长城英语导游词简短经典20篇

大家好，我是成成旅行社的导游，我叫贾成哲，今天，由我来带领大家游览长城，请大家多多关照。今天，我带领大家去参观八达岭长城。很荣幸成为大家的导游。我先给大家介绍一下长城吧!

长城是世界闻名的奇迹之一。万里长城东起山海关，西至嘉峪关，跨群山，穿莽原，它是中华民族力量和智慧的结晶，它浓缩了五千年光辉灿烂文化的历史，它是中国血泪与文化史的结合。它是中华民族这条即将腾飞的巨龙的象征。

游客们，现在我们来到了长城脚下，让我们抬起头来，长城像蜿蜒的巨龙卧在连绵考虑周到伏之间，雄伟壮观。下面请大家随我一起登上长城，八达岭长城共有六个烽火台，这些烽火台可以在二到三小时之间，将消息报传到数千里以外的地方，烽火台分成两层，上层是暸望台，上层是士兵吃饭和睡觉的地方，那里有许许多多的士兵，一但发现敌人，便点燃烽火，将消息传到远方。

不知不觉，我们已来到了好汉城，不是说只有好汉才能登上的险坡，最后我们每个人都做了一回好汉，Lets go!

最后祝你们玩得开心愉快，愿雄伟壮观的长城能给大家留下一段美好的回忆。

After the Yellow Emperor united with Yan Emperor to defeat Chiyou, theleader of the Chinese tribal alliance became the common leader of the world,which made the Chinese nation step into the era of civilization from thebarbarian era. The great achievements of the Yellow Emperor were naturallyrespected and worshipped by later generations. After the death of the YellowEmperor, in order to express the nostalgia for this cultural ancestor, peopleset up tombs as mausoleums and temples to offer sacrifices in Qiaoshan. In thethousands of years after the death of the Yellow Emperor, the activities ofoffering sacrifices to the Yellow Emperor never stopped. In Yu, Xia, Shang,Zhou, Qin, Han, Sui, Tang, song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, the YellowEmperor was worshipped as an ancestor, except in some periods when he wasregarded as a "God" and "emperor".

After Qin Shihuang wiped out the six countries and unified the world, hestipulated that all the tombs of the emperor were called "mausoleums" and thecommon peoples tombs were called "tombs". In the Han Dynasty, it was stipulatedthat there must be a "Temple" beside the emperors mausoleum. At the beginningof the establishment of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bang, the emperor of the HanDynasty, issued an imperial edict to the whole world - "I pay great attention tothe ancestral temple and offer sacrifices.". Todays Gods sacrifice and thegods of mountains and rivers are worshipped, and the "Xuanyuan Temple" is builtat the West foot of the bridge. Later, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty personallyoffered sacrifices to the mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor. It is recorded inShiji, Volume 12, Chapter 12 of Xiaowu and Shiji, Volume 2, Volume 18, Chapter 6of Fengchan: "in the winter of the coming year, it is said that the ancientsfirst mobilized their troops and then Fengchan." Then he went to the north toinspect Shuofang, and killed more than 100000 soldiers. He also sacrificed tothe Yellow Emperor Zhongqiao mountain, and released his soldiers. " In thewinter of the first year of Yuanfeng (120__ BC), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynastyled 100000 troops to the north to visit Shuofang. When they returned, they madea special trip to Qiaoshan to offer sacrifices to the tomb of the YellowEmperor. This is the first record of the mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor inofficial history.

Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, due to the attention of the emperors ofvarious dynasties, the tombs have been enlarged.

In 770, the fifth year of emperor zongdali of Tang Dynasty, Zang Xilang,the festival envoy of Wenfang, wrote: "there is a Yellow Emperor Mausoleum inFangzhou. Please buy a temple and enjoy the sacrifice at four oclock. It islisted in the sacrificial ceremony". With the approval of emperor Daizong, theTang Dynasty started a two-year large-scale renovation activity in Qiaoling,building the Yellow Emperor Temple and planting 1140 cypress trees. Since then,offering sacrifices to the Yellow Emperor has been upgraded to a nationalceremony, and Qiaoling has become the only official place for offeringsacrifices to the Yellow Emperor. This not only helps to standardize the ritual,but also plays an objective role in strengthening political rule and culturalidentity.

After the wars in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, the tombsof the former emperors, including the mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor, hadappeared the situation of "being unable to help cutting wood". The "destruction"of sacrificial buildings makes normal sacrificial activities impossible.Therefore, as soon as Zhao Kuangyin ascended the throne, he issued two imperialedicts in the first year of Jianlong and the beginning of Qiande, stipulatingthat the mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor and the mausoleums of Yan Emperor, GaoXin, Tang Yao, Yu Shun and Xia Yu "each had five families in charge of themausoleum, and the ancestral temple of the spring and Autumn period had anethereal prison" and that those who destroyed it had to repair it. In the secondyear of Kaibao, due to the erosion of the Juhe River year after year, cliffcollapses and water collapses often occurred at the West foot of the bridge,threatening the survival of the temple. Local officials wrote to the imperialcourt, and song Taizu issued a decree to move Xuanyuan temple from the West footof the bridge to the Yellow Emperors palace at the east foot of the bridge,which is the present site.

女士们、先生们：

大家好，欢迎您来清西陵观光游览，我是导游员__，旅途中您有什么意见和要求尽管提出来，我愿竭诚为您服务，我们今天的日程是这样为大家安排的：首先参观泰陵,中午到行宫就餐，下午参观崇陵。

泰 陵

清西陵是中国最后一个封建王朝—清朝的陵墓建筑群之一，位于北京西南125公里处的河北省易县境内。在800平方公里的陵区范围内，建有帝陵、后陵、妃园寝、王爷、公主、阿哥园寝等十四座，还有行宫、永福寺两处附属建筑及衙署营房遗址，品种齐全、布局合理。陵区内保存有古松一万五千余株，这些树不但美化了西陵，而且可以避免外界风沙的侵袭和热气、寒流的影响，为西陵营造了一个特别的小气候，使陵寝处于一个独立完整的自然环境之中，使这里的建筑，得以很好地保存。清西陵的历史、文化艺术价值极高，在20__年11月30日被联合国教科文组织列入了《世界遗产名录》，在20__年1月11日被国家旅游局评为首批4A景区。

清西陵中，雍正皇帝的泰陵建筑最早、规模最大，堪称首陵。这是一处清朝盛世时期遗存下来的古建群体，从它的选址、规划，布局都反映出当时国家的强盛以及政局的稳定，在建筑用料、工程技术，传统工艺等方面也都非常考究。

当代建筑学家讲，泰陵是一处典型的风水宝地的模式。站在大红门前五孔桥上环顾四周，可以看到，北面有连绵起伏的永宁山，为靠山，酷似屏障。永宁山是太行山的余脉，与东陵的昌瑞山属于同一脉系，此山从山西过来，如巨龙横卧中原;大红门两侧的东、西华盖山为天然门户;九龙、九凤山为环护左、右的低岭;南面形态端庄的元宝山，为泰陵的朝山;在中间广阔的平原上座落着泰陵辉宏壮丽，错落有致的建筑群。易水河从五孔桥下流过，形成山映于水，水扶于山的格局。“陵制与山水相称，天人合一”的宇宙观在这里充分体现出来，同时又展示出古代建筑学家巧夺天工的高超艺术。正如美国景观建筑学权威西蒙德先生所说的：“埃及人是在他自己预定的一条不能改变的需求道路上一直走到底，中国人在他的世界里独自徘徊时有友好的大自然来引导他拜谒上天和祖坟。所以没有任何一个地方，风景会真正成为建筑艺术材料。”

泰陵的建筑布局也非常考究，完全依照帝王生前所居宫廷格局，按礼制的需要而规划设计。以神道为中轴线贯穿南北，主体建筑安排在中轴线上，一律座北朝南;地宫座落在中轴线的末端，居中当阳，其余建筑沿中轴线次第排开。这些建筑都以准确的尺度，适宜的体量，斑斓的色彩，灵活巧妙的手法进行配制和空间组合，使陵寝的纪念性、礼制性主题有条不紊地展开并不断深化。

石牌坊是泰陵最具特色的建筑之一，泰陵设三架，无论是从数量还是排列形式上都独具一格。一架面南、两各东西，与北面的大红门形成一个宽敞的四合院。三架牌坊的大小、规制完全一样，均由66块大小石料，仿木卯榫结合而成，每架牌坊高12.75米，宽31.85米，为五间六柱十一楼造型，全部用巨大的青白石打造，各个部位还雕有丰富的纹饰，画面布局合理，造型生动，雕工细腻，玲珑剔透，生机盎然。这在中国历代帝王陵墓中尚属孤品。成为清西陵列入世界文化遗产最具有价值的建筑之一。

整个陵区注重对门的处理，门既可作为出入之用，也可截断空间界面。大红门是进入陵区的总门户，单檐庑殿顶，看上去质朴、凝重、敦实、稳重，视若腾龙偃卧，镇守陵前。两侧有42华里的风水墙，逶迤延展，包护陵区，愈发显出大红门的庄严气派。

具服殿独成一院，是供后代皇帝、后妃来谒陵祭祖时更换衣服的场所，沿续明代拂座殿而建，殿内有净房，类似于现在的洗手间，内有绣花墩马桶。而今为了方便游人，在净房的旁边建有一座水冲厕所。

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圣德神功碑楼是记述皇帝生平功德的主要建筑之一，俗称大碑楼，建成于1739年，花费白银十三万一千五百两。大碑楼占地5.54亩，高26.05米，四面辟门，为重檐九脊歇山顶，稳中有变，富丽典雅。它座落在方形广场的正中，四角各有一根高12米的华表相衬，使碑楼显得更加庄严、肃穆、雄伟、壮观。四根华表的柱身均用整块石料雕成，呈圆柱形，直径1.5米，周身浮雕着朵朵云团，一条巨龙于云朵间盘绕柱身扶摇而上，带有呼之欲出的动态感。华表也叫擎天柱，又称墓表。起源于远古时代，初为木质，为纳谏而设，又叫诽谤木。在陵墓神道上设华表，在西汉时期就很流行，是木质华表，石刻华表在东汉时盛行。华表装饰着象征皇权的云龙图纹，作为皇家建筑的特殊标志，衬托出主体建筑的高大，使其更加宏伟壮观。

碑楼内，矗立着两统巨大的石碑，每统碑重56.55吨，碑身阳面用满汉两种文字镌刻着雍正皇帝生前的丰功伟绩，大约五千字，这是一部给雍正歌功颂德的重要资料。

绕过碑楼，是一座七孔石拱桥，这是清西陵四十九座桥梁中最长的，长107米，宽21米。(栏板上是二十四节气望柱头，又称火焰望柱头。柱头上有二十四条阴刻线，代表二十四节气。因为有河才有桥，而河位于田野之中，大地与田野不可分，与二十四节气有一定的关系，耕种、浇灌都离不开二十四节气。)像这样巨大而完美的石桥在中国是不多见的。它对于建筑物的布局组合起着连接作用，使组合群的层次明显，过渡自然，紧凑而不松散，同时也显示出一种庄严肃穆的气氛。

走下七孔桥，可见在神路的两侧对称排列着的雕刻精美的石望柱、石狮、石象、石马、武将、文臣等五对石像生。

望柱为六角形石柱，柱身雕流云纹饰，底部为六角形的须弥座。在宋代以前，石望柱置于墓道的最前面，为主要建筑，因为明、清陵时石牌坊作为陵墓前主要建筑，所以石望柱退居次要位置，纯属装饰。

石像生是设置在陵墓前的由石人石兽组成的石雕群，来显示死者生前的地位，身份。泰陵原来并未安设石像生，乾隆登基后，认为陵寝不设石像生，与典制不符，想在此泰陵增设石像生，而臣工们(风水大师：高其悼、洪文澜)则坚持：“泰陵甬道，系随山川之形势盘旋修理，如设立石像生，不能依其丈尺，整齐安设，而甬路转旋之处，必有向背参差之所，则于风水地形，不宜安设”。所以泰陵不设石像生并非违备典制，而是与风水有关。乾隆建议将大红门，龙凤门向南展拓，于是臣工们尊旨赴现场审核了原有计划并向乾隆奏议：“大红门正在龙蟠虎踞之间，护北面随龙升这旺气，纳南面特朝环抱之水，前朝后拱，天心十道，时天造地设之门户，不便展拓向外，况石像生之设，古制未详，无大关典礼之处，似可毋庸添设”。一言九鼎的天子，面对臣工的据理力争，也无可奈何，于是在奏折上批道：“知道了”。此事不了了之。事隔几年，乾隆旧事重提，最终在1748年，大臣拗不过皇帝，在泰陵前安设了五对石像生，这样就失去了龙凤门横陈为底景的依托，而又失去了石像生拱卫迎候于门前，聚巧形而展示的效果。所以泰陵石像生在所有建筑中是一个败笔，但由于臣工们极端负责的态度与皇帝的据理力争，所以也未伤及大雅。

