长城英语导游词简短汇编20篇

My dear friends,

Welcome to Qufu, the hometown of Confucius.

Confucius had a famous remark: “What a delight to have friends from afar.”Today I am very glad to have an opportunity of making new friends and to be yourtour guide. I wish to thank you for your cooperation and also ready to take yoursuggestions and advice regarding my service.

What we are going to visit now is the Confucius Temple. This temple iswhere sacrifices are offered to Confucius. Work on these structures began duringthe second year after Confucius’s death. The Confucius Temple imitates theimperial palace’s construction. The layout is as follows: There are 5 halls, 1pavilion, 1 altar, and 3 ancestral temples. It is divided into 9 courtyards.Altogether there are 466 rooms, 54 gateways and over 1000 stone tablets andsteles. It covers an area of 21.8 hectares (equals to 327.5 mu) and is over 1kilometers long from north to south. It is magnificent and resplendent andirrespective of the angle from which you enjoy viewing the temple. It iscommensurate with influence and fame of Confucius. As such, it is very rareworld historical treasure.

The Confucius Temple’s first gateway is called Golden Sound and JadeVibration Gateway (金声玉振门), “Golden Sound ” and “Jade Vibration” symbolize thewhole process of playing music in

ancient time. The music starts with the beating of a drum and ends with thestriking of an inverted bell (磬). This means that Confucius’s thoughts are acomprehensiveexpressionssaints’ ideas.

Now we come to the Ling Star Gate. This gate was erected in Ming Dynastyand was rebuilt in 1754. The three characters were written by Emperor Qianlong.The legend has it that there are 28 constellations in the galaxy. The star incharge of culture is called“Ling Star” or “Wenqu Star”. People believe Confuciusis the Ling Star. So they show respect to Confucius is as important as to showrespect to Heaven.

Look at this stone stele on the temple gate’s eastern wall. It is writtenon the stele that “officials should dismount here.” In the past, the civil andmilitary officials and people in the street were required to get off from theirhorses or sedan chairs and walk on foot when they passed by the Temple to showtheir reverence for Confucius and his temple.

We are now entering the Dacheng Gate (大成门). The Temple of Confucius isdivided into three layouts from here. The middle gate is the Dacheng Gate; thetwo beside the Dacheng Gate are the Golden Sound Gate on the left and JadeVibration Gate on the right. The one on farther western side is the Qisheng Gate(启圣门) and the one on

farther eastern side is the Chengsheng Gate (承圣门).

This is the main hall of the Temple of Confucius. Dacheng Hall, togetherwith the Forbidden City’s Hall of Supreme Harmony and Daimiao Temple’s TiankuangHall (天贶殿) in Tai’an city (泰安) are called the three greatest halls in China or“the Three Greatest Halls in the East”. This hall is 24.8 meters high, 45.78meters wide and 24.8 meters deep. It is surrounded by 28 dragon columns carvedout of whole blocks of stone. The 10 columns in front are deep relief sculpturesand the others are shallow ones. They are made with exquisite technique and aretreasures of the whole world. Carved on each column are two dragons twisting andflying. They are made true to life and are completely different from each other.The birthday of Confucius is on September 28th and grand commemorationactivities are held here in which people pay homage to Confucius. During thefestival, music and dancing are performed and visitors from home and abroadswarm to Qufu. Various cultural and tour activities are rich and colorful andyou’re welcome to attend this festival and enjoy yourselves in this world-famousevent.

青岛栈桥英语导游词

青岛栈桥是青岛海滨风景区的景点之一，是国务院1982年首批公布的国家级风景名胜区，也是首批4A级国家旅游区。下面是小编为大家收集的关于青岛栈桥英语导游词，希望大家喜欢!

青岛栈桥英语导游词

The fast-paced life has turned us into machines, doing overloading operations so everyone need a rest and go to travel with relatives or friends. I think QingDao is the best choice.

QingDao is reputed for its elegant mountains, clean air, blue water, white beach and green trees. Are you feeling the wind from the sea?.That is like a lively girl, she crawl up to kiss your feet when you are lost in admiration of the Beautiful scence, when you sip a mouth of it ,it tastes a little salty.

As known as Seashore Pier, Southern Sea Pier or Big Marina, the Jutting Pier is a symbolic structure of Qingdao,which was first built in 1892. when Zhang Gaoyuan, Commander of Dengzhou, stationed troops in Qingdao, in order to facilitate the transportation of military supplies and anchor the warships of the Northern Navy, a 344meter long simple pier wasthen built on the southwest coast. The dyke connecting the cosdt was built by laying stones,and the fore part of the pier was built of steel paved with wood. The building materials were remainders of Lvshun Boatyard, Northern Navy. In 1894 when Li Hongzhang made his second inspection tour to Qingdao, he gave a high praise for the Jutting Pier and called it an Iron Pier in his memorial to the throne. Hereafter, the Jutting Pier was also called Navy Pier, Seashore Pier and Navy Iron Pier. In 1900, the pier was destroyed by a typhoon, in 1901 when Germany occupied Qingdao,the Jutting Pier was rebuilt and used for freight transporting. When the Dagang Port was completed, the Jutting Pier was opened to the public. In 1923, a park was developed around the Northernend of the pier. From September 1931 to April 1933, the pier was rebuilt of steel concrete, extended to 440 meters long and 8meters wide. A semicircular seawall as built at the end of the bridge.

Now, the Jutting Pier has become a famous attraction and symbolic structure of Qingdao. After the founding of People Republic of China, Qingdao Municipal Government has paid much attention to the maintenance and protection of the Jutting Pier. In the 1950s, the Water Returning Pavilion was once called Sino USSR Friendship Pavilion. In the daytime, the Pier is frequented by stream of visitors, who are leaning on the railing and overlooking the charming sea. When the night falls, the colorfully decorated lights are turned on, glorifying the bridge.

At the Jutting Pier, we can enjoy various attractive sights such as Water Returning at the Pavilion, Listening to the Tide at the Pavilion. Extension of Rainbow and Moon Might at the Pier, which Were reputed as one of the 10 Sights of Qingdao as well as the 24 Top Sights of Qingdao City in the 1930s. Numerous scholars and men of letters have left behind a lot of poems and lines in Praise of the pier. It is a famous seashore attraction frequented by visitors. At the peak season, the daily tourist arrivals are above 200 000. It is a must for the VIPs, important officials and famous celebrities when they visit Qingdao.

Follow me please. Let us climb the stairs and overlook far into distance. A good place for sightiseeing. You can take photos here.

Hello, everyone! Its a pleasure to be here with friends from all over theworld.

first. On behalf of the travel agency, please allow me to express myheartfelt thanks and warm welcome to all of you. There is a saying that is wellsaid: looking back hundreds of times in the past life can only lead to a brushin this life. Maybe its a fate to get together. Since we are destined, letsget to know each other. Next to me is master Lin, the driver. He has richdriving experience and is escorted by him You can give us two hearts, one is"rest assured" to our escort ambassador, master Lin, and the other is "happy".Please give it to me. Im your guide this time You can call me Xiao Guo, Guo Daoand Xiao Dao, whatever you like!

In fact, tourism is a very happy thing. Travel doesnt have to care aboutits purpose. It only needs to care about the scenery along the way and the moodwhen seeing the scenery. So I hope the good mountains and good water in Lanzhoucan bring you a good mood. So during the whole journey, if you need any help,please feel free to come to me. I will try my best to serve you. At the sametime, I hope my work can be successful With your support and cooperation, I wishyou have a good time in Lanzhou! I hope this trip is just like my name. I warmlywelcome you to come, and then have fun, eat and enjoy In a word, I hope you havea good time. Thank you

Maiji Mountain is located about 45 kilometers southeast of Tianshui City,Gansu Province. It is a strange peak in Xiaolong mountain at the western end ofQinling Mountains in China. It is only 142 meters high, but the shape of themountain is peculiar. The isolated peak rises like a wheat pile, so people callit Maiji Mountain. To the southwest of the mountain is a precipice, on which thegrottoes are cut. Some of them are 20 or 30 meters away from the base of themountain, while others are 70 or 80 meters away. Hundreds of caves and Buddhastatues excavated on such a steep cliff are rare in Chinas grottoes.

The scenery around Maiji Mountain is beautiful. The mountains are denselycovered with cypresses, pines, wild flowers and grass. Climbing to the top ofthe mountain, you can see green hills all around you. You can see thousands ofmountains and valleys, mountains and peaks, pine trees like the sea, clouds andmist, and the distant scenery is intertwined, forming a beautiful picture. Thispicture is known as "Maiji misty rain" which is the first of the eight scenicspots in Tianshui. Among the famous Grottoes in China, Maiji Mountain is thebest natural scenery.

Maijishan Grottoes is a national key cultural relic protection unit. It wasbuilt in 384 ad. after more than ten dynasties of continuous excavation andrenovation, it has become one of the famous large-scale Grottoes in China and aworld-famous art treasure house. There are 194 caves, including more than 7200clay sculptures and stone carvings from the 4th century to the 19th century, andmore than 1300 square meters of murals. The Maijishan grottoes are located in anextremely dangerous position. Most of them are built on cliffs. All the grottoesare accessible by the aerial trestle road erected on the cliff surface. Visitorscant help but thrill when they climb these winding trestle roads. The ancientsonce praised these projects: "between the cliffs, carved stone into Buddha,thousands of niches and caves.". Broken from the human force, suspected to be amiracle. " There is also a saying among the people nearby that "after cuttingthe firewood in Nanshan Mountain, build the Maiji cliff" and "first there is tenthousand Zhang firewood, then there is Maiji cliff". It can be seen that theconstruction of the trestle road was arduous and grand.

Maijishan Grottoes art is famous for its exquisite clay sculpture art athome and abroad. Historian Fan Wenlan once praised Maijishan as "a largeexhibition hall for displaying statues". If Dunhuang is a large mural Museum,Maiji Mountain is a large sculpture museum. The statues here are more than 15meters high and only 20 centimeters small, reflecting the characteristics ofstatues of different ages in the past thousand years and systematicallyreflecting the development and evolution of clay sculpture art in China. Theclay sculptures here can be roughly divided into four types: high floatingsculptures protruding from the wall, round sculptures completely away from thewall, moulded shadow sculptures and wall sculptures pasted on the wall. Amongthem, thousands of life size round sculptures are regarded as treasures becausethey are full of life interest.

The statue of Maijishan has two obvious characteristics: strong nationalconsciousness and secularization. Except for the early works, from the NorthernWei Dynasty, almost all of the Buddha statues have the posture of looking down,with amiable faces. Although they are gods in heaven, they are like secularpeople, becoming the embodiment of peoples good wishes. From the shape andclothing of the statue, it is gradually getting rid of the influence of foreignart, reflecting the characteristics of the Han nationality.

Many caves in Maiji Mountain have been built into a unique "cliffPavilion". The seven Buddha Pavilion, 15 meters above the head of the clayBuddha on Dongya, is a typical Han style cliff Pavilion in China. It was builton a cliff 50 meters above the ground and was excavated in the middle of the 6thcentury. Although Maijishan grottoes are mainly clay sculptures, there are alsoa certain number of stone carvings and murals. Maijishan Grottoes have beenlisted as a key cultural relic protection unit of the state. More than 1300meters of elevated plank road have been newly erected and restored, so thatvisitors can successfully access all the grottoes. The largest statue inMaijishan Grottoes is 16 meters, and the smallest one is only more than 10centimeters. The statue in cave 44 is called "Venus of the East" by theJapanese. The clothes of the statues in caves 78 and 128 of the Western QinDynasty are carefully painted. The statues on the seven Buddha Pavilion, whichis more than 70 meters high, are beautiful. The frescoes on the top of thecorridor are exquisite. The pictures of cars, horses and pedestrians on the topof the west end are not the same no matter from which point of view, which canbe called the classic composition of frescoes in China.

