简单好背的英文导游词【汇集20篇】

Tourists friends, everybody! Welcome to the world heritage - huangshan scenic area. Very glad to be a tour guide! My name is Tian Huicong, everybody call me field guide.

As the saying goes: "its return from mountain, mount huangshan return from yue." Huangshan pines, rocks, sea of clouds, hot spring, snow "five greats" famous Chinese and foreign. Today I will give everyone focuses on huangshan pines.

Everyone see, huangshan pine trees can survive in rock seam, strong vitality. Their shapes, the intricacies of: black tiger, African, come loose loose knot, welcoming pine and so on, a lot of pine trees because they shape the name! Huangshan welcoming pine is one of the famous scenic spot, shape is special, its central trunk out of the two lateral branch of up to 7.6 meters exhibition to the front, like a hospitable host, waved his arms, warmly welcome guests from home and abroad to visit huangshan, become the symbol of the Chinese people warm hospitality. Later we can over there to take photos, as a souvenir.

The wonders of huangshan said also said not over, see also not enough. Now, please enjoy to enjoy the beautiful scenery of huangshan! Please dont throw the peel and in play and food packaging bags, not to a dangerous place.

I wish you all have fun!

Tourist friends, you are good, welcome you to the north sea park visit tour.

When you walk into the royal garden with a history of nearly one thousand years, when you look at the beautiful white pagoda fairyland feeling beautiful, eager to want to walk into the garden to enjoy the north sea scenery, I suggest you stop to stay, in a few minutes of your time, listen to me introduce with an overview of the north sea park, do a tour guide for you.

Beihai park is the oldest and one of the best-preserved imperial garden. This has nearly one thousand years of history of garden development began in the liao, in conjunction with the first year (AD 938), Jin Dading six years to 19 years (1166-1179) the sejong yan hong harmony (not ng y) and build up a scale on the basis of the liao start-up grand royal detached palace - so the kremlin. So the kremlin lineage Chinese royal garden "a pool of three mountains" regulation, that is, the north sea and China shipping is too liquid pool, jade island such as "penglai", TuanCheng as "ying ying, continent", China shipping rhinoceros (x) and mountain like "abbot". And will the bian city gen (gen) yue palace garden of taihu and moved the jade island. To yuan four years (AD 1267), back most of Kublai Khan construction, will be designated as emperor jade island and the lake, longevity hill, too fluid pool name. In the eighteenth year of yongle (AD 1420) Ming dynasty moved the capital Beijing, longevity hill, too fluid pool become YuYuan west of the Forbidden City, according to the west. From the west in the Ming dynasty, qing dynasty emperor qianlong seven years - 44 years (AD 1742-1779) to massive rebuilding of the north sea, laid the scale and structure of ever since.

After the xinhai revolution in 1925, the north sea park opening to the outside world. After the founding of new China, the party and the government to protect the beihai park, are of the utmost importance to dial a huge sum of money to repair, published by the state council in 1961 as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

The north sea is the art of Chinese historical gardens masterpiece. Dominated covers an area of 690000 square meters (including the surface area of 390000 square meters), is mainly composed of jade island, east and north shore scenic spot.

Walked by the white marble carving yongan bridge, through the heap of cloud arched, you came to the jade island. Jade verdant trees on the island, temple comb (zhi) than, pavilions, strewn at random have send, white tower stands a mountain, as the symbol of the park. Walk into YongAnSi entrance, pick up order and you can get on white pagoda. Ons spectacular YongAnSi when I will arrive in your details. You walk down the white tower along the island on foot, you can enjoy some beautiful scenery. On the west side, where there is famous "read ancient building" three memory hall include, it is famous in the worlds most famous calligraphy integration. Northwest surrounded by a group of lake promenade, north hillside, visible to the legend of qin and han dynasties relics "copper bearing dew dish"; At the foot of the mountain on the east side is QiongDao spring Yin tablet, it is one of the famous old Beijing yanjing eight sights. "Half moon city" which is also called prajnaparamita incense holders, built in dongpo mountain; Below is "prajnaparamita arched", "mountain bridge accompanied fold and came to the north east coast scenic spot.

Lake with Beijings oldest dock; Along the east coast of the sequences of the weeping willows with a famous scenic spot -- city which, original lent.

Between city which is a horseshoe hill into the pool, in the artificial construction of royal garden shows its unique delight. By between city which is the original north zhai, the famous ancient tree -- Tang Huai among them, the original monastery with its quiet, quiet and tastefully laid out and the famous Chinese and foreign in the garden. The original lent Simon can see the entrance to the qing dynasty "silkworm first altar". Starting with silkworm altar north across the bridge to the west to reach the north scenic spot.

North shore scenic area from the east side to the west is full of attractions: the east has lent to meditation - called "qianlong garden", the great buddhist paradise spots there are buddhist paradise monasteries lama temple buildings, arched, "great", "China CangJie" gold-rimmed nanmu built "the great halls of goodness as", nine dragon screen and other buildings; Southwest of nine dragon screen is "quick snow hall", "iron" screen, and then to the west you can see the north sea in the five dragon pavilions, (ch) m: n f temple, the buddhist paradise, and many other famous attractions.

Small buddhist paradise heaven temple out toward the south, and from the north sea park garden, Simon might ride back to jade island yacht by the south gate out of the garden.

Hong kuo momentum of eclecticism, north sea garden has the north gardens and jiangnan graceful and restrained the charm of the spectacular private gardens, and magnificent imperial palaces and religious temple solemn, diversity and one integrated mass, is the treasure of the Chinese garden art. You every to a scenic, I will be with you, for you to do a more detailed explanation.

嗨!大家好，我是阳光旅行社的金牌导游庞梓月，今天就由我来给大家介绍一下承德的避暑山庄。请大家跟随我开始进入山庄，大家一定要跟紧我的步伐，不然听不到我的讲解会很遗憾的。

承德避暑山庄是世界文化遗产，全国重点文物保护单位，中国四大名园之一。是清代皇帝夏天避暑和处理政务的场所。避暑山庄始建于1720xx年，历经清康熙、雍正、乾隆三朝，耗时89年建成。避暑山庄主要分为宫殿区和苑景区两部分。下面我们重点来介绍一下宫殿区。

宫殿区位于湖泊南岸，占地10万平方米，地形平坦，是皇帝处理朝政、举行庆典和生活起居的地方，这里景色丰富，群山环绕，草翠花开，与其它园林相比，有其独特的风格。宫殿的建筑显得非常的气派。

宫殿区游览完毕，在我们的右侧的景区是苑景区，这个景区可分成湖区、平原区和山区三部分。主要是一片片草地和树林，山庄里面还有好几座大庙，大小湖泊八处，还有八个小岛屿，这个苑景区也是我个人最喜欢的景区。有山有水景色非常美。适合老人和孩子在景区中慢慢游玩。

听了我的讲解，你们肯定觉得我们国家劳动人民的在那个年代是多么聪明和勤劳，你们肯定也有自己最喜欢的景区，接下来你们可以自由活动，在自己喜欢的景区里面多游玩一会。我的讲解到这里就结束了，希望通过我的讲解，你们对承德避暑山有新的了解和见识。谢谢大家!

The famous West Lake is like a brilliant pearl embedded in the beautifuland fertile shores of the East China Sea near the mouth of the Hangzhou Bay. Thelake covers an area of 5.6 square kilometers. The view of the West Lake issimply enchanting, which offers many attractions for tourists at home andabroad.

Tiger-running Spring

The legend goes that two tights ran there and made a hole where a springgushed out. The Longjing Tea and the Tiger-running Spring water are alwaysreputed as the "Two Wonders of the West Lake". The Lingyin Monastery

The Lingyin Monastery, or the Monastery of Soul’s Retreat, is a famoushistorical site of the West Lake. Here exists the Lingyin Monastery, a famousancient temple in China, in front of which there are Feilai Peak, Cold Spring,Longhong Cave and precious rock cave arts and queer and varied natural caves andgullies.

Spring Dawn at Su Causeway

It’s a 2.8 km. long boulevard cutting across the south-north scenic area,and lined with trees and flowering plants. When Spring comes with crimson peachblossoms and green willows; the scenery is all the more charming. Strollingalong the boulevard, one feels as if the West Lake were wakening in dawn mist.Young willows were ethereal, spring breeze so caressing, and birds were chirpingin unison.

The Moon Reflected in Three Pools

"There are islands in the lake and three are lake on the islands." Thethree stone towers were first built in Yuanyou 4th year (1089) of the SongDynasty, with the wonderful scenery of "one moon in the sky having threereflection in the lake", it is one of the wonderful scenes of the West Lake.Notes:

1. West Lake 西湖

2. Tiger-running Spring 虎跑泉

3. The Lingyin Monastery 灵隐寺

4. Spring Dawn at Su Causeway 苏堤春晓

5. The Moon Reflected in Three Pools 三潭印月

Shenyang Zhaoling Mausoleum of the Qing Dynasty:

Hi, good morning everyone, welcome to Shenyang Zhaol-ing Mausoleum of theQing Dynasty. I’m your tour guide, Vickey. I wish you guys can have a wonderfultime with us and make a lot of friends during this trip.

Zhaoling mausoleum is located in the northern suburb of Shenyang, alsoknown as North mausoleum. It is the mauso-leum of the second emperor of the Qingdynasty, HuangTaiJi and his empress. It is the largest and most magnificent oneof three Imperial Mausoleums in Qing dynasty, and is also one of the mostcompleted existing ancient imperial Mauso-leum building groups in stock. In20__, the UNESCO (Unit-ed Nations Educational, Scientific and CulturalOrganiza-tion) officially listed Shen Yang Zhaoling mausoleum as the WorldHeritage.

HuangTaiJi is the eighth son of the first emperor Nurhachi of Qing dynasty.He, who was born in Liaoning, was famous in politics and strategy. He unifiedthe Northeast China. Zhaoling mausoleum was build from 1643 to 1651. Theex-isting building was the result of reconstructions and en-largements. In termsof architectural style, Mausoleum Zhaoling not only absorbed the advantages ofthe Ming Dy-nasty (which is the times before Qing Dynasty), but alsoas-similated to Manchu people. So it’s a typical Mausoleum blend of Han andManchu culture.

Here we come to the long-en Palace. Long-en Palace is the main palace ofthis mausoleum. It is also known as the "Xiang Palace". It enshrines the shrinesof HuangTaiJi and his empress and the emperor held grand ceremonies here. It wasbuilt in 1643, and was rebuilt in 1691. It was named “long-en" in 1650 and theplaque was hung at the same time. Alright, you guys can go use the restroom. Weare gathering here after 15 minutes.

Good morning Ladies and Gentlemen:

My name is ___. I’m very honored to be youre guide. I do hope all of youcould like my guiding and enjoy everything on your pleasant day. This morning weare going to visit the Summer Palace. The Summer Palace is located on thenorthwest suburbs of Beijing, about 20 kilometers away from the center of thecity. So it will take us about 1 hour to get there. Before we arrived at theSummer Palace, I would like to introduce you a brief introduction of thewoderful imperial garden. The Summer Palace is the most beautiful and thelargest imperial garden existing in Chinan, and it is the best-preservedimperial garden in the world. In 1998, it was placed on the List of WorldCultural Heritage by the UNESCO.

The Summer Palace was first built as an imperial garden at the beginning of12th century in the Jin Dynasty. The construction continued to the Yuan and Mingdynasties. In the Qing Dynasty, the building of imperial gardens reached itsculmination. During Emperor Qianlong’s reign, the famous ‘Three Hills and FiveGardens’ were built on the northwest suburbs of Beijing. The Summer Palace was apart of it and at that time was called the Garden of Clear Ripples. In 1860, theAnglo-French Allied Forces invaded Beijing. The ‘Three Hills and Five Gardens’were burnt down to ashes.

In 1888, the Empress Dowager Cixi spent the navy fund having the Garden ofClear Ripples rebuilt. And then she renamed it the Garden of Nurtured Harmony(Summer Palace).

In 1900, the Allied Forces of Eight Powers invaded Beijing. The SummerPalace was once again severely damaged. It was rebuilt again in 1902.

In 1924, the Last Emperor Puyi was driven out of the palace, after that,the Summer Palace was turned into a public park.

Ladies and Gentlemen, please look over there, in front of us is an archway.It is called “Emptiness and the collection of excellence”, and it is the firstscenery of the Summer Palace. The two Chinese words on the front side of thearchway mean emptiness and refer to everything in nature and in the scenery. Thetwo words on the back side mean Collection of Excellence and refer to thetranquility of the beautiful scenery just within the garden.

(outside the East Palace Gate)

Now, we have arrived at the East Palace Gate. It’s the main entrance of theSummer Palace. On top of the gate there is a plaque with three Chinesecharacters ‘The Summer Palace’ in Emperor Guangxu’s handwriting. The gate thatwe are now entering was used by the emperor, the empress only in the olddays.

(Inside the East Palace Gate)

Now we are inside the Summer Palace. In front of us is the second gate ofthe Summer Palace— the Gate of Benevolence and Longevity. The annex halls onboth sides were used for officials on duty and the offices of the Privy Council.Well, Before we start our tour in the garden, I will briefly introduce you thelayout of the Summer Palace and our tour route. O.K., ladies and gentlemen, mayI have your attention please? Let’s look at the map together, From it we can seethe Summer Palace covers an area of 290 hectares, which the lake occupies thethree-fourths. The whole garden can be divide into three parts: the area was forpolitical activities, resting places of the emperor and empress, and sightseeingareas. Our tour will start from the area of the political activities, and endoff the Marble Boat. On the way, we will visit the main constructions of theSummer Palace, such as the Hall of Jade Ripples, the Hall of Happiness andLongevity, the Long Corridor, the Hall of Dispelling Clouds and so on. It willtake us about two hours to visit the Summer Palace. Please attention, we won’twalk back and our driver will pick us up at the North Gate. Should you get lostor separated from the group, please meet us at the North Gate.

Ok, everyone, let’s start our tour from the emperors’ office --- the Hallof Benevolence and Longevity. Follow me please.

(Inside the courtyard of the Benevolence and Longevity)

Passing through the Gate of Benevolence and Longevity, we have alreadyentered the courtyard of the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity. The huge rock infront of us is Taihu Rock. It was quarried from Taihu Lake in Jiangsu Province,so it was known as Taihu Rock. Please look around the courtyard and you can seethere are four grotesque shaped rocks placed in each corner of this courtyard,representing the four seasons of the year. The Taihu Rocks are usually used asdecoration for beautifying gardens and they are thin, crease, leak andpenetration in characters.

The bronze mythical animal behind the Taihu Rock is known as Suanni or somepeople call it Qilin. According to ancient Chinese mythology, the dragon hadnine sons, but none of them became a real dragon. Suanni was one of the ninesons of the dragon. It was an auspicious animal that could avoid evil spirits inancient lengeds. Suanni has the head of dragon, the antlers of dear, the hoovesof ox and the tail of lion.

(In front of the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity)

This grand hall is the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity. It was firstbuilt in 1750. The name of this hall taken from a book entitled ‘Lun Yu’ byConfucius doctrine means, “ those who are benevolent can enjoy a long life.”This hall was the place where Emperor Guangxu and Empress Dowager Cixi heldaudience and handled state affairs when they were in the Summer Palace. Forprotecting the historical cultural relic, we couldn’t enter the hall. So I wouldlike to briefly introduce you the decorations in the Hall of Benevolence andLongevity. The arrangement of the hall has been left untouched. In the middle ofthe hall stands an emperor’s throne carved with nine dragons on design. Thereare two big fans on both sides behind the throne which are made of peacockfeathers. Behind the throne there is a big screen with red sandalwood frame andglass mirror inlaid. On the mirror there are 226 Chinese characters of the word‘Longevity’ written in different styles. There are two scrolls on each side ofthe wall with a big Chinese character ‘Longevity’ written on it. It was saidthat the word ‘Longevity’ written by Empress Dowager Cixi. There are 100 batspainted at the background of the scroll symbolizing happiness.