蜘蛛山是泰陵的案山，据刘敦祯先生讲，此山系人工所为，可这里原有一座小山，又往上放了一些施工中剩下的废料。那么案山在陵区究竟起什么作用呢?因风水讲，无朝案遮拦未免飘散生气，所以案山会使陵区生气发越。

通向宝顶的引导大道—神道在里突然拐弯，是因为中国古建筑讲：贵含蓄，忌直接。

后面的建筑不能直接尽收眼底，应该慢慢展开，所以当我们漫步于弯弯曲曲的神道上，就好像置身于意向深远的空间环境氛围之中。

龙凤门是一座雍容华贵的建筑，为庑殿顶火焰式石牌坊柱门，黄色琉璃瓦的看面墙，墙下有宽厚敦实的洁白色须弥座，构成丰富细致，色彩斑澜、华丽富贵的形体，整座龙凤门充满了动势。高低错落的轮廓线，挺拔的石柱上雕刻云板、云墩和蹲龙，横直如矢的大小额坊和顶部火焰宝珠，看面墙上云纹腾龙的花心和岔角牡丹花叶，墙顶蓝绿色三彩斗拱所撑托的金色琉璃庑殿顶等等，都给人以丰富多彩，引人入胜的感受。龙凤门的近形风姿与远视气魄巧妙溶汇，相登相生，出神入化，给人以丰富的视觉艺术感受，不愧是古代哲匠的精心杰作。

三孔桥虽没有七孔桥那么宏大，但工匠师们都把它建造的小巧玲珑，优美动人，将两侧的栏板用优雅的券形曲线组合。站在三孔桥上驻足观看，陵寝宫殿群在紫色的永宁山衬托下，同时向东西两翼逶迤延展，把一种统一性的内涵，一种非同凡响的稳重、宁静、庄严肃穆的气氛，充分体现出来。

三路九孔桥并肩横跨于最后一座马槽沟上，除自然形成的三条河以外，后两道是人工开凿而成，山陵环境质量的完善非常注重对水的处理。水对于大地来说为血脉，能够造就大自然的钟灵毓秀，使生气发越;水还可以界分空间，形成丰富的空间层次及谐和的环境组合，而且山水相得如方圆中之规矩，山水相济如堂室之门户。因此陵区所有随桥泊岸，酌量地势修理，不使浸湿地宫;修筑堤坎，而且也使水流弯环，免其激射有声，破坏宁静的山陵气氛。所以马槽沟弯如飘带，柔如轻纱，造成“来宜曲水向我，去宜盘旋顾恋”的水势。充分体现出水对帝穴的留恋之情。所以陵区一山一水皆有义，一草一木总关情。

神厨库是座东朝西的小院，内建神厨。神库和省牲亭等建筑，是祭祀时制作和存放各种肉食品的地方。

神道碑亭又称小碑楼，内矗立皇帝谥号碑，重檐歇山，黄色琉璃瓦覆顶，四角翘飞，形式与大碑楼相仿，但规模缩减了二分之一左右。内竖一统石碑，用满、汉、蒙三种文字刻写着雍正皇帝谥号。

东、西朝房是为祭祀准备奶茶和瓜果的地方，又叫茶膳房，是根据关外奶房，果房的遗制而制造的。

东、西班房均为布瓦卷棚顶，为值班房，也叫守护房。清代皇帝继位之后，便大兴土木，耗费大量的人力、物力、财力为之修陵筑墓。因而皇陵的保护便成为重要任务，这一任务由深受皇帝信任的八旗兵来担负。他们采用换班的方法沿着陵院外的更道昼夜巡逻。如阴雨天气可在值班房内躲避休息。

隆恩门是进入宫殿区的门户，是整个陵寝组合群引导建筑的结束与主体建筑的开始。两侧是宽厚高大的朱红围墙，把宫殿区的所有建筑包围起来，使其形成结构严谨的两层院落。

焚帛炉，又叫燎炉，是为皇帝祭祀时焚烧五色纸和金银锞的地方。炉高4米，单檐歇山顶，周身用黄琉璃瓦构件制成，炉基为须弥座。炉内四壁及上下均为铁板，下面是三个铁槽，顶部两角各有一出烟孔，底座下部两侧各有一扒灰口。整座建筑比例适中，色调合协，雍容华贵，精巧秀致。

东配殿是存放祝板和制帛的地方，同时又是临时存放神牌的地方。每当大修隆恩殿时，帝、后的神牌就移到这里安放，在维修期间如遇上祭祀，也在此进行。西配殿则是喇嘛念经的地方，每当帝、后忌辰大祭之日，由永福寺派十三名喇嘛到此念经，为死去的皇帝超度亡灵。

正面的隆恩殿是陵寝地面建筑中最重要的建筑，为祭祀的主要场所。整座建筑建在巨大的汉白玉基座上，面阔五间、进深三间，重檐歇山式建筑，黄色琉璃瓦盖顶，显得庄严肃穆。其建筑结构非常牢固，所有的木件全部采用卯榫对接形式，梁、柱、檀、椽结合不死板禁锢，有灵活移动的余地，具有很强的防震功能。在发生强烈地震时，榫卯之间具有活动性能，将外部力量缓冲分解，震后仍可恢复原位。因此雍正八年以来的多次地震和一九七六年的唐山大地震，都没使清西陵的大木结构受到显著破坏，充分显示了中国古代工匠高超的建筑水平。

三座门也叫琉璃花门，中门比较高大，两侧墙上有琉璃岔角花和中心花，檐端用琉璃斗拱装饰。这种门占地面积较小，看上去显得较厚重，图案丰富，雍容华贵，具有很好的艺术效果。而且材料非常坚硬，耐高湿，有一劳永逸之功效。两侧分别接卡墙。阻隔南北，使宫殿区形成两层院落。清代建筑学家，不仅注重陵区单体建筑的形象与外观，而且更注重了它们之间的关系，组群布局发展到了登峰造极的地步，这种组群布局的实现依靠门户和墙体，将各单体建筑有效地组合分割，形成一个个院落，并将院落形成复杂的整体给人“庭院深深深几许”的意境。

二柱门横跨神道，石柱上架额坊，建筑形式为斗拱夹山顶。作为方城明楼的屏障。清朝前五代皇帝陵寝都在三座门以后建二柱门，自道光以后则裁撤，因为建筑中缩短了三座门与方城明楼之间的距离。

石五供是一组象征永久性祭祀的供品。基座是由三块巨石雕成的须弥座，这是我国传统建筑的台基样式，上面刻有八仙、八宝、八卦、琴棋书画等图案，所有这些都象征着吉祥如意，对研究中国古代的雕刻艺术有很好的参考价值。明楼属于纪念性的建筑物，高高地耸立在方城之上，使人置身于仰崇桥山的氛围之中，它与朱红色的墙体、金黄色的瓦顶与湛蓝的天空构成了一幅绚丽的画卷。

当我们踏上明楼在向南方远眺时，心中升起一种无比自豪的感觉。正前方五里之外的东西华盖山，九龙九凤山形成的自然门户，郁郁葱葱的古松树弥漫于30里内外，座座殿宇、桥梁、门房、树木山川疏密相间，错落有致，气势北京的故宫、颐和园、承德的避暑山庄，明十三陵大有过之无不及。清陵在中国建筑史上留下了辉煌的一页，是中华民族的骄傲，是世界人民的骄傲，所以英国著名科学家里约瑟说：“皇陵在中国建筑制式上是一重大成就，它整个图案的内容也许就是整个建筑部分与风景艺术相结合的最伟大的例子”。雍正在选定易州境内天平峪时，说这里是：“乾坤聚秀之区，阴阳合会之所，龙穴砂石，无美不收，形势理气，诸吉咸备”的风水宝地。而历经180年，十四座陵寝完工以后，自然景观又加之人文景观，就形成了：“山自太行来，巍峨耸拔，脉秀力丰，峻岭崇岗，远拱于外，灵岩翠岫，环卫其间，迄下山岗无数，如手之有指，每两岗之平坦开拓处诸陵在焉，花之瓣，笋之箨，层层包护”，的人间胜境，是“龙蟠风翥，源远流长，左右回环，前后拱卫，实如金城玉笋的秀美风光”。

朋友们，到次为止，西陵的参观就告一段落，谢谢大家的合作，请您留下宝贵的意见，真诚的欢迎您的再次光临，祝大家归途愉快，再见!

昌 陵

昌陵位于泰陵西侧1公里处，葬有嘉庆皇帝和孝淑睿皇后，自1796年开始修建到1803年峻工，距今已有190多年的历史。

昌陵是东、西陵中较有特色的一座，是研究清代陵寝制度不可多得的实物见证。在清代所有陵寝中昌陵是唯一一处由太上皇选定的陵址。1796年，乾隆在当满了60年皇帝之后，履行自己继位之初的诺言，让位于嘉庆，自己当上了名副其实的太上皇，并根据自己曾有谕旨：“嗣后吉地，各依昭穆次序;在东、西陵界内分建”。把自己在泰陵西侧1公里处选定的陵址赐给了儿子嘉庆。这对嘉庆来说是一种莫大的殊荣，同时也体现出太上皇的威严。

嘉庆皇帝是清朝入关后第五代皇帝，为乾隆的第十五子，37岁继承皇帝位，但仍由乾隆皇帝训政。嘉庆四年，太上皇驾崩，此时40岁的嘉庆才有了实权，而大清帝国也已从鼎盛的巅峰跌落下来，开始走下坡路。当时清王朝已危机四伏，内创累累。嘉庆皇帝在这种情况下，能够励精图治，革除弊政，全力维持祖宗留下的基业。但却墨守成规，遵循守旧，所以一生中没有什么特殊的政绩，昌陵正是在这样的背景下建造起来的。

尽管如此，昌陵的建筑规模与规制仍能与泰陵相媲美，除没有石牌坊、大红门、具服殿和七孔桥外，其它建筑的种类与式样均等同。而宝顶比泰陵宝顶还要高出数尺，圣德神功碑楼与隆恩殿也比泰陵的更为壮观。

昌陵隆恩殿的地面更独具特色，全部采用珍贵的紫花石铺墁。紫花石，产于河南，每块62厘米见方，呈正方形，磨光烫蜡，不滑不涩，缝细如线，平亮如砥，石面呈黄色，缀以天然形成的紫色花纹图案。其状如竹笋、似春蚕、若芙蓉、像绒球，千姿百态，在阳光照耀下，似满堂宝石，熠熠生辉，令人叹为观止，所以昌陵有“满堂宝石”之称。

隆恩殿内东暖阁的佛楼仍保持着当初的模样，其它各帝陵隆恩殿的佛楼，经过战争的毁坏，只剩下空间，唯独这座佛楼至今整体完好。佛楼分下、下两层，上层有木雕垂花，精湛优美，涂金闪亮;下层有木制边饰，朱红底色，鲜丽耀眼。按清代建陵规制，东暖阁均为佛楼，佛龛里供奉着金、银、玉、翠的佛像。

据现存的“雷氏图纸”中考证，昌陵地宫结构比泰陵还要宏大，雕刻也十分精美，为“四门九券”，且有佛像经文雕刻。与现已开放的清东陵境内乾隆的裕陵地宫规模装饰相近。而裕陵地宫为现已考证的清帝陵地宫中最为壮观、珍贵的一座，既是一座不可多得的石雕艺术宝库，又是一座庄严肃穆的地下佛堂。同样昌陵地宫也具有诱人的魅力，券顶外的宝顶封土内也有石雕，其结构造型与陵寝宫殿的瓦脊、勾滴等相同，先按地面建筑的要求营造好地宫，然后再覆土掩埋。形成清代皇帝陵寝地宫结构中独具特色的风格。

