2024陕西西安导游词
各位游客:
中国拥有数百座古代城墙,其中以北京、南京、西安的古城墙规模最大,但北京、南京古城墙先后被拆毁或严重残缺,而始建于公元1370年的西安古城墙迄今仍保存完整。日本访华来西安时,放着“世界第八大奇迹”秦俑坑不看,却登上了始建于600多年前的西门城楼,领略了这座古代城墙的雄姿。下面请大家跟我一起实地去参观西安古城墙。
城墙的起源
各位游客,这几天我们已经在车行晨曦或晚霞中领略了古城墙的多彩多姿和古朴深沉。现在我们来到城墙脚下,请大家走上城墙游览。
大家一定想知道城墙的真正含义是什么。“城墙”一词原是从“城”字引申而来。“城”按《说文》解释,是“盛”的通假字,“盛”是纳民,所以“城”字的本义是土围民而成国,由此引出城墙一义。被誉为中华民族脊梁的万里长城的“城”宇,同样是城墙的意思。只是后来随着社会的发展,“城”字又包含了今天城市的解释。
“城”字最早出现在周朝的金文中,从字形看活生生地体现了古代城墙的军事用途。城墙的军事作用是保卫私有制,而在意识形态上看,城墙的形体规模又是等级森严的宗法制的严格体现。显然统治者营造城墙,是用它来保护自己,宣示国威。现在我们看到的西安城墙,是中国历史上最著名的城垣建筑之一。它从明洪武三年(公元1370年)朱元璋下诏修城开始动工,至洪武十一年(公元1378年)完工,历时8年,是在隋唐京城的皇城基础上扩筑而成的,经过历代修葺,基本上保持着完整的封建社会城垣建筑的面貌,反映了中国古代筑城技术的杰出成就。
城垣规模和结构设施
各位游客,那么西安城墙到底有多大呢?它的结构又是怎样的?据测算,西安城墙周长11.9千米,其中东城墙2590米,西城墙2631.2米,南城墙3441.6米,北城墙3241米。这样的规模在国内外都是比较少见的。
大家看见城墙四门外筑有护卫城门的小城,那叫瓮城。所谓瓮城,意为敌人一旦进入,就会受到瓮城城墙上面的四面夹击,犹如瓮中之鳖,无法逃脱。瓮城外还筑有拱卫瓮城的小城,古称羊马城。古时候大城门的启闭有规定时间,关闭城门后尚未回城的人可连同自己牵的羊、赶的马等,进入羊马城以及今环城公园地带歇息,等候开城门后再进城。西安的羊马城在清末已全毁。记得1986年在西安城安定门(西门)瓮城北门外约17.5米处发现羊马城北侧门道,长5.5米,宽2.4米。现在大家能看到南门瓮城外侧已修复的羊马城,墙体长198米,高9.5米。
护城河外曾有拱卫四城门的四个夯筑土城叫郭城。据《西安府志》卷九记载:唐天祐年间,韩建筑东郭小城和西郭小城。宋、金、元皆因之。明洪武年间拓城时,东郭小城大部分被包在大城内,留在城外的即为东郭新城。明后期西郭小城记。目前,四关郭城墙体仅存部分残段,郭门仅在地名上留有其名称。
现在我们来到西安城内东北处,这里曾经是明秦王府城,简称王城。明初,朱元津封其次子为秦王,命其坐镇西安,加强对西北的控制。整个秦王府城分为两重城墙。外城墙称萧墙,全系土筑成。内城墙因外砌青砖,故称砖墙。明灭后,萧墙被毁。清雍正年间,西安修庙宇,秦王府的建筑多被拆除,砖城改为八旗教场。目前秦王府砖城只存夯土城残段若干处。
明代建西安城时,全城城门有4座:“长乐”、“永宁”、“安定”、“安远”。门名刻于大城门洞外的青石门据上。大城城门上所建的楼房称城楼,也叫正楼,是守城指挥官的指挥所。瓮城城门洞上所建之楼称箭楼,因楼壁辟有箭窗,是当时发箭防御之用。到了民国时又开辟了4座城门,俗称小四门:中山门(小东门),在现在的东新街东端,是为纪念孙中山修建的;勿幕门(小南门),在今天的四府街南端;玉祥门(小西门),在莲湖路西端,解放后,此门被拆;解放门(小北门),原名中正门,在解放路北端,当年因为陇海路通车到西安而修建,到了1952年因扩建火车站而被拆除。西安在解放后也开辟了新城门,南墙有建国门、和平门、文昌门、朱雀门、含光门。北墙有尚德门。东墙有朝阳门。
一般游客知道明代建筑西安城墙时有98座敌台,台上均建有敌楼。但1982年西安市城墙管理所实地调查发现,那些古敌楼没有留下一个,只有部分尚存础石。之后,西安重建敌楼12座,为砖木结构,歇山顶式,重檐二层楼,底层周设回廊。
古代城垣设施不仅修建敌楼、箭楼作用武之备,还修建魁星楼以祭把主宰文运之神魁星。西安魁星楼建在南门城楼东,后遭兵火毁坏。后来在原址上复建魁星楼,值得一看。
更多相似范文
篇1:西安钟楼介绍导游词
Good morning, everyone. Welcome to the ancient city of Xian. Nice to meetyou. Im your tour guide this time. My name is Xu chenxuan. Just call me Xu Daoor Chen Xuan. Now lets start the journey of Xian ancient city wall!
First of all, I would like to briefly introduce the ancient city wall ofXian. The ancient city wall of Xian is also called Xian Ming city wall. It islocated in the central area of Xian, Shaanxi Province. The height of the wallis 12 meters, the top width is 12-14 meters, the bottom width is 15-18 meters,and the outline is a closed rectangle with a perimeter of 13 meters. 74kilometers. The city wall is used to be called the ancient city area, with anarea of 11 square meters. With an area of 32 square kilometers, the famous belland Drum Tower in Xian is located in the center of the ancient city.
In front of us is the main gate of the city wall. There are four gates likethis: Changle gate (East Gate), Yongning gate (South Gate), Anding gate (WestGate) and Anyuan gate (North Gate). The four gates were the original gates ofthe Ming city wall. Because of the military and defense needs at that time, theywere all single door caves, and they all built three walls, and Weng city wasformed between the two walls. So far, except Yongning gate, only two walls areleft in the other three gates.
OK, heres your free time. Please gather here in an hour.
篇2:西安出售房屋合同
甲方(出卖方):
乙方(中介方):
根据《中华人民共和国城市房地产管理法》、《中华人民共和国民法典》等法律、法规的规定,甲、乙双方经友好协商,本着平等互利的原则,甲方自愿出售可依法出售房屋的有关事宜达成如下合意:
一、房屋基本状况
1.1房屋位置:用途
1.2产权证号丘(地)号
1.3房屋套型,楼层其他
二、房价款
2.1甲乙双方商定该房屋的成交价为¥________元(大写________人民币)。
2.2上述成交价已包括装修、家具、家电及配套设施费等合计¥(大写________人民币)。
三、交易及付款方式:甲乙双方选择以下第________种方式办理
3.1一次性付款:
3.2分期付款:
四、中介服务费
4.1甲方应向乙方支付:中介服务费¥________元(大写人民币)。
4.2权证、按揭办理及房屋交接代办费¥________元(大写人民币)。
4.3房屋交易及付款监管费¥________元(大写人民币)。
五、其他约定
5.1签定预定协议后,甲方必须在
5.2备注:
六、违约责任
7.1本合同签字生效后,若甲方违约,按成交价的支付给乙方作为违约金。
七、本合同经甲、乙双方签字即生效,本合同一式贰份,甲乙双方各执壹份,具有同等法律效力。
甲方(公章):_________乙方(公章):_________
法定代表人(签字):_________法定代表人(签字):_________
_________年____月____日_________年____月____日
篇3:西安优秀导游词
各位游客:大家好!欢迎大家来到古城西安旅游,我是你们的导游,我姓黄,叫我小黄或伟群都行。我今天有幸陪同大家一起参观,很高兴,希望我能和各位一起度过这一段美好的时光。今天我先带大家去最著名的秦兵马俑。
秦兵马俑在我国西安临潼出土,今天我就带领你们游览这举世无双,享誉世界的历史文物。
看!这就是将军佣,它身体魁梧,头戴鹤冠,身上披着铠甲,手里还握着宝剑,看它若有所思的样子,好象在考虑如何打退匈奴大军呢!
瞧!这个兵马俑是陶马,它的大小跟真马差不多,个个形体键壮,肌肉丰满,看它跃跃欲试的样子,好象一声令下,就会撒开四蹄,腾空而起,踏上征程哩!
今天,我的讲解就到这,档案,先的景点不知这一关额,还有先古城墙,华清池等等,这些景点我都会带你们去的,今天我们就先到这里,大家回去好好休息,然后有一个好的状态再继续我们明天的行程,希望大家今晚能休息好,我们明天见。
篇4:西安英文导游词_导游词范文_网
inside the fourth courtyard, there is a structure called the phoenix pavilion, a place where worshipers wait for services. the pavilion, in fact, is a complex of three small buildings. the six-gabled structure in the central part is adjoined by two three-gabled buildings on each side which make it look like a flying phoenix; hence its name. just at the back of the pavilion there is a fish pond, and beyond it is a platform with an area of 700 square meters. acrothe platform stands the 1,300-square-meter prayer hall. it holds over 1,000 worshipers at a time. the ceiling is decorated with over 600 panels. the walls of the hall, as well as the panels, are decorated with patterns of trailing plants and arabic letters. the shrine at the western end of the hall is where the imam and worshipers chant the koran and pay homage while facing in the direction of mecca.
the moslems in china share much the same customs with their brothers and sisters elsewhere in the world. they worship five times a day: at dawn, at noon, in the afternoon, at dusk, and at night.
the constitution of china acknowledges that each citizen has the right freedom of religion, and that each ethnic group has the freedom to preserve or reform its own customs. of course, the moslems in china enjoy equal rights with other ethnic groups, and their religious beliefs and customs are respected everywhere in the country.
huaqing pool is situated about 35 kilometres east of the city of xi’an. historically, the western zhou dynasty saw the construction of the li palace on the spot. in the qin dynasty a pool was built with stones, and was given the name lishan tang (the lishan hot spring). the site was extended into a palace in the han dynasty, and renamed the li palace (the resort palace). in the tang dynasty, li shimin (emperor tai zong) ordered to construct the hot spring palace, and emperor xuan zong had a walled palace built around lishan mountain in the year of 747. it was known as the huaqing palace. it also had the name huaqing pool on account of its location on the hot springs.
huaqing pool is located at the foot of the lishan mountain, a branch range of the qinling ranges, and stands 1,256 metres high. it is covered with pines and cypresses, looking very much like a like a dark green galloping horse from a long distance. so it has the name of the lishan mountain (li means a black horse).
the tang dynasty emperor xuan zong and his favourite lady, yang gui fei used to make their home at frost drifting hall in winter days. when winter came, snowflakes were floating in the air, and everything in sight was white. however, they came into thaw immediately in front of the hall. it owed a great deal to the luke warm vapour rising out of the hot spring. this is the frost drifting hall that greets us today.