暑假，妈妈带我去长城游玩，那里有连绵起伏的山峦和清新的空气等等……，让人感到心旷神怡，长城嵌在山中，山峦一起一伏，像波浪在波动。长城伴随着山中的一草一木和中国古代人民的智慧和劳动的结晶!啊!那见证了中国不是懦弱的，而是伟大的，长城代表了中国古代的辉煌业绩，中国人的力量和智慧是无穷的!

开始爬后我发现长城很难爬，特别是爬起来后会有一种阻力，要让你使出更大的力气的力气和毅力才能继续爬。

爬了一会后，我们到了好汉碑前，在那休息了一会后，我们又继续爬。

越往上爬，我发现人越来越多，最终，我们堵在一个台阶上，上也上不去下也下不来只能呆在原位不动，我突然想了一个问题：“为什么天气那么热还有那么多人来呢?”原来因为长城是世界奇观，而且，长城是宇航员在太空能看见的建筑之一，而且长城是中国的智慧结晶，身为中国人，怎么会不为中国古代人的力量而感慨呢? 中国是中国人的摇篮，赖以生存的地方，为了防止外敌侵入，长城为我们立下了汗马功劳，而我在长城上却看到人们写某某某着到此一游，这不是损坏我们保卫祖国的“大将”，虽然现在长城“抵抗力”弱了，不中用了，怎么能把好端端的长城用来糟蹋吧!为此我感到很震愤!

啊!长城，你是我们国家的心血，你是我们祖国和平的象征!

Tourists, you are now in Xiuwu County, 30 kilometers away from JiaozuoCity, Henan Province, where Yuntai Mountain is located. Yuntai Mountain is namedbecause of its precipitous situation and frequent clouds and fog among thepeaks. Yuntai Mountain is also the only scenic spot in Henan Province with sevennational titles, including National Forest Park, National Geopark and the firstbatch of 5A national scenic spots. The main scenic spots are: Hongshi gorge,Zifang lake, quanpu gorge, Yuntai Tianpu, Zhuyu peak, etc.

After the visit, Xiao Xiang reminded everyone to take a good road. In themeantime, we have come to hongshixia. Hongshi gorge is about 1 km long and 68meters deep. The widest part is more than 30 meters, and the narrowest part isonly a few meters. When you come to Hongshi gorge, youd better stand on thebridge and have a look down. The red gorge, against the backdrop of green waterand green mountains, is just like a line of red among thousands of green, whichis spectacular. At this time, some people may want to ask: Why are the rockshere red? This is because the rocks in hongshixia are rich in iron ore. as timegoes on, the iron ore material slowly oxidizes, and the cliff is dyed red. Thus,the wonderful landscape of Danxia blue water is formed.

When you enter the valley, do you think it is cooler than outside? Pleasesee, there are cliffs on both sides, surrounded by mountains, which makes theair in the valley difficult to circulate, forming a unique climatecharacteristic in the valley: warm in winter and cool in summer. The annualtemperature is about 10 ℃, so hongshixia is also known as "wenpanyu".

Friends, please remember: "walking does not watch the scenery, watchingdoes not walk.". Continue to move westward with Xiaoxiang. Now the endless Lakewe see is what the local people call Zifang lake. Zifang lake is named afterZhang Liang, a famous doctor of the Western Han Dynasty, who lived in seclusionhere. It is the only lake water landscape in Yuntai Mountain scenic area. Thewater quality of Zifang lake is excellent, the deepest is about 65 meters. Peachblossom jellyfish is a rare wild animal found in the lake. It is one of the mostprimitive and lowest invertebrates on the earth. It gets its name because itlooks like peach blossom. Because it is on the verge of extinction, the peachblossom jellyfish is also known as the "giant panda in the water.".

After Zifang lake and Manshui bridge, you can see the Mountain Gate oflaotangou. There is also a beautiful legend about laotangou: it is said thatthere was a dragon king in the sky. In order to save the people from drought, hesecretly rained in spite of the Jade Emperors will. He lived in a deep poolhere and called it "Longtan". Later, some people changed "Dragon" into "old" toshow their respect for the dragon, so it became "old" Im in the old ditch.

Tourists, the magnificent waterfall in front of you is Yuntai mountainwaterfall. It falls 314 meters and is about 5-7 meters wide. It is the largestwaterfall found in Asia. Therefore, it is called "Tianpu". It is also the mostscenic spot in Yuntai mountain. Standing next to it, I believe you will alsofully appreciate the magnificent momentum of "flying down 3000 feet, suspectedto be the Milky way falling nine days".

What you see ahead is Zhuyu peak. Zhuyu peak, 1304 meters above sea level,is the main peak of Yuntai mountain. It is named after the ancient Chinesemedicinal plant Zhuyu. There are two sightseeing routes for Zhuyu peak: one isto climb 1667 steps to reach Shengding Zhuyu peak, on which there is Yaowangcave, which is said to be the place where Sun Simiao practiced pills andcollected herbs; the other is Chongyang Pavilion in the upper reaches ofFenghuang mountain. There are two thousand year old maple trees, one female andone male. It takes two hours to visit Zhuyu peak and one hour to visit Fenghuangmountain. We can make our own arrangements according to our own physicalstrength. We are still gathering here at 12:30 noon. Please remember that it is12:30 noon. Well, thats all for the tour of Yuntai mountain. I wish you all thebest in the next tour. Thank you for your support!

九连城简介→概况→睡观音景观→广场(附罗哲文题石)→过街城楼→9号空心敌楼(附马道·垛口墙·女墙)→8号铺房敌楼→马面→7号空心敌楼→6号墙台→5号铺房敌楼→4号墙台→山险墙→山顶敌楼(附界碑·于赤岛·虎山码头·烽火台)→2号墙台、附栈道口)→邦山台(附长城历史博物馆·护城河遗址·子母岩)→千米栈道(附老虎洞·虎口·悬梯·铁索桥·水帘洞)→一步跨→虎踞龙盘主题雕塑

【九连城简介】

各位游客，我们现在经过的是九连城镇，在我给您介绍它之前我先给大家朗诵一首诗。“九连城畔草芊绵，鸭绿津头生暮烟。对岸鸟鸣分异域，隔江人语戴同天。皇仁本自无私覆，海国从来奉朔虔。分付边人慎封守，莫教樵牧扰东田。”这是明朝嘉靖年间，辽东巡抚王之诰巡查边地来到虎山长城。他触景生情，书写七律诗一首：这首诗气势平稳，抒写了虎山一带辽东边地和平宁静的气氛。诗里面所提到的九连城就是现在我们所在的地方。九连城始建于金代,元朝时是婆娑府巡检司治所。明朝始称九联城,后改称九连城,并增建镇江城。九连城位于美丽江城丹东市东北二十五里的鸭绿江畔，因为当地有相连的九座古代城址，所以从明代开始，就叫它为“九连城”了。九连城的历史很久，与它隔叆河相望中江岛上叆河上尖村汉“西安平县”故城，不到五里，这里很早就被开发起来了。到了金代，九连城有了行政建置，成为婆娑府路的治所;元代，是婆娑府路巡检司的驻地;明代，于此地增筑镇江城，并将长奠堡游击移来这里，是辽东东南部边境上的军事要地，也是明、清两代中国与朝鲜通商的要道，同时，还是两国使节往来的必经之地。

九连城古城址，在九连城村北与村西，大小九城相连，东面有叆河与鸭绿江，后面有镇东山，形势十分险要。清代光绪年间，陈本植曾对古城址进行过调查，描绘九连城的情状：“细辨围壕界址，其势乃长短方圆相环，共计营围有九，与贡道旁之土城三面分峙”。现在城址尚存四处、了望台五处。一座在九连城村西，城址近方形，有东西两门，南墙长二百二十五米，夯土墙存高约四米。在城内出土辽、金、元时期的各类瓷片、琉璃珠、残碎砖瓦和大石臼与宋“崇宁重宝”钱等，说明此城是经历了辽、金、元三个时期的古城址。

自元代以来，九连城和朝鲜进行通商贸易往来，成为“互市”之所。清代贸易在中江岛上进行。岛上的马市台，也称“中江台”，即今马市台村。当时贸易是在每年春二月和秋八月十五以后，双方都到马市台进行物资交流。清代博明在《凤城琐录》中记载了贸易情况：每年“春秋仲月望后，朝鲜役以牛货济，陈于江干，驻防兵于台役夫以布七千五百十四段，易牛二百、盐二百九十九包、海菜万五千八百斤、海参二千二百斤、大小纸十万八千张、绵麻布四百九十九段、铁犁二百具。以京畿、平壤、黄海三道商各一人承办，义州知州率员役领之”。清末，又将“互市”地点迁往九连城。明朝时期，日本倭寇屡次侵犯朝鲜，也不断侵扰中国，明政府给以坚决回击，同时为了援助朝鲜抗击倭寇，明朝将士多次渡过鸭绿江，协助高丽，击退倭寇的侵犯。1894年10月26日，日军入侵中国九连城和安东。这是中日甲午战争期间日军侵入中国领土的第一次战役。10月20日，日军攻陷朝鲜义州。24日，渡鸭绿江。25日，进犯九连城东北之虎山。清军前路总兵马金叙率部与敌鏖战，无援而败;26日后路总兵聂士成继起抗击，亦败。26日，日军入侵中朝交通要道九连城，陷安东等城，进逼辽阳。当时，主将宋庆总统70余营清军驻防东北，但诸将不服节制，散漫无纪，战斗力差，又未作周密布置，故遭失利。关于九连城的历史我就给大家介绍到这里，前面就是我们的目的地虎山景区。

【概 况】

各位游客，这里是鸭绿江国家重点风景名胜区虎山景区，位于辽宁省丹东市东北12.5公里，地处中朝界河鸭绿江畔。景区内的虎山长城，是我国著名的明代万里长城的最东端，它横跨祖国的千山万水，西与甘肃的嘉峪关长城相连。

大家知道，万里长城是我国古代各族劳动人民创造的一项伟大的军事防御设施，它那悠久的历史，艰巨的工程，雄伟的气势，不但在我国历代古建筑中少有，在世界上也属罕见。万里长城和埃及的金字塔、印度的泰姬·玛哈尔陵、伊斯坦布尔的圣·索菲亚教堂等，一起被誉为世界建筑史上的奇迹。

除了长城，虎山景区还有睡观音、中朝边境一步跨、古栈道、铁索桥、老虎洞等景点和即将开发的高句丽千年古井、辽代千年古庙等古建筑遗址。虎山景区现有两条游览路线，一条是虎山长城城上游览线，一条是绕山千米栈道游览线。