Well, please look up the two pairs of incense burners in the shape of adragon and a phoenix in front of the hall. They were used to burn incense sticksto create the appropriate atmosphere. In the old days, the dragon and phoenixwere the symbol of the emperor and empress. According to ritual, the dragonsshould be placed in the center while phoenixes were to either side in front ofthe hall.However, here, the dragons are off to the sides and the phoenixes arein the middle. This was a product of the end of Qing Dynasty when EmpressDowager Cixi handled state affairs behind the screen.

(At the entrance of Garden of virtuour Harmony)

We are now visiting the Garden of Virtuous Harmony, where Emperor Qianlongand Empress Dowager Cixi were entertained with Bejing Opera performances. Itmainly consists of the Dressing House, the Grand Theater Building and the Hallof Pleasure Smile. The Grand Theater Building was known as the ‘Cradle ofBeijing Opera’ was uniquely laid out and magnificently decorated. There are 7exhibition halls with articles of daily use on display here.

(In front of the Grand Theater Building)

This is the Grand Theater Building. Of the three main theater buildings ofthe Qing Dynasty, the Grand Theater Building is the tallest and largest one. Theother two are Changyin Pavilion in the Forbidden City and Qingyin Pavilion inthe Mountain Resort in Chengde. The Grand Theater Building, a three-storiedstructure, has a double roof with upturned eaves. It is 21 meters high and 17meters wide. Performances could be staged simultaneously on three levels. Thetop one was a symbol of happiness, the middle level was emolument level and thebottom stage was named longevity stage. Each level has the entrance and theexit. There are some trapdoors in the ceiling and below the floor for ‘celestialbeing’ to fly down from the sky and the ‘devils’ to appear from the earth to setoff a certain atmosphere on the stage. There is also a well and five ponds builtunder the stage for a good effect of water scenes. The stage is open to threesides.

Well, please look at the construction that stands right opposite the GrandTheater Building, it’s the Hall of Pleasure Smile. The Empress Dowager Cixi usedbo sit inside the hall to watch and enjoy the Peking Opera.

(A lakeside walk from the Garden of virtuous Harmony to the Hall of JadeRipples)

We are now standing in the middle of a rockery behind the Hall ofBenevolence and Longevity. It appears that there’s nothing special ahead.However, after we clear the rockery, we will reach Kunming Lake. This is anapplication of a specific style of Chinese

gardening.

Now, we are walking along the bank of the Kunming Lake. Look over there,not far away in the lake there is an islet. It’s called the Spring HeraldingIslet. The pavilion on the islet is called the Spring Heralding Pavilion. Anumber of willow trees and peach trees were planted on this islet. In earlyspring, when the ice begins to melt, peach trees are red in pink blossoms,willow trees turn a tender green signaling that the early spring has returned.Hence the name ‘Heralding Sping Pavilion’.

(In front of the Hall of Jade Ripples)

This group of special and quiet courtyard dwellings is the Hall of JadeRipples. The words “Jade Ripples” came from a verse “Gentle ripples gushing outof Jade Spring”, which refers to the rippling water in the lake. It was firstused by Emperor Qianlong to attend to state affairs. In the late Qing Dynasty,it was where Emperor Guangxu was put under house arrest.

This hall is a hallmark of the Movement of 1898. Emperor Guangxu wasEmperor Dowager Cixi’s nephew. After Emperor Tongzhi died, Emperor Dowager Ciximade her nephew, who was at that time four years old a successor in order tocontinue her hold on imperial power. She ‘handled state affairs behind thescreen’. After Emperor Guangxu ‘managed state affairs personally’ at the age of19, a political conflict occurred between the conservatives and the reformers.In 1898, the Reform Movement took place with the aim of sustaining the coreprinciples of the Qing Dynasty while reforming outdated laws. The movementlasted for103 days until it was suppressed by Empress Dowager Cixi. It wascalled the ‘Hundred-Day Reform’. After the reform failed, Emperor Guangxu wasput under house arrest here. For the strict control of him, Empress Dowager Cixiordered to build many brick walls in the front, back, and on the right and leftof the Hall of Jade Ripples. At that time the hall was entirely sealed up, justlike a prison. Today only the hidden walls in the east and west annex room stillmaintain its original appearance. It is open to visitors as the relic related tothe 1898 Reform Movement.

(In front of the Chamber of Collecting Books)

This is the Chamber of Collecting Books. In Chinese, it’s called “Yi YunGuang”. “Yun” was a kind of fragrant weed. In ancient times, it was usually usedas termite repellent in rooms where books were stored.In the Emperor Qianlong’sreign, the purpose of the hall was for collecting books. Later it was convertedinto a residence. There used to be the residence of Guangxu’s Empress Longyu,and his favorite concubine Zhenfei.

(In the Hall of Happiness and Longevity)

This group of courtyard is the Hall of Happiness and Longevity. It was themajor architectural structure in the living quarters and the residence ofEmpress Dowager Cixi. The whole compound was basically made of wood, which isideal for ventilation and lighting. With its quiet and tasteful layout, the Hallof Happiness and Longevity made life very easy and convenient. In front of theHall of Happiness and Longevity there is a huge rock placed in the middle ofthis courtyard named “Qing Zhi Xiu” and nicknamed as “Family Bankruptcy Rock”.This huge rock was discovered in Fangshan District by a Ming official MiWanzhong. He wanted to transport it to his own garden “Shaoyuan”. In the olddays, transporting such rock was very difficult. After spending all his money toship it, he still could not succeed in doing this. The big rock was then left onthe roadside somewhere near Liangxiang County, 30 kilometers southwest ofBeijing. Hence it was nicknamed “Family Bancruptcy Rock”. Later Emperor Qianlongdiscovered it and transported to the Garden of Clear Ripples and laid in frontof the Hall of Happiness and Longevity. The colorful glass chandeliers hanginginside the hall was introduced from Germany in 1903. It is one of the earliestelectric lights in China.

(In front of the Gate of Inviting the Moon of the Long Corridor)

Ladies and Gentlemen, you may have visited some of the best museums in theworld, such as the Louvre in France and the Museum of Great Britain. Now I willshow you a special gallery in the palace—the Long Corridor. In 1990, the LongCorridor was listed in the Guinness Book of World Records as ‘the longestpainted corridor’ in the world’. It would be a pity if we leave the SummerPalace without visiting the Long Corridor and the Marble Boat. Now, here we go,the Long Corridor first!

(Strolling along the Long Corridor)

The Long Corridor starts from the Gate Inviting the Moon to the ShizhangGate. It is 728 meters long and consists of 273 sections. The Long corridor isone of the major structures of the Summer Palace. Since the corridor wasdesigned to follow the physical features of the southern slope of LongevityHill, four multiple-eaved, octagonal pavilions ( Retaining the GoodnessPavilion, Living with the Ripples Pavilion, Autumn Water Pavilion, Clear and FarPavilion) were placed at bends and undulation, they represent four seaons of ayear. Thus visitors will hardly notice the rise and fall of the terrain. As amajor part of the architectural style of the Summer Palace, the Long Corridorserves as an ingenious connector between the Lake and the Hill. Scatteredbuildings on the southern slope were linked to create a unified complex.

The Long Corridor is the longest covered veranda in any Chinese garden. Onthe purlins and beams of the covered veranda, there are over 14,000 Suzhou stylepaintings. Among them, there are 546 color paintings relating to the scenes ofWest Lake in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Beside the colorful paintings ofnatural scenery, there are also scenes of flowers, birds, fish, insects,mythology and figures. The paintings of figures are mainly adapted from ancientChinese classical literature, such as ‘Pilgrimage to the West’, ‘The Romance ofthe Three Kingdoms’, ‘The western Chamber’, “Water Margin’, and ‘The Dream ofthe Red Mansion’.

(In front of the Gate of Dispelling Clouds)

Now we are approaching the central part of the structures on the lakesideslope, the Tower of Buddhist Incense within the Hall of Dispelling Clouds. Thecentral axis line starts from the wharf next to the lake to the Sea of Wisdom ontop of the Hill. The main architectural structures here are the Gate ofDispelling Clouds, Hall of Dispelling clouds, Tower of Buddhist Incense and theSea of Wisdom, which altogether form a splendid three-dimensional landscape. Thelayout of this group of architectures was based on scenes described in Buddhistsutras. This group of structures are among the most magnificently constructedhere in the Summer Palace. This is a good place to taking photos, we will stayhere for about 15 minutes.

Now we are walking continuely along the Long Corridor, the next scene weare going to visit is Marble Boat.

Look over there! Halfway up the slope there stands the Hall of Listening toOrioles. It was the place for emperor and empress to enjoy opera and courtmusic. It is said the singing of orioles is very pleasing. Before the Garden ofVirtuous Harmony was built, Empress Dowager Cixi enjoyed opera and music here.Now the hall is one of the most famous restaurants in China, featuring imperialdishes and desserts.

This is the famous Marble Boat. A famous scientist of China’s Eastern HanDynasty once said, “Water can float the boat, but it can also tip it over.” Aprime minister of Tang Dynasty Wei Zheng once used these words to persuade LiShimin, the emperor of the Tang Dynasty. He said people are water and theemperor is the boat. People can support a good emperor. However, they also canoverthrow the dynasty. Emperor Qianlong built this huge boat in the Garden inorder to make the allusion concrete. On one hand, Emperor Qianlong encouragedhimself to run the country well. On the other hand, he wanted to show that hisrule of the Qing Dynasty was as firm as the Marble Boat and there was no fear ofoverturning the boat. The Marble Boat was the place for Emperor Qianlong tosample tea and enjoy the scenery of Kunming Lake. Emperor Qianlong once camehere to engage in the freeing of captive animals. In the times of Qianlong, theMarble Boat was a Chinese styled stone boat with a Chinese style woodensuperstructure on the top of it. When it was rebuilt in the times of Guangxu, aforeign and Chinese elements mixed resulting in two wheels to be added to theboat, one on each side. The floor was paved with colored bricks. All of thewindows were inlaid with multiple-colored glass. A big mirror was installed onthe superstructure for viewing rain.

Our tour is drawing to a close after we visited the Marble Boat. Today weonly visited the major scenic spots of the Summer Palace. I have left otherspots of interest for your next visit. I will now show you out through the RuyiGate. Our coach is waiting for us outside the gate. I do hope you enjoyedtoday’s tour. Thank you.

Hunan in taojiang river lake, beautiful scenery, is famous tourist destination at home and abroad. Hunan has a long history, humanities, person of outstanding ability, "subject chuweicai, to fill in. Hunan rich natural resources, known as the reputation of "HuGuang cooked, the world", is the famous "land of fish and rice".

Hunan famous scenic spot: the national famous historical and cultural city, changsha city, yueyang city, fenghuang county. National 5 a grade scenic spot: the capital changsha - j scenic spot, the yueyang yueyang tower, junshan island scenic spot, xiangtan shaoshan scenic spot, hengyang nanyue hengshan scenic area, zhangjiajie wulingyuan, zhangjiajie tianmen mountain scenic spot [. World natural heritage, wulingyuan scenic spot, shaoyang sunnybrook Lang mountain danxia (China)

Hunan is continental humid subtropical monsoon climate, climate has three characteristics: first, light, heat, rich in water resource, the high value of basic synchronization again. Second, climate during the year and interannual change is larger. Winter cold, summer heat, temperature is changeable, spring the autumn temperature steep fall, spring and summer rain, autumn and winter drought. Suitable for autumn tourism.

Hunan province is located in the Yangtze river in the south of the Yangtze river middle reaches, as most is located in the south of dongting lake in hunan province. The xiangjiang river in hunan province on the north-south, so called xiang. Hunan jiangxi province in the east, west chongqing expensive, which the guangdong to the south, north of hubei. The provincial jurisdiction over 14 province, 122 counties (city, area)

Hunan province in the south of the Yangtze river south dongting lake the name. The pre-qin period to the chu, "jiangnan" in hunan province, the earliest name; Until the sui dynasty, "jiangnan" for today in hunan province as the main body cover surrounding parts designed said; Tang belong to jiangnan road, Jiang Naxi, after observation, hunan province, as the beginning of the name of hunan; Song said hunan road; Yuan ridge north of hunan road; Ming HuGuang province, after the change of the provinces HuGuang originally department; Clarify HuGuang provincial place in hunan province, the province has not changed.

女士们，先生们，欢迎来到历史悠久的敦煌莫高窟，我是你们的导游，大家叫我小潘吧!敦煌莫高窟可是中国四大石窟之一哦!四大石窟还有：龙门石窟、云冈石窟和麦积山石窟。但是这些石窟都不能和敦煌莫高窟比美，因为敦煌莫高窟可是世界上最大的石窟呢!它的历史也很悠久，它修建于十六国的前秦时期，北朝、隋朝、唐朝、五代、西夏和元朝这几个朝代都修建过。说完了这些，就跟我到敦煌莫高窟中去看看吧!

你们看，这就是敦煌莫高窟西南方向的一个洞窟：西千佛洞，你们猜这个洞有多长吗?一定不知道吧，其实这个洞有2.5公里长呢!这些泥巴彩塑在这个洞里有34个呢，但是整个莫高窟的彩塑就有2415个呢!

各种各样的石窟大小不一，最大的第16窟达268平方米，最小的第37窟才高不到一英尺。莫高窟壁画绘于洞窟的四壁，窟顶和佛龛内。内容非常的博大精深，主要有佛像、佛教的故事、佛教史迹、经变、神怪、供养和装饰图案等七类题材，此外还有很多生活方面的画作。好了，说了那么多，我们就去参观下一个景观吧!

你们看，这个东西是一个九层的遮檐，也叫“北大像”，正立于崖窟中段，与崖顶等高，巍峨壮观。其间有弥勒佛坐像，高36米，由石胎泥塑而成，是除了乐山大佛和荣县大佛之外的第三大佛哦!

好了，敦煌莫高窟游览结束，欢迎有机会再到这里来玩。

Ha! Hi, Im happy "tour" of the tour guide. Today, I take you to xi an east 30 kilometers. In February 1974, the local farmers in the east of emperor qinshihuang 1.5 zone at the foot of the mount li qin Terra Cotta Warriors.

In that year, the emperor after he began to reign, and he began to build cemetery, hosted by prime minister lisi planning and design, general ZhangHan supervisors, build time for 38 years, engineering of vast, magnificent verve, the successive feudal rulers luxury lights of precedent. At that time, the qing dynasty a total population of about 20 million, and built ling labor was more than 720xx0. Xiu ling home soil, from 20xx meters south of this cemetery three between liu village to the county quarry department, there are 5 ~ 25 meters high multistage loess cliff. Fix cemetery used a large amount of stone from nutrient-laden hebei usagi nakayama, asan, depends on human to lintong, engineering is very difficult. Predictably large quantities, usagi nakayama, the corpse and under strict asan side shows the cruelty of the whole project. It is also known as one of "the eight wonders of the world"!

Qin Terra Cotta Warriors is divided into three pits, with a total area of 000 square meters. The Terra Cotta Warriors are robust, forms and more thoughtful! Figures are divided into general figurines, the side horse figurines, kneeling position figurines, figurines of cavalry, terracotta warriors... Among them, the no. 1 pit is the largest, 230 meters long, north and south 62 meters wide, about five meters deep. About 500, the warriors six chariots, driving, horse 24, and bronze sword, wugou, spears and arrows, crossbows, machine, copper halberd combat with weapons of bronze and iron, etc. They all facial expression, , and action each are not identical: some thoughtfully, as if considering how to cooperate, defeat the enemy; Have a deep breath, as if in thought, as the people of qin, must help the emperor beat all places; Some look in the distance, seemed to be missing loved ones far away... Said so much warrior figures, the said the horse figurines: TaoMa ears erect, some mouths scream, some still shut up. All these of the qinshihuang terracotta warriors and touching artistic charm. If you hold your breath gaze of looking at it, you will find it muscle fullness, realistic than a real horse!

各位旅客朋友们：

大家好!