慕 陵

慕陵位于陵区的最西端，始建于一八三一年，完工于一八三五年，内葬道光皇帝及孝穆、孝全、孝慎三个皇后。慕陵建筑面积虽没有泰陵那样广阔，建筑也不如泰陵那样宏伟，布局更不如泰陵那样完善，但它那别出新裁的设计以及独特的建筑手法，却成为清代帝王陵寝中绝无仅有的艺术珍品。

按照乾隆开创的父、子分葬，选定东、西的“兆葬之制”，道光皇帝应该在清东陵境内选选址建陵，所以道光于1821年即位后，花费了七年的时间在东陵的宝华峪营建了陵墓，但后因施工质量问题，造成地宫浸水。于是道光皇帝便下令拆掉原陵，又于1831年来西陵祭祖之际亲自选定了一块高平之地—龙泉峪作为自己的万年吉地，第二次营建了陵墓。

这次建陵，道光皇帝一改其它帝陵的建筑特点，裁撤了石像生、圣德神功碑楼、方城明楼等项建筑，而且主体建筑的三大殿全部采用昂贵的金丝楠木制作，不施彩绘，保持了木本色。外面烫蜡。虽看起来不是那么富丽堂皇，但却赋予人们古朴，典雅的感觉。最令人惊叹的是在三座殿的门窗膈扇、梁柱、雀替、天花、藻井上布满了形态各异的木雕龙，尤其天花板上都以高浮雕的手法制成向下府视的龙头，有的地方还采用高出平面半尺有余的透雕手法。走进殿内，举目上望，但见龙头济口，张口鼓腮，栩栩如生。整个雕刻构思严谨，线条流畅，刀法娴熟，制作精巧，形象生动，充满着详和气氛，成为稀世珍品。使人仿佛来到了一座雕龙博物馆，难怪有人说：“慕陵是座雕刻艺术的殿堂”。

隆恩殿后面的三座门由一架天然汉白玉石牌坊代替，牌坊正中刻有“慕陵”二字，背面刻有道光皇帝亲笔诛谕：“敬瞻东北，永慕无穷，云山密尔。呜呼!其慕与慕也”。依清朝规制，帝、后陵名一般由后继皇帝钦定，但是慕陵名称却是道光皇帝生前亲自默定。道光十五年，他来西陵谒陵，顺便阅视了正在修建的陵寝工程，并赴隆恩殿至孝穆、孝慎梓宫前奠酒，而后立于月台上，仰望东北方感慨地写下了这道诛谕。道光驾崩后，咸丰即位，重读诛谕，见“其慕与慕也”一句，便心领神会，于是立刻命雕工把“慕陵”二字雕于牌坊之上。

无论从规划布局，还是建筑风格方面，慕陵处处体它的独到之处，成为清朝入关后皇帝陵寝建筑中的珍品。

崇 陵

崇陵是中国封建皇帝最后一座陵墓，始建于1909年，完工于1915年，内葬光绪皇帝和孝定景皇后。

崇陵工程是在光绪皇帝死后第二年才开始修建的，这与清朝建陵典制完全不符，大清皇帝在承袭了明代陵墓制度的同时，又不断完善陵寝制度，不仅活着的时候讲究安逸奢侈，而且死后在建筑陵寝上也要表示出至高无尚的尊贵地位。所以生前就选好陵址，并建好陵墓。

据考证，崇陵陵址是在光绪十三年(1887年)选定并定陵名，但由于当时的清王朝国库空虚，外债累累，加之光绪和慈禧之间形成了尖锐的矛盾和斗争，陵寝的营建就不可能了。直到1909年，光绪死后第二年，崇陵工程才开始动工修建，其间又值1911年辛亥革命爆发，工程被迫停止。1912年，末代皇帝溥仪向民国宣布退位时，向民国政府提出了八项优待皇室条件，其中第五条要求：“德宗崇陵未完工程，如制妥修。其奉安典礼仍如旧制，所有实用经费均由中华民国支付”。1913年春，民国政府根据这一条件，经协商之后立即拨款，并于1915年全部完工。

崇陵在建筑规模上比其它帝陵均小，没有大碑楼、石像生、二柱门等项建筑，但基本上沿袭了明、清两朝的陵寝制度，并集清代各陵的建筑经验于一体，采用先进的建筑技术，用料考究，主要建筑的三大殿全部采用质地坚硬的铜藻、铁藻木料构成，素有“铜梁铁柱”之称。隆恩殿内的四根明柱采用沥粉贴金盘龙装饰，为皇帝陵中的独到之处。檐下增设了通风孔，可使殿内空气流通，以防木料腐朽。就其建筑群体而论，设有较完备的排水系统，宫殿四角设有散水坡，便于雨水的排放。明楼与三座门前分别挖砌了御带河，地宫内凿有十四个漏水眼与之相通，为地宫排水之用。

崇陵虽建于清末民初，但建筑规制仍宏伟壮观。在众多的建筑物中，地宫工程最为浩大，崇陵地宫如同其它帝陵的地宫一样，为拱券式石结构建筑，共有四门九券。墓道全长63.19米，面积349.95米，空间2170.65立方米。四道石门是地宫的重要组成部分，每扇石门上浮雕菩萨立像一尊，佛像大小与真人差不多，各个头戴佛冠，身披伽裟，足蹬莲花座，手持法器，分别代表力量、智慧、愿望、富贵等。过了四道门便是地宫九券中最大的一个券—金券，这里是地宫的主体建筑，高大宽敝，内有宝床，上面安放着皇帝、皇后的梓宫。

1938年，一伙不明身份的军人盗掘了崇陵地宫，1980年由政府将其清理并对外开放。虽然崇陵地宫没有乾隆的裕陵地宫那样规模宏大，雕刻精美，但它却成为研究晚清皇帝陵寝地宫规制的实物见证。

昌西陵

在清西陵境内共有三座皇后陵，分别为泰东陵、昌西陵和慕东陵，其中泰东陵，无论从规模、规制上都是清代后陵中的姣姣者，而昌西陵在这些方面却无法与之媲美，但它却形成了自己独到的建筑风格。在中国古建筑中只有两处回音壁，一处是天坛，而另一处以是昌西陵。

昌西陵始建于1851年，完工于1853年，内葬嘉庆的孝和睿皇后，清朝从康熙初期开始，皇后薨于皇帝之后，便另选陵址，不再合葬帝陵地宫，而且陵寝不再另立陵名，而按皇帝陵寝所处方位而定，因其陵寝在昌陵西侧，所以定陵名为昌西陵。

与其它皇后陵寝比起来，昌西陵的规制大为缩减。主要裁撤了方城明楼，缩减了隆恩殿和配殿的规制，隆恩殿由重檐歇山顶，面阔五间，改为单檐歇山，面阔五间，并裁撤了大殿及月台周围的石栏杆，不设丹陛石，配殿由五间改为三间。隆恩门也由五间改为三间，陵寝门的两个角门由带门楼改为随墙门，与妃园寝的园寝门一样。

尽管昌西陵规制大为缩减，较前代皇后陵大为逊色，但也有其独特和值得称道的地方。

昌西陵有回音壁。和其它陵寝一样，昌西陵后围墙也是弧形墙在陵寝建筑中叫罗圈墙，就可听到很大的回声，其形式和原理与北京天坛的回音壁一样，因此人们把昌西陵的罗圈墙也称作回音壁。

除回音壁以外，这里还有一块回音石，那就是宝顶前面倒数第七块条石。站在这块石头上讲话，就能听到比原声大十倍或数十倍的回声，所以人们称它为回音石，这种奇特的回音壁和回音石现象的出现，是声学原理和古代建筑形式的巧合。声波的波长肯定小于围墙半径，声波以束状沿墙连续反射前进，使声音像打电话般清晰地传到对方耳中。

正是由于昌西陵的独到的建筑风格，使它对游人产生了无可替代的魅力，同时也对研究古代建筑提供了不可多得的实物例证。

不难看出，清西陵是一部清朝历史的写照，体现了中国历代帝王陵寝的最高水准，更是一部精美的艺术杰作，座座陵寝都反映出清朝的历史文化，建筑文化，生态文化和风水文化。成为自然环境与陵寝建筑相结合的最伟大的例子。

朋友们，我们今天的旅游到此结束了，谢谢大家的合作，请您留下宝贵的意见，真诚的欢迎您的再次光临，祝大家归途愉快，再见!

The main park of balihe scenic spot is located in Nanhu Park of balihe inYingshang County, including "world scenery", "Splendid China" and "Bibo touristarea", covering an area of 3600 mu. Enter the gate of "Splendid China" and cometo the Suzhou style garden, where the green willows are dancing and the flowersare blooming; the artificial rockery is superb; and the corridor built by thelotus pond is full of ups and downs. I really doubt that I have arrived inSuzhou, which is known as heaven.

"Flying down 3000 feet, it is suspected that the Milky way is falling intothe nine sky", which is used to describe the "nine sky waterfall" on the southside of the splendid Chinese garden. Jiutian waterfall is 90 meters long and 20meters high, plus 9 meters. The 9-meter-high statue of Avalokitesvara and itsbase are about 32 meters high. 9 meters, three-dimensional frame 1750 meters.From afar, the waterfall is magnificent and impressive. The 9.9-meter-high audioand video of the spectators, standing on the rockery, can be called a unique. Itis believed that Li Bais poetry will flourish when he comes here. "If you dontget to the Great Wall, you are not a hero". You can also climb the great wallhere. "Zhanggong mountain" stands near the lake, and the majestic "Great Wall"hovers up, which is full of the charm of the scenery outside the great wall;climbing the beacon tower, you can enjoy the outstanding beauty of Nanhu Park."Splendid China" also has nine dragon walls, white monk temple and otherattractions, which combines the characteristics of Oriental architectural artand blend the essence of Chinese traditional culture.

Walk out of "Splendid China Gate" and come to "Bibo tourist area". On the3000 mu lake, there are 12 islands, connected by soft and hard bridges. Throughthe exciting and frightening Buyun bridge, you can reach the lake embankment.More than 30 small wooden houses and some animal houses are dotted on the islandaround the lake. The peacocks on the dyke are strolling leisurely with theirgorgeous tails; groups of black swans in the lake are floating on the water, asif enjoying their own beautiful shadows; wild ducks and mandarin ducks areplaying in the water; the bird island in the middle of the lake is a paradisefor birds, with luxuriant trees, birds, geese singing and crane dancing.According to the guide, a large number of migratory birds from the south areattracted here every year. Due to the good environment, climate and waterquality, they will not fly away. On the other island, there is a birdsongforest, which is covered with glue woven net, raising nearly 100 species ofbirds, including Green Peacock, white tailed sea eagle, etc., which are thefirst-class national protected animals; Mandarin Duck, red bellied Caragana,etc., which are the second-class protected animals.

From south to north, Seal Island, YEMA island and HEMA island are on thewest side of the lake embankment, and guishe island is on the north side of theoffice area. There are two islands in the east of the lake, boar island in theSouth and deer island in the north. In Seal Island, seals roll and play in thewater, and some tourists praise their vigorous swimming posture from time totime. In Hippo Island, a big Hippo eats more than 300 Jin of grass a day, whichis amazing.

Balihe scenic spot is just like the holy land of Taoyuan and Penglaifairyland. It is a pure land for people living in noisy cities for a longtime.

The vast lake, the beautiful park, the birdsong forest, the Lianxin bridgeand the resort are all poetic and picturesque. Chinese and Western architecturecomplement each other with exquisite creativity and neat layout. Balihe scenicspot not only has landscape architecture, but also abounds in more than 30 kindsof aquatic products such as Wuchang fish, mandarin fish, turtle, silver carp,eel, etc. It is not only the habitat of 136 species of birds and waterfowls, butalso an important production base of rare fishery products in Northern Anhui,Fuyang water resources reserve and provincial Wetland Nature Reserve. Balihetown was awarded "global top five hundred" by the United Nations in 1994.

Balihe scenic spot is the gift of nature, balihe scenic spot is the wisdomcrystallization of balihe people. The main park, which covers an area of 3600mu, was originally a swamp. Under the leadership of Zhang Jiawang, the Secretaryof the town Party committee, the industrious and intelligent balihe people,after years of hard work, have turned the barren beach into an oasis and thedepression into a park.