【睡观音】

各位游客，在进入景区之前我们遥望虎山，那掩映在崇山峻岭之间的长城敌楼已依稀可见。从这里纵览虎山，整个山形很像一个仰卧的观音，从西向东依次是长发、头部、胸部、衣裙，栩栩如生。当地人都叫她睡观音，提起睡观音还有一段的传说。相传， 三月初三是王母娘娘的寿诞。每年这个时候王母娘娘都要举行蟠桃盛会，来宴请给她祝寿的众仙，观世音菩萨每年也都给王母祝寿。这一年观音菩萨骑着犼(“犼”因同“吼”，观音菩萨的坐骑，形似马，长一二丈，有鳞片，浑身有火光缠绕;会飞，食龙脑，极其凶猛。)去给王母娘娘祝寿。观音祝寿归来的途中经过叆河见此处丰泽水美，于是便在叆河里洗去一路风尘，她的坐骑犼也随着观音在水中嬉戏。观音沐浴之后顿生疲倦便在河边睡着了，犼也伏在观音脚下沉沉睡去。不知过了多久，观音算到如来到了普陀山便突然惊醒，急忙唤醒脚下的犼骑犼而去。观音为了下次能再来到这美丽的地方便在刚才睡觉的地方留下化身变山为记。所以，很多后人都认为此山与普陀山山形相似，甚至有人认为比普陀山更像观音睡相。所不同的是在观音脚下多了一只相马一样的兽，故此后人就将此山叫马耳山。(虎山旧称)。

虎山是突起于鸭绿江与爱河交汇处的一座孤山，在明代称马耳山，清代称虎耳山，到了近代才称为虎山。虎山整个山体形如蹲虎，而两座形状相似、海拔相近的主峰恰似虎头上的双耳，所以又称“虎耳双峰”，曾列为安东八景之一。虎山因山势陡峭阻断东西交通，南控鸭绿江水路，所以有极其重要的战略地位，历来为兵家必争之地。

明长城的建筑规模是秦皇、汉武之后，任何一个朝代都不能与之相比的。其防御工程技术也有了很大发展。历史上，明代在长城沿线设有九个军镇，也称九边。每个军镇设总兵，指挥本镇所辖长城沿线的兵马。正如《明史》记载的那样：“终明之世，边防甚重。东起鸭绿，西抵嘉峪，绵亘万里，分地守御。初设辽东、宣府、大同、延绥四镇，继设宁夏、甘肃、蓟州三镇，而太原总兵治偏头，三边制府驻固原，亦称二镇，是为九边。”九边中的第一个军镇就是辽东镇。辽东镇管辖东起鸭绿江西至山海关长城沿线的防御，而虎山长城的位置正处于辽东镇管辖的这段长城的东端。

明辽东镇境内的长城也称“辽东边墙”，是为防御北方蒙古残元势力兀良哈部和女真人各部侵扰，保护东北边地的安全而修筑的。虎山长城的主要作用，是为防御建州女真人的侵扰。虎山长城始建于明成化五年，即公元1469年，是由当时的辽东副总兵韩斌督建的。虎山长城的军事设施，主要包括长城墙体、墙台、敌台、马面、烽火台、护城河、拦马墙等，这些设施构成了一个较为完备的防御体系。

但是，由于历史原因，明代万里长城东端起点却长时间湮没无闻，它的具体定位，一直没有确定下来。建国后，各级文物工作者一直在寻找这个“东起鸭绿”的长城东端起点。20世纪80年代初，丹东市文物部门在文物普查中发现虎山南北有连绵不断的长城墙体和墙基，初步提出“万里长城绵延丹东”的论点。为进一步确认明长城东端起点的具体位置，给修复工程提供科学依据，组建了由辽宁省和丹东市文物考古专家组成的省、市联合长城考察组开展工作。考察组考察了几十处有关地点，行程20xx多公里，终于澄清了种种错误说法，确定了明代万里长城东端起点的准确地理位置。同时，经国家文物局批准，由辽宁省文物考古研究所和丹东市文物管理办公室文物专家组成考古发掘队，对虎山遗址进行考古发掘，确认了虎山长城的走向及相关建筑的形象、结构、用料等特征，取得一系列重要成果。

同年12月，丹东市政府召开了“明长城东端起点论证会”。应邀到会的国家、省著名文物、考古、古建筑专家们经实地考察，认真讨论，一致认为：“现有考古发掘材料证明，明代万里长城东端起点在辽宁省丹东市宽甸满族自治县虎山乡鸭绿江畔的虎山地段，即东经124°30′，北纬40°13′。”并指出，“为了保护万里长城东端起点的这一重要遗迹，为了弘扬中华民族的伟大智慧和创造精神、对人民进行爱国主义教育，为了开发丹东地区的风景名胜资源、扩大丹东在国内外的知名度，根据对万里长城‘全面保护、重点维修’的原则，重点修复这一段长城是完全必要的。”1991年10月，已故中国长城学会常务理事、研究员朱希元先生亲率设计人员自北京来虎山遗址草拟修复设计方案。1992年2月，丹东市政府再次邀请国家、省考古、古建筑、风景园林专家，召开“明长城东端起点修复设计论证会”，通过了“虎山长城修复设计方案”。随后，这一方案经辽宁省文化厅转呈国家文物局批准后实施。

各位游客，我们现在看到的虎山长城，就是依据1992年通过的“虎山长城修复设计方案”在明长城遗址上修复起来的。本着文物“修旧如旧”原则，修复后的长城走势和各个敌楼、墙台、烽火台的位置都是与文物考古发现的原址相吻合的。基本上真实再现了历史上虎山长城的雄姿。虎山长城现已修复1200延长米，包括过街城楼、敌楼、战台、马面12座及烽火台一座。城墙高8米、底宽5米，城墙上马道宽4米，垛口宽0.5米。

明朝是继秦汉之后我国历史上最大规模修筑长城的朝代，也是最后一个修筑长城的朝代。从秦长城到明长城，在这一千多年的历史长河里，长城的防御体系和修筑长城的材料都在不断地改进和完善。明辽东长城的修筑形式主要有夯土墙、劈山墙、山险墙、石墙、砖墙、砖石墙、木栅墙、边壕等多种。修复后的虎山长城以砖石结构为主。长城墙体马道以下部分为自然石块砌筑，垛口墙及马道以青砖为主。虎山北麓按照考古发现恢复了山险墙。其中以砌石为主的长城墙体是虎山长城的显著特点，重新恢复的山险墙是体现虎山长城雄伟险峻特征的重要地段之一。

各位游客，由于虎山长城地处中朝边境，所以和游览别处的长城不同，登临虎山长城，我们不仅要领略长城文化，还可以饱览异国风光。“不到长城非好汉”!各位游客，下面就让我们开始虎山长城之旅吧!

【广 场】(附罗哲文题石)

各位游客，这里是景区广场。从这里翘首虎山长城，它仿佛一条巨龙，时隐时现蜿蜒在崇山峻岭之上。虎山长城地处辽东边陲，四时景色分明。秋天，黄叶纷飞，衬托着边关的辽远;而每当冬天来临，大地一片洁白，长城突兀起伏于虎山之巅，让人不由得想起毛泽东的《沁园春·雪》中的诗句，真是“山舞银蛇，原驰蜡象”!

大家请看，这块巨大的岩石上刻有一首诗：“清清绿江水，巍巍虎山头。长城从此始，万里壮神州。”这是国家文物局古建筑专家组组长、中国长城学会名誉会长罗哲文先生于1990年题写的。

【过街城楼】

各位游客，现在我们看到的是过街城楼。它位于虎山的北坡，是虎山长城的标志性建筑。楼高23.6米，共五层，其中主体三层，箭楼二层。主体高9.6米，主体上女墙高0.8米，底层进深20.5米，用仿古青砖砌筑而成。箭楼部分为仿木结构，高14米，开间14米，进深11米，每层顶部都是青瓦挑檐。整个楼体以红色为主，给人以雄浑的历史韵味。过街楼是长城区域内一般城楼的统称因跨路而建故此称作过街楼。

【9号空心敌楼】(附马道·垛口墙·女墙)

各位游客，现在我们沿着过街城楼右侧的长城入口登上长城。

登上长城，我们就开始了历史之旅，文化之旅。现在我们顺着青砖铺就的马道，从北向南游览。

中国的长城把百座雄关、隘口，成千上万座敌台、烟墩联成一体，成为古代建筑工程史上的奇观。但即使是同一个朝代的城墙，也是因地制宜进行修建，在建筑结构和形式上各具特点，而且各个朝代的长城防御设施的名称也有所差异。

下面，我先向大家介绍一下虎山长城马道以上城墙的基本结构和功能。

这是城墙顶部宽阔的马道，马道的宽度是4米。靠马道东面的墙也叫垛口墙，垛口的宽度0.5米。大家注意，垛口的边缘为什么都是45°角的“V”型呢?原来这样既缩小了垛口的宽度，又增大了视野范围和射击范围。大家看，每一个垛口中间的青砖上都有直径约6～8公分的圆孔，它平时用来插战旗，战时用来固定火炮。火炮是明代的一种远射程火器，与铳相似，可以远距离杀伤敌人。垛口的下部有一个小洞，叫做射眼，是用来射击敌人的。从以上的设计中不难看出，虎山长城在结构上是十分科学的。

靠马道西面的墙也叫女墙，女墙高约1米，墙上有通风孔。每隔3米有深约10公分的凹槽，也叫排水沟，还设有挡水墙，外面有一个长长的石槽伸出墙外，叫吐水嘴，以防积水渗漏进墙体。

各位游客，现在我们来到了9号空心敌楼。敌楼是骑墙的墩台，高出城墙之上，有两层的，也有三层的。守城兵卒可住在里面，并可储存武器、弹药等。这种空心敌楼发明于明隆庆年间，此前的敌台都是实心的台子，既不能掩蔽兵卒，又不能贮存军火、兵器。明隆庆三年，即1569年，戚继光镇守蓟州，任地方总兵时，发现了这一问题。经过考察研究，戚继光提出修建一种新型敌楼，对长城沿线的敌台进行改造，提高了防御能力。这种新型敌楼，就是我们现在看到的这种空心敌楼，这种形式的敌楼应该是隆庆年间从蓟镇传过来的。

9号空心敌楼高5.6米，分上下两层，底层开间8.7米，进深约10米，东西两面墙上共有五个拱形窗口。窗口宽0.5米?熏高0.6米?熏内部镶嵌有木制窗框。敌楼南北两侧的拱券旁也各有一个窗口，通过这些窗口可以观察到长城四周的敌情。在敌楼底层的中间，是通往敌楼上层的楼梯。为节省底层空间，所以楼梯修得较陡。大家通过时要扶好，注意安全。

现在我们来到了9号敌楼的顶层。顶层长10米，宽8.6米。地面四周设有凹槽，这些凹槽是用于排水的孔道。顶层的四面围墙都砌有垛口，可以了望、防御敌人的进攻。这里视野开阔，守城兵卒站得高看得远，可以在敌人距离城墙很远时就发现他们。

【8号铺房敌楼】

各位游客，现在我们继续沿着马道游览。大家请看，长城两侧的槐树和栗子树，已把长城掩映在一片翠绿之中。事实上，古代战时的长城，两侧是没有树木的，这是军事上的需要。我们现在看到的这片树木，属天然次生林和人工栽植的果树。

各位游客，现在我们来到了8号铺房敌楼。这座敌楼共两层。底层内部开间净尺寸为7.7米，进深为10米。底层空间开阔，四面均有窗口，其中东西两侧各有四个窗口，南北拱门两侧各一个窗口。沿着南面的青砖台阶可以上到顶层。台阶很陡，上的时候大家要注意安全。