北京昌平县境内，有一处明代帝王陵墓群，即中外闻名的十三陵。在周围40公里的范围内，埋葬着明代13位帝王，23位皇后和众多的嫔妃、太子、公主、从葬宫女等。

(一)概况

明永乐五年(1407)朱棣的皇后徐氏去世。朱棣命礼部、工部及术士风鉴先生等人，在北京郊区寻找"吉壤"。先后曾指定潭柘寺、燕家台、屠家营等处，朱棣均不满意。后来江西术士廖均卿说，昌平北有吉壤，可做万年寿域，名黄土山，山前有龙、虎二山，形成一个小平原。朱棣视察后很满意，决定在此建造皇陵，改黄土山为天寿山。永乐七年(1409)正式建陵，到永乐十一年竣工，即长陵。明代历朝(除景泰帝外)皇帝陆续在此建陵。 明制规定，陵墓每年大祭三次(清明、中元、冬至)，小祭四次(正旦、孟冬、生辰、逝日)。每次谒陵耗费巨大。十三陵地面上建筑曾几度遭到破坏，最严重的一次是清兵入关。明末清太祖崛起于东北，威胁明朝安全。有人说清兵之所以强盛与他的祖坟风水有关。他们(金人)的祖坟在房山，如捣毁，清兵即灭。天启皇帝于天启二年(1622)派人毁房山金陵，并建关帝庙镇之。清兵入关后，采取同样的报复手段，破坏了明陵。清乾隆五十年，为了拢络汉人，曾下令修缮明陵。民国时期，1920xx年左右，当地豪绅争夺产权，明陵又遭破坏。

1绷昴骨范围

墓区原有一道40公里长的围墙。红色围墙自南边的大宫门起，依山而筑，设有中山口、东山口、老君堂口、贤庄口、灰岭口、锥子口、雁子口、德胜口、西山口、榨子口等十个关口，各口驻兵把守。现在红墙已无，但从地名上看还能了解到当年的墓区范围。

2绷昴怪兄嵯

(1)石牌坊

石牌坊是陵区最南端的建筑。该坊五门六柱十一楼，高14米，宽2886米，建于嘉靖十九年(1540)，是目前国内保存最大、最早的石坊。夹杆石四面有浮雕，刻有八对狮子滚绣球、十六条生龙，造型生动。

(2)大宫门

大宫门是陵墓区的正门。门分三洞，旁连40公里围墙。门前竖着"官员人等至此下马"碑。门内有数千军士守护，任何人不得闯入。当时规定"谋毁山陵者，以谋大逆论，不分首从，俱凌迟处死"。山陵内盗砍树木者斩，家属发往边疆充军。

(3)碑楼

该楼为重檐顶四出陛、楼内驮巨碑，即长陵的神功圣德碑，高三丈(该碑正式建立于宣德十年，即公元1435年)。正面为神功圣德碑文，3000余字，明成祖长子仁宗朱高炽撰。碑阴是乾隆五十年(1785)，清高宗的《哀明陵三十韵》，详细地记录了长、永、定、思几座陵墓的残破情况。碑东侧是清政府修明陵的花费记录，西侧是嘉庆九年(1804)清仁宗论述明亡的原因。

(4)石象生

神路两侧有一组石雕群，24兽，12人，共18对，36个。包括狮子、獬豸、骆驼、麒麟、马、象各4匹，二卧二立。武臣、文臣、勋臣各4人。

(5)棂星门

棂星门俗称龙凤门，在此处有"天门"之意，门三道之间有短垣相隔。6根门柱形似华表，三门额坊中央雕有石刻火焰珠，故当地人又称其为火焰牌坊。 棂星门北有7孔汉白玉神桥一座，通往长陵陵门。

(二)埋葬帝后简表

陵 名埋 葬年 号庙 号在位年代年 数享 年附葬皇后长 陵朱 棣永 乐成 祖1403～14242265徐 氏献 陵朱高炽洪 熙仁 宗1425148张 氏景 陵朱瞻基宣 德宣 宗1426～14351038孙 氏裕 陵朱祁镇正统天顺英 宗1436～1464(前后)2238钱、周氏茂 陵朱见深成 化宪 宗1465～14872341纪、王、邵氏泰 陵朱佑樘弘 治孝 宗1488～15051836张 氏康 陵朱厚照正 德武 宗1506～15211631夏 氏永 陵朱厚艏 靖世 宗1522～15664560杜、陈、方氏昭 陵朱载趼 庆穆 宗1567～1572636李、陈、李氏定 陵朱翊钧万 历神 宗1573～16204858王、王氏庆 陵朱常洛泰 昌光 宗16201月39郭、王、刘氏德 陵朱由校天 启熹 宗1621～1627723张 氏思 陵朱由检崇 祯思 宗1628～16441735田、周氏

(三)长陵

长陵是十三陵中第一陵，占地10公顷。墓主是明成祖永乐皇帝朱棣和皇后徐氏。

1绷暝捌矫娌季

陵墓有三进院落。第一进院落从陵门到潭髅拧A昝拍诙西侧原有神厨、神库各5间。东南角有碑亭一座，无碑文，建于嘉靖十五年(1536)。清顺治皇帝见过陵墓后，于顺治十六年(1659)，在石碑正面用汉、满两种文字镌刻其谒陵感受。碑阴是乾隆皇帝于1785年谒陵后镌刻的谒明陵八韵。第二进院落从潭髅胖聊诤烀拧T耗邶潭鞯羁9间，深5间，重檐庑殿顶。殿内60根楠木柱，当中4根柱直径都在1米以上。该殿是国内最好的楠木殿。殿中原有大佛龛，供成祖和徐皇后。殿两侧原有廊庑15间，现已无存。第三进院落从内红门至明楼。院内前部是二柱牌坊，依次为石五供、明楼和宝城。 明楼是每座陵墓的标帜，也是每座陵墓中轴线上的最高建筑。楼顶为重檐歇山式，建于方城之上，四出陛，额曰"长陵"。刻碑为万历三十二年重立。原碑刻"太宗"(朱棣原来的庙号)，后来世宗嘉靖皇帝于嘉靖七年改太宗为成祖，未换石碑，只用木雕成祖之碑镶之。万历三十二年(1604)雷击起火，木雕被毁。大学士沈一贯奏请改新碑。明楼两侧连宝城，城内园丘即宝顶，周一百丈，下面即地宫。

2倍西井

长陵的陵园还辖属东西井。东井在德陵馒头山之南，西井在定陵西北。"井"内葬着被"赐死"的殉葬宫妃。她们是皇帝的地下随侍，虽赐死但无资格入地宫。埋葬她们的坟(竖葬)叫"井"。

(四)定陵

定陵在昭陵东北大峪山(原名小峪山)下，埋葬着明代第十三代帝王万历帝朱翊钧和孝端、孝靖二位皇后。万历十一年(1583)朱翊钧借祭陵的机会勘察了陵区，最后决定在小峪山为己建陵，改小峪山为大峪山。因陵地有巨石，工程量级大，有人谏阻其不听，决定次年开工。朱翊钧时年才22岁。从万历十二年开工，至万历十八年竣工，历时6年之久。墓穴工程质量极佳。竣工后，28岁的万历皇帝，曾在自己的地宫中饮酒欢贺，然后将墓口封闭。朱翊钧是个残暴荒淫之君，在位48年不问朝政,纵饮欢乐,还巧立名目广纳民女,如选"九嫔"、"十俊"等。

北京故宫博物院英文导游辞

Hello, everyone,

We are now going to pay a visit to a place of special interest. This scenic spot is located at the center of Beijing and is characterized by thousands of palatial architectures and purple walls as well as yellow glazed tile roofs- it is simply a sea of palaces. This is the world – famous wonder – the Palace Museum.

The Palace Museum has served as the royal residence during the Ming and Qing dynasties. It was here that a total of 24 monarchs ascended the throne and wielded power for some 500 years. The Palace Museum, as the most beautiful spot of interest throughout Beijing, is unique for its location: to the northwest is Beihai(North Sea) Park, famous for its white pagoda and rippling lake; to the west is the Zhongnahai (central and south sea); to the east lies the the Wangfujing Shopping Street; and to the north id Jinshan Park. Standing in the Wanchun (Everlasting Spring) Pavilion at the top of Jingshan(Charcoal Hill) Park, you overlook the skyline of the palace Museum. At the southern end of the palace is Tian` anmen (Gate of Heavenly Peace) and the famous square named after it . This is the symbol of the People` s Republic of China.

A world-famous historical site, the Palace Museum is on the World Heritage List of UNESCO and is an embodiment of oriental civilization.

The Palace Museum is rectangular in shape, 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meters wide from east to west, covering a space of 720,000 square meters of which 150,000 is building area . It has 9000-strong rooms in it . According to legend there are 9999.5 room-units in all .The whole compound is enclosed by a 10-meter-hign wall and is accessed through four entrances, namely, the meridian Gate in the south ,the Gate of Military Prowess in the north, Donghua(Eastern Flowery ) Gate in the north, Donghua ( Eastern Flowery) Gate in the east and Xihua(Western Flowery ) Gate in the west. On each corner there is a turret consisted of 9 roof beams, 18 pillars and 72 ridge . Encircling the compound there is a 3,800-meter-long and 52 meter-wide moat, making the Palace Museum a self-defensive city-within-a city.

The Palace Museum was made a center of rule during the Ming Dynasty by Zhun Di, The fourth son of the founding emperor Zhuyuanzhang. The whole complex straddles on an 8-kilometers-long central axis that stretches from Yongding (Forever Stable) Gate in the south to Gulou (Drum Tower) in the north. Prominence was given to the royal power by putting the “three main front halls” and “three back halls ”on the axis while arrange other subsidiary structure around them .The construction of the Palace Museum involved manpower and resources across China. For example, the bricks laid in the halls ,known as “gold brick, ” underwent complex, two –dozen processes. As the final touch ,the fired bricks were dipped in Chinese wood oil. Involving complicated processes and high cost, these brick are called “golden bricks.” The Palace Museum serves as a living embodiment of good tradition and styles unique to China` s ancient architecture. It reflects to the full the ingenuity and creativity of the Chinese working people. A carefully preserved and complete group of royal residences, the Palace Museum is a prominent historical and tourist site.

北京长城英文导游词 ·岳阳楼英文导游辞 ·重庆英文导游词 ·西藏英文导游词

What we are now approaching is the main entrance to the Palace Museum-the Meridian Gate, which is characterized by red walls, yellow glazed –tile roofs and upturned eaves. On top of this walls, yellow glazed-tile roofs and upturned eaves. On top of this magnificent building ,there stand five lofty halls with a main hall in the center. The main hall is roofed by multiple eaves and covers a space of 9 room-units. It is flanked by two wings on each side .The wings are square in shape ,complete with multiple and four edged eaves and pinnacles. All of these structures are connected by a colonnade. Because these halls resemble a soaring bird, it was also know as wufenglou (Five-phoenix Tower) . Inside the main hall there is a throne. Drums and bells were stored in the wings. Whenever the emperor presided over grand ceremonies or observed rites in the Hall of Upreme Harmony, drums, bells and gongs would be struck to mark the occasion.

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Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum is the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty and the queen Zhu Yuanjin Ma burial tomb, which is located in the southern foot of the purple mountain long Fu play in Mount Everest, Nanjing is the largest and one of the best preserved imperial tombs.So far more than 600 years of history.

The emperors in ancient China chose the site of the mausoleum very carefully, and paid special attention to choosing the land of "Ji Di", that is, the place of geomantic omen.Every time I go out the site, in addition to sending one or two court officials, but also absorb the knowledge of geography, will see the alchemist in Feng shui.After selecting the mausoleum, the emperor had to examine the scene himself and was satisfied with it and was finally finalized.Soon after Zhu Yuanzhang ascended the throne, he was concerned about the "paradise" after his death, and began to plan the construction of the mausoleum.It is said that he has called Liu Bowen, Xu Da, Tang He, and other ministers to discuss site selection.Five people agreed to write their respective best burial sites on paper and then open them at the same time.The results are written, Great minds think alike., Dulong Fu Mount Everest ".So the site of the tomb of Zhu Yuanjin was thus fixed.Dulong Fu is a hill located beneath the Zijin Mountain peak, 150 meters high, about 400 meters in diameter, is like a huge natural grave.Chinese feudal emperor often put themselves as sons of the heaven, to build the tomb in Dulong Fu, is in line with the requirements of the feudal superstition.

Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum Yu Wu nine years (1376) began to build, build competent mausoleum engineering enterprises is "Dudu Fu Li xin.At that time, a large number of migrant workers were employed, and dozens of temples were left behind by their predecessors.Since the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasties, Buddhism has been widely spread in China. The emperor of Wu even regards Buddhism as a national religion, so the temples in Nanjing are numerous.In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, there were more than 300 Buddhist temples, nearly 500 in the Southern Dynasties, and 100 thousand monks.His poetry in the Tang Dynasty: "in the four hundred and eighty temple, how many loutai yanyu."It was the portrayal of the flourishing Buddhist temples in Nanjing.In addition to moving to the temple, even moved a lot of previous tombs.But when moving to the Three Kingdoms, the tomb of Sun Quan (now on Mount Mei Shan in Nanjing), Zhu Yuanjin said, "Sun Quan is a true man, keeping him as a gatekeeper."."It was not removed.Hongwu fifteen years (1382), the first phase of the project completed, coincided with the empress Mas death, Zhu Yuanjin held a grand funeral for her, and the coffin burial tomb, called her "Xiaoci Queen", which is also the name of the tomb.In 1383, the main project of the tomb built hall.In 1392, the crown prince ZhuBiao died and was buried in the tomb of the East, called dongling.Hongwu thirty-one years (1398) built "Ming Tomb magic holiness monument", the construction of the mausoleum engineering ended, the project took 23 years.Before the death of Zhu Yuanjin, had left a testament; "funeral to frugality, no Jin, change because of the tomb and the world, three subjects are released, as marriage."This is obviously Zhu Yuanzhangs trick of buying peoples hearts.The whole Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum building, Xiaolingwei East, South to West Fang Weigang dismount, the walls of the city, north of Longgang only halfway up the mountain, a radius of more than 20 km, is a grand scale.In the long 23 years of construction, depletion of the flesh and blood of the people.At that time, there were ten thousand trees planted in the tomb area, thousands of deer kept and 5700 guards.Its wide range, large scale, before the Ming Dynasty is rare.But Zhu Yuanjin was buried, there are 40 concubines to bury, in which 2 people were buried in the tomb of the East and west sides, 38 people from the buried in the tomb.This China exposed the feudal ruling class was cruel, they not only to enjoy the splendor rich, after death still "death", the burial, at the people life.

According to historical records, Shanhaiguan has a history of more than 600years since it was built in 1381 ad. it has been an important military town inChina since ancient times.

Shanhaiguan City, about 4 kilometers in circumference, is a small city. Thewhole city is connected with the Great Wall, with the city as the pass. The cityis 14 meters high and 7 meters thick. There are four main gates in the city, andthere are a variety of ancient defense buildings. It is a city pass withrelatively complete defense system, known as "the first pass in the world". Thearchery tower, the most powerful one in the world, is the main body,supplemented by Jingbian tower. Linlu building. Muyinglou, weiyuantang,Wengcheng, dongluocheng, Great Wall Museum and other great wall buildings showvisitors the architectural style of ancient Chinese city defense.

The worlds first pass scenic spot takes Shanhaiguan city as the center,which includes Shanhaiguan City, Dongluo City, the "worlds first pass" tower,Jingbian tower, muying tower, linlu tower and the Great Wall Museum. Shanhaiguanis a cultural ancient city. The city walls of Ming Dynasty are basically in goodcondition. Most of the main streets and alleys are preserved as they are. Inparticular, there are still a number of courtyard houses, which make the ancientcity more elegant and simple. What makes the ancient city most colorful is theeast gate of Guancheng, which stands on the great wall and looks on the fourfields. On the second floor of the city building, you can overlook the panoramaof Shanhaiguan city and the wilderness outside the pass. Looking to the north,you can see the majestic appearance of Jiaoshan Great Wall in the distance; thesea in the south is also hazy. There are also Jingbian building, muying buildingand linlu building. Walking on the Great Wall will make you feel the greatnessof our ancestors and the extraordinary wisdom of the Chinese people.

