三分钟英文导游词合集20篇

今天我们来到风景秀丽的云南丽江古城。丽江古城位于玉龙雪山脚下，丽江古城的一大特点是没有城墙。请问各位游客，您见过那座古城没有城墙呢？恐怕没有吧。这就是丽江古城的最大特点。原来，因为丽江古城的首领姓木，他想，木围上就围墙不就是困了。他觉得这个字不吉利。就不要围墙了。可能有的人要问了，如果没有围墙，可能就会受到异族的侵略了。到那时没有防范措施怎么办？这个不用担心，丽江古城是四面环山，山又很高。可以将山当作最大的围墙。所以不用担心异族的攻击。

现在，我们看到丽江古城的两座大风车，他们叫母子轮。大的是妈妈，小的是儿子，怎么样，形象吧？我们在向前走，这个广场就是四方街了。四方街是一条历史悠久的街道。它可是茶马古道的必经之路。在这我们顺便讲讲茶马古道的故事。茶马古道是一条运盐巴，茶叶的道路，它从香格里拉一直到西藏。因为路上很危险，运输的队伍又经常遇险或被异族的人抢了货物杀害。所以，至今还有很多人记得他们。

再往前走，这座八角宝塔型的建筑就是丽江古城的木府。它是丽江首领居住的地方，所以人们现在一直还保留着。丽江古城的景点很多，一定要细细游览。

首先我代表青年旅行社各位的到来。我叫林媛是青旅的一名导游，大家可以叫我小林。

这位是我们的司机王师傅，他驾车经验很丰富，大家可以放心乘坐。我们现在开车前往古文化街，中午12：30用餐，下午游览鼓楼商业街，晚上5点返回酒店。在接下来的游览活动中请大家多多配合我的工作，我也会给您提供最优质的服务，最后在此预祝您旅游愉快顺利。

大家注意一下，我们就快要到古文化街了，我在这先给大家简单地介绍一下。它是一条具有天津地方特色的商业街。在元代随着漕运的发展和天后宫建筑的出现，开始有人在宫的周围定居下来，慢慢就形成了街市。清代时，这里达到了空前的繁荣。古文化街以它独特的四味“中国味，天津味，古味，文化味”吸引着国内外的游客，唤起了天津居民对优秀民间文化传统的钦敬之情。

大家注意一下，现在是9：30，我们12：00准时回到车上，请大家记住，我们所乘的车是韩国大宇车，车牌号为津AT8210而且在车前窗右下方有“天津青旅”字样。好了，请大家带好贵重物品，按顺序下车。

古文化街是以天后宫为中心，分为“宫北大街”和“宫南大街”，我们现在就是在宫南大街的街口。我们一来到这里，大家就看到了这富贵气派的清代大式牌楼。同样在宫北大街的街口也有一座。他们造型精致瑰丽，不仅达到了“先声夺人”的效果，也把古文化街仿古建筑群烘托得典雅秀美，层次分明。

我们抬头看在这块匾额上写着“津门故里”四字。金代时统治北方的金人就是在这里建立了天津最早的建制直沽寨。今日天津市区也是以这为中心，逐渐发展形成的，它对天津的形成起了很重要的作用，称作津门故里是当之无愧的了。

而北面楼匾写的是“沽上艺苑”。古文化街无论建筑风貌，店铺装修，匾额楹联，经营商品都带有浓郁的艺术气息。所以把它称作沽上的一处“艺苑”也是再恰当不过的了。另外当我们进入街上的店铺时会看到店铺门面檐下，枋间有着一幅幅清代的苏式彩画，而且每一幅都有着情节和典故，大家一会儿不妨猜一猜上面画的是什么。好下面就让我们走进这条古老的街道，来领略一下它特有的古建筑和文化特色。请大家跟紧我。

