写北京故宫的导游词（热门20篇）

团友们：大家好!

今天我们将要游览的大小洞天风景区，大小洞天风景区亦可称之为海山奇观游览区。该区坐落在海南南山文化旅游区的西南临海处，是南山开发最早的旅游胜地。大小洞天风景区自古以山海、天水、烟霞、风月四绝风光著称于世。

大小洞天风景区的主要景观有：洞天八景(石船、钓台、岩瞻、灵应泉、试剑峰、大洞天、小洞天和仙梯)、“寿”字石刻、鉴真师徒群雕等。

【南海龙王别院】

大小洞天内鳌山腹地，正对南海处建有南海龙王别院，院内供奉1.9米的南海龙王原身像，龙王身穿龙鳞金甲，肩披龙纹披风，手扶镇海宝剑，足践双蛇，迎风伟坐于海心浪涛之颠，给祖国带来安定，给人民带来吉祥。旅游区于每年的龙历二月初二举行盛大的民俗活动---龙抬头节，以道家习俗祭祀龙王，祭祀南海。

【小洞天】

团友们，公元1187年，在南山西南面的海岸边，崖州郡守周康阝寻访道家文化发现大小洞天。一块巨石外形如鳌似蚌、雄飞雌伏的样子，岩石的南面岩壁上题刻着“小洞天”三个醒目的大字。这块外形如鳌如蚌的巨石下面有一个“石屋”，“石屋”如同蜗牛气旋状，洞穴盘旋曲卷，人口大而朝西，出口小而向上;游人要想进入这个“蜗牛石屋”探奇就得逐个轮流，因为只有一个洞口出入。沿着盘旋曲卷的洞穴爬行，洞口越来越小，盘旋爬行了好一阵子之后，抬头向上通过小岩洞口可见到天空，虽说“别有洞天”，但还是有点“坐井观天”的感觉。

【海山奇观】

“小洞天”岩石附近不远的岩壁上有许多题刻，其中就有大家最熟悉的“海山奇观”。“海山奇观”字体大小有一尺五寸见方，是由南宋(1247年)吉阳军郡守毛奎所题。《大小洞天记》一文380多个字的石刻也出自毛奎之手：“吉阳形势，甲乎海外。南山盘踞，气象雄伟……”

【仙梯】

“海山奇观”旁边有石阶上下通天达海，在“大洞天”的石壁上，毛奎题刻“仙梯”二字，字体大小一尺见方。石阶两旁有灌木丛林，其中仙人掌最多。

【福寿南山】

南山是座吉祥的山，在老百姓的心目中南山与长寿密切相关，是真正意义上的寿山。南山大小洞天一带集中分布有能成活数千年的长寿树--被美喻为”南山不老松”的龙血树。龙血树属龙舌兰科常绿植物，

导游词

白垩纪恐龙时代就已出现，被称为植物中的活化石，世界科教文组织列为保护树种。中国亦定其为珍稀濒危植物，属国家二级重点保护树种，主要分布于热带、亚热带地区。目前，此树种已濒临灭迹，但在三亚南山一带却生长着三万株之多，主要集中于南山大小洞天旅游区，树龄逾千年的有两千多株，最长的有六千年以上。

【石船】

“石船”形象逼真，吸引许多文人学士前来寻访。据考证，南宋(1187年)吉阳军知军周开辟“石船”景观，并在石船北面的一块巨石上留下《石船记》石刻。

另有清康熙年间任崖州学正(清代州学官)的广东省东莞县学人尹之逵在《石船》中写道：“何人陆地似乘流?迫近南山山岭头。岂是补天遗五色?代将刳木作扁舟……”作者看到“石船”虽在陆地却好像乘风破浪的情联想到女娲补天遗下的五色石……

【钓台】

“小洞天”南边有“钓台”景观，“钓台”附近的一块石壁上有郭沫若《游崖县鳌山》诗文石刻，这是1962年郭沫若先生考察海山奇观风景区之作。

【南来传法】

团友们，唐代是我国佛教发展鼎盛时期，日本为了加强对佛教寺院和剃度僧尼的管理，取法中国，建立施戒制度。为促进中日佛教文化交流，扬州大明寺主持，著名的律学大师鉴真和尚应日僧荣睿、普照的恳切礼请，接受日本圣武天皇约请，从唐天宝元年(741年)至天宝十二年(753年)历经了长达20xx年之久的6次东渡日本。由于种种原因，前五次东渡都没有成功。其中第五次于天宝七年(748年)61岁的鉴真大师，率领30多人，海上遇急风大浪，船只随风逐浪漂泊了14天，据推测应该于十一月初，在海南岛振州(今三亚市境内)登陆。

在振州一年多的时间里，鉴真师徒应请修缮了一座具有300多年历史的龙泉寺亦称大云寺。为寺重新开光，传法布道，巡游名胜，与南山有机缘。

经历了无数磨难之后，65岁的鉴真带领中日两国众弟子24人于唐天宝十二年(日本天平胜宝五年即753年)十二月顺利到达日本，第六次东渡终于成功。

1995年，在海山奇观游览区内，落成一座大型花岗岩石群体雕塑即鉴真和尚及弟子群雕，这座题为“登岸”的群雕由五位人物组合而成，师徒不屈不挠，不惜生命，为佛事尽力的精神，令人肃然起敬。

谢谢各位!

各位团友：

欢迎来到香港游玩，我是导游，我们今天要去的是大屿山。

大屿山是香港最大的岛屿，面积相当于两个香港岛。从东涌乘坐巴士前往昂坪，沿途树木葱茏，山岭起伏，其间的凤凰山和大东山保持着原始的自然风貌。向南的海岸拥有许多岬角和海湾，大屿山海岸线漫长曲折，港湾与沙滩、高山与流水、自然景观和历史古迹交相辉映。游遍全岛，恍如完成交错时光的穿梭之旅。

游大屿山西南部，可说是一步一古迹。从石壁水坝出发，沿引水道向西南走个多小时，便到达狗岭涌。此地方除被不少郊游人士列为最佳露营地点外，竖立舻摹赣炷鲜碑」，更见证了一百年前英国迫中国签下不平等条约、强租借新界的事件。站在这租借分界线，背后无尽的南中国海、索罟群岛、桂山岛、万山群岛全近在咫尺，游人在这里可尽享无限好风光。

再往西走便是香港境内的极西——分流。据悉，这里是西面珠江三角洲的黄泥水和东面南中国海清澈咸水的交汇，清水与浊水的分隔，故名分流。弯月形的分流东湾边缘有座雍正时期的炮台，当年曾负起镇守大屿山至珠江一带水域的重任。此外，附近的分流村、分流大学和天后庙，尽管皆空置破落，却又古意盎然，值得参观。

位于昂平大路的“竹园精舍”不可不去，里面有一幅中堂莲花图。这一朵莲花并非平常画家所画，而是出自慈禧太后御笔，画上印有慈大后玉玺，是镇山之宝。相传早年香港沦陷时期，日军经过竹园精舍时，连走路都不敢用力，只静悄悄地走过，更加不敢进入骚扰，慈禧太后御笔莲花图由此得以保存。在此参观，虽则没有宝莲寺的香火鼎盛，却更添禅院的幽雅脱俗。从东涌经沙螺湾、深屈，到大澳宝珠潭，有一段全长约8公里的古道。古道沿海而修，历来是远足者最喜欢的路段。沿途还有一些客家排屋，这在大屿山是很少见到的。

大澳渔村水乡风情极为浓郁，是大屿山最有生活气息的游览胜地。这里的河道，呈“入”字形伸展。那一撇的末端，就是大澳村的入海口，海就是着名的伶仃洋。傍晚时分，站在渡口的桥上看“伶仃落日”，景色壮美中另有一番沧桑。渡口租一艘游艇，进入水乡河道，一路前行，大澳水乡最有特色的吊脚楼让人目不暇接……

位于大屿山昂坪高原上的宝莲寺是香港规模最大的佛门胜地之一。宝莲寺创建于1920xx年，虽仅70余年，但因建筑规模之大，地形环境之优美，有“南天佛国”之称，为香港四大禅林之首。禅寺牌坊正对的木鱼峰，有一座新建的世界最大的铜佛像———“天坛大佛”。大佛底座有三层，内一口大钟，每隔七分钟敲打一次，供人“解除108种烦恼”。它和宝莲寺共同组成了闻名遐迩的佛教旅游大区。

凤凰山是大屿山的最高山峰高达九百三十四米，是本港远足人士的旅游胜地，旅游人士每多摸黑登山，观看日出。

冰灯，不过是当地贫穷人家过年过节时张挂的一种简陋装饰，其后才逐渐发展成为造型复杂、多姿多采的冰制艺术品。

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秋茂园的导游词

秋茂园位于苗栗县通霄镇北方5公里的新埔村内，是由旅日侨胞黄秋茂博士独资兴建，园内花木扶疏，为通霄着名的风景名胜之一，亦是全台少数不收门票的私人花园风景区，因此十分值得嘉许！

秋茂园占地约4公顷，园中造景以人工为主，设有多座凉亭、座椅及动物、人物塑像，色彩艳丽，俚俗味十足。

园内的各项雕像皆以“友爱、和平”为出发点－您可在此看见东方的宗教庙宇与西方的教堂等，园主并题了一首“友爱诗”，提倡人与人的和平相处之可贵！

建筑在斜坡上的“神灵馆”，利用眼睛的错觉，制造了“水往高处流”、“球往高处滚”的现象，走在里面会让人不自觉头昏眩，十分有趣。秋茂园的后门外是海堤，可在此眺望中国台湾海峡波涛，颇为心旷神怡。

另秋茂园特别请各位游客维护园内各项设施，务请大家合作配合。

各位领导，现在我们来到的就是乌镇的中心广场：修真观广场，它是旧时乌镇的文化娱乐中心，人们迎庙会，看神戏的最好场所。这个戏台就是修真观的附属建筑，最早建于清乾隆十四年(1749年)后遭到毁损，但这戏台自1919年修缮以后就一直保存到今天，所以这里的人都称其为古戏台。戏台占地204平方米，分两层，上层的前部即为戏台。

现在，戏台前锣鼓声不断，每天上午、下午逢整点都有演出，唱的是当地的地方戏曲：桐乡花鼓戏，都是用地方方言演唱的。接下来我们回头看一下修真观吧。修真观最早建于北宋咸平元年(998年)，道士张洞明在此结庐修真得道，所以取名修真观。是江南的三大道观之一，与苏州玄庙观和濮院翔云观并称。据有关资料记载，初建时的修真观有三大殿，后屡毁屡建，至乾隆十四年增设山门和戏台后，修真观的格局就基本定型了。现在的修真观，前为山门，中为东岳大殿，后为玉皇阁。

在这我想大家一定在奇怪为什么门口挂着一个大算盘吧?您看这付对联，上联是："人有千算"，下联是："天则一算"，告诉了人们"人算不如天算"的意思，所以呢?这大算盘就代表了老天爷的算盘。现在请随我进内参观。进入山门您就看到了两位熟悉的神仙，左为青龙君，右为白虎君，他俩就相当于门神，日夜守卫着修真观。