篇5:西安大学短期劳动合同
甲方:名称经济类型经济类型法定代表人电话地址
乙方:姓名性别________年龄文化程度身份证号码就业证号码住址市街、巷号
甲、乙双方根据《劳动法》及《宁夏回族自治区外来劳动力就业管理办法》规定,平等自愿、协商一致,签订本合同。
一、合同期限
1.自________年____月____日起至________年____月____日止或工作结束止。
二、工作内容甲方分配乙方在__________________岗位担任_________职务。在正常情况下乙方必须完成生产任务,具体生产任务为:____________________________________
三、工作时间
1.甲方实行每日不超过8小时、每周不超过40小时工作制,如实行综合计算工时或不定时工作制,由甲方报劳动保障行政部门批准后实行。
2.因生产经营需要,经协商安排乙方加班加点,甲方按规定支付加班工资。日加班不超过3小时,月加班不超过36小时。
四、劳动报酬甲方按月足额以货币形式支付乙方工资,每月____日为发薪日;工资制度和分配形式按下列第_________项执行;
1.实行计时工资制,乙方完成生产任务,每日工资_________元,每月工资_________元;
2.实行计件工资制,具体标准为________________________________________________________。
3.乙方在法定工作时间内提供了正常劳动,甲方每月应支付给乙方不低于当地政府规定的最低工资标准的工资。
五、劳动保险
1.甲方和乙方按照自治区和当地人民政府的规定缴纳养老等社会保险费;
2.乙方患病、工伤、致残、死亡等待遇,按照国家和自治区的有关规定执行。
六、乙方的劳动保护、安全卫生及纪律奖惩等按有关法律、法规、规章执行。
七、违约责任
1.本合同具有法律效力,双方应严格履行;
2.甲方克扣或者无故拖欠乙方工资的,除全额支付工资外,还需给乙方加发经济补偿金;
3.一方违反本合同,给对方造成损失的,依照国家有关规定赔偿相关损失。
八、双方约定的其他事项
九、因履行本合同发生劳动争议,双方均可向劳动争议仲裁委员会申请仲裁。
十、本合同未尽事宜,按照国家和自治区有关规定执行。
十一、本合同双方签订后报劳动保障行政部门鉴证,一式两份,甲乙双方各执一份。
甲方:__________________ ________年____月____日
乙方:___________________ _____________年____月____日
鉴证机关:______________________鉴证人:______________
________________年____月____日
篇6:西安大学短期劳动合同
合同书(短期) 甲方(用人单位或受委托的项目部): 地址: 联系电话: 乙方(姓名): 性别: 身份证号码: 现住址: 甲乙双方依照国家和本省劳动法律法规建立劳动关系,履行相应的权利和义务,并对有关问题作以下约定:
一、劳动合同期限
1、不足一个月时间的用工:从________年____月日至________年____月____日(不设试用期)。
2、完成一定工作任务的用工:以 工程完成之日(最长不超过三个月)为本合同的终止期限。
二、工作内容 甲方安排乙方工作地点: 从事(工种): 数(质)量要求:
三、劳动报酬
1、工资计算方式:
(1)计时(每天或每月工资标准)
(2)计量(件)(单价数量)
2、工资支付方式:不得低于当地最低工资标准。按月支付资的,每月人民币 元;按工作进度支付工资的预付 ,计人民币
元,余款待任务完成后全部付给。 甲方应制作工资发放花名册,并由乙方本人签字或书面委托他人代签,领取工资。
四、劳动保护和工伤保险 甲方依法为乙方办理人身意外伤害保险或工伤保险,其中每月缴纳的工伤保险费计 元。
五、违反劳动合同的责任及其它约定 本合同自签订之日起生效,合同一式二份,甲、乙双方各执一份。 甲方(签章): 乙方(签章):________年____月____日________年____月____日
篇7:西安兵马俑500字导游词
我们现在要去参观一号俑坑。这是最大的一个坑。我们看坑里的兵马俑,一行行,一列列,十分整齐,排成了一个巨大的长方形军阵,这就是当年秦始皇统帅的大军。这座皇陵占地约有二十五万平方米。在这皇陵周围有守卫,差不多守卫了二千多年。
秦始皇兵马俑有三大特点一是多,现已挖掘出的兵马俑,分三大俑坑,约有八千多个武士俑,六百多个战马俑。二是精,大到布局排阵,小到肌肤纹理无不蕴含巧思,一丝不苟。三是美,秦兵马俑有令人震撼的壮丽之美,气势雄伟,威武雄奇,展示了中华人民的强大力量和英雄气概。
篇8:西安兵马俑500字导游词
游客们,你们好!我是导游张逸轩,大家能够叫我张导。这是我们阳光旅行社的帽子,请大家戴上,便于辨认,我今日为大家介绍的景点是兵马俑,期望大家在参观兵马俑的同时,渡过欢乐的时光!
秦兵马俑是秦始皇陵的陪葬坑,位于西安临潼南约5公里。陵园规模宏大,近20000平方米,有50个篮球场那么大,陪葬品众多,在1987年12月列入《世界遗产名录》。
大家进了拱形大厅,首先看到的是俑。它身材魁梧,头戴鹖冠,身披铠甲,手握宝剑,昂首挺胸。那神态自若的样貌,一看就明白是久经沙场,重任在肩,经验丰富。
看完了俑,我们再观看武士俑。武士俑平均身高约1.8米,它体格健壮,体型匀称。看它们身穿战袍,披挂铠甲,脚蹬前端向上翘的战靴,手持兵器,整装待发,十分威风。
武士俑的旁边就是骑兵俑。它们上身着短甲,下身着紧口裤,足登长靴,右手执缰绳,左手持弓箭,好像随时准备上马冲锋。
我们刚才参观的是兵俑,接下来我们参观马俑。看陶马跟真马一样大,每一匹都是形体健壮,肌肉丰满,好像一声令下,就会撒开四蹄,腾空而起,踏上征程。
秦兵马俑,是我们中国人的骄傲,因为它在全世界都是绝无仅有的,它模拟军阵的排列,生动地再现了秦军雄兵百万,战车千乘的宏伟气势,形象地展示了我们中华民族的强大力量和英雄气概。
接下来是拍照时间,大家能够自由拍照,拍完后回宾馆。
篇9:西安兵马俑500字导游词
大家好!我是梦幻旅行社的一名优秀导游。很荣幸,今天能带领大家一起去已被列入>的秦始皇陵及兵马俑坑游玩。那么现在我们就出发吧!
秦兵马俑坑是秦始皇的陪葬坑,由一号二号三号坑组成。今已建成博物馆。兵马俑排列成阵,气势壮观。兵马俑分将军俑骑兵俑武士俑陶马等。馆内还展出了大型彩绘铜车马。被称为世界第八大奇迹的秦兵马俑展示了古长安往日的辉煌。
现在我们已经到了目的地----一号坑。一号坑在三个俑坑中面积最大,东西有230米长,南北有62米宽,总面积有14260平方米呢!坑里的兵马俑也最多,有6000多个呢!
那么现在我就带领大家一起去看看类型众多的兵马俑吧!请大家在游览过程中不要乱丢垃圾,随地吐痰,破坏公共文物等。。。。。。。。
看!这就是将军俑。它身材魁梧,头戴鹤冠,身上披着铠甲,手里还握着宝剑,看它那若有所思样子,好像在考虑如何打退匈奴大军呢!
那个兵马俑名叫武士俑。它身穿战袍,披挂铠甲,脚上还穿着前端向上翘的战靴,手里还拿着兵器,瞧他那神气的样子,准能把敌人吓的屁滚尿流!
看这个身披铠甲骑在马上的青年,就是骑兵俑,他手持弓箭好像在等将军一声令下,就去与匈奴大军作殊死拼博!
这个兵马俑是陶马,它的大小跟真马差不多,个个形体健壮,肌肉丰满。看它那跃跃欲试的样子,好像一声令下,就会撒开四蹄,腾空而起,踏上征程哩!
今天,我的讲解就到这,谢谢大家对我的支持与信任。拜拜!