大家看，敌楼顶层上筑有一座铺房，铺房开间为7.5米，进深约4米，戍守长城的兵卒巡逻时可以在这里临时遮风避雨。

【马 面】

各位游客，这是长城外墙向外挑出的一部分，挑出部分长8.5米，宽5米，正面有四个垛口，侧面各有两个垛口，形成一个突出于墙外的台子。在长城城墙上，这种单面突出墙外的台子，叫做马面。马面在作战时可以发挥很重要的作用。当敌人兵临城下的时候，守城兵卒可以从侧面射击，使登城敌人受到城上和左、右三方面攻击。马面平时也是守城兵卒巡逻放哨的地方。这种防御工事为什么叫“马面”?一是因为挑出的这部分城墙狭长，从侧面看好像突出的马脸;二是因为符合仿生学原理，即马的眼睛长在脸的两侧，视野范围较大。

【7号空心敌楼】

各位游客，这是一座内外两侧各有四个窗口的空心敌楼。它分为上下两层，其形式和功能与我们前面看到的9号空心敌楼相近。

长城既是我国古代劳动人民血汗和智慧的结晶，又是中华民族伟大力量的象征和悠久历史文化的瑰宝。要认识中国历史，不了解长城是难以想象的。长城，作为古代工程的奇迹，其伟大不仅在于它浩繁的工程、严密而科学的防御体系，还在于它本身的建筑艺术。虎山长城当年应该和其他地段的长城一样，在墙顶与垛口的交接之处往往砌成菱角花牙形的边饰;在射孔、通风孔处做成壶门雕饰;在敌楼拱券上留下明代雕刻家们的砖雕艺术等等。但是，限于严谨的有权威性的资料尚未整理出来，因此还没有完全复原虎山长城的建筑艺术。游客朋友们如果有好的主意，欢迎你在这方面提出宝贵的建议。

【6号墙台】

各位游客，现在我们来到了6号墙台。

6号墙台南北两面设有供人马出入的拱形券门?熏它的台面与城墙顶部高低差不多，只是在城墙两侧凸出一部分于墙外，外侧砌有垛口。这种突出城墙墙外的墙台，在作战功能上和马面相似，起到很重要的防御作用。假如没有突出的墙台，在敌人逼近城下登城的时候，城上守兵就不便瞄准，也不便射击。有了突出的墙台，若遇敌人登城，就可从侧面射击，使登城者受到城上和左、右两侧的射击。这种墙台是平时守城士卒巡逻放哨的地方。

【5号铺房敌楼】

在登上5号铺房敌楼之前，大家看一下长城马道上的障墙建筑。这段墙体陡峭，是虎山长城的险隘。障墙与外墙呈垂直状态，是用青砖修造的，墙高1.2米，宽1.7米，这样的墙共5道，并沿山势一道高过一道。这是防止敌人攻入长城后、进而攻上山顶敌台、占领制高点的重要防御措施。掩蔽在墙内的狙击手可以近距离射击攻上城来的敌人。

现在我们登上的是5号铺房敌楼。现在大家可以停下来，回头看看我们走过的路。过街城楼和前面走过的敌楼都已掩映在崇山峻岭之中了。这时候，我们深深地吸一口气，会顿觉心胸坦荡。

古往今来，长城以其悠久的历史、雄伟的气势、深厚的文化内涵吸引了无数的文人墨客。长城诗词、边塞诗词已成为中国文学史上不可或缺的一页。如李白的“长风几万里，吹度玉门关”;王昌龄的“秦时明月汉时关，万里长征人未还”;王维的“劝君更进一杯酒，西出阳关无故人”等等。更有毛泽东的“天高云淡，望断南飞雁，不到长城非好汉，屈指行程二万”、“北国风光，千里冰封，万里雪飘，望长城内外，惟余莽莽，大河上下，顿失滔滔”这样气壮山河的豪迈诗篇。

当然，长城也给予了画家、摄影家、音乐家无穷的灵感。还有我们的国歌，那雄壮的《义勇军进行曲》……应该说，博大精深的长城文化，已经深深地凝聚了我们的民族精神。雄关存旧迹，形胜壮山河。长城，作为历史的丰碑，将永远屹立在一个伟大民族的心灵深处!

【4号墙台】

各位游客，现在我们来到了4号墙台。这是一个长宽均8米的平台，墙上有垛口和射孔、通风孔等。这里曾是守城兵卒与攻入长城的敌军厮杀的战场，如今作为游人观光的平台，我们不但可以在这里凭吊历史，更可以在这里放眼长城内外。大家回头看看，我们一路攀登而来，山脚下的广场、过街城楼、散落的人家以及远处的丹集(丹东——集安)公路，都可以尽收眼底了。大家往左侧看，那就是鸭绿江上有名的“一步跨”。是中朝水路边界最窄的水道。一会儿到了那里，我再向大家做详细介绍。

【山险墙】

各位游客，再往前走就是虎山长城建筑中特有的山险墙结构。

虎山长城山险墙利用陡峭的山岩，在临敌的一面修凿成陡壁代替城墙，再将顶部凿削平坦。考古调查发现，山险墙有的在岩石顶部修有脚登窝;有的打出圆孔，可插上木桩或系上绳子，供守城军士上下行走。修复后的山险墙用砖石在外侧垒砌垛口墙，在内侧垒砌女墙。

从远处看，长城好像从这里断开了，其实作为长城的一种特殊结构，山险墙也是长城的重要组成部分。因为长城总是依山就势而建，有些地方山势陡峭、易守难攻，所以这些地段借用山势，根本就不用再修筑高大的墙体。

【山顶敌楼】(附界碑·于赤岛·虎山码头·烽火台)

各位游客，我们现在的位置是山顶敌楼。这里是虎山长城的制高点，海拔146.3米。山顶敌楼是一座空心敌楼。大家在这里可以多停留一会儿，一来可以稍事休息，二来可以尽情饱览虎山长城全景和鸭绿江两岸风光。

大家知道，鸭绿江是中朝两国的界河，从这里溯鸭绿江上行16公里，在那里树立着中朝两国的界碑——中国一号碑。

南面江心的孤岛叫于赤岛，隶属朝鲜民主主义人民共和国新义州市的义州郡，面积5平方公里，3000多人口。鸭绿江是世界上惟一一条不以主航道为界的界河。它发源于长白山脉白头山南坡，流经中国的吉林、辽宁两省和朝鲜的两江道、慈江道、平安北道，在中国的东港市和朝鲜的龙岩浦附近注入黄海。干流全长795公里，其中流经丹东地区203公里。

各位游客，南面远处那个停泊游船的地方，是鸭绿江与爱河的交汇处，即爱河的入江口。那里是虎山浴场和虎山码头。从丹东市区的边境经济合作区乘游船逆水而上到达虎山码头需要两个小时，游人也可以从水路游览鸭绿江，一览两岸风光。

大家往西看，那是虎山西部低矮山峰，山峰顶上有一座烽火台。烽火台也称墩台、烟墩、狼烟台等，其形式是一个独立的高台子，是利用烽火、烟气以传送军情的建筑。台子上面有守望房屋和燃烟放火的设备，如遇敌情，白天燃烟，夜间放火，用以传送虎山长城的紧急军情。再往西去，在爱河的对岸有丹东最早的县城——汉代西安平县遗址，还有金、元故城九连城、明代镇江城古城址。

各位游客，站在虎山之巅，环顾四周，整个虎山景区已一览无余。静静的鸭绿江在我们的脚下，这是一条历史之江、文化之江、友谊之江。

请大家继续参观。

【2号墙台】(附栈道口)

各位游客。从山顶敌楼南去，是虎山长城最陡峭的一段。这里不便斜铺砖块，于是就砌成梯道，以便上下。有的地方的台阶几乎是垂直的，我们根本看不到前面的下一级台阶。请大家扶好走稳，注意安全。

大家看，这部分外墙没有垛口，而是同内墙一样，呈阶梯状向下延伸。

现在我们看到的是2号墙台。请大家注意，墙台左侧的这个出口是栈道口，一会我们将从邦山台返回，从这里进入栈道。对了，年龄大或身体欠佳的游客如果不想走栈道，可以撑船摆渡，轻松地到达“一步跨”。

【邦山台】(附长城历史博物馆、护城河遗址、韩斌塑像、子母岩)

现在我们来到了邦山台，邦山台是文物工作者在虎山发掘的第一座敌台遗址，编号为1号台。这是明代万里长城的东端第一座敌台。据史书记载，明代辽东镇所辖长城东端的第一座敌台称邦山台。文物考古专家经过考证，认定1号台址就是明代的邦山台。因此，修复后的1号台定名为邦山台。邦山台长26米，宽20米，高10米。修复后的邦山台，台顶架有两门火炮，四周插满彩旗，颇有战时威风。

据史书记载，邦山台并不是很大的敌台，当时可能驻兵7～8名。据辽宁省文物考古专家们推断，邦山台的大小应为方圆10米左右，不应建得过大。但是，为什么把台子建大了呢?原因是有一位著名的旅游专家曾发出这样的忠告：邦山台的位置是整个虎山景区游客的集散地，如果这个敌台规模过小，很容易出现意外事故。由于更多考虑了旅游安全因素，丹东市在重新修复时最终采取了后者的意见。

各位游客，现在请随我进入邦山台内，这里是长城历史博物馆，陈列室分为上、下两层。展览引用历史叙述语言，综合博物馆陈列艺术手段，简练生动地再现了长城的产生、发展的历史。用图片、绘画、雕塑、灯光、音响等艺术手段，绘成了一幅史诗般的长城画卷。

关于馆内的具体陈列，将由馆内解说员为大家详细介绍。

走出博物馆，我们就来到了护城河遗址。护城河是一条人工挖成的河道，它东引鸭绿江水，向西流入爱河，是用来护卫虎山长城的第一道防线。

在虎山山脚下有一尊雕像，其展现出的是一位挥臂指挥的大将军。他就是当年镇守辽东的副总兵韩斌，虎山长城就是他督建的。

各位游客，虎山的海拔虽然很低，但这里也有大自然的杰作。大家往左看，那就是子母岩，多像一位抱着孩子的母亲!