进入修真观您可能发现了一个问题，这也是修真观的一大特点，它是佛道合一的。那么为什么会这样呢?从理论上说佛、道虽各有教义和宗旨，其行为方式也各不相同，但在几千年的发展过程中，时有融合、渗透，两者都是劝人为善的，所以老百姓看来这是一而二，二而一的事情，把它们混同起来，也是很自然的。

过了山门的两边配殿中，右边是十殿阎王和文武判官的塑绘，正中间一位就是地藏菩萨。每年的七月三十是地藏菩萨的诞辰，所以那天晚上乌镇这一带就有插地藏香的习俗。左边为道教中的三清尊神，太上老君、元始天尊、太上道君，他们三位在道教中的地位是最高的。

第二进正殿是东岳殿。正中供奉的为东岳大帝，相传东岳大帝是主管人间生死的，人们非常敬畏他，所以地方上都有东岳庙，每年农历三月二十八日为其诞辰日，会举行隆重的祭奠和庙会。两旁依次是高2米的十二生肖元神像。

现在，在左右配殿内供奉的是城隍菩萨和瘟都元帅，每年的五月十五、七月十五乌镇都有迎瘟元帅、城隍菩萨的活动。

第三进玉皇阁分两层。下层供有观音，其左右两边站立的是她的弟子善财童子和小龙女。上层供有玉皇大帝塑像，玉皇大帝是仙界中至高无上的主管，所以地位也最高。两边有程长庚研究室创作的壁画。这两幅壁画均高3米，长8米，分别是太乙诸神上朝图和西王母出游图。

看完修真观，接下去前往的是夏同善的翰林第。

夏同善翰林第和皮影戏

我们乌镇曾有两处翰林第，一为北栅的严辰，一为中市的夏同善。夏同善翰林第原是一般的民居，我们当地称之为肖家厅。肖家厅大门里的门槛很高，中间一节可卸下来，称为"德槛"。跨过石板天井便是肖家的正厅，在正厅匾额两旁供奉着的大红镂漆木盒是盛放圣旨皇榜的。

那么既然是肖家厅又怎么会变成夏同善的翰林第呢?原来肖家厅是夏同善继母的娘家，夏同善的生母在他五岁时就已过世了，他的父亲续娶了乌镇肖家的小姐肖氏，夏同善侍之如生母，在他十五、十六岁时，因家道中落，其父欲弃儒经商，夏同善随继母常住于肖家，他舅舅肖仪斌藏书颇丰，夏同善又酷爱读书，每日手不释卷而懒于酒酱铺的事务。肖老太公非旦不责怪，反而认为孺子可教，把他送入塾馆请老师教授。由此夏同善学问大进，科举连连告捷，在二十五岁时考取进士，次年被钦点为翰林，夏同善为报答肖家对他的养育之恩，就把翰林第的匾额挂于肖家厅。

在一八七六年时，夏同善会同二十七名官员为杨乃武与小白菜翻案，得到当地百姓的称颂，乌镇的乡绅非常敬重他，出资在肖家厅隔壁造了一间翰林第。现在我们就穿过这个假山到隔壁看一下。这个小小的庭院就是肖家花园了，假山、小池、竹子、芭蕉，显得小巧而雅致，花园北边的是"轿厅"，又称"接官厅"，里边停放的是两顶轿子，一顶为冬轿，一顶为夏轿。在看南边，这就是翰林第的正厅了，里面的一切摆设都是按当年的情形布置的，正厅的墙上高挂着"翰林第"的匾额。这幅题有"高风亮节"的竹子图则象征了夏公的为官清廉和为人正直。走过正厅后面的天井就是楼厅，楼下安放着夏同善的塑像，当时夏同善与翁同和同为光绪皇帝侍读，官拜兵部右侍郎。

在这个翰林第中还有一间小白菜曾住过的房子，被称之为"白菜楼"。那么小白菜怎么会住在这里呢?据说，当年"杨葛"冤案昭雪以后，裕亲王十分好奇，究竟是一个怎样的女子竟使我朝大小官员近百名被革去顶戴花翎?于是他命刑部带那小白菜来面察，那小白菜虽然面色憔悴不堪，但仍掩不住她的天生丽质，裕亲王顿起同情之心，便问她有什么要求，小白菜见裕亲王问就说了：她曾在狱中许下一个愿，谁帮她洗清冤情，就服侍谁一辈子。裕亲王一听就为难了，因为慈禧已经下了谕旨要小白菜到庵堂了却余生，可自己刚才话已出口又很难收回，这可怎么办才好呢?思虑片刻之后，倒也想了个两全其美的主意，他让小白菜到乌镇去伺候夏同善的母亲夏老夫人三个月的时间，三个月后再进庵堂，以还其心愿。但这段时间必须是不见天日的，悄悄地去悄悄地回。据说这里的后门与长廊就是为了使小白菜"不见天日"而修筑的。

接下来我们要去看的是一种快失传的民间艺术："皮影戏"，也就是古代的动画片了!

汇源典当行

看过了精彩的皮影戏，下面将要前往的是一家老字号的典当行"汇源当铺"。

汇源当是乌镇首富徐东号的第九代徐涣藻所设，它创建于清朝光绪年间(1875—1908年)，旧时乌镇是一个两省三府七县交接之地，经济繁荣，故而典当行也特别多，最多时达十三家，后经时代的变迁，典当行也曾消失了几十年。现因旅游的开发，使这家古老的典当行又恢复了往年的面貌。现在就让我们进去看一下吧。首先映入眼帘的便是高墙上特别醒目的`"当"字，这墙称之为照墙，它有两种含义，其一它是一个玄关;其二是因为进入当铺是一件很没有面子的事情，害怕被街上认识的人看到，所以设墙挡之，起到了"遮羞"的作用。由此可见当年的商家已经考虑到了顾客的心理。

当铺的柜台特别高，有1。8米，在古代的时候有些当铺的柜台比这还要高，可达2。0米呢。那么您可能会奇怪为什么建这么高?其实呢这是为了使当铺的朝奉先生居高临下，让他气势凛人面对顾客，可以更好地压底价格，而且起到了保护的作用，避免打架斗殴。这边请，我们去里面看一下。

一进门，我们便看见在西墙边有一张特别的床，这便是卷当床，它是用来整理一些典当衣服和物品的。在卷当床的两边我们看到了两股麻绳，这麻绳便是用以包扎典当物品的。

在这边有一块特别的木牌，被称之为望牌，其实就相当于我们现在的日历表。望牌一、三两行采用了《千字文》中的十八个字，这些字是可以移动的，为什么采用十八个字呢?那是因为旧时典当物品最长的时间就是十八个月，每个字代表一个月，物品存放了一个月后对应的字移过一格，移到十八格后，此物未能赎回，店主即可自行处理。

中间这"天然几"上供奉了三位财神。这三位当中，脸颊特别红的呢，故名思意就是关公，旁边这位是赵公明元帅，他们两位是武财神，后边这一位看他的着装打扮便知他是一位文财神——增福。

这边的这张桌子，我们称之为"管钱桌"，里面存放一些钱币，用于支付典当物品，旧时这位子的工作人员就相当于现在的出纳。坐的这个就称为钱榻，它即可以坐人而且还可以存放零钱。那么在这边的便是一个小小的帐桌，它主要做一些典当业中所独有的一些帐簿。旧时徽字先生那龙飞凤舞的也是在这边开的。

再往里走就是一间首饰房了。靠墙这些有抽屉的木柜在旧时是用来存放一些金银细软的。在我们左手边的这张桌子为真正的帐桌，做类似于流水帐一类的帐目。

在这旁边的楼梯下，是一个很深很暗的暗房，起避难应急之用，因而它靠首饰房特别近，以便于贵重物品的转移。

沿着楼梯上楼时，迎面看到了两个只有在典当铺中才能见到的神位。左边的是火神，旧时主人为防火灾而供奉祈求平安。另外一位便是号神，"号"与"耗"谐音，顾名思义是为了防老鼠的。旧时的当铺还是不能养猫的噢!

葡京娱乐场是澳门最具规模的博彩娱乐场，位于苏亚利斯博士大马路，由澳门旅游娱乐有限公司专营，场内设有多种博彩方式，不设入场券，可自由进出，但18岁以下未成年人及21岁以下本地人不准进入。

澳门把赌博称为幸运博彩，把赌场称为“娱乐场”，娱乐场一般附设于大酒店。澳门的赌场设备豪华，保安严密。

澳门葡京娱乐场设在澳门葡京大酒店内，正门向着嘉乐庇总督大桥(旧称澳凼大桥)，内设四间娱乐场及一间角子机娱乐场。澳门葡京娱乐场所处的区域附近也开设不少娱乐场或角子机娱乐场，如酒店正门与永利澳门相对，旁边则与金碧娱乐场、新葡京娱乐场相邻，并设有天桥及行人隧道连接葡京酒店与金碧娱乐场所在新建业商业中心、新葡京酒店两所娱乐设施。

关于英文的导游词

今天就给大家分享两篇国内关于英文的导游词给大家欣赏，希望你们喜欢哦。谢谢欣赏。

湖北三峡英文导游词

Good morning, ladies and Gentlemen, Welcome to China! Welcome to Hubei Province!

Today I am very pleased to show you Three Gorges of Yangtze River.

At first I’ll have a brief introduction of Yangtze River, the Yangtze River, the biggest river in China, the third longest in the World, starts with the Tuotuo River at the Roof of the World -Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, takes in countless rivers, and flows eastward across the interior of China. With an overall length of more than 6,300 kilometers, the Yangtze River, next only to the Amazon and the Nile, is the third biggest river in the world and is a cradle that breeds the ancient civilization of the Chinese nation.

When the Yangtze River reaches the eastern Sichuan Basin in southwest China, it cuts through the Wushan Mountain. Here the river course suddenly narrows and the waters become turbulent. Sheer cliffs and steep mountains rise on either side, creating one of natures most fantastic sights. The Three Gorges---Qutang, wuxia and xiling----start just after Fengjie and end near Yichang, stretch about 200 kilometers. The Gorges vary from 300metres at their widest to less than 100 meters at their narrowest.

Qutang Gorge is the smallest and shortest Gorge, but grandest of the three. The Yangtze River, mighty and rapid here is suddenly contained like a thousand seas poured into one cup, as the Song Dynasty poet SU Tungpo described the spectacle. High on the both bank, at a place called Bellows Gorge, are a series of crevices. This area is said to have been the home of an ancient tribe whose custom was to place the coffins of their crevices, some containing bronze swords, armour and other artifacts, but the coffins are believed to date back as far as the Warring States Period (475bc----221BC)

Wu Gorge extends 40 kilometers along which the river snakes between based strange-shaped mountain peaks, each of which has a reputation based on a beautiful legend. The story of the 12 Peaks of Wushan goes like this: 12 nymphs once descended to enjoy themselves in the secular world. Finding how perilous Wushan Gorge was, they decided to stay there to protect ships. As time went by, they transformed themselves into 12 peaks. The Goddess Peak, the most graceful of the 12, is said to have been yaoji, the youngest daughter of the Queen mother of the Western Heaven .Goddess Peak stands out from the other peaks on the northern bank to be the first to greet the morning sun and the last to bid it farewell, hence its another name, Viewing the glow Peak. Seen at a distance, it resembles the silhouette of a beautiful young lady.