Good morning, everyone. Did you have a good rest last night? Today we allrely on our blessings to bring us luck. We havent seen rime for a few days.This morning, we are finally full of branches. Hearing is believing, seeing isbelieving. Now lets go to the shilijiandi to see Jilin rime, one of Chinasfour natural wonders. Its about ten minutes journey from our internationalhotel to Shili river bank. Let me introduce the formation of rime.

Jilin rime with its "spring in winter" poetic beauty. Together with Guilinmountains and waters, Yunnan Shilin and the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River,they are known as Chinas four natural wonders. In Jilin Province, we usuallycall rime "tree hanging". It is a kind of meteorological landscape formed by fogand water vapor freezing when it is cold. It can be divided into granular andcrystalline. Jilin rime belongs to crystalline type. It can only be formed inthe weather with water vapor, temperature below - 25 ° C and no more than thethird wind. Because of the harsh conditions for its formation, it is listed asone of the four natural wonders in China. Some of the group members here wouldlike to ask why such a marvelous natural rime spectacle can be formed in JilinCity? This is because there is a Songhua River in Jilin City, the only riverthat does not freeze in winter. Oh, the group friend asked, "we just came fromHarbin, why is the Songhua River frozen there?" this is because the famousFengman Hydropower Station is 15 kilometers upstream from the Songhua River inJilin City. Every winter, the water temperature of the river rises and warms upthrough the huge water turbine generator set, and it is still around 4 ° C.Therefore, although the Songhua Lake is covered with ice for thousands of miles,it looks like a mirror However, the river water under the lake carries a hugeamount of heat energy and flows through the urban area for tens of kilometerswithout freezing. A large amount of water vapor evaporates from the unfrozenriver surface. When it is cold, the air pressure forms a miraculous winter fog.With the help of the fog, water vapor condenses on the pines and weeping willowson both sides of the river under suitable natural conditions, forming aworld-famous rime spectacle.

Careful group members have found that the trees on both sides of the roadtoday are different from those of yesterday. The black bark was still exposedyesterday, but it has turned white today. Yes, this is the tree hanging. Itsjust that there is less fog in the urban area, so there is only one layer on thetree, which is far worse than the scenery of the riverbank. Are some of thegroup members anxious to get to the riverside immediately. In the morning, agroup friend asked me why I got up at dawn. This is because the beautiful rimedoes not appear every day, and the appreciation is divided into three stages,which are called "watching the fog at night, watching the hanging in themorning, and enjoying the falling flowers near noon".

"Watching fog at night" is to see the fog scene on the river on the eve ofrime formation. At more than 10 oclock in the night, there began to be wisps offog rising on the river, and then it became bigger and thicker. The big whitefog rolled up from the river and kept flowing to the river bank. Some fog likewisps of fine sand, winding in the river bank old trees; some fog like clouds,floating in the space; more fog like cotton ball, constantly climbing highcotton mountain. At this time, the middle Songjiang Road is wrapped in thickfog, high-rise buildings appear and disappear in the fog, and the lights becomecomplicated, making people feel like they are in the sky above nine days. Thewinter fog permeates Jiangcheng, which is also one of the wonders of northernChina.

"Morning watch hanging" means getting up early to watch the tree hanging.Fog constantly attached to the trees, overnight, in front of the trees willbecome a sea of silver, willows like jade branches hanging, clusters of pineneedles like silver chrysanthemum in full bloom, the river breeze blowing,silver needles flickering, jade chrysanthemum swaying; when the Easts dawncasts red light into the forest, the thousands of forms of rime is more crystalclear and colorful. Rime in the folk also has a "dream send" reputation. Itmeans that when people are still sleeping, God has sent the crystal clear pearflowers all over the sky. As Tang Dynasty poet Cen Shen said: "suddenly like aspring breeze, thousands of pear trees bloom.".

When you get up in the morning, you can feel that todays weather isparticularly sunny and the air is particularly fresh. This is probably becausethe water flow in the fog has a purifying effect on the air, so I asked you towatch the beautiful tree hanging with me in the early morning and breathe thefresh air by the way.

Many Chinese and foreign tourists marvel at the beauty of the tree afterseeing it. On January 9, 1990, when Jiang Zemin, then president of the peoplesRepublic of China, visited Jilin city to watch the rime of Jilin Province, hesaid with admiration: "the cold river snow willow, Yushu Qionghua, Jilin treehanging are worthy of the name."

Although the rime is beautiful, it can only last for a few hours, "untilnoon to enjoy the falling flowers", that is, the scene when the tree hangingfalls off. Generally at about 10 am, the hanging trees begin to fall off one byone, and then fall in clusters. When the breeze blows off the silver flakesflying in the air, the bright sunlight shines on it, the background of the skyis particularly blue, and the snow flakes open into colorful snow curtains inthe air, slowly floating down and scattering white on the ground. At this time,walking on the Songjiang Road, under the sun, blue sky and white snow, peoplelet the trees fall on their heads. Through the snow curtain, people can see theSonghua River running like a drill. The high-rise buildings, floating floats andcolorful costumes make the tourists look very fresh. What they see in winter isa picture of pear blossom in spring.

Well, having said so much, we are going to get to the best place to watchWusong, Songjiang middle road. Now look at the large-scale sculpture in front ofyou. This is the city standard of Jilin City - rowing man. It is carved fromgranite and has four big characters "torrent bravely marching" on it. Yesterday,I told you about the history of Jilin City. In the Qing Dynasty, Jilin city wasa famous shipyard in China. Remember, choosing "rower" as our city logo is asymbol of the city spirit of Jilin City.

Now you can see that the Gothic building with a layer of snow in the treehanging on the right side is the Catholic Church. It was built by French priestPaul in 1917 and took nine years to complete. Its main body is composed of thechurch and the bell tower. The towering sky is a scene in the rime by theriver.

Please wear your hats and gloves and follow me to this beautiful rimespectacle. You can hold up your camera and take a picture of the rime sceneryand keep it in your memory, because the rime scenery is not only of Jilin, butalso of China and the world.

游客们大家好，今天由我来带领大家参观长城。

瞧，远看长城它像一条长龙，在崇山峻岭之间蜿蜒盘旋。从东头的山海关到西头的嘉峪关，有一万三千多里。

现在我们已来到长城脚下。这一段长城修筑在八达岭上，它高大坚固，是用巨大的条石和城砖筑成的。城墙顶上铺着方砖，十分平整，像很宽的马路，五六匹马可以并行。城墙外沿有两米多高的成排的垛子，垛子上有方形的?望口和射口，供?望和射击用。城墙顶上，每隔三百多米就有一座方形的城台，屯兵的堡垒，打仗的时候，城台之间可以互相呼应。

现在我们站在了长城上，踏着脚下的方砖，扶着墙上的条石，你会很自然地想起古代修筑长城劳动人民来。单着这数不清的条石，一块有两三千斤重，那时候没有火车，汽车，没有起重机这陡峭的岭，就靠着无数的肩膀无数的手，可想当时的劳动人民是多么伟大。

这样气魄雄的工程，世界历史上可是一个伟大的奇迹啊!

难道长城的雄伟壮丽，那莽莽苍苍的雄资不让我们深深陶醉吗?接下来就让大家自己去细细体会吧。

暑假，妈妈带我去长城游玩，那里有连绵起伏的山峦和清新的空气等等……，让人感到心旷神怡，长城嵌在山中，山峦一起一伏，像波浪在波动。长城伴随着山中的一草一木和中国古代人民的智慧和劳动的结晶!啊!那见证了中国不是懦弱的，而是伟大的，长城代表了中国古代的辉煌业绩，中国人的力量和智慧是无穷的!

开始爬后我发现长城很难爬，特别是爬起来后会有一种阻力，要让你使出更大的力气的力气和毅力才能继续爬。

爬了一会后，我们到了好汉碑前，在那休息了一会后，我们又继续爬。

越往上爬，我发现人越来越多，最终，我们堵在一个台阶上，上也上不去下也下不来只能呆在原位不动，我突然想了一个问题：“为什么天气那么热还有那么多人来呢?”原来因为长城是世界奇观，而且，长城是宇航员在太空能看见的建筑之一，而且长城是中国的智慧结晶，身为中国人，怎么会不为中国古代人的力量而感慨呢? 中国是中国人的摇篮，赖以生存的地方，为了防止外敌侵入，长城为我们立下了汗马功劳，而我在长城上却看到人们写某某某着到此一游，这不是损坏我们保卫祖国的“大将”，虽然现在长城“抵抗力”弱了，不中用了，怎么能把好端端的长城用来糟蹋吧!为此我感到很震愤!

啊!长城，你是我们国家的心血，你是我们祖国和平的象征!

北京密云司马台长城旅游导游词范文

司马台长城始建于明洪武初年，又经蓟镇总兵戚继光和总督谭伦加固。下面第一范文网小编为大家带来北京密云司马台长城旅游导游词范文，希望对你有所帮助!

北京密云司马台长城旅游

各位旅客朋友们：

大家好!

司马台长城位于北京东北部120公里的险关重镇古北口境内，此段长城始建于明洪武初年，是一段偏离原北齐长城基础的明长城，也是至今仍保留代长城原貌的一段古长城。

司马台长城，全长5.4公里，敌楼35座。整段长城构思精巧、设计奇特、构思新颖、形态各异，它集万里长城众多特色于一地，形成一段“奇妙的长城”。

综观司马台长城，可用“险、密、全、巧、奇”五字概括。险：司马台长城沿刀削斧劈似的山脊修筑，蜿蜒曲折，惊险无比，尤其是天梯和天桥两段，更是险中有险。天梯是单面墙长城，坡陡墙窄，最窄处不足半米，呈直梯壮沿山体上升，两侧更是陡峭悬崖，置身其上，俯首下望，令人目眩。天梯顶端，便是天桥，长不逾百米，宽只有一砖，约40厘米左右，两侧又是悬崖绝壁，令人不寒而栗，英雄气短，游客把这儿称作咫尺天涯。虽然名为天桥，但到这里的人们却都说：“过桥难，难于上青天”，这里可说是明长城中依山设险，险上加险的最险要地段之一。密：是司马台长城又一特点，两敌楼相距最近仅43.8米，最远600米，一般都在 100-------200米之间，若按当时明代筑长城的规定，每500米修敌楼一座的话，可见此段长城是一例外。全：是指敌楼和城墙的建筑形式奇特多样。从外观来看，敌楼有单眼楼、双眼楼、三眼楼、四眼楼和五眼楼，有单层楼，上下相通的双层楼和三层楼。它们均为空心敌楼，大小不一、形态组合各异，是按驻军的官衔等级，驻防人数以及地势险要程度分别来建造的。从内部结构来看，有砖结构、砖木结构、砖石结构;又有单室、双室、多室之分;房间布局有“田” 字、“井”字;楼顶变化多端，有平顶、穹窿顶、八角藻井顶、覆斗顶;就连门窗也新颖别致，有边门、中间门、有砖券和石券，还有技艺精湛的雕花花岗岩石门。这是长城史上不可多得的珍贵文物。司马台长城东段的仙女楼和望京楼就是两种具有代表性的敌楼，望京楼是司马台长城的制高点，海拔986米，为空心三眼楼，二层砖石结构。这里视野开阔，隐约可见北京城轮廓，故称望京楼。望京楼头，东观“雾灵积雪”、“蟠龙卧虎”、北看“燕山叠翠”、南瞧“水库明珠”、壮丽关山，尽收眼底。仙女楼是敌楼中建造得最美的一座，掩映在老虎山腰的树丛中，下部条石合缝，上部磨砖达顶。内部用青砖砌成两道大拱，三条甬道，十个券门。顶部正中心砌成蜘蛛网状的八角藻井，四边砌四个砖柱，游人在里面轻轻放歌便能发出悦耳的回音。门券上还有并蒂莲花浮雕，整个敌楼处处给人以精巧、细腻、秀丽之感。仿佛它不是人间战争的防御设施，而是一座仙境楼阁。此外、城墙的构造更是匠心独运，富于变化。因地形和军事上的需要，城墙又分为单边墙、双边墙和障墙，有砖砌、石砌及砖石混合砌，城墙上的箭孔疏密也从几十个直到上百个。巧：体现为进可攻，退可守，步步为营的障墙。而小天梯上的障墙，可谓登峰造极，在 20多米的垂直落差内从最顶上的障墙箭孔，一直可以通过所有障墙的射孔，到达最下的射孔，精巧之至，另人赞叹。由此可以想像昔日戌边将士苦战御敌的战争场面。奇：构筑在溶洞上的长城，洞与城的巧妙组合，在整个明长城中绝无仅有，令人称奇叫绝。