我们现在看到的就是天后宫的山门了。“先有天后宫，后有天津城。”这是天津人对城市发展通俗而生动的说法。天后宫俗称“娘娘宫”，它始建于元代泰定三年(1326年)，明代永乐元年重建，为天津市区现存最古老的建筑。它与福建湄州妈祖庙，中国台湾北港朝天宫并称为世界三大天后宫。天后宫供奉的是宋代福建莆田县贤良港出生的林默。传说她自幼聪慧，15岁便精通医理为人治病，还常常渡海救助遇险的渔民;她还能观察风云变化，预测天气，被人们尊称为神女，后来加封为天妃，天后,成为人们信仰的海神。

不知大家有没有发现这个问题。在我国，寺庙一般都坐北朝南。然而，天津天后宫却是个例外：坐西朝东。这是因为当时有些船只没有时间或其他原因无法靠岸，如果天后宫就坐西朝东，面向海河，船民，商贾就可以在船上朝拜天后，祈求平安了。现在就让我们到里面去参观一下天后宫。大家跟我走。

我们从山门一进来首先看到的就是这两侧的钟鼓楼。这个是钟楼它和对面的鼓楼最初都建于元代，但后来多次被重修，可谓是历尽沧桑。我们看这个钟上铸有66只象征吉祥的仙鹤，大家可以敲一敲。敲它一声百顺，二声如意，三声安康。

我们现在所在的呢是前殿，中间这一位就是道教护法神中地位最高的王灵官，百姓称赞他说“三眼能观天下事，一鞭惊醒世间人”。他两侧的这四位就是天后娘娘的四位侍从，他们千里眼，顺风耳，加善和加恶。

从前殿出来，我们现在就来到了正殿。它是由三座建筑勾连搭建组成的，前面的一座为卷棚悬山顶，面阔三间，进深一间;中间的为七檩单檐庑殿顶，面阔，进深均为三间;后面接着一个凤尾殿，也是卷棚悬山顶，面阔进深均为一间。拒考证正殿不仅是天津市区最古老的建筑，它也是我国现存年代较早的天后宫建筑之一。大家看到这正中的就是天后娘娘了，她的前后左右分别是她的四位侍女，平时这里总是香火不断，很多人来朝拜天后祈求平安。

下面我们在到正殿两旁的南北配殿看一看。

这里就是南配殿。它供奉的是天津的民间神。这位是王三奶奶，据说她是个走乡串村，给人看病的巫婆，素以慈善为本，相传摸一摸王三奶奶的手可以治百病。

从天后宫里走出来，这里就宫前广场了。前面的是过去酬神演出的戏楼。在现在的宫前广场上还有象杨柳青年画，泥人张等的专卖店，那么在剩下的时间里，大家可以自由的游览，购物，一定注意安全。最后再嘱咐一句，12点之前回到车上，还是在南街的街口。好，现在大家就可以解散了。

各位朋友，这次的旅游活动就要结束了，我也要和大家说再见了。非常感谢大家对我工作的支持，对我工作中不尽如人意的地方由衷的说一声对不起，也希望您提出宝贵的意见，最后，我祝大家在今后的生活中身体健康，万事盛意。

Good friends! Now, here we are the famous three gorges of Yangtze river, the three gorges between chongqing and hubei province is located in the upper stream of Yangtze river, is the floorboard of the qutang gorge, wu gorge and xiling. But the scenery here, the grand risk but do not break elegant beautiful zhuang, is a good place for leisure.

The total length of two hundred km, everybody look at both sides is the continuous mountains, mountain without any gap, like a green dragon. Here the mountain towering, canopy, lock the sky became a tape. But for now is noon, even the sun was visible!

Of the three gorges project is a "scene". All the year round, the place has a vastly different beauty waiting for you to enjoy. In the summer, and the waters prevailed here, fast-flowing, is a bold and unrestrained beauty. But for safety reasons, or be a little careful. Autumn, is a kind of sad beauty, each with a frost in the morning, have an ape that has turned the noise, real tear-jerker.

If you are a like quiet beauty, really come to the right time! Spring day like today, showed the quiet beauty of the three gorges. Here is like snow jet and green deep pools, the cyclotron to west also reflected the shadow of everything in the world, visitors can explore in turn head to see, here, it has reflected the sun! On you on both sides of the mountain, with a lot of strange pine, interesting. Now, in front of us is on both sides of the waterfall. This water torrents agitation is cultured and shoot the aesthetic feeling, well, as the ship, we enjoy clear water show, the beauty of the mountain grass sheng!