篇10:西安大清真寺英文导游词
清真大寺位于西安市鼓楼街北隅的化觉巷内。由于它与大学习巷的清真寺东西遥遥相望,而且规模较大,故又被称为东大寺或清真大寺,为全国重点文物保护单位。
据寺内现存石碑记载,清真大寺建成唐玄宗李隆基天宝元年(742年),距今已有1250多年的历史。经宋、元、明、清几次重修和护建,逐步形成规模宏大,楼台、亭殿布局紧凑和谐,庄严肃穆的建筑群。清真寺前后分四个院落,占地面积13000多平方米,建筑面积5000多平方米。前院紧临照壁的木牌楼,高约9米,琉璃瓦顶,挑角飞檐,雕梁画栋,极为壮观。南北两边为仿古建筑的接待室。
第二院是悬挂“清真寺”匾额的五间楼。院内树木成荫,花圃对称排列,石制牌坊矗立其间,碑阴镌刻有著名书法家米芾、董其昌的题字。
第三院是敕赐殿,院中央是三层结构精巧的八角形省心楼。南北两厢是经堂、宫殿,里面珍藏有阿拉伯文和汉文翻译的《古兰经》及珍贵字画等。
第四院中心是一真亭,又名凤凰亭,南北各有面宽七间的厅房。南厅后有石碑廊,陈列着创建和重修清真寺的碑刻。
一真亭后有海棠形鱼池喷泉,亭南北各有一座碑亭。进石门,走上广阔的大月台,大殿就在正端。大殿面阔7间,进深9间,面积约1300平方米,可容纳千余人同时作礼拜。殿内天棚藻井,有画600余幅,彩画图案不一,墙壁刻蔓草花纹,套刻古兰经,构图着色,均表现中国伊斯兰教寺院建筑和宗教彩画的特色。
篇11:关于陕西西安古城墙的导游词
首先,我给大家简单介绍一下西安古城墙,西安古城墙又称为西安明城墙,位于陕西省西安市中心区,墙高12米,顶宽12—14米,底宽15—18米,轮廓呈封闭的长方形,周长13.74千米。城墙内人们习惯称为古城区,面积11.32平方千米,著名的西安钟鼓楼就位于古城中心。
请大家紧跟我不要掉队,我们前面的是城墙的主城门,像这样的城门共有四座:我们面前的长乐门(东门);还有永宁门(南门);安定门(西门),安远门(北门)。它们四座城门作为明城墙的原有城门,因当时的军事,防御需要,都是单门洞,且都修建了三道城墙,两道城墙之间又形成了翁城。至今为止,四座城门中除永宁门外,其余三座城门都只剩下两道城墙。
好了,下面是大家自由活动的时间,请大家一个小时后在这里集合。
本次游览结束,感谢大家对我工作的支持,谢谢大家,祝大家身体健康,万事如意,以后有缘再见。
篇12:西安大清真寺英文导游词_陕西导游词_网
陕西西安大清真寺英文导游词怎么写?跟着小编来看看下面的范文,说不定能帮到你们哦~
陕西西安大清真寺英文导游词
The Mosque is a major spot for religious activities of over 60.000 Moslems in Xi’an, likewise, an important cultural relic protected by the Provincial People’s Government. Unlike the Arabic mosques, with splendid domes, the minarets reaching into the clouds, the coulourful engraved sketches with dazzling patterns, the Mosque here in Xi’an possesses much Chinese traditional touch in both its design and artistic outlook; besides the style peculiar to Islamic mosques, this Mosque also holds characteristics of Chinese pavilions with painted beams and engraved ridgepoles.
However, any further discussion about the Mosque will be futile unless anything of the introduction of Islam into China is brought up.
Islam as a religious order was founded in the early period of the 7th century A.D. and was introduced to China in the mid-600s. At that time, Arabian merchants and travelers came to the northwest of China by way of Persia and Afghanistan and thus established diplomatic, trade, and military contacts with China. In the meantime, another route saw a batch of sea voyagers through Bangladesh Bay and the Malacca Strait to China’s Guangzhou, Quanzhou, Huangzhou, Yangzhou and other cities where many of them settled down and married the local women who later gave birth to babies who then became Moslems.
However, massive immigration of the Moslems to China did not take place until as late as the early period of the 13th century, when Genghis Khan, as a result of his expedition against the west, had conquered vast expanses of land stretching from Central Asia to Eastern Europe, including the north of Iran. Many of the Moslems in the conquered areas were thus forced to enlist and later settled in China.
Among the enlisted many were soldiers, and some were smiths and officials who were called the Hui people in the history books on the Yuan dynasty. The Hui people later followed Kublai Khan down to the south, helping him unifying China and then establish the Yuan dynasty. In the wake of the conquest, Islam spread all over China and mosques began to appear everywhere. In the Yuan dynasty, many Moslems held positions both in the military and civilian organs of the country. And a lot of the Moslems took part in Zhu Yuanzhang’s uprising in the early 14th century and made great contributions to the founding of the Ming Dynasty. Therefore, all the emperors of the Dynasty issued mandates to protect Islam, and to set up mosques in praise of the Moslems for their feats. In the early 16th century, Islam predominated Qinghai on the minority nationalities including the Huis, the Uygurs, the Kazaks, the Kirgizes, the Tajiks, the Tartars, the Ozbeks, the Dong Xiangs, the Salars and the Bonans. The Moslems in Xi’an are mainly the Huis, being a small portion out of the ten million in China.
The Mosque at Hua Jue Lane is the largest in Xi’an, and at the same time, it is also one of the earliest built on a comparatively large scale, and well preserved mosques in China.
According to the Stele on the Building of the Mosque”, the mosque is said to be built in the Tang Dynasty. However, the architectural style of the mosque suggests a possible building dating back to the Ming Dynasty. The four courtyards of the mosque cover an area of more than 12,000 square meters, out of which about 4,000 are occupied by various structures. The still intact wooden front memorial gateway of the front yard, built at the turn of the 17th century, with glazed tiles on the top, spectacular corners and upturned eaves, is about 9 metres high, and has a history of about 360 years. The stone memorial gateway in the center of the second courtyard is flanked with a tail stele on either side with dragons carved on each, recording the repair work ever since the building of the Mosque. On the back of one of the steles are engraved characters by the master calligrapher Mi Fu, May Buddhism Fill the Universe”, on the other, Royal -Bestowed”by Dong Qichang, another master of the same art of the Ming dynasty. They are treasures in Chinese calligraphy. At the entrance of the third courtyard is an imperial built hall, where a month tablet”, showing the calculation of the Hui Calendars in Arabic, is stored. It was compiled by a man in charge of the mosque called Xiao Mining in the early period of the Qing dynasty. A three –storeyed octagonal wooden structure called Retrospection Tower”also stands in the center of the courtyard, which has the same function as the minaret in Islamic temples in Arabic countries, and which is a place from where orders were sent to call the Moslems to come to worship. Respectively, on the south and north wings of the tower, are a reception chamber and a Scripture Chamber, both elegantly laid out. The five wooden houses, which are called Water Houses”in the southwest section of the Mosque are the place where the believers bathe themselves before they attend their services. And in side the fourth courtyard there is a structure called the Pavilion of Phoenix”, a place where the worshipers used to wait for the services. The Pavilion, in fact, is a compound structure of three small buildings. The six-gabled structure of the central part, adjoining the two three-gabled buildings on each side looks very much like a flying phoenix, and hence its name. Just at the back of the Pavilion, there is a fishpond, beyond which is a platform occupying an area as large as 700 m2. Across both ends of the platform stands the 1,300 square metered service hall, holding over a thousand worshipers at once. There are over six hundred sunk panels well as the sunk panels, are decorated with patterns of painted trailing plants and Arabic letterings. The imam leads his group of worshipers, while facing in the direction of Mecca, to chant in Koran and to pay their religious homage.
The Moslems in China share very much the same customs with their brothers and sisters elsewhere in the world. They worship five times a day: at dawn, at noon, in the afternoon, at dusk, and at night. Female worshipers attend their services in a separated place from their brothers, usually at home. Moslems pay special attention to their health and see that they always wear clean clothes. They are teetotalers not only of wine, but also of pork and animal blood for in Koran pigs have been mentioned four times as being unclean”. According to Koran, a man can have four wives and women should wear veils when they go out. However, except a few places in Xinjiang, the Chinese practise monogamy and women are veiless when they go out. Upon his death, a Moslem has to be thoroughly cleaned”(thoroughly bathed), has to be put on Ke Fan”(to be shrouded with a piece of white cloth) and has to be buried coffinless in the ground, with an imam reciting Scriptures at the funeral.
The Chinese constitution promulgates that freedom of religion of each citizen and freedom of preserving or reforming local customs for every nationality are permitted. And of course, the Moslems in China enjoy equal rights with peoples of other nationalities and their religious beliefs and customs are respected everywhere in the country.
陕西西安大清真寺英文导游词
Huaqing Pool is situated about 35 kilometres east of the city of Xi’an. Historically, the Western Zhou dynasty saw the construction of the Li Palace on the spot. In the Qin dynasty a pool was built with stones, and was given the name Lishan Tang (the Lishan Hot Spring). The site was extended into a palace in the Han dynasty, and renamed the Li Palace (the Resort Palace). In the Tang dynasty, Li Shimin (Emperor Tai Zong) ordered to construct the Hot Spring Palace, and Emperor Xuan Zong had a walled palace built around Lishan Mountain in the year of 747. It was known as the Huaqing Palace. It also had the name Huaqing Pool on account of its location on the hot springs.
Huaqing Pool is located at the foot of the Lishan Mountain, a branch range of the Qinling Ranges, and stands 1,256 metres high. It is covered with pines and cypresses, looking very much like a like a dark green galloping horse from a long distance. So it has the name of the Lishan Mountain (Li means a black horse).
The Tang dynasty Emperor Xuan Zong and his favourite lady, Yang Gui Fei used to make their home at Frost Drifting Hall in winter days. When winter came, snowflakes were floating in the air, and everything in sight was white. However, they came into thaw immediately in front of the hall. It owed a great deal to the luke warm vapour rising out of the hot spring. This is the Frost Drifting Hall that greets us today.
Close by the Frost Drifting Hall lies the Nine Dragon Pool. According to legend, the Central Shaanxi Plain was once stricken by a severe drought in the very remote past. Thus, by the order of the Jade Emperor (the Supreme Deity of Heaven), an old dragon came at the head of eight young ones, and made rain here. Yet when the disaster was just abating, they lowered their guard so much that it became serious again. In a fit of anger, the Jade Emperor kept the young dragons under the Jade Cause Way (玉堤), with the Morning Glow Pavilion and the Sunset Pavilion built at both ends of it respectively, to make the young dragons spout cleat water all day long to meet the needs of local irrigation. Besides, he had the old dragon confined to the bottom of the Roaring Dragon Waterside Pavilion situated at the upper end of the Jade Causeway, and obliged him to exercise control over the young.
