简单好背的英文导游词(精彩20篇)

Songshan Mountain, located in Dengfeng City, Henan Province, is one of theworld-famous five mountains of China (Taishan Mountain in Shandong, HuashanMountain in Shaanxi, Hengshan Mountain in Shanxi and Hengshan Mountain inHunan). Songshan scenic spot has 36 peaks, stretching for 60 kilometers, mainlycomposed of Taishi mountain and Shaoshi mountain. The highest peak is 1494meters above sea level.

There are more than 270 human landscapes in Songshan scenic area, includingten temples, five temples, five palaces, two temples, four nunneries, fourcaves, three altars and pagodas. It is a historical gathering place of Buddhism,Confucianism and Taoism. The world-famous Shaolin Temple is hidden in the armsof Mount Song. These rich cultural landscapes and rare geological relics reflecteach other, forming a three-dimensional, multi-level and multi-functionalcharming landscape of Songshan Geopark.

Songshan World Geopark is located in Dengfeng City, Henan Province, with atotal area of 450 square kilometers. The main types of geological relics are thecomponents of Geology (including structure). The main geological landscapesinclude the unique weathered and corroded structure and the limestone karstlandscape.

The Songshan Mountain is located in the southern margin of the North Chinaancient land. Within the scope of the park, the strata of Archean, Proterozoic,Cenozoic and Cenozoic geological historical periods in the past 3.5 billionyears are continuously and completely exposed. The stratigraphic sequence isclear and the structural features are typical. It is called "five generations inone hall" by the geological circles. It is a complete stone book of earthhistory.

Yuzhai mountain, Junji mountain, wazhiling mountain and Jianshan mountainin the main peak area of Songshan Mountain are mostly composed of quartzite. Inaddition to the tectonic movement, the peaks rise up to the earth, with steepand beautiful walls. The peculiar peaks and valleys are all over the area,forming a unique terrain and landform.

There are eight nationalities living in the park, including Han, Hui, Pumi,Bai, Yi, Miao, Uygur and Mongolia, forming a multi-ethnic family. On thefestival days of ethnic minorities, the local government and the Han compatriotscelebrate with them to fully display their national customs, customs, customsand other national cultures, and enjoy the customs and fun of ethnicminorities.

There are many scenic spots and historical relics in the scenic area. Inthe world-famous Shaolin Temple, Shaolin monks practice qigong and Shaolin KungFu (martial arts). Besides Shaolin Temple, there are many other temples, such asZhongyue temple, also known as "Little Palace"; Fawang temple and Huishantemple, two of the oldest existing temples in China; and two of the oldest andbest preserved observatories in China.

There are also a large number of stone inscriptions in Songshan, totalingmore than 20__, composed of famous calligraphers Yan Zhenqing, Su Dongpo, HuangTingjian and Mi Fu.

The world-famous Shaolin Temple is located at the West foot of SongshanMountain, 100 kilometers southwest of Zhengzhou, the capital of Henan Province.It is not only an important Buddhist holy land in China, but also a trainingcenter for ancient Chinese Kung Fu.

Shaolin Temple was founded in the 19th year of Taihe in the Northern WeiDynasty (495). It was built by Yuan Hong, Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern WeiDynasty, for the purpose of setting up batuoluoji, an Indian monk, to preach. In537 ad, another Indian monk named Bodhidharma came here. It is said that hecreated a set of simple unarmed fighting rules on the basis of Batas creation,which is called "Xingyiquan". He once faced the wall in the stone cave on wurupeak behind the chariot of Shaolin for nine years.

This is the origin of Shaolin Kung Fu. At the beginning of the 7th century,a small army of 13 Shaolin monks was famous for defeating the whole army of theSui Dynasty and rescuing the later Tang Emperor Li Shimin from prison. After Liascended the throne, he granted a great reward to a temple in Shaolin. He gave athousand hectares of land and a water mill. The monks who took part in the waralso had their own rewards. Shaolin Temple has been famous all over the worldsince then, known as "the most famous temple in the world", and has also becomea national training center for kung fu masters. In its heyday, there were morethan 3000 monks stationed here.

As Shaolin Temple has always been the center of rebel activities, it wasburned three times, the most serious of which was in 1938. A fire burned formore than 40 days, burning almost all the classical literature and records inthe temple.

Today, there are many pavilions and halls in Shaolin Temple, covering anarea of about 4047 hectares. The most interesting historical relics are themurals in the East Hall, depicting groups of monks practicing kung fu.

When you come to the gate of Shaolin Temple, you can see the plaque ofShaolin Temple hanging on the gate. It was written by Emperor Kangxi of QingDynasty.

In addition, the "talin" at the foot of the mountain to the west of ShaolinTemple is the burial ground of the monks who presided over Shaolin Temple in thepast dynasties since the Tang Dynasty, about 250, which is the most populargroup of talins in China.

棒槌岛风景区是大连著名的风景区，那里的风景美不胜收，不过在那里最美丽的景物还是要数那里的山和海了。

从门口进去就是几座连绵起伏的山丘，小路两旁有两排弯弯的、高高的大树。树上到处是鸟儿们的歌声，不知不觉，已经来到了山清水秀的深山里。深山里，鸟儿们的歌声减弱了，而蝉却开始欢呼起来了，这时的山就像是在开演唱会。

再往深处走，便听到泉水流动的声响。泉水和青山树木的完美结合，真可以用“水水山山处处明明秀秀”来形容。空气里散发着树木的清香，花儿在向着你微笑，这一都是多美呀!

一下山，这便是美丽的海。海滩上上有着许多的贝壳，不时冲上来白色的浪花，带上来许多贝壳。那海是那么蔚蓝，从远处看真的分不出那个是海，那个是天。

太阳已经落在半山腰，落到海面的时候海水开始变成红色的了，越来红，最后变成金色的了，好像金子铺满了海面，金灿灿的。真是一幅日落生辉的美丽景色。

此时此刻，我已经完全陶醉在棒槌岛的美丽景色中，那山是那样青葱，谁是那样灵动，那海是那么与众不同，我是那么希望中美丽可以持续下去。

Hello, everyone! Today we are visiting the Forbidden City in Beijing. ImShiyu, the tour guide. Just call me Xiaoshi. I hope I can give you the bestservice.

The Forbidden City, also known as the Forbidden City, is the imperialpalace of Ming and Qing Dynasties in China. It is the largest and most completeancient wooden structure building group in the world. It began in the fourthyear of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1406 AD) and took 14 years to complete. Atotal of 24 emperors successively ascended the throne and ruled China for morethan 500 years.

Now in front of us is the magnificent ancient palace - the Forbidden City.You see, these four walls are palace walls, and there are tall gates on allsides of the palace walls. Wuwu gate is in the south, Donghua gate is in theEast, and Xihua gate is in the West. The turrets of the four "Gates" of thepalace walls are unique in style and beautiful in shape. Now, please come withme to the Taihe hall, the largest palace in the Forbidden City. This is theplace where the emperors of Ming and Qing Dynasties summoned officials, issuedorders and held celebrations. There are 11 rooms in the hall, 5 rooms in depthand pillars outside. The inside and outside of the hall is 14 meters high, 63meters wide and 2377 square meters in area. It is the largest wooden hall inChina.

Now we come to Zhonghe hall. Zhonghe hall is a place for the emperor toexercise etiquette on his way to Taihe hall.

Baohe hall was the place where the emperor entertained the princes andnobles of foreign vassals and the military ministers in Beijing.

Lets take a look at Wenhua hall. It is the reading Office of the crownprince of the Ming Dynasty. Qianqingmen is the boundary between the imperialcourt and the imperial court, from which the imperial court is located to thenorth. The palace of the Qing Dynasty was the place where the Ming and Qingemperors lived. Do you know that the TV series huanzhu gege was shot by theForbidden City.

Well planned, magnificent and magnificent, this is the Forbidden City ofour country. No matter in the plane layout, the three-dimensional effect and theform of majestic, grand, solemn, harmonious all belong to incomparablemasterpiece. It marks Chinas long cultural tradition and shows the outstandingachievements in architectural art more than 500 years ago.

Ladies and gentlemen, todays tour is coming to an end. Im very happy tohave a wonderful time with you. If you are not satisfied with my tour guidetoday, please correct me. Have a good time! Thank you.

The famous West Lake is like a brilliant pearl embedded in the beautifuland fertile shores of the East China Sea near the mouth of the Hangzhou Bay. Thelake covers an area of 5.6 square kilometers. The view of the West Lake issimply enchanting, which offers many attractions for tourists at home andabroad.

Tiger-running Spring

The legend goes that two tights ran there and made a hole where a springgushed out. The Longjing Tea and the Tiger-running Spring water are alwaysreputed as the "Two Wonders of the West Lake". The Lingyin Monastery

The Lingyin Monastery, or the Monastery of Soul’s Retreat, is a famoushistorical site of the West Lake. Here exists the Lingyin Monastery, a famousancient temple in China, in front of which there are Feilai Peak, Cold Spring,Longhong Cave and precious rock cave arts and queer and varied natural caves andgullies.

Spring Dawn at Su Causeway

It’s a 2.8 km. long boulevard cutting across the south-north scenic area,and lined with trees and flowering plants. When Spring comes with crimson peachblossoms and green willows; the scenery is all the more charming. Strollingalong the boulevard, one feels as if the West Lake were wakening in dawn mist.Young willows were ethereal, spring breeze so caressing, and birds were chirpingin unison.

The Moon Reflected in Three Pools

"There are islands in the lake and three are lake on the islands." Thethree stone towers were first built in Yuanyou 4th year (1089) of the SongDynasty, with the wonderful scenery of "one moon in the sky having threereflection in the lake", it is one of the wonderful scenes of the West Lake.Notes:

1. West Lake 西湖

2. Tiger-running Spring 虎跑泉

3. The Lingyin Monastery 灵隐寺

4. Spring Dawn at Su Causeway 苏堤春晓

5. The Moon Reflected in Three Pools 三潭印月

各位游客朋友:

大家好!欢迎游览我国四大名园之一的——苏州拙政园。是我国私家园林的代表之作，并且拙政园被称为“天下园林之母”。

好，现在就让我们走进园林。拙政园分为三部分，其中精华部分在中间一部分。为什么取名为拙政园呢?因为拙政园的主人是王献臣，他的意思就是说：我不适合当官，当官的我是个傻傻的人。 经过拙政园的墙门和“通幽”“入胜”腰门，我们就来到了拙政园的东部。东部花园的南部有一座三开间的堂屋，名为“兰雪堂”。“兰雪”两字出自李白“春风洒兰雪”之句，象征着主人潇洒如春风，洁净如兰雪的高尚情操。除了“兰雪堂”，还有"秫香馆"、"天泉阁"、"芙蓉榭"等。

现在我们将走进精华部分。走廊墙壁上有的各式各样的窗花，如果往里看的话，将会看到25幅不同风格的画。现在，我们继续向前走，前面的是“倒影楼”。"倒影楼"前面有一条曲折婉蜒的水廊。池面上波光粼粼。看看楼顶，好像一把扇子，楼顶的瓦面像折扇的扇面，后面"笠亭"的尖顶恰似折扇的扇把，简直连接得天衣无缝。

这次的游览到这就结束了，游客朋友们再见!

Dear visitors:

Everybody is good! Welcome to visit our country one of the most famous four gardens, suzhou the humble administrators garden. Is the representative of private gardens in our country, and the humble administrators garden is known as "the mother of all the gardens.

Ok, now let us into the garden. Humble administrators garden is divided into three parts, of which the essence parts in the middle part. Why is named for the humble administrators garden? Because the owner of the humble administrators garden is Wang Xianchen, meaning: "I dont fit, an officer I am a silly person. After the humble administrators garden doors and "remote" door "interesting" waist, we came to the east of the humble administrators garden. In the south of the garden in the east there is a three studio room, called "LanXueTang". "LanXue" two words written by li bai "the spring wind is aspersed LanXue", a symbol of the master natural and unrestrained like spring breeze, such as clean LanXue noble sentiment. In addition to "LanXueTang", and "Shu incense pavilion", "day spring pavilion", "lotus pavilions", etc.

Now we will enter essence part. Some kinds of grilles, corridor wall to see if, will see 25 different styles of painting. Now, we continue to walk forward, front is reflection "floor". In front of the "inverted floor" is a path winding, spanning the water of the gallery. Ripples on the surface of the pool. Look at the top, as a fan, the roof of the tile surface like a folding fan fan, "dai li pavilion" spire behind like fan fan, simply connect seamlessly.

The visit to this end, tourists friends goodbye!

Hello, here is the dunhuang mogao grottoes scenic spot. I am your tour guide, my name is gong, it can call me gong guiding.

Dunhuang mogao grottoes is one of the jewels in the northwest of motherland. She is located in gansu province in the sanwei and mingsha hills, also is our this place. Everyone looked down, plump dunes around, looked up a look again, the 492 caves as honeycomb-like arrangement on the bluffs overlooking a precipice. You can imagine, build the grand dunhuang mogao grottoes people how is not easy. In order to protect the heritage, please, dont throw rubbish, dont take pictures.

Now I flash into the painted sculpture exhibition hall. Here the colorful murals of personality is distinct and different demeanor, ring. I left it is good-natured bodhisattva, the right it is commanding the king; The top it is strong and courageous. Behind me the sleeping Buddha statue is the most magnificent. It has a total of 16 m long, lies on her side, eyes tight shut, expression of peace. Believe that you see the later, will pay homage.

Next, we come to appreciate the paintings exhibition hall. The mural has a lot of, content is rich and colorful. My the left side is buddhist stories depict deities image, on the right is reflecting folk life and to depict the natural scenery. You know what is behind me mural? By the way, that is eye-catching flying. This flower basket, carrying a flying arm picking flowers; This flying embrace pipa, silver dial string; This one flying wing, body and drop since the day; This flying ribbons waving, all over the sky; And that a flying stretches the double-wall, dance. Whether had you seen these paintings like entered the art gallery? Yes, I tell you, the mogao grottoes is the world famous art treasure, every mural, each painted sculpture, is the crystallization of the wisdom of working people of ancient China.

Ok, here is a free time, please be touring, have what problem can ask me.

Mount Jiuhua is one of the four sacred mountains of Chinese Buddhism. It is located in Qingyang County in Anhui province and is famous for its rich landscape and ancient temples.

Many of the mountain’s shrines and temples are dedicated to Ksitigarbha (known in Chinese as Dìzàng, Traditional Chinese: 地藏), who is a bodhisattva and protector of souls in hell according to Mahayana Buddhist tradition. Pious Buddhists often come to this popular attraction in Anhui to climb to Greater Tiantai peak, which is regarded as Jiuhuashan’s most important peak, although it is not the tallest.

History of Jiuhua Mountain

Jiuhu Mountain, known as a Buddhist wonderland and famous for its large number of temples and beautiful scenery, has been a resplendent pearl of Chinese cultural heritage.

Jiuhua Mountain was formed in the late Cenozoic Era, and Buddhism began in the Northern and Southern Dynasties (420-589) at the mountain. According to historical records, a monk named Fuhu built Fuhu Convent in 503; Monk Tanhao practised Buddhism here in 713; During 713-755, Jin Qiaojue, a Korean aristocrat, came to Jiuhua Mountain and lived in a stone cave at Dongya Peak. His hard practice moved the local people, and they contributed money to build a temple for him. In 781 the local official Zhang Yan presented a memorial to the emperor for the horizontal inscribed board "Huacheng". Upon Jin Qiaojue’s nirvana, it was said that the mountain roared, birds and monkeys cried, and the earth gave out fire and light. His body kept lively three years later, so he was respected as the Earth Buddha, wrapped with earth and has been preserved to present. Roushen Pagoda was built to revere him, and thus Jiuhua Mountain has become the place where Earth Buddhist rites are performed.