Happy time always passed quickly, we are thats the end of the trip. May this trip to the three gorges can leave a good memories in your heart, goodbye!

My official figure art field is located in suzhou city. Art garden was built in Ming jiajing period, build drunken YingTang Yuan Zugeng, topic MenE "urban forest". Lasted for Wen Zhiming great-grandchild Wen Zhenmeng, TangMing nylon, YuanMing medicine field. Qing jiang 埰, renamed h nursery, also called JingTing mountain house, his son Jiang Shijie YuanMing easily as art field. After repeatedly. Light three or four years, Wu Xingceng Qi new. Light nineteen years, garden and silk industry fan, seven duct ccba, heavy repair. The garden between Ming dynasty and early qing keep landscapes and part of the building, is an important example of research history of landscape architecture.

Art field now covers an area of about 3800 square meters. House five into layout twists and turns, hall of primitive simplicity. Park in the west, pool center, accounts for about a quarter. Building more than in the north pool, fanaw rockery as main feature. Have liberal arts hall, delay light cabinet, jiyang valley book hall, thought to r, milk fish pavilion, thought eosinophilic hin, toward the great month gallery pavilion, vanilla, and rang the victory of the season.

Art field plane are slightly north and south long and narrow rectangle, north of the courtyard, is composed of the main hall of boya hall and waterside pavilion; Cut pool, the central area of about one mu for dominated the center, the surface concentration, southeast and southwest have water bay, on the structure low stone bridge. In addition to the north for the waterside pavilion revetment, the remaining pool shore flexor nature, while the pool surface from nearby for low small building is open, take nets garden. Fanaw stacking rockery, structure bridge pavilion, southwest a rear yard. ChiBeiAn five waterside pavilion, low floating in waves, both sides has a separate buildings. The elevation of all these buildings occupy the pool in the north, which are rare in the suzhou gardens. Stone angeles fanaw near water, followed by heap heaped-up mountains, mountain near water side wall lake stone with the dangerous path. Southwest hospital with wall, water diversion bay in the small pond, stone mountain also delay pulse at this point. Courtyard west hall, between two weeks column stone lake, cultivation of camellia, magnolia flower, see a new world. Pool pavilion, southeast of fish for traces of Ming dynasty. Next to its slow QuShiQiao that also belongs to the early days, is very precious.

Art field in the water, stone, unique combination of technique, determining the nature and tries to transcend the nature, is the Ming and qing dynasties suzhou generation gardening home the layout of the most commonly used techniques.

Everybody is good! My name is presented, your tour guide, today we will visit is rated at 29 "world cultural heritage" in the Summer Palace. I hope my sincerity and enthusiasm can bring happiness to you!

The Summer Palace is one of the most vast imperial gardens in the world, is Chinas largest, protect the most complete existing royal garden museum. Was built in 1750, formerly qingyi park. Qianlong, jiaqing and daoguang and xianfeng emperor palace garden. In 1860 by British and French troops burned down. In 1886, emperor guangxu reconstruction on the original base according to the original size, two years later renamed the Summer Palace, the empress dowagers remaining land. In December 1998, UNESCO listed in the "world heritage list".

Park is mainly composed of longevity hill and kunming lake, two big scenery to, lake between the mountains, a pavilion, table, floor, palaces, temples, pagodas, waterside pavilion, pavilion, veranda, long beach, stone bridge, stone fat place full of national features of classical architecture, veranda, the countrys longest promenade, the distant mountains near water, become an organic whole repeatedly has the very high artistic value

Longevity hill belongs to yanshan -odd arteries, 58. 59 m. Buildings and mountain building, before the longevity hill mountain, three to eight surface layer as the center, four double-hipped roof of Buddha incense of the main body of large buildings. From the foot of "prout catamarans brainpower-computer" arched, the rows cloud gate, two of palace, cloud temple, DE hui temple, Buddha incense, and the wisdom of the sea, until the top of the mountain formed up in layers of a central axis.