【千米栈道】(附老虎洞·虎口·悬梯·铁索桥·水帘洞)

各位游客，现在我们沿着墙台旁边的入口进入了千米栈道。栈道是从前用木柱、木板等修筑在悬崖绝壁上的通道。大家看，这就是老虎洞，这里有没有老虎住过，我们无从考证，但这个浑然天成的洞穴倒是让人毛骨悚然。再往前走是虎口。

现在我们进入了“虎口”，这话听起来吓人，但大家的确要注意安全。这段险路有20多米长，我们的头上是探出来的巨大而嶙峋的岩石，脚下几乎没有路，请大家扶好踩稳，侧身低头，以免擦伤。

大家注意，走出“虎口”，前面是一段下坡路，仍然险峻，请大家扶好慢行。刚才我们走过的虎口是虎山上形成的天然形成的夹扁石，因此处的位置正好位于虎头的中下部所以被称作虎口。各位游客，大家都知道虎是百兽之王，能在虎口内外走一趟的人都是是大富大贵、长命百岁的人。所以当地人有 “虎口走一走，富贵长寿到永久”的说法。

各位游客，前面这座悬梯几乎是垂直的，大家攀登时要保持一定距离，不要走得太近。

现在我们看到的是索桥，它由五根粗大的钢索组成，有30多米长。大家看，山上有一凉亭，可供三五个游人休息。从这里俯瞰脚下的鸭绿江支流，对岸就是朝鲜国土，异国的田野和民居已近在眼前。

前面又是一段下山路，请大家扶好，注意安全。

顺着栈道往左一拐就是水帘洞了。走到这个巨大的山崖下面，顿有一种阴冷的感觉，你看头顶的石壁上湿漉漉的，正往下滴水呢，而瀑布自山顶泻下，把我们“关”在山崖下面，置身其中，是不是也有几分神话的色彩呢?走出水帘洞，顺悬梯而下，我们就来到了贴近江汊子水面的这一段栈桥，从这里回头再看水帘洞，就可以看到它的全貌了。

接下来，我们还要攀登一座悬梯，请大家侧身、扶好。

现在我们已经下山了。沿着这条甬道往前走，就是一步跨了。

各位游客，我在这里提醒大家，我们右侧的这条江汊子，虽然只有十米八米宽，但仍然是不以中心线为界的中朝界河。也就是说，我们现在正行走在国境线的边缘。大家看，这有一块警示牌，请大家了解一下警示内容，自觉遵守边境边防的有关规定。

【一步跨】

各位游客，现在我们来到了“一步跨”，这是中朝水路边界距离最近的地方，只需一步便可跨出国门。因此，人们形象地称这里是“一步跨”。

“一步跨”的形成，是因为于赤岛在这里将鸭绿江分成两条支流，而作为国界的这一条支流较为细小，最窄处只有一步之遥。大家看，那里特意修了几个石墩，是为了便于游客观光体验。大家可以站到水中的石礅上，找找跨出国门的感觉，但可千万不能跨过去哟。

游客朋友们，虽然我们不能以境外为背景拍照，但我们可以以岸上这块“一步跨”巨石景观为景拍照留念，让你永远留住“国门一游”的美好感受。

各位游客，此时你再看虎山，便会发现眼前的山体宛如一幅展开的长卷，而旁边那一柱细高的巨石连同长在上面的树木像一枝大笔，仿佛要在这“长卷”上赋诗作画。

【虎踞龙盘主题雕塑】

游客朋友们，在离开景区之前我们再来看一下虎山景区的主题雕塑“虎踞龙盘”这座雕塑是20xx年9月完成的。它主体高度是8.8米材质为红色花岗岩，底座高度是1.5米材质为红色花岗岩。首先，我们先来看一下雕塑的底座部分。底座正面镶嵌着黑色的大理石，在大理石上写着“万里长城东端起点—虎山”。这十个穹劲有力的大字是由我们前面介绍过的罗哲文先生所题写的。罗哲文先生将大半生的时间和精力都投入在长城的研究与恢复的工作当中，特别是近十几年罗老更是对虎山长城的修复的工作倾注了大量的心血。正因为此，我们才能有幸重睹虎山长城这一“巨龙之首”的雄姿。接下来我们再来看雕塑的主体部分，主体底部是汹涌的波涛它象征着鸭绿江和叆河。水的上面是山，在山的一侧是一只虎头这座山便是虎山。在山的右侧站着一个留着长发的东方巨人他代表着炎黄子孙、龙的传人。东方巨人右手托起一条巨龙，龙头在巨人掌中龙尾幻化为长城坐落于虎山之上。巨人左手扶着初升的太阳寓意为这里是世界的东方是太阳最早生起的地方。整个雕塑所塑造出的水、山、人、龙、日等造型浑然一体，突出了虎山长城是万里长城最东端起点这一重要地位，同时也显示出只有伟大的中华民族才能修建出这样伟大的建筑工程。

请大家在此拍照留念。

各位游客，愉快的虎山长城之旅即将结束，相信这次富有韵味的长城游、边境游已经给你留下了美好的印象。欢迎你再次光临虎山景区!

大家好！我是黄楚媛小导游。今天，由我来带你们去那前不见头、后不见尾的八达岭长城。

现在，我们已经到了北京有名的八达岭长城的脚下了。你们看，这条像长龙一样的长城，是从东边的山海关到西头的嘉峪关，有一万三千多里。我们已经来到城墙的垛子上，大家看边上，那两个洞。一个是瞭望口，一个是射击口，供瞭望和射击用。这里很美，大家可以看看风景，也可以拍一点照片。可是，请不要留下你们的墨宝和物品。

我们已经来到了城台，这城台，每隔三百多米就有一座。以前，打仗的时候，屯兵就可以在城台上互相呼应。

今天的万里长城已经游玩完了，大家散了吧！

Yangjiang City is located in the southwest coast of Guangdong Province,close to the Pearl River Delta, the hub of western Guangdong. It is adjacent toNanhai in the south, Yunfu in the north, Jiangmen in the East and Maoming in theWest. It is located at 21 ° 28 ′ 45 ″ - 22 ° 41 ′ 02 ″ N and 111 ° 16 ′ 35 ″ -112 ° 21 ′ 51 ″ E. It is 112 km from east to west and 132 km from north tosouth. The total land area is 7813.4 square kilometers, including 26.03% hillyarea, 42.73% mountainous area and 22.17% plain area. The total population is2.8281 million, and the permanent resident population is 2.42 million(20__).

Yangjiang is 247 kilometers away from Guangzhou, 300 kilometers away fromShenzhen and Hong Kong, 160 kilometers away from Zhuhai and Macao, and 230kilometers away from Zhanjiang. The coastline is 341. There are 30 major islandswith a coastline of 49.3 km. The terrain inclines from north to south, close tomountains and sea. The highest peak in the territory is e Huang Zhang (thesecond highest peak in western Guangdong) of Wangfu mountains, with an altitudeof 1337 meters. The longest river is Moyang River (one of the six major riversin Guangdong), with a total length of 199 kilometers. It runs through the cityfrom north to South and flows into the South China Sea from north to south. In20__, the provincial Environmental Protection Department announced that the airquality of Yangjiang reached the national first-class standard.

Water resources: there are 24 rivers in the city with a rainfall collectionarea of more than 100 square kilometers. The water resources reserve is 677000kW and 317000 kW can be developed and utilized. 251 large, medium and smallhydropower stations with an installed capacity of 187200 kW have been built.

Marine resources: the coastline of Yangjiang sea (Island) is 476 km long,the sea area is 34000 square kilometers, the sea beach area is 197000 mu, andthe aquaculture area is 166000 mu. There are seven fishing ports approved by theMinistry of agriculture in the city, including Zhapo, Dongping, Shaba, Xitou,Hebei, the opposite bank and Jiangcheng. Among them, Zhapo fishing port is thenational central fishing port, and Dongping fishing port is the nationalfirst-class fishing port for the masses. Rich squid, shark fin, jellyfish, crab,shrimp, mackerel, grouper and so on. Marine fishing has a long history, richexperience in mariculture, and the output of marine products ranks first in theprovince.

Mineral resources: the proven reserves of coal mine are 7.536 million tons,iron ore 35.216 million tons, copper ore 61.55 million tons, pyrite 70.79million tons, and titanium, tungsten, tin, molybdenum, zinc, coal, gold, rareearth, limestone, granite, quartz sand and other minerals.

Tourism resources: Yangjiang is an excellent tourism city in China withrich tourism resources. Mountains, seas, springs, lakes, forests and caves areall over the city. The natural tourism resources are full of varieties, highgrade and good spatial combination, ranking second to none in GuangdongProvince. Zhapo dajiaowan scenic spot is a national AAAA scenic spot. Lingxiao,Yangchun Bay, has been rated as a national geopark. Hailing Island was named"Chinas top ten most beautiful islands" by China National Geographic magazine,and it is also the only island selected in Guangdong Province. In 20__,Yangjiang City was rated as "Chinas excellent tourism city". The main scenicspots are Dongyue Park, forest park, Beishan Park, Yuanyang Lake Park, BeihuPark and Shijue temple in the urban area, dajiaowan, Mawei island and Shilisilver beach in Hailing Island, Yangjiang hot spring, Donghu, Dongping Pearl Bayand Xinzhou hot spring tourist resort in Yangdong County, Dadongshan andYueliangwan tourist resort in Yangxi County, lingxiaoyan, kongtongyan,longgongyan and Shijue temple in Yangchun City Yuwangshi, Chunwan stone forest,Yuxi three caves, Bajia Baishui waterfall, Baiyong primeval forest area,etc.

各位游客：

大家好!欢迎大家到虎山长城观光旅游。今天有幸陪同大家一起参观，我很高兴，望各能在虎山度过一段美好的时光。

长城是世界闻名的奇迹之一，它像一条巨龙盘踞在中国北方的辽阔的土地上。它是中国古代劳动人民血法的结晶，也是中国古代文化的象征和中华民族的骄傲。

游客们，我们已经来到了著名的长城的东端起点--虎山，虎山位于丹东市城东十五公里的鸭象江畔，是国家级鸭绿江风景名胜区的一个重要景区，隔江与朝鲜的于赤岛和古城义洲相望。

虎山原名马耳山，因两个并排高耸山峰，状似两只竖立的虎耳，亦称虎耳山，至清代演化为今日的虎山，虎山突起于鸭绿江边，平地孤耸，视野开阔，对岸朝鲜的田地、房屋一览无余。作为国门，长城选址虎山，确有军事意义，丹东历次被外敌入侵，虎山首当其冲，总被视为军事要塞，最先遭到攻击，任何一个懂得军事的人都知道，占据制高点，就等于控制了战斗的主动权。在虎山建长城顺理成章，睿智的中国先人，身受卫国之命，责任、义务和自家性命，都不容他们不选择虎山为屏障。明巡抚都御史王之浩登监虎山要塞时，曾写下《登马耳山望朝鲜》一诗。

虎山面积四平方公里，主峰高146.3m。峰顶是万里长城的第一个峰火台。站在峰火台上环顾四周，朝鲜的义州城、中国的马市沙洲和连接丹东与新义州的鸭绿江大桥清晰可见。

虎山环境优美，是早年安东八大名景之一，这里有长城、睡佛、虎口崖等二十八个景点，是丹东城郊绝好的旅游胜地。

虎山长城被发现后，政府开始对它展开保护和修复。1992年曾投资380万元人民币，修复了600多米虎山长城，初现了长城最东端的面貌。20xx年又总投资2230万元人民币，完成了1000多米的长城主体修复。

现在规划中的虎山绿水萦绕，山上长城起伏，环山湖游艇穿梭直通鸭绿江，绿树山花与湖水相映，风景如面。这里将建设民俗村、边贸市场、长城博物馆、美食街等。经国家批准正在修复的虎山长城已俊工730多延长米。不久沿江游览路将直通虎山景区，从市区到虎山只需十几分钟就能到达。未来的虎山将是集游览、娱乐、度假、科研于一体的深受游客睛睐的旅游区。

亲爱的游客朋友们：

现在我们乘坐的是巴士四号汽车前往北京，观赏世界历史文化遗产之一——长城。很荣幸成为大家的导游。如果有什么问题，可以请教我。大家下车后一定要记住我们的车牌号，按规定时间返回。祝大家旅行愉快。

游客们，我们来到了长城的脚下。请大家低头看看脚下，它是由一块块灰色的巨砖砌成的，十分平整，五六匹马也可以并行。让我们抬起头来，长城就像蜿蜒的巨龙卧在连绵起伏的崇山峻岭之间雄伟壮观。八达岭长城共有六个烽火台。烽火台共有三个门，其中中间一个最大，它的上面有许多小方块围成的一个正方形。古代时，在那里点火，表示那里有危险。这些烽火台可以在两至三个小时之间将情报传到数千里以外的地方。烽火台分两层，上层是眺望台，下层是士兵吃饭和睡觉的地方，可见烽火台在当时的军事中着多么重要的作用啊!游客们，再往下走我们就到“好汉坡”了，“好汉坡”是指只有好汉才能登上的险坡，是八达岭的必经之路，让我们go!