The history of Buddhism at Jiuhua Mountain can be divided into five periods: founded in the middle of Tang Dynasty ; decayed from the late Tang Dynasty to the Five Dynasties; slowly developed in the Song and Yuan Dynasties; and greatly developed in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the Ming Dynasty, the emperors granted money to rebuild Huacheng Temple for three times and two emperors bestowed inscriptions. The number of temples and nunneries was over a hundred, and many monks and nuns came. It was listed as one of the four famous Buddhist mountains, besides Wutai Mountain, Emei Mountain, and Putuo Mountain.

Changsha, though not nearly as prosperous Hong Kong than atmosphere in Beijing, but still has her own beauty.

Changsha is a beautiful place, there are beautiful as pavilion, love late pavilion. At night, lights, like the stars in the sky, twinkle.

Changsha charactizing a fine spring, spring breeze blow gently. Sunshine in March, the flower is gorgeous. The flower azalea is indescribable.

Summer, known as the "four big stove" one of changsha is hot. Cicada hot straight called "cicadas, cicada," dog hot tongue, floppy chicken wings. No matter how the weather during the day, children come out to play, so they had a hot, cant help but to the sun.

Autumn, the leaves fall, the fruit is ripe, the farmer uncle smile red in the face. The wild goose south, ants and squirrels have in preparation for winter food.

Winter, heavy snow, the children can be happy, because you can snowball fights, make a snowman! Leaves a also have no, many small animals also for the winter. The children are in the warm home looking at the beautiful snow...

Changsha year the four seasons scenery attractive, no matter day or night, she is always a kind face.

Changsha snack is to let a person dazzling, stinky tofu, bean jelly, roast sweet potato, onion cakes, taste shrimp, sucking screw... Is numerous, even the saliva all cant help flow down.

Changsha tourist resort also has a lot of, such as: taiping street, small Simon, as pavilion, baisha ancient, yuelu academy, and so on some places of interest. But they speak well "nobodys perfect, gold without gather" changsha ointment is loop mirror is not good, can see garbage everywhere, air is polluted by a lot.

Changsha is our common home, when I grow up must see her construction better, become a more attractive city.

简单的北京明十三陵导游词5篇

明十三陵，世界文化遗产，全国重点文物保护单位，国家重点风景名胜区，国家AAAAA级旅游景区。明十三陵坐落于北京市昌平区天寿山麓，总面积一百二十余平方公里，距离天安门约五十公里。十三陵地处东、西、北三面环山的小盆地之中，陵区周围群山环抱，中部为平原，陵前有小河曲折蜿蜒。自永乐七年(1409)五月始作长陵，到明朝最后一帝崇祯葬入思陵止，其间230多年，先后修建了十三座皇帝陵墓、七座妃子墓、一座太监墓。共埋葬了十三位皇帝、二十三位皇后、二位太子、三十余名妃嫔、两位太监。截止20xx年，已开放景点有长陵、定陵、昭陵、神路。下面是小编收集整理的简单的北京明十三陵导游词5篇范文，欢迎借鉴参考。

简单的北京明十三陵导游词5篇(一)

各位旅客朋友们：

大家好!

北京昌平县境内，有一处明代帝王陵墓群，即中外闻名的十三陵。在周围40公里的范围内，埋葬着明代13位帝王，23位皇后和众多的嫔妃、太子、公主、从葬宫女等。

(一)概况

明永乐五年(1407)朱棣的皇后徐氏去世。朱棣命礼部、工部及术士风鉴先生等人，在北京郊区寻找"吉壤"。先后曾指定潭柘寺、燕家台、屠家营等处，朱棣均不满意。后来江西术士廖均卿说，昌平北有吉壤，可做万年寿域，名黄土山，山前有龙、虎二山，形成一个小平原。朱棣视察后很满意，决定在此建造皇陵，改黄土山为天寿山。永乐七年(1409)正式建陵，到永乐十一年竣工，即长陵。明代历朝(除景泰帝外)皇帝陆续在此建陵。 明制规定，陵墓每年大祭三次(清明、中元、冬至)，小祭四次(正旦、孟冬、生辰、逝日)。每次谒陵耗费巨大。十三陵地面上建筑曾几度遭到破坏，最严重的一次是清兵入关。明末清太祖崛起于东北，威胁明朝安全。有人说清兵之所以强盛与他的祖坟风水有关。他们(金人)的祖坟在房山，如捣毁，清兵即灭。天启皇帝于天启二年(1622)派人毁房山金陵，并建关帝庙镇之。清兵入关后，采取同样的报复手段，破坏了明陵。清乾隆五十年，为了拢络汉人，曾下令修缮明陵。民国时期，1920xx年左右，当地豪绅争夺产权，明陵又遭破坏。

1绷昴骨范围

墓区原有一道40公里长的围墙。红色围墙自南边的大宫门起，依山而筑，设有中山口、东山口、老君堂口、贤庄口、灰岭口、锥子口、雁子口、德胜口、西山口、榨子口等十个关口，各口驻兵把守。现在红墙已无，但从地名上看还能了解到当年的墓区范围。

2绷昴怪兄嵯

(1)石牌坊

石牌坊是陵区最南端的建筑。该坊五门六柱十一楼，高14米，宽2886米，建于嘉靖十九年(1540)，是目前国内保存最大、最早的石坊。夹杆石四面有浮雕，刻有八对狮子滚绣球、十六条生龙，造型生动。

(2)大宫门

大宫门是陵墓区的正门。门分三洞，旁连40公里围墙。门前竖着"官员人等至此下马"碑。门内有数千军士守护，任何人不得闯入。当时规定"谋毁山陵者，以谋大逆论，不分首从，俱凌迟处死"。山陵内盗砍树木者斩，家属发往边疆充军。

(3)碑楼

该楼为重檐顶四出陛、楼内驮巨碑，即长陵的神功圣德碑，高三丈(该碑正式建立于宣德十年，即公元1435年)。正面为神功圣德碑文，3000余字，明成祖长子仁宗朱高炽撰。碑阴是乾隆五十年(1785)，清高宗的《哀明陵三十韵》，详细地记录了长、永、定、思几座陵墓的残破情况。碑东侧是清政府修明陵的花费记录，西侧是嘉庆九年(1804)清仁宗论述明亡的原因。

(4)石象生

神路两侧有一组石雕群，24兽，12人，共18对，36个。包括狮子、獬豸、骆驼、麒麟、马、象各4匹，二卧二立。武臣、文臣、勋臣各4人。

(5)棂星门

棂星门俗称龙凤门，在此处有"天门"之意，门三道之间有短垣相隔。6根门柱形似华表，三门额坊中央雕有石刻火焰珠，故当地人又称其为火焰牌坊。 棂星门北有7孔汉白玉神桥一座，通往长陵陵门。

(二)埋葬帝后简表

陵 名埋 葬年 号庙 号在位年代年 数享 年附葬皇后长 陵朱 棣永 乐成 祖1403～14242265徐 氏献 陵朱高炽洪 熙仁 宗1425148张 氏景 陵朱瞻基宣 德宣 宗1426～14351038孙 氏裕 陵朱祁镇正统天顺英 宗1436～1464(前后)2238钱、周氏茂 陵朱见深成 化宪 宗1465～14872341纪、王、邵氏泰 陵朱佑樘弘 治孝 宗1488～15051836张 氏康 陵朱厚照正 德武 宗1506～15211631夏 氏永 陵朱厚艏 靖世 宗1522～15664560杜、陈、方氏昭 陵朱载趼 庆穆 宗1567～1572636李、陈、李氏定 陵朱翊钧万 历神 宗1573～16204858王、王氏庆 陵朱常洛泰 昌光 宗16201月39郭、王、刘氏德 陵朱由校天 启熹 宗1621～1627723张 氏思 陵朱由检崇 祯思 宗1628～16441735田、周氏

(三)长陵

长陵是十三陵中第一陵，占地10公顷。墓主是明成祖永乐皇帝朱棣和皇后徐氏。

1绷暝捌矫娌季

陵墓有三进院落。第一进院落从陵门到潭髅拧A昝拍诙西侧原有神厨、神库各5间。东南角有碑亭一座，无碑文，建于嘉靖十五年(1536)。清顺治皇帝见过陵墓后，于顺治十六年(1659)，在石碑正面用汉、满两种文字镌刻其谒陵感受。碑阴是乾隆皇帝于1785年谒陵后镌刻的谒明陵八韵。第二进院落从潭髅胖聊诤烀拧T耗邶潭鞯羁9间，深5间，重檐庑殿顶。殿内60根楠木柱，当中4根柱直径都在1米以上。该殿是国内最好的楠木殿。殿中原有大佛龛，供成祖和徐皇后。殿两侧原有廊庑15间，现已无存。第三进院落从内红门至明楼。院内前部是二柱牌坊，依次为石五供、明楼和宝城。 明楼是每座陵墓的标帜，也是每座陵墓中轴线上的最高建筑。楼顶为重檐歇山式，建于方城之上，四出陛，额曰"长陵"。刻碑为万历三十二年重立。原碑刻"太宗"(朱棣原来的庙号)，后来世宗嘉靖皇帝于嘉靖七年改太宗为成祖，未换石碑，只用木雕成祖之碑镶之。万历三十二年(1604)雷击起火，木雕被毁。大学士沈一贯奏请改新碑。明楼两侧连宝城，城内园丘即宝顶，周一百丈，下面即地宫。

2倍西井

长陵的陵园还辖属东西井。东井在德陵馒头山之南，西井在定陵西北。"井"内葬着被"赐死"的殉葬宫妃。她们是皇帝的地下随侍，虽赐死但无资格入地宫。埋葬她们的坟(竖葬)叫"井"。

(四)定陵

定陵在昭陵东北大峪山(原名小峪山)下，埋葬着明代第十三代帝王万历帝朱翊钧和孝端、孝靖二位皇后。万历十一年(1583)朱翊钧借祭陵的机会勘察了陵区，最后决定在小峪山为己建陵，改小峪山为大峪山。因陵地有巨石，工程量级大，有人谏阻其不听，决定次年开工。朱翊钧时年才22岁。从万历十二年开工，至万历十八年竣工，历时6年之久。墓穴工程质量极佳。竣工后，28岁的万历皇帝，曾在自己的地宫中饮酒欢贺，然后将墓口封闭。朱翊钧是个残暴荒淫之君，在位48年不问朝政,纵饮欢乐,还巧立名目广纳民女,如选"九嫔"、"十俊"等。

简单的北京明十三陵导游词5篇(二)

各位游客：

你们好，欢迎你们来到北京旅游，我是你们的导游。

1992年，在“北京旅游世界之最”的评定中，专家学者对十三陵的判定语为“世界上保存完整、埋葬皇帝最多的墓葬群”。20xx年7月，明十三陵被联合国教科文组织列入《世界遗产名录》明清皇家陵寝的扩展项目。《世界遗产名录》对它的评价如下：“明清皇家陵寝依照风水理论，精心选址，将数量众多的建筑物巧妙的安置于地下。它是人类改变自然的产物，体现了传统的建筑装饰思想，阐释了封建中国持续了500余年的世界观和权力观。”

(明成祖朱棣)

十三陵的第一个陵是长陵，从永乐七年(公元1409)动工兴建，到永乐十一年(公元l413)玄宫告成。长陵位于天寿山丰峰南面，它是永乐帝朱棣和皇后徐氏的合葬墓。

明成祖朱棣是明太祖朱元璋的第四个儿子，生于元至正二十年(1360)，明洪武三年(130)封为燕王，洪武十三年(1380)就藩北平。建文元年(1399)朱棣发动“靖难之役”，建文四年(1420)继承皇位，第二年改元永乐。其较突出的历史功绩有：主持编撰《永乐大典》和派遣郑和下西洋。中国被收入《世界遗产名录》的文化古迹中，有4项是朱棣开创奠基的，他们是北京故宫，北京天坛，北京明十三陵，湖北武当山道教古建筑群。皇后徐氏，是开国功臣中山王徐达的长女。永乐五年(公元1420xx年)七月四日病逝，永乐十一年(公元1420xx年)，首先被葬入长陵，她是葬入十三陵的第一人。长陵是明十三陵中规模宏大，营建时间最长，保存的最好的一座陵。

(长陵布局：长陵祾恩殿)

长陵陵园平面布局为“前方后圆”形制。“前方”，是三进深院落：第一深进院落大门为陵门，单檐歇山顶宫门式建筑，门内明朝时东建有神厨，西建有神库，神厨前有碑亭一座，神厨，神库均毁于清朝中期，碑亭尚存;第二进深院落大门为祾恩门，单檐歇山顶。门内即祾恩殿，面阔九间进深五间，重檐庑殿顶。祾恩殿是供奉帝后神位和举行祭祀活动的场所。“祾”是“祭而受福”，“恩”是“罔极之恩”的意思。长陵祾恩殿是明代帝王陵中唯一保存完整的祾恩殿。殿内有60根金丝楠木柱，当中4根柱的直径在l米以上，是我国保存最好的楠木大殿，十分珍贵;第三进深院落大门为棂星门，门内有两柱牌楼门和石几筵。“后圆”即指永乐帝的陵墓，它由宝城，宝山，方城，明楼组成。宝城状如圆形城堡，宝城围起来的土山]宝山，宝山下为玄宫。宝城正前方建方城，方城之上为重檐歇山顶明楼。明楼是每座陵墓的标志，也是每座陵墓中轴线上的最高建筑。原碑刻着朱棣原来的庙号“太宗”，后来世宗嘉靖七年(公元1528)改太宗为成祖，但没能换石碑，只是用木雕镶在成祖的石碑上。明楼内立“圣号碑”碑首为“大明”，下刻“成祖文皇帝之陵”7个字。

长陵陵园还辖有东，西井。东井在德陵馒头山的南面，西井在定陵西北。“井”内葬有被赐死的殉葬宫妃。

明长陵位于北京市昌平区怀长路上，处在天寿山主峰南麓，是明朝第三位皇帝成祖文皇帝朱棣(年号永乐)和皇后徐氏的合葬陵寝。在十三陵中建筑规模最大，营建时间最早，地面建筑也保存得最为完好。它是十三陵中的祖陵，也是陵区内最主要的旅游景点之一。长陵于永乐七年(1420xx年)开始修建，永乐十三年(1420xx年)完工。现存建筑有宝城、明楼、石五供、两柱牌楼门、祾恩殿、祾恩门、碑亭以及三进院落的宫墙和因墙而设的陵门、角门等。地宫未发掘，同时没有被盗墓记录。长陵目前对公众开放。

明长陵位于北京市昌平县境内，距北京故宫五十公里。陵区南起石牌坊，北倚天寿山主峰。四面环山，绿树丛丛。南面又有龙虎两山左右对峙，势如门户。当中奔流不息的山水自西向东而去，好似天然的护陵河。南北贯通的高速路似一条巨龙连接着长陵至故宫。

明长陵为十三陵之首，永乐皇帝和皇后徐氏的合葬墓。是永乐皇帝建北京皇宫(故宫)的第三年(公元1420xx年)自建的“寿宫”。陵园规模宏大，用料严格考究，施工精细，工程浩繁，营建时日旷久，仅地下宫殿就历时四年。