司马台长城虽以山势险陡、长城雄奇为主景，却不乏碧波荡漾、湖光帆影的优美环境，长城角下的鸳鸯湖赋予了这段长城以灵性，清澈的湖水，是由水量充沛、四季凉爽的冷泉和冬季热气喷涌、水温常年在38℃的温泉汇聚而成的，湖水冷暖各半，经东历夏，从不结冰。夏季里荡舟湖上，清风徐来，让人神清气爽，心旷神怡。

司马台长城不仅有奇丽的风光，亦是一座文化遗产的宝库。今年来，在这段长城上发现了许多长城文物，其中：有石刻“题名碑”，碑上记载着当年修建长城时的情况以及与建城有关的官员的名字，同时这里还发现几处城墙和敌楼上有带戳印文字的砖，上面刻的都是参加修建长城的军队名称和年代，如“万历五年山东左营造 ”、“万历五年宁夏营造”等等。长城砖上带有戳印文字，在其它长城上也是及为少见。在修复这段长城清基过程中，又清出一批出土文物：有当年守城将士使用过的各种武器，其中有铁炮、石炮、铁镞铁铳、手雷、三眼铳。铁弹丸、火药勺等，还有守城战士用过的生产生活用具，其中有锄头、铁铲、菜刀、铁灯碗等等，以上这些文物很珍贵，它为研究明代长城及明代历史提供了价值很高的事物资料。

长城是中国也是世界上非常重要的文化遗产，司马台长城则是这份遗产中的一颗明珠，为了更好地保护这段长城，并满足广大中外游客更好地领略长城的风采，司马台长城景区一手抓文物保护工作，一手抓旅游开发建设，使司马台长城这一世界文化瑰宝无愧于时代，无愧于著名长城专家罗哲文教授的评价：“中国长城是世界之最，而司马台长城是中国长城之最。”

司马台还为游客提供登城隐形索道、游览峡谷索桥、鸳鸯湖上泛舟、游泳、垂钓、住宿、小型会议、山寨野味等服务。6月举办司马台长城国际滑翔节、8月举办文化节、9月举办登城比赛。注意事项：由于司马台长城山路险峻，所以游客们万不可图一时之快而骑马登城，当您遇到什么问题时，可以拨打电话69031051向景区求助

司马台长城概况导游词

各位旅客朋友们：

大家好!

司马台长城始建于明洪武初年，又经蓟镇总兵戚继光和总督谭伦加固。这段长城被长城研究专家罗哲文教授誉称为：“长城是中国的建筑之最，而司马台长城是中国的长城之最。”因而被联合国教科文组织定为“世界人类优秀文化遗产”。其山势陡峭，地势险峻，工程浩繁，绵延19公里，敌楼多达135座。单说楼顶，就有平顶、穹窿顶、八角藻井顶等6种，墙体也有单边墙、双边墙、垛口障碍墙等7种。经过1987年开始复修，已对外开放。中外游客，竞相慕名而游。

交通方面的话可在东直门坐980路到密云，在密云搭去古北口的车到分岔路口，然后包车到司马台。玩后包车回到分岔路口，搭承德到北京的车返京。每年4到10月，也有旅游大巴可以到司马台长城，发车地点在宣武门天主教堂外的广场上。

自驾车：从北京出发走京承高速，在密云段下，再走101国道到达。交通线路：宣武门、东四十条乘游12路(只有双休日、节假日有车，且冬季不通车)直达。

司马台长城景观导游词

各位旅客朋友们：

大家好!

司马台长城始建于明洪武初年，又经蓟镇总兵戚继光和总督谭伦加固。其山势陡峭，地势险峻，工程浩繁，在山下望司马台长城，只见它背倚蓝天，横亘东西，野云悠悠，极高极险。其山势犹如人的手指并拢，呈双向阶梯状。若从西面登上长城，侧向看去，唯有一峰在上，仿佛只要奋力爬上，便可居高临下。但一旦登上第一个峰顶的敌楼，转身东望，却又有一峰逼面。当登上第二个山头的敌楼，仰头东望，还有更高一峰在上;而低头下望，只见第一个山头上的敌楼全被掩住，真个是“前不见古人，后不见来者。”登上第四个敌楼，眼下开阔起来，远处的村庄冒着温馨的炊烟，显得恬静、悠然。山那边青黄相间的草木一起一伏，几处羊群涌动，平添几许诗情画意，使人联想起“风吹草低见牛羊”的诗句。登上第六个敌楼，楼分上下两层：上层是瞭望台;下层是戍边

将士住房，三面有窗，北边是射箭孔。整个楼用大方石块砌成，显得敦实、坚固，气度不凡。造就出这一雄秀奇特无比的长城景观，应归功于这里特殊的燕山地形、重要的地理位置和戚继光等古代将士们的智慧创造。

司马台长城被鸳鸯湖分为东西两段。鸳鸯湖由流淌不息的常年在37℃的温泉和冰冷刺骨的冷泉汇集而成，致使湖水冷暖参半，每至严冬，湖内依然碧波荡漾，雾气升腾。

长城的最高处为“仙女楼”，需登“天梯”而上。天梯高达100米，坡度85度，几近垂直，无胆量的绝难征服。仰头上望，那砖石砌就的台阶仅可容脚，两侧悬崖陡壁，中间这一道台阶细如线，薄如刃，陡如立，不由人望梯兴叹，倒吸一口凉气。爬上仙女楼，景色果然更加壮美秀丽，俯首看脚下的悬崖，刀削斧劈一般，几缕雾岚挂在绝壁处，更显得陡峭惊险。西北边金山岭长城与司马台长城浑然一体，活像一条即将腾飞的苍龙。长城上大小不同、形态各异的敌楼，恰到好处地建立在各个制高点上，威风凛然，冷峻挺拔。整段长城，完美和谐，气势磅礴，处处显示出她的巧妙、奇特、雄伟和壮丽。再看看连绵不断的燕山山脉奔涌而起，叠起无数的奇幻;看着辽阔的华北平原无边无际，一直铺向目不所及的天边，

在这博大奇异的景色中，令人不由浮想联翩。

Mount Emei is located in Mount Emei City, Sichuan Province, China, with anarea of 154 square kilometers. The highest peak, Wanfo peak, is 3099 metersabove sea level. Steep terrain, beautiful scenery, a "show the world"reputation. There are more than 3000 kinds of plants, including rare treespecies in the world. There are many monkeys along the mountain road. They oftenform groups to beg for food from tourists, which is a major feature of Emei. Itis one of the four famous Buddhist mountains in China. There are about 26temples and eight important temples, with frequent Buddhist activities. OnDecember 6, 1996, Mount Emei Leshan Giant Buddha was listed in the worldheritage list by UNESCO as a cultural and natural heritage.

Emei Mountain scenic area covers an area of 154 square kilometers,including four mountains, namely dae, ere, sane and sie. Dae mountain isthe main peak of Mount Emei, which is usually referred to as dae mountain. Thetwo mountains of dae and ere are opposite each other. From a distance, the twopeaks are ethereal, just like the Emei thrush. This precipitous and majesticmomentum makes Li Baifa, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, praise that "Emei is higherthan the Western polar sky" and "there are many fairy mountains in the kingdomof Shu, so Emei Miao is hard to match". Mt. Emei is famous for its foggyweather. The clouds and fog in the mountains are so varied that Mount Emei isgracefully decorated.

Mt. Emei is a magnificent mountain with many mountains and beautifulscenery. It is known as the metaphor of "one mountain has four seasons, ten lihas different days". Tan Zhongyue, a poet of the Qing Dynasty, summarized thebeautiful scenery of Mount Emei as ten kinds: "auspicious light on the top ofgold", "moon night in Xiangchi", "jiulaoxianfu", "Xiaoyu in Hongchun", "autumnbreeze in Baishui", "Qingyin in Shuangqiao", "snow in Daping", "emerald inLingyan", "clear clouds in Luofeng" and "Shengji evening bell". Now peoplecontinue to discover and create many new landscapes, such as Hongzhu Yongcui,Huxi Tingquan, Longjiang plank road, Longmen waterfall, Leidong Yanyun, JieyinFeihong, woyun floating boat, fir secluded forest, etc. The new ten scenes ofEmei are: Jinding Golden Buddha, Wanfo Chaozong, Xiaoping love, Qingyin Pinghu,Yougu Linghou, the first mountain Pavilion, cliff stone carvings, Xiujiawaterfall, Yingbin beach and the starting point of famous mountain. All arefascinating. When you enter the mountains, you can see many mountains andtowering ancient trees; you can see mountains and bridges broken by clouds; youcan see deep streams and deep valleys, and the sky is shining; you can seerivers flowing, and the water is murmuring; birds sing, and butterflies aredancing; monkeys play, and frogs play; you can see strange flowers and paths,and you can see unique caves. In spring, everything sprouts and growsluxuriantly; in summer, a hundred flowers are blooming; in autumn, the mountainsare full of red leaves and colorful; in winter, the snow is covered with snow.When you climb to Jinding, you can see far and wide, and the scenery ismagnificent. The view of sunrise, sea of clouds, Buddhas light and sunset makespeople relaxed and happy; the west view of Aiai snow peak, Gongga Mountain andWawu mountain connects the sky; the south view of Wanfo peak, rolling clouds andmagnificent momentum; the North view of Baili Pingchuan, like a beautiful shop,with a panoramic view of Dadu River and Qingyi River. When you are on the top ofEmei, you can feel the sigh of "looking at all the small mountains".

There are many clouds, few sunshine and abundant rainfall in the mountainarea of Emei. Part of the plain belongs to subtropical humid monsoon climate,with the average temperature of 6.9 ℃ in January and 26.1 ℃ in July. Due to thehigh altitude and large slope of Mt. Emei, the climate zone has obvious verticaldistribution, with an altitude of 1500-2100 m belonging to warm temperateclimate; an altitude of 2100-2500 m belonging to moderate temperate climate; andan altitude of more than 2500 m belonging to sub frigid climate. Over 20__meters above sea level, about half a year is covered by ice and snow fromOctober to April of the next year.

Emei Scenic Area presents different climate characteristics with differentaltitudes. Below qingyinge is a low mountain area with lush vegetation, coolwind and clear spring. There is no big difference between the temperature andthat of the plain. Just add some clothes sooner or later. Qingyinge toXIXIANGCHI is a middle mountain area. The temperature is 4 ℃ - 5 ℃ lower thanthat of the plain at the foot of the mountain. Tourists need to prepare enoughclothes. From XIXIANGCHI to Jinding is a high mountain area. In the pedestrianclouds, the wind is cold and the rain is sudden. The temperature is about 12 ℃lower than that of Baoguo temple at the foot of the mountain. There are a lot ofcotton coats for tourists to rent. There is a "boundary" in the middle of Mt.Emei. The lower part of Mt. Emei is called "Yangjian", and the upper part of Mt.Emei is called "Yinjian". Cumulus has a certain weight, so its at the boundaryof Mount Emei. Therefore, tourists often hear thunder in Jinding, but only inthe "sunshine" it rains, while in the "Underworld" it doesnt.