Down stream from the zigzagging Wuxia Gorge is Xiling Gorge which stretches 78 kilometers eastward and the cliffs on either side rise to just over 900 meters. Xiling Gorge is awesome with its dangerous rapids, shoals, reefs, sharp turns, billowy whirlpools. The water at one point is so turbulent that it seems to be boiling during the flood season. Xiling Gorge in the east consists of several small gorges. On the top of another is a rock that looks like a sword. On the crag of the north bank are two pieces of brown rock, which are named Bulls Liver and Horse Lung, whose shape they take. Next does the Lantern Shadow Gorge, which has four rocks, resemble Monk Xuan Zang and his three disciples---Monkey, Piggy and Sandy in the classic Chinese adventures of the four on their way to India to obtain Buddhist scriptures.

Around the last bend of Xiling Gorge stretches a vast plain. The river suddenly becomes wide here. Travelers on the Yangtze cruise may also visit many sites of historical and scenic interest along the river banks including the ruined of baidi Town and Precious Stone Village.

Everyone knows that the Yangtze Gorges are changing since the well-known Three Gorges Dam Project is being built at Sabdouping, Yichang, Hubei Province. The dam is 181 meters in height. Its construction investment comes up to 203.9 billion rmb, equals to 24.65 billion U.S. dollars. The installed power generation capacity is expected to be 18.2 million kilo watts. With the dam built, the flood in the Yangtze River valley will be controlled, navigation improved besides the economic benefits. Tourism will be little affected. Many cultural and historical relics are now being removed to a higher ground before the rise of the water level approaches.

Ladies and Gentlemen, the time has gone very quickly and your trip is drawing to a close. It’s a pity that you cannot stay here any longer. Please allow me, then, take this opportunity to thank you for your cooperation and understanding, and if you come back in the future, I hope to see you again and be your guide again.

北京故宫英文导游词

(In front of the meridian gate)

Ladies and Gentlemen:

I am pleased to serve as your guide today.

This is the palace museum; also know as the Purple Forbidden City. It is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in China today. Under Ming Emperor Yongle, construction began in 1406. It took 14years to build the Forbidden City. The first ruler who actually lived here was Ming Emperor Zhudi. For five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when Qing Emperor Puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .In 1987, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization recognized the Forbidden City was a world cultural legacy.

It is believed that the Palace Museum, or Zi Jin Cheng (Purple Forbidden City), got its name from astronomy folklore, The ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the Ziwei Yuan(North Star). The constellation containing the North Star was called the Constellation of Heavenly God and star itself was called the purple palace. Because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. In folklore, the term ”an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, LaoZi, to the Hanghu Pass. Here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. The word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.

The red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. Red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. Yellow is the color of the earth on the Loess Plateau, the original home of the Chinese people. Yellow became an imperial color during the Tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.

The Forbidden City is rectangular in shape. It is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west. It has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters .A 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex. Octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall. There are four entrances into the city: the Meridian Gate to the south, the Shenwu Gate(Gate of Military Prowess) to the north, and the Xihua Gate(Gate of military Prowess) to the north, and the Xihua Gate(Western Flowery Gate )to the west ,the Donghua (Eastern Flowery Gate) to the east.

Manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the Forbidden City. A total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed. Marble was quarried from fangshan Country Mount Pan in Jixian County in Hebei Province. Granite was quarried in Quyang County in Hebei Province. Paving blocks were fired in kilns in Suzhou in southern China. Bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in Shandong Province .Timber was cut ,processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions.

The structure in front of us is the Meridian Gate. It is the main entrance to the forbidden City. It is also knows as Wufenglou(Five-Phoenix Tower). Ming emperors held lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of the Chinese lunar year in hornor of their counties .They also used this place for punishing officals by flogging them with sticks.

Qing emperors used this building to announce the beginning of the new year. Qing Emperor Qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremony from ban li(announcement of calendar)to ban shou(announcement of new moon )to avoid coincidental association with another Emperor` s name, Hongli, which was considered a taboo at that time. Qing Dynasty emperors also used this place to hold audience and for other important ceremonies. For example,when the imperial army returned victoriously from the battlefield ,it was here that the Emperor presided over the ceremony to accept prisoners of war.

(After entering the Meridian Gate and standing in front of the Five Marble Bridges on Golden Water River)

now we are inside the Forbidden City.Before we start our tour, I would like to briefly introduce you to the architectural patterns befour us .To complete this solemn, magnificent and palatial complex, a variety of buildings were arranged on a north-south axis, and 8-kilometer-long invisible line that has become an inseparable part of the City of Beijing. The Forbidden City covers roughly one –third of this central axis. Most of the important building in the Forbidden City weree arranged along this line. The design and arrangement of the palaces reflect the solemn dignity of the royal court and rigidly –stratified feudal system.

The Forbidden City is divided into an outer and an inner count.We are now standing on the southernmost part of the outer count. In front of us lies the Gate of supreme Harmony .The gate is guarded by a pair of bronze lions ,symbolizing imperial power and dignity. The lions were the most exquisite and biggest of its kind. The one on the east playing with a ball is a male, and ball is said to represent state unity. The other one is a female. Underneath one of its fore claws is a cub that is considered to be a symbol of perpetual imperial succession. The winding brook before us is the Golden Water River. It functions both as decoration and fire control .The five bridges spanning the river represent the five virtues preached by Confucius :benevolence, righteousness, rites, intellence and fidelity. The river takes the shape of a bow and the north-south axis is its arrow. This was meant to show that the Emperors ruled the country on behalf of God.

(In front of the Gate of Supreme Harmony)

The Forbidden City consists of an outer countyard and an inner enclosure. The out count yard covers a vast space lying between the Meridian Gate and the Gate of Heavenly Purity. The “three big halls” of Supreme Harmony, Complete Harmony and Preserving Harmony constitute the center of this building group. Flanking them in bilateral symmetry are two groups of palaces: Wenhua (Prominent Scholars) and Wuying (Brave Warriors) . The three great halls are built on a spacious “H”-shaped, 8-meter-high, triple marble terrace, Each level of the triple terrace is taller than the on below and all are encircled by marble balustrades carved with dragon and phoenix designs. There are three carved stone staircases linking the three architectures .The hall of supreme Harmony is also the tallest and most exquisite ancient wooden-structured mansion in all of China. From the palace of Heavenly Purith northward is what is known as the inner court, which is also built in bilaterally symmetrical patterns. In the center are the Palace of Heavenly Purity, the Hall of Union and Peace and Palace of Earthly Tranquility, a place where the Emperors lived with their families and attended to state affairs. Flanking these structures are palaces and halls in which concubines and princes lived. There are also three botanical gardens within the inner count, namely, the imperial Garden, Caning garden and Quailing garden. An inner Golden Water River flows eastwardly within the inner court. The brook winds through three minor halls or palaces and leads out of the Forbidden City. It is spanned by the White Jade Bridge. The river is lined with winding, marble –carved balustrades. Most of the structures within the Forbidden City have yellow glazed tile roofs.

Aside from giving prominence to the north-south axis, other architectural methods were applied to make every group of palatial structures unique in terms of terraces, roofs, mythical monsters perching on the roofs and colored, drawing patterns. With these, the grand contour and different hierarchic spectrum of the complex were strengthened. Folklore has it that there are altogether 9,999 room-units in the Forbidden City. Since Paradise only has 10,000 rooms, the Son of Heaven on earth cut the number by half a room. It is also rumoured that this half –room is located to the west of the Wenyuange Pavilion (imperial library). As a matter of fact, although the Forbidden City has more than 9,000 room-units, this half-room is nonexistent .The Wenyuange Pavilion is a library where “Si Ku Quan Shu”- China `s first comprehensive anthology-was stored.

(After walking past the Gate of Supreme Harmony)

Ladies and Gentlemen, the great hall we are approaching is the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the biggest and tallest of its king in the Forbidden City. This structure covers a total building space of 2,377 square meters, and is know for its upturned, multiple counterpart eaves . The Hall of Supreme Harmony sits on a triple “H”-shaped marble terrace the is 8meters high and linked by staircases. The staircase on the ground floor has 21 steps while the middle and upper stairways each have 9.

The construction of the Hall of Supreme Harmony began in 1406. It burned down three times and was severely damaged once during a mutiny. The existing architecture was built during the Qing Dynasty. On the corners of the eaves a line of animal-nails were usually fastened to the tiles. These animal-nails were later replace with mythical animals to ward off evil spirits. There are altogether 9 such fasteners on top of this hall. The number nine was regarded by the ancients to be the largest numeral accessible to man and to which only the emperors were entitled.

There was a total of 24 successive emperors during the Ming and Qing dynasties who were enthroned here. The ball was also used for ceremonies which marked other great occasions: the Winter Solstice, The Chinese Lunar New Year, the Emperor` s birthday, conferral of the title of empress, the announcement of new laws and policies, and dispatches of generals to war .On such occasions, the Emperor would hold audience for his court officials and receive their tributes.

This area is called the Hall of Supreme Harmony Square, which covers a total of 30,000 square meters, Without a single tree or plant growing here, this place inspires visitors to feel its solemnity and grandeur. In the middle of the square there is a carriageway that was reserved for the Emperor. On both sides of the road the groud bricks were laid in a special way seven layers lengthwise and eight layers crosswise, making up fifteen layers in all. The purpose of this was to prevent anyone from tunneling his way into the palace. In the count yard there are iron vats for storing water to fight fires. In the whole complex there are altogher 308 water vats. In wintertime, charcoal was burned underneath the vats to keep the water from freezing .Why so vast a square? It was designed to impress people with the hall` s grandeur and vastness. Imagine the following scene. Under the clear blue sky, the yellow glazed tiles shimmered as the cloud-like layers of terrace, coupled with the curling veil of burning incense, transformed the hall of supreme Harmony into a fairyland. Whenever major ceremonies were held, the glazed, crane-shaped candleholders inside the hall would be it, and incense and pine branches burnt in front of the hall. When the Emperor appeared, drums were beaten and musical instrument played. Civilian officials and generals would kneel know in submission.

The last Qing emperor Puyi assumed the throne in 1908, at the age of three, His father carried him to the throne. At the start of the coronation, the sudden drum-beating and loud music caught the young emperor unprepared .He was so scared that he kept crying and shouting,”I don’t want to stay here. I want to go home.” His father tried to soothe him, saying, ”It` all soon be finished .It` all soon be finished ”The ministers present at the event considered this incident inauspicious. Coincidentally, the Qing dynasty collapsed three years later and there with concluded China `s feudal system that had lasted for more than 2,000 years.

(On the stone terrace of the Hall of Supreme Harmony)

This is a bronze incense burner. In it incense made of sandalwood would be burnt on important occasions. There are altogether 18 incense burners, representing all of the provinces under the rule of the Sing monarchs. On either side of the Hall, 4 bronze water-filled vats were placed in case of fire. Next to the terrace on either side, there is a bronze crane and tortoise, symbols of longevity. This copper-cast grain measure is called ”jialiang.” It served as the national standard during the Qing dynasty. It was meant to show that the imperial ruler were just and open to rectification. On the other side there is a stone sundial, an ancient timepiece. The jialiang and the sundial were probably meant to show what the Emperor represented: that he was the only person who should possess the standards of both measure and time.