Kunming lake is the main lake, the Summer Palace, three-fourths of the dominated area, about 220 hectares. Former lakes rippling, south of lake Simon Simon, a castle in the west, north look at the ups and downs in groups; There is a west causeway lake, and on the peach willow lines; The marble seventeen-arch bridge which lies on the lake, the kunming lake is the largest lake in the royal gardens in qing dynasty.

Today, our visit to this end, hope pleasant scenery of the Summer Palace, and I can become you the interpretation of wonderful memories! Thank you all!

Dandongs original ecological landscape is well preserved, and its tourismresources are complete and abundant. In the north, there are many greenmountains, in the south, the winding Yalu river connects with the vast YellowSea. Bangshantai, the starting point of the Great Wall in the East, the riversea boundary stele in the north, the bullet marked Yalu River Bridge, the richethnic customs, and the river, mountain, lake, sea, forest, spring and rivermake up countless wonderful landscapes. As an excellent tourist city, Dandong isalso a hot tourist city in Liaoning Province and an important endpoint city ofthe "Golden Triangle" tourist city in Liaoning Province. Dandongs tourismresources can be expressed in five words, that is "man Chao Jiang Shan Lu". Letme give you a detailed interpretation of the connotation of these fivewords:

Manchu -- this is the birthplace of Manchu. Manchu folk customs are richand have penetrated into our daily life. You can enjoy the Manchu Customs onsome special occasions.

North Korea Dandong is directly adjacent to the Korean Peninsula. No matterthe Korean people living in Dandong or the Korean people on the other side,unique Korean customs can be seen everywhere. Maybe you come to Dandong for thefirst time. There are three kinds of signs on many stores. One is Chinese, theother is English, and the third is Korean. Dandong is a truly internationalcity.

River is the Yalu River. When you come to Dandong, if you dont look at theYalu River, you will come in vain. Whether you walk along the landscape road bythe Yalu River or take a boat tour of the Yalu River, you will appreciate thestatus of the Yalu River in the eyes of the people of Dandong. The Yalu Riverscenic area, with the Yalu River as the main axis, is 210 km long in Dandong. Itis along the mother river of Dandong City, carrying the brilliant development ofDandong City.

Mountain - Dandong is located in the hilly area of Eastern Liaoning, wheremany famous mountains and waters are created by the remaining veins of ChangbaiMountain. There are: Yalu River, qingshangou and Fenghuang mountain threenational key scenic spots; Baishilazi and Yalu River Estuary coastal wetland twonational nature reserves; tianqiaogou and Dagushan two national forest parks;Fenghuangshan mountain city, Yalu River broken bridge, Hushan great wall andother national key cultural relics protection units; It has a memorial hall forresisting U.S. aggression and aiding Korea, a national patriotism education basefor the broken bridge of Yalu River, a forest park of Tianhua mountain, anatural volcano museum, and so on; Dalishu village, which is the "nationalagricultural tourism demonstration unit", has a total land area of 15000 squarekilometers, and 1500 square kilometers of various scenic spots, accounting for10% of the total land area. This proportion is the highest in the province andfar higher than the national average.

Green - Dandong has high green vegetation coverage, which is the highestvegetation coverage area in Liaoning Province and an important area forEcotourism in Liaoning Province. Whether in the six major scenic spots of YaluRiver scenic spot, or in qingshangou, Dalishu village, daludao and other places,the natural ecology has fulfilled peoples good desire to return to nature.

Prince Gongs house used to be the home of Wang Shen, the most greedy onein all ages. Later, Emperor Jiaqing made twenty-four charges and confiscated hishouse. Because the last host was Prince Gongs Aixinjueluo, it was called PrinceGongs mansion.

There are two dragon veins in Beijing, one is the central axis of Beijing,the other is the moat. The Palace Museum is located at the head of the centralaxis. Prince Gongqins residence is located at the intersection of the twodragon veins. He and Wang Shen once boasted: "the emperor sits on the dragonshead, I sit on the dragons tail. Although the dragons head is in charge of theoverall situation, it still needs the dragons tail to do great things.&"Listen, he and Wang Shen are so ambitious that they deserve to be thefirst greedy people of all ages.";!