游客们好，我是你们的导游，我叫林添，你们可以叫我小林。我们来到了素有“世界遗产”之称的万里长城。

万里长城是由很多块条石组成的一块条石有两三斤重。墙上凹下去的叫垛子供了望用，垛子下面的口子叫射口，我们现在站的地方叫城台也有了望口和射口，下面可以放武器和粮食。万里长城像一条很长很长很宽的马路，五六匹马可以并行。

传说，在很久很久以前有个女人，大家都叫她孟姜女，她的丈夫被官兵抓去修建长城，于是孟姜女便千里寻夫，终于让她找到了长城，一问才知道她的丈夫早死了，孟姜女顿失所依，在她丈夫的坟前放生大哭，最后把长城给哭倒了。

大家好!我是宝石旅行社的导游，我叫卢昊，大家可以叫我卢导。今天由我带大家去万里长城探究古代遗留文化遗产，观赏大自然的风景。

下面我来介绍一下长城：长城是世界闻名的奇迹之一，它像一条巨龙盘踞在中国北方辽阔的土地上，它是中国古代劳动人民血汗的结晶，也是中国古代文化的象征和中华民族的骄傲，中国坚固的长城还是以前军事家打仗时来防御外敌进攻抵档保护墙，现在高科技发达了，它也就永远失去了原有的功能作用，但作为伟大的建筑工程，它永远屹立在中华的大地上。在八达岭有毛主席的提词“不到长城非好汉”，还有孟姜女的故事，现在我给大家讲一下孟姜女的故事：古时候有孟姜女哭倒长城的动人传说，勤劳聪明的孟姜女为寻被官兵捉走的丈夫，来到长城下才打听到丈夫已被累死，于是孟姜女就在长城下哭了三天三夜，只听到轰隆一声，八百里长城倒塌了。这个故事很感人，也就这样被流传了下来。

我的介绍就这么多了，大家请不要穿高跟鞋上去，不要乱丢垃圾。

大家好!我是你们的导游。我叫柳博，大家可以叫我“博导”。

今天能陪同大家一起参观，我感到非常荣幸，希望大家在八达岭度过一个愉快美好的时光。

长城是中国着名的风景名胜，也是世界闻名的“十大奇迹”之一，他像一条巨龙盘踞在中国北方的土地上。现在，我们已经到达了八达岭长城。你们向远处看，可以发现这里的长城分为南、北两峰，蜿蜒盘旋在青翠的山脊之上，有龙腾虎跃之势，十分壮观。再往下看，在登城口的南侧，陈列着一门大炮，是当年用来抵御外敌的，被称为“威武大将军”。它长约85米，口径105毫米，最远射程1000多米，因炮身铸有“神威大将军”而得名。可见当时的军事工业是多么的发达。旅客朋友们，你们再向左看，那就是八达岭长城有名的烽火台。据考证，当时烽火台“高约四丈，宽六尺，积约六百七十二尺，率二百三十七人。”平时还设有一人专事守望，一人做作，其他人则做修建、收集柴草等工作。当出现敌情时，就点燃柴火，以此传递信号，但是现在烽火台已失去原有的军事价值。

好了，今天我们就游览到这里吧。请大家带好自己的行李物品，按次序下楼，注意安全。谢谢!

Huangguoshu Waterfall in Guizhou guide words, ladies and gentlemen : Todaywe will visit scenic spots is the Huangguoshu Falls. Huangguoshu Waterfall isthe first in the Fall, as well as in the world wide to the Great Falls one. InNovember 1982, the Peoples Republic of China State Council approved,Huangguoshu Falls has been listed as a national key scenic spots. Huangguoshuwaterfall from the provincial capital of Guiyang City, 137 km, Guizhou Provinceis located in the western Zhenning Guanling County and the contiguous countiesDabang Baishuihe River on the River tributaries on. Guiyang from traveling toHuangguoshu, about a half-hour or so. Huangguoshu Waterfall have to, you see,this is already the world famous Chinas largest waterfall. Huangguoshu Falls 68meters high, with waterfalls, waterfalls, six meters high total of 74 meters, 81meters wide, Floodwaters in the summer, If the Yellow River Falls reversingdumping, cliffs shook, the bottom Honglei, ten passage can also hear its roar;Due to the strong impact of water flow, damage the spray can diffuse more than afew hundred meters, so that the waterfall is located on the top of the leftTsaitsu and markets often damage the mist shrouded. Visitors that the "silverrain throwing Street." Small winter and spring water, waterfalls into it fromMarch 5 lock-down pegged to the roof, far from view, a curtain of white floateddown, triumphantly Sasa, If the middle of silk, if cents differentiates thebreeze held, such as ladies Wun Sha .... For hundreds of years, the majesticappearance Huangguoshu waterfall has been for many writers and scholars havemarveled. Guizhou Qing Dynasty famous calligrapher, "Summer Palace" is amisnomer that the amount of those Yan Yin-in "cottage look," wrote the couplet :"White as cotton, and not bow spent shells from casual. Hongxia decorated, Mrneed woven days Generation " more vivid image summed up the HuangguoshuWaterfall magnificent scenery. Now, we come to a waterfall fell Department ---rhino Tam. This takes into account the legend of gods and Tam rhinoceros namedhidden underwater. Rhinoceros are no gods, no one has ever seen, but themysterious and remote lake, there is still, no one stood Here, the chapter willtrain together. If sunny 10:00 or 16:00 or so, as the sunlight refraction, Youcan also blow through the waterfall being spun off by the rain and fog, to seewhich rises from the pit of seven-color rainbow, so that you Fireweed majesticappearance of Earth, Li Zhao Yan days flu. Why has this waterfall namedHuangguoshu waterfall, and not what other other waterfall? According tofolklore, is a tree in the edge of a waterfall tall Ficus virens, according tothe local accent, "Electric" and "fruit" pronunciation, and I used to call onpeople to Huangguoshu, which is a statement. There is also the view that a longtime ago legend waterfall nearby farmers like yellow fruit species, the edge ofa waterfall has a large yellow orchards, so they made the Huangguoshu waterfallas a waterfall. And the rest of the world famous Great Falls, the HuangguoshuFalls Although no African Victoria Falls, Niagara Falls, North America,Venezuela Angel Falls is so wide, and highly ambitious, but Huangguoshu Fallshas its peculiar, it is the worlds most karst areas at the Falls, is the mostspectacular waterfall. The Falls is like a strange magnetic stones, in itsground and underground water, Water also adsorption eyes with a series of voicein the landscape. One of the most magical one is hidden in a waterfall gullyholes in the cliff Gallery, as Wisteria cling hole, water pegged Fly, known as"Seorak." This is the worlds other great waterfall not a peculiar landscape.Ladies and gentlemen, "Seorak" has come and the Seorak length of 134 meters,which consists of six holes window 3 units hole vents and six channel formed.According to Chinese legend arranged large television drama "Journey to theWest" Seorak a drama, is here filming. This is the first window hole, its thelowest position, the pool from the rhino-only 40 meters, but the hole is themost generous windows, 10 meters wide, In the first place, the middle twowaterfalls, a river even when 2% of the Water Curtain Falls, the hole will sealall windows; Water was fourth hour began, from a few meters to 10 meters range,Min, as can be arbitrarily CDCC the curtains. This is the second hole window, itis from the window of the first hole only about 4 meters. This is a quiet world,known as the Crystal Palace. It is the heart of Seorak, is 11 meters long, ninemeters high and three meters wide. A roadside springs, the clear, bright andclean water in a year round water level. Top of many hanging stalactite, thestraw stalactite-like there are precious stone curl. Also on the wall hungcountless Shiman, stone screens. This is the third hole window, it highlightsthe field, much like a balcony. This window is a hole-meter, 3-meter-long, theoutside perimeter guard, visitors can stand behind the guardrail hand touchFalls, People here so called "touch waterfall Chinese Taiwan." Ladies and gentlemen, wenow visit the landscape is rhino Tam Valley landscape. Look, from the waist downrhino is a one contiguous or water, followed by rhino Lake, the three Beach,Horseshoe Beach, Fish oil wells, and so on. In this series in the lake, ofcourse, is headed by Tan rhinoceros, it was 17.7 meters deep, often splash beadscoverage, in the fog Chu drowned. As long as the sun, a waterfall splashes beadsoften hung colorful rainbow, with people moving and unpredictable. HuangguoshuWaterfall Why so? This is because the Huangguoshu Waterfall located in the Karstregion, the flow is caused by erosion. Traceability erosion crack when theyarrived at upper reaches of the river erosion along the karst fracture,corrosion, erosion, abrasion, and gradually expand the pipeline, formation ofholes and not charged underground river; Form into local river water after thewater sink in Liuzitian ratio gradually increased, created the unique karstregion capture, in-flow into water sink in Liuzitian, on the formation of watersink in Liuzitian-waterfall. With water erosion and collapse strategy hassteadily increased, more and more underground river cave, So along the surfacewadis clustered development of the shaft and skylights, which have continued toexpand, merging, Collapse, causing the present magnificent Huangguoshu Falls andFalls downstream deeply dangerous gorge. I hope you raise your camera and shootHuangguoshu Waterfall, stay in your memory, publicity to more people, becauseChina is the Huangguoshu Waterfall and also belongs to the world.

大家好!首先请允许我代表我们绿之露旅行社欢迎各位朋友来到长城观光旅游。我是你们的导游梁祖儿。俗话说：“不到长城非好汉。”今天，由我带着大家登一回长城，当一回好汉。

各位旅客，现在载我们去目的地的是司机康师傅。今天的行程由我和康师傅为大家提供服务。在旅途间，如果大家有什么需要，都可以找我帮忙，我会尽自己的力量帮助大家。最后，希望大家旅途愉快!万里长城是人类历史上耗时最长，耗资最多的防御工程。它始建于春秋战国时期，现在我们看到的是明朝修建的。它西起嘉峪关，东至辽东鸭绿江。长城居高临下，是重要的军事要塞。

各位游客，我们现在已经到达著名的八达岭长城。请大家向远处看，长城就像一条长龙在崇山峻岭蜿蜒盘旋。现在我们要登长城了，请大家拿起手中的相机、手机，拍下这美丽的景色吧。这就是烽火台，它是万里长城防线上传递军情的设施。烽火台这种传递信息的工具很早就有了，传递的方法是白天燃烟，夜间举火，因白天阳光很强，光火不易见到，夜间火光很远就能看见。它除了传递军情之外，还为来往使节保护安全，提供食宿，供应马匹粮食等服务。

各位游客，现在是我们的自由活动时间，但为了尊重古代人民劳动时间，希望各位不随意攀爬，不乱涂乱画，不随意吐痰，不乱扔垃圾。最后，我给大家一小时的时间，请大家在二点四十分时在长城的出口集合。

眼看飞机就要到了，我也要和大家告别了，感谢大家对我的支持和配合，祝愿你们身体健康，万事如意。

Taigu County, located in the central part of Shanxi Province, is located inthe Jinzhong Basin. It was founded in the Western Han Dynasty. It has a longhistory and developed culture and commerce. It is one of the birthplaces ofShanxi merchants with a long history. It is the birthplace of Bai Juyi, a poetin the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and the birthplace of Kong Xiangxi, a moderncelebrity. The well-known imperial medicine "Guilingji" and "dingkundan" wereproduced in Taigu. At the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty,Taigu became the financial and commercial center of Shanxi because of theconcentration of capital. It was known as "dry wharf" and "little Beijing".Taigu County has a total area of 1033.6 square kilometers and a total populationof 270000, including 450000 mu of arable land and 210000 agriculturalpopulation.

Taigu County has a warm temperate continental climate, with an averageannual temperature of 9.8 degrees Celsius, a frost free period of 175 days, arainfall of 462.9 mm, and a exploitable amount of groundwater resources of 9600cubic meters. The basic conditions of agriculture are good. Sanjin is famous forits abundant production of grain, cotton, oil, fruit, vegetables, meat, eggs andmilk. It is a commodity grain base county in Shanxi Province, an agriculturalhigh-tech industrial normal area, and a lean meat pig base in China. Taigu hasmore than 20__ industrial enterprises of various types. At present, it hasformed leading industries such as casting processing, fine chemical industry,agricultural machinery, building materials, agricultural and sideline productsprocessing, pharmacy, textile, transportation, etc. The tertiary industry, urbanand rural infrastructure and various social undertakings are booming, and theliving standards of urban and rural people are steadily improving. Taigu Countyis rich in agricultural and sideline products resources, with 45 mu of grainfield, which is suitable for the growth of various crops in the north, and isone of the eight most suitable regions for planting high-quality wine grapes inChina. In recent years, in addition to stabilizing the area of grain fieldsdominated by wheat and corn, we have vigorously developed special economic cropssuch as vegetables, fruits, pigments and wine grapes.

It has an annual output of 60 million kg of wheat and 50 million kg ofcorn, 90000 mu of vegetables, 140 million kg of jujube and walnut, 120 millionkg of fruit, 300 million kg of chrysanthemum and pepper, 3000 mu of Frenchgrapes and 3000 mu of grapes; In the aspect of animal husbandry, 206 large-scalebreeding areas have been formed, with 380000 pigs per year, 3 million chickensper year and 37 million kg of eggs per year. Communication is very convenient.The capacity of SPC exchanges in the city is 10000, and that in the countrysideis 5000. The number of telephone calls per capita ranked the top in theprovince. The wireless pager and mobile phone are unblocked, and the nationalnetwork roaming is realized. Science and technology, culture, medical and healthare developed. At the beginning of this century, Kong Xiangxi founded Mingxianschool in Taigu. At present, there are "one university and three specialschools" in Taigu County, including Shanxi Agricultural University and Taigunormal school, Jinzhong health school and Shanxi traffic technical school. Thereare also research units and military enterprises in Taigu County, such as ShanxiFruit Tree Research Institute, Shanxi biopharmaceutical factory, 753 factoriesof the Ministry of ordnance industry, 513 research institutes of the Ministry ofaerospace industry Industry, for our county to add a strong science andtechnology and cultural atmosphere. In terms of medical and health care, Shanxipsychiatric hospital, Jinzhong second hospital, peoples Hospital, traditionalChinese medicine hospital, staff hospital and other strong physiotherapy systemare established in the county.