Shanhaiguan scenic spot is a famous historical and cultural ancient cityand a summer resort with many places of interest, beautiful scenery and pleasantclimate. There are more than 90 places of interest with development andornamental value in the area. In 20__, Shanhaiguan scenic spot was rated as thefirst batch of 4A scenic spots; In 20__, the State Council officially listedShanhaiguan District of Qinhuangdao as a national historical and cultural city,Shanhaiguan scenic spot. Taking the Great Wall as the main line, it has formedsix scenic spots, namely "old dragon head", "mengjiangnu Temple", "Jiaoshan","the first pass in the world", "Changshou mountain" and "Yansai Lake", all ofwhich are open to Chinese and foreign tourists. It is a famous tourist area athome and abroad. Among them: the the Great Wall of Shanhaiguan converged theessence of Chinas ancient the Great Wall. The East starting point of the greatwall of Ming Dynasty is the old dragon head. The great wall meets with the sea.The Great Wall has blue sea and Jinsha. The sky opens the sea and the mountain.It is majestic and majestic. It is known as "pinghan in the capital and thethroat of liaozuo"; Jiaoshan Great Wall is winding, the beacon tower isprecipitous and picturesque. Among the "eight scenic spots of Yuguan", the"mountain temple is rainy and sunny, Ruilian holds the sun" and the wonderful"Qixian Buddha light" attract many tourists. Mengjiangnu temple is a Chinesefolk legend, the moving story of Jiangnu seeking her husband. Xuanyang cave, thelargest natural granite cave in northern China, is like a paradise with strangecaves, strange rocks and gurgling springs. Yansai lake is a beautiful pearloutside the Great Wall.

It is said that the last word is not written together, but the person whowrote it throws it into the air full of ink.

Dandongs original ecological landscape is well preserved, and its tourismresources are complete and abundant. In the north, there are many greenmountains, in the south, the winding Yalu river connects with the vast YellowSea. Bangshantai, the starting point of the Great Wall in the East, the riversea boundary stele in the north, the bullet marked Yalu River Bridge, the richethnic customs, and the river, mountain, lake, sea, forest, spring and rivermake up countless wonderful landscapes. As an excellent tourist city, Dandong isalso a hot tourist city in Liaoning Province and an important endpoint city ofthe "Golden Triangle" tourist city in Liaoning Province. Dandongs tourismresources can be expressed in five words, that is "man Chao Jiang Shan Lu". Letme give you a detailed interpretation of the connotation of these fivewords:

Manchu -- this is the birthplace of Manchu. Manchu folk customs are richand have penetrated into our daily life. You can enjoy the Manchu Customs onsome special occasions.

North Korea Dandong is directly adjacent to the Korean Peninsula. No matterthe Korean people living in Dandong or the Korean people on the other side,unique Korean customs can be seen everywhere. Maybe you come to Dandong for thefirst time. There are three kinds of signs on many stores. One is Chinese, theother is English, and the third is Korean. Dandong is a truly internationalcity.

River is the Yalu River. When you come to Dandong, if you dont look at theYalu River, you will come in vain. Whether you walk along the landscape road bythe Yalu River or take a boat tour of the Yalu River, you will appreciate thestatus of the Yalu River in the eyes of the people of Dandong. The Yalu Riverscenic area, with the Yalu River as the main axis, is 210 km long in Dandong. Itis along the mother river of Dandong City, carrying the brilliant development ofDandong City.

Mountain - Dandong is located in the hilly area of Eastern Liaoning, wheremany famous mountains and waters are created by the remaining veins of ChangbaiMountain. There are: Yalu River, qingshangou and Fenghuang mountain threenational key scenic spots; Baishilazi and Yalu River Estuary coastal wetland twonational nature reserves; tianqiaogou and Dagushan two national forest parks;Fenghuangshan mountain city, Yalu River broken bridge, Hushan great wall andother national key cultural relics protection units; It has a memorial hall forresisting U.S. aggression and aiding Korea, a national patriotism education basefor the broken bridge of Yalu River, a forest park of Tianhua mountain, anatural volcano museum, and so on; Dalishu village, which is the "nationalagricultural tourism demonstration unit", has a total land area of 15000 squarekilometers, and 1500 square kilometers of various scenic spots, accounting for10% of the total land area. This proportion is the highest in the province andfar higher than the national average.

Green - Dandong has high green vegetation coverage, which is the highestvegetation coverage area in Liaoning Province and an important area forEcotourism in Liaoning Province. Whether in the six major scenic spots of YaluRiver scenic spot, or in qingshangou, Dalishu village, daludao and other places,the natural ecology has fulfilled peoples good desire to return to nature.

周末想放松一下，选择和朋友一同出去游玩，逛着逛着就走到了久负盛名的回民街，我们尽情的吃喝玩乐，尝一下贾三家的灌汤包子、老米家的泡馍、定家的小酥肉、还有东南亚甑糕，没多久饱腹感便油然而生，所以我们就在附近悠哉悠哉的散步，走着走着看到了一座仿古牌坊，上面写着“化觉巷”这里面是大多数是一些仿古的小纪念品，还有一些皮影之类的西安本地文物，我们沿着这条街继续往深处走，便看到清真寺的正门赫然出现在我们面前，我们便决定去哪里逛逛。

清真寺对于不是回族的朋友是要收门票的，这是去了之后我们才意识到的，但是不要紧张，门票真的不贵，而且我感觉特别的值。清真寺的整体建筑是明清风格的，非常考究，呈现在眼前的并不是我想象中圆顶建筑物，而是木牌坊、石牌坊、鳌驮的御赐石碑、飞檐的殿阁、八角玲珑的塔楼，屋顶是蓝色的琉璃瓦，慈禧太后题字的匾额，米芾的字，苏东坡的字，董其昌的字，还珍藏有清代手抄本《古兰经》和一幅《麦加图》，《古兰经》放在一个木匣子里，再往里面走是一座省心楼，两层楼，三层檐，碑文是用阿拉伯语写的，很多建筑雕花很精美，给人庄重威严的感觉。四周的墙壁上挂着一些经文的雕刻，其实仔细看看，寺内有很多精美的砖雕含有伊斯兰文化的痕迹，寺内左侧正中有为做礼拜前专用的沐浴间，寺内建筑雄伟，环境清幽，整体寺院给我留下的印象就是神圣。

其实对于民族文化和伊斯兰教感兴趣的朋友可以选择去逛一次，里面的藏品都是古色古香，原汁原味，值得一游的，去一次真是对心灵的洗涤，使人心生敬畏。

各位，现在我们在定陵地宫的左配殿内，这座地宫是万历皇帝和他的两位皇后，孝端和孝靖的寝宫，它位于宝顶下27米，完工于1590年，至今已有410多年的历史了，地宫总面积为1195平方米，分为前、中、后、左、右五个大殿，这是地宫的左配殿，理论上是放置皇后棺椁的殿堂，但当打开地下宫殿时，发掘者们发现皇后的棺椁并不在这里，而且左配殿内是空的，这是怎么回事儿呢?原来，这是根据明朝的祖制，即虽然地宫设左右配殿，但不用，而是把帝后的棺樽都放在后殿。

各位请看，这个大石台叫做棺床，棺床的正中有个长方形的孔穴，那是做什么用的呢?这个小洞穴名叫“金井”，是为皇帝的“金井玉葬”之制而设。所谓“金井玉葬”就是要在棺床上设“金井”并放置玉石，这是古代最高级别的葬制，只有帝后才能享用，普通人家即使是高级官员也不能享有这种级别的葬制。“金井”中放的是金子吗?“玉葬”的玉是真的吗?其实，金井中的“金子”只不过是一把黄土，在地宫建成后再把这把土放在预留的“井”内，即成“金井”，取善始善终之意，美化帝后们都是善始善终之人。

另外“金井”中的“金”为土，而“井”象征水，即有水有土，而有水就有了生命，有土就有了生命之根基，有了水土就有了江山社稷，故“金井”象征皇帝在死后仍为人主，虽死犹生。再说皇帝是龙，龙能上天，也能入地，能屈能伸，设“金井”是为了接地气，而井中必有水，若有水，真龙就能复生，重上九天，正是“金鳞岂为池中物，一遇风动便化龙”。所以设“金井”又象征皇帝能够复活，再统天下。那么玉石是真的吗?怎么说呢，那些玉石都是些璞，即未剖开之玉或含玉的石头，剖开后可能极其普通，也可能价值连城，之所以在棺椁旁放此玉石，既有美好的象征，又有实际的作用，既象征高贵，又能起到防潮的效果，避免棺椁及尸体腐烂。那么，皇帝和皇后的棺椁到底在什么地方呢?我现在就带大家去参观。

简单的北京明十三陵导游词5篇

明十三陵，世界文化遗产，全国重点文物保护单位，国家重点风景名胜区，国家AAAAA级旅游景区。明十三陵坐落于北京市昌平区天寿山麓，总面积一百二十余平方公里，距离天安门约五十公里。十三陵地处东、西、北三面环山的小盆地之中，陵区周围群山环抱，中部为平原，陵前有小河曲折蜿蜒。自永乐七年(1409)五月始作长陵，到明朝最后一帝崇祯葬入思陵止，其间230多年，先后修建了十三座皇帝陵墓、七座妃子墓、一座太监墓。共埋葬了十三位皇帝、二十三位皇后、二位太子、三十余名妃嫔、两位太监。截止20xx年，已开放景点有长陵、定陵、昭陵、神路。下面是小编收集整理的简单的北京明十三陵导游词5篇范文，欢迎借鉴参考。

简单的北京明十三陵导游词5篇(一)

各位旅客朋友们：

大家好!

北京昌平县境内，有一处明代帝王陵墓群，即中外闻名的十三陵。在周围40公里的范围内，埋葬着明代13位帝王，23位皇后和众多的嫔妃、太子、公主、从葬宫女等。

(一)概况

明永乐五年(1407)朱棣的皇后徐氏去世。朱棣命礼部、工部及术士风鉴先生等人，在北京郊区寻找"吉壤"。先后曾指定潭柘寺、燕家台、屠家营等处，朱棣均不满意。后来江西术士廖均卿说，昌平北有吉壤，可做万年寿域，名黄土山，山前有龙、虎二山，形成一个小平原。朱棣视察后很满意，决定在此建造皇陵，改黄土山为天寿山。永乐七年(1409)正式建陵，到永乐十一年竣工，即长陵。明代历朝(除景泰帝外)皇帝陆续在此建陵。 明制规定，陵墓每年大祭三次(清明、中元、冬至)，小祭四次(正旦、孟冬、生辰、逝日)。每次谒陵耗费巨大。十三陵地面上建筑曾几度遭到破坏，最严重的一次是清兵入关。明末清太祖崛起于东北，威胁明朝安全。有人说清兵之所以强盛与他的祖坟风水有关。他们(金人)的祖坟在房山，如捣毁，清兵即灭。天启皇帝于天启二年(1622)派人毁房山金陵，并建关帝庙镇之。清兵入关后，采取同样的报复手段，破坏了明陵。清乾隆五十年，为了拢络汉人，曾下令修缮明陵。民国时期，1920xx年左右，当地豪绅争夺产权，明陵又遭破坏。

1绷昴骨范围

墓区原有一道40公里长的围墙。红色围墙自南边的大宫门起，依山而筑，设有中山口、东山口、老君堂口、贤庄口、灰岭口、锥子口、雁子口、德胜口、西山口、榨子口等十个关口，各口驻兵把守。现在红墙已无，但从地名上看还能了解到当年的墓区范围。

2绷昴怪兄嵯

(1)石牌坊

石牌坊是陵区最南端的建筑。该坊五门六柱十一楼，高14米，宽2886米，建于嘉靖十九年(1540)，是目前国内保存最大、最早的石坊。夹杆石四面有浮雕，刻有八对狮子滚绣球、十六条生龙，造型生动。

(2)大宫门

大宫门是陵墓区的正门。门分三洞，旁连40公里围墙。门前竖着"官员人等至此下马"碑。门内有数千军士守护，任何人不得闯入。当时规定"谋毁山陵者，以谋大逆论，不分首从，俱凌迟处死"。山陵内盗砍树木者斩，家属发往边疆充军。

(3)碑楼

该楼为重檐顶四出陛、楼内驮巨碑，即长陵的神功圣德碑，高三丈(该碑正式建立于宣德十年，即公元1435年)。正面为神功圣德碑文，3000余字，明成祖长子仁宗朱高炽撰。碑阴是乾隆五十年(1785)，清高宗的《哀明陵三十韵》，详细地记录了长、永、定、思几座陵墓的残破情况。碑东侧是清政府修明陵的花费记录，西侧是嘉庆九年(1804)清仁宗论述明亡的原因。

(4)石象生

神路两侧有一组石雕群，24兽，12人，共18对，36个。包括狮子、獬豸、骆驼、麒麟、马、象各4匹，二卧二立。武臣、文臣、勋臣各4人。

(5)棂星门

棂星门俗称龙凤门，在此处有"天门"之意，门三道之间有短垣相隔。6根门柱形似华表，三门额坊中央雕有石刻火焰珠，故当地人又称其为火焰牌坊。 棂星门北有7孔汉白玉神桥一座，通往长陵陵门。

(二)埋葬帝后简表

陵 名埋 葬年 号庙 号在位年代年 数享 年附葬皇后长 陵朱 棣永 乐成 祖1403～14242265徐 氏献 陵朱高炽洪 熙仁 宗1425148张 氏景 陵朱瞻基宣 德宣 宗1426～14351038孙 氏裕 陵朱祁镇正统天顺英 宗1436～1464(前后)2238钱、周氏茂 陵朱见深成 化宪 宗1465～14872341纪、王、邵氏泰 陵朱佑樘弘 治孝 宗1488～15051836张 氏康 陵朱厚照正 德武 宗1506～15211631夏 氏永 陵朱厚艏 靖世 宗1522～15664560杜、陈、方氏昭 陵朱载趼 庆穆 宗1567～1572636李、陈、李氏定 陵朱翊钧万 历神 宗1573～16204858王、王氏庆 陵朱常洛泰 昌光 宗16201月39郭、王、刘氏德 陵朱由校天 启熹 宗1621～1627723张 氏思 陵朱由检崇 祯思 宗1628～16441735田、周氏

(三)长陵

长陵是十三陵中第一陵，占地10公顷。墓主是明成祖永乐皇帝朱棣和皇后徐氏。

1绷暝捌矫娌季

陵墓有三进院落。第一进院落从陵门到潭髅拧A昝拍诙西侧原有神厨、神库各5间。东南角有碑亭一座，无碑文，建于嘉靖十五年(1536)。清顺治皇帝见过陵墓后，于顺治十六年(1659)，在石碑正面用汉、满两种文字镌刻其谒陵感受。碑阴是乾隆皇帝于1785年谒陵后镌刻的谒明陵八韵。第二进院落从潭髅胖聊诤烀拧T耗邶潭鞯羁9间，深5间，重檐庑殿顶。殿内60根楠木柱，当中4根柱直径都在1米以上。该殿是国内最好的楠木殿。殿中原有大佛龛，供成祖和徐皇后。殿两侧原有廊庑15间，现已无存。第三进院落从内红门至明楼。院内前部是二柱牌坊，依次为石五供、明楼和宝城。 明楼是每座陵墓的标帜，也是每座陵墓中轴线上的最高建筑。楼顶为重檐歇山式，建于方城之上，四出陛，额曰"长陵"。刻碑为万历三十二年重立。原碑刻"太宗"(朱棣原来的庙号)，后来世宗嘉靖皇帝于嘉靖七年改太宗为成祖，未换石碑，只用木雕成祖之碑镶之。万历三十二年(1604)雷击起火，木雕被毁。大学士沈一贯奏请改新碑。明楼两侧连宝城，城内园丘即宝顶，周一百丈，下面即地宫。

2倍西井

长陵的陵园还辖属东西井。东井在德陵馒头山之南，西井在定陵西北。"井"内葬着被"赐死"的殉葬宫妃。她们是皇帝的地下随侍，虽赐死但无资格入地宫。埋葬她们的坟(竖葬)叫"井"。