明长陵陵恩殿是嗣皇帝祭祀永乐帝后的场所，建筑在汉白玉雕刻成的三层台基上，金砖铺地。殿面阔九间(66.56米)，进深五间(29.12米)，象征着皇帝“”之位。所有木件全用金丝楠木为之，古色古香。一米多直径，十几米高的六十根金丝楠木大柱，承托着二千三百平方米的重檐庑殿顶，雄伟壮观、举世无双。最粗的一根重檐金柱，高12.58米，底径达到1.124米，为世间罕见佳木。殿中端坐于九龙宝座之上的永乐皇帝铜像，形象逼真，做工精湛考究，此造像是巨上精美绝伦的艺术佳作。此外陈列着明陵地宫出土文物数百件，播放1956年发掘地宫的实况录像，帮助游人解开地宫之谜。

明长陵，建筑最早、面积最大、规模最宏伟、工艺用料最考究、原建筑保护最完整。历经六百年沧桑，仍完好无损，金碧辉煌。它早已被公布为全国第一秕重点文物保护单位。它不权以其宏大的古建筑和辉煌的艺术成就，丰富的历史文化内涵，吸引着每年数以百万计的中外游人和各界专家学者，而且永乐皇帝是世界上赫赫有名的一代有作为的皇帝，所以长陵又是世界最有名的旅游胜地之一。

景区

祾恩门

《太常续考》等文献记载，天寿山诸陵陵殿名为“祾恩殿”，殿门名之为“祾恩门”，始于嘉靖十七年(1538年)，是世宗朱厚熜亲易佳名。其中，“祾”字取“祭而受福”之意，“恩”字取“罔极之恩”意，长陵棱恩门，为单檐歇山顶形制，面阔五间(通阔31.44米)，进深二间(通深14.37米)，正脊顶部距地面高14.57米。檐下斗拱为单翘重昂七踩式，其平身科斗拱耍头的后尾作斜起的杆状，与宋清做法俱不相同。室内明间、次间各设板门一道，稍间封以墙体。其中明间板门之上安有华带式榜额，书“祾恩门”三金字。“稜”字系后世修葺时误写。门下承以旱白玉栏杆围绕的须弥座式台基。其栏杆形制，为龙凤雕饰的望柱，和宝瓶、三幅云式的栏板。台基四角及各栏杆望柱之下，各设有排水用的石雕螭首(龙头)。台基前后则各设有三出踏跺式台阶。其中路台阶间的御路石上雕刻的浅浮雕图案十分精美：下面是海水江牙云腾浪涌，海水中宝山矗立，两匹海马跃出水面凌波奔驰;上面是两条矫健的巨龙在云海中升降飞腾，追逐火珠，呈现出一派波澜壮阔的雄伟景象。

陵宫建筑

长陵的陵宫建筑，占地约12万平方米。其平面布局呈前方后圆形状。其前面的方形部分，由前后相连的三进院落组成。第一进院落，前设陵门一座。其制为单檐歇山顶的宫门式建筑，面阔显五间，檐下额枋、飞子、檐椽及单昂三踩式斗拱均系琉璃构件;其下辟有三个红券门。陵门之前建有月台，左右建有随墙式角门(已拆除并封塞)。院内，明朝时建有神厨(居左)、神库(居右)各五间，神厨之前建有碑亭一座。神厨、神库均毁于清代中期，碑亭则保存至今。

简单的北京明十三陵导游词5篇(三)

现在大家已经来到了北京的远郊昌平区，那即将进入的就是十三陵景区。利用这段时间，我来给大家讲解一下十三陵的历史背景和说明。

明朝永乐皇帝朱棣在1420xx年派了一些风水术士到北京选择“吉壤”，其实就是吉祥的土地，准备修建陵寝。当时这些人找了很多地方，但是都不成功，开始他们选在了口外的屠家营，可是皇帝姓朱，与猪同音，犯了地讳。然后又选在了昌平西南的羊山脚下，可是后面有个村子叫“狼口峪”，这样岂不是更危险!后来选过京西的“燕家台”，有与“宴驾”同音，太不吉利了。最后直到明永乐七年，才选定了现在的这片天寿山陵区，在周围有蟒山，虎峪，龙山和天寿山。这里正符合了阴阳五行中四方之神的所在位置，就是东青龙，西白虎，南朱雀，北玄武，还有温榆河经过这里，真可以说是风水宝地。从此可见当时皇帝要为自己修建一个陵寝要耗费多少精力啊。随后，就开始修建了长陵，经过四年终于竣工了。那明朝历代的皇帝，也陆续在这里修建了陵寝。而且从1409修建长陵一直到1644年明王朝灭亡，这200多年间，明十三陵的营建工程从来没有间断过。在这方圆40平方公里的范围，埋葬了明代十三位皇帝，二十三位皇后，还有许多的妃子，太子等等。可是这里也没能够完整的保留下来，在清兵入关以后，为了报复金人将清太祖的祖坟毁掉，所以就将这里烧了。后来在乾隆五十年的时候，为了笼络汉人，就下令修缮陵区。在新中国成立以后，对这里进行了大规模的开发，并且开放了的长陵、定陵和昭陵，其中定陵的地宫已经被发掘了。现在这里已经成为了全国重点风景名胜区，是世界上保存完整、埋葬皇帝最多的墓葬群。现在大家可能在想：明朝不是有十六个皇帝么?怎么在这里只有十三个皇帝的陵寝?其实原因很简单，明太祖朱元璋因为建都南京，所以他的陵墓当然就在南京啦，也就是明孝陵;而明朝第二个皇帝建文帝，因为被朱棣夺取了皇位，尸骨下落不明，所以这里就没有他的陵墓;在明朝第七代皇帝英宗的时候，他曾经被宦官王振怂恿，率军亲征，后来在河北怀来的土木堡被瓦刺军俘虏，这个事件称为“土木之变”，一国不能无君，所以他的兄弟就被册封为景泰帝，而后又上演了英宗重新夺取皇位的“夺门之变”，所以在十三陵中没有景泰帝的陵墓，他以亲王的礼节被安葬在西郊的金山口。这样一来，大家一定都明白了为什么这里叫做十三陵了。

现在大家沿途看到的这一个石牌坊，就是陵区的标志，是嘉靖年间制造的。这个牌坊是5间6柱11楼，高有14米，宽达到了28.86米，是现在国内保存下来最大、最精美的石牌坊，上边的图案装饰也都是云龙图案，反映了皇家建筑的特点。

大宫门就是陵墓区的正门儿，也叫大红门。门是南向的，分三洞，在这个门里边就是陵墓区。在门两侧都有刻着“官员人等至此下马”的下马碑，因为当时规定这些人进入陵区都是要步行，否则可是要治罪的。而且这里也是禁区，不是一般老百姓可以随便进入的地方，严重的是要被斩首的。而进了这个门儿，也就走进了贯穿陵园南北，能够直接通到长陵陵门的神道，明朝的神道，也是我国历代修建的帝王陵中神道最长的，其实他的主要作用就是让皇帝灵魂通过的地方，全长有7公里。

我们一边走着，就可以看到前边有一个碑亭。这个碑亭是重檐歇山顶的建筑，里边有赑屃驮着巨碑，这个就是长陵的神功颂德碑，正式建立于1435年，正面就是永乐皇帝的长子朱高炽写的颂德碑文，有3000多字，而背面则是在乾隆五十年撰写的《哀明陵三十韵》，里边详细记录了陵墓的破损情况。碑身的东面是清政府修缮陵墓的花费，西侧则是在嘉庆九年论述明王朝灭亡的原因。

过了碑亭，我们继续沿着神道行走，会发现在神路两侧，都有很多石雕。其实这里一共有36座石雕，叫做石像生。紧挨着碑亭后边的是两根石望柱，接下来就是狮子、獬豸、骆驼、大象、麒麟、马，各有四匹，按照先卧后立的顺序排列。然后是武臣、文臣和勋臣各有四人。修建这些，都是为了体现帝王生前的仪仗和死后的尊严。所以体积都非常大，雕刻的都非常精细。而且这些也都象征着皇帝在生前可以得到尊崇，到了死后也是同样得到尊崇。，各方神圣和文武百官还是要为我独尊。

再往前走，就可以看到一座棂星门，也叫龙凤门，取天门之意。在这个三门六柱的门中央位置上，有三个火焰宝珠，所以这里也被叫做火焰牌坊。

我们其实一直都是沿着神道来前进的，来回顾一下，先是石牌坊，然后到了大宫门，现在我们就要已经进入了长陵了。碑亭，石象生，过了龙凤门，还有一段路程就可以到达长陵的陵门了。而我们所说的整个陵墓群的中轴线其实也就是这条贯穿陵园南北，全长共7公里的神道。

说到长陵，它是明十三陵中的第一座陵，始建于1420xx年，在1420xx年全部建成，是明成祖永乐皇帝朱棣和徐皇后的合葬墓。朱棣是明太祖朱元璋的第四个儿子，当朱元璋死后，朱棣就以靖难为名，从北平发兵攻下南京，并且从当时的皇帝朱允文手中夺得了皇位，改年号为永乐，这件事历史上称之为靖难之役。朱棣是一位很了不起的皇帝，当了皇帝以后仍然为了巩固明朝的统治而连年征战，并且在1420xx年做出了迁都北京的重大决定。在他所统治的明朝年间，国库充实，政局稳定，而且还命人写作了《永乐大典》这部我国历史上最大的类书，派郑和七下西洋，发展了各国之间友好关系。而他的贤内助徐皇后，也就是明朝开国元勋徐达的女儿也是一位有中国古典美的女性，她曾经编写了《内训》和《劝善》用以化育人心，在用了五年的时候病逝了。值得一提的是葬入长陵的第一个人并不是朱棣，而是徐皇后。长陵共占地10公顷，中轴线由陵恩门，陵恩殿，明楼，宝城和宝顶共同组成。陵墓共有三进院，第一进院是从陵门道陵恩门，可以看到左右两侧各有一个小碑亭，但当时上面都没有文字，现在的文字是清顺治皇帝写上的。陵恩殿坐落在陵墓的第二进院落中，在1412，明永乐十四年建成，是供奉牌位和举行祭祀活动的地方。它面阔九间，进深五间，是重檐庑殿顶的建筑，殿内有60根楠木柱，中间的四根直径都达到了一米以上，是国内最好的楠木殿。原来陵恩殿中陈列有大佛龛，现在已经没有了，取而代之的是后人制作的永乐皇帝坐像，大家可以绕道坐像的后边来看一下，可以看到椅背上刻有一条龙，而龙头则正对着万历皇帝的头部，这象征着皇帝是真龙天子。而四周则是出土文物的展览。

咱们从殿后的门一出来，就到达了第三进院落，每座陵墓的标志——明楼就在这里。大家可以看到这里也有一个碑亭，石碑上刻有成祖文皇帝之陵，因为皇帝姓朱，所以碑身也都是用的朱砂红色。

由于长陵的地宫没有发掘，所以我们在长陵的游览就先告一段落。不过大家不用着急，接下来我们将要去的定陵，就可以让大家参观到古代皇帝的地下宫殿了。

定陵是明朝第13位皇帝神宗万历朱翊钧和孝端、孝靖两位皇后的合葬墓。朱翊钧是明朝在位最久的皇帝，他的为人和永乐皇帝朱棣可以说成为了鲜明的对比。他非常贪婪懒惰，在他九岁即位的时候，由于有大臣张居正的辅佐，国家发展的还算比较稳定，可是后来张居正病逝，他便利用这个机会为自己选择了陵地，花费了800万两白银，用了六年时间，建了工程质量最好的定陵，而他居然因为陵寝修建的非常满意，而在地宫当中举行了盛大的宴会，真实一位让人苦笑不得的皇帝。而他不仅如此，在他在位的48年当中，竟然有20xx年不理朝政，导致国家处于瘫痪状态。后人评论，其实明朝灭亡的命运，在万历皇帝朱翊钧时就已经成为定局了。他有两位皇后，其实在开始的时候孝靖皇后身份低下，可是与他有了一个男孩，就是后来的“一月天子”朱常洛，母以子贵，她就被封为贵妃。但是她比朱翊钧早死了九年，并没有葬在定陵里，直到后来追封她为太皇太后的时候，才与万历皇帝朱翊钧，孝端皇后共同葬入陵寝。朱翊钧的另一个皇后孝端与他没有孩子，在她去世后不到百日，朱翊钧也去世了，所以他们是同日葬入定陵的。

一进入定陵陵区，我们首先看到的是一个碑亭，里边就是神功圣德碑，也称为无字碑。碑顶有云龙交盘，下端雕有海水纹的图案，碑座也是龙九子之一赑屃。在十三陵中，除了长陵以外，其他的陵碑都没有字。这是因为原来在献景裕茂泰康六个陵门前没有碑亭，当然也就没有碑文一说，可是后来这六个碑亭相继建成，碑文理应有当时的嘉靖皇帝撰写，可是他忙于炼丹成仙，根本没工夫理会，所以导致六个碑空空如也。在永陵之后的陵墓，因为祖宗的墓碑上都没有写字，所以怕冒犯祖先，也都没有撰写碑文，这样就形成了今天我们所看到的景象。定陵的这个碑背面有一个满月型的痕迹，所以俗称月亮碑，传说它还有灵性，能随月亮阴晴圆缺而发光，可是后来陵园着火，就失去了灵性。

过了碑亭，我们所看到的两座高石台基就是定陵陵恩门和陵恩殿的遗址。这里原来也叫享殿，它是举行祭祀典礼的地方，当时面阔七间，清兵入关的时候曾经遭到破坏，到了乾隆年间，对这里进行了修复，但是后来又遭到了破坏。

在往前走，我们可以看到一个陈列室，这里陈列展出的都是定陵的出土文物，是在地宫挖掘之后兴建的。展室分为南北两个部分，南侧主要陈列地宫出土的万历皇帝的随葬品，北侧则是两位太后的随葬品，都非常精美，各位尽可以一饱眼福。

现在来到了明楼，它也是定陵陵墓的标志。明楼为石结构建筑，是定陵地面保存最完好的建筑，始终没有遭到破坏。在明楼黄色琉璃瓦顶上，镶有一块高大的石榜，刻有定陵二字，在明楼内的碑额上篆有大名二字，而碑身上则刻有神宗显皇帝之陵七个大字。它与宝城相连。宝城是一道用城砖垒起的圆形大墙，墙上有垛口，城墙高7.5米，上厚下薄，周长800米，在它围绕的中间有一个人工堆成的大土丘，其实就是皇陵的坟头，叫做宝顶。

咱们现在正从左侧的通道走入地宫。定陵地宫的挖掘工作是从1956年5月开始的，在1958年结束。最开始，工作人员是发现了宝城西南侧墙上露出了一处券门，于是就正对着券门开了第一条探沟，到了底部发现了用城砖砌成的隧道。在三个月以后，沿着隧道的方向在明楼西面开了第二条探沟，在这条探沟的挖掘过程中，碰到了刻有“此时至今刚墙前皮十六丈、深三丈五尺”的石碑，从而得到了关于打开地宫的正确方向。工作人员沿着这个方向，又开了第三条探沟，最终找到了石隧道，并且发现了金刚墙，打开金刚墙，里边有一个方形的石券室，在西侧正中有两扇汉白玉的石门，从里边顶着“自来石”，而工作人员只用了铁丝和木板，不到五分钟，就将沉睡了337年的定陵地宫打开了。