经过好汉坡，就到峰顶了。游客们，当我们站在峰顶看看这前不见头，后不见尾的.巨龙的时候，真为我国古代劳动人民的无比智慧感到自豪和骄傲吧!

我们的长城之旅到此为止，希望大家有时间还来长城，也希望我的讲解能给大家留下深刻的印象!byebye!

亲爱的游客们，大家好!

我是导游小王，今天我们要游览的是高大坚固、气魄雄伟、举世无双的长城。

请大家向这儿看，长城就是用这些巨大的条石和城砖筑成的。城墙外沿是成排两米多高的城墙，外沿上有着数不清的瞭望口和射击口。城墙上，每隔三百多米就有一座屯兵的堡垒。打仗的时候，两座堡垒之间可以相互呼应。

游客朋友们，单看这数不清的条石，一块就有两三千斤重。那时没有起重机、火车汽车，就靠着无数的胳膊无数的手，人拉肩扛，才凝成了这前不见首、后不见尾的长城。

关于长城，还有许多动人的故事和传说，比如《孟姜女哭长城》、《天下第一关》等，大家有兴趣可以上网查一查。

好了，我们今天的旅程就要结束了，希望大家多提宝贵意见，谢谢大家!

(金山岭长城停车场)

朋友们：你们好!

现在展现在我们面前的，就是闻名中外的金山岭长城。有人说，要看长城之长，上金山岭;要看长城之雄伟，也上金山岭。此话十分有道理。

现在我们所处的位置，在河北省滦平县境内。金山岭长城是北京密云县与河北滦平县的交界线。它西起龙峪口，东到望京楼，全长10.5公里，沿线设有大小关隘5处，67座敌楼，2座烽火台，1988年1月被国务院公布为全国重点文物保护单位。1991年它被国家定为一级旅游景点、风景区。

(停车场至砖垛口的道上)

金山岭长城，始建于北齐，那时为土石结构，单调低矮。十五世纪中叶，明王朝国力由强转弱，北方蒙古族鞑靼、朵颜等各部乘机南侵，京都受到威胁，于是明朝廷决定重修这一段在军事上有重大意义的长城。隆庆元年(公元1567年)明穆宗把抗倭名将戚继光由闽浙调到北方戍边，任命为蓟州总兵。戚继光率部队士兵与当地民夫，对东起山海关、西至镇边(昌平县境)，1000公里的原有长城，普遍进行了改建和重建。边墙城体加宽加高，要冲地段修筑双层的城墙。又在全线修筑1000多座高大坚固的敌楼(又叫敌台或空心敌台)。在戚继光任职的十四年间，就基本完成了这一浩大的工程。在后来的数十年里，明王朝又不断地调兵选将，加以修缮，使它形成一道城墙高峙，战垒林立，能守能攻的坚固防线。金山岭长城，就是其中最突出的一段。这段长城及所属设施都是砖石结构，气势雄伟，旧貌依然。经专家鉴定，是我国万里长城的精华之所在。

金山岭长城充分体现了戚继光“因地制宜，用险制塞”的建筑思想。因此，这段长城设施完备、构筑坚实，布局严谨，攻守兼备。长城沿线的沟壑要冲都设有关口，既能出关巡逻，又可对敌人实行迂回包抄。主要关口加设防线，修筑重墙，山巅上还设烽火台。长城主墙与敌楼挽臂相连，互为一体。一些重要地段往往在主墙道上加设九至十多道障墙。

总观金山岭长城，城关相连，敌楼相望，处处布防，道道设险。遇有战争，烽火传递军情，全线严阵以待。战事和平，沿线驻军可在附近坡地屯田，自筹军粮。

(砖垛口前)

各位朋友，现在我们要进的这个关口叫砖垛口，游人一般都从这里的砖梯登上长城。

据考证，早在北齐时期，就在这里建筑一个关口。戚继光主持修筑金山岭长城时，又在这里重建了这个砖垛口。

砖垛口历来为兵家必争之地。从这一带长城上发现的火炮、手雷、石雷、箭头等武器来看，明朝时这里战事不少。近一个世纪，也有大的战事发生。1933年，东北军张学良的部队，曾经在这里与日本侵略军进行过多次激烈战斗。1948年夏天，北京解放前夕，解放军进攻古北口没有成功。然后改从砖垛口，龙峪口等长城上的关口突破，包抄古北口国民党守军的营地，很快歼灭了敌军，打开了古北口通道。

(手指文字砖)大家请看，这是十分珍贵的文字砖。在这里能见到的并不多，而在将军楼和大狐顶楼中间，500米的城墙上，这种文字砖就多了。这些砖上面主要记载了当年修筑这段长城的年代以及部队番号，如“万历四年震虏骑兵营造”、“万历五年山东左营造”、“万历六年振武右营造”等等。这些文字用楷书或隶书写在砖坯上，烧制而成。长城专家朱希元介绍说，这段文字砖长城，在中国万里长城上是独一无二的。文字砖具有很高的文物价值和观赏价值。

(在砖垛口至东方台的长城上)

漫步在长城上，只要您稍加留心，就会发现一些有趣而独特的东西。

长城底部用条石奠基，上部用长方形青砖包砌，中间用土、沙、石填方。城墙顶部的马道上，都用大方砖铺面，可容六、七人并行。马道的陡坡，都用砖砌成梯形台阶，上下方便，不致于滑倒。这是金山岭长城建筑的独到之处。各位请看，马道上每隔两、三米远，就有一条排水沟，排水沟靠外侧的一端，有一个吐水嘴。这吐水嘴作用有二：一是用来排除雨水，防止雨水冲刷墙体;二是守城士兵从这里施放雷石，打击敌人。不知各位发现没有，有的地方城墙设里外两层。墙顶部靠内侧的一面，用砖砌成高1.5米的墙，叫宇墙，又叫女儿墙。墙顶部靠外侧的一面，用砖砌成高2米的墙，叫垛口墙。垛口墙每隔不远，就有一个旗孔，用来插军旗助威，或以旗作为传递军情的信号。无论内侧的宇墙，还是外侧的垛口墙，都设有上、中、下三层射击孔，可供士兵立着、跪着或卧着三种姿势射击来犯之敌。这又是金山岭长城建筑的独到之处。

另外，金山岭长城上，还可看到数不清的射击孔、了望孔，都饰以各种各样的图案：有桃形、箭头形、刀把形、锯齿形等等，一个个精巧别致，耐人寻味。请大家在游览的过程中细细观察。

(在东方台)

我们中央电视台新闻联播之前播放的片头语长城和中央电视台自用广告语：“传承文明，开拓创新”的背景长城，就是在这里拍摄的。这是金山岭的骄傲，也是万里长城的骄傲。金山岭长城自1986年开放以来，国家领导人曾多次视察。130多个国家驻华使节来观光游览。100多部影视作品展示了金山岭长城的雄姿。北京丽都、王府、凯宾斯基等几十家大饭店多次在这里开展越野攀登，举行篝火联欢、烟花晚会等各种文体娱乐活动。1998年9月，金山岭长城为来自13个国家的“雷励远征计划”活动的160多人在长城上举行大型酒会，取得圆满成功，给大家留下美好的印象。

各位请看(指西方台)，那就是中国台湾“飞人”柯受良1992年飞越长城的地方。当时39岁的柯受良，驾驶着“雅马哈”赛车，象凌空的雄鹰飞越过金山岭长城，成为中华飞跃长城第一人。

1995年10月6日，瑞典有一对青年在那里按中国风俗举行了隆重的婚礼。当时记者问他们为什么要在这里举行婚礼?他们说在长城上举行婚礼有一种特殊的意义，尤其这段长城景观奇特、雄伟壮观，愿自己的婚姻象长城一样牢固可靠。朋友们，你们中是否有人也想到这里举行婚礼，欢度难忘的一刻?如您已婚，也不要遗憾，到这里度金婚纪念日和银婚纪念日也一定终生难忘。

(障墙前的丁字路口)

刚才离开东方台时，有人问我，前面山脊上的那截长城很特别，在这里它起什么作用?现在我就告诉大家，这截高大的城墙叫“支墙”，确实是万里长城所罕见。它与前面的库房楼相通，是库房楼的第一道防线。如果敌兵来犯，守卫在支墙上的士兵可以最先与敌兵交火，万一抵挡不住，可以凭借支墙，边打边撤退，最后撤到库房楼里，继续与敌人战斗。(手指支墙前方两侧的烽火台)各位请看，支墙北面200米的两侧山头上，各有一个圆形的墩台。你们知道那是干什么用的吗?我告诉大家，那叫烽燧，就是烽火台。古代战时，利用它点火报警。夜里点的火叫烽，白天放的烟叫燧。

(在障墙处)

这就是障墙，是金山岭长城特有的设施。在金山岭长城的一些敌楼附近、横着在马道上筑有一道道短墙，这就叫障墙。障墙高2.5米左右，长差不多是马道宽度的三分之二。上面有望孔和射孔，万一敌人攻上长城，守城士兵可以据守障墙，进行抵抗和反击。

(进库房楼)

这座敌楼，就是鼎鼎有名的“库房楼”。它比一般敌楼大，在长城的军事设施上最富代表性。这座敌楼不仅有支墙、障墙等防卫设施，它的外侧还筑有一个半圆形战台，叫月城，上面设有密集的射击孔，这是库房楼的第三道防线。在距离障墙约50米的山坡上又筑有一道“挡马墙”，阻挡敌人的骑兵接近。“挡马墙”就是库房楼的第二道防线。这座楼防守如此严密，说明它不是一般的敌楼，可能是史料中记载的叫做“总台”的敌楼，因它旁边有座库房而被称“库房楼”。

Ladies and gentlemen

How do you do!

Im the tour guide who will show you around Huangshan scenic area thistime. You can call me Lu Dao.

Please pay attention to safety. Now we have reached Tangkou, an importanttown in the south of Huangshan scenic spot. First of all, I would like tointroduce the general situation of Huangshan.

Huangshan Mountain, located in the south of Anhui Province, China, is partof the Nanling Mountains, covering an area of about 1200 square kilometers. TheMount Huangshan mountain system is interrupted. It is the essence of MountHuangshan. That is the Mount Huangshan scenic spot we want to browse, with anarea of about 154 square kilometers. It is located in Huangshan City, adjacentto she County, Huizhou District, Xiuning County and she County in the south, andHuangshan District in the north; these five counties and districts are alsounder the jurisdiction of Huangshan City.

There is also a magic legend in Huangshan. Before the Tang Dynasty, it wascalled Yi mountain, which was black in appearance. Because there were many rockson the mountain, it was green black, and the ancients gave it such a name. It issaid that the Yellow Emperor Xuanyuan, the ancestor of the Chinese nation, wasin business after the unification of the Central Plains. After the founding ofChinese civilization, he came here to collect herbs and refine alchemy, bathe inhot springs, and became an immortal. Li Longji, the famous emperor of the TangDynasty and the Ming emperor, believed this very much. In the sixth year ofTianbao (747), he issued an imperial edict to change the name of Yishan toHuangshan, which means that this mountain belongs to the Yellow Emperor. Sincethen, the name of Huangshan has been up to now. Do you understand.