(四)定陵

定陵在昭陵东北大峪山(原名小峪山)下，埋葬着明代第十三代帝王万历帝朱翊钧和孝端、孝靖二位皇后。万历十一年(1583)朱翊钧借祭陵的机会勘察了陵区，最后决定在小峪山为己建陵，改小峪山为大峪山。因陵地有巨石，工程量级大，有人谏阻其不听，决定次年开工。朱翊钧时年才22岁。从万历十二年开工，至万历十八年竣工，历时6年之久。墓穴工程质量极佳。竣工后，28岁的万历皇帝，曾在自己的地宫中饮酒欢贺，然后将墓口封闭。朱翊钧是个残暴荒淫之君，在位48年不问朝政,纵饮欢乐,还巧立名目广纳民女,如选"九嫔"、"十俊"等。

简单的北京明十三陵导游词5篇(二)

各位游客：

你们好，欢迎你们来到北京旅游，我是你们的导游。

1992年，在“北京旅游世界之最”的评定中，专家学者对十三陵的判定语为“世界上保存完整、埋葬皇帝最多的墓葬群”。20xx年7月，明十三陵被联合国教科文组织列入《世界遗产名录》明清皇家陵寝的扩展项目。《世界遗产名录》对它的评价如下：“明清皇家陵寝依照风水理论，精心选址，将数量众多的建筑物巧妙的安置于地下。它是人类改变自然的产物，体现了传统的建筑装饰思想，阐释了封建中国持续了500余年的世界观和权力观。”

(明成祖朱棣)

十三陵的第一个陵是长陵，从永乐七年(公元1409)动工兴建，到永乐十一年(公元l413)玄宫告成。长陵位于天寿山丰峰南面，它是永乐帝朱棣和皇后徐氏的合葬墓。

明成祖朱棣是明太祖朱元璋的第四个儿子，生于元至正二十年(1360)，明洪武三年(130)封为燕王，洪武十三年(1380)就藩北平。建文元年(1399)朱棣发动“靖难之役”，建文四年(1420)继承皇位，第二年改元永乐。其较突出的历史功绩有：主持编撰《永乐大典》和派遣郑和下西洋。中国被收入《世界遗产名录》的文化古迹中，有4项是朱棣开创奠基的，他们是北京故宫，北京天坛，北京明十三陵，湖北武当山道教古建筑群。皇后徐氏，是开国功臣中山王徐达的长女。永乐五年(公元1420xx年)七月四日病逝，永乐十一年(公元1420xx年)，首先被葬入长陵，她是葬入十三陵的第一人。长陵是明十三陵中规模宏大，营建时间最长，保存的最好的一座陵。

(长陵布局：长陵祾恩殿)

长陵陵园平面布局为“前方后圆”形制。“前方”，是三进深院落：第一深进院落大门为陵门，单檐歇山顶宫门式建筑，门内明朝时东建有神厨，西建有神库，神厨前有碑亭一座，神厨，神库均毁于清朝中期，碑亭尚存;第二进深院落大门为祾恩门，单檐歇山顶。门内即祾恩殿，面阔九间进深五间，重檐庑殿顶。祾恩殿是供奉帝后神位和举行祭祀活动的场所。“祾”是“祭而受福”，“恩”是“罔极之恩”的意思。长陵祾恩殿是明代帝王陵中唯一保存完整的祾恩殿。殿内有60根金丝楠木柱，当中4根柱的直径在l米以上，是我国保存最好的楠木大殿，十分珍贵;第三进深院落大门为棂星门，门内有两柱牌楼门和石几筵。“后圆”即指永乐帝的陵墓，它由宝城，宝山，方城，明楼组成。宝城状如圆形城堡，宝城围起来的土山]宝山，宝山下为玄宫。宝城正前方建方城，方城之上为重檐歇山顶明楼。明楼是每座陵墓的标志，也是每座陵墓中轴线上的最高建筑。原碑刻着朱棣原来的庙号“太宗”，后来世宗嘉靖七年(公元1528)改太宗为成祖，但没能换石碑，只是用木雕镶在成祖的石碑上。明楼内立“圣号碑”碑首为“大明”，下刻“成祖文皇帝之陵”7个字。

长陵陵园还辖有东，西井。东井在德陵馒头山的南面，西井在定陵西北。“井”内葬有被赐死的殉葬宫妃。

明长陵位于北京市昌平区怀长路上，处在天寿山主峰南麓，是明朝第三位皇帝成祖文皇帝朱棣(年号永乐)和皇后徐氏的合葬陵寝。在十三陵中建筑规模最大，营建时间最早，地面建筑也保存得最为完好。它是十三陵中的祖陵，也是陵区内最主要的旅游景点之一。长陵于永乐七年(1420xx年)开始修建，永乐十三年(1420xx年)完工。现存建筑有宝城、明楼、石五供、两柱牌楼门、祾恩殿、祾恩门、碑亭以及三进院落的宫墙和因墙而设的陵门、角门等。地宫未发掘，同时没有被盗墓记录。长陵目前对公众开放。

明长陵位于北京市昌平县境内，距北京故宫五十公里。陵区南起石牌坊，北倚天寿山主峰。四面环山，绿树丛丛。南面又有龙虎两山左右对峙，势如门户。当中奔流不息的山水自西向东而去，好似天然的护陵河。南北贯通的高速路似一条巨龙连接着长陵至故宫。

明长陵为十三陵之首，永乐皇帝和皇后徐氏的合葬墓。是永乐皇帝建北京皇宫(故宫)的第三年(公元1420xx年)自建的“寿宫”。陵园规模宏大，用料严格考究，施工精细，工程浩繁，营建时日旷久，仅地下宫殿就历时四年。

明长陵陵恩殿是嗣皇帝祭祀永乐帝后的场所，建筑在汉白玉雕刻成的三层台基上，金砖铺地。殿面阔九间(66.56米)，进深五间(29.12米)，象征着皇帝“”之位。所有木件全用金丝楠木为之，古色古香。一米多直径，十几米高的六十根金丝楠木大柱，承托着二千三百平方米的重檐庑殿顶，雄伟壮观、举世无双。最粗的一根重檐金柱，高12.58米，底径达到1.124米，为世间罕见佳木。殿中端坐于九龙宝座之上的永乐皇帝铜像，形象逼真，做工精湛考究，此造像是巨上精美绝伦的艺术佳作。此外陈列着明陵地宫出土文物数百件，播放1956年发掘地宫的实况录像，帮助游人解开地宫之谜。

明长陵，建筑最早、面积最大、规模最宏伟、工艺用料最考究、原建筑保护最完整。历经六百年沧桑，仍完好无损，金碧辉煌。它早已被公布为全国第一秕重点文物保护单位。它不权以其宏大的古建筑和辉煌的艺术成就，丰富的历史文化内涵，吸引着每年数以百万计的中外游人和各界专家学者，而且永乐皇帝是世界上赫赫有名的一代有作为的皇帝，所以长陵又是世界最有名的旅游胜地之一。

景区

祾恩门

《太常续考》等文献记载，天寿山诸陵陵殿名为“祾恩殿”，殿门名之为“祾恩门”，始于嘉靖十七年(1538年)，是世宗朱厚熜亲易佳名。其中，“祾”字取“祭而受福”之意，“恩”字取“罔极之恩”意，长陵棱恩门，为单檐歇山顶形制，面阔五间(通阔31.44米)，进深二间(通深14.37米)，正脊顶部距地面高14.57米。檐下斗拱为单翘重昂七踩式，其平身科斗拱耍头的后尾作斜起的杆状，与宋清做法俱不相同。室内明间、次间各设板门一道，稍间封以墙体。其中明间板门之上安有华带式榜额，书“祾恩门”三金字。“稜”字系后世修葺时误写。门下承以旱白玉栏杆围绕的须弥座式台基。其栏杆形制，为龙凤雕饰的望柱，和宝瓶、三幅云式的栏板。台基四角及各栏杆望柱之下，各设有排水用的石雕螭首(龙头)。台基前后则各设有三出踏跺式台阶。其中路台阶间的御路石上雕刻的浅浮雕图案十分精美：下面是海水江牙云腾浪涌，海水中宝山矗立，两匹海马跃出水面凌波奔驰;上面是两条矫健的巨龙在云海中升降飞腾，追逐火珠，呈现出一派波澜壮阔的雄伟景象。

陵宫建筑

长陵的陵宫建筑，占地约12万平方米。其平面布局呈前方后圆形状。其前面的方形部分，由前后相连的三进院落组成。第一进院落，前设陵门一座。其制为单檐歇山顶的宫门式建筑，面阔显五间，檐下额枋、飞子、檐椽及单昂三踩式斗拱均系琉璃构件;其下辟有三个红券门。陵门之前建有月台，左右建有随墙式角门(已拆除并封塞)。院内，明朝时建有神厨(居左)、神库(居右)各五间，神厨之前建有碑亭一座。神厨、神库均毁于清代中期，碑亭则保存至今。

简单的北京明十三陵导游词5篇(三)

现在大家已经来到了北京的远郊昌平区，那即将进入的就是十三陵景区。利用这段时间，我来给大家讲解一下十三陵的历史背景和说明。

明朝永乐皇帝朱棣在1420xx年派了一些风水术士到北京选择“吉壤”，其实就是吉祥的土地，准备修建陵寝。当时这些人找了很多地方，但是都不成功，开始他们选在了口外的屠家营，可是皇帝姓朱，与猪同音，犯了地讳。然后又选在了昌平西南的羊山脚下，可是后面有个村子叫“狼口峪”，这样岂不是更危险!后来选过京西的“燕家台”，有与“宴驾”同音，太不吉利了。最后直到明永乐七年，才选定了现在的这片天寿山陵区，在周围有蟒山，虎峪，龙山和天寿山。这里正符合了阴阳五行中四方之神的所在位置，就是东青龙，西白虎，南朱雀，北玄武，还有温榆河经过这里，真可以说是风水宝地。从此可见当时皇帝要为自己修建一个陵寝要耗费多少精力啊。随后，就开始修建了长陵，经过四年终于竣工了。那明朝历代的皇帝，也陆续在这里修建了陵寝。而且从1409修建长陵一直到1644年明王朝灭亡，这200多年间，明十三陵的营建工程从来没有间断过。在这方圆40平方公里的范围，埋葬了明代十三位皇帝，二十三位皇后，还有许多的妃子，太子等等。可是这里也没能够完整的保留下来，在清兵入关以后，为了报复金人将清太祖的祖坟毁掉，所以就将这里烧了。后来在乾隆五十年的时候，为了笼络汉人，就下令修缮陵区。在新中国成立以后，对这里进行了大规模的开发，并且开放了的长陵、定陵和昭陵，其中定陵的地宫已经被发掘了。现在这里已经成为了全国重点风景名胜区，是世界上保存完整、埋葬皇帝最多的墓葬群。现在大家可能在想：明朝不是有十六个皇帝么?怎么在这里只有十三个皇帝的陵寝?其实原因很简单，明太祖朱元璋因为建都南京，所以他的陵墓当然就在南京啦，也就是明孝陵;而明朝第二个皇帝建文帝，因为被朱棣夺取了皇位，尸骨下落不明，所以这里就没有他的陵墓;在明朝第七代皇帝英宗的时候，他曾经被宦官王振怂恿，率军亲征，后来在河北怀来的土木堡被瓦刺军俘虏，这个事件称为“土木之变”，一国不能无君，所以他的兄弟就被册封为景泰帝，而后又上演了英宗重新夺取皇位的“夺门之变”，所以在十三陵中没有景泰帝的陵墓，他以亲王的礼节被安葬在西郊的金山口。这样一来，大家一定都明白了为什么这里叫做十三陵了。

现在大家沿途看到的这一个石牌坊，就是陵区的标志，是嘉靖年间制造的。这个牌坊是5间6柱11楼，高有14米，宽达到了28.86米，是现在国内保存下来最大、最精美的石牌坊，上边的图案装饰也都是云龙图案，反映了皇家建筑的特点。

大宫门就是陵墓区的正门儿，也叫大红门。门是南向的，分三洞，在这个门里边就是陵墓区。在门两侧都有刻着“官员人等至此下马”的下马碑，因为当时规定这些人进入陵区都是要步行，否则可是要治罪的。而且这里也是禁区，不是一般老百姓可以随便进入的地方，严重的是要被斩首的。而进了这个门儿，也就走进了贯穿陵园南北，能够直接通到长陵陵门的神道，明朝的神道，也是我国历代修建的帝王陵中神道最长的，其实他的主要作用就是让皇帝灵魂通过的地方，全长有7公里。

我们一边走着，就可以看到前边有一个碑亭。这个碑亭是重檐歇山顶的建筑，里边有赑屃驮着巨碑，这个就是长陵的神功颂德碑，正式建立于1435年，正面就是永乐皇帝的长子朱高炽写的颂德碑文，有3000多字，而背面则是在乾隆五十年撰写的《哀明陵三十韵》，里边详细记录了陵墓的破损情况。碑身的东面是清政府修缮陵墓的花费，西侧则是在嘉庆九年论述明王朝灭亡的原因。

过了碑亭，我们继续沿着神道行走，会发现在神路两侧，都有很多石雕。其实这里一共有36座石雕，叫做石像生。紧挨着碑亭后边的是两根石望柱，接下来就是狮子、獬豸、骆驼、大象、麒麟、马，各有四匹，按照先卧后立的顺序排列。然后是武臣、文臣和勋臣各有四人。修建这些，都是为了体现帝王生前的仪仗和死后的尊严。所以体积都非常大，雕刻的都非常精细。而且这些也都象征着皇帝在生前可以得到尊崇，到了死后也是同样得到尊崇。，各方神圣和文武百官还是要为我独尊。

再往前走，就可以看到一座棂星门，也叫龙凤门，取天门之意。在这个三门六柱的门中央位置上，有三个火焰宝珠，所以这里也被叫做火焰牌坊。

我们其实一直都是沿着神道来前进的，来回顾一下，先是石牌坊，然后到了大宫门，现在我们就要已经进入了长陵了。碑亭，石象生，过了龙凤门，还有一段路程就可以到达长陵的陵门了。而我们所说的整个陵墓群的中轴线其实也就是这条贯穿陵园南北，全长共7公里的神道。

说到长陵，它是明十三陵中的第一座陵，始建于1420xx年，在1420xx年全部建成，是明成祖永乐皇帝朱棣和徐皇后的合葬墓。朱棣是明太祖朱元璋的第四个儿子，当朱元璋死后，朱棣就以靖难为名，从北平发兵攻下南京，并且从当时的皇帝朱允文手中夺得了皇位，改年号为永乐，这件事历史上称之为靖难之役。朱棣是一位很了不起的皇帝，当了皇帝以后仍然为了巩固明朝的统治而连年征战，并且在1420xx年做出了迁都北京的重大决定。在他所统治的明朝年间，国库充实，政局稳定，而且还命人写作了《永乐大典》这部我国历史上最大的类书，派郑和七下西洋，发展了各国之间友好关系。而他的贤内助徐皇后，也就是明朝开国元勋徐达的女儿也是一位有中国古典美的女性，她曾经编写了《内训》和《劝善》用以化育人心，在用了五年的时候病逝了。值得一提的是葬入长陵的第一个人并不是朱棣，而是徐皇后。长陵共占地10公顷，中轴线由陵恩门，陵恩殿，明楼，宝城和宝顶共同组成。陵墓共有三进院，第一进院是从陵门道陵恩门，可以看到左右两侧各有一个小碑亭，但当时上面都没有文字，现在的文字是清顺治皇帝写上的。陵恩殿坐落在陵墓的第二进院落中，在1412，明永乐十四年建成，是供奉牌位和举行祭祀活动的地方。它面阔九间，进深五间，是重檐庑殿顶的建筑，殿内有60根楠木柱，中间的四根直径都达到了一米以上，是国内最好的楠木殿。原来陵恩殿中陈列有大佛龛，现在已经没有了，取而代之的是后人制作的永乐皇帝坐像，大家可以绕道坐像的后边来看一下，可以看到椅背上刻有一条龙，而龙头则正对着万历皇帝的头部，这象征着皇帝是真龙天子。而四周则是出土文物的展览。

咱们从殿后的门一出来，就到达了第三进院落，每座陵墓的标志——明楼就在这里。大家可以看到这里也有一个碑亭，石碑上刻有成祖文皇帝之陵，因为皇帝姓朱，所以碑身也都是用的朱砂红色。