The Nine-Bend Corridor west of the Nine Dragon Pool leads directly to the Marble Boat, which resembles a dragon boat on the water surface. In the Marble Boat lies the Nine Dragon Tang (the Nine Dragon Hot Spring where Emperor Xuan Zong used to take baths). At the head of his court ladies and hundreds of his officials, he would come to the Huanqing Palace to spend his winter days in October of the Lunar calendar and return to Chang’an City as the year drew to its close. The Nine Dragon Hot Spring was originally built with crystal jade, whose surface was decorated with the carvings of fish, dragons, birds and flowers. In it twin lotus flowers also carved with white jade could be seen as well. The spring water welled from the break of an earthen jar, and spouted up to the lotus flowers. Hence the name Lotus Flower Tang (the Lotus Flower Hot Spring).
The Gui Fei Bathing Pool was where Yang Gui Fei, Emperor Xuan Zong’s favorite lady, used to take bath. It was originally built with white jade, and in its center a blooming flower spouted water like a spring. The pool looked very much like a Chinese flowering crabapple; Hence its name the Chinese Flowering Crabapple Hot Spring or the Lotus Hot Spring..
Lady Yang used to make a stay in this pavilion to see sights or to air her hair after a bath. Therefore, it was named the Hair Airing Pavilion. Whether the sun was rising or setting, the pavilion was aglow with sunshine; hence the name the Flying Roseate Pavilion.
Southwest of the Gui Fei Bathing Pool stands a brick-built pavilion. On its head three big Chinese characters Xi Jia Lou” (Fine Sunset-Bathed Pavilion)are inscribed according to the model of the most celebrated according to the model of the most celebrated Chinese calligrapher, Yu You Ren, here is the source of the spring water.
At this spa there are four hot springs. They have an hourly flow of 112 tons, and a constant temperature of 43°C. The spring water contains lime, sodium carbonate, sodium sulphate and other minerals, which makes it suitable for bathing and considerable treatment of quite a few diseases such as dermatosis, rheumatism, arthritis and muscular pain. The Fine Sunset-Bathed Pavilion marks the first source of the spring water, which was discovered some 3,000 years ago, roughly in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Its water flow averages 25 tons per hour.
Take up the steps east of the source of hot springs, you will gradually see the Five-Room Pavilion where Chiang Kaishek made a temporary stay during the Xi’an Incident.
The Xi’an Incident took place on December 12, 1936, and it is also known as the Double Twelfth Incident. After the Incident of September 18, 1936, the Japanese imperialists seized the three provinces northeast of China, and intensified their invasion of North China. This was the very moment vital to the Chinese nation. Yet Chiang Kaichek persisted doggedly in carrying out his reactionary policy domestic tranquility is a must for the resistance against Japanese invades,” and commanded the Northeast Army and Northwest Army, respectively headed by Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng, to attack the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region. Inspired by our Party’s policy let us stop the internal war and unit to resist the Japanese aggressors,” those two generals made to Chiang Kaishek the proposal of forming a united front with the Communist Party for the resistance. Not only did he reject the proposal, but flew to Xi’an to scheme the suppression of the Communist Party.” And the slaughter of the patriotic youth. Out of patriotism, Zhang and Yang started the famous Xi’an Incident.
Very early on the morning of December 12, 1936 the Incident was impending. Zhang Xueliang, together with Yang Hucheng ordered a squad of bodyguards to surround the Huaqing Pool. They fought a fierce battle there, and wiped out Chiang’s bodyguards in one vigorous effort. The sound of firing came to Chiang Kaishek, and he was so terrified that he crept out of the window with his nightgown and slippers only. What’s more, he hurt his spinal bone, and lost one of his slippers while crossing over the back wall. He staggered up Lishan Mountain, and hid himself behind a stone in the crevice halfway on it. Those brave soldiers began to search the mountain immediately when they rushed into the Five-Room Pavilion to find that Chiang’s hat and clothes were still there and that his quilt remained warm. In the end they found Chiang Kaishek, and thus escorted him to Xi’an.
In order to avoid a civil war and try t establish a national united front for the resistance against Japan, Mao Zedong on behalf of the C.C.P.C. insisted on a peaceful settlement of the Incident. Therefore, a delegation headed by Zhou Enlai was sent to Xi’an. Zhou Enlai and his suite did a large amount of work there, took everything possible into consideration, and ultimately forced Chiang Kaishek to accept the proposal by his two generals. On December 25, Chiang was freed, and flew back to Nanjing. The Xi’an Incident was so peacefully settled.
The peaceful settlement of the Incident put an end to the internal war which had lasted for ten years, and accelerated the formation and development of the national united front for the anti-Japanese drive. Moreover, it showed that the co-operative relationships between the Communist and Nationalists arrived at a new stage. It marked a great turning point in modern Chinese history.
In the year of 1946 the KMT government had a National Rejuvenation Pavilion” built near the crevice where Chiang Kaishek had hidden himself in the Incident. It was also called Vital Energy Pavilion”. After the national liberation it was renamed Catching Chiang Pavilion”. Close by the pavilion stands a wooden board which carries a brief introduction to the Xi’an Incident. Iron chains and rings in the crevices east of the pavilion, by which visitors can climb up to take a look at Chiang Kaishek’s shelter.
Up the winding path east of the Five-Room-Pavilion you will catch sight of a bridge-like construction. It shines regularly with a myriad of evening sun rays both in summer and autumn, and looks very much like rainbow. So it has the name of the Hovering Rainbow Bridge.
Located on the Xixiu Ridge (the West Embroidery Ridge) of the Lishan Mountain, the remains of the beacon tower of the Western Zhou Dynasty seem easy to identify.
The beacon tower was mostly built at the top of the mountain to give border alarm in ancient times. It was constantly under special control. Once the enemies were pressing on towards the border, the beacon tower began to take effect: it was made to smoke in the daytime while set on fire at night.
The story goes that Bao Si, Queen of the Western Zhou dynasty was highly honored, yet she never cracked a smile. King You tried many ways to put a smile on her face, but he failed over and over again. He called his court band to toll bells and beat gongs”, and she pulled a long face. Then the band were asked to play the bamboo flute and strings” and she remained displeased. Afterwards, maids of honour served wine, festively singing and dancing,” and she did not let out a smile at all.
You don’t like music! What on earth are you fond of?” the King asked.
I nearly have a liking for nothing. But I can still well remember I liked to give ear to the sound of tearing a piece of coloured silk when I was a child. It was clear anf melodious,” she replied. King You said in excitement, That is very simple. How come you didn’t let me know it earlier?”
Thus he ordered the officially appointed property manager to offer coloured silk, and made fresh and energetic maids of honour to tear it into pieces. Hundreds of bolts of coloured silk were utterly torn, but Bao Si remained unmoved.
Why didn’t you let out a single smile then?” he asked.
I have never smiled so far, ” the Queen replied.
The King tried over and over again, but failed repeatedly, and in the end he gave orders, Anyone both in and out of court who can amuse Bao Si will be awarded one thousand pieces of gold.”
Afterwards Guo Shifu, a treacherous court official came and offered advice: Set the beacon tower on fire and fool your sovereign rulers.” That night the King and Queen reached the Lishan Mountain by carriage, and gave the order. In the split second the flames of the fire lit up the sky ad the sovereign rulers moved their troops immediately to the Lishan Mountain. There they found nothing but that the King and Queen enjoyed drinking festively. The King then dispatched his bodyguard to inform them that Everything should have been all right. I have just been joking with you.” When they got this, they looked at each other in blank dismay, and left disappointed. Sure enough, Bao Si burst into laughter, stroking her hands when she noticed all the troops come in vain and go noisily. Accordingly, Guo Shifu got a prize of one thousand pieces of gold. Later on King You did so more often than not. In 771 B.C. Quan Rong (a then minority tribe) staged an armed rebellion against the Western Zhou Dynasty. King You ordered urgently to set the beacon tower on fire, but all the sovereign rulers remained unmoved. Consequently King Yu was killed, and Bao Si was taken away. The Western Zhou dynasty vanished. Herein come the Chinese idiom A single smile costs one thousand pieces of gold” and The sovereign rulers are fooled by the beacon fire.”