In the very forefront of the Hall of Supreme Harmony , there are 12 scarlet , round pillars supporting the roof. The hall is 63 meters from east to west and 37 meters from north to south, It is 35 meters in height. In front of this architechture, there stands a triple terrace with five staircases leading up to the main entrance .It has 40 gold doors and 16 gold-key windows with colored drawings on the pillars and beams. In the middle of the hall, a throune carved with 9 dragons sits on a 2-meter-high platform. Behind the throne there is a golden screen and in front of it, there is a imperial desk . The flanks are decorated with elephants, Luduan(a legendary beast), cranes, and incense barrels. The elephant carries a vase on its back that holds five cereals(i. e. rice, two kinds of millet, wheat and beans),which was considered a symbol of prosperity. As ancient legend has it that luduan can travel 18,000 li (9,000 kilometers )in one day and knows all languages and dialects. Only to a wise adjust monarch will this beast be a guardian.

The Hall of Supreme Harmony is also popularly known as Jinluan Dian (gold bell hall or the throne hall). The floor of the hall is laid with bricks that turn it into a smooth, fine surface as if water has been sprinkled on it .The so-called golden brick, in fact, has nothing to do with gold. Reserved exclusively for the construction of the royal court, it was made in a secretive, and complex way, and, when struck, sounds like the clink of a gold bar. Each brick was worth the market price of one dan (or one hectoliter ) of rice.

The hall is supported by a total of 72 thick pillars .Of these, 6 are carved in dragon patterns and painted with gold and surround the throne. Above the very center of this hall there is a zaojing, or covered ceiling, which is one of the Specialities of China `s ancient architure. In the middle of the ceiling is a design of a dragon playing with a ball inlaid with peals. This copper ball, hollow inside and covered with mercury, is known as the Xuanyuan Mirror and is thought to be made Xuanyuan, a legendary monarch dating back to remote antiquity. The placing of the caisson above the throne is meant to suggest that all of China` s successive emperors are Zuanyuan` s descendants and hereditary heirs. Now you might have noticed that the Xuanyuan mirror is not directly above the throne. Why? It is rumored that Yuan Shikai, a self-acclaimed warlord-turned emperor moved the throne further back because he was afraid that the mirror might fall on him .In 1916 when Yuan Shikai became emperor, he removed the original throne with a Western-style, high-back chair. After the foundation of the People` s Republic of China in 1949 the throne was found in a shabby furniture warehouse. It repaired and returned to the hall.

(Leading the tourist to the bronze vats either on the east or the west)

the water vats in front of the palaces or house were called “menhai,” or sea before the door by the ancient Chinese. They believed that with a sea by the door, fire could not wreak havoc. The vats served both as a decoration and as a fire extinguisher. They were kept full of water all year round.

During the Qing Dynasty, they were altogether 308 vats in the palace enclosure. They were made of gilt bronze or iron. Of couse, the gilt bronze vats were of the best quality. When the allied forces (Britain, Germany, France, Russia, the United States, Italy, Japan and Austria) invaded Beijing in 1900 under the pretext of suppressing the Boxer Rebellion, the invaders ransacked the imperial compound and scraped and gold off the vats with their bayonets. During the Japanese occupation of Beijing, many vats were trucked away by the Japanese to be made into bullets .

(In front of the Hall of Complete Harmony)

The square architecture before us is called the Hall of Complete Harmony. It served as an antechamber. The Emperor came here to meet with his countiers and add his final touches to the prayers which would be read at the ancestral Temple. The seeds, snowers and prayer intended for spring sowing were also examined here. The two Qing sedan chairs here on display were used for traveling within the palace during the reign of Emperor Qianlong.

(In front of the hall f Preserving Harmony)

this is the Hall of Preserving Harmony. During the Qing Dynasty, banquets were held here on New Year` s eve in honour of Mongolian and Northwestern China` s xingjiang princes and ranking officials. The Emperor also dinned here with his new son-in-law on the wedding day. Imperial examinations were also held here once every three years. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were three levels of exams: the county and prefectural level, the provincial level and national level. The national exam was presided over by the emperor. The civil service exam in ancient China started during the Han Dynasty. It served the purpose of recruiting Confucian scholars to the ministers and high officials. During the Tang and Qing dynasties reinstituted and ancient system. Once every three years, three hundred scholars from all over the country came to Beijing and took exams for three day and night. This system was abolished in 1905.

(Behind the hall of preserving harmony)

this is the largest stone carving in the palace . It is 16.73 meters long, 3.07 meters wide and 1.7 meters thick .It weighs about 200 tons. The block was quarried in Fangshan County, roughly 70 kilometers away. To transport such a huge block to Beijing, laborers dug wells along the roadside half a kilometer apart, and used the groundwater to make a road of ice in the winter. Rolling blocks were used in the summer. In 1760, Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty ordered the carving of the existing cloud and dragon design in place of the old one which dated back to the Ming Dynasty.

Note : From here, the tour can be conducted via three different routes: a western route(Route A), a central route (Route B) or an eastern route (Route C) .The commentary for each follows.

Route A

Ladies and Gentlemen:

You have seen the three main halls of the Forbidden City. Now I ` d like to show you around the hall of mental cultivation and the imperial garden . The hall of mental cultivation is situated is in the western part of the innermost enclosure and is symmetrical to Fengxian (enshrinement of forebears) Hall in the east. This hall was built during the Ming Dynasty. IT is a H-shaped structure consisting of an antechamber and a main building .The hall is surrounded by corridors. In front of the hall is the Office of Privy Council.

Before Emperor Kangxi of Qing the Dynasty came to power the Hall of Heavenly Purity served as the living quarter of the emperors. Emperor Yongzheng chose to live in this hall and attended to every day state affairs from here .For the sake of protecting cultural relics, this hall is not open to the public .You can have a look at the inside from the door. The central hall was the audience chamber where the emperor read memorials, granted audience to officials and summoned his minsters for consultation. The western chamber of the hall was where the emperor read reports and discussed military and political affairs. The hall consists of many inner rooms and is decorated with images of Buddha and miniature pagodas. On the screen wall there hangs a picture of two emperors in the Han costume. In a southern room there three rare calligraphic scrolls, hence the name of the room “Sanxitang” (Room of Three Rare Treasures) . The room on the eastern side is of historical interst because it was here that Empress Dowager Cixi usurped power and made decisions on behalf of the young emperor . A bamboo curtain was used to separate them .

Empress Dowage Cixi was born in 1835 in Lu` an Prefecture of shanxi province. She` s of Manchurian nationality and her father was a provincial governor from south China. When she was 17 years old ,she was selected to become a concubine of Emperor Xianfeng and moved into the Forbidden City. She gave birth to a son when she was 21years old and was made a concubine the following year. When the emperor passed away in the summer of 1861, her son ascended the throne and title of Cixi, meaning “Holy Mother” was conferred upon her and she became the Empress Dowager. In that same year Empress Dowager Cixi carried out a count coup d` etat and ruled behind the scenes with another empress dowager, Ci` an, for 48 years. She passed away in 1908 at the age of 73. It was in reference to this situation that the term “attending to state affairs behind a bamboo curtain” developed .In 1912 , Empress dowager Longyu declared the abdication of the last Qing emperor Puyi. They were allowed to remain in the Forbidden City for the next 13 years .The royal family was forced to move out permanently in 1924.

Behind the central hall were the living accommodation of 8 successive Qing emperors .Three of them actually passed away here. The side rooms flanking the hall were reserved for empresses and concubines. Now let` s continue with our tour. It will take us to the Hall of heavenly purity , the hall of union and peace ,the palace of earthly tranquility, and the imperial garden.

Route B

(Inside the Hall of heavenly Purity)

Ladies and Gentlemen:

We are now entering the inner court. From the Gate of Heavenly Purity northward lies the inner court where the emperors and empresses once lived .The Hall of heavenly Purity is the central hall of the inner court ,and was completed during the Reign of Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty. There are 10 pillars supporting the entire structure and the hall is 20 meters in height .In the center of the hall there a throne. Above it hangs a plaque with an inscription that reads “Be open and above-board,” written by Shenzhi,the first emperor of the Qing Dynasty. Beginning with Qianlong` s reign, the name of the successor to the throne was not publicly announced .instead, it was written on two pieces of paper, one to be kept on the emperor` s person throughout his reign, and the other placed in a small strongbox that was stored behind his plaque. The box was opened only after the emperor passed away. Altogether there where 4 emperors who ascended the throne in this way, namely Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daohuang and Xian feng.

The hall of heavenly purity was where the emperors lived during the Ming and Qing dynasties. According to tradition ,extravagant annual banquets were held here on New Year` s Eve in honour of royal family members. Foreign ambassadors were received here during the late-Qing period. Two important “one thousand old men` s feasts” of the Qing Dynasty were also held here. All the invitees had to be at least 65 years of age.

This hall was also used for mourning services.

(Inside the Palace of Union and Peace)

this hall sits between the Hall of heavenly Purity and the Palace of Earthly Tranquility, symbolizing the union of heaven and earth ,as well as national peace .It was first built in 1420 and reconstructed in 1798. The hall is square in shape ,and is smaller than the Hall of complete Harmony .You will see a plaque here inscribed with two Chinese characters, wu wei, which were handwritten by Emperor Qianglong. A throne sits in the middle of the hall with a screen behind it .Above the throne there hangs a caisson ,or covered ceiling. The emperor held birthday celebrations and other major events here.

In 1748 during Emperor Qianlong` s reign, 25 jade seals representing imperial authority were kept in this hall .No seals were allowed out of the room without the prior consent of the emperor. On each flack there is a water clock and a chiming clock.

(Inside the palace of earthly tranquility)

This used to be the central hall where successive Ming empresses lived. During the Qing dynasty, it was converted into a place where sacrifices and wedding ceremonies were held .The room on the western side was used for sacrifices and the room on the east was the seeding chamber.

Route C

Ladies and Gentlemen:

You have seen the three main halls of the Forbidden City. Now I` d like to show you around scenes of interest along the eastern route. The first is the Treasure Hall. This mansion is called the Hall of Imperial Zenith. This is where Sing Emperor Quailing lived after abdication. Nearly 1,000 artifacts and treasures are on display here, among which the Golden Hair Tower is one of the most famous. This tower is 1.53meters in height and its base is 0.53 meters in circumference .It was built under the order of Emperor Quailing to be used to collect fallen hair in commemoration of his mother. There is also a “Day harnessing Water Jade Hill ” on display here. Yu was a legendary monarch of the remote Ixia dynasty. Under his leadership, the people learned how to harness the Yellow River. This jade assemblage, 224 centimeters in height and 5 tons in weight, is the largest jade artwork in China. This mat was woven with peeled ivory. These artifacts are among China` s rarest treasures.