由于长陵的地宫没有发掘，所以我们在长陵的游览就先告一段落。不过大家不用着急，接下来我们将要去的定陵，就可以让大家参观到古代皇帝的地下宫殿了。

定陵是明朝第13位皇帝神宗万历朱翊钧和孝端、孝靖两位皇后的合葬墓。朱翊钧是明朝在位最久的皇帝，他的为人和永乐皇帝朱棣可以说成为了鲜明的对比。他非常贪婪懒惰，在他九岁即位的时候，由于有大臣张居正的辅佐，国家发展的还算比较稳定，可是后来张居正病逝，他便利用这个机会为自己选择了陵地，花费了800万两白银，用了六年时间，建了工程质量最好的定陵，而他居然因为陵寝修建的非常满意，而在地宫当中举行了盛大的宴会，真实一位让人苦笑不得的皇帝。而他不仅如此，在他在位的48年当中，竟然有20xx年不理朝政，导致国家处于瘫痪状态。后人评论，其实明朝灭亡的命运，在万历皇帝朱翊钧时就已经成为定局了。他有两位皇后，其实在开始的时候孝靖皇后身份低下，可是与他有了一个男孩，就是后来的“一月天子”朱常洛，母以子贵，她就被封为贵妃。但是她比朱翊钧早死了九年，并没有葬在定陵里，直到后来追封她为太皇太后的时候，才与万历皇帝朱翊钧，孝端皇后共同葬入陵寝。朱翊钧的另一个皇后孝端与他没有孩子，在她去世后不到百日，朱翊钧也去世了，所以他们是同日葬入定陵的。

一进入定陵陵区，我们首先看到的是一个碑亭，里边就是神功圣德碑，也称为无字碑。碑顶有云龙交盘，下端雕有海水纹的图案，碑座也是龙九子之一赑屃。在十三陵中，除了长陵以外，其他的陵碑都没有字。这是因为原来在献景裕茂泰康六个陵门前没有碑亭，当然也就没有碑文一说，可是后来这六个碑亭相继建成，碑文理应有当时的嘉靖皇帝撰写，可是他忙于炼丹成仙，根本没工夫理会，所以导致六个碑空空如也。在永陵之后的陵墓，因为祖宗的墓碑上都没有写字，所以怕冒犯祖先，也都没有撰写碑文，这样就形成了今天我们所看到的景象。定陵的这个碑背面有一个满月型的痕迹，所以俗称月亮碑，传说它还有灵性，能随月亮阴晴圆缺而发光，可是后来陵园着火，就失去了灵性。

过了碑亭，我们所看到的两座高石台基就是定陵陵恩门和陵恩殿的遗址。这里原来也叫享殿，它是举行祭祀典礼的地方，当时面阔七间，清兵入关的时候曾经遭到破坏，到了乾隆年间，对这里进行了修复，但是后来又遭到了破坏。

在往前走，我们可以看到一个陈列室，这里陈列展出的都是定陵的出土文物，是在地宫挖掘之后兴建的。展室分为南北两个部分，南侧主要陈列地宫出土的万历皇帝的随葬品，北侧则是两位太后的随葬品，都非常精美，各位尽可以一饱眼福。

现在来到了明楼，它也是定陵陵墓的标志。明楼为石结构建筑，是定陵地面保存最完好的建筑，始终没有遭到破坏。在明楼黄色琉璃瓦顶上，镶有一块高大的石榜，刻有定陵二字，在明楼内的碑额上篆有大名二字，而碑身上则刻有神宗显皇帝之陵七个大字。它与宝城相连。宝城是一道用城砖垒起的圆形大墙，墙上有垛口，城墙高7.5米，上厚下薄，周长800米，在它围绕的中间有一个人工堆成的大土丘，其实就是皇陵的坟头，叫做宝顶。

咱们现在正从左侧的通道走入地宫。定陵地宫的挖掘工作是从1956年5月开始的，在1958年结束。最开始，工作人员是发现了宝城西南侧墙上露出了一处券门，于是就正对着券门开了第一条探沟，到了底部发现了用城砖砌成的隧道。在三个月以后，沿着隧道的方向在明楼西面开了第二条探沟，在这条探沟的挖掘过程中，碰到了刻有“此时至今刚墙前皮十六丈、深三丈五尺”的石碑，从而得到了关于打开地宫的正确方向。工作人员沿着这个方向，又开了第三条探沟，最终找到了石隧道，并且发现了金刚墙，打开金刚墙，里边有一个方形的石券室，在西侧正中有两扇汉白玉的石门，从里边顶着“自来石”，而工作人员只用了铁丝和木板，不到五分钟，就将沉睡了337年的定陵地宫打开了。

地宫深度是27米，总面积达到了1195平方米，整个建筑的用料都是砖石，可以说是地下的无梁殿，礼制上是仿明堂的“九重法宫制”，分为前中后左右五个殿堂由七扇汉白玉门连接，最大的一扇高3.3米，宽1.7米，重达4吨，看上去很笨重，其实设计非常的合理。石门的重心偏向门轴，所以开关自如;门扇上横着设有防止倒塌的青铜扇管，重量大约是10吨;在门正面雕刻有乳状门钉和衔环铺首，背面与之相对应的地方有一个凸起的部分，关门以后，自来石就承托在这里。

在地宫前殿和左右两个配殿中没有任何的陈设。而现在到达的中殿高7.2米，宽6米，地面是金砖铺地，据记载，这种砖会越擦越亮的。殿中陈设有汉白玉石宝座，它的样式和皇帝生前宝座是一样的，在前边也就是孝靖和孝端皇后的宝座雕有凤头，而万历皇帝的宝座靠背和扶手都雕有龙头。原来宝座的陈列是呈品字形的，后来为了方便游人参观，才改变了陈设。在三个宝座之前，设有祭祀用具黄琉璃五供，包括一个香炉，两个烛台，和两个香瓶，和嘉靖年间的青花云龙大瓷缸，这个缸中原来是盛有香油，里边放有灯芯的，叫做长明灯，但是由于关门后地宫缺氧，所以这盏灯并没有长明。

在中殿后面的就是后殿，它是地宫中最大的一个殿，高大9.5米，长31米，宽9.1米，地面上铺设的是磨光的花斑石。在后殿中设有白石镶边的棺床一座，中央有一个长型方孔，中间填的是黄土，也就是选择墓穴时的第一铲黄土，叫做金井，它是整座陵寝建筑格局的基本点。在棺椁四周和棺椁内放有玉石，或者在死者口中含有玉石，称为玉葬。之所以这样，是因为古人认为金井可以沟通阴阳，交流生气，而玉葬能够保持尸体不腐烂。金井玉葬在明清两代是最高等级的葬礼。当然这些都是古人的理想而已，没有什么科学根据。在棺床的上安放有万历皇帝和两位皇后的棺椁，还有装随葬品的26个木箱。

按照皇帝陵寝的规置，后殿只是安放皇帝棺椁用的，那为什么两个皇后的棺椁也出现在这里呢?这个现象在史料中是没有明确记载的，可是根据专家推测：在万历四十八年的时候，先是孝端皇后病逝，接着七月就是万历皇帝去世，而他的儿子朱常洛也在即位29天死于红丸案，在这短短百日之内，死了两位皇帝，一位皇后，还有孝靖皇后还要迁葬，这么巨大的任务都压在了刚刚即位的皇帝朱由校身上，所以准备工作十分的仓促。而且当时正好是雨季，安放皇后的配殿不方便打开，于是皇帝皇后的棺椁就都从正门进去了。可是到了地宫发现配殿的甬道太窄了，皇后的棺椁进不去，所以只好将它们一并放入了后殿当中。现在大家可以明白地宫中棺椁的摆设呈这样是怎样一回事儿了吧。那好，现在就请大家跟随我走出地宫。

随着参观定陵的活动结束，我们今天的明十三陵之行也将近尾声了，相信大家一定都为这座巨大的帝王陵墓群而感叹，随着我国文物保护工作的不断开展，国家投入了大量的资金修缮明十三陵，这座规模宏大的帝王陵寝也将被永久的保存下去。同时，我也希望各位游客能对这里留下美好的印象，欢迎各位下次再来参观。

简单的北京明十三陵导游词5篇(四)

各位游客：

你们好，欢迎你们来到北京旅游，我是你们的导游。

十三陵是明朝十三代皇帝及皇后之陵墓的简称，在北京西北约44公里的昌平县天寿山下的小盆地上，面积约40平方公里。从德胜门驱车直下，向北经沙河、昌平就可到达十三陵了。

十三座墓陵的建筑布局、规制等基本相同，只在面积大小、建筑繁简等方面略有差异。其中明成祖朱棣所葬之墓——长陵，是十三陵中规模最大的。长陵建于明永乐十一年(1420xx年)，陵内有主要建筑棱恩殿、明楼和宝顶。棱恩殿为我国现存形体最大的一座木结构建筑。定陵是明神宗朱翊均的安寝之地，是十三陵中唯一被发掘的陵墓，著名的十三陵地下宫殿就在这里。定陵修建于万历十二年(1584年)，规模宏大，仅当年役使的军卒、工匠就达三万余人。地下宫殿的发掘，出土了大量珍贵的文物，成为研究明代历史的宝贵资料。另一座明陵——永陵，是明世宗朱厚聪的陵寝，其规模虽不及长陵，但构造精美细致，其主要建筑明楼，为十三陵建筑之冠。

十三陵除以上景点供游人观览外，还有著名的石牌楼(为我国最大的古石坊)及造型细腻、栩栩如生的石象生。1958年修建的十三陵水库，更给十三陵增添了新的光彩，成为夏季旅游的好去处。十三陵第九号皇陵——昭陵，也从1985年开始修复，1989年11月1日修复完毕，对外开放。十三陵为1961年国务院公布的第一批全国重点文物保护单位之一。

明十三陵，世界文化遗产，全国重点文物保护单位，国家重点风景名胜区，国家AAAAA级旅游景区。

明十三陵坐落于北京市昌平区天寿山麓，总面积一百二十余平方公里，距离天安门约五十公里。自永乐七年(1409)五月始作长陵，到明朝最后一帝崇祯葬入思陵止，其间230多年，先后修建了十三座皇帝陵墓、七座妃子墓、一座太监墓。共埋葬了十三位皇帝、二十三位皇后、二位太子、三十余名妃嫔、两位太监。

明十三陵坐落于天寿山麓。总面积一百二十余平方公里。距离北京约五十公里。十三陵地处东、西、北三面环山的小盆地之中，陵区周围群山环抱，中部为平原，陵前有小河曲折蜿蜒，山明水秀，景色宜人。

这里自永乐七年(1409)五月始作长陵，到明朝最后一帝崇祯葬入思陵止，其间230多年，先后修建了十三座皇帝陵墓、七座妃子墓、一座太监墓。共埋葬了十三位皇帝、二十三位皇后、二位太子、三十余名妃嫔、一位太监。

十三座皇陵均依山而筑，分别建在东、西、北三面的山麓上，形成了体系完整、规模宏大、气势磅礴的陵寝建筑群。明代术士认为，这里是"风水"胜境，绝佳"吉壤"。因此被明朝选为营建皇陵的"万年寿域"。

该陵园建于1409～1644年，距今已有300～500多年历史。陵区占地面积达40平方公里，是中国乃至世界现存规模最大、帝后陵寝最多的一处皇陵建筑群。明代时，于途中的沙河镇北，建有七孔石造"朝宗桥"。在镇东，则筑有壮丽的"巩华城"。该城原为嘉靖皇帝祭陵时中途休息的行宫，现仅存遗址。

景区简介

明十三陵坐落于天寿山麓。总面积一百二十余平方公里。距离北京约五十公里。十三陵地处东、西、北三面环山的小盆地之中，陵区周围群山环抱，中部为平原，陵前有小河曲折蜿蜒，山明水秀，景色宜人。

这里自永乐七年(1409)五月始作长陵，到明朝最后一帝崇祯葬入思陵止，其间230多年，先后修建了十三座皇帝陵墓、七座妃子墓、一座太监墓。共埋葬了十三位皇帝、二十三位皇后、二位太子、三十余名妃嫔、一位太监。

十三座皇陵均依山而筑，分别建在东、西、北三面的山麓上，形成了体系完整、规模宏大、气势磅礴的陵寝建筑群。明代术士认为，这里是"风水"胜境，绝佳"吉壤"。因此被明朝选为营建皇陵的"万年寿域"。

该陵园建于1409～1644年，距今已有300～500多年历史。陵区占地面积达40平方公里，是中国乃至世界现存规模最大、帝后陵寝最多的一处皇陵建筑群。明代时，于途中的沙河镇北，建有七孔石造"朝宗桥"。在镇东，则筑有壮丽的"巩华城"。该城原为嘉靖皇帝祭陵时中途休息的行宫，现仅存遗址。[1]

地理位置

明十三陵是中国明朝皇帝的墓葬群，坐落在北京西北郊昌平区境内的燕山山麓的天寿山。

历史沿革

发展历史

明十三陵建于1409～1645年，陵区占地面积达40平方公里。

中华人民共和国成立后，政府为了保护这一文物古迹，从解放初期就开始进行维修，并将十三陵作为全国重点文物加以保护。

1957年，北京市政府公布十三陵为北京市第一批重点古建文物保护单位。

1961年，十三陵被公布为全国重点文物保护单位。

1982年，国务院公布八达岭-十三陵风景区为全国44个重点风景名胜保护区之一。

1991年，十三陵被国家旅游局确定为“中国旅游胜地四十佳”之一。

1992年，十三陵被北京旅游世界之最评选委员会评为“是世界上保存完整埋葬皇帝最多的墓葬群。”

20xx年，明十三陵被列入《世界遗产目录》。

20xx年，国家旅游局批准明十三陵景区为国家5A级旅游景区。

20xx年7月1日，明十三陵优待券全面取消，所有游客均需购票参观。

名称由来

明十三陵是明朝迁都北京后13位皇帝陵墓的皇家陵寝的总称，依次建有长陵(成祖)、献陵(仁宗)、景陵(宣宗)、裕陵(英宗)、茂陵(宪宗)、泰陵(孝宗)、康陵(武宗)、永陵(世宗)、昭陵(穆宗)、定陵(神宗)、庆陵(光宗)、德陵(熹宗)、思陵(思宗)，故称十三陵。景区已开放景点有长陵、定陵、昭陵、神路。

本段景点介绍

景区已开放景点有长陵、定陵、昭陵、神路。

明长陵

明长陵位于天寿山主峰南麓，是明朝第三位皇帝成祖文皇帝朱棣(年号永乐)和皇后徐氏的合葬陵寝。在十三陵中建筑规模最大，营建时间最早，地面建筑也保存得最为完好。它是十三陵中的祖陵，也是陵区内最主要的旅游景点之一。

长陵的陵宫建筑，占地约12万平方米。其平面布局呈前方后圆形状。其前面的方形部分，由前后相连的三进院落组成。

第一进院落，前设陵门一座。其制为单檐歇山顶的宫门式建筑，面阔显五间，檐下额枋、飞子、檐椽及单昂三踩式斗拱均系琉璃构件;其下辟有三个红券门。陵门之前建有月台，左右建有随墙式角门(已拆除并封塞)。院内，明朝时建有神厨(居左)、神库(居右)各五间，神厨之前建有碑亭一座。神厨、神库均毁于清代中期，碑亭则保存至今。

第二进院落，前面设殿门一座，名为祾恩门。据《太常续考》等文献记载，天寿山诸陵陵殿名为“祾恩殿”，殿门名之为“祾恩门”，始于嘉靖十七年(1538年)，是世宗朱厚熜亲易佳名。其中，“祾”字取“祭而受福”之意，“恩”字取“罔极之恩”意，长陵棱恩门，为单檐歇山顶形制，面阔五间(通阔31.44米)，进深二间(通深14.37米)，正脊顶部距地面高14.57米。檐下斗拱为单翘重昂七踩式，其平身科斗拱耍头的后尾作斜起的杆状，与宋清做法皆不相同。室内明间、次间各设板门一道，稍间封以墙体。其中明间板门之上安有华带式榜额，书“祾恩门”三金字。“稜”字系后世修葺时误写。门下承以旱白玉栏杆围绕的须弥座式台基。其栏杆形制，为龙凤雕饰的望柱，和宝瓶、三幅云式的栏板。台基四角及各栏杆望柱之下，各设有排水用的石雕螭首(龙头)。台基前后则各设有三出踏跺式台阶。其中路台阶间的御路石上雕刻的浅浮雕图案十分精美：下面是海水江牙云腾浪涌，海水中宝山矗立，两匹海马跃出水面凌波奔驰;上面是两条矫健的巨龙在云海中升降飞腾，追逐火珠，呈现出一派波澜壮阔的雄伟景象。