篇13:关于西安的导游词精选范文
市情概况:西安古称长安,是陕西省省会,地处关中平原中部,是国家重要的科研、教育和工业基地,我国西部地区重要的中心城市,世界历史文化名城。西安历史悠久,有着3100多年的建城史和1100多年的建都史,先后有13个王朝在此建都,与雅典、罗马、开罗并称世界四大文明古都。
西安现辖新城、碑林、莲湖、雁塔、灞桥、未央、阎良、临潼、长安9个区,蓝田、周至、户县、高陵4个县( 共有109个街道、67个镇、782个社区和2991个行政村)。 有国家级西安高新技术产业开发区、国家级西安经济技术开发区、西安曲江新区、西安浐灞生态区、西安阎良国家航空高技术产业基地、西安国家民用航天产业基地、西安国际港务区和西安沣东新城(简称“ 五区一港两基地”)。总面积10108平方公里,市区规划面积865平方公里。其中,主城区规划面积490平方公里,城市建成区面积415平方公里,常住人口858.81万人。
20xx年6月,国务院批复的《关中— 天水经济区发展规划》明确提出:着力打造西安国际化大都市,到20xx年都市区人口发展到1000万人以上,主城区面积达到800平方公里。
20xx年西安市GDP为4884.13亿元,地方财政一般预算收入501.98亿元,全社会固定资产投资5134.56亿元,社会消费品零售总额2548.02亿元,城镇居民人均可支配收入33100元,农村居民人均纯收入12930元。全市综合经济实力显著提升。
近年来,西安市委、市政府以加快科学发展、实现率先发展为主题,确立了“五大主导产业” (高新技术产业、装备制造业、旅游产业、现代服务业、文化产业)的发展重点和“五区一港两基地”( 国家级西安高新技术产业开发区、国家级西安经济技术开发区、曲江国家文化产业示范园区、浐灞生态区、沣东新城、西安国际港务区、西安阎良国家航空高技术产业基地、西安国家民用航天产业基地)的发展格局,基本形成了古代文明与现代文明交相辉映、老城区与新城区各展风采、人文资源与生态资源相互依托的城市特色。
20xx年,西安市将以党的和xx届三中全会精神为指导,以全面深化改革为统领,认真贯彻落实省委、省政府的各项决策部署,坚持稳中求进、改革创新、提质增效的工作基调,围绕“建设丝绸之路经济带新起点”和“社会和谐、城市宜居”的新要求,以“五项重点工作” ( 渭北工业区建设、汉长安城遗址保护、秦岭北麓生态环境建设、“八水润西安”工程和公路交通枢纽建设)及“一高地六中心”(丝绸之路经济带开发开放高地以及金融商贸物流中心、机械制造业中心、能源储运交易中心、文化旅游中心、科技研发中心、高端人才培养中心)建设为抓手,全力稳定增长,着力调整结构,切实优化环境,积极扩大开放,持续改善民生,努力打造西安经济升级版,不断开创全面建设具有历史文化特色的国际化大都市的新局面。
自然地理:西安地处黄河流域中部的关中平原,中国地理版图中心。东西长约204公里,南北宽约116公里,平均海拔424米,境内最高点为周至县西南的太白山,海拔3767米。西安属暖温带半湿润的季风气候,四季分明,雨热同期,日光充足, 自然环境优越。年平均温度14.3摄氏度,降水约600mm,湿度69.6%,日照1377小时。 四季分明,雨量适宜,日照充足,自然环境优越,旅游资源得天独厚。
物产资源:西安素有“ 八水绕长安”之说,灞、浐、沣、涝、潏、滈、泾、渭八条河流绕城而过,灌溉条件便利,农业生产条件得天独厚,农作物、林木、畜禽种类繁多,秦川牛和关中驴享有盛誉。西安动植物资源丰富,列为国家保护的一类珍稀动物3种,二类保护动物4种。境内有自然保护区6处,保护面积 147.96万亩,野生植物138科、681属、2224种,其中经济价值较高的有1200种余,是我国种子植物的重要“基因库”之一。
西安有各类矿产资源54种,现已开发利用24种,优势矿产主要有黄金、建材类非金属等。
西安市荣誉称号:西安市先后荣获国家卫生城市、国家园林城市、全国创建文明城市工作先进城市、国际著名旅游目的地城市、中国优秀旅游城市、中国民营经济最具活力城市、中国十佳最具软实力城市、中国十佳和谐可持续发展城市、中国十大创新型城市、全国科技进步先进城市、国家知识产权示范城市、中国服务外包示范城市、十大中国最关爱民生城市、全国节水型社会建设示范市、20xx中国最具幸福感城市、20xx中国形象最佳城市、中国国际形象最佳城市、国家高技术产业基地、海外高层次人才创新创业基地等荣誉称号,同时,连续七次获得全国双拥模范城市荣誉称号;连续四届被评为全国社会治安综合治理优秀城市,连续两次荣获全国社会治安综合治理最高奖项“长安杯”。
篇14:西安房屋出租合同
合同编号:商业用房版第_____号
出租人(以下简称甲方):____________
承租人(以下简称乙方):____________
依据《中华人民共和国民法典》及相关法规、规章的规定,出租人与承租人在平等、自愿的基础上,就房屋租赁的有关事宜达成协议如下:
第一条甲方保证所出租的房屋符合国家对租赁房屋的有关规定。
第二条租赁房屋状况租赁房屋坐落于沈阳市________区(县)________街(路)________号,门牌号为__________,房产证号为_______________,楼房为____室____厅____卫____厨,平房为_______间,建筑面积为________平方米,使用面积为____________平方米,朝向为____________,设定抵押权的状况为__________________________________;该房屋现有装修详细情况及设施、设备情况见合同附件,该附件作为甲方按照本合同约定交付乙方使用和乙方在本合同租赁期满交还该房屋时的验收依据。甲方应在签订本合同后______日内按照乙方要求对房屋做如下改善:____________________________________________________,改善房屋的费用由甲方承担。
第三条甲方应提供房产证(或具有出租权的有效证明)、身份证明(营业执照)等文件,乙方应提供身份证明文件。双方验证后可复印对方文件备存。所有复印件仅供本次租赁使用。
第四条租赁用途与租赁期限租赁用途:乙方向甲方承诺,租赁该房屋仅作为_______________________________使用。该房屋租赁期共___个月。
自___年___月___日起至___年___月___日止;租赁期满,甲方有权收回出租房屋,乙方应如期交还;乙方如要求续租,则必须在租赁期满一个月之前书面通知甲方,经甲方同意后,重新签订租赁合同。
第五条租金及支付租金标准:____________元人民币/月(大写___万___仟___佰___拾___元人民币/月);租金总额为____________元人民币(大写___万___仟___佰___拾___元整)。租金支付方式为_________________________________________________________。甲方收款后应提供给乙方有效的收款凭证。
第六条租赁期间相关费用及税金
1、甲方应承担的费用:
(1)租赁期间,房屋和土地的产权税由甲方依法交纳。如果发生政府有关部门征收本合同中未列出项目但与该房屋有关的费用,应由甲方负担。
(2)甲方承担的其他费用:_____________________________________________________。
2、乙方交纳以下费用:
(1)______________(2)_______________(3)______________(4)______________
(5)______________(6)_______________(7)______________(8)______________
乙方应按时交纳自行负担的费用,甲方不得擅自增加本合同未明确由乙方交纳的费用。
第七条租赁期间有第三人对租赁房屋主张权利的,乙方应当及时通知出租人。
因第三人主张权利,影响乙方对租赁房屋使用、收益的,乙方可以要求减少相应的租金。
因不可归责于乙方的原因致使租赁房屋部分或全部毁损的,乙方可要求减少租金或不支付租金;因租赁房屋部分或全部毁损,致使不能实现合同目的的,乙方可以解除合同。
第八条房屋修缮与使用在租赁期内,甲方应保证出租房屋的使用安全,该房屋及所属设施的维修责任均由甲方负责(乙方使用不当除外,如因乙方使用不当造成房屋及设施损坏的,乙方应立即负责修复或经济赔偿);乙方向甲方提出维修请求后,甲方应及时提供维修服务,并提前通知乙方,乙方应积极协助配合。甲方(是/否)允许乙方对租赁房屋进行装修、改善或增设他物;装修、改善或增设他物的范围是:__________________________________________,对乙方的装修装饰部分甲方不负有修缮的义务。
租赁期限届满后,对租赁房屋的装修、改善、增设他物的处理方法为:__________________。
第九条房屋的转让与转租
1、租赁期间,甲方有权依照法定程序转让该出租的房屋,转让后,本合同对新的房屋所有人和乙方继续有效;租赁期内甲方出卖租赁房屋时,应当提前_____个月书面通知乙方,双方可协商解决后续问题。
如果乙方有购买意向,在同等条件下乙方享有优先于第三方购买的权利。
2、未经甲方同意,乙方不得转租、转借承租房屋。
第十条合同的变更、解除与终止
1、双方可以协商变更或终止本合同。
2、甲方有以下行为之一的,乙方有权解除合同:
(1)不能提供房屋或所提供房屋不符合约定条件,严重影响使用。
(2)甲方未尽房屋修缮义务,严重影响使用的。
3、房屋租赁期间,乙方有下列行为之一的,甲方有权解除合同,收回出租房屋:
(1)未经甲方书面同意,转租、转借承租房屋。
(2)未经甲方书面同意,拆改变动房屋结构。
(3)损坏承租房屋,在甲方提出的合理期限内仍未修复的。
(3)未经甲方书面同意,改变本合同约定的房屋租赁用途。
(4)利用承租房屋存放危险物品或进行违法活动。
(5)逾期未交纳按约定应当由乙方交纳的各项费用,已经给甲方造成严重损害的。
(6)拖欠房租累计_____日以上。
4、租赁期满前,乙方要继续租赁的,应当在租赁期满_____个月前书面通知甲方。如甲方在租期届满后仍要对外出租的,在同等条件下,乙方享有优先承租权。
5、租赁期满合同自然终止。
6、因不可抗力因素导致合同无法履行的,合同终止。
第十一条房屋交付及收回的验收
1、甲方应保证租赁房屋本身及附属设施、设备处于能够正常使用状态。
2、验收时双方共同参与,如对装修、器物等硬件设施、设备有异议应当场提出。
3、乙方应于房屋租赁期满后,将承租房屋及附属设施、设备交还甲方。
4、乙方交还甲方房屋应当保持房屋及设施、设备的完好状态,不得留存物品或影响房屋的正常使用;对未经同意留存的物品,甲方有权处置。
第十二条甲方违约责任
1、甲方因不能提供本合同约定的房屋而解除合同的,应支付乙方本合同租金总额的____%作为违约金。
2、如乙方要求甲方继续履行合同的,甲方每逾期交房一日,则每日应向乙方支付日租金_____倍的滞纳金;甲方还应承担因逾期交付给乙方造成的损失。
3、由于甲方怠于履行维修义务或情况紧急,乙方组织维修的,甲方应支付乙方费用或折抵租金,但乙方应提供有效凭证。
4、甲方违反本合同约定,提前收回房屋的,除应返还预收乙方的剩余租期的租金外,还应按照合同总租金的_____%向乙方支付违约金。
5、甲方因房屋权属瑕疵或非法出租房屋而导致本合同无效时,甲方应赔偿乙方损失。
第十三条乙方违约责任
1、租赁期间,乙方有下列行为之一的,甲方有权终止合同,收回该房屋,乙方应按照合同总租金的_____%向甲方支付违约金。
若支付的违约金不足弥补甲方损失的,乙方还应负责赔偿直至达到弥补全部损失为止。
(1)未经甲方书面同意,将房屋转租、转借给他人使用的;
(2)未经甲方书面同意,拆改变动房屋结构或损坏房屋;
(3)改变本合同规定的租赁用途或利用该房屋进行违法活动的;
(4)拖欠房租累计____个月以上的。
2、在租赁期内,乙方逾期交纳本合同约定应由乙方负担的费用的,每逾期一天,则应按该项费用总额的____%支付甲方滞纳金。
3、在租赁期内,乙方未经甲方同意,中途擅自退租的,乙方应该按合同总租金____%的额度向甲方支付违约金。若支付的违约金不足弥补甲方损失的,乙方还应承担赔偿责任。
4、乙方如逾期支付租金,每逾期一日,则乙方须按日租金的____倍支付滞纳金。
5、租赁期满,乙方应如期交还该房屋。乙方逾期归还,则每逾期一日应向甲方支付原日租金____倍的滞留金。乙方还应承担因逾期归还给甲方造成的损失。
第十四条免责条件
1、因不可抗力原因致使本合同不能继续履行或造成的损失,甲、乙双方互不承担责任。
2、因国家政策需要拆除或改造已租赁的房屋,使甲、乙双方造成损失的,互不承担责任。
3、因上述原因而终止合同的,租金按照实际使用时间计算,不足整月的按天数计算,多退少补。
4、不可抗力系指"不能预见、不能避免并不能克服的客观情况"。
第十五条本合同未尽事宜,经甲、乙双方协商一致,可订立补充条款。
补充条款及附件均为本合同组成部分,与本合同具有同等法律效力。
第十六条争议解决
本合同项下发生的争议,由双方当事人协商或申请调解;协商或调解解决不成的,按下列第_________种方式解决。
1、提请仲裁委员会仲裁;
2、依法向有管辖权的人民法院提起诉讼。
第十七条其他约定事项
1、________________________________;
2、________________________________。
第十八条本合同自双方签(章)之日起生效。
第十九条本合同及附件一式_____份,由甲、乙双方各执_____份;具有同等法律效力。
出租人(甲方)章:____________ 承租人(乙方)章:____________
住所:____________ 住所:____________
证照号码:____________ 证照号码:____________
法定代表人:____________ 法定代表人:____________
委托代理人:____________ 委托代理人:____________
电话:____________ 电话:____________
签约地点:____________
签约日期:__年_月_日
篇15:关于西安的导游词精选范文
尊敬的各位领导、各位来宾:
大家好!欢迎大家来到古城西安参加世界园艺博览会。我是接待指挥部国内接待二组的,很高兴为大家服务,希望通过我的介绍和大家的参观,西安这座千年古都和西安世园会给各位留下美好的记忆!