(In front of the Nine-Dragon Screen)

this is the Nine-Dragon Relief Screen .Erected in 1773,it is 3.5 meters in height and 29.4 meters in width. Underneath is a foundation made of marble .The surface of the screen is laid with a total of 270 colored, glazed tiles in the design of 9 dragons ,some rocky mountains ,clouds and the sea. It was meant to ward off evil spirits The ancient Chinese regarded 9 dragons, some rocky mountains, clouds and the sea. It was meant to ward off evil spirits .The ancient Chinese regarded 9 as the largest numeral and the dragon as a auspicious beast .The 9 dragons are different in color and posture and all are made of glazed tiles. Interestingly a piece of the third dragon from the left is made of wood. It is believe that when the Nine-dragon Screen was almost finished ,a piece of glazed tile was damaged .Emperor Qianlong was scheduled to inspect the work the following day .Using quick wits, the craftsman in question molded the missing piece with clay and sailed through the imperial inspection. Later ,he asked a carpenter to carve a wooden one to replace the one made of clay.

(Approaching the Imperial Garden)

Behind the Palace of Earthly Tranquility and trading the north-south axis is the imperial Garden. There are old trees, rare flowers and exotic rock formation in this garden .It cover a space of 11,700 square meters, or roughly 1.7 percent of the Forbidden City. Most of the structures in the garden are symmetrically arranged . However, each is different in terms of parrern and decoration. Woods clumps of bamboo screen off the garden and strengthens its deep and serene atmosphere.

There main structure of the Imperial Garden is the Qin` an Hall. Positioned in the central-northern part of the garden ,this hall is flanked by other halls and pavilions on the east and west. The hall sits on a marble pedestal. The Taoist deity of Zhenwu is enshrined here and emperor would pay homage here a quarterly basis. Taoist rites were held during the reign of Emperor Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty. In front of the hall there is a cypress that is 400 years old .In all there are a dozen such rare trees in the garden, and most of them are cypresses or pines. To the northwest of the hall , there is the Yanhui(Sustaining Sunshine) Pavilion and to the northeast there lies the Duixiu (Accumulated Refinement )Hill. This Hill was built over the foundation of the long- pershed Guanhua (Admiring Flowers) Hall of the Ming Dynasty. It is 14 meters in height and made of al kinds of rocks quarried in jiang su province. At its base stand two nstone lions, each carrying a dragon shooting water 10 meters up into the air from its mouth. There are meandering paths leading to the hilltop. At the top of Duixiu Hill sits the Yujing (Imperial Viewing)Pavilion. Traditionally, On the day of the Double Ninth Festival (the ninth day of the ninth lunar month ), the emperor ,his consort, and his concubines would climb up to Yujing Pavilion to enjoy the scenery.

At the southeastern corner of the Garden is Jiangxue(Crimson Snowy) Verandah. Nearby to the southwest lies Yangxing Study (study of the cultivation of nature) .The yangxing study was used as a royal library during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. The last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, Puyi once studied English there. In front of the Jiangxue Verandah some Chinese flowering crabapples grow. The structure got its name from the crabapples who blossoms trun from crimson to snowy white. In front of the Verandah, there grows a rare flower that was brought from henna Province under the order of Empress dowager Cixi. In the northest is Chizao Tang (Hall of Using Flowery Language), once used as a library where rare books were stored.

There are also specific pavilions symbolizing the four seasons .The halls of Wanchun and Qianqiu ,representing spring and autumn respectively ,are square in shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shaped ridges. The halls of Chengrui and Fubi,dedecated to winter and summer, are characterized by two verandahs and bridges at their bases .Paths were paved with colorful pebbles and arranged in 900 different designs.

The Imperial Garden can be accessed through the Qiong yuan (Jade Garden )West gate or the qiong yuan east gate. A third gate, the shunzhen(Obedience and Fidelity)Gate, opens to the north. Its doors are laid in glazed tiles and it was only used by the empress or concubines.

As our tour of the Forbidden City draws to a close, I hope that I have helped you understand why the Palace is a treasure of China and one of the cultural relics of the world. It is under the strict protection of the Chinese government. Since 1949 when the people` s Rupublic of China was founded, nearly one trillion RMB was spent on its restoration and refurbishment. The Forbidden City has undergone four major facelifts to date. Each year, the government earmarks a large sum to gather, sort and study cultural relics. The Palace now contains a total of 930,000cultural relics. Well, so much for today .Let` s go to reboard the coach. Thank you !

重庆丰都鬼城导游词3篇

丰都鬼城旧名酆都鬼城，古为“巴子别都”，东汉和帝永元二年置县，距今已有近20xx年的历史，位于重庆市下游丰都县的长江北岸，是长江游轮旅客的一个观光胜地，是国家首批AAAA级旅游区。下面是第一范文网为大家带来的重庆丰都鬼城导游词，希望可以帮助大家。

篇一：重庆丰都鬼城导游词

丰都位于忠县和涪陵之间的长江北岸边，是一座以神奇传说而著称的古城，是《西游记》、《封神演义》、《聊斋志异》等古典名著中所说的“阴曹地府”、“鬼国幽都”。

丰都城的旅游景区主要是两座山，一是名山，二是双桂山。

名山原名“平都山”，海拔287.3米，面积0.45平方公里。相传汉代有阴长生、王方平两人曾先后在平都山修道成仙，白日飞升。道家就把这里列为道都的“洞天福地”之一。

至唐代，有人误将“阴”、“王”两姓联缀为“阴王”，于是名山就逐步被传说附会为“阴王”(阴间之王)所居之地，即演变成“阴曹地府”的鬼都了。并随之陆续建起了许多与“阴曹地府”相关的寺庙殿宇。有哼哈祠、报恩殿、奈河桥、玉皇殿、百子殿、无常殿、大雄宝殿、鬼门关、黄泉路、望乡台、天子殿、二仙楼、城隍殿、九蟒殿等30多座。

参观完名山的阴世鬼都之后，人们踏过跨在两山之间的壮观的仿古建筑铁索吊桥——“阴阳桥”，就到了“阳间”双桂山。

双桂山高401米，面积约1平方公里。它风景优美，绿树茂密，流水潺潺，曲径通幽，建有孔庙、鹿鸣寺、苏公祠、玉鸣泉等楼阁泉池。还建有纪念周恩来的“恩来亭”，纪念刘伯承早年在丰都讨袁护国的“护国亭”，纪念贺龙的“贺龙亭”等。

篇二：重庆丰都鬼城导游词

重庆丰都名山旅游集团公司是三峡库区旅游业务规模最大、实力最雄厚的大型旅游股份制骨干企业，拥有二亿多元的固定资产，是一个集国家级重点名胜景点、国际国内旅行社、宾馆旅游车队、旅游索道等为一体的集团企业。公司所属的名山风景区内有一九八二年国务院首批公布的全国重点风景名胜区，长江三峡名胜古迹――――丰都名山;有全国最大的民俗文化人文景观――――[鬼国神宫]和国家级森林公园双桂山。

自对外开放以来，共接待党和国家领导人李鹏、杨尚昆、乔石、李瑞环、尉健行、钱其琛、吴邦国、田纪云、邹家华、李铁映、王兆国、陈慕华、王光英、雷洁琼等曾光临丰都;国外知名人士，美国前国务卿基辛格博士、苏尔茨;日本前首相海部俊树、中曾根康弘、村山富市;澳大利亚总督海登等也莅临鬼城观光游览。

景区20xx年被国家旅游局评为首批AAAA级旅游景区、全国十五家[保护旅游者合法权益示范单位]、重庆市最佳旅游景区等称号。公司所属的汇丰国际旅游社一九九八年被评为中国国际旅行社综合效益100强，丰都名山旅行社有限公司为重庆十强国内旅行社。 名山旅游集团公司，还有一批业务技术过硬的高素质人才和经验丰富的高级专业管理人员。公司以[质量第一，信誉第一]为宗旨，竭诚为国内外旅客提供一流服务.

山晓亭：是根据丰都过去的八景之一“平都山晓”定名的。在丰都八景中“平都山晓”最负盛名。过去由于山上庙宇林立，古木参天，遮天蔽日，所以每到清晨，阳光从山顶照射下来，透过山腰团团的薄雾，斑斑剥剥，便勾画出一幅壮丽的平都山景。在这里，游客除了小憩之外，还可以看到丰都犹如一把锋利的关刀，静卧在江边。传说关羽败走麦城时，曾嘱咐将领周仓将关刀送到成都，当时因为周仓身染风寒，来到丰都后就病死了，这把关刀便遗留在丰都。为了感念一代良将，蚂蚁蜂拥而至，纷纷堆沙埋下了关刀，于是丰都的地形成了一个关刀形，后人为了纪念关羽，便依刀而建，在这里修起了县城。

鬼门关：这里是进入鬼国的必经关卡。无论是谁来到这里都必须接受检查，看看是否持有鬼国通行证一一路引。这是人死后到鬼国报到的依据。路引长3尺，宽2尺，是用黄色的软纸印做的，上书“为丰都天予阎罗大帝发给路引和普天下人必备此引，方能到地府转世升天”。同时，路引上面盖有“阴司城隍、丰都县府”三个印章。凡是人死后入殓(1ian)或火化时烧掉它，就会随灵魂来到地府，所到之处才能畅通无阻。

天子殿：座西向东，最早修建于西晋，距今约有1600多年历史，现存的天子殿是清康熙三年(1864年)重修的，距今有三百多年历史。全殿占地2431平方米，由牌坊、山门、殿堂三部分组成，对称地排列在一条中轴线上。牌坊为木石结构的三重檐坊，高约10公尺，山门为重檐歇山式屋顶，两边的钟鼓楼均为四角攒尖顶，殿堂为砖木结构，硬山式屋顶，穿逗式梁架。该殿系鬼城的核心部分，也是名山上建筑年代最久，面积、规模最大，保存最完整的一座庙宇。

四大判官：赏善司执掌善薄，身着绿袍，笑容可掬。生前行善小鬼全部由他安排，根据生前行善程度大小、多少予以奖赏。在六道轮回中，或登天成神，或投胎做人，只须在梦婆处喝一碗迷魂茶，忘却生前恩怨，即可重食人间烟火。

哼哈词：内塑哼哈二将。传说哼将郑伦、哈将陈奇本是商纣王的大将，武王灭纣后，姜子牙归国封神，封郑伦和陈奇镇守两释山门，宣布教化，保护法宝，为哼哈二将之神。

按照佛教的说法，陈奇和郑伦都是佛国大力士，能亲近诸佛，是手拿金刚杵保卫佛的夜叉神，叫“执金刚”。相传佛祖身边有五百于执金刚的随从警卫，队长叫“密迹金刚”，首要的职责是守卫寺庙的第一道大门，与门神一样。但是中国的门神大多是两个，于是，这位队长被一分为_，对称地守卫在殿内两侧。佛教还有一种说法：过去有个国王，生了1000个儿子，最小的两个弟弟为保护阿哥们成佛，心甘情愿当了护法神。

报恩殿：该殿原建于民国，重建于1984年，占地234.4㎡，内塑报恩菩萨目莲，两旁是他的弟子闵公和闵志。目连也叫目犍莲，是释迦牟尼的十大弟子之一，传说他神通广大，能飞上兜率天，为第一行孝者，很受世人敬仰，终年香火不断。