祾恩门两侧还各有掖门一座，均作随墙式琉璃花门，门上的斗拱、额枋，门顶的瓦饰、椽飞均为黄绿琉璃件组装，在红墙的映衬下格外分明。院内，北面正中位置建有高大巍峨的祾恩殿。这座大殿在明清两代，是用于供奉帝后神牌(牌位)和举行上陵祭祀活动的地方。

明定陵

明定陵是明代第十三位皇帝神宗显皇帝朱翊钧(年号万历)的陵墓。这里还葬有他的两个皇后。该陵坐落在大峪山下，位于长陵西南方，建于1584～1590年(万历十二年至万历十八年)。主要建筑有祾恩门、祾恩殿、宝城、明楼和地下宫殿等。占地1820xx平方米。它是十三陵中唯一一座被发掘了的陵墓。定陵地宫可供游人参观。

定陵早在万历帝生前就开始营建，万历十二年(公元1584年)开工，历时6年方完成，耗银八百万两。陵墓建成时皇帝只有28岁，直到1620xx年才正式启用。定陵成为十三陵中最大的三座陵园之一。它的地面建筑共占18万平方米，前有宽阔院落三进，后有高大宝城一座。陵正门前方是三卒汉白玉石桥。过了桥是高大的碑亭。亭周围有祠祭署、宰牲亭、定陵监等建筑物300多间。再往后就是陵园最外面的围墙-外罗城(围墙外的围墙)。

陵宫的总体布局亦呈前方后圆之形。其外围是一道将宝城、宝城前方院一包在内的“外罗城”。城内面积约18万平方米。清梁份《帝陵图说》对这道外城成做过这样的描述：“铺地墙基，其石皆文石，滑泽如新，微尘不能染。左右长垣琢为山水、花卉、龙凤、麒麟、海马、龟蛇之壮(状)，莫不宛然逼肖，真巧夺天工也。”又谓：“覆墙黄同瓦瓦，刻砖为斗拱，檐牙玲珑嵌空，光莹如玉石。甲申之变，寸寸毁之，而不能尽毁也。”外罗城仅前部正当中轴线位置设宫门一座，即陵寝第一道门。其制，黄瓦、朱扉、设券门三道。

外罗城内，偏后部位为宝城。宝城之前，在外罗城内设有三进方形的院落。

第一进院落，前设单檐歇山顶式陵门一座，制如外罗城门，为陵寝第二道门，又称重门。其左右各设有随墙式掖门一道。院落之内无建筑设施，院落之前(外罗城之内)左侧建有神厨三间，右侧建有神库三间。

第二进院落，前墙之间设祾恩门。其制面阔五间(通阔26.47米)，进深二间(通深11.46米)，下承一层须弥座式台基。台基之上龙凤望柱头式的石栏杆及大小螭首设置齐备。前后还各设有三出踏跺式台阶。

第三进院落，前墙间建有陵园最主要的殿宇——祾恩殿。其形制为重檐顶，面阔七间(通阔50.6米)，进深五间(通深28.1米)，下承须弥座式台基一层，围栏雕饰同祾恩门。台基前部出有月台。月台前设三出踏跺式台阶，左右各设一出。殿有后门，故台基的后面亦设踏跺式台阶一出。其中，后面一出踏跺及月台前中间一出踏跺设有御路石雕。刻龙凤戏珠(左升龙，右降凤)及海水江牙图案。祾恩殿左右各设随墙式掖门一座。院内沿中轴线设有两柱牌楼门(棂星门)一座、石几筵一套。牌楼门的两柱作出头式，白石雕成、截面为方形，顶部雕坐龙，前后戗以石抱鼓。石几筵，由石供案和石供器组成。石供案作须弥座式，石供器由香炉(一座)、烛台(二座)、花瓶(二座)组成。形制如长、永等陵。

由于宝城的隧道门设于宝城墙的右前方，帝后棺椁在享殿(祾恩殿)内举行“安神礼”后，必须途经外罗城内能进入宝城的隧道门入葬玄宫，同时考虑到建筑设计的对称性，在第三进院落左右两墙又对称地设有随墙式掖门各一座。

此外，定陵外罗城之前，左侧还建有宰性亭、祠祭署，右侧建有神宫监、神马房等附属建筑。定陵卫的营房则建于昌平城内。其中，定陵祠祭署的建筑布局是，中为公座(办公用的正厅)，后为官舍，前为门。神宫监有重门厅室，房屋多至300余间。

明昭陵

明昭陵位于大峪山东麓，是明朝第十二代皇帝穆宗庄皇帝朱载垕(年号隆庆)及其三位皇后的合葬陵寝。昭陵是十三陵中第一座大规模复原修葺的陵园，也是陵区正式开放的旅游景点之一。

昭陵陵园建筑面积为35000平方米，现存有完整的祾恩门、祾恩殿及其东西配殿，和方城、明楼、宝顶等。这里埋葬有明朝第十二帝穆宗朱载垕和他的三位皇后。

明朝灭亡后，昭陵先后遭到两次破坏。公元1644年，战乱中明楼遭火焚;清朝康熙三十四年(1695年)三月五日，大雨滂沱，雷电交加，陵恩殿和两庑配殿又遭雷击起火，陵卒拼命扑救，只救下了两庑配殿，陵恩殿被彻底烧毁。随着岁月的推移，到了乾隆年间，两庑配殿和陵恩门又相继残坏。乾隆五十至五十二年(1785-1787年)，清政府为缓和民族矛盾，重新修葺明十三陵。昭陵也在修葺之中。从遗址分析，当时修葺的项目只有明楼、棱恩门、棱恩殿三项工程。这次重修，虽然使陵园制度稍趋完备，但却改变了原有建筑的规制。

明楼的斗拱，依明朝制度各陵均为上檐单翘重昂七踩斗拱，下檐重昂五踩斗拱。而修葺后的昭陵却变成了上下檐均为单翘单昂五踩斗拱。明楼内还增加了条石券顶。棱恩门、棱恩殿虽然重建时间数没有大的变动，但都缩小了尺度。棱恩殿，原制面阔五间(30.38米)，进深四间(16.77米);清代重建后，面阔间数没有改变，尺度却缩小为23.3米。进深改为三间，尺度缩小为11.92米。棱恩门，原为面阔三间(18.44米)，进深二间(8.04米);清代重建后面阔缩小为12.52米，进深缩小为6.77米。陵内的两庑配殿和陵前的神功圣德碑亭不仅没有重建，而且残垣断壁也被拆除。只在碑石周围旧亭基上修建了一周宇墙。此后，长达220xx年的时间里一直没有修缮。昔日壮丽的陵园建筑满目凄凉，只剩下残坏的明楼和陵墙了。

明永陵

明永陵位于阳翠岭南麓，是明朝第十一代皇帝世宗肃皇帝朱厚熜(年号嘉靖)及陈氏、方氏、杜氏三位皇后的合葬陵寝。

永陵大约经过7-20xx年的经营，永陵营建大体告成。建成后的永陵与前七陵相较，确有两大独特之处。

首先，是规模宏大。在古代，陵园规模的大小，取决于陵园殿庑、明楼及宝城规则。按照《大明会典》的记载，永陵宝城直径为81丈，裬恩殿为重檐七间，左右配殿各九间，其规制仅次于长陵，而超过献、景、裕、茂、泰、康六陵制度。其裬恩门面阔五间则与长陵相等，其后仅定陵与之同制。

另外，永陵的方院和宝城之外，还有一道前七陵都没有的外罗城，其制“壮大，甃石之缜密精工，长陵规画之心思不及也”。外罗城之内，左列神厨，右列神库各五间，还仿照深宫永巷之制，建有东西长街。古人设计了外罗城，以便将皇妃们埋葬于外罗城之内，其布葬的位置则拟在宝山城之外，明楼之前，亦即明楼前左右宫墙之外，左右相向，依次而袝。后来，世宗的皇妃们的墓窒虽然没有按原议定的方案，修在外罗城内，但外罗城则按原定计划修建了。

明献陵

献陵是明朝第四位皇帝仁宗昭皇帝朱高炽(洪熙)和皇后张氏的陵寝，就位于天寿山西峰之下，长陵的旁边，目前封闭没有开放。

陵寝制度确实比较俭朴。其神道从长陵神道北五空桥北分出，长约1公里。途中建有单空石桥一座。路面为中铺城砖，两侧墁碎石为散水，十分俭朴。其朝向为南偏西200，占地仅4.2万平方米左右。其陵殿、两庑配殿、神厨均各为5间，而且都是单檐建筑;门楼(祾恩门)则仅为3间;城下券门改为更简单的直通前后的形式。照壁则因之不设于券洞内而设于方城之后，墓冢之前。上登明楼的礓石察 量路则改为设于宝城之内的方城左右两侧。由于献陵陵制不追求奢华，所以，前人在述及明陵时有“献陵最朴，景陵最小”之说，它为此后的明陵建筑树立了楷模。

明献陵还有一个特点，这就是祾恩殿和方城明楼在院落上彼此不相连属。前面以祾恩殿为主，建有一进院落，殿前左右建两庑配殿和神帛炉。院的正门，是祾恩门，也即陵园的大门，门前出大月台，院后设单座门一道。后面以宝城、明楼为主，前出一进院落。院内建两柱棂星门、石供案。院门为三座单檐歇山顶的琉璃花门。二院之间，隔一座小土山(影壁山)。

明庆陵

明庆陵，位于北京昌平天寿山陵内黄山寺二岭南麓，是明朝第十四代皇帝光宗贞皇帝朱常洛(年号泰昌)和皇后郭氏、王氏、刘氏的合葬陵寝。

庆陵的地下玄宫自天启元年(公元1620xx年)三月定穴营建，七月二十九日合龙门，历时四个月，耗帑银150万两。且工程质量精细，除玄宫全部用石料外，其“后、中、前殿”，有“重门相隔”。天启六年(公元1620xx年)地面建筑完工。其陵园建筑由神道、陵宫及陵宫外附属建筑三部分组成。神道上建单空石桥一座。近陵处建神功圣德碑亭遗作，亭内竖碑，螭首龟跌，无字。

陵宫建筑总体布局呈前方后圆形状，占地约2.76万平方米。前面有两进方院，彼此不相连接，在二进院落之间有神道相连，并于第一进院落后建单空石桥三座。第一进院落，以祾恩门为陵门，单檐歇山顶，面阔三间。院内建祾恩殿及左右配殿，各五间。神帛炉两座。第二进院落，前设三座门，内建两柱牌楼门及石供案，案上摆放石质香炉一，驻泰、花瓶各二，方院之后为圆形宝城，在宝城入口处建有方形城台，城台之上建重檐歇山式明楼。楼内竖圣号碑，上刻“大明”“光宗贞皇帝之陵”。明楼后宝城内满填黄土，中央夯筑上小下大的圆柱形体为宝顶，底部直径约28米。冢前拦土墙与宝城墙等高，并与宝城城台及两侧墙体围成一个平面近于“月牙”形状的院落——哑巴院，院内有随墙式琉璃照壁。零工外还有一些附属建筑，如宰牲亭、神厨、神库、祠祭署、神宫监、朝房、果园、榛厂、神马房等。

明茂陵

明茂陵，位于裕陵右侧的聚宝山下，是明朝第八代皇帝宪宗纯皇帝朱见深(年号成化)和王氏、纪氏、邵氏三位皇后的合葬陵寝。

位于裕陵右侧的聚宝山下，是明朝第八帝宪宗纯皇帝朱见深(年号成化)和王氏、纪氏、邵氏三位皇后的合葬陵寝。

茂陵的建筑在清初时保存尚好，而且祾恩殿内的陈设也保存较多。顾炎武《昌平山水记》记载顺治、康熙年间茂陵的情况是： “十二陵惟茂陵独完，他陵或仅存御榻，茂陵则簨虡之属犹有存者。”至清朝末年，祾恩门因年久失修已经倒塌，民国年间祾恩殿本已残坏，又被拆毁。其现状情况同裕陵。

明康陵

明康陵，位于金岭(又名莲花山或八宝莲花山)东麓，是明朝第十代皇帝武宗毅皇帝朱厚照(年号正德)和皇后夏氏的合葬陵寝。

建陵用时1年，总体布局沿袭前制，呈前方后圆形状。该陵建于正德十六年(1520xx年)，占地2.7万平方米。明末，康陵曾遭到烧毁，在清朝乾隆年间，曾被整修。

明景陵

明景陵，位于天寿山东峰(又名黑山)之下，是明朝第五代皇帝宣宗章皇帝朱瞻基(年号宣德)与皇后孙氏的合葬陵寝。

其神道从长陵神道北五空桥南向东分出，长约1.5公里，途中建单空石桥一座。陵宫朝向为南偏西55o，占地约2.5万平方米。宝城因地势修成前方后圆的修长形状。前面的二进方院和后面的宝城连成一体。中轴线上依次修建祾恩门、祾恩殿、三座门、棂星门、石供案、方城、明楼等建筑。

景陵内的祾恩殿台基，仍是嘉靖年间改建后的遗物。从遗存的明代殿宇檐柱柱础石分布可以看出，该殿原制面阁五间(31.34米)，进深三间(16.9米)，后有抱厦一间(面阔8.1米，进深4.03米)，前面的御路石雕二龙戏珠图案，比献陵一色云纹，显得更为精致壮观。

祾恩门、祾恩殿的台基上还有清代改建后遗留的柱础石。神功圣德碑亭仅存石碑及台基。

明泰陵

明泰陵，位于笔架山东南麓，这里又称“施家台”，或“史家山”，是明朝第九代皇帝孝宗敬皇帝朱佑樘(年号弘治)及皇后张氏的合葬陵寝。

泰陵陵事的筹划是在明孝宗去世之后。《明武宗实录》记载，武宗即位后，即着手筹办孝宗丧事。礼部左侍郎李杰、钦天监监副倪谦和司礼监太监戴义对武宗说：“茂陵西面有个叫施家台的地方，是个建陵的吉地，大行皇帝的陵寝可以在那营建。”工科右给事中许天锡也向武宗建议，派廷臣中精通风水术的人，前去复视一次。他还提议：“如有疑，亟移文江西等处。广求术士，博访名山，务得主势之强，风气之聚，水土之深、穴法之正、力量之全，如宋儒朱熹所云着，庶可安奉神灵，为国家祈天永命之助。”礼部亦赞成这个提议。于是，武宗命太监扶安、李兴、覃观及礼部右侍郎王华等人前往施家台看视，最后确定在那里营建孝宗陵寝。

弘治十八年六月五日，陵园正式兴工，并定陵名为泰陵。太监李兴、新宁伯谭佑、工部左侍郎李鐩提督工程，五军都督府及三大营官军上万人供役，历时四月，玄宫落成，于该年十月十九日午刻将孝宗葬入陵内。正德元年(1520xx年)三月二十二日，陵园的地面建筑也全部告成。

泰陵在清康熙时有的建筑即已残坏。《帝陵图说》记泰陵祾恩门情况，“今左右两门坏，垒石以塞门”。此后，清乾隆五十至五十二年(1785-1787年)陵园建筑曾经修葺，修葺情况除三座门由琉璃花门改建成砖砌冰盘檐式门楼外，余同茂陵。其现状较茂陵残坏最为严重。

明朝弘治皇帝朱佑樘还是中国封建社会皇帝中唯一一个只有一个女人的皇帝。

折叠明德陵

明德陵位于潭峪岭西麓，是明朝第十五代皇帝熹宗折皇帝朱由校(年号天启)和皇后张氏的合葬陵寝。

熹宗朱由校，光宗长子，万历三十三年(公元1620xx年)十一月十四日生。泰昌元年(公元1620xx年)九月六日即皇帝位，次年改元天启。天启七年(公元1620xx年)八月二十二日去世，谥“达天阐道敦孝笃友章文襄武靖穆庄勤zhe皇帝”，享年23岁。崇祯元年(公元1620xx年)三月八日葬德陵。文献记载：熹宗“性至巧，多艺能，尤喜营造”。他曾操斧斤锯凿，自制小楼阁，“雕镂精绝，即巧工亦莫能及”。干得高兴时，甚至解衣裸体，随地盘坐。他“不爱成器，不惜天物”，随意拆改，以供片时之乐。