地宫深度是27米，总面积达到了1195平方米，整个建筑的用料都是砖石，可以说是地下的无梁殿，礼制上是仿明堂的“九重法宫制”，分为前中后左右五个殿堂由七扇汉白玉门连接，最大的一扇高3.3米，宽1.7米，重达4吨，看上去很笨重，其实设计非常的合理。石门的重心偏向门轴，所以开关自如;门扇上横着设有防止倒塌的青铜扇管，重量大约是10吨;在门正面雕刻有乳状门钉和衔环铺首，背面与之相对应的地方有一个凸起的部分，关门以后，自来石就承托在这里。

在地宫前殿和左右两个配殿中没有任何的陈设。而现在到达的中殿高7.2米，宽6米，地面是金砖铺地，据记载，这种砖会越擦越亮的。殿中陈设有汉白玉石宝座，它的样式和皇帝生前宝座是一样的，在前边也就是孝靖和孝端皇后的宝座雕有凤头，而万历皇帝的宝座靠背和扶手都雕有龙头。原来宝座的陈列是呈品字形的，后来为了方便游人参观，才改变了陈设。在三个宝座之前，设有祭祀用具黄琉璃五供，包括一个香炉，两个烛台，和两个香瓶，和嘉靖年间的青花云龙大瓷缸，这个缸中原来是盛有香油，里边放有灯芯的，叫做长明灯，但是由于关门后地宫缺氧，所以这盏灯并没有长明。

在中殿后面的就是后殿，它是地宫中最大的一个殿，高大9.5米，长31米，宽9.1米，地面上铺设的是磨光的花斑石。在后殿中设有白石镶边的棺床一座，中央有一个长型方孔，中间填的是黄土，也就是选择墓穴时的第一铲黄土，叫做金井，它是整座陵寝建筑格局的基本点。在棺椁四周和棺椁内放有玉石，或者在死者口中含有玉石，称为玉葬。之所以这样，是因为古人认为金井可以沟通阴阳，交流生气，而玉葬能够保持尸体不腐烂。金井玉葬在明清两代是最高等级的葬礼。当然这些都是古人的理想而已，没有什么科学根据。在棺床的上安放有万历皇帝和两位皇后的棺椁，还有装随葬品的26个木箱。

按照皇帝陵寝的规置，后殿只是安放皇帝棺椁用的，那为什么两个皇后的棺椁也出现在这里呢?这个现象在史料中是没有明确记载的，可是根据专家推测：在万历四十八年的时候，先是孝端皇后病逝，接着七月就是万历皇帝去世，而他的儿子朱常洛也在即位29天死于红丸案，在这短短百日之内，死了两位皇帝，一位皇后，还有孝靖皇后还要迁葬，这么巨大的任务都压在了刚刚即位的皇帝朱由校身上，所以准备工作十分的仓促。而且当时正好是雨季，安放皇后的配殿不方便打开，于是皇帝皇后的棺椁就都从正门进去了。可是到了地宫发现配殿的甬道太窄了，皇后的棺椁进不去，所以只好将它们一并放入了后殿当中。现在大家可以明白地宫中棺椁的摆设呈这样是怎样一回事儿了吧。那好，现在就请大家跟随我走出地宫。

随着参观定陵的活动结束，我们今天的明十三陵之行也将近尾声了，相信大家一定都为这座巨大的帝王陵墓群而感叹，随着我国文物保护工作的不断开展，国家投入了大量的资金修缮明十三陵，这座规模宏大的帝王陵寝也将被永久的保存下去。同时，我也希望各位游客能对这里留下美好的印象，欢迎各位下次再来参观。

简单的北京明十三陵导游词5篇(四)

各位游客：

你们好，欢迎你们来到北京旅游，我是你们的导游。

十三陵是明朝十三代皇帝及皇后之陵墓的简称，在北京西北约44公里的昌平县天寿山下的小盆地上，面积约40平方公里。从德胜门驱车直下，向北经沙河、昌平就可到达十三陵了。

十三座墓陵的建筑布局、规制等基本相同，只在面积大小、建筑繁简等方面略有差异。其中明成祖朱棣所葬之墓——长陵，是十三陵中规模最大的。长陵建于明永乐十一年(1420xx年)，陵内有主要建筑棱恩殿、明楼和宝顶。棱恩殿为我国现存形体最大的一座木结构建筑。定陵是明神宗朱翊均的安寝之地，是十三陵中唯一被发掘的陵墓，著名的十三陵地下宫殿就在这里。定陵修建于万历十二年(1584年)，规模宏大，仅当年役使的军卒、工匠就达三万余人。地下宫殿的发掘，出土了大量珍贵的文物，成为研究明代历史的宝贵资料。另一座明陵——永陵，是明世宗朱厚聪的陵寝，其规模虽不及长陵，但构造精美细致，其主要建筑明楼，为十三陵建筑之冠。

十三陵除以上景点供游人观览外，还有著名的石牌楼(为我国最大的古石坊)及造型细腻、栩栩如生的石象生。1958年修建的十三陵水库，更给十三陵增添了新的光彩，成为夏季旅游的好去处。十三陵第九号皇陵——昭陵，也从1985年开始修复，1989年11月1日修复完毕，对外开放。十三陵为1961年国务院公布的第一批全国重点文物保护单位之一。

明十三陵，世界文化遗产，全国重点文物保护单位，国家重点风景名胜区，国家AAAAA级旅游景区。

明十三陵坐落于北京市昌平区天寿山麓，总面积一百二十余平方公里，距离天安门约五十公里。自永乐七年(1409)五月始作长陵，到明朝最后一帝崇祯葬入思陵止，其间230多年，先后修建了十三座皇帝陵墓、七座妃子墓、一座太监墓。共埋葬了十三位皇帝、二十三位皇后、二位太子、三十余名妃嫔、两位太监。

明十三陵坐落于天寿山麓。总面积一百二十余平方公里。距离北京约五十公里。十三陵地处东、西、北三面环山的小盆地之中，陵区周围群山环抱，中部为平原，陵前有小河曲折蜿蜒，山明水秀，景色宜人。

这里自永乐七年(1409)五月始作长陵，到明朝最后一帝崇祯葬入思陵止，其间230多年，先后修建了十三座皇帝陵墓、七座妃子墓、一座太监墓。共埋葬了十三位皇帝、二十三位皇后、二位太子、三十余名妃嫔、一位太监。

十三座皇陵均依山而筑，分别建在东、西、北三面的山麓上，形成了体系完整、规模宏大、气势磅礴的陵寝建筑群。明代术士认为，这里是"风水"胜境，绝佳"吉壤"。因此被明朝选为营建皇陵的"万年寿域"。

该陵园建于1409～1644年，距今已有300～500多年历史。陵区占地面积达40平方公里，是中国乃至世界现存规模最大、帝后陵寝最多的一处皇陵建筑群。明代时，于途中的沙河镇北，建有七孔石造"朝宗桥"。在镇东，则筑有壮丽的"巩华城"。该城原为嘉靖皇帝祭陵时中途休息的行宫，现仅存遗址。

景区简介

明十三陵坐落于天寿山麓。总面积一百二十余平方公里。距离北京约五十公里。十三陵地处东、西、北三面环山的小盆地之中，陵区周围群山环抱，中部为平原，陵前有小河曲折蜿蜒，山明水秀，景色宜人。

这里自永乐七年(1409)五月始作长陵，到明朝最后一帝崇祯葬入思陵止，其间230多年，先后修建了十三座皇帝陵墓、七座妃子墓、一座太监墓。共埋葬了十三位皇帝、二十三位皇后、二位太子、三十余名妃嫔、一位太监。

十三座皇陵均依山而筑，分别建在东、西、北三面的山麓上，形成了体系完整、规模宏大、气势磅礴的陵寝建筑群。明代术士认为，这里是"风水"胜境，绝佳"吉壤"。因此被明朝选为营建皇陵的"万年寿域"。

该陵园建于1409～1644年，距今已有300～500多年历史。陵区占地面积达40平方公里，是中国乃至世界现存规模最大、帝后陵寝最多的一处皇陵建筑群。明代时，于途中的沙河镇北，建有七孔石造"朝宗桥"。在镇东，则筑有壮丽的"巩华城"。该城原为嘉靖皇帝祭陵时中途休息的行宫，现仅存遗址。[1]

地理位置

明十三陵是中国明朝皇帝的墓葬群，坐落在北京西北郊昌平区境内的燕山山麓的天寿山。

历史沿革

发展历史

明十三陵建于1409～1645年，陵区占地面积达40平方公里。

中华人民共和国成立后，政府为了保护这一文物古迹，从解放初期就开始进行维修，并将十三陵作为全国重点文物加以保护。

1957年，北京市政府公布十三陵为北京市第一批重点古建文物保护单位。

1961年，十三陵被公布为全国重点文物保护单位。

1982年，国务院公布八达岭-十三陵风景区为全国44个重点风景名胜保护区之一。

1991年，十三陵被国家旅游局确定为“中国旅游胜地四十佳”之一。

1992年，十三陵被北京旅游世界之最评选委员会评为“是世界上保存完整埋葬皇帝最多的墓葬群。”

20xx年，明十三陵被列入《世界遗产目录》。

20xx年，国家旅游局批准明十三陵景区为国家5A级旅游景区。

20xx年7月1日，明十三陵优待券全面取消，所有游客均需购票参观。

名称由来

明十三陵是明朝迁都北京后13位皇帝陵墓的皇家陵寝的总称，依次建有长陵(成祖)、献陵(仁宗)、景陵(宣宗)、裕陵(英宗)、茂陵(宪宗)、泰陵(孝宗)、康陵(武宗)、永陵(世宗)、昭陵(穆宗)、定陵(神宗)、庆陵(光宗)、德陵(熹宗)、思陵(思宗)，故称十三陵。景区已开放景点有长陵、定陵、昭陵、神路。

本段景点介绍

景区已开放景点有长陵、定陵、昭陵、神路。

明长陵

明长陵位于天寿山主峰南麓，是明朝第三位皇帝成祖文皇帝朱棣(年号永乐)和皇后徐氏的合葬陵寝。在十三陵中建筑规模最大，营建时间最早，地面建筑也保存得最为完好。它是十三陵中的祖陵，也是陵区内最主要的旅游景点之一。

长陵的陵宫建筑，占地约12万平方米。其平面布局呈前方后圆形状。其前面的方形部分，由前后相连的三进院落组成。

第一进院落，前设陵门一座。其制为单檐歇山顶的宫门式建筑，面阔显五间，檐下额枋、飞子、檐椽及单昂三踩式斗拱均系琉璃构件;其下辟有三个红券门。陵门之前建有月台，左右建有随墙式角门(已拆除并封塞)。院内，明朝时建有神厨(居左)、神库(居右)各五间，神厨之前建有碑亭一座。神厨、神库均毁于清代中期，碑亭则保存至今。

第二进院落，前面设殿门一座，名为祾恩门。据《太常续考》等文献记载，天寿山诸陵陵殿名为“祾恩殿”，殿门名之为“祾恩门”，始于嘉靖十七年(1538年)，是世宗朱厚熜亲易佳名。其中，“祾”字取“祭而受福”之意，“恩”字取“罔极之恩”意，长陵棱恩门，为单檐歇山顶形制，面阔五间(通阔31.44米)，进深二间(通深14.37米)，正脊顶部距地面高14.57米。檐下斗拱为单翘重昂七踩式，其平身科斗拱耍头的后尾作斜起的杆状，与宋清做法皆不相同。室内明间、次间各设板门一道，稍间封以墙体。其中明间板门之上安有华带式榜额，书“祾恩门”三金字。“稜”字系后世修葺时误写。门下承以旱白玉栏杆围绕的须弥座式台基。其栏杆形制，为龙凤雕饰的望柱，和宝瓶、三幅云式的栏板。台基四角及各栏杆望柱之下，各设有排水用的石雕螭首(龙头)。台基前后则各设有三出踏跺式台阶。其中路台阶间的御路石上雕刻的浅浮雕图案十分精美：下面是海水江牙云腾浪涌，海水中宝山矗立，两匹海马跃出水面凌波奔驰;上面是两条矫健的巨龙在云海中升降飞腾，追逐火珠，呈现出一派波澜壮阔的雄伟景象。

祾恩门两侧还各有掖门一座，均作随墙式琉璃花门，门上的斗拱、额枋，门顶的瓦饰、椽飞均为黄绿琉璃件组装，在红墙的映衬下格外分明。院内，北面正中位置建有高大巍峨的祾恩殿。这座大殿在明清两代，是用于供奉帝后神牌(牌位)和举行上陵祭祀活动的地方。

明定陵

明定陵是明代第十三位皇帝神宗显皇帝朱翊钧(年号万历)的陵墓。这里还葬有他的两个皇后。该陵坐落在大峪山下，位于长陵西南方，建于1584～1590年(万历十二年至万历十八年)。主要建筑有祾恩门、祾恩殿、宝城、明楼和地下宫殿等。占地1820xx平方米。它是十三陵中唯一一座被发掘了的陵墓。定陵地宫可供游人参观。

定陵早在万历帝生前就开始营建，万历十二年(公元1584年)开工，历时6年方完成，耗银八百万两。陵墓建成时皇帝只有28岁，直到1620xx年才正式启用。定陵成为十三陵中最大的三座陵园之一。它的地面建筑共占18万平方米，前有宽阔院落三进，后有高大宝城一座。陵正门前方是三卒汉白玉石桥。过了桥是高大的碑亭。亭周围有祠祭署、宰牲亭、定陵监等建筑物300多间。再往后就是陵园最外面的围墙-外罗城(围墙外的围墙)。

陵宫的总体布局亦呈前方后圆之形。其外围是一道将宝城、宝城前方院一包在内的“外罗城”。城内面积约18万平方米。清梁份《帝陵图说》对这道外城成做过这样的描述：“铺地墙基，其石皆文石，滑泽如新，微尘不能染。左右长垣琢为山水、花卉、龙凤、麒麟、海马、龟蛇之壮(状)，莫不宛然逼肖，真巧夺天工也。”又谓：“覆墙黄同瓦瓦，刻砖为斗拱，檐牙玲珑嵌空，光莹如玉石。甲申之变，寸寸毁之，而不能尽毁也。”外罗城仅前部正当中轴线位置设宫门一座，即陵寝第一道门。其制，黄瓦、朱扉、设券门三道。

外罗城内，偏后部位为宝城。宝城之前，在外罗城内设有三进方形的院落。

第一进院落，前设单檐歇山顶式陵门一座，制如外罗城门，为陵寝第二道门，又称重门。其左右各设有随墙式掖门一道。院落之内无建筑设施，院落之前(外罗城之内)左侧建有神厨三间，右侧建有神库三间。

第二进院落，前墙之间设祾恩门。其制面阔五间(通阔26.47米)，进深二间(通深11.46米)，下承一层须弥座式台基。台基之上龙凤望柱头式的石栏杆及大小螭首设置齐备。前后还各设有三出踏跺式台阶。

第三进院落，前墙间建有陵园最主要的殿宇——祾恩殿。其形制为重檐顶，面阔七间(通阔50.6米)，进深五间(通深28.1米)，下承须弥座式台基一层，围栏雕饰同祾恩门。台基前部出有月台。月台前设三出踏跺式台阶，左右各设一出。殿有后门，故台基的后面亦设踏跺式台阶一出。其中，后面一出踏跺及月台前中间一出踏跺设有御路石雕。刻龙凤戏珠(左升龙，右降凤)及海水江牙图案。祾恩殿左右各设随墙式掖门一座。院内沿中轴线设有两柱牌楼门(棂星门)一座、石几筵一套。牌楼门的两柱作出头式，白石雕成、截面为方形，顶部雕坐龙，前后戗以石抱鼓。石几筵，由石供案和石供器组成。石供案作须弥座式，石供器由香炉(一座)、烛台(二座)、花瓶(二座)组成。形制如长、永等陵。