观音：是佛国第一菩萨，又叫观自在、慈航大士等等。据《法华经》载：苦恼众生，一心称颂菩萨，皆得解脱，以是名观世音，唐代冈避李世民名讳，略去“世”，简称为观音，意译即：众生在受苦受难的时候，只要念诵其名，菩萨就会“观”到这个声音立即前去解救。

篇三：重庆丰都鬼城导游词

一是道教之说。在东汉末年，张道陵创立“五斗米”教，吸收了不少巫术，成为后来的“鬼教”。公元198年，他的孙子张鲁在丰都设立道教“平都治”，这里遂成为了道教的传教中心。后来，道教又杜撰出一个“罗丰山”，说它是北阴大帝治理的鬼都，这位北阴大帝是道教的第七级中心神，专管地狱。在北魏地理学家郦道元的《水经注》中，称丰都居道教七十二福地的第四十五位。[1]

二是鬼帝(土伯)之说：当人类社会还处在上古时代的时候，由于科学不发达，在遇到一些大自然现象的时候无法做出正确的解释，认为这一切是由鬼神在主宰。而巴族和蜀族是以氐羌部落为主，两个部落。东周时，丰都曾为巴子别都，随着巴蜀两族的不断交往，政治、经济、文化、思想、习俗相互渗透，于是产生了一个共同信仰的宗教神——土伯，这就是巴蜀鬼族的第一代鬼帝。这位鬼帝就住在幽都，至今丰都还留有“幽都”遗迹。

三是佛教“阎罗王”之说。“阎罗王”本是梵文的音译，原为古印度神话里管理阴间之王。佛教沿用此说法，称为管理地狱的魔王。传说他手下有十八判官，分管十八地狱。据《一切经音义》称，“阎罗王”即“平等王”，他能平等治罪。

丰都鬼城四是阴、王成仙之说，这是丰都最广为流传的说法。早在公元270年左右，晋人葛洪在其《神仙传》中就有关阴、王成仙的说法。传说在汉朝时候，有两位方士，一位叫阴长生，是刘肇皇后的曾祖父;一位叫王方平，官至朝中散大夫。他们因不满社会现状，双双先后来丰都修炼，于魏青龙初年，成仙而去。后来到了唐朝，他们二人被人讹传成了“阴王”，即阴间之王。

后来加上历代统治阶级的不断刻意渲染，历代文人、官吏通过小说、诗词、游记和碑文的描述，如《西游记》、《聊斋志异》、《说岳全传》、《西洋记》等等。因此一个比较全面的鬼城就在丰都形成了。它从虚幻到实物，经历了两千多年的历史，将佛教、道教、儒家学说以及中国鬼文化有机结合起来;将巴渝文化、中原文化和域外文化结合起来;将民间神话传说想象与现实结合起来;将建筑、雕塑、绘画等多种艺术形式结合起来，才形成今天天下闻名的“鬼城文化”。

丰都鬼城丰都鬼城位于四川盆地东南边缘，地处长江上游。是七里的故乡。它是一 座依山面水的古城，春秋时称“巴子别都”，它是从重庆顺游长江三峡的第一个旅游景区。传说这里是人死后灵魂归宿的地方。“鬼城”丰都，名山上古木参天，寺庙林立，在庞大的阴曹地府里仙道释儒，诸神众鬼盘踞各庙，等级森严，各司其职并以苛刑峻法统治着传说中的幽灵世界。

丰都鬼城距今已有两千多年的历史，历来被人们当作人类亡灵的归宿之地。

丰都，自古以来就是文化名城，是中国最有特色，最有名气的历史文化小镇，以其丰都鬼城作为阴曹地府所在的丰富的鬼文化而蜚生古今中外。

鬼城丰都以其悠久的历史，独特的文化内涵，神奇的传说，秀美的风光和难以替代的观赏价值，不可多得的鬼文化研究载体和独特源泉，向中外游客展现出神秘的东方神韶。丰都“鬼城”是人们凭想象建造的“阴曹地府”，人们凭想象，用类似人间的法律机制先后建成“阎王殿”、“鬼门关”、“阴阳界”、“十八层地狱”等一系列阴间机构。

各位游客大家好，欢迎大家跟随我一起游览三峡风光。

一进到三峡，前面的美景尽收眼底，首先，你将会看到在三峡七百里中，两岸都是相连的山，全然没有中断的地方连绵起伏的山峦遮住了太阳，如果不是正午和半夜，就会看不见太阳和月亮。等到了秋冬之时，潭水碧绿，怪柏凌峰的时候，长长会听到有高处的猿猴放声长叫，声音接连不断，呻吟了很久才渐渐消失所以，打鱼的人唱到：巴东三峡巫峡长，猿鸣三声泪沾裳。

让我们一起感受三峡独一无二的美景，感受作者的心灵。

澳门博物馆导游词

如果要领略一下本世纪初澳门的生活方式，不妨到仔岛南岸的海边马路看看。这个区域被本地人称為『龙环葡韵』，它是岛上的旧城区。这裡有五栋建於十九世纪未，外型优雅的葡式住宅。

其中一被用作住宅式博物馆，展示了当时土生葡人的家居风格;欧式的家俱摆设和中式的装璜融洽地共处一室，把当时双重文化地区内，上流社会的悠闲雅致表露无遗。

·南湾公园的导游词 ·玫瑰圣母堂的导游词 ·澳门特别行政区导游词 其餘的房子分别用作可容纳四百名观眾的展览厅、工艺中心、酒吧和葡国民族史展览馆。

剩下的一间成為了现时的餐厅，那裡有一个露天茶座，当你在浓浓树荫下品茗时，可能会堕入了时光隧道，回到了一百年前，看著一艘艘帆船缓缓驶来，而船上印度人正忙碌地下锚泊岸，準备接收从中国大陆运来的货物。

大家好!我是欢乐旅行社的实习导游,我姓李,大家可以叫我李导.今天,由我来带领大家游览颐和园,请大家多多关照,希望大家能对我的工作提出宝贵的意见.颐和园到了,大家请随我下车. 进了大门,绕过大殿,现在的位置就是著名的长廊.你们看,这绿漆的柱子、红漆的栏杆,是一眼望不到头.这条长廊有七八百多米长,分为二百七十三间.每一间的横槛上都有五彩的画,画着人物、风景、花草,几千幅画没有哪两幅画相同.长廊两旁栽的花木,一种花还没有谢,另一种花就已经开了. 微风从左边的昆明湖上吹来,使人神清气爽,大家感觉到了吗? 走完长廊,我们现在来到的是万寿山脚下.大家抬头看一看,一座八角宝塔形的三层建筑耸立在半山腰上,黄色的琉璃瓦闪闪发光,那就是佛香阁.下面的一排排金碧辉煌的宫殿就是排云殿. 现在,我们在万寿山的佛香阁.大家向下望,颐和园的景色大半收在眼底.看,葱郁的树丛,掩映着黄、绿的琉璃瓦屋顶和朱红的宫墙.前面,昆明湖静得像一面镜子,绿得像一块碧玉.游船、画舫也都从湖面慢慢滑过,几乎不留一点儿痕迹.大家向东远眺,隐隐约约可以望见几座古老的城楼和城里的白塔. 我们现在所在的地点是昆明湖.昆明湖围着长长的堤岸,堤上有几座式样不同的石桥.大家走过石桥,就可以去湖中心的那座小岛上去玩.大家看,我现在用手指着的那座桥有十七个桥洞,所以叫十七孔桥.桥栏杆上有着上百根石柱,柱子上雕刻着小狮子,这些狮子姿态不一,没有哪两只是相同的.好,现在大家可以去小岛上玩儿,两小时后在这儿集中,然后我们坐车回去.解散!

大家今天玩得开心吗?通过我的讲解,你们是不是对故宫有了一定的了解呢?希望下次你们还来找我当你们的导游.

各位尊敬的游客，你们好，很高兴今天能为你们服务。我叫刘?，大家可以叫我小?，也可以叫我刘导游。我的电话号码是1399870662，这辆车的车牌号码是粤A7654321，请大家记好，防止掉队。今天我们一起游览澳门大三巴牌坊，希望大家能在大三巴牌坊留下美好的回忆。

大三巴是圣保禄教堂正前壁的遗址，圣保禄教堂附属于圣保禄学院 该学院于1594年成立，1762结束，是远东地区第一所西式大学。因为1595年和1620xx年先后两次失火，1835年的一场大火将教堂烧毁，只剩下正面前壁，大部分地基以及教堂前的台阶。因教堂前壁形似中国的牌坊，所以叫大三巴牌坊。

现在，请大家跟我一起去大三巴。看?这座建筑真奇特，最上面是一个三角形的屋顶，象征向天父召唤。正中有一只白鸽，围绕着太阳、月亮和星星，表示天主圣神的地位。下面一层层长方形的建筑，有三十多根柱子，表面不仅有许多精美的雕刻，还有各种各样的雕像，有圣母、耶苏、海星之母……诉说着各种各样的故事，就像一幅美丽的画。

走进大三巴，里面是以前的殿堂，现在只剩下一些大柱子的地基，有点遗憾。走上右边的台阶，站在唱诗班高台上，下面广场的景色大半收在眼底，身后就是殿堂。

最里面是墓堂，参观时一定要保持严肃，要体会这个地方宗教气息，就要亲自看看大理石上的祭檀。隔壁就是天主教艺术博物馆，展品有图画、雕刻、装饰品。都是十六到十九世纪的作品。

游客们，你们觉得大三巴漂亮吗?如果你们觉得漂亮，希望你们下次再来。

各位尊敬的旅客朋友们，早上好，这天由我带领您参观一个不着名的小石潭。

大家请看身边的这个小丘，固然小，但却是景色宜人。四周郁郁葱葱，人烟依然很稀少。

大家随着我一齐往西走。大家请闭上眼睛，知大家有没有闻声什么？有些像珮与环相互碰撞的清脆声。此刻请随我顺着这条小路下往，让我们来一探究竟。

此刻我们所看到的小潭就是大家刚才听到的清脆声的起源地。大家能够看到，这小潭的潭底，是以一整块石头做成的，大家此刻能够走近些，但留意脚下不要滑倒。这小潭的潭底有些地方已经凸出来了，就像海上的岛屿，水中的平地一样。

这个小潭里大约有一百来条鱼，由于水太清澈，所以看上往似乎在空中游动，也没有什么依靠。早上阳光照到水底，鱼的影子就会映在水底的石头上，有些鱼懒得一动也不动，但有时却忽然间的游走，立刻又游回来，似乎在跟大家开玩笑似的。

请大家顺着小潭向西南方看往，就会看到一条小溪，这条小溪便是这潭水的来源，这小溪曲曲弯弯，有时能看见有时却不能看见，由于多年水流的冲击它的两岸早已参差不齐，像犬牙一样。

这个小潭不仅仅谭美，四周的景色也很美。它的四面被竹子和树木层层环绕，假如一个人来到那里，就会感觉到它独占的清静，让人心旷神怡。在那里呆久了，就会感觉到它独占的魅力让人抛往心中一切的杂念，感觉就像在仙境中一样，没有让人喘但是气的压力，没有让人头疼的事业，倍感简单，心也静了下来，那里一切的一切都是那么完美。