西安古称长安,是中华民族历史文化的重要发祥地,也是人类文明发达最早的地区之一,西安有着3100多年的建城史和1100多年的国都史,是中国建都最早、朝代最多、历时最长的古都,也是世界著名的历史文化名城和国际旅游城市。
今天的西安以深厚的历史文化底蕴、众多的文化名胜古迹、秀美的自然景色风光和浓郁的传统民俗风情,吸引着世人的目光,每年有5000多万人次的境内游客和100多万人次的境外游客,前来寻古探幽、观光览胜,许多国家元首和政府首脑都把访问中国的第一站选在了西安。
人们都说,走进西安,就像走进了中国历史的博物馆:名胜古迹星罗棋布;稀世文物灿若星辰。金匾丹青赏心悦目;古槐青砖意境深邃,一座城市简直就是一部流动的历史。
西安有重点文物保护单位314处,其中国家和省级重点文物保护单位106处,古遗址和帝王贵胄陵寝4000多处,出土文物12万余件。这里荟萃着以蓝田猿人、半坡村为代表的华夏文明的曙光,以丰
镐都城、精美青铜器为代表的周文化,以咸阳城、阿房宫、秦始皇陵及兵马俑坑为代表的大秦文化,以汉长安城,丝绸之路起点、阳陵为代表的强汉文化,以大明宫、大雁塔、曲江池、法门寺为代表的盛唐文化,这一切构成了华夏文明由形成到发展并走向强盛的核心历史。
西安自信、开放、大气和包容的人文气质,造就了各种宗教汇集发展的局面,在佛教八大宗派中,有六大宗派的祖庭都在西安;作为西安标志性古建筑的大雁塔,是唐代高僧玄奘存放并翻译从西域带回的佛教经卷之地;珍藏有佛祖释迦摩尼真身指骨舍利的法门寺文化景区,被誉为“世界佛都”;西安化觉寺,是世界上唯一的中国式伊斯兰寺院,道家始祖老子著书讲经的楼观台,被誉为“天下第一福地”。
华夏故都,山水之城,充满人文底蕴的西安,还有着更加迷人的生态和自然之美。
西安有巍峨壮丽、峰峦叠嶂、资源丰富的秦岭山脉,不仅是西安的绿色宝库,也是中国的中央公园和南北气候的分水岭。在这道美丽的风景线上,有险峻挺拔、号称五岳之首的西岳华山,有以温泉汤池而闻名天下的临潼骊山,有四季葱绿而内藏珍稀的终南山,有以六月积雪不化堪称奇观的太白山,它们共同形成了一道天然而独特的秀美景群。近年来,西安周边形成了大片的绿色生态林带,曲江新区和滻灞生态区有了宽广清澈的湖面,水域面积达2.2万余亩,“八水绕长安,翠绿满皇都”的美景再现于世。
西安记录着盛世之文明,也不断创造着新的梦想。宏大的“唐皇城复兴计划”正顺利实施,不断建设的旅游新景区让书中的历史走
出来,让地下的历史站起来,让往昔的峥嵘岁月重现出来。曲江池遗址公园、唐城墙遗址公园和大慈恩寺遗址公园三大主题遗址公园的建成开放,重现了盛唐景象。大雁塔北广场有亚洲最大的音乐喷泉,大唐芙蓉园皇家园林建筑和大型水景表演、大唐不夜城的中央雕塑景观、步行街和文化场馆更是一派大唐繁华景象。大明宫遗址公园曾是一座唐代规模最大、最为辉煌壮丽的宫殿,总面积相当于北京紫禁城的三倍。
西安是民俗风情之都,到户县看看农民画,到百年老戏院易俗社听听秦腔,到书院门仿古街淘淘字画和文房四宝,真是令人悠哉游哉;西安是美食之都,闲暇之余,还可以走一走民坊,逛一逛古街,尽享一下吃在西安的无尽乐趣。
4月28日—10月22日以“天人长安.创意自然——城市与自然和谐共生”为主题的世界园艺博览会在西安滻灞生态区举行,西安以绿色引领时尚的风情精彩亮相,全世界的目光会又一度聚焦滻灞,聚集西安。
西安有时像一位饱经沧桑的老人,有时,西安又像青春少女一样年轻。今天的西安现有普通高等院校37所和8 所军事院校,博士点334个,硕士点826个,是国家重要的科研、教育和工业基地。被评为国家级卫生城市和最具幸福感的城市,已经成为西部地区重要的中心城市。西安现辖9区4县,总面积10108平方公里,拥有人口840万。
西安根据自身经济社会发展的需要,确定了高新技术、装备制造、旅游、现代服务业、文化等五大主导产业,形成了高新技术产业开发区、经济技术开发区、曲江新区、滻灞生态区、沣渭新区、国际港务区和西安国家航空产业基地、西安国家民用航天产业基地的“五区一港两基地”的发展格局,经济社会保持了快速增长的良好态势。20xx年全市生产总值3241.49亿元,财政总收入510.69亿元,社会消费品零售总额1611亿元,达到历史最好水平。
西安是神秘的,也是开放的,作为中国的古都之首,它是中国历史的底片、中国文化的名片和中国精神的芯片。在经历了3100多年沉沉浮浮的发展变迁之后,又肩负着中华民族辉煌、光荣的梦想。
古都仪象和现代气息,交融并蓄在西安的胸襟之中。历史瑰宝和时代宏图,交相辉映在西安的大地之上。在这里,古老和现代相互和谐,传统和创新相互和谐,发展和保护相互和谐,人和自然、人和人相互和谐。科学的发展观给城市注入新的生机和活力,西安正在向着国际化大都市的目标,步履坚定的迈向美好的明天。
篇16:关于西安钟楼的导游词
西安钟楼,建于明太祖朱元璋洪武十七年(公元1384年),为砖木结构,重楼三层檐,四角攒顶的形式,总高36米,每边长35.5米,占地面积1377平方米,内有楼梯可盘旋而上。在檐上覆盖有深绿色琉璃瓦,楼内贴金彩绘,画栋雕梁,顶部有鎏金宝顶,金碧辉煌。以它为中心辐射出东、南、西、北四条大街并分别与明城墙东、南、西、北四门相接。
欣赏编钟所奏的乐曲以及仿古舞蹈。曲目有民乐《登楼曲》,长安古乐《奉金杯》、《摇门栓》,名曲《春江花月夜》,古曲《飞天》、《大登殿》,编钟独奏《茉莉花》,以及《秦腔曲牌》。每日六场演出,时间分别为上午9:00、10:30、11:30、15:00、16:00、17:00 ,每场四首滚动演出,表演时间10-15分钟。
钟鼓楼表演除每日固定时间外,团体欣赏可提前预约,加场演出时间为晚19:00-22:00。
篇17:赴西安进行古城文物调研的考察报告_考察报告_网
我协会全体成员于2012年9月29日在陕西省西安市附近进行文物保护调查研究,先后调查了乾陵博物馆、兵马俑博物馆和华清宫,10月5日完成调查。
乾陵位于陕西省乾县,西安市附近地区。在乾县,我们首先去参观了永泰公主墓。由于乾陵并未被真正的开发过,所以大多数乾陵出土的文物都出自于永泰公主墓及其附近几座太子墓穴。文物主要有壁画,石雕,珍贵文物(唐三彩)等,有很高的历史及艺术价值,是我国珍贵的史料。初进入永泰公主墓,我们就被周围的环境所震慑了。炎热的夏日,蝉鸣声不绝于耳,可墓中却格外的凉爽,周围的壁画线条流畅,颜色绚丽,虽然与我们有着历史的阻隔,却又好似触手可及,贴近历史的感觉使我们每个人都屏息凝视,叹为观止。慢慢走进墓中,周围有小的洞穴,存放着陪葬的陶俑,陶器,虽然灯光很灰暗,因为有关单位的开发保护,还是能很清晰地看到生动的人物表情和行为举止,使我们了解那个时代的风土人情。最后走进的就是主墓穴,陈放着永泰公主的棺木。黑青色的石板,一块一块堆积成样式精美的棺木,上面的雕刻是他就像是崭新的近代工艺品,棺木保存良好,刻纹中的花鸟兽都非常的清晰可辨。房檐式的设计使棺木脱离了死板、沉寂的特点,反而有种家的归属感,灵巧、美观。在这样的历史文物面前,我们每个人都很渺小。可是我们看到,有些观光者就在墙壁、房檐上刻下自己的名字、愿望。我觉得很悲凉,这些古老的文物,即使它们是没有生命的,没有价值的,但他似乎也像一个苍老的长辈,多少为能工巧匠为它付了汗水,甚至是生命,智慧。我们参观应该带有尊敬它,尊敬古人,尊敬我们民族人民的思想,我们卑微的愿望又怎能值得一提呢?我们对这种现象的调查分析是,有关单位给予的重视程度并不够,监察力度小,没有准确的惩罚方案及措施,才使得宝贵的遗产被留下了烙印。我们倍感痛心,有良知和爱国情感的人们都倍感痛心,不知那些破坏者是否有所痛感呢?乾陵属于国家四a及重点旅游景区,但是经过我们的考察,我们认为乾陵的设施过于陈旧,开发过与简陋,客流量过少。我们应该在经济许可的条件下,加大投资力度,争取使乾陵也成为游人万千的旅游景区,吸引外来投资的地区。
乾陵的山下曾经被八国联军洗劫过,他们能带走的东西都带走了,不能带走的也毁坏了,其中六十一藩臣像和守陵的瓮仲投向很多都被损毁,只有极个别的幸运儿保存下来。我们看到都十分的痛心,转念想想,我们的文物我们有些自己国民都不懂得爱护,更何况是那些强盗般的掠夺者呢?我们应该自己首先做好保护文物的工作,自觉律己,那样才能够来管治他人。
乾陵是女皇帝武则天和她丈夫唐高宗的墓穴,使我唯一没被发现但是没有被盗的墓穴,至今没有被开发。原因有两个,首先,我国的科技并不够发达,在给墓穴通风痛氧前没有很好的防腐措施,不能随意开发,防止墓穴遭到无畏的破坏;其次,我国的经济也不算发达,开发乾陵需要投入大量的资产,我们要争取少投入,多受益,质量高,这是很难做到的,这也是乾陵没有被盗取的原因。日本曾经愿意投资我国帮助开发乾陵,条件是乾陵开发后日本国获得收益的百分之六十。民族自尊心强烈的中国自民又怎能同意这种有辱国体的要求呢?这是日本人的一个不可能达成梦想而已,但独立开发乾陵并不是中国人一个不可达成的梦想,这一天早晚都回来到,我们有强烈的爱国精神为动力,亿万人民为基础,即使不依靠他国,也能够达成。尽管乾陵现在还是一座山,但是他总会在我们国民的努力下成为举世瞩目的历史遗产。郭沫若先生对周恩来总理说过,如果乾陵被开发,那么他很有可能就是世界的第九大奇迹,我们期待这一天的到来。
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篇18:西安优秀导游词
Dear tourists
How do you do!