由于宝城的隧道门设于宝城墙的右前方，帝后棺椁在享殿(祾恩殿)内举行“安神礼”后，必须途经外罗城内能进入宝城的隧道门入葬玄宫，同时考虑到建筑设计的对称性，在第三进院落左右两墙又对称地设有随墙式掖门各一座。

此外，定陵外罗城之前，左侧还建有宰性亭、祠祭署，右侧建有神宫监、神马房等附属建筑。定陵卫的营房则建于昌平城内。其中，定陵祠祭署的建筑布局是，中为公座(办公用的正厅)，后为官舍，前为门。神宫监有重门厅室，房屋多至300余间。

明昭陵

明昭陵位于大峪山东麓，是明朝第十二代皇帝穆宗庄皇帝朱载垕(年号隆庆)及其三位皇后的合葬陵寝。昭陵是十三陵中第一座大规模复原修葺的陵园，也是陵区正式开放的旅游景点之一。

昭陵陵园建筑面积为35000平方米，现存有完整的祾恩门、祾恩殿及其东西配殿，和方城、明楼、宝顶等。这里埋葬有明朝第十二帝穆宗朱载垕和他的三位皇后。

明朝灭亡后，昭陵先后遭到两次破坏。公元1644年，战乱中明楼遭火焚;清朝康熙三十四年(1695年)三月五日，大雨滂沱，雷电交加，陵恩殿和两庑配殿又遭雷击起火，陵卒拼命扑救，只救下了两庑配殿，陵恩殿被彻底烧毁。随着岁月的推移，到了乾隆年间，两庑配殿和陵恩门又相继残坏。乾隆五十至五十二年(1785-1787年)，清政府为缓和民族矛盾，重新修葺明十三陵。昭陵也在修葺之中。从遗址分析，当时修葺的项目只有明楼、棱恩门、棱恩殿三项工程。这次重修，虽然使陵园制度稍趋完备，但却改变了原有建筑的规制。

明楼的斗拱，依明朝制度各陵均为上檐单翘重昂七踩斗拱，下檐重昂五踩斗拱。而修葺后的昭陵却变成了上下檐均为单翘单昂五踩斗拱。明楼内还增加了条石券顶。棱恩门、棱恩殿虽然重建时间数没有大的变动，但都缩小了尺度。棱恩殿，原制面阔五间(30.38米)，进深四间(16.77米);清代重建后，面阔间数没有改变，尺度却缩小为23.3米。进深改为三间，尺度缩小为11.92米。棱恩门，原为面阔三间(18.44米)，进深二间(8.04米);清代重建后面阔缩小为12.52米，进深缩小为6.77米。陵内的两庑配殿和陵前的神功圣德碑亭不仅没有重建，而且残垣断壁也被拆除。只在碑石周围旧亭基上修建了一周宇墙。此后，长达220xx年的时间里一直没有修缮。昔日壮丽的陵园建筑满目凄凉，只剩下残坏的明楼和陵墙了。

明永陵

明永陵位于阳翠岭南麓，是明朝第十一代皇帝世宗肃皇帝朱厚熜(年号嘉靖)及陈氏、方氏、杜氏三位皇后的合葬陵寝。

永陵大约经过7-20xx年的经营，永陵营建大体告成。建成后的永陵与前七陵相较，确有两大独特之处。

首先，是规模宏大。在古代，陵园规模的大小，取决于陵园殿庑、明楼及宝城规则。按照《大明会典》的记载，永陵宝城直径为81丈，裬恩殿为重檐七间，左右配殿各九间，其规制仅次于长陵，而超过献、景、裕、茂、泰、康六陵制度。其裬恩门面阔五间则与长陵相等，其后仅定陵与之同制。

另外，永陵的方院和宝城之外，还有一道前七陵都没有的外罗城，其制“壮大，甃石之缜密精工，长陵规画之心思不及也”。外罗城之内，左列神厨，右列神库各五间，还仿照深宫永巷之制，建有东西长街。古人设计了外罗城，以便将皇妃们埋葬于外罗城之内，其布葬的位置则拟在宝山城之外，明楼之前，亦即明楼前左右宫墙之外，左右相向，依次而袝。后来，世宗的皇妃们的墓窒虽然没有按原议定的方案，修在外罗城内，但外罗城则按原定计划修建了。

明献陵

献陵是明朝第四位皇帝仁宗昭皇帝朱高炽(洪熙)和皇后张氏的陵寝，就位于天寿山西峰之下，长陵的旁边，目前封闭没有开放。

陵寝制度确实比较俭朴。其神道从长陵神道北五空桥北分出，长约1公里。途中建有单空石桥一座。路面为中铺城砖，两侧墁碎石为散水，十分俭朴。其朝向为南偏西200，占地仅4.2万平方米左右。其陵殿、两庑配殿、神厨均各为5间，而且都是单檐建筑;门楼(祾恩门)则仅为3间;城下券门改为更简单的直通前后的形式。照壁则因之不设于券洞内而设于方城之后，墓冢之前。上登明楼的礓石察 量路则改为设于宝城之内的方城左右两侧。由于献陵陵制不追求奢华，所以，前人在述及明陵时有“献陵最朴，景陵最小”之说，它为此后的明陵建筑树立了楷模。

明献陵还有一个特点，这就是祾恩殿和方城明楼在院落上彼此不相连属。前面以祾恩殿为主，建有一进院落，殿前左右建两庑配殿和神帛炉。院的正门，是祾恩门，也即陵园的大门，门前出大月台，院后设单座门一道。后面以宝城、明楼为主，前出一进院落。院内建两柱棂星门、石供案。院门为三座单檐歇山顶的琉璃花门。二院之间，隔一座小土山(影壁山)。

明庆陵

明庆陵，位于北京昌平天寿山陵内黄山寺二岭南麓，是明朝第十四代皇帝光宗贞皇帝朱常洛(年号泰昌)和皇后郭氏、王氏、刘氏的合葬陵寝。

庆陵的地下玄宫自天启元年(公元1620xx年)三月定穴营建，七月二十九日合龙门，历时四个月，耗帑银150万两。且工程质量精细，除玄宫全部用石料外，其“后、中、前殿”，有“重门相隔”。天启六年(公元1620xx年)地面建筑完工。其陵园建筑由神道、陵宫及陵宫外附属建筑三部分组成。神道上建单空石桥一座。近陵处建神功圣德碑亭遗作，亭内竖碑，螭首龟跌，无字。

陵宫建筑总体布局呈前方后圆形状，占地约2.76万平方米。前面有两进方院，彼此不相连接，在二进院落之间有神道相连，并于第一进院落后建单空石桥三座。第一进院落，以祾恩门为陵门，单檐歇山顶，面阔三间。院内建祾恩殿及左右配殿，各五间。神帛炉两座。第二进院落，前设三座门，内建两柱牌楼门及石供案，案上摆放石质香炉一，驻泰、花瓶各二，方院之后为圆形宝城，在宝城入口处建有方形城台，城台之上建重檐歇山式明楼。楼内竖圣号碑，上刻“大明”“光宗贞皇帝之陵”。明楼后宝城内满填黄土，中央夯筑上小下大的圆柱形体为宝顶，底部直径约28米。冢前拦土墙与宝城墙等高，并与宝城城台及两侧墙体围成一个平面近于“月牙”形状的院落——哑巴院，院内有随墙式琉璃照壁。零工外还有一些附属建筑，如宰牲亭、神厨、神库、祠祭署、神宫监、朝房、果园、榛厂、神马房等。

明茂陵

明茂陵，位于裕陵右侧的聚宝山下，是明朝第八代皇帝宪宗纯皇帝朱见深(年号成化)和王氏、纪氏、邵氏三位皇后的合葬陵寝。

位于裕陵右侧的聚宝山下，是明朝第八帝宪宗纯皇帝朱见深(年号成化)和王氏、纪氏、邵氏三位皇后的合葬陵寝。

茂陵的建筑在清初时保存尚好，而且祾恩殿内的陈设也保存较多。顾炎武《昌平山水记》记载顺治、康熙年间茂陵的情况是： “十二陵惟茂陵独完，他陵或仅存御榻，茂陵则簨虡之属犹有存者。”至清朝末年，祾恩门因年久失修已经倒塌，民国年间祾恩殿本已残坏，又被拆毁。其现状情况同裕陵。

明康陵

明康陵，位于金岭(又名莲花山或八宝莲花山)东麓，是明朝第十代皇帝武宗毅皇帝朱厚照(年号正德)和皇后夏氏的合葬陵寝。

建陵用时1年，总体布局沿袭前制，呈前方后圆形状。该陵建于正德十六年(1520xx年)，占地2.7万平方米。明末，康陵曾遭到烧毁，在清朝乾隆年间，曾被整修。

明景陵

明景陵，位于天寿山东峰(又名黑山)之下，是明朝第五代皇帝宣宗章皇帝朱瞻基(年号宣德)与皇后孙氏的合葬陵寝。

其神道从长陵神道北五空桥南向东分出，长约1.5公里，途中建单空石桥一座。陵宫朝向为南偏西55o，占地约2.5万平方米。宝城因地势修成前方后圆的修长形状。前面的二进方院和后面的宝城连成一体。中轴线上依次修建祾恩门、祾恩殿、三座门、棂星门、石供案、方城、明楼等建筑。

景陵内的祾恩殿台基，仍是嘉靖年间改建后的遗物。从遗存的明代殿宇檐柱柱础石分布可以看出，该殿原制面阁五间(31.34米)，进深三间(16.9米)，后有抱厦一间(面阔8.1米，进深4.03米)，前面的御路石雕二龙戏珠图案，比献陵一色云纹，显得更为精致壮观。

祾恩门、祾恩殿的台基上还有清代改建后遗留的柱础石。神功圣德碑亭仅存石碑及台基。

明泰陵

明泰陵，位于笔架山东南麓，这里又称“施家台”，或“史家山”，是明朝第九代皇帝孝宗敬皇帝朱佑樘(年号弘治)及皇后张氏的合葬陵寝。

泰陵陵事的筹划是在明孝宗去世之后。《明武宗实录》记载，武宗即位后，即着手筹办孝宗丧事。礼部左侍郎李杰、钦天监监副倪谦和司礼监太监戴义对武宗说：“茂陵西面有个叫施家台的地方，是个建陵的吉地，大行皇帝的陵寝可以在那营建。”工科右给事中许天锡也向武宗建议，派廷臣中精通风水术的人，前去复视一次。他还提议：“如有疑，亟移文江西等处。广求术士，博访名山，务得主势之强，风气之聚，水土之深、穴法之正、力量之全，如宋儒朱熹所云着，庶可安奉神灵，为国家祈天永命之助。”礼部亦赞成这个提议。于是，武宗命太监扶安、李兴、覃观及礼部右侍郎王华等人前往施家台看视，最后确定在那里营建孝宗陵寝。

弘治十八年六月五日，陵园正式兴工，并定陵名为泰陵。太监李兴、新宁伯谭佑、工部左侍郎李鐩提督工程，五军都督府及三大营官军上万人供役，历时四月，玄宫落成，于该年十月十九日午刻将孝宗葬入陵内。正德元年(1520xx年)三月二十二日，陵园的地面建筑也全部告成。

泰陵在清康熙时有的建筑即已残坏。《帝陵图说》记泰陵祾恩门情况，“今左右两门坏，垒石以塞门”。此后，清乾隆五十至五十二年(1785-1787年)陵园建筑曾经修葺，修葺情况除三座门由琉璃花门改建成砖砌冰盘檐式门楼外，余同茂陵。其现状较茂陵残坏最为严重。

明朝弘治皇帝朱佑樘还是中国封建社会皇帝中唯一一个只有一个女人的皇帝。

折叠明德陵

明德陵位于潭峪岭西麓，是明朝第十五代皇帝熹宗折皇帝朱由校(年号天启)和皇后张氏的合葬陵寝。

熹宗朱由校，光宗长子，万历三十三年(公元1620xx年)十一月十四日生。泰昌元年(公元1620xx年)九月六日即皇帝位，次年改元天启。天启七年(公元1620xx年)八月二十二日去世，谥“达天阐道敦孝笃友章文襄武靖穆庄勤zhe皇帝”，享年23岁。崇祯元年(公元1620xx年)三月八日葬德陵。文献记载：熹宗“性至巧，多艺能，尤喜营造”。他曾操斧斤锯凿，自制小楼阁，“雕镂精绝，即巧工亦莫能及”。干得高兴时，甚至解衣裸体，随地盘坐。他“不爱成器，不惜天物”，随意拆改，以供片时之乐。

皇后张氏，熹宗原配。河南祥符人，太康伯张国纪之女。天启元年(公元1620xx年)四月被册立为皇后。崇祯十七年(公元1644年)李自成农民军入城时自缢。南明弘光朝为她上尊谥“孝哀皇后”。顺治元年(公元1644年)，清朝王朝将她葬入德陵。

明裕陵

位于天寿山西峰石门山南麓，是明朝第六位皇帝英宗朱祁镇和皇后钱氏、周氏的合葬陵寝。

明英宗朱祁镇，宣宗长子。宣德二年(1420xx年)十一月十一日生，三年(1420xx年)二月六日立为皇太子，十年(1435年)正月十日即皇帝位，次年改元正统。

天顺八年(1464年)正月十七日，英宗去世，谥“法天立道仁明诚敬昭文宪武至德广孝睿皇帝”。临终遗诏止殉，结束了宫人殉葬的残酷制度。五月，陵寝玄宫建成，八月，英宗葬裕陵。

孝庄睿皇后钱氏，英宗元配，海州人，都指挥佥事(后封安昌伯)钱贵女。正统七年(1442年)立为皇后。十四年(1449年)，英宗被瓦剌部所俘，为迎英宗回朝，她把自己宫中的全部资财输出，每天悲哀地呼天号地，祈求神灵保佑英宗。累了就就地而卧，以致伤残了一条腿。终日哭泣，又哭瞎了一只眼睛。

宪宗即位，尊为皇太后，加“慈懿”徽号。成化四年(1468年)六月二十六日，钱氏病故。谥“孝庄献穆弘惠显仁恭天钦圣睿皇后”。九月四日葬裕陵。

孝肃后周氏，宪宗生母，昌平州文宁里柳林村(今属北京市海淀区)人，锦衣卫千户追封庆云侯赠宁国公周能的女儿。正统十二年(1447年)生宪宗皇帝，天顺元年(1457年)册封为贵妃。宪宗即位，尊为皇太后。成化二十三年(1487年)加尊号“圣慈仁寿”。孝宗即位后，尊为太皇太后。弘治十七年(1520xx年)三月一日去世，谥“孝肃贞顺康懿光烈辅天承圣太皇太后”。四月十八日葬裕陵。

明思陵

思陵约建于1642年，本是思宗宠妃田贵妃之妃园寝。明朝灭亡后，李自成命人将明思宗及皇后周氏合葬于田贵妃之墓，为拢络人心并改名思陵，使思陵成为明十三陵中唯一一座帝后与妃嫔合葬之陵，而相较于明朝诸陵，思陵的规模也较小。思陵附近亦有明思宗贴身太监王承恩陪葬墓，清顺治帝、康熙帝亦曾为王承恩立碑以嘉许其贞忠殉主。