Next, Id like to introduce the "four wonders" of Huangshan.

When it comes to Huangshans "four wonders", of course, Qi song ranksfirst. Huangshan strange pine is first of all strange in its extremely tenaciousvitality, you cant help but call it strange. Generally speaking, where there issoil, plants and crops can grow, while Huangshan grows from hard Huanggangstone. There are pine trees growing everywhere in Huangshan Mountain. They growon the top of peaks, cliffs and deep valleys. They are lush and full ofvitality.

Grotesque stones are another unique feature of Huangshan. Strange rocks canbe seen everywhere in Huangshan. The shapes of these rocks vary greatly. Someare like people, some are like objects, and some reflect some myths, legends andhistorical stories. They are vivid and interesting. Among the 121 famous stones,the more famous ones are "feilaishi", "immortal playing chess", "magpie climbingplum", "monkey watching the sea".

Some of these strange stones are huge, some are exquisite, some areindependent, some are several combinations or combined with Qisong.

Lets talk about the sea of clouds. Although the sea of clouds can be seenin other famous mountains in China, none of them is as spectacular andchangeable as Huangshan.

About this reason, Huangshan has another name, Huangshan sea. This is not afalse claim, it is a sign of history. Pan Zhiheng, a famous historian in theMing Dynasty, lived in Huangshan for several decades and wrote a 60 volume book,Huangshan Mountain chronicles, which is called Huanghai. The names of somescenic spots, hotels and many landscapes in Huangshan are all related to thisspecial "sea". If some landscapes are viewed in the sea of clouds, they will bemore authentic and have more charm. All these also prove that the name "YellowSea" is worthy of the name.

There are many, many, many views of Huangshan, which cant be explainedcompletely. Please go and watch it yourself. Its hot spring. Please payattention to safety. This tour is over. thank you!

宜昌位于湖北省西南部、长江中游，古称“水至此而夷，山至此而陵”得名夷陵，地扼渝鄂咽喉，上控巴夔，下引荆襄，素有“三峡门户”之称。

宜昌依江而建，是中国中部重要的交通枢纽，宜昌是三峡大坝、葛洲坝等国家战略设施的所在地，被誉为“世界水电之都”。下面我们要去参观的是宜昌境内的世界第一坝——三峡大坝。我们的车现在正行驶在三峡专用公路上了，三峡专用公路是三峡工程配套工程之一，是现在进入三峡坝区的唯一通道，公路上有桥梁34座，其中特大型桥梁4座，双线隧道5座，其中最长的“木鱼槽”隧道单线长3610米，是当时我国最长的公路隧道之一。三峡大坝距下游葛洲坝水利枢纽工程38公里;是当今世界最大的水利发电工程。三峡大坝工程包括主体建筑物及导流工程两部分，全长约2309m，坝高185m，工程总投资为4954.6亿人民币，于1994年12月14日正式动工修建，20xx年5月20日全线修建成功。

三峡大坝工程包括主体建筑物工程及导流工程两部分。大坝为混凝土重力坝，坝顶总长3035米，坝顶高程185米，正常蓄水位175米，总库容393亿立方米，其中防洪库容量221.5亿立方米，能够抵御百年一遇的特大洪水。三峡大坝左右岸安装32台单机容量为70万千瓦水轮发电机组，安装2台5万千瓦电源电站，其2250万千瓦的总装机容量为世界第一，三峡大坝荣获世界纪录协会世界最大的水利枢纽工程世界纪录。三峡工程是迄今世界上综合效益最大的水利枢纽，在发挥巨大的防洪效益和航运效益。三峡大坝建成后，形成长达600公里的水库，采取分期蓄水，成为世界罕见的新景观，

工程竣工后，水库正常蓄水位175米，防洪库容221.5亿立方米，总库容达393亿立方米，可充分发挥其长江中下游防洪体系中的关键性骨干作用，并将显着改善长江宜昌至重庆660公里的航道，万吨级船队可直达重庆港，将发挥防洪、发电、航运、养殖、旅游、南水北调、供水灌溉等十大效益，是世界上任何巨型电站无法比拟的。

下面我要给大家分清方位，顺江流的方向而分辨左岸和右岸。拦河大坝以左岸为起点，延伸到长江南岸的白岩尖，轴线全长约为2309米，属于混凝土重力坝，大坝建成以后，坝顶宽15米，底宽124米，坝顶高程是185米。这样万里长江就在西陵峡中段被拦腰截断了，从三峡大坝直至商议重庆市六百多公里水路就形成一个天然的河道型水库，水库容量为393亿立方米。正常水位蓄水是海拔175米，洪水来领之前，便会开闸泄洪，将海拔降到145米，等待洪峰的来临，这样就有效的避免洪峰给我们长江下游带来的灾害。大家如果登上坛子岭的顶部观景台，便可俯瞰三峡坝区的施工全貌，饱览西陵峡黄牛岩的秀丽风光和秭归新县城的远景。接着我们要乘坐观光车前往下一个景点：185观景平台，因其海拔高达185米，所以取名185观景平台。它与大坝的坝顶是等高的，从左手方向看去，就是已经修建完工的拦河大坝的正面。离我们最近的就是垂直升船机的修建部位。从您的右手方向看去就是已经蓄水到165 米水位的三峡水库。大坝的正常蓄水水位达175米，也就是我们脚下的10米高度的地方。现在我们下车就可以一览无余地近观大坝的背影和高峡出平湖的壮丽景观。

最后我们要前往截流纪念园。截流纪念园于1995年在三峡坝区建成开放。它是以三峡工程的截流为主题，集游览，科普，表演，休闲等功能为一体的国内首家水利工程主题公园。大家所看到的这个景区占地面积93万平方米，投资3000多万。现在大家看到的用金黄色的字体写着“截流再现”四个大字的就是我们的截流再现放映厅，它是采用现代高科技的幻影成像技术，更加直观生动地向大家再现长江三峡的截流。大家有没有觉得三峡大坝是一个十分伟大的工程呢?

看完我们的三峡大坝，大家的心中有没有觉得十分感慨?非常感谢大家今天的配合，现在我们先回酒店休息，晚上再告诉大家明天的具体行程。

Welcome to changsha, hunan! I am your tour guide, my name is x, you can call me little x. In order to facilitate everyone to visit, let me first introduce the history of changsha in hunan province.

15-20xx00 years ago, human activity has started in changsha. About 7000 years ago, changsha began to form the village. About 2400 years ago in the spring and autumn period and the warring states period chu in changsha city. Until today, the site has not changed, more than 20xx years ago the location of the road and even today the streets are still coincidence, therefore, changsha become the longest in the history of Chinese city one of the cities at the same address.

The different historical period, changsha has "LinXiang", called "tam states"; Changsha tang and song dynasty and Ming dynasty and qing dynasty, its economy and culture as its most prosperous period in history. The earliest documented in the name of "changsha" ", wang shifu book will be about tribute "changsha turtle" say, more than 3000 years ago. Chow period of ningxiang county coal river site unearthed four sheep statue of bronze ware etc reflects the changsha area with the original a connection. Changsha, about 2400 years history of city construction, city was built in the spring and autumn period and the warring states period, chu. "The millet of changsha, chu also." ChuCheng king set county in guizhou, changsha as its scope. By qin qin shi huang unified China, changsha county 36 county, one of which is changsha starts with Chinas administrative division name go down in history. Han period, the capital city of changsha, changsha countries. In the early eastern han dynasty waste "changsha" appointed "changsha county" instead.

In The Three Kingdoms and the western jin dynasty period, changsha county governance, belong to the ancient jingzhou. The late western jin dynasty and the northern and southern dynasties, changsha county and hunan state system of governance.

Sui early withdrawal county, head of changsha as tam state government; The late change state for the county, and changsha, changsha county county governance. When set pool by the tang dynasty, once jiangnan road, Jiang Naxi way. Changsha kiln in the five dynasties period of the tang dynasty, once flourished, become the birthplace of under glaze color. Five dynasties and ten states period for changsha chu capital, which is the only country to changsha for capital.

When the song dynasty by the changsha to pool. Changsha yuelu academy, set up in the northern song dynasty to culture and education to the peak. The yuan dynasty in 1274 to pool state road, HuGuang province seat. Is still the tam state road 1281, hunan DaoXuan comfort seat, subordinate HuGuang provinces; Yuan literate admired day calendar for two years due to the "good" emperors name heaven road, yuan state seat change at the end of the pool. Ming to changsha FuZhi, originally department subordinate HuGuang. The qing emperor kangxi three years to build "hunan province", changsha as changsha government FuZhi and hunan province. When Ming and qing dynasties, changsha, there are four big market and big four, what he said, one of the most important market for China.

Late qing dynasty, zeng guofan became "the first person of hunan", the changsha government emerged important figure in Chinese history, such as Ceng Guoquan, zuo zongtang, Hu Linyi, such as elimination of the taiping heavenly kingdom, started the westernization movement, recovered in xinjiang, etc., cause profound influence to the late qing dynasty of China. Late qing dynasty and early republic of China, changsha become important political and revolutionary activities. The reform movement of Chen Baozhen, tan sitong, establishment of The Times in changsha school. ZiLiJun uprising, China after a sudden flash of inspiration, symbol of tian-hua Chen and Yao Hongye, clear ping feels ashamed uprising, rob rice agitation, are influential activities. Against the qing dynasty in the late qing dynasty made a series of qing dynasty, made great contribution to the establishment of the republic of China.

长城是中国人的骄傲，是世界的奇迹，是守护中国的巨龙。去长城是许多人梦寐以求的事情，也是我的梦想，俗话说：不到长城非好汉。在今天，我终于乘车来到了长城，来到了这个令中国人自豪的巨龙背上。

我在车上，远远地望见长城，便立刻肃然起敬。长城从远处看，就像一条红色的长龙，横卧在绿色的山脉上，它是那么的高大，那么雄伟，以至于我在远处也无法看到它的全貌。长城就像一条随时会腾空而起的，随时会一飞冲天的，随时会使世界所有的人都不得不尊敬中国的巨龙。

来到了长城下，巨龙变了一个样子：它的“身”上的“鳞片”上满是凹坑和刮痕，似乎都在述说着自己两千多年来经历过的风霜艰辛。但巨龙身上的“伤痕”不是失败的象征，而是代表着龙和中国正在前进，虽然遇到了许多困难和风雨，却仍然不退缩，不倒下，经过一番努力后，一声长啸时世界都震撼，是他们明白：中国与中国的巨龙是不会被打败的!