Welcome to the ancient city of Xian. Im your tour guide. My family nameis Xu. Please call me director Xu. The first scenic spot to visit today is theterracotta warriors and horses, one of the world heritage sites. The scenic spotis located in Lintong, Xian. Our bus also goes to Lintong. The journey is about40 minutes. I want to mention Lintong in Xian. You must think of theunparalleled toilet of Qin soldiers in the world. OK, we have arrived at QinShihuang mausoleum now. Please get off in order. Do you know the origin of theterracotta warriors and horses of the Qin Dynasty? In the previous dynasties,emperors were buried with living people when they died. Later, in the QinDynasty, a minister said to Qin Shihuang, "in the previous dynasties, livingpeople were buried with them. I dont think its proper for you to do this. Letthe craftsmen build a clay army. How about your invincible army? "Qin Shihuangthought this idea was very good, so he agreed. In fact, if it had not been forthe nod of Qin Shihuang at that time, we would not have seen the magnificentTerracotta Army today. The terra cotta warriors and horses are of great scale.At present, three terracotta pits have been excavated, covering a total area ofnearly 20000 square meters, about the size of 50 basketball courts. There areabout 8000 terracotta warriors and horses in the pits.
Now we come to the No.1 pit, which is also the largest of the three pits.It is 230 meters long from east to west and 62 meters wide from north to south,with a total area of 14260 square meters. You can see that the total area of thethree pits is more than half! Since the area is so large, the number is alsovery large, there are more than 6000. A huge arched hall has been built on thetop of pit No.1. We can go into the hall and enjoy it carefully. We should alsopay attention to safety when touring. Please see, the figure with big body, hat,armor, sword and high head is the general figurine. Some of them areself-confident and have bright eyes. At first glance, they know that they areexperienced in the battlefield and shoulder heavy responsibilities. Some of themare nodding and thinking, as if they are thinking about defeating the enemy ifthey fight. Its full of generals. Then look at the warriors. They are allstrong and strong. They are wearing war robes and armor, and their feet are onthe front of their boots. It seems that they are waiting for the bugle. Then wecontinue to look at the terracotta cavalry figures. We can see that they arewearing short armor, tight trousers, boots, rein in the right hand and bow andarrow in the left hand. It seems that they are ready to mount at any time.During the war, there must be a group of good horses. Looking ahead, the potteryhorses are the same size as the real horses, and they are strong. That eager totry, if you give an order, you will spread your hooves, soar into the air andjump on the journey. Whether they are generals, warriors or cavalry, they allseem to be making up their minds to fight for the unification of the Qin state.Even Tao Ma seems to be planning to be loyal to his country. When he walks intoit, he seems to feel the breath of love The terracotta warriors and horses ofQin Dynasty are unique in the history of sculpture at all times. It vividlyreproduced the grand momentum of the Qin army with millions of soldiers andthousands of chariots, and vividly demonstrated the powerful power and heroicspirit of the Chinese nation.
Dear tourists, time flies. Todays journey of Qin Bing and Ma Neng has cometo an end. Now we are ready to leave for our hotel!
篇19:关于陕西西安古城墙的导游词
各位游客:
首先我们参观的是有壮阔气势的明城墙。我们眼前的城墙是明时的。明太祖朱元璋认为“如江山永固,非深沟高垒,内储外备,不能为安。”于是从明洪武三年(公元1370年)下诏修城开始动工,历时8年完工,是在隋唐京城的皇城基础上,向东、向北各扩建了4分之1上修筑而成的,形成了今天的城墙。现在我们看到的西安城墙是一个东西长,南北短的长方形,周长13.79公里,面积11.5平方公里。是一个功能设计周密,形制宏伟的军事防御设施。下来我给大家分别将西安城墙各部分的建筑构造既城防作用一一作以介绍:
首先我们看见的是护城河,也叫“城壕”,它是阻止敌人进攻的第一道防线。横跨护城河上唯一的通道就是我们眼前的的吊桥。吊桥在过去由守护城门士兵掌管,他们听从“晨钟暮鼓”的指挥定时升降。一旦有战事来临,吊桥就被高高生起,整个城市就成为一个封闭的战斗堡垒。刚才有朋友问在那里控制吊桥,这也就是我们下面要来参观的城门,上面是闸楼,即控制吊桥升降之处。城门是防御设施相当重要的一个环节,那么现在请大家跟随我进入城门,来了解西安城墙的另外一个组成部分。
事实上完善的城门是由闸楼、箭楼、正楼组成。我们看到的最外面的就是有闸楼,它最主要的作用就是控制吊桥的升降,并且也具有夜间打更的作用。闸楼是两层悬山式结构,虽然形式十分简洁,但有着举足轻重的作用。这是城市的二道防线。