我为大家先容了这么多，不知有没有人明白那里是哪位名人笔下的景色？对了这就是唐宋八大家之一柳宗元笔下的小石潭。

好了时光不早了，我们要离别这美丽的景色，到下一个景区往了。

澳门特别行政区导游词

澳门位于中国东南沿海珠江口西岸，东北距香港约60公里，北面由一条宽约200米的狭长地带与广东省珠海市相连。总面积17.41平方公里，由澳门半岛、凼仔岛和路环岛组成。至于澳门此名，则是因为从凼仔岛眺看澳门半岛，她的左右各有一座山，远远望去像是两扇开启的“门”，半岛周围环绕着海水，人称此种地形为“澳”。那么，连在一起，这方土地便称为“澳门”。

澳门旧属广东香山，后为葡萄牙人占据。业经多年经营，现已发展为重要的国际城市，出口加工、旅游博彩及建筑与金融是其主要的经济支柱。地域狭小，人口密度为世界之冠。

澳门优越的地理位置、宜人的亚热带气侯、发达的服务设施，使之在国际旅游界颇具影响。地区旅游自然景观较少，主要是几百年来形成的人文旅游资源，大量古迹保存完好。澳门最有特色的是赌博娱乐设施。赌博内容丰而又丰，赛马、赛狗、赛车俱全。赌博业在澳门合法化，形成以“博彩观光”为传统的旅游模式。葡京娱乐场、大三巴牌坊、西望洋山教堂为当地名胜。

澳门旅游业凭借着其独特的历史和地理条件，一直有较好的表现。澳门众多的名胜古迹，既有传统的中国文化色彩，又有浓郁的葡国情调，加上兴旺的博彩业，令澳门有“东方蒙特卡罗”之称，每年都吸引大量的游客。尤其是澳门国际机场投入运营以后，为旅游业的发展注入了新的活力，澳门已成为一个现代旅游城市。

澳门是一个自由港，一直奉行低税率政策，你完全可以放松身心，忘却烦恼，自由地徜徉在街头，由着性儿地流连在海滩，穿梭在鳞次栉比的欧式建筑群中，尽情地品尝林林总总的佳食美酒。

澳门经历了数个世纪的变迁，东西文化长期在此汇聚交流，留下不少可堪追忆的痕迹。同时，澳门逐渐向现代化国际城市迈进，设施先进完备，高楼林立，一切一切组合成澳门的特色，正等候着阁下亲身光临体会！

北京旅游景点天安门英文导游词

Tian’anmen Rostrum

Tian’anmen( the Gate of Heavenly Peace), is located in the center of Beijing. It was first built in 1417 and named Chengtianmen( the Gate of Heavenly Succession). At the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was seriously damaged by war. When it was rebuilt under the Qing in 1651, it was renamed Tian’anmen, and served as the main entrance to the Imperial City, the administrative and residential quarters for court officials and retainers. The southern sections of the Imperial City wall still stand on both sides of the Gate. The tower at the top of the gate is nine-room wide and five –room deep. According to the Book of Changes, the two numbers nine and five, when combined, symbolize the supreme status of a sovereign.During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Tian’anmen was the place where state ceremonies took place. The most important one of them was the issuing of imperial edicts, which followed these steps:

1) The Minister of Rites would receive the edict in Taihedian( Hall of Supreme Harmony), where the Emperor was holding his court. The minister would then carry the decree on a yunpan( tray of cloud), and withdraw from the hall via Taihemen( Gate of supreme Harmony)

2) The Minister would put the tray in a miniature longting( dragon pavilion). Beneath a yellow umbrella and carry it via Wumen( Meridian Gate), to Tian’anmen Gate tower.

3) A courtier would be invested to proclaim the edict. The civil and military officials lining both sides of the gateway beneath the tower would prostrate themselves in the direction of the emperor in waiting for the decree to the proclaimed.

4) The courtier would then put the edict in a phoenix-shaped wooden box and lower it from the tower by means of a silk cord. The document would finally be carried in a similar tray of cloud under a yellow umbrella to the Ministry of Rites.

5) The edict, copied on yellow paper, would be made known to the whole country.

Such a process was historically recorded as “ Imperial Edict Issued by Golden Phoenix”.During the Ming and Qing dynasties Tian’anmen was the most important passage. It was this gate that the Emperor and his retinue would go through on their way to the altars for ritual and religious activities.

On the Westside of Tian’anmen stands ZhongshanPark( Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Park), and on the east side, the Working People’s Cultural Palave. The Park was formerly called Shejitan( Altar of Land and Grain), built in 1420 for offering sacrificial items to the God of Land. It was opened to the public as a park in 1914 and its name was changed in 1928 to the present one in memory of the great pioneer of the Chinese Democratic Revolution.The Working People’s Cultural Palace used to be Taimiao( the Supreme Ancestral Temple), where tablets of the deceased dynastic rulers were kept.

北京长城英文导游词 ·岳阳楼英文导游辞 ·重庆英文导游词 ·西藏英文导游词

The stream in front of Tian’anmen is called Waijinshuihe( Outer Golden River),with seven marble bridges spanning over it . Of these seven bridges,historical records say the middle one was for the exclusive use of the emperor and was accordingly called Yuluqiao( Imperial Bridge). The bridges flanking it on either side were meant for the members of the royal family and were therefore called Wanggongqiao( Royal’s Bridges). Farther away on each side of the two were bridges for officials ranking above the third order and were named Pinjiqiao( ministerial Bridges). The remaining two bridges were for the use by the retinue below the third order and wre called Gongshengqiao( common Bridges). They anr the one in front of the Supreme Ancestral Temple to the east and the one in front of the Altar of land and Grain to the west.

The two stone lions by the Gate of Tian’anmen, one on each side were meant as sentries. They gaze toward the middle axis, guarding the emperor’s walkway. In front of the gate stands a pair of marble columns called Huabiao. They are elaborately cut in bas-relief following the pattern of a legendary dragon. Behind the gate stands another pair of similar columns. The story of Huabiao may be traced to a couple of sources. One of the versions accredits its invention to one of the Chinese sage kings named Yao, who was said to have set up a wooden pillar in order to allow the ordinary people to expose evil-doers, hence it was originally called a slander pillar. Later it ws reduced to a signpost, and now it serves as an ornament.

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Chinese Taiwan (Chinese Taiwan) is located on the continental shelf of the southeast coastof Chinese mainland, east facing the Pacific Ocean, [1] northeast of the RyukyuIslands, [2] south boundary bus Strait and Philippines archipelago, [3] WestChinese Taiwan Strait and Fujian Province, facing [4-5], with a total area of about 36thousand square kilometers, including Chinese Taiwan Island and Orchid Island, greenisland, Diaoyu Island and other 21 subsidiary islands and Penghu islands 64islands. Chinese Taiwan Island, with an area of 35798 square kilometers, is the largestisland in China [6-7], 7 of which is mountainous and hilly. The plains aremainly concentrated in the western coast, with great changes in terrain andaltitude. Because it is located at the junction of tropical and subtropicalclimate, the natural landscape and ecological resources are rich and diverse.With a population of about 23 million, more than 70% of them are concentrated inthe five western metropolitan areas, of which Taipei, the most important city,is the largest.

Chinese Taiwan is the largest island in Chinese Taiwan, including its own island and 21affiliated islands such as Lanyu, Lvdao and gouyu islands, and 64 islands inPenghu Archipelago, of which Chinese Taiwans own island covers an area of 35873 squarekilometers. At present, the so-called Chinese Taiwan region also includes islands suchas Jinmen and Mazu, which are close to the mainland. With a total area of 36006square kilometers, it is Chinas "multi island province". Chinese Taiwan island is longfrom north to South and narrow from east to west. It is 394 km in length fromnorth to South and 144 km in width from east to west.

阿里山位于阿里山在台湾省嘉义县东北，属于玉山山脉的支脉，由地跨南投、嘉义二县，是大武恋山、尖山、祝山、塔山等十八座山的总称，主峰塔山海拔二千六百多公尺，东面靠近中国台湾最高峰玉山。

阿里山空间距离仅十五公里，但由山下一层一层盘旋绕上山顶的铁路，竟长达七十二公里，连通各森林区的支线，总长度有一千多公里。沿途有八十二条隧道，最长的达一千三百公尺。火车穿过热、亚热、温、寒四带迥异的森林区。通阿里山的铁路可与“阿里四景”(日出、云海、晚霞、森林)合称“五奇”。铁路全长72公里，却由海拔30米上升到2450米，坡度之大举世罕见。火车从山脚登峰，似沿“螺旋梯”盘旋而上，绕山跨谷钻隧洞，鸟雀在火车轮下飞翔。登山途中，从高大挺拔的桉树、椰子树、槟榔树等热带古木，到四季常绿的樟、楠、槠、榉等亚热带阔叶树，再到茂密的红桧、扁柏、亚极和姬松等温带针叶树，到了3000米以上，则是以冷极为主的寒带林了。最有特色的树是阿里山的阿里山神木，不过在民国86年7月1日上午10时5分，1/3已伏于在铁路上，另2/3被撑着。民国87年6月29日已将2/3放倒安息，回归自然。

各位游客朋友大家好，首先我代表我们理想旅游社对大家的到来表示热烈欢迎，欢迎大家在这个秋高气爽的季节里来到焦作参观旅游。我是本次旅行的导游员小王。在旅行中，大家如果有什么意见或者建议，都可以向我们提出来，我们会虚心接受。我希望大家能够互相关心、爱护，为本次旅程留下一段圆满而美好的回忆。

我们将要游览的是云台山，云台山是国家五A级景区，景区面积190平方公里，包含泉瀑峡、潭瀑峡、红石峡、子房湖、百家岩、万善寺、仙苑、圣顶、叠彩峡、青龙峡等十大景点。

好了，游客朋友我们现在来到了云台山的第一大景点——红石峡。红石峡是云台山的精华。被风景园林专家称赞“自然山水精品廊。”游览需要一个半小时左右，请大家带好随身物品，注意安全。云台山导游词 首先，我们从红石峡的大门往里走，会看到形状各异的石头，现在是陡峭的山路，会让大家心惊胆战，请大家不要害怕。过了一线天桥，是由陡又窄的山路，再往前走，就到了黑龙洞，这个洞长三十米，洞内只有几盏小灯，会让我们觉得阴森森的，在洞内能听见水声哗哗的响，但只闻其声，不见其水。

红石峡的最大特点就是石头是红色的，这一点还有一个传说：相传从前红石峡住着九条龙，主要以黑、白两个龙王为首，一次两个龙王下棋，白龙输了，它不服气，黑龙大怒，便和白龙打了起来，龙血将满山的石头都染成了红色，那个棋盘就变成了棋盘石。这只是一个神话般的传说，而红石峡的石头是红色的，真正的原因是让我们体验了14亿年前震旦地壳运动所造成的遗迹。

好了，今天我就给大家介绍到这里，明天我将继续带领大家游览云台山的其它景点。接下来的时间，大家可以拍照留念，给自己留下永恒的回忆吧!