There are 9999 bats in Prince Gongqins mansion;. This is not a real bat,but a bat like building. Wang Shen and Wang Shen wanted to be happy, so theytook the homonym of "Fu" and built 9999 bats;.

When you enter the door, the first thing you see is a huge bat;. This is abat like pond called "Fu Chi";. Rockery and gravel are randomly scattered on theBank of the pool. Elm trees are planted around Fuchi. The fruit and leaf of elmtrees are like copper coins. When the fruit and leaf like copper coins fall intoFuchi, Wang Shen and I will laugh and laugh: & lt; money falling from thesky enters my & lsquo; cornucopia & gt;, and the money on the groundalso flows into Wang Shen and I. &"Thats true!

We followed the gurgling water of Fuchi and came to a door. This is abeautiful western gate with bright colors and fine workmanship. It is said thatthis is one of his 24 counts. Because this western gate was made after thewestern gate in the royal garden.

After entering the western gate and bypassing the stone carving of "SongziGuanyin", it is the opera garden with Wang Shens family. In front of the playgarden is a garden, with some flowers in the trim bushes. The play "Xiangfeiplays butterfly" in huanzhuge was shot here. Only two places in Beijing arecovered with green bricks. One is the Taihe hall in the Forbidden City, and theother is the stage with Wang Shens family. Because the sound amplificationeffect of the green brick is very good, singing on the stage does not need anysound amplification tools. In such a large theater, everyone can hear music, andit is also a great honor to stand on the stage full of green bricks and sing forthe powerful ministers such as Wang Shen.

Through the well carved Zhulan corridor, you come to the study with WangShen. The study is surrounded by rockery and bamboo groves, quiet and quiet. Thewhole Gongqin palace is not built with stone bricks. This study is made of aspecial kind of bamboo. It is warm in winter and cool in summer. Wang Shen and Ilike to stay here most.

Out of the study, the magnificent building in front is the main hall — & mdash; and the place where Wang Shen meets visitors. To get to themain hall, there is a very special road. There is only one ladder, and thenthere is a straight and gentle slope road, because I told Wang Shen that in hislife, he had suffered only when he was young, and then he went all the way tothe peak of power. We can cross the bottom of the ladder, avoid suffering, andgo straight to the top;.

There is a story: when the Empress Dowager of Xiaozhuang was very old andsick, she loved her grandson Emperor Kangxi very much and was very depressed. Heasked Su malagu, his maid, to prepare her pen and paper, and with a stroke ofher pen, she wrote "Fu". After finishing the writing, Xuanye and Su malagu lookat the word "Fu" and are stunned & mdash; & mdash; the word is powerfuland natural. If you look closely, you can see many phrases: more fields, moresons, more talents, more longevity & hellip; & hellip; isnt this thewish of the emperors grandmother? The more Emperor Kangxi saw it, the moresatisfied he was, he ordered people to put the word "Fu" on a huge stone. As aresult, the empress dowager, who had been ill for a long time, soon recovered.Emperor Kangxi was so happy that he decided to pass on this auspicious andauspicious stone from generation to generation, so that the Aixinjueluo familycould prosper from generation to generation.

Unfortunately, when it reached Qianlong, it was stolen out of the palace.This person is Wang Shen. Now this stone is at the foot of our main hall, onlyshowing the side with the word "Fu". This & quot; blessing & quot; isthe 10th blessing of Prince Gongqins mansion, which means & quot; tenthousand blessings & quot;. And Wang Shen also said with an air: & lt;the emperor is & lsquo; long live & gt;, I am & lsquo; Wanfu >! & gt; later, when Emperor Jiaqing copied his house, he wanted to movethe Fushi back to the palace, but he still didnt. He and Wang Shen are toocunning. He built a bat like Fushan with stones, and built a dragon on the leftand right of the word "Fu", implying that "the Dragon sits on the RiverMountain". Emperor Jiaqing didnt want to destroy himself, so he left thestone.

Just now, we are going up the road. Now lets step on the dragonspulse.