来到了长城上，踏过一块又一块砖，穿过一座又一座烽火台，我自然而然就想起了修建长城的劳动人民来。长城是劳动人民的血汗堆起来的，在人们尊敬长城的同时，也应该尊敬劳动人民，是他们建造了这个奇迹，没有他们，就不会有长城。

我们应该保护好长城，让这个中国的骄傲，世界的奇迹，永远的保存下来。

各位游客，大家好!我是你们的导游胡佳楠，大家可以叫我小胡。欢迎大家到八达岭景区观光旅游。今天有幸陪大家一起参观，我很高兴，希望各位能在八达岭度过一段美好时光。

游客们，现在我们已经来到了著名的八达岭长城。它的特点很自然地呈现在我们面前——高大坚固，雄伟壮观。它从东边的山海关，一直到西边的嘉峪关，有一万三千多里呢!您向远处看，八达岭长城无限延伸着，一眼望不到头。它像一条长龙在崇山峻岭之间蜿蜒盘旋着。我们现在站在城墙顶上，你会发现：城墙顶上十分平整，像十分宽阔的马路，五六匹马可以并行。再到旁边来，你们就会发现许多个2米多高的垛子，整齐地排列着。垛子上有方形的瞭望口和射口，是用来瞭望和射击的。游客们，看到不远处那高高的城台了吗?它们又被称为烽火台。烽火台分为二层，第一层是供士兵休息和吃饭用，第二层是用来察看军情的。只要敌军一来，士兵们就立刻点燃烽火台，并在短暂的时间里通知整个长城。烽火台的作用是那么大呀!

游客们，你们知道长城是怎样建造的吗?让我来告诉你们吧!那时候没有火车，没有汽车，也没有起重机，就靠着无数的肩膀无数的手，一步一步地将条石和城砖抬上着陡峭的山岭。可是你们知道吗?我们脚下踩着的条石一块就有两三千斤重呀，相当于三十个人的重量。古代的劳动人民真辛苦啊!

现在让我给你们细细地讲一讲关于人民修筑长城的故事吧!传说古代有一对夫妻，男的叫范喜良，女的叫孟姜女。在他们结婚时，秦始皇把范喜良抓走去修筑长城。孟姜女每天在家里苦苦等待，终于有一天她按耐不住心里的焦急，去寻找丈夫。可她知道自己的丈夫变成一堆白骨后，便哭倒了一大片长城，成了望夫石。这就是《孟姜女哭长城》的故事。大家听了，是不是对长城又又有了新的认识呢?

现在长城虽然失去了军事价值，可它依然是我国人民智慧和血汗的结晶。现在，大家可以自由参观，两小时后在这里集合，但需注意以下几点：1、不要边走边看景，注意安全。2、不要乱扔垃圾，破坏公物。3、不要走太远。好了，大家开始自由参观吧

各位游客：

大家好!我是您们今天的导游。我姓赖，你们可以叫我赖导。今天，就由我带大家游览闻名中外的万里长城。

毛主席曾说过：“不到长城非好汉。”身为中华儿女我们怎么不上去游览一番呢?对!现在我们就去当好汉，登上那前不见头后不见尾的万里长城。

长城平均高7.8米，最高达14米，城墙的外侧一般都选建在陡峭的山崖上。城墙顶宽达5.8米，可容五马必行。

关于万里长城还有一个感人的传说：勤劳聪明的孟姜女，为了寻找被官宾捉去修建长城的丈夫，千里迢迢来到长城脚下，经过多翻打听，却得知自己的丈夫已经活活累死，孟姜女在长城脚下哭了三天三夜，“轰隆”一声长城倒了800里，孟姜女自己跳海自尽了。现在我们站在八达岭上的万里长城，踏着脚下的方砖，扶着墙上的条石。游客们，单看这数不清的条石，一块就有两三千斤重，那时侯没有火车，汽车，没有起重机，就靠着无数的肩膀无数的手，一步一步踏上这陡峭的山岭。如此工程巨大的建筑在古代没有任何现代化设备的情况下完成是非常不可思议的。看这些，大家可以想到长城凝结成多少劳动人民的血汗和智慧。

长城的美景说也说不完，现在就请大家慢步欣赏吧!请大家三小时后，也就是下午五点半到长城下面的一号十字路口集合。在游览时，请大家保护文化遗产，不乱涂乱画成墙，不乱扔垃圾。谢谢大家对我工作的支持!

Tang Furong garden is the first Tang culture theme park. The largest waterscreen film in the world. The largest artificial sculpture community in China.The worlds largest and most advanced water fire landscape show. The longestcorridor of Tang culture in China. "Dream back to the Tang Dynasty" large scalesong and dance appreciation. The first five senses (vision, hearing, smell,touch and taste) park in China. The worlds largest outdoor fragranceproject.

Tang Furong garden is located in Qujiang New District, Southeast of Xian.It was built to the north of the original Tang Furong garden site, with a totalinvestment of 1.3 billion yuan. It covers an area of 1000 mu, including 300 muof water. It is a large-scale theme museum park with water as the core,integrating experience, sightseeing, leisure, catering and entertainment, andconcentrating Tang culture. Zhang Jinqiu, academician of Chinese Academy ofengineering, is responsible for overall planning and architectural design, whileAkiyama Akiyama, a Japanese landscape architect, is responsible for landscapedesign. Tang Furong garden aims to build a "garden of history, spirit, nature,humanity and art". In particular, more than ten experts from Tang LiteratureSociety of China, including Tang history, Tang poetry, Tang painting, Tang Jian,doctoral tutors, researchers and tourism experts, are invited to re excavate andreorganize the historical and cultural contents of Tang Furong garden Thelandscape of the park has been re planned and re positioned, and has beendivided into 12 landscape cultural expression areas

1. The cultural theme of Damen: creating the spirit of flourishing age anddreaming back to the Empire of Tang Dynasty. Awe the tourists with grandmomentum. You can see the grand scene of the Tang Dynasty. Emperors hometown,dream back to Tang Dynasty. To achieve a theme, a feature, a landscape.

2. The theme of diplomatic culture: the spirit of inclusiveness. It showsthe frequent exchange of diplomatic envoys from various countries at that timeand the commercial cultural atmosphere of "merchants gathering, internal andexternal accommodation" among the people. It shows the prosperous scene of "fourtreasures, all gathered together" in front of the tourists, so that the touristscan personally feel the prosperous era of exchanges between the world and theTang Empire in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.

3. Tea culture theme: three Lu Yu scriptures, seven Lu Tong tea, meetingfriends in the window, savoring Zen tea, laughing at Qu Jiangbo, indifferent anddetached. It shows the tea ceremony culture of Tang Dynasty. From thedevelopment history of world tea culture, both Japanese tea ceremony and Chinesetea ceremony originated in the Tang Dynasty. "Tea ceremony" began to spread anddevelop after it was put forward in Tang Dynasty.

各位朋友大家好，我是此次的导游，我姓钱，大家可以叫我钱导。

今天我们游览的闻名古今中外的长城。长城位于北京的背部，监狱春秋战国时期，那是，长城是各个诸侯国为了相互防御而建的，后来，为了方位北方奴入侵就连接在了一起。号称“万里长城”全长一万三千多里，国父孙中山参观长城后评价道：“中国最有名之工程，万里长城也……工程之大，古无其匹，为世界之独一器官。”我们现在游览的地段是八达岭长城，高大坚固，是用巨大的调试和城砖筑成的，城墙顶上每隔三百多米有一座方形的城台，是屯兵的堡垒，打仗的时候可以相互呼应。周幽王就在这烽火台上上演过一场“烽火戏诸侯”的历史闹剧。

现在大家可以自由活动，请保管好随身所带物品，注意保护环境不乱写乱画，不乱扔垃圾，我们两小时后在这集合。

China has a recorded history of some 3，600 years， beginning with the ShangDynasty(16th——12th century BC)。The first stage is the primitive society。 Thehistory was much associated with the supposed pre-Xia Dynasty(21th-16th centuyBC)。 The second major periob lasted from about 2，000 to 200 BC。 The historydated the beginning of the slave society from the Xia Dynasty， which constitutedthe first Chinese state。 The third stage extended all the way from 221BC， whenQin Shihuang united China， to the Opium War of 1840。 Historical docments namethe third period as the Feusal Imperial Rule。 The feudal society in China passedthrough a period of disunity beginning at the Three Kingdom Period， and endingin shoet-lived Sui Dynasty(581——618)， Western Jin(265——316)via EasternJin(317——439) and the Southern and Northern Dynasties(386——589)。

The following story occurred in the three Kingdom Period。 At the rnd of theEastern Han Dynasty(25——220) a gtrat peasant revolt happened。 Many localofficials developed into warlords to assisty the Han Emperor in suppressing therebellion。 During this period the watlotds took the opportunity to build uyptheir own political and military strengty and made themselves into autonomousregional warlords。 Finally the warlords carved the Han Empire into threekingdoms of Wei， Shu and Wu。 The populous episodic novel，The Romance of theThree Kingdoms traces the rise and fall of the three kingdoms and vividlydepicts the turbulent social conditions at that time。 The rulers of the threeindependent kingdoms struggled for supremacy。 Cao Cao and his son establishedthe kingdom of Wei at Loyang。 He was in actual control of only the North Chinahomeland。 Two rivals soon proclaimed emperors themselves elsewhere。 The kingdomof Wu with its capital in Nanjing occupied dChangjiang Valley， The kingdom ofShu was created with its capital in Chengdu。 Ti was in the control of Sichuanand parts ojf the highland of south China。

Wuhou Temple is much associated with the kingdom of Shu。 It is the place tocommemorate Zhu Geliang， Prime Minister of the kingdom。 Wuhou was a top officialtitle conferred upon Zhu Geliang after his death。 It is unfortunate that nohistorical documents have recorded the time of its establishment。 However， DuFu， a top Tang Dynasty poet wrote a poem of kwhich two lines say as below:"Wherewould I find the Prime Ministers shrine?Somewhere outside Jinguan， in a densecypress glade。"

This poem helps us infer that Zhu Geliang Temple was already in ezistencein the Tang Dynadty。 During the Tang and Song Dynasties Zhu Geliang and EmperorLiu Bei had their independent temples in Chengdu， At the beginning of the MingDynasty the two temples merged into one。 Towards the end of the Ming Dynasty themerged tempke was destroyed during war chaos。 The present buildings date fromthe Qing Dynasty in 1672。 The main entrance gate hangs a horizontal inscribedboard。 It says， "Han Zhaolie Temple"。Han refers to the kingdom of Shui; zhaoliewas Liu Beis posthumous title。 The board indicates that the whole temple wasbuilt in honor of Liu Bei。 But why do all the people call it Zhu Geliang Tempkeinstead of Han Zhaolie Temple? It is due to Zhu Geliangs invaluable historicalcontribution， and his political and military strategies to the development ofthe kingdom。 In the view of the local peopoe his prestige far gan to call it ZhuGrliang Temple regardless of the emperors dignity and the temples originalname。 Gtadually more and more people accepted the new name of the temple throughcommon practice。

天山之旅的朋友们：

你们好!我叫孟旭珂，今天我给大家当导游。

欢迎你们来到长城参观!我来给大家介绍一下长城的概况吧!长城有一万多里长，从我国的山海关向西到嘉峪关。是秦始皇征调大批的人力修筑的，到现在已有几千年了。但由于种.种原因，长城遭到了破坏。因为游人太多。垃圾成灾，无人清理。

现在我给大家说一下游览长城时需要注意的事项：

一、不要在城墙上乱涂乱画。

二、不要乱扔垃圾。

三、不要破坏长城上的文物古迹。

关于长城有许多传说和故事，现在我给大家讲一下《孟姜女哭长城》的故事。相传，孟姜女的丈夫万喜良被官兵押去修长城，很长时间杳无音信。孟姜女在家等得非常着急。就不远万里，吃尽了苦头，到北方修筑长城的地方去寻找丈夫。到了长城得到的却是丈夫的死讯。她非常悲伤，哭了三天三夜，长城被哭倒了几百里。这个故事一直流传到现在，说法不一。

我就讲到这里，请大家自由游览，注意安全!