Dear tourists, Hello! Im your tour guide this time. Next, you are going tovisit the beautiful scenery of Mengcheng under my guidance. I hope you can havea good time in these three days and leave a good memory. My name is ZhangXiaokang. You can call me Zhang Dao or my name. There are several things to tellyou on the way to Mengcheng. I hope you remember that you must pay attention tosafety in the scenic area, and dont walk around. If you get lost, pleaseremember to call me. Ill pick you up. I hope you have a good time.

Next, Id like to introduce Mengcheng. Mengcheng County is located in thenorthwest of Anhui Province and the middle of Huaibei plain. It is a strategicplace in the Huaihe River Basin and a must for ancient military strategists. Itcovers an area of 2091 square kilometers, with 2.3 million mu of arable land. Itgoverns 15 towns, 2 offices, 1 Industrial Park and 1 forest farm, with apopulation of 1.32 million. Mengcheng is a famous historical and cultural cityin Anhui Province, the hometown of Zhuangzi. There are many cultural relics andscenic spots in Mengcheng, such as Zhuangzi temple, Confucian temple, Wanfopagoda, Sanxing street, baiyunan, East West Huaide bridge, etc. Niu Qun, afamous crosstalk artist, once held a temporary post as deputy county magistrate.Mengcheng is the hometown of couplets in China and a famous historical andcultural city at the provincial level. It is an open county approved by theState Council, a national experimental area for rural reform, and a national top100 forestry county.

Mengcheng Confucian temple, also known as Confucius Temple, was built inthe 21st year of the Yuan Dynasty (1284 AD). It was a place for offeringsacrifices to Confucius, performing rituals and running schools in feudaltimes.

From the front to the back of the Confucian temple are lingxingmen, panchi,Panchiao (to be built above), dachengmen and dachengdian. Lingxingmen is facingqingqujie, which means "walking in the clouds". There is a well in the southwestof lingxingmen, named Shengjing "Shengjing Ganquan", which is one of the eightsceneries of Mengcheng. Dachengmen is connected with Minghuan temple in the Eastand Xiangxian temple in the West. In front of Dacheng hall, there are two sideswith verandas. In the east of the hall is Jiexiao temple, and in the west isZhongyi temple. The east courtyard is Wenchang Pavilion, and the West courtyardis Minglun hall. Dacheng hall, formerly known as xianshuai hall, also known assage hall, is the main building of Confucian temple. The hall is five rooms wideand three rooms deep. It is a building with nine purlins, eighteen frames andforty-two eaves piers. It uses giant Chinese fir as pillars, and the cornicesare tilted. It is magnificent. The inside and outside of the hall are paintedwith heavy oil, carved beams and painted buildings. It is the most magnificentand well preserved ancient building in Huaibei area. Once upon a time, there wasa Confucius shrine in the middle of the hall, with eight characters on bothsides: Yan, Zeng, Xiao, Ti, Zhong, Xin, Li, Yi Lian and shame. Above the hallhung three plaques of Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlongs imperial book,namely "model of all ages", "people never have" and "participation in heaven andearth". The reading platform in front of the hall is more than one meter high,with a circle of white marble railings, and stone steps in the middle and onboth sides for people to climb. There are seven East and seven West corridors.For the gray tube hole covering the top, the garage was originally for Confucius3000 disciples, the west room was originally for the past dynasties Xianrutablets.

Dacheng gate, also known as halberd gate, is five rooms wide, which is thepassageway leading to Dacheng hall. In the east of the temple, the famousofficial Temple was used to drink for Su Shun, while Fengji and other officialshad political power in Mengcheng

In the west, the ancestral hall was originally for Zhuangzi, He Wei andother local sages.

Mengcheng is still the residence of Zhuangzi. There is Zhuangzi temple inMengcheng, but after the erosion of time, Zhuangzi Temple no longer exists. Theexisting Zhuangzi temple was built by Mengcheng County Government on the formersite of Zhuangzi temple in Song Dynasty, with a total area of 52 Mu and a totalconstruction area of 1086 square meters. The whole temple consists of two parts:ancestral hall complex and Wanshu garden. The main buildings are dashanmen,Yingbi, Shanmen, xiaoyaotang, guhengmen, Puchi, wuxiaoting, Guantai, Guanyubridge, mengdielou, Nanhua Jingge, dongxibeilang, daoshe, Hakka, etc. In May20__, Zhuangzi temple was officially listed as a national AAA touristattraction.

After talking about the scenic spots, lets talk about the localspecialties. There are many local delicacies, such as fried cake, Mengcheng SAsoup, beef jerky, hairy crab, jiulonggong noodles in Sanyi Town, etc. There aremany kinds. I believe you will have a good time. Dont forget to bring somelocal products to your friends when you leave. Well, its time to say goodbye toyou. I hope you have a good trip and have a good memory. Goodbye, everyone.

到了香港,澳门肯定不会放过。去了澳门,大三八牌坊当然也不容错失。

大三巴牌坊原本是一座大教堂。她先后几次着火，一烧就是上十个小时。最后一次就被烧成了现在这样。

为什么还有一面没有被烧毁呢?原来大三巴牌坊这是中国工匠和日本工匠运用鬼斧神功砌成的。我去看时，她已经很旧了。烧后几百年，原来的菩萨却还在。不知有多少个，仍然保留着他们的原貌。

大三巴牌坊边上，还有很多个地下室。不过现在都被泥土掩埋了。保安看守着它们，不准游人参观。所以我只能站在警戒线外，看着这满目苍凉的昔日城堡。地下室围着大三巴，她只有一面，象一堵墙。据说，她曾经是当时亚洲最豪华的教堂呢!

有幸站在这儿，看到如今只剩下一幢墙的大教堂，让我感触不已。历史悠久的古迹，如果她没有遭遇浩劫，现在应该是何等的宏伟壮观。

再来说澳门。澳门虽小—古迹俱全。在这个小小的地方，原只有4.7平方公里，现在埋海，扩大到28.4平方公里。可以说澳门是只有60个天安门广场那么大的城市，人口呢?有人会说，至少100万。不，澳门只有52万人口。而且澳门是一国两制。中国行使主权，澳门人自己管理自己。

总之，我们要保护古迹，保护古城。为我们的后代留下文明的卷宗。

为什么叫牛鼻山?牛鼻寨，山上有两个孔，活像牛鼻孔，故叫牛鼻山。首先请慢慢往前走，来到了迎宾亭，迎面而来的是一幅天然水画“银珠岩”，水珠似一颗颗闪亮的珍珠自上而下。

几经曲折，大家来到了陡岩脚下，迎面红霞赤壁如铁壁铜墙铁墙向人们压来，使人不禁心惊跳，悬崖上有一白色“天桥”，我们经过“天桥”便可来到“天下第一巷”，这是丹霞地貌创始人，着名地质学家、中医院院士陈国达1992年10月亲笔命名。沿石级小径而上仅能容一人侧身通过，两面石壁如刀壁斧削，全长238.8米，最宽处0.8米，最窄处0.33米，平均宽0.5米，巷道笔直，上下成弧形，真是“一夫当关，万夫莫开”，堪称天下一绝。

走出巷不远，横跨一清泉，此泉能使人心旷神怡，如果月夜巡游，就会出现“明月松间照，清泉石上流”的意境。前行不到200米，便来到三叉路口，左边是一天然崖洞，宽敞平整，是一个天然观景台。

登上“遇仙巷”，沿右面岩壁攀藤过巷，进入了一个幽静世界，花木丛生，小径穿上一道“穿岩”，人在其中，绕有情趣。右边则有“马蹄巷”、“翠竹巷”，两边翠竹掩映，给人一种轻松的感觉。

继续往前行便来到了一马鞍形石级小梯--揽月梯，最窄处只有26公分。走到谷底可以看到景外景的一隘口上有一个阴阳八卦阵。此时，前边的路纵横交错，若无人指引，很可能迷失方向。在猿人头的下前方，大家能清楚地看到一栋七层大厦，谓之“七层楼”。沿着数百级台阶便可进入桃源冲，你看这途中有一天然盆景“长寿树”。桃源冲，长满了翠竹，可以在此小憩。

底下有一个飞来石上“望月亭”，站在亭上，大家可以随视线一直往前看，正山中有一天然单拱石桥，也是“亚洲第二桥”，跨度45米，高20米，厚5米。如白练分系两头，分外美丽。

八角寨位于湖广交界，海拔818米，从远眺寨顶飞出八个犄角而得名。沿途要过三道门：第一道角门;第二道龙门;第三道便是寨门。走完1708个台阶便来到了一个平台，站在这个地方，双脚步可以分跳两个省。继续向前，便来到湘西南名刹--“云台寺”。八角寨的最佳去处在“龙头香”，站在“龙头香”上既可眺远处的“骆驼峰”、“书生流泪”、“骆驼接吻”尼姑庵，又可近观“仙人下棋”、“鲤鱼跃龙门”、“哪咤抽龙筋”。这就是世界奇观--天然油画“鲸鱼闹海”，生机勃勃令人回味。

杭州，像一座璀灿的明珠镶嵌在我国大地上。杭州，自古悠传着古代文明，比如：丝调之城。杭州，有着美丽的向征。

Hangzhou, like a brilliant pearl embedded in the earth in our country. Hangzhou, carefree to spread the ancient civilization since ancient times, such as: silk city. Hangzhou, a beautiful to sign.

我从椒江来到杭州，只是来表哥家来玩而已，车子开到了高速公路，看到了路的两旁，有一排排整齐的小松柏，地上看似没有任何垃圾。其实，你走在了地上，就发现只点点灰尘，因为有着清洁工，时刻清理垃圾，人人都知道：保护环境，人人有责。那高速公路就像横卧在大地上的一条龙。晚上这儿有许多公园，有着座位，你坐在这儿，观赏着这儿的美景，这就是美丽的杭州。

I came to hangzhou from jiaojiang, just come to my cousins house to play, the car drove to the highway, see the sides of the road, there are rows of neat little conifers, seemingly without any garbage on the ground. In fact, you go to the ground, found only a little dust, with cleaner, clearing up the rubbish, everyone knows: to protect the environment, everyone duty. The highway is lying on the ground of a dragon. At night there are many parks here, have a seat, you sit here and watch the beautiful scenery here, this is the beauty of hangzhou.

杭州，自古悠传着古代文明，我们来看下丝绸之地，我姑姑就在这儿工作，她是118号的，希望你们来他家坐客，欢迎光临。这个丝绸之城，有古代风格，屋子、门、衣服……都上古代文化风格，这些料都是上等好材料做的。这就是美丽的杭州。

Hangzhou, carefree to spread the ancient civilization since ancient times, well look at the land of the silk, my aunt is working here, she is 118, I hope you to his house to sit guest, welcome. The city of the silk, the ancient style, the house, door, clothes... All style in ancient culture, these materials are made of fine material. This is a beautiful hangzhou.

这就是杭州，美丽的杭州，值得欣赏，希望你们来杭州，欢迎来这儿做客!

This is hangzhou, the beautiful hangzhou, worthy of appreciation, I hope you come to hangzhou, welcome to visit here!