After walking along the pond in front of Fushan, you can come to thefishing pool with Wang Shens family. You can walk on a red stone boat to theDiaoyutai in the center of the pool. To the south of the Diaoyutai, there aresome grotesque rockeries, and the pool is full of green plants. Willow trees areplanted on the rocks to the north. Their bodies sway with the wind, which makesthem look like they came to Baotu Spring in Jinan. But when I look back, I findthat I havent left Prince Gongqins residence yet: the railings of Diaoyutaiare engraved with bat patterns that only prince Gongqins residence in Beijinghas.

On the North Bank of the fishing pond, there is also an attic with apeculiar shape. In front of the attic, plants and trees are planted. It is saidthat Prince Gong Yi Chen Jin sent people to make it according to the shape ofthe flag head on Empress Dowager Cixis head. Yi Chen Jin hated Empress DowagerCixi very much and said, "if you play with me, Im going to bully you!".

After visiting Prince Gongqins mansion, I look back again and look at thishistoric mansion. I have mixed feelings in my heart: when people who lived herereached the peak of their career, they didnt know that they were on the end ofthe road of power and money.

Good morning! Welcome to the beautiful star city - changsha, first of all, please allow me, on behalf of all the staff of travel agencies was the warmest welcome the arrival of you, welcome to the "red sun" tour of the organization, is the red line, because we go. Shaoshan is the rising sun, so this journey we call red sun.

To introduce myself, I am the red sun tour guide, my name is zhao, in order to facilitate you can call me xiao zhao, on xiao zhao left, that is our director of master, master X X master drive technology is good, the rich, treats people the enthusiasm, so we all can be at ease in his car, you have what problem can carry out on the road, xiao zhao and X teacher will try our best to service for you, ok, lets have a great journey together!

Our journey began, and that is now under our feet with a "openning the first all the way" of the famous wuyi avenue and no.3, it represents the changsha tomorrow, changsha boom radiates away from here, is founded in 1951 on May 1, so hence the name, was the first asphalt road, the road only 9 meters wide, but along with the development of The Times, traffic developed, 9 meters wide far cannot satisfy the shuttle vehicles. Until 20xx, spent five months time to repair, that is what we see now, with all my heart

Of 51 avenue, east railway station, west check the xiangjiang river bridge, a total length of 4138 meters, up to 60 meters in length, road for double tenth lanes, no.3 traffic is orderly, but most of the drivers dont want to go this way, is this why? On the road there are 3 sets of original and 6 digital television monitoring equipment, carelessly is easy to copy brand, so drivers is have a love-hate relationship!

Where the source of the wuyi avenue? She is behind the changsha railway station, she construction in 1975, completed in 1977, with the Shanghai railway station ` Beijing railway station called Chinas three largest train station, that in the middle of the railway station there is a clock tower, tower 63.7 meters high, the clock tower at the top of the hour will be played best youngs "east is red" LeDian, as if to tell you that you have come to the generation of a great man of chairman MAOs hometown - hunan. In the clock tower above, there is a building that xiao zhao excuse me everybody, think what is she like? Yes, she is the red torch. Maybe someone will ask, now that is the torch, why not be waving? But go straight into the blue sky? Xiao zhao to the problem have to explain for everybody, because before railway station built, comes at a time - leather, stylist designed to float to the left her, said there will be left; In the designed to the right, say again afraid will have the right, then, designer simply put her into a straight at the torch of the above. In fact, she is very like a specialty: lets hunan capsicum frutescens var, she is our chairman MAOs favorite kind of food, she also is a symbol of our people of hunan hot and enthusiasm, not to have such a saying: people are not afraid of spicy sichuan, guizhou people is afraid of hot, hunan people are afraid of not hot.

Ok, now lets Yuan Guling overpass, why called Yuan Guling overpass? And not called Li Guling ` the wangjialing overpass? Because it is said that in the large pieces of the earth that is inhabited by a certain family. So in the construction of the bridge was named after had to. It is built down, in addition to the beautiful and also have the effect of ease the earthquake. Can anyone who has both advantages and disadvantages, hunan is a rainy provinces, if encounter rainy weather, the bridge will be accumulated rainwater, formation water bring pedestrians through the troubles and inconvenience caused. Im afraid this is hou only white water rafting and line!