清朝灭亡后，思陵屡逢劫难，残毁十分严重。地下墓室曾先后两次被当地土匪盗发。1947年，国民党军队为修炮楼，又大规模地拆毁陵园地面建筑。思陵已是满目凄凉，只有坟冢、楼殿遗址、石雕五供、碑石作为珍贵文物保存下来。

中华人民共和国成立后，国家十分重视文物保护工作，思陵得到应有保护。明思陵，虽然没有金碧辉煌的殿宇楼台，但古陵残碑，松涛阵阵，仍别有一番意境。特别是残存下来的石雕艺术品，构思奇妙，雕工精细。

陪葬陵墓

明十三陵的陪葬墓共有8座，其中7座妃子(太子)墓，1座太监墓。

分别是：

东井、西井：一说是明成祖十六妃殉葬墓，一说是明成祖昭献贵妃王氏和昭顺贤妃喻氏的陪葬墓，期待考古发掘的考证。

万娘坟：即“万贵妃墓”，葬明宪宗皇贵妃万氏。

悼陵：即“世宗三妃墓”，俗称大宫。葬明世宗的皇贵妃沈氏、文贵妃、卢靖妃。

世宗贤妃墓：即“世宗六妃、二太子墓”或“四妃、二太子墓”。葬明世宗的郑贤妃、皇贵妃阎氏、皇贵妃王氏、周贵妃、杨荣妃、马贞妃、哀冲太子、庄敬太子。

郑贵妃墓：葬明神宗的皇贵妃郑氏。

神宗四妃墓：葬明神宗的皇贵妃李氏(即李敬妃)、李顺妃、周端妃、刘昭妃(即宣懿太妃)。

王承恩墓：葬明思宗崇祯皇帝的心腹太监王承恩。

神路

明十三陵神路神路是明十三陵的第一个景点，由石牌坊，大红门，碑楼，石象生，龙凤门等组成。

石牌坊

明十三陵 石牌坊为陵区前的第一座建筑物，建于1540年(嘉靖十九年)。牌坊结构为五楹、六柱、十一楼，全部用汉白玉雕砌，在额枋和柱石的上下，刻有龙、云图纹及麒麟、狮子等浮雕。这些图纹上原来曾饰有各色彩漆，因年代久远，现已剥蚀净尽。整个牌坊结构恢宏，雕刻精美，反映了明代石质建筑工艺的卓越水平。

过了石牌坊，即可看到在神道左、右有两座小山。东为龙山(也叫蟒山)，形如一条奔越腾挪的苍龙;西为虎山(俗称虎峪)，状似 一只伏地警觉的猛虎。中国古代道教有“左青龙，右白虎”为祥瑞之兆的传 说，“龙”、“虎”分列左右，威严地守卫着十三陵的大门。

大红门

神路景点(2)大红门坐落于陵区的正南面，门分三洞，又名大宫门，为陵园的正门。大门两旁原各竖一通石碑，上刻"官员人等至此下马"字样。凡是前来祭陵的人，都必须从此步入陵园，以显示皇陵的无上尊严。大门两侧原设有两个角门，并连接着长达80华里的红色围墙。在蜿蜒连绵的围墙中，另设有一座小红门和十个出入口，均派有重兵驻守，是百姓不可接近的禁地。现在这些围墙都早已坍塌，有些残迹尚依稀可辨。

大红门后的大道，叫神道，也称陵道。起于石牌坊，穿过大红门，一直通向长陵，原为长陵而筑，但后来便成了全陵区的主陵道了。该道纵贯陵园南北，全长7公里，沿线设有一系列建筑物，错落有致，蔚为壮观。

碑亭

位于神道中央，是一座歇山重檐、四出翘角的高大方形亭楼，为长陵所建。亭内竖有龙首龟趺石碑一块，高6米多。上题"大明长陵神功圣德碑"，碑文长达3500多字，是明仁宗朱高炽撰文，明初著名书法家程南云所书。该碑碑文作于1420xx年(洪熙元年)，碑石却是1435年(宣德十年)才刻成的。在碑阴面还刻有清代乾隆皇帝写的《哀明陵十三韵》。碑文详细记录了长、永、定、思诸陵的残破情况。碑东侧是清廷修明陵的花费记录。西侧是嘉庆帝论述明代灭亡的原因。 碑亭四隅立有4根白石华表，其顶部均蹲有一只异兽，名为望天犭孔。华表和碑亭相互映衬，显得十分庄重浑厚。 在碑亭东侧，原建有行宫，为帝后前来祀陵时的更衣处，现已无存。

石雕群

是陵前放置的石雕人、兽，古称石像生(石人又称翁仲)。从碑亭北的两根六角形的石柱起，至龙凤门止的千米神道两旁，整齐地排列着24只石兽和12个石人，造型生动，雕刻精细，深为游人所喜爱。其数量之多，形体之大，雕琢之精，保存之好，是古代陵园中罕见的。 石兽共分6种，每种4只，均呈两立两跪状。将它们陈列于此，赋有一定含义。例如，雄狮威武，而且善战;獬豸为传说中的神兽，善辨忠奸，惯用头上的独角去顶触邪恶之人。狮子和獬豸均是象征守陵的卫士。麒麟，为传说中的"仁兽"，表示吉祥之意。骆驼和大象，忠实善良，并能负重远行。骏马善于奔跑，可为坐骑。 石人分勋臣、文臣和武臣，各4尊，为皇帝生前的近身侍臣，均为拱手执笏的立像，威武而虔诚。 在皇陵中设置这种石像生，早在两千多年前的秦汉时期就有了。主要起装饰点缀作用，以象征皇帝生前的仪威，表示皇帝死后在阴间也拥有文武百官及各种牲畜可供驱使，仍可主宰一切。

棂星门

棂星门又叫龙风门。由四根石柱构成三个门洞，门柱类似华表，柱上有云板、异兽。在三个门额枋上的中央部分，还分别饰有一颗石雕火珠，因而该门又称“火焰牌坊”。龙凤门西北侧，原建有行宫，是帝后祭陵时的歇息之处。

简单的北京明十三陵导游词5篇(五)

明十三陵位于北京昌平区天寿山，因明代迁都北京后有十三位皇帝埋葬于此，故称十三陵。明十三陵自永乐年间建长陵至今已有近620xx年的历史，它用一条总神道、一座石牌坊、一组石像生，把整个陵区联系在了一起，形成了一个整体，是世界上保存完整、埋葬皇帝较多的帝王陵墓群。

明永乐年间，明成祖朱棣的皇后徐氏去世，朱棣命礼部尚书和一名江西术士前往北京一代卜选陵址。大概两年后，选中了今昌平区康家庄楼子营一带。这一带青山环抱，绿水长流。北面的“龙脉”奔腾而来，气势磅礴。至此三峰并峙，山前一马平川，蟒山绕其左，虎峪踞其右。外围重峦叠嶂，如“万骑簇拥，千官侍从”。正是风水理论中的“山川大聚”之势，真正只有帝王才配享用的宝地。朱棣亲临阅视后十分满意，封其山为“万寿山”，选择吉日，动工兴建。永乐十?

Ladies and gentlemen

Hello, everyone. First of all, welcome to the one-day tour of Wuzhenorganized by our Hangshi travel agency. At the moment, our car has been drivingon the Shanghai Hangzhou Expressway. On this day, we are going to Wuzhen, one ofthe six ancient towns in the south of the Yangtze River. Its about an hoursdrive from Hangzhou to Wuzhen. Below, let me give a brief introduction toWuzhen. When it comes to Wuzhen, friends who like Liu Ruoying must be familiarwith her. From the time when she was photographing to becoming the imageambassador of Wuzhen recently, it can be said that Liu Ruoying and Wuzhen haveformed an indissoluble bond. On this day, we will go to this millennium old townand follow Liu Ruoyings idea to enjoy the beautiful scenery of the ancienttown. It is often said that one side of the soil and water nourishes anotherside of the people. Wuzhen is indeed a place of outstanding people. It is a landof elegant geomantic omen. Many outstanding talents have been born since ancienttimes. According to the records of this town, from the Song Dynasty to the lateQing Dynasty, there were 64 Jinshi and 161 Juren in the town, and Mao Dun, agreat literary master, appeared in modern times. It can be said that peoplethrive because of the town, and the town is named because of the people.

Since Wuzhen is so famous, we must be very curious about the origin ofWuzhen. Before the Southern Song Dynasty, Wuzhen was divided into two towns,Wuzhen and Qingzhen, with Chexi as the boundary. Wuzhen in the west of the Riverbelongs to Huzhou Prefecture, while Qingzhen in the east of the River belongs toJiaxing Prefecture. After the liberation of China, the districts of Wuzhen andQingzhen were unified and managed by Jiaxing City. There is another short storyabout the origin of the name "Wuzhen": it is said that in the Tang Dynasty, LiQi, the governor of Zhejiang Province, wanted to be a separate ruler and king,and raised his troops to revolt. The imperial court ordered general wuzan tolead his troops to attack. This wuzan general is highly skilled in martial artsand is good at fighting bravely, which makes Li Qis rebels retreat step bystep. When hit the Chexi River, Li Qi suddenly listed a truce. Just as thegeneral of Ukraine camped and rested on the spot, Li Qi attacked the camp of theUkrainian army that night. General Wu rushed to fight, and finally fell into thetrap set by Li Qi on the bridge. They were shot dead by the rebels on the spot.Although Zhang was defeated, general wuzans loyalty and patriotism moved allthe local people. In memory of him, we used his surname as the name of thetown.

The history of Wuzhen is mentioned above. Our friends go to Wuzhen to play.What should we play when we go to Wuzhen? Its nothing more than eating, wearingand traveling. When it comes to eating, maybe most of our friends start to getexcited. After all, food is the most important thing for the people. Dontworry, listen to Xiao Wangs introduction. When it comes to Wuzhens famousfood, I have to mention this aunt cake. Hearing this name, I think you haveguessed it. It must have something to do with the relationship between aunt andsister-in-law. Its true. According to legend, in the Ming Dynasty, there was afamily surnamed Zhang in the town, who made a living by making pancakes for hissister-in-law for generations. Because it is an exclusive formula, naturalflavor is unique, so enduring business is booming. But there is an unwrittenrule in Zhangs family. In order to ensure that the secret recipe will be passedon from generation to generation, it is stipulated that the secret recipe willonly be passed on to the daughter-in-law, not to the daughter. After all, mydaughter will be married in the future, and she will become a member of otherpeoples family. When it came to the Ming Dynasty, my sister-in-law was veryunhappy when she saw that her mother only taught her sister-in-law how to makecakes. After all, my sister-in-law has only been married to my family for morethan a year, and I have been in this family for more than ten years, and mymother has never taught me. So I couldnt get along with my sister-in-laweverywhere. One day, when my sister-in-law was making cakes, it began to rain.So the little sister-in-law to the sister-in-law

Said: "sister-in-law, its raining outside, go to collect clothes.". Mysister-in-law ran out as soon as she heard that. When my sister-in-law saw thather sister-in-law was out, she was angry, but secretly grabbed a bar of salt andthrew it into the pan. Coincidentally, the guests who ate Aunt Zhangs cake allsaid that the taste of the cake was very personalized and better than before. Mysister-in-law is very strange. Im still doing the same thing as before. How canit be different. So she ate a piece of it herself, and she felt that the tastewas very personal. At this time, my sister-in-law began to talk. "Sister in law,if you want to understand why the cake tastes so good on this day, and if youwant to make it so good every day in the future, tell me the secret recipe formaking cakes first." sister in law, however, told her the recipe for makingcakes to her sister-in-law. Of course, my sister-in-law is also very honest totell her how to do something bad, but it backfires and its a blessing indisguise. Because the practice at the moment is shared by my sister-in-law, so Inamed this cake "sister-in-law cake". After the visit, you may as well buy somefor free activities. After saying "sister-in-law cake" of course, we have totalk about Wuzhens specialty "three liquor". Three Baijiu is handmadenaturally. Because white rice, white noodles and white water are used as rawmaterials, it is called "three Baijiu". Others are Hangzhou white chrysanthemum,white water fish and braised pork. After dinner, we can order some to taste.

After talking about eating, lets get to the point. Blue calico is one ofthe specialties of Wuzhen, commonly known as "lime calico" and "calico". It is atraditional folk craft in China. It is made of cotton thread, soybean powder andbluegrass juice. It is purely hand-made and environmentally friendly. You canbuy some small things. For example, a lady who loves beauty can buy one or twoblue calico headscarves and small handbags as souvenirs. I recommend you not tobuy clothes, because at the moment, no one is willing to wear these kinds ofclothes. Secondly, blue calico is easy to fade. When its hot, its not good towear this kind of clothes and sweat all over the body like a leopard. ha-ha.Others are handmade cotton shoes and slippers. We buy at our own discretion.

Next, Ill introduce the most important tour to you, so that you can graspthe key points and have a definite aim when you visit. As I said just now,Wuzhen is the hometown of Mao Dun, a great literary scientist, so naturally, MaoDuns former residence must be visited. To visit the water town is nothing morethan to see the architecture and taste the folk customs. And the "street pillowwater, pink wall Daiwa" is the common features of water architecture, since wehave to see its most distinctive things in Wuzhen. The architectural features ofWuzhen are concentrated in the Xiuzhen temple and the ancient stage at the headof the town. So you must not miss the first scenic spot of Xiuzhen temple. Thereis a scenic spot announcer in the temple to explain to you. I will send thetickets to you at the gate when I go in. After visiting the first scenic spot,those who are willing to visit with me will follow me, and those who are notwilling to plan to move freely with me will be able to move freely. Lets goback to the introduction of you. As the saying goes, "ten li is not the samesound, hundred Li is not the same vulgar.". It is estimated that Hangzhou is 200li away from Wuzhen, so the folk customs are even more different. And Wuzhenjust brings us a viewing platform in terms of folk customs. There are Jiangnanwood carving exhibition hall, Hongtai dyeing workshop blue calico exhibitionhall, Jiangnan hundred bed hall, folk custom hall and many other exhibitionhalls in the town. Xiao Yang will show you one by one. OK, Wuzhen will arrivesoon. Please take your luggage and get off with me.

Shiyan is built and prospered by cars. It is not only the hometown ofDongfeng Motor, the automobile city known as "Oriental Detroit", but also amountain city, tourist city and ecological garden city surrounded by beautifulmountains and waters and attractive scenery in four seasons.

Shiyan has a long history and splendid culture. This is an importantbirthplace of the Chinese nation. In 1991, archaeologists excavated two completeskulls of Australopithecus in Quyuan River, Yunxian County, and named them"Yunxian people". Anthropologists believe that this discovery fills a gap in the"chain" of human development in Asia, and is listed as the first of the "top tenarchaeological discoveries in the world" at that time. Todays urban area wasnamed Shiyan in the Qing Dynasty because people dammed the Baier River and theZhihe river for irrigation. This is the birthplace of Taoism and "Wudangboxing". Wudang Taoism has a history of more than one thousand years. Wudangancient buildings have been listed in the world cultural heritage list by theUnited Nations.

Shiyan City, located in the northwest of Hubei Province, governs fivecounties, one city, two districts and one economic and Technological DevelopmentZone, namely Yun County, Yunxi County, Zhushan County, Zhuxi County, FangCounty, Zhangwan District, Maojian District, Danjiangkou City and Bailangeconomic and Technological Development Zone. Shiyan City is not only a car citybuilt, prospered and famous for cars, but also a mountain city and tourist citysurrounded by beautiful mountains and waters and charming scenery in fourseasons. It is the central city of the adjacent areas of Hubei, Henan, Sichuan,Shaanxi and Chongqing.