The countys industry has initially formed five pillar industries, namely,malleable iron, agricultural machinery, chemical industry, building materialsand food. Among them, the annual output of Ma steel pipe accounts for 1/3 of thewhole country, and the famous products of Chinas high-quality flying elephantbrand agricultural vehicle, "far" brand turtle turtle age and Ding Kundan, sugaraldehyde, resin, maleic anhydride, sulfuric acid, cement, shovel, medicinal neckand bottle, dairy products, electric power fittings, plasterboard and otherfamous products. It enjoys high reputation in domestic and internationalmarkets. With a good agricultural foundation, large-scale planting, breeding,forestry and fruit industry have developed rapidly, becoming a well-knownhometown of melons, fruits, vegetables, meat, eggs and milk, and a base ofagricultural and sideline products. At the same time, business is booming andthe market is increasingly prosperous.

在去北京的第4天，我们便去游览了世界上最长的古代防御工事——八达岭长城。

俗话说：“不到长城非好汉。”今天我就要来当当这个好汉。

我和爸妈站在八达岭长城的入口处，只见巍峨的长城犹如一条巨龙弯弯曲曲地盘在山上。望着远处的山顶长城上黑压压的蚂蚁搬的人们，心里不由得惊讶：真是“人山人海”!

这时，迎面吹来一阵寒风，我不禁被冻得哆嗦。虽然昨天预报说今天会降温，而我也是“有备而来”加厚了衣服，但没想到是这么冷!好像一下到了南极，风刮在脸上像刀似的，真疼啊!在这么恶劣的天气爬长城还真是一种挑战啊……但愿我能活着回去，。我这样想着，向长城迈开了脚步。

长城的楼梯很陡很陡，每上一个台阶都要用尽全力，腿好像灌了铅，抬都抬不起来。四周的城墙上每一块砖都刻满了各种名字，连地上都有。我想这是游客来时留下的纪念吧。长城上没有楼梯的地方变成的陡坡，几乎是90°，非常难爬。爬到一半甚至有可能滑下来。于是人们就抓住扶手一点一点往上挪。扶手只有两边有，所以就形成了两遍挤满人而中间空荡荡的奇特景象。因为人太多，实在挤不上去了，于是我只好后退几步，从中间冲了上去，不过撞到了不少人。

爬到中间的时候，我回过头向山下俯视。因为是冬天，所以山上的树叶都掉光了，只剩下张牙舞爪的光秃秃的树干了。偶尔有一两只鸟飞来飞去，叫几声。显得孤零零的。我想到了“孤树落日残霞，轻烟老树寒鸦。”白朴大概想描写得就是这番景象吧

我还看到了我曾经爬过的那几段长城，现在它显得那么渺小。不过上面的人还是黑压压的挤来挤去的样子。这长城弯弯曲曲的，一直到山的最深处——不管我怎么踮脚，怎么蹦怎么跳到看不见了为止，只能看到藏在树林里的若隐若现的烽火台。我回过头来，看着那个最高点——终点，离我不远了信心更加十足了。

终于，历经千辛万苦，我爬上了长城等终点。这时我骄傲的喊了一声：“我是好汉了。”

Hello everyone! Welcome to Star City Changsha. Now we are in the XiangjiangRiver Bridge. Standing on the bridge, the scenery of Changshas "mountains,waters, continents and cities" can be seen at a glance. This "mountain" is thelush Yuelu Mountain in front of it, which is known as the tail of Nanyue 72peak. Naturally, this "water" is the mother river flowing quietly under thebridge - Xiangjiang River. Across the river is Juzizhou, which is known as"unsinkable aircraft carrier". Of course, the "city" is Changsha City. Next, Iwill talk about it in detail from near to far.

Xiangjiang River, originated from Haiyangshan, Lingchuan County, GuilinCity, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, has a total length of 856 km. It entersHunan from Yongzhou, flows through Hengyang, Chenzhou, Zhuzhou, Xiangtan,Shaoyang, louerdi, Changde and Yueyang, and flows into Dongting Lake at thehaohekou of Xiangyin County, with a drainage area of 85300 square kilometers inHunan. It is the largest river in Hunan and also the mother river Xiang is namedfor it. The word "Xiang" in Xiangjiang comes from the sentence "in the book ofsongs, Zhaonan, Caiping" that is "to build and cauldron with Xiang". "Xiang"originally means "cooking food", which is extended to refer to the appearance offog transpiration. Xiangjiang River in Hunan Province, from south to north, nineileum, clouds, so take such a name.

You see, Juzizhou in the middle of the river looks like a long belt, about5 kilometers long from north to south, and about 100 meters wide from east towest. Mr. Guo Moruo once described it as "an unsinkable aircraft carrier". Inthe Western Jin Dynasty, it got its name because of the orange production on theisland. In Tang and Song Dynasties, Orange Island had become a famous scenicspot at that time. One of the famous "eight sceneries of Xiaoxiang" is "theevening snow on the river", which refers to the evening scenery of snowy dayshere. Many famous poets have come here to chant, leaving poems and essays handeddown through the ages. Mao Zedongs "Qinyuan spring · Changsha" makes Juzizhou aplace that the world yearns for.

Yuelu Mountain, located on the West Bank of the Xiangjiang River, is 300.8meters above sea level and the tail of the 72 peaks of Nanyue Mountain."Southwest clouds come to Hengyue mountain, and the sound of the river goes downDongting day and night" is a wonderful summary of the situation of YueluMountain. Yuelu Mountain is a huge "Botanical Museum", where ancient and famoustrees can be seen everywhere. Yuelu Mountain is a famous cultural mountain,which integrates Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism in ancient China. At the footof the mountain is Yuelu Academy, which is the first of Chinas four academiesand promotes Confucian Neo Confucianism; at the back of the mountain is Lushantemple, which is "the first scenic spot in Han and Wei dynasties and the firstTaoist temple in Hunan"; at the top of the mountain is Yunlu Palace, which islisted as one of the seventy-two blessed places of Taoism. In addition,aiwanting, baihequan, yuwangbei, relic tower and so on are also attractiveplaces. Yuelu Mountain is also a place where we look forward to people withlofty ideals. The cemeteries of Huang Xing, Cai E, Jiang Yiwu and Chen Tianhuaare hidden in the green pines and cypresses.

Next, lets talk about the city. Changsha, with beautiful ecologicalenvironment and rich human resources, is one of the first batch of historicaland cultural cities announced by the State Council, and one of the first batchof "Chinas excellent tourism cities" awarded by the state. In 20__, Changshawas also rated as "National Forest City". As the capital of Hunan Province,Changsha is the political, economic, technological, cultural, commercial andtransportation center of Hunan Province. The city covers an area of 11800 squarekilometers with a total population of 6.31 million, including 556 squarekilometers of urban area and more than 2 million urban population. It hasjurisdiction over Furong district, Tianxin District, Yuelu District, KaifuDistrict and Yuhua District, Liuyang City and Changsha, Wangcheng and Ningxiangcounties.

Changsha has a superior geographical position, known as "Jingyu lips,Guizhou and Guangdong throat". Changsha, located in the middle of China, has astrategic position of connecting the East and the West. At present, the trafficin Changsha is very convenient. The Beijing Zhuhai Expressway and ChangshaChangzhou expressway are connected here. The national highways 107, 319 and 1016are connected in the territory. The Beijing Guangzhou railway and ShijiazhuangChangzhou Railway pass through the city. Through Yueyang, the inland riverterminal can reach Chongqing, Wuhan and Shanghai. Huanghua International Airportis one of the largest airports in central and South China. Its route network hasspread to more than 40 large and medium-sized cities in China. It has openedflights to Hong Kong and Macao, as well as international flights to Bangkok,Thailand and Seoul, South Korea.

"Changsha star in the sky, Changsha City on the earth." The name ofChangsha comes from the stars in the sky. The ancients divided the stars in thesky into 28 constellations, and each constellation corresponds to a certain areaon the earth. Among the twenty-eight constellations, there is a one called Fusu,which corresponds to Jingzhou. Changsha used to be the city of Jingzhou. Thereis also a small star in charge of human life, also known as Changsha star."Astronomical records of the Ming Dynasty" said: "Changsha Xiaoxing, down toChangsha." Therefore, the ground corresponding to Changsha star is calledChangsha, so Changsha is also called "Xingsha".

Changsha is a "famous city of Chu and Han Dynasties" with a history of morethan 3000 years. The name "Changsha" first appeared in the Western Zhou Dynasty.During the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, Changsha hadbecome an important economic, cultural and military town in the south of Chu.After Qin Dynasty unified China, there were 36 counties in the world, andChangsha and its surrounding 9 counties were Changsha counties. In the HanDynasty, Wu Rui was granted the title of king of Changsha and established thestate of Changsha. Since the Tang Dynasty, Changsha has become the political,economic and military center of Hunan Province.

"Xiaoxiang Zhusi, the hometown of qujia", which is a historical gift toChangsha. The CI and Fu handed down by Qu Yuan and Jia Yi, the cultural relicsunearthed from Han tombs, the bamboo slips of the Three Kingdoms, ZhangZhongjings treatise on febrile diseases, and the underglaze color of Changshakiln are all shining with the glory of Changshas history and culture. Changsha,known as the "cradle of revolution", has produced many great people in moderntimes. It has nurtured Huang Xing, Li Weihan, Xu Teli, Yang Kaihui, Tian Han andother people with lofty ideals. It is also the hometown of Party and stateleaders Hu Yaobang, Zhu Rongji and Li Tieying.

Changsha is rich in products, known as "the land of fish and rice", "theland of fireworks", "the land of Xiang embroidery", "the land of pottery" and"the land of non-ferrous metals". It has been one of the four tea markets, fourrice markets and five pottery capitals in China since ancient times. Richproducts have created Changshas unique catering culture. Hunan cuisine andsnacks are made of exquisite materials.

Dear tourists

Hello and welcome to Zhuzhou. Im your guide_

Yandi mausoleum is located in luyuanpo, Tangtian Township, 15 kilometerssouthwest of Yanling County, Hunan Province, also known as "tianzifen". EmperorYans mausoleum, the Shennong family, is a legendary tribal leader in ancienttimes, surnamed Jiang. In history, he taught the people to plant and harvestgrain, so he was called "Shennong". He also tasted herbs and invented medicine,so he was also the "God of medicine". Besides, it is also said that he used fireto benefit mankind, made musical instruments and advocated material exchange Ina word, the Shennong family of Yan Emperor is a God who is inseparable from theinvention and creation of agriculture, industry, commerce, medicine, literatureand other fields in the historical legend, so it has been greatly respected andsacrificed by the Chinese people of all dynasties. Finally, he died because hetasted the poisonous heartbroken herb and had no remedy. It was recorded inEmperor Century written by Emperor Fumi of Jin Dynasty. After his death, he wasburied in Changsha. According to Lu Shi written by Luo Mi of Song Dynasty, "theend of Changshas tea town is called Chaling" (Yanling County was divided byChaling in the Southern Song Dynasty). Ancient trees cover the surrounding areaof Yandis Mausoleum and water surrounds it. On the side of the mausoleum, thereis a "medicine washing pool", which is said to be the place where Emperor Yanwashed herbal medicine, as well as several Royal Sacrifice steles of the Mingand Qing Dynasties.

Yandi Mausoleum scenic area includes Yandi mausoleum, Yanling temple,Fengsheng temple, Chongde square, huzhenguan temple, Luyuan Pavilion,shenghuotai and other cultural landscapes, as well as Luyuan cave, longnaostone, longzhushi, xihuachi and other natural landscapes, which are allattractive places.