That is on the right-hand side of the xiao zhao shaoshanlu, because was not to shaoshan road, then built the road; Shaoshan.

Good, that you pay attention to have a look at the trees on both sides of the tour bus, it is in the city of changsha were: camphor trees, camphor leaves small but, under the big camphor tree is a good place to enjoy cool air, using camphor tree of camphor ball can drive midge catch ants, took a few pieces of camphor tree chew Ye Qing washed into the mouth, can also be sober refreshing. About the camphor tree,

In changsha, there is such a local custom, it is the parents to marry the daughter of a set of camphorwood furniture is very decent. On the left hand side, xiao zhao is welcome road, 1972, President Nixons visit to welcome the President of the United States and to build a road. Across the welcome road is a red and white building, she is 2 hospital of hunan province the government.

Were made, xiao zhao mentioned that were here to learn about the tree of hunan province, it is the magnolia tree, it is from guangzhou introduced a tree. Suiting the city of changsha, azaleas, see the cuckoo that can want to went to the countryside, three in April, when the brilliant red cuckoo open full of hills, not to mention how beautiful. Fancy suiting of hunan province, is a hibiscus, since ancient times, hunan is known as lotus countries. Chairman MAOs poem says, "the kingdom of the lotus from zhaohui". Lotus, also can be divided into water and cotton rose hibiscus. Then xiao zhao, please everyone: "what is water lotus? Cotton rose?" Ha ha! Cotton rose is magnolia, water lotus is lotus.

Ok, now lets to lotus road, beside the lotus road, changsha is the new lotus square, you can see in the middle of a sculpture, that is the daughter of liuyang river, you must be attracted by her long hair? The daughter of liuyang river nine curved hair, a symbol of the liuyang river nine bending. It reminds us of the beautiful sounds of "liuyang river", the product comforms to the drawing that xiao zhao here, give you sing a song "liuyang river", we hope you enjoy it.

Okay, now we see the underlying white doves building is the famous peace hall business building. Peace in Japanese is the meaning of peace, meaning and harmonic development. There is a sino-japanese joint venture of shopping malls, Japan accounted for 60% of the company, shareholders shareholder China accounted for 40%. Before peace hall was built, the unearthed here most of the countrys bamboo slips, which records the chu the history of The Three Kingdoms period, now the peace of the sixth floor display, also has people in shopping may wish to visit.

In front of the hall of peace is the wuyi square, square in the middle there is a huge music fountain, at eight o clock every night, music fountain will dance with music. Now please look the top of the wuyi square, you can see a small house, like the eyes there is big eyes "- the voice of the golden eagle.