This is an important birthplace of the Chinese nation. In 1991,archaeologists excavated two complete skulls of Australopithecus in QuyuanRiver, Yunxian County, and named them "Yunxian people". Anthropologists believethat this discovery fills a gap in the "chain" of human development in Asia, andis listed as the first of the "top ten archaeological discoveries in the world"at that time. Shiyan City belongs to Jiao and Yong states in Shang and ZhouDynasties; Chu state in Warring States; Changli County in Hanzhong County in Qinand Han Dynasties; Xi county in Eastern Han and Wei dynasties; Yunxiang Countyin Wudang County in Tang and Song Dynasties; Yun county was established in YuanDynasty. Todays urban area was named Shiyan in the Qing Dynasty because peopledammed the Baier River and the Zhihe river for irrigation. In 1967, in order tobuild the second automobile factory (now Dongfeng Motor Company), the state setup the Shiyan office in Yunxian County. In December 1969, the State Councilapproved the establishment of Shiyan City (county-level city), and in 1973, itwas upgraded to a provincial city. In October 1994, the former Shiyan City andYunyang District merged to form a new Shiyan City. This is the birthplace ofTaoism and "Wudang boxing". Wudang Taoism has a history of more than onethousand years. Wudang ancient buildings have been listed in the world culturalheritage list by the United Nations.

There are abundant mineral resources, including more than 50 kinds ofproven mineral deposits, such as turquoise, gold, silver, stone coal, rareearth, iron, tin, vanadium, antimony, lead, zinc, marble, asbestos, barite,uranium, potassium, molybdenum and cobalt. The theoretical reserves of waterenergy resources are 5 million KW, of which 340 kW can be developed andutilized; Fangxian County is known as the "hometown of Yaner" in China for itsabundant tea and edible fungi and high quality products. There are many kinds ofmedicinal materials, producing more than 2700 kinds of medicinal materials.Among the 363 key varieties determined by the state, there are about 235 kindsof medicinal materials in our city, known as the "natural medicine bank"; Shiyanis a shining pearl on the golden tourism line of Three Gorges - Shennongjia -Wudang Mountain - Xian. There are 25 unique scenic spots in six categories allover the city. There are Wudang Mountain, the holy land of Taoism, Yunxian apeman site and dinosaur egg fossil group, Danjiangkou reservoir, the firstman-made lake in Asia, and the newly developed lake The present skeleton fossilsof ornithopods.

Shiyan is a tourist attraction. It is a bright pearl on the golden tourismline of "Three Gorges of the Yangtze River Shennongjia Gulongzhong WudangMountain Danjiangkou Reservoir ancient city Xian". There are Wudang Mountain, aTaoist Holy Land listed in the world cultural heritage list and awarded thetitle of 4A tourist area, Danjiangkou reservoir, known as Asias firstartificial lake, Yunxian ape man site, dinosaur egg fossil group and dinosauregg fossils Dinosaur skeleton fossil is a rare dinosaur hometown in the world.There are hot springs, waterfalls, Tianchi, canyons, caves, virgin forests andmodern automobile cities. Shiyan, a place with no severe cold in winter, nointense heat in summer, no strong wind in four seasons, beautiful mountains andpleasant scenery, is a treasure land of geomantic omen.

Shiyan is the source of South to north water diversion. Danjiangkoureservoir, located in Shiyan, is the water source area and water intake of theMiddle Route Project of South to north water diversion. The Middle Route Projectof South-to-North Water Diversion directly supplies water to Beijing, Tianjin,Hebei and Henan provinces, with an annual water diversion of 13 billion cubicmeters. The construction of the middle route of the south to North WaterDiversion Project will make Shiyan the "water capital of the world, Tianchi ofAsia" and bring new development opportunities to Shiyan.

Shiyan is an ecological barrier. Because of the intersection of Qinling andBashan mountains in Shiyan, it forms the geographical boundary of the climatebetween the north and the south of China. Therefore, Shiyan is an ecologicalregulator and the ecological heart of China.

Each group members, today we will visit the scenic spots is a tomb. Sun yat-sens mausoleum is located in nanjing, the second peak of small maoshan the foothill, is one of the greatest Chinese democratic revolution pioneer sun yat-sen mausoleum, it is a famous building in nanjing during the period of the republic of China, has now become a card and sign in nanjing, is one of the first 5 a grade scenic spot. First, lets look at the sun yat-sen this person. Sun yat-sen, sun yat-sen, because when engaged in revolutionary activities in Japan has used "zhongshan firewood" alias, so your respectful name he is Mr Zhongshan, domestic and foreign friends often referred to as Dr. Sun yat-sen. Was born in 1866, as a teenager in Honolulu, Hong Kong and other places to study, after graduation to practice medicine in places such as guangzhou, macau, and after a medical in politics; Organization founded the Chinese brothers in Japan in 1905, put forward the "expel the manchus, restore China, the establishment of the republic of China, the average land ownership" of the platform, as well as the three peoples principles ", the peoples livelihood and civil rights for democracy "theory; After the revolution in 1911, was elected the provisional President of the republic of China; The oath of office in 1912 New Years day, after yuan shikai secretly, he has led the "second revolution" movement "protecting" the movement to protect the ", etc.;

On March 12, 1925, died in Beijing because became ill because of overwork. Sun yat-sens mausoleum burial site is sun yat-sen was selected, on April 1, 1912 is the sun for the day after the peaceful reunification of the north and south, resolutely resigned as their President, sun yat-sen and hunting hu and others had to purple mountain area, he looked around the terrain, smiles to the around said: "after I had another died, to national begging for this 柸 soil, to house body". Sun yat-sens mausoleum was designed by young architects Lv Yanzhi, and mountain building, sits, Ming tomb, in the west and the east which the soul valley temple, cemetery global form design is "wake-up call". Sun yat-sens mausoleum since the start in the spring of 1926 in the summer of 1929 to build. Held on June 1, 1929 at 12 noon "manusoleum" sun yat-sens coffin was buried inside the tomb has never been opened. LingQian parts: (2 minutes)

Now we came to the tomb of the half moon square. Octagonal stone table, south of the square there is a statue of baoding copper, 4.25 meters high, abdominal diameter 1.23 meters, weighs 5000 kilograms, is one of the monuments of sun yat-sens mausoleum, the ding is in the autumn of 1933 by guangzhou zhongshan university President and all the teachers and students to donate, tai chi-tao wrote pot belly cast with "wisdom, kernel, brave," three word is the school motto of sun yat-sen university, ding also groove wear mother huang xiao ", the full text, so the xiao ding and ding. Ascend the stairs by square, right against the face of humanity, located in the center of the front, this is a four pillars three eaves of memorial arch, built in 1930, 12 meters high, 17.3 meters wide, with fujian granite archaize generation built wooden arches form, banners overlying blue glazed tile, before and after the column foot drum stone, the bottom of the column for rectangular stone bridge, arch carved lotus petals on clouds and ancient buildings such as coloured drawing or pattern design, because it is in writing banners on a stone, engraved with sun yat-sen calligraphy "fraternity" two gold-plating spiral, so called "love fang". Love a word from the tang han yus "the way" "universal love" benevolence ", it is said that sun yat-sens favourite topic

These two words to send people, that the word has become his life very good summary and reflection. Through the memorial arch, is a 480 meters long and 40 meters wide of the pyramid-shaped mound, left, middle and right three pyramid-shaped mound, intermediate in 12 meters wide, 9 meters wide on both sides of the lawn, which planted with cedar, Sabina chinensis, such as evergreen trees, the two sides of the pyramid-shaped mound each 4.6 meters wide, in what they each have the lawn, which not only planted gingko trees, such as cement benches for YeLing person to rest, also has in the design of both conforms to the spirit of traditional Chinese architecture, but also has a unique style, strict in axisymmetric give a person the sense with testimonies is rigorous, with two symmetrical cedar, Sabina chinensis, ginkgo, red maple trees instead of the ancient imperial tomb common stone golem, suggesting Mr Zhongshan spirit such as cypress trees last forever.

庐山英文导游词

庐山，又名匡山、匡庐，是中华十大名山之一，位于江西省九江市庐山区境内，九江县一东，星子县以西。，相对高度1200～1400米。最高峰为汉阳峰，海拔1474米，东偎婺源鄱阳湖，南靠南昌滕王阁，西邻京九大通脉，北枕滔滔长江。下面是关于庐山的英文导游词范文，欢迎大家阅读!

庐山英文导游词

Friends, to visit with everyone Xiufeng Lushan Mountain, the Scenic Xiufeng shared interest. Is a good time to do yo!

Throughout the ages here enjoy "the beauty of Lushan in Shannan, Shannan of the United States in the Xiufeng" argument. Xiufeng mountain, Xiufeng water, attitude happening, you do not want to be her infection, not as myself! Artful shape of the mountains here are the (Heming peak), crawling like turtle (turtle line peak), tangible, such as incense burners like (Hyangnobong), and days like Tu sword (swords peak), sister-phase Hees (her sister peak), women in the rest of the sleeping mountains ... ... and so on; in the mountain streams flow between these peaks, even Pentium out of the "waterf-alls three thousand feet," the Lushan Waterf-all. Green shows where the mountains, waterf-alls You beauty, lush forest, lake of Health enchanting, natural day become a competing show depicting the beauty of the peaks.

Xiufeng ancient Chinese life is to love the place fondly. Jiang Yan a gifted poet, "from the Tang Jianping Wang Lushan Hyangnobong" of the poem, awoke the world trend cents if the greedy people. World wide love Shen Ding, Huainan good Dan by. This peak is a phoenix crane, between the best fairy.

For a time, and the world of people here feel the love between the fairy world of fun. To the Southern Tang Dynasty, when the Southern Tang Emperor Li Jing in the Lord, doing the emperor had previously come here to buy the house was built in the mountain school. When the emperor after the master, it will be his study came from a place in the Xiufeng, gave the monastery the monks do. And given the temple name "to open the first Temple," which is probably Li Jing that the founding of his career here because of it pre-Xiang Zhao.

Opened the first temple was built in 951 AD after the year, personally selected the master Li Jing Shao Zong master monk at the time to open when the first temple abbot. In the Southern Tang Emperor in direct support of the Lord, open the first Buddhist Temple of Zen Buddhism from China to become a Green Cloud Gate were originally an important temple.

After the Ming and Qing period, the opening of the first Temple in the Lushan growing. Qing Emperor Kangxi, a good thing to open one after another from the first temple, the temples large-scale development of an unprecedented period. Chao Yuan monk from Emperor Kangxi year (AD 1692) to open the first Temple headed after contact with the outside world, increasing exchanges, will also be here to fairy charm to the world with a flood of people. Emperor Kangxi was a great yearning Xiufeng landscapes, were not allowed to visit. Yu Shu had his hand "Prajna Heart Sutra", Jiang Yans poem "From Deng Jianping Wang Lushan Hyangnobong" and given to open the first Temple, the comfort of mood from the Pat-miss.

“更立西江石壁，截断巫山云雨，高峡出平湖，神女应无恙，当惊世界殊。”

要说三峡大坝，不能不先说长江三峡。长江三峡位于长江上游渝鄂川界处，跨重庆市的奉节、巫山和湖北省的巴东、秭归、宜昌五县和宜昌市。西起奉节县白帝城，东至湖北省宜昌市南津关，全长192千米。两岸因燕山运动褶皱隆升的巫山、黄陵庙和八面山山地，由于长江强烈切穿，形成瞿塘峡、巫峡和西陵峡三段大峡及大宁河宽谷、香溪宽谷，总称为长江三峡。

三峡工程在旅游观光中更有其独特的魅力。坛子岭观景台是三峡大坝工程旅游观光的制高点，登上坛子岭，极目远眺，三峡大坝工程的景观可一览无余，尽收眼底。正在建设中的三峡大坝工程的工地上，滚滚的涛声，鼎沸的人声和轰鸣的机器声，声声入耳，汇成了一首热火朝天，汹涌澎湃的劳动交响曲。

三峡大坝建成后，将形成从宜昌到重庆绵延650公里的人工湖，到那时，碧水连天，烟波浩淼，“高峡出平湖”的壮观景象将展现在世人面前。三峡大坝则宛如一条出海的蛟龙腾飞江中，又如一架美丽的彩虹横卧江上。两岸群山叠翠，绿水环绕，小岛星罗棋布，溪流蜿蜒曲折，峡谷纵横交错，秀美的自然风光必将令人们如游画廊，心旷神怡。

Cowherd Ferry

Cowherd Ferry, located on the Chengcha Lake is a stone across the river, which seems like a little bridge, helping people across the river. Because after crossing Chengcha River, one will be able to gaze until of the Weaver Girl Peak, so has its name. Their love story found evidence in Changbai Mountain. Moreover, The lying cow shaped boulder engraved with three characters "Cowherd Ferry". Today, many young people take photo here to show their unwavering love. It has become a love stone.

Everybody is good! Welcome to the Palace Museum tourists sightseeing.Today, I will take you visit the Forbidden City, in the hope that visitors canenjoy me!!!!!!!

The tourists! The Palace Museum is in the Ming and qing dynasties imperialpalace, the Forbidden City built on the basis of a collection of ancientbuildings, collection, imperial palace culture art as one of the large-scalecomprehensive museum. The Forbidden City covers an area of about more than 100square meters, construction area of about 1 square meters. A total of 24emperors lived in the Forbidden City, the first is the Ming dynasty yongleemperor zhu di, the last one is the qing dynasty xuantong emperor, puyi, ruledthe country for 491 years. So the Palace Museum of history is very long!

Visitors, please look up, this is the meridian gate, in ancient times, whatkill people to kill in front of the meridian gate! From the meridian gate, wecan see the jinshui bridge. From the jinshui bridge in the past, a gate, can seethe Palace Museum of taihe palace, zhonghe palace and Baohe Palace, is the placewhere the emperor emperor, very grand. Out of Baohe Palace, a gate of heavenlypurity, came to the palace of heavenly purity, this temple and palace of earthlytranquility, legend built the Forbidden City, is in order to world peace, totake these three places? Kun ning door, is the imperial garden, the gardenscenery beautiful, there are a number of strange stone, come across thesestones, remember pictures to commemorate!

Before the gate is her virginity and creature door, our trip to theForbidden City is over. Look at this magnificent palace, and some loathe to giveup?

亲爱的游客朋友们，大家好，我是你们今天的导游，我姓王，大家可以叫我小王，今天由我带大家游览我国最大的咸水湖——青海湖，一路上希望大家在互相配合，并且玩的 愉快!