皇后张氏，熹宗原配。河南祥符人，太康伯张国纪之女。天启元年(公元1620xx年)四月被册立为皇后。崇祯十七年(公元1644年)李自成农民军入城时自缢。南明弘光朝为她上尊谥“孝哀皇后”。顺治元年(公元1644年)，清朝王朝将她葬入德陵。

明裕陵

位于天寿山西峰石门山南麓，是明朝第六位皇帝英宗朱祁镇和皇后钱氏、周氏的合葬陵寝。

明英宗朱祁镇，宣宗长子。宣德二年(1420xx年)十一月十一日生，三年(1420xx年)二月六日立为皇太子，十年(1435年)正月十日即皇帝位，次年改元正统。

天顺八年(1464年)正月十七日，英宗去世，谥“法天立道仁明诚敬昭文宪武至德广孝睿皇帝”。临终遗诏止殉，结束了宫人殉葬的残酷制度。五月，陵寝玄宫建成，八月，英宗葬裕陵。

孝庄睿皇后钱氏，英宗元配，海州人，都指挥佥事(后封安昌伯)钱贵女。正统七年(1442年)立为皇后。十四年(1449年)，英宗被瓦剌部所俘，为迎英宗回朝，她把自己宫中的全部资财输出，每天悲哀地呼天号地，祈求神灵保佑英宗。累了就就地而卧，以致伤残了一条腿。终日哭泣，又哭瞎了一只眼睛。

宪宗即位，尊为皇太后，加“慈懿”徽号。成化四年(1468年)六月二十六日，钱氏病故。谥“孝庄献穆弘惠显仁恭天钦圣睿皇后”。九月四日葬裕陵。

孝肃后周氏，宪宗生母，昌平州文宁里柳林村(今属北京市海淀区)人，锦衣卫千户追封庆云侯赠宁国公周能的女儿。正统十二年(1447年)生宪宗皇帝，天顺元年(1457年)册封为贵妃。宪宗即位，尊为皇太后。成化二十三年(1487年)加尊号“圣慈仁寿”。孝宗即位后，尊为太皇太后。弘治十七年(1520xx年)三月一日去世，谥“孝肃贞顺康懿光烈辅天承圣太皇太后”。四月十八日葬裕陵。

明思陵

思陵约建于1642年，本是思宗宠妃田贵妃之妃园寝。明朝灭亡后，李自成命人将明思宗及皇后周氏合葬于田贵妃之墓，为拢络人心并改名思陵，使思陵成为明十三陵中唯一一座帝后与妃嫔合葬之陵，而相较于明朝诸陵，思陵的规模也较小。思陵附近亦有明思宗贴身太监王承恩陪葬墓，清顺治帝、康熙帝亦曾为王承恩立碑以嘉许其贞忠殉主。

清朝灭亡后，思陵屡逢劫难，残毁十分严重。地下墓室曾先后两次被当地土匪盗发。1947年，国民党军队为修炮楼，又大规模地拆毁陵园地面建筑。思陵已是满目凄凉，只有坟冢、楼殿遗址、石雕五供、碑石作为珍贵文物保存下来。

中华人民共和国成立后，国家十分重视文物保护工作，思陵得到应有保护。明思陵，虽然没有金碧辉煌的殿宇楼台，但古陵残碑，松涛阵阵，仍别有一番意境。特别是残存下来的石雕艺术品，构思奇妙，雕工精细。

陪葬陵墓

明十三陵的陪葬墓共有8座，其中7座妃子(太子)墓，1座太监墓。

分别是：

东井、西井：一说是明成祖十六妃殉葬墓，一说是明成祖昭献贵妃王氏和昭顺贤妃喻氏的陪葬墓，期待考古发掘的考证。

万娘坟：即“万贵妃墓”，葬明宪宗皇贵妃万氏。

悼陵：即“世宗三妃墓”，俗称大宫。葬明世宗的皇贵妃沈氏、文贵妃、卢靖妃。

世宗贤妃墓：即“世宗六妃、二太子墓”或“四妃、二太子墓”。葬明世宗的郑贤妃、皇贵妃阎氏、皇贵妃王氏、周贵妃、杨荣妃、马贞妃、哀冲太子、庄敬太子。

郑贵妃墓：葬明神宗的皇贵妃郑氏。

神宗四妃墓：葬明神宗的皇贵妃李氏(即李敬妃)、李顺妃、周端妃、刘昭妃(即宣懿太妃)。

王承恩墓：葬明思宗崇祯皇帝的心腹太监王承恩。

神路

明十三陵神路神路是明十三陵的第一个景点，由石牌坊，大红门，碑楼，石象生，龙凤门等组成。

石牌坊

明十三陵 石牌坊为陵区前的第一座建筑物，建于1540年(嘉靖十九年)。牌坊结构为五楹、六柱、十一楼，全部用汉白玉雕砌，在额枋和柱石的上下，刻有龙、云图纹及麒麟、狮子等浮雕。这些图纹上原来曾饰有各色彩漆，因年代久远，现已剥蚀净尽。整个牌坊结构恢宏，雕刻精美，反映了明代石质建筑工艺的卓越水平。

过了石牌坊，即可看到在神道左、右有两座小山。东为龙山(也叫蟒山)，形如一条奔越腾挪的苍龙;西为虎山(俗称虎峪)，状似 一只伏地警觉的猛虎。中国古代道教有“左青龙，右白虎”为祥瑞之兆的传 说，“龙”、“虎”分列左右，威严地守卫着十三陵的大门。

大红门

神路景点(2)大红门坐落于陵区的正南面，门分三洞，又名大宫门，为陵园的正门。大门两旁原各竖一通石碑，上刻"官员人等至此下马"字样。凡是前来祭陵的人，都必须从此步入陵园，以显示皇陵的无上尊严。大门两侧原设有两个角门，并连接着长达80华里的红色围墙。在蜿蜒连绵的围墙中，另设有一座小红门和十个出入口，均派有重兵驻守，是百姓不可接近的禁地。现在这些围墙都早已坍塌，有些残迹尚依稀可辨。

大红门后的大道，叫神道，也称陵道。起于石牌坊，穿过大红门，一直通向长陵，原为长陵而筑，但后来便成了全陵区的主陵道了。该道纵贯陵园南北，全长7公里，沿线设有一系列建筑物，错落有致，蔚为壮观。

碑亭

位于神道中央，是一座歇山重檐、四出翘角的高大方形亭楼，为长陵所建。亭内竖有龙首龟趺石碑一块，高6米多。上题"大明长陵神功圣德碑"，碑文长达3500多字，是明仁宗朱高炽撰文，明初著名书法家程南云所书。该碑碑文作于1420xx年(洪熙元年)，碑石却是1435年(宣德十年)才刻成的。在碑阴面还刻有清代乾隆皇帝写的《哀明陵十三韵》。碑文详细记录了长、永、定、思诸陵的残破情况。碑东侧是清廷修明陵的花费记录。西侧是嘉庆帝论述明代灭亡的原因。 碑亭四隅立有4根白石华表，其顶部均蹲有一只异兽，名为望天犭孔。华表和碑亭相互映衬，显得十分庄重浑厚。 在碑亭东侧，原建有行宫，为帝后前来祀陵时的更衣处，现已无存。

石雕群

是陵前放置的石雕人、兽，古称石像生(石人又称翁仲)。从碑亭北的两根六角形的石柱起，至龙凤门止的千米神道两旁，整齐地排列着24只石兽和12个石人，造型生动，雕刻精细，深为游人所喜爱。其数量之多，形体之大，雕琢之精，保存之好，是古代陵园中罕见的。 石兽共分6种，每种4只，均呈两立两跪状。将它们陈列于此，赋有一定含义。例如，雄狮威武，而且善战;獬豸为传说中的神兽，善辨忠奸，惯用头上的独角去顶触邪恶之人。狮子和獬豸均是象征守陵的卫士。麒麟，为传说中的"仁兽"，表示吉祥之意。骆驼和大象，忠实善良，并能负重远行。骏马善于奔跑，可为坐骑。 石人分勋臣、文臣和武臣，各4尊，为皇帝生前的近身侍臣，均为拱手执笏的立像，威武而虔诚。 在皇陵中设置这种石像生，早在两千多年前的秦汉时期就有了。主要起装饰点缀作用，以象征皇帝生前的仪威，表示皇帝死后在阴间也拥有文武百官及各种牲畜可供驱使，仍可主宰一切。

棂星门

棂星门又叫龙风门。由四根石柱构成三个门洞，门柱类似华表，柱上有云板、异兽。在三个门额枋上的中央部分，还分别饰有一颗石雕火珠，因而该门又称“火焰牌坊”。龙凤门西北侧，原建有行宫，是帝后祭陵时的歇息之处。

简单的北京明十三陵导游词5篇(五)

明十三陵位于北京昌平区天寿山，因明代迁都北京后有十三位皇帝埋葬于此，故称十三陵。明十三陵自永乐年间建长陵至今已有近620xx年的历史，它用一条总神道、一座石牌坊、一组石像生，把整个陵区联系在了一起，形成了一个整体，是世界上保存完整、埋葬皇帝较多的帝王陵墓群。

明永乐年间，明成祖朱棣的皇后徐氏去世，朱棣命礼部尚书和一名江西术士前往北京一代卜选陵址。大概两年后，选中了今昌平区康家庄楼子营一带。这一带青山环抱，绿水长流。北面的“龙脉”奔腾而来，气势磅礴。至此三峰并峙，山前一马平川，蟒山绕其左，虎峪踞其右。外围重峦叠嶂，如“万骑簇拥，千官侍从”。正是风水理论中的“山川大聚”之势，真正只有帝王才配享用的宝地。朱棣亲临阅视后十分满意，封其山为“万寿山”，选择吉日，动工兴建。永乐十?

Dear visitors:

Hello everyone! Im your guide. My name is Xu Ying, and Ill call me a little bit. Now I will lead you to visit the Imperial Palace and appreciate the cultural heritage of our country.

The Imperial Palace is the imperial palace of two dynasties in Ming and Qing Dynasty in China, and it is also the largest and most complete ancient building group in existence. So we should not throw rubbish or touch things when we visit, so that we can enjoy the the Imperial Palace with a historic atmosphere. (reminding the places that visitors should pay attention to)

Entering the gate of the temple of Taihe, it is a magnificent palace that shows in front of you. The largest wooden building in front of the building, it is very striking, that is the temple of Taihe. It is the symbol of the imperial power, and whenever there is a great event, the emperor holds it here. Behind a row of beautiful decoration embarrassing palace and temple, there are. (in accordance with the order of sightseeing)

After swimming the splendid hall of Taihe, we can walk north, and we can feel the breath of life here. All the living things here are first class at that time, and the outdoors in the back of the palace are the Imperial Garden. Its pattern and layout are compact, antique and ornament with flowers and trees. The pavilions, terraces and open halls. It is a good place to be elegant and enjoyable. All along, the east of the Imperial Palace towers and other three towers from afar. Their peculiar shape, and form a perfect exquisite beyond compare, pictures of the surrounding environment.

How many working peoples sweaty and wisdom has been condensed by this magnificent project! In fact, the Imperial Palace was successful in December 1987, and since then it has become a tourist attraction of cultural heritage.

This is the end of this journey, and I wish you all a good time. Thank you

The tourists everybody is good, today Ill guide you to visit the Great Wall.

Look, far see the Great Wall it is like a long dragon, in between the mountains winding. From shanhaiguan east to west of jiayuguan, has more than thirteen thousand.

Now we have come to the Great Wall. This section of the Great Wall built in badaling, tall and strong, it is built against the huge stone and ChengZhuan. With square brick on the top of the wall, very smooth, like a wide road, WuLiuPi mark in parallel. Outside walls along the rows of buttress has two meters high, buttress on the square? At the mouth and a nozzle for? With hope and shot. On the top of the wall, every three hundred meters there is a square ChengTai, station troops fortress, war, between the ChengTai can mutual echo.

Now we are standing on the Great Wall, stepping at the foot of the square brick, holding the stone on the wall, you will naturally think of the ancient working people to build the Great Wall. Single the countless stone, a piece of have two or three one thousand catties, at that time there were no trains, cars, no crane this steep ridge, rely on countless countless hands, shoulders to the time of the working people is great.

Such boldness of vision of the male project, in the history of the world but a great miracle!

Is the majestic of the Great Wall, the male of vast gray not let us deeply intoxicated? Then let you to use your experience.

Everybody is good! Welcome to the Palace Museum, Im glad to serve you, I am the guide from this journey all Korean an inscription, everyone call me Korean guide line. Today I accompanied him you have a good time.

Now, you have came to the Forbidden City, which is located in the centre of Beijing by bus. 24 emperors lived here, is the imperial palace during the Ming and qing dynasties, it is the Palace Museum. The palace the whole building magnificent and solemn gorgeous, whether plane layout, magnificent mountains, in the form of the 3 d effect still is incomparable masterpiece.

Lets watch the center axis of the palace! The central axis in the central axis of Beijing city. After the three main halls, palace, imperial garden is located in the central axis. On both sides of central axis of the palace, but also with many house, grand magnificent.

Looking at central axis, art treasures museum! Some of the Forbidden City palace the establishment of a comprehensive history museum of art, painting, pavilion pavilion, classification of ceramics, bronze, engraved hall, toys, craft art gallery in the Ming and qing dynasties, pavilion, four treasures of the study hall, pride, watches and clocks, and judgments of clear acting palace relics exhibition, collect a large number of ancient art treasures. According to statistics, there are 102653, including many cultural relics are unique priceless.

Even the palace of the four corner, every Angle has 18 column seventy-two liras turrets, there is a legend about turrets. One day, the emperor yongle let ministers in the Forbidden City on the four horns of building a nine beam column 10 seventy-two liras, baffled ministers to it. One day, a carpenter saw a des sauterelles cage, very strange, feel cage went up and took a look, a number, thats nine beam column seventy-two liras ten! The carpenter immediately to the secretary. From then on, they left such turrets.

Dear visitors, our todays tour end, right now, todays explanation to me, you are welcome to put forward opinions and Suggestions, I am thankful. Finally, I wish you all have fun! thank you

The French capital Paris is one of the top ten cities in the world. It is located in the middle of the basin in northern France in Paris, the city across on both sides of the Seine. There are small points of Paris, a greater Paris. Small Paris in Paris city within the big ring road, covers an area of 105 square kilometers, population of more than 200; A greater includes seven provinces around the city, an area of 120xx square kilometers and a population of about 10 million, almost one 5 of the population. Is the largest city in France, it is also one of the worlds most populous metropolis.

Paris celebrates its 1400 years of history, the city has 20xx years of history. People roaming the city, is one of the most profound impression: it retains much of the world famous historical monuments, and there are many magnificent modern buildings, there are "flowers" laudatory name.

Paris is Frances political, economic and cultural center. In terms of cultural facilities, Paris has built the worlds largest with electronic computer control of modern art and cultural center - pompidou national center for art and culture, also has many world famous monuments and artistic construction. Like the Eiffel Tower, the Notre Dame DE Paris, place DE la Concorde, the Louvre, Versailles palace, is to let people regretted leaving. The economic life, reconstruction and rebuilding the old central business district, such as the construction of the 210 meters high, 58 layer of manas skyscrapers. Construction and expansion of the satellite city of Paris around, make people have a more spacious and comfortable living environment.

Paris is not only the political, economic and cultural center of France, and is also an important part in international activities. The various types of international conference held here; Various international competitions, performances held here; Professional exhibition from all walks of life held here. Permanent international organizations are also many, such as the headquarters of the United Nations educational, scientific and cultural organization is based in here.

Today in Paris, France is not alone, but also Western Europes political, economic and cultural center, is the worlds attention.