前面能看到的那座建筑是箭楼。箭楼共有箭窗66孔,形成了一个扇型的攻击面,士兵可凭窗居高临下杀伤敌人。
在闸楼与箭楼之间,形成的半月形的空间,我们叫做瓮城。它的作用在于如果敌人攻入城门后,进入瓮城,这时会受到瓮城上4面居高临下的攻击,犹如瓮中捉鳖。
我们所能看见对面的建筑是正楼,正楼是西安城墙最里层的建筑。正楼建筑形式为重檐歇山式,是主将战时坐镇指挥守城的指挥所。
高大的城门,城门是敌我双方交战的薄弱环节,也是统治者苦心经营的防御重点。明代修筑城墙时,十分重视城门的防御功能。其中他们有一个非常大的技术突破,打破了西汉开始沿用了1520xx年之久的“过梁式”城门,这种门最大的缺点是经不起火攻,所以就有了“城门失火,殃及迟鱼”的典故。明代城门采用的是券拱式的门洞,可以有效的抵御火攻,所以大大提高了城墙的防御能力。西安城墙门从上到下横箍着9道宽15厘米的铁条,上钉1800个蘑菇钉,加强了门扇的强度,使箭矢无法射入门中,从而加强了城门对抗进攻的能力。这是城墙的第三道防线。
我们可以见到城门上有永宁门几个字。在明西安城墙的东、西、南、北面各有一座城门。南门曰永宁门,意思是南方是火神所在地,就是向火神祷告,不起火灾,永保安宁。东门名长乐门,因明都城南京位于西安东面,“长乐”二字带有祈祝大明江山万年不衰,长久欢乐之愿望。西门为安定门,暗示西部边疆安泰康定。北门名安远门,意指北部边塞长远安定,不起战乱。
现在我们就登上城墙,来感受他壮阔的气势。城墙的最底层是用石灰、黄土、糯米汁搅拌夯打而成,干燥之后,坚硬如石。历史上对城墙曾多次维修,有两次最有名。第一次是在明隆庆二年(公元1568年),当时的陕西巡抚张祉在城墙底顶面和外壁都包砌了青砖,使整个城墙显得壮阔和雄伟。清乾隆年间,当时的陕西巡抚毕沅又对城墙进行了大规模的维修、加固,将包砖增厚,铺设海墁,并增修排水系统。城墙顶上的这个平面就是海墁,它是城上调兵谴将的通道,用三合土垫底,上面铺有两层城砖而成,即可便利于城上交通,又可防止雨水下渗。海墁从外向内有5度的倾斜面,可将雨水迅速导入城内侧的排水槽,有效的保护了墙体不被水浸泡,起到了保护墙体的作用。城墙每相隔40—60米一个有排水槽,它们为砖石结构,附贴在城墙内侧,从墙顶直达墙下,与沟渠相通。西安城墙之所以保存至今,这套完整的排水系统起到了很大的作用。
为了保证士兵及车马在城上行走安全,在墙顶内沿建有宇墙。为了了望方便,在外沿上又筑有垛墙。在垛墙的底部的方孔,又叫悬眼是士兵可向外窥察、射击的地方。
沿城墙外侧有向外突出的实心墩台叫做敌台,俗称马面。在城墙上共有98座。各敌台相距120米,这个距离和过去的武器是有关系的,120米的中点是60米,恰是弓箭、飞钩、滚木等武器的有效射程,它的出现使士兵作战视野开阔,战术运用灵活。一旦敌人攻城,会受到来自城墙和左右敌台、敌楼三方面的射击。构成了一个立体交叉火力网,大大的提高了城墙的战斗力和防御功能。
在城墙的四个转角处有角楼。值得一提的是,除西南角为圆形角台外,其它三个角台均为方形,为何只有这一角台为圆形的呢?明城墙是在唐长安城基础上向东北扩建三分之一而成的,它的西南角,正好是唐皇城的一个城角,因唐皇城城角为圆形,所以就维持了原状。
以上就是我带大家参观的明代城墙,下面我们去了解一下另外的明代建筑,钟楼和鼓楼。钟和鼓是中国最早出现的打击乐器,两三千年前,钟和鼓是用来祭祀和宴享的礼器和乐器,到了汉代,尤其是五胡十六国和魏晋南北朝时期,钟和鼓被用做军旅指挥的信号和军乐。到了唐代的就有了报时的功能,正如文人墨客在诗中描述的“将则鸡人报晓时,尚疑方近翠云秋。“还有“六街鼓绝行人歇,九曲茫茫空有月。”描绘的就是人们闻钟声而起,闻鼓声而息的情况,这就是大家常说的“晨钟暮鼓”。钟楼和鼓楼上的钟和鼓都是明代,所以它们自然也都有报时的功能。钟楼和鼓楼建于明代,西安是明代的军事重镇,钟鼓楼无论从建筑特色、还是艺术价值,都居于同类建筑之冠。
朋友们,我们首先来钟楼。钟楼位于市中心东、西、南、北四条大街的交汇处,有“天下第一钟楼”之誉。要了解钟楼,就要从钟说起。真正钟楼上的钟是唐景云年间的“景云钟”,它是一口六吨重的铜钟。它是以钟乳来调节音律,声音洪亮悠扬,中央人民广播电台的新年钟声便是原来悬挂在钟楼上“景云钟”钟声的录音。当时钟楼的位置并不在现在的地方,那么它在哪儿呢?钟楼最初的位置在鼓楼以西的“迎祥观”内,安史之乱时,“迎祥观”和钟楼毁于一旦。公元1384年,明朝政府重新修建了一座钟楼,就是我们现在看到的这座钟楼。随着经济的发展,西安城不断的扩建,钟楼就偏于城西,不在居于城市中心了。在这种情况下,公元1582年明政府就将钟楼迁移至今天的位置。据碑文记载,“楼唯柱基外,一无改创”。也就是说,除了新筑楼基外,其他都是原件原样。大家可以想象一下,6万立方米的巨型建筑,要进行整体的拆迁复原,没有高超的组织安装,没有严密的工程组织是很难实现的。所以这也是我们16世纪建筑史上一次划时代的创举。钟楼也因此更加提升了它的艺术价值。大家回头看立柱上有一幅楹联,“钟号景云鸣彩凤,楼雄川口锁金鳌。”说的就是钟楼拆迁的一个神话传说,更给钟楼增添了神秘色彩。
不过钟楼拆迁后,钟就敲不响了,很多人说是神物有灵,其实是钟房有问题。它中间高,四周下倾,重檐覆盖,好象给钟戴了个帽子,戴翁以呼,声音当然不能传的很久远。后把钟就放到了屋外。最后以明成化年间所铸的一口铁钟取代,大家现在看到的这口钟是近年复修的,原钟现在收藏在西安碑林博物馆。当然我们今天敲钟已不在是为了报时,而是为了祈福,企求我们的生活平安如意,美满幸福。大家若有兴趣,不妨也敲几下。
好了朋友们,让我们回过头来欣赏钟楼的建筑吧。钟楼高36米,分别由基座、楼身、楼顶三部分组成,四面正对四个方向,开东西南北四个券洞。钟楼上下两层每一层都以“斗拱”作为装饰,它是中国古代木结构建筑上的一种特有的构件,一方面起到了装饰作用,一方面它可以根据力学原理,形成力的均匀负荷,“斗拱”用在屋檐下可以使屋顶的出檐加大,用在梁枋两端下面,则可以减小梁枋的跨度,加大梁枋的承受力。同时“斗拱”的数量还可以显示出这种建筑的规格和等级来。钟楼采用的四角攒尖式,对角线构筑,覆以琉璃瓦,屋角微微上翘,这种形制按文人的描述“如鸟思阁,如喙思飞”,就好比展翅飞翔的鸟。象钟楼这种出檐3层的,我们把它叫重檐三滴水,这种形制不但可以增加建筑的美观,还能减少雨水顺而下落时对建筑的冲击力。
钟楼不但整体气势恢弘,细部也十分精美。大家现在看到的格子门,门扉上都有木刻浮雕,内容有声动感人的民间传说、回味无穷的历史故事,楼上楼下加起来共有64幅,如我们熟悉的“八仙过海、踏雪寻梅、长生殿盟誓”等。
了解完了钟楼 ,下面我们将要参观的是与钟楼遥相呼应的鼓楼。
鼓楼距离钟楼只有250 米,它建于公元1380年,鼓楼要比钟楼大的多。鼓楼高34米,基座呈长方形,。现在它的南北两面还各开高为6米的十字型券洞,一直到今天还是交通要道。它的北面还有著名的小吃街。
鼓楼上曾用来报时的大鼓已不知去向,1996年西安市文物局投巨资制作了一面大鼓,就是我们大家现在看到的着面“闻天鼓”。这面大鼓的鼓面是用整张牛皮蒙制的,声音深厚洪亮,重棰之下,十里可闻,这面大鼓已经申报进入了世界基尼斯大全,所以今天来的朋友们都非常的幸运,因为大家看到了世界上最大的鼓。
鼓楼的南北两侧檐下,过去曾悬挂着两幅巨匾额,南面为“文武盛地”。文王、武王时期,天下和平安泰、国富民强,说明了西安古往今来的发达昌盛。北面匾文“声闻于天”,典故是《诗经》中“鹤鸣九皋、声闻于天”。两幅巨匾犹如画龙点睛,使鼓楼生气盎然,为这座古建筑增添了不少光彩,遗憾的是这两块巨匾,在十年浩劫中已被毁坏,现在的匾额按照原有历史资料恢复的。
以上就是我们今天参观的明城墙、钟鼓楼。这些建筑记录了西安沧海桑田的历史,也铭刻了西安人心中的悲怆与骄傲。他们作为历史古迹,就象陈年的老酒,使人心醉,让人回味。
篇20:关于西安的导游词精选范文
西安,古称“长安”,是举世闻名的世界四大文明古都之一,居中国古都之首,是中国历史上建都时间最长、建都朝代最多、影响力最大的都城,我从课本中、电视中、网络中看到了许许多多关于西安的故事,那里还有我梦寐以求的秦始皇兵马俑。今年,我终于可以到西安看那向往以久的秦始皇兵马俑了。
刚进入西安市,就看到那宏伟壮观钟楼、鼓楼在古城墙的衬托下更加引人注目。在接下来的几天里,我们还游玩了大唐芙蓉园、大雁塔、陕西省历史博物馆、大明宫等8个景点,在大明宫,我见识到了大唐盛世的辉煌;在历史博物馆,我了解到我们泱泱中华的历史变迁;在芙蓉园,我领略到了现代文明的飞速发展。而最让我记忆犹新的就是那让人叹为观止的被世界誉为“八大奇迹之一”的秦始皇兵马俑了。
秦始皇兵马俑那神秘的面纱在导游阿姨的讲解中一点点被揭开。原来,秦兵马俑是当时西杨村农民在村南打井时发现的。后来考古学家们才发掘出了现在的一号坑、二号坑、三号坑。在这三个坑中属一号坑最大,坑内的陶人陶马,井然有序地排列成环形方阵。这些陶武士俑,有面部神态、服式、发型各不相同,形态逼真,个个栩栩如生。那些陶马有的双耳竖立,有的张嘴嘶鸣,有的闭嘴静立。生动再现了秦始皇当年浩荡大军的威风凛凛,气壮山河的景象。导游阿姨还告诉我们,其实当年的兵马俑各个都有鲜艳和谐的颜色。我们发掘过程中发现有的陶俑刚出土时局部还保留着鲜艳的颜色,但是出土后由于被氧气氧化,颜色不到十秒钟瞬间消尽,化作白灰。现在能看到的只是残留的彩绘痕迹。而且由于现有的科学技术不能很好的保护兵马俑,现在已经有大部分的兵马俑被回填了,真的希望在不久的将来,科学技术的发展能够让兵马俑完美的展现在我们的眼前。