地处青海湖的西北部，长约500米，宽约150米，栖息着十万余只各类候鸟，称誉为“鸟的世界，鸟的王国”。青海湖位于西宁市以西100公里，是我国海拔最高、面积最大的内陆咸水湖。

每年四月，来自我国南方和东南亚等地的班头雁、棕头鸥、赤麻鸭、鸬鹚等十多种侯鸟在这里繁衍生息;秋天，它们又携儿带女飞回南方，国家对这类鸟资源十分重视，在岛上设有专门的保护机构。

在鸟岛观光，交通方便，从西宁出发乘汽车沿青海湖南线经湟源县和日月山到黑马河镇往北64公里即抵鸟岛，沿青海湖北线，乘汽车经湟源县、海晏县到刚察县，再往西40公里也可到达鸟岛。

青海湖鸟岛。它不仅以辽阔、明媚、恬静、雄伟、神奇而著称于世，而且以其丰富的水中矿产资源和渔类资源吸引着无数科技工作者和观光浏览的人们。可泛舟湖面观一望无际的湖景，也可漫游草原享受大自然的风光。

青海湖鸟岛，是我国著名的旅游圣地之一，它位于青海省西宁市西部约130公里处，是我国最大、海拔最高的咸水湖，面积约4583平方公里。

乘中巴出西宁西行，越过稀疏的村庄，沿着透迄、清澈东流的小溪，行进在绿色丛林点缀的山谷间的公路上。不久，便看到像巨大的绿绒绒的地毯铺就般的一座座开阔的山漫草坂。驱车爬高到达“日月山”，可见两侧山顶各有一幢亮丽的小亭阁，左为日亭，右为月亭。相传文成公主由此进藏时，由于思念母亲，悲痛地将陪嫁的镜子摔碎，后人为纪念文成公主，故建造此日、月二亭。登上日月山，眺望远处，更为开阔的绿色草坂尽收眼底，仿佛进入了绿色的海洋。

下了日月山，继续西行，偶有一片金黄色的油菜花地或几间藏民彩帐，房屋镶在绿色草坂之间，在山坡、屋前竖起的高杆上，五彩经幡随风飘拂。经幡又叫神幡，藏语曰“塔力俏”，意为“不停地飘动”，这些幡条是用蓝、白、红、黄、绿五种颜色的布条做的(有的幡条上还印有经文或神像)，分别象征天空、祥云、火焰、大地和水。藏民把经幡高悬在显眼要位，任风吹拂，借助大自然的威力保佑人们消灾祈福、吉祥如意。或远或近，可见一群群黑色的牦牛，白色的羊儿，在安然自得地吃着青草。过了黑马河乡右看，紧依绿色草坂可见一线青绿色的湖水和海心山，蓝色的天空飘着千姿百态的云团，大自然把自己分割成美丽的空间，绘成一幅极美的图画。

到了马乃亥乡，右边已是宽阔、平静的青海湖了。这里是鸟岛的入口处——布哈河入湖口。鸟岛有左右两个，鸟自按类别分开，左黑右白，互不混杂。从入口处乘车向前行约3公里下车，进入“青海湖鸟岛”。

大门再步行约200米，登上“鸟岛”观鸟台，只见台下的沙滩上黑头、灰白身子的银鸥铺天盖地，它们或卧或立，或飞或落，令人眼花了乱;喧闹的“哇哇”声贯入满耳。在台近处，成百只大雁卧沙孵卵，它们的“丈夫”们分别呵护着自己的妻儿，守卫着自己的家，一旦发现“入侵者”进犯，立即张开翅膀，高声鸣叫，冲向“敌人”，将其驱走。鸟儿们以沙作窝，抓紧阳光充足，食物丰富的大好时机栖息养生，繁衍后代。在鸟群稀疏的空隙里会看到一枚枚散在的鸟蛋“无人问津”。

空中，不时有列队的大雁或鸿鹅贴着湖面飞过，偶而有天鹅或信天翁自由自在地翱翔。

从“青海湖鸟岛”大门出来乘车向左行约1公里，翻过一座小山，便会看到坐落于湖边的又一个鸟岛，它像一口倒扣于湖中的圆锅，顶部栖满了清一色黑压压的鸬鹚，每个鸬鹚的“家”都安在一个高高的窠里，层层叠叠，把个山顶布得严严实实。它们在这里为生儿育女忙忙碌碌，直到儿女们能展翅高飞时，便神话般地“乔迁新居”了。

在两个鸟岛之间，有一根硕大的银灰色羽毛雕塑矗立在草丛中，在它的旁边安放着一枚硕大的鸟蛋雕塑，象征着飞禽是上帝的宠儿，是人类的朋友。

首先我代表青年旅行社各位的到来。我叫林媛是青旅的一名导游，大家可以叫我小林。

这位是我们的司机王师傅，他驾车经验很丰富，大家可以放心乘坐。我们现在开车前往古文化街，中午12：30用餐，下午游览鼓楼商业街，晚上5点返回酒店。在接下来的游览活动中请大家多多配合我的工作，我也会给您提供最优质的服务，最后在此预祝您旅游愉快顺利。

大家注意一下，我们就快要到古文化街了，我在这先给大家简单地介绍一下。它是一条具有天津地方特色的商业街。在元代随着漕运的发展和天后宫建筑的出现，开始有人在宫的周围定居下来，慢慢就形成了街市。清代时，这里达到了空前的繁荣。古文化街以它独特的四味“中国味，天津味，古味，文化味”吸引着国内外的游客，唤起了天津居民对优秀民间文化传统的钦敬之情。

大家注意一下，现在是9：30，我们12：00准时回到车上，请大家记住，我们所乘的车是韩国大宇车，车牌号为津AT8210而且在车前窗右下方有“天津青旅”字样。好了，请大家带好贵重物品，按顺序下车。

古文化街是以天后宫为中心，分为“宫北大街”和“宫南大街”，我们现在就是在宫南大街的街口。我们一来到这里，大家就看到了这富贵气派的清代大式牌楼。同样在宫北大街的街口也有一座。他们造型精致瑰丽，不仅达到了“先声夺人”的效果，也把古文化街仿古建筑群烘托得典雅秀美，层次分明。

我们抬头看在这块匾额上写着“津门故里”四字。金代时统治北方的金人就是在这里建立了天津最早的建制直沽寨。今日天津市区也是以这为中心，逐渐发展形成的，它对天津的形成起了很重要的作用，称作津门故里是当之无愧的了。

而北面楼匾写的是“沽上艺苑”。古文化街无论建筑风貌，店铺装修，匾额楹联，经营商品都带有浓郁的艺术气息。所以把它称作沽上的一处“艺苑”也是再恰当不过的了。另外当我们进入街上的店铺时会看到店铺门面檐下，枋间有着一幅幅清代的苏式彩画，而且每一幅都有着情节和典故，大家一会儿不妨猜一猜上面画的是什么。好下面就让我们走进这条古老的街道，来领略一下它特有的古建筑和文化特色。请大家跟紧我。

我们现在看到的就是天后宫的山门了。“先有天后宫，后有天津城。”这是天津人对城市发展通俗而生动的说法。天后宫俗称“娘娘宫”，它始建于元代泰定三年(1326年)，明代永乐元年重建，为天津市区现存最古老的建筑。它与福建湄州妈祖庙，中国台湾北港朝天宫并称为世界三大天后宫。天后宫供奉的是宋代福建莆田县贤良港出生的林默。传说她自幼聪慧，15岁便精通医理为人治病，还常常渡海救助遇险的渔民;她还能观察风云变化，预测天气，被人们尊称为神女，后来加封为天妃，天后,成为人们信仰的海神。

不知大家有没有发现这个问题。在我国，寺庙一般都坐北朝南。然而，天津天后宫却是个例外：坐西朝东。这是因为当时有些船只没有时间或其他原因无法靠岸，如果天后宫就坐西朝东，面向海河，船民，商贾就可以在船上朝拜天后，祈求平安了。现在就让我们到里面去参观一下天后宫。大家跟我走。

我们从山门一进来首先看到的就是这两侧的钟鼓楼。这个是钟楼它和对面的鼓楼最初都建于元代，但后来多次被重修，可谓是历尽沧桑。我们看这个钟上铸有66只象征吉祥的仙鹤，大家可以敲一敲。敲它一声百顺，二声如意，三声安康。

我们现在所在的呢是前殿，中间这一位就是道教护法神中地位最高的王灵官，百姓称赞他说“三眼能观天下事，一鞭惊醒世间人”。他两侧的这四位就是天后娘娘的四位侍从，他们千里眼，顺风耳，加善和加恶。

从前殿出来，我们现在就来到了正殿。它是由三座建筑勾连搭建组成的，前面的一座为卷棚悬山顶，面阔三间，进深一间;中间的为七檩单檐庑殿顶，面阔，进深均为三间;后面接着一个凤尾殿，也是卷棚悬山顶，面阔进深均为一间。拒考证正殿不仅是天津市区最古老的建筑，它也是我国现存年代较早的天后宫建筑之一。大家看到这正中的就是天后娘娘了，她的前后左右分别是她的四位侍女，平时这里总是香火不断，很多人来朝拜天后祈求平安。

下面我们在到正殿两旁的南北配殿看一看。

这里就是南配殿。它供奉的是天津的民间神。这位是王三奶奶，据说她是个走乡串村，给人看病的巫婆，素以慈善为本，相传摸一摸王三奶奶的手可以治百病。

从天后宫里走出来，这里就宫前广场了。前面的是过去酬神演出的戏楼。在现在的宫前广场上还有象杨柳青年画，泥人张等的专卖店，那么在剩下的时间里，大家可以自由的游览，购物，一定注意安全。最后再嘱咐一句，12点之前回到车上，还是在南街的街口。好，现在大家就可以解散了。

各位朋友，这次的旅游活动就要结束了，我也要和大家说再见了。非常感谢大家对我工作的支持，对我工作中不尽如人意的地方由衷的说一声对不起，也希望您提出宝贵的意见，最后，我祝大家在今后的生活中身体健康，万事盛意。

Suzhou city in 514 BC, the prince he lu fu father life defecting will set up he lu wu chu city, has a history of more than 2500 years ago.

During the spring and autumn period, here is the capital of the kingdom of wu, still retains many sites about xi shi, wu zixu, etc. Sui huang nine years (AD 589) said in the beginning of suzhou, in use today.

City of suzhou city building early, large scale, surface parallel and adjacent river street, the ancient city is located on the site, still rarely seen at home and abroad.

Suzhou gardens of guilin, has been listed in the world cultural heritage list, in Chinas four big gardens, suzhou has a humble administrators garden, lingering garden two seats.

The first places of human ". Hu qiu profound cultural accumulation, making it a tourist will visit to suzhou; The tang dynasty poets poem "the present paper arrives at an inter pretation" poetry, the ancient and modern tourists to visit maple bridge, hearing hanshan temple bells.

Gusu outside the beautiful natural scenery, resentments, balance, tianchi and the mountains in dongting, ornament in taihu lake, formed the rich jiangnan amorous feelings of lakes and mountains.

Suzhou has both the beauty of the landscape and scenery of wins, natural and human landscape in photograph reflect, together with letters fude sings, made suzhou a veritable "paradise on earth".

"I believe in fourth grade childrens shoes should have learned the lesson" into the lijiang "! Theres a phrase in the text said: lijiang, is a magic and beautiful land. Its magnificent mountains and rivers, the ancient town, is famous for its simple morals. And today I will walk into this magical and beautiful ancient city of lijiang.

But when I go to lijiang, lijiang but I think so, yes, the commercialization of lijiang has lost the original simple appearance, but in the beam river town I found: every streams around the door, household weeping willows "jiangnan the taste of the old town. Listen to mom and dad: lijiang naxi people living, and the beam river town is located in the north of lijiang, is the earliest settlements, naxi ancestors. I also listen to them in the beam river town scenery and eight, respectively is: the night market firefly, dragon full moon, snow-capped mountains reflected, broken stone on the sound, sex, xishan red leaves, relatives encrinite night and tsing lung bridge. When I saw the beautiful simple beam river town, I show mom dad excitedly: "mom, look! This is what I imagine the appearance of the ancient town of oh! Water flows in front of the door, and set up the Bridges on the water! Here is really great! I cant help out a Du Xunhe about suzhou amorous feelings of the "small bridge, flowing water, somebody elses" poem: "jun to see gusu, the somebody else all pillow river. The ancient palace gets less, besides small rest more. The night market to buy ling lotus root, spring ship yee. Away the moon night, acacia in fishermans song......"

Lijiang ancient city is Chinas famous historical and cultural city and the world cultural heritage, and mus residence is the "grand view garden" of lijiang ancient city culture, not only is the birthplace of naxi ethnic leaders woods tusi! And woods also is known as a knowledge and literature gifts keep instrument.

46 mu mus residence covers an area of great, have so big! Wooden arch on the book "rain lasts four words," is the partial tone of naxi language "study", reflect the heart sense of the naxi ethnic promoting knowledge and wisdom. Everyone is impression of wangfu sits, only mus residence is sitting west toward the east. Ancient city of lijiang around mus residence to expansion, without walls, according to the guide, because LiJiangCheng original owner surnamed wood.

Mus residence is a magnificent architectural art of garden, it fully reflects the central plains in Ming dynasty architectural style, embodies the spirit of naxi nationality recruitment of multicultural open.

Turn for a day, everyone is tired and hungry, so we found a restaurant nearby and went in! I saw in the restaurant worthy of the name useless (which is inside a wooden bucket has a lot of rice!) Ate the naxi grilled fish and MAO blood flourishing......"

Look at this is blood flourishing, MAO useless and naxi grilled fish that looks great!

Ladies and Gentlemen:

Welcome to the temple of Heaven. (After self-introduction) preserved cultural heritages of China. There are basically two kinds of visitors who come here: local pensioners who do exercises here in the morning and evening and sightseers both from home and abroad. All in all ,there are 12 million visitors very year. Now we are going to go along the route that leads to the alter. It will take roughly one hour. Mind you ,the emperor also walked along this route to pay tribute to the God of Heaven.

(Along the Southern Sacred Road leading to the Circular Mound Altar)

The largest group of architectures ever to be dedicated to Heaven ,the Temple of Heaven served as an exclusive altar for Chinese monarchs during the Ming and Qing dynasties. It was decreed that rulers of successive dynasties would place altars in their own capitals to worship Heaven and pray for good harvest. But why ?

The ancient Chinese believed that Heaven was the supreme ruler of the universe and the fate of mankind ,and thus worshiping rites dedicated to Heaven came into being.

The Heaven the ancient Chinese referred to was actually the Universe, or nature. In those days, there were specfic rites of worship. This was especially true during the Ming and Qing dynasties when elaborate ceremonies were held.

The Temple of Heaven was built in 1420 during the reign of Emperor Youngle of the Ming Dynasty. Situated in the southern part of the city ,this grand set of structures covers an area of 273 hectares. To better symbolize heaven and earth ,the northern part of the Temple is circular while the southern part is square .The whole compound is enclosed by two walls, a square wall outside a round one. The outer area is characterized by suburban scenery, while the inner part is used for sacrifices. The inner enclosure consists of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest and the Circular Mound Altar.

(Along the Imperial Passage leading from the Southern Lattice Star Gate in front of the Circular Mound Altar)

the Circular Mound Altar is enclosed by two walls ,each containing four groups of Souther

n Lattice Star Gate, each in turn consisting of three doors, with 24 marble doors altogether. Standing on the passage facing north, you will notice that with each pair of doors on is narrower than the other. This reflects the feudal hierarchy: the wider door was reserved for monarchs, while the narrower one was used by courtiers.

On the day of the ceremony ,the emperor would don his ritual costume and be ushered in by the official in charge of religious affairs. He ascended the three terraces in the forefront to pay tribute at the alter.

(Atop the Circular Mound Alter)

we are now on the top terrace of the Altar, or the third terrace .Each terrace has a flight of 9 steps. At the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 steps. At the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 concentric rings of stone. The number of stones in the first ring is 9, in the second ,18, up to 81 in the 9th ring. Even the number of carved balustrades on these terraces is a multiplee of 9. But why?

According to an cient Chinese philosophy, yin and yang were two opposing factors. Heaven and the odd numbers belonged to yang while the Earth and even numbers belonged to yin. Nine was the largest heavenly number accessible to man . What is more, the ancient people also believed that heaven consisted of nine layers and that the emperor` s abode was on the uppermost tier.