The mausoleum area of Yan Emperor was called "Huangshan" in ancient times,covering an area of 2.4 square kilometers. The mausoleum area is covered withgreen mountains, green water circulation, towering ancient trees, and themausoleum hall with national architectural style is brilliant, covering an areaof 3000 square meters. In 960 ad, song Taizu ascended the throne, visitedancient mausoleums all over the world, found Yan Emperor Mausoleum in Bailuyuan,and built a temple in 967. In 1950, Emperor Yans mausoleum was listed as a keycultural relic protection unit of the province. In 1954, the main hall wasburned down because of the fire of pilgrims. In June 1986, the main hall of YanEmperors mausoleum was officially rebuilt with the approval and funding ofHunan Provincial Peoples government. The rebuilt mausoleum hall is divided intofive parts: the first part is the Meridian Gate, in which there are Danlong, twocorridors on the left and right for the stele room, and the second part is theXingli Pavilion, which is an octagonal pillar Pavilion supported by eight stonepillars, with a horizontal plaque inscribed "the ancestors of the nation shineon the world" and a couplet under it saying "virtue shines on the gloriousindustry for thousands of years; great achievements are made for thousands ofgenerations"; The third entrance is the main hall, with 24 stone pillarssupporting the top of the hall. A plaque inscribed "Chinese people will neverforget their ancestors" is hung in the hall. On both sides of the hall, thecouplet says "making leidan to lay a foundation for agriculture and industry;tasting a hundred herbs to make a precedent for medicine". In the shrine of thehall, the statue of Yan Emperor Shennong is worshipped. The statue of YanEmperor is a gold body, with rice ears in his left hand and Ganoderma lucidum inhis right hand. In front of the statue is a bamboo basket containing grains andmedicinal materials. The banner of "Qi Tians ancestor" is hung on the shrine.There are couplets on both sides of the shrine, which are "the name of theuniverse; the grace of the Divine Land". The whole hall is magnificent andsolemn. The fourth entrance is the tomb Pavilion, with a stone inscription: "thetomb of Emperor Yan Shennong". The fifth entrance is the mausoleum of EmperorYan. Shennong is one of the ancestors of the Chinese nation, so the sacrifice tothe Yan Emperors mausoleum has been very solemn and grand since ancient times.According to historical records, it began to offer sacrifices to Emperor Yansmausoleum in the Tang Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, since the founding of thetemple by Taizu of the Song Dynasty, it was set as a big sacrifice in threeyears. In the Qing Dynasty, the ceremonies were more frequent, with 41 times ofbig sacrifice alone.

Around the mausoleum hall, there is a red wall more than 10 meters high.Surrounded by a large-scale Fengsheng temple, huzhenguan temple, angel platform,Chongde square, Zaisheng Pavilion, Shiji mansion, yongfengtai and other ancientbuildings, there are Luyuan cave, Xiaqiao, pool (also known as Xiyao pool),Huangyang mountain, longzhushi and other monuments. There are also the tensceneries of Yan mausoleum. They are: the fragrant grass Pavilion (also known asthe grass Pavilion) with flowers and plants; the bank is like a dragons head,like a stone dragons bun; the clouds are misty and bleak, like autumn rain; thehaze around the pavilion is sometimes looming, like a dense haze; In spring,there are fine grasses, clusters of wild flowers, yellow and white flowers, redand purple flowers, just like Jinyin in the destination of Fangzhou springbrocade. Birds and deer in the mountains are inconstant, and sometimes silent.When sacrificing, they fly away and sing harmoniously. There are Sheng Huangsbird and deers harmonies (also known as Bailuyuan): the big camphor ishorizontal, hollow as a hole, and people can sit with a few cups to chant theempty camphor hole; There are thousands of ancient trees in Luyuan, which arestrange. There is a fir in front of the mausoleum, which is divided into twotrunks. It is surrounded by more than ten branches and leaves. After hundreds ofyears of moistening, it is called qiuzhang lingmu. In the north of themausoleum, the pool is deep and clear, and there are hundreds of scales. Everyday, the waves are warm, and the water and light match each other; As a result,the pavilion was built and engraved with a stele: Feixiang Pavilion of differenttrees (also known as Feixiang Pavilion).

The majestic palace of Yan Emperors Mausoleum and the ancient buildingsblend with the natural scenery here, and add the ten famous scenes of YanEmperors mausoleum to match, making the whole Yan Emperors Mausoleum quiet,beautiful and magnificent. Emperors of all dynasties regarded it as a holy land,held annual sacrifices, held ceremonies, and sent envoys to pay homage to it.During the spring and Autumn period, many local members came to offersacrifices. People who sacrifice animals, burn incense and worship, come in anendless stream throughout the year. As for new years festival, thousands ofworshipers can be seen in neat formation, full of offerings, incense shacklesaround, which can be regarded as a spectacle.

Xiangshan is located in the western suburb of Beijing. Besides appreciatingmaple, it is also a royal garden with a long history and rich culturalheritage.

There are "Xishan Qingxue", one of the eight sceneries in Yanjing; Biyuntemple, a temple with the architectural style of Ming and Qing Dynasties; theonly existing wooden and gilded "500 arhat hall" in China; Zongjing Dazhaotemple, a palace to welcome the sixth Panchen Lama; jianxinzhai, a quaintcourtyard with Jiangnan characteristics; Here is Shuangqing villa, the firstplace where the great man of the century Mao Zedong and the Central Committee ofthe Communist Party of China lived and worked in Peiping; here is the temporaryresidence of the great man of the Century Sun Yat Sens coffin, the King Kongthrone tower of Biyun temple, the Sun Yat sen Memorial Hall of Biyun temple andthe Sun Yat Sens tomb.

Xiangshan Park is located in the western suburb of Beijing, covering anarea of more than 180 hectares. It is a royal garden with a long history, richcultural heritage and mountain forest characteristics. As early as 1186, thehuman landscape appeared in Xiangshan. Xiangshan temple was once the highesttemple in the west of Beijing. In the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Qianlong built 28Jingyi gardens. Xiangshan and Jingyi gardens are one of the famous "threemountains and five gardens" in western Beijing. In 1860 and 1900, Xiangshan andjingyiyuan were burned by the Allied forces of Britain, France and the eightcountries. After 1949, most of the scenic spots have been restored.

Xiangshan Park has steep terrain, emerald peaks and lush springs. Xianglupeak, the main peak, is 557 meters above sea level. There are more than 260000trees in the park, including more than 5800 ancient and famous trees, accountingfor about a quarter of the urban area of Beijing, and the forest coverage rateis as high as 98%. In recent years, it has been determined by relevantdepartments as one of the areas with the highest negative oxygen ion in Beijing.In the park, people live in harmony with nature, birds sing and insects sing,squirrels play in the gully forest. Here, flowers are blooming in spring, cooland pleasant in summer, and plain silver makeup in winter. In particular,Xiangshan red leaf is most famous. Every frost autumn, all over the mountain,like a raging fire, magnificent incomparable. During the period of Ci poetry,the number of visitors doubled, and it was once rated as one of the "16 newsceneries of Beijing".

Xiangshan Park has complete tourism service facilities. Up the mountain,you can take the large hanging chair type sightseeing cableway h, with a totallength of 1400 meters and a drop of 431 meters). Songlin restaurant andXiangshan villa are ideal places for sightseeing, vacation and leisure. Livinghere, you can walk to the botanical garden of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing Botanical Garden and Wofo temple. A few kilometers to the East is thefamous summer palace. To the south, there are Badachu Park and other touristattractions.

Qianxiangsi stone sculpture group, the Sixth Batch of key cultural relicsprotection units in China, is located in the north of Lianhe village, GuanzhuangTown, the eastern foot of Pan mountain in Jixian County. The stone sculptures inQianxiang temple are of great historical, artistic and scientific value,providing precious material for the study of Buddhist Archaeology andtraditional line carving techniques in Liao Dynasty.

It is understood that Panshan Qianxiang temple, also known as youtangtemple, is one of the famous Panshan temples in Jizhou during the Tang and Liaodynasties. It was destroyed by gunfire during the Anti Japanese War and has anexisting site. According to the Ming Dynastys preface to the inscriptions onthe founding of the lecture hall of Panshan youtang temple, it is said that fromthe past, a venerable man came from afar with his staff. Suddenly, he saw athousand monks washing bowls beside the Chengquan pool under the rocks, whichdisappeared in a short time. The venerable built a temple here and engravedthousands of Buddha statues on the hillside rocks. Qianxiang temple stone Buddhais the largest group of Liao Dynasty stone Buddha found in China so far. So far,a total of 535 stone Buddhist statues, 1 relief statue and 5 relics have beenfound.

The statues are mainly distributed on the large boulders or relatively flatcliffs around the site of Qianxiang temple. They are all carved by lines. Thecarving techniques and style show a unique folk traditional craft charm, withstrong local characteristics. Sakyamuni Buddha, Tathagata Buddha, pharmacistBuddha, Maitreya Buddha, Guanyin Bodhisattva and dizang Bodhisattva can beidentified in the statues. The statues are divided into standing posture,sitting posture, lying posture and so on. It can be inferred from the hair bunstyle, facial features and clothing patterns of the statues that they werepublished in the Liao Dynasty, and they were all published spontaneously by thepeople. There is a stone cave under the rocks on the north slope, which iscalled wuliangshou cave. The cave is 4 meters deep, 2.2 meters high and 1.5meters wide. The four characters "wuliangshoufo" are first printed outside thecave. On the north wall of the cave, there is a relief statue of wuliangshoufo,which is 1.98 meters high. The engraving age is unknown. According to experts,this is the only remaining grotto Buddha statue in Tianjin.

The cultural relics department has strengthened the cultural relicsprotection of the stone Buddha group in Qianxiang temple. It has carried outmany "pull net" surveys in the area of four square kilometers around the site,comprehensively extracted the ontology information of the stone Buddha, mappedthe plan of one thousandth of the stone Buddha group, investigated thegeological environment, geological landforms, diseases and other aspects of thestone Buddha group, and is formulating the protection plan.

Dear tourists

Hello and welcome to the great wall of Tangshan. Im your guide.

The Great Wall winds 220 kilometers in Tangshan, with 29 famous passes.With its ups and downs and Pentium, it has gathered the essence of Ming theGreat Wall. Along the Great Wall, the folk customs are ancient and simple, andthere are many anecdotes and legends, which are the best tourism products ofTangshan.

Jiufengshan Great Wall in Zunhua, Panjiakou underwater Great Wall inQianxi, marble Great Wall in Qianan, qingshanguan, xifengkou, lengkouguan,prison building, seventy-two voucher building, shuimen, brick kiln of greatwall, horse breeding circle and so on are all the unique features of the GreatWall, which have produced more and more influence at home and abroad in recentyears. The Great Wall on Jiufeng Mountain is less than one foot high and lessthan three feet wide, because the officials who built the great wall are greedyfor silver and cut corners. It is a typical "tofu dregs Great Wall".

Qingshanguan city is one Zhang and four feet high, and sixteen Zhang andnine feet high on Saturday. It was built in the Wanli period of Ming Dynasty.From a distance, it looks exquisite and antique. 72 coupons building is made upof 72 arches, which are very beautiful; the water gate is made of green bricks,which is still intact after hundreds of years of wind, rain and mountaintorrents. Zuosan kiln, known as the Great Wall kiln, is located in dalingzhai,Qianxi. It was discovered in 1985 and got its name because of the inscription"zuosan" on the bricks. In 1993, seven ancient Great Wall brick kilns wereexcavated, which is a complete brick material base along the Great Wall, andsolved the mystery of the origin of the great wall bricks. Qianan marble GreatWall is about 1.5 kilometers long, 10 meters high and 5 meters wide. The base ofthe city and the enemy tower are mostly made of marble, which is very rare inthe Great Wall.

Xifengkou, known as songtingguan in ancient times, is a famous ancientbattlefield in history. When the 29th Route Army resisted the Japanese invasionin China, the Dagao March was a household name, adding infinite charm toXifengkou Great Wall. Along the Great Wall, there are also a series of scenicspots, such as the headquarters of Ji Town, where Qi Jiguang, a national hero,led military affairs and defended the border for 16 years, the originator of theearths rocks identified by UNESCO, the granulite ancient rock of TAIPINGZHAI3.67 billion years ago, and the Paleolithic site of Zhaocun village inQianan.

Well, tourists, Tangshan ancient Great Wall is here for you. Thank you foryour support!