清代皇室为了显示他们的特殊地位和便于管理，清代王府一般都设在内城。

“铁帽王府”。清初对入关有功的8家王爵，封为世袭罔替，俗称“铁帽王”，他们的王府就叫铁帽王府，共有8处，5处在西城，三处在东城。

以后又封了几个铁帽王，共12个世袭罔替王爵。

北京有两个恭亲王，一个是顺治皇帝的第五子常宁，府址在今东四十条。

另一个是道光皇帝的第六子奕*，1852年将原庆王府转赐奕*，此处原是和珅宅，位于前海西街17号，这个恭王府是保护得最好的一个王府。

恭王府位于前海西街17号，是清代规模最大的一座王府，据说恭王府总面积为一百多亩。相当于中山公园，这是至今保存最好的一座王府，曾是和珅的宅邸。

1996年10月起开放的只是恭王府的后花园，占地9亩，但其规模已经是非常可观的。

恭王府分中东西三路，分别由多过四合院组成，后为长160米的二层后罩楼。

恭王府假山，此假山是用糯米浆砌筑成的，非常坚固，山上置两口缸，缸底有管子通到假山上，通过往缸中灌水的办法来增加院中的湿度，过去整个假山上都长满了青苔。

假山正中有一康熙皇帝为其母祝寿写的“福”字碑，这是恭王府的“三绝”之一，碑石长7.9米，贯穿整修假山。

垂花门，因门上有两个倒垂的花卉而得名，门前的两棵龙瓜槐在和珅居住时就有，这种树比较珍贵。

垂花门内的牡丹院，院中有紫藤萝架。 院子正中造形呈蝙蝠形状的小湖。

在清代的北京，往住宅中引入活水，是要经皇帝特批的，恭亲王府是少有的几个享此殊荣的王府之一。

西式门，据说在当时在北京只有3个。这也是恭王府的三绝之一，另一绝是戏楼和福字碑。

花院门内的假山石，起到影壁的作用，名称为“独乐峰”。

Baima temple is located 12 kilometers east of the old city of Luoyang inHenan Province. It was founded in the 11th year of Yongping in the Eastern HanDynasty (AD 68). It is the first ancient temple in China and the world famousKalan temple. It is the first temple built after Buddhism was introduced intoChina. It is known as the "ancestral court" and "source of interpretation" ofChinese Buddhism. It has a history of more than 1900 years. The existing sitesand historic sites are preserved in yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. There are alarge number of Jiagan lacquered statues of the Yuan Dynasty, such as the thirdBuddha, the second general and the eighteen Arhats.

In 1961, Baima temple was announced as the first batch of national keycultural relics protection units by the State Council of the peoples Republicof China. In 1983, it was designated by the State Council as the national keyTemple of Chinese Buddhism. In January 20__, Baima temple was named as the firstbatch of AAAA scenic spots by the National Tourism Administration.

In the seventh year of Yongping in the Eastern Han Dynasty (A.D. 64),Emperor Liu Zhuang (the son of Liu Xiu) spent the night in Nangong. He dreamedthat a golden man, six feet tall and shining on his head, would come from theWest and fly around the palace. The next morning, Emperor Hanming told theministers about the dream. Doctor Fu Yi said, "there is a God in the west, whichis called Buddha, just as you dream.". After hearing this, Emperor Han and Mingsent more than ten ministers, such as Cai Yin and Qin Jing, to the westernregions to worship Buddhist scriptures and Dharma.

In the eighth year of Yongping (AD 65), Cai, Qin and others bid farewell tothe imperial capital and embarked on the journey of "learning from the west". InDayue Kingdom (from Afghanistan to Central Asia today), I met Indian eminentmonks, such as shemoteng and zhufalan, and met Buddhist sutras and white feltstatues of Sakyamuni Buddha. I sincerely ask the two eminent monks to go east toChina to preach Buddhism.

In the tenth year of Yongping (AD 67), two Indian eminent monks wereinvited to carry Buddhist scriptures and statues on white horses together withenvoys of the Eastern Han Dynasty to Luoyang. Emperor Hanming was very happy tosee the Buddhist scriptures and statues. He was very polite to the two eminentmonks. He personally received them and arranged for them to stay in Honglutemple, the official office in charge of foreign affairs at that time.

In the 11th year of Yongping (A.D. 68), the emperor of Han and Ming orderedthe construction of monasteries in the north of Sanli imperial road outsideXiyong gate in Luoyang. In memory of Baima tuojing, it was named "Baima Temple".The word "Si" originated from the word "Si" of "Honglu Temple", and later "Si"became a general term of Chinese temples. This is the first Chinese translationof Buddhist scriptures in China.

After taking photos of moteng and zhufalan, many Western eminent monks cameto Baima temple to translate Buddhist scriptures. In more than 150 years after68 A.D., 192 Buddhist scriptures, 395 volumes in total, were translated here.Baima temple has become the first Buddhist Scripture Translation Center inChina.

In the second year of Caowei Jiaping (A.D. 250), Tan kejialuo, an Indianmonk, came to Baima temple. At this time, Buddhism also entered the public fromthe deep palace. Later, tankojaro translated the first Buddhist commandment inChinese in Baima temple. At the same time, Tan Di, a monk of the Sabbath state,also translated Tan Wu De Jie Mo in Baima temple, which regulated theorganization and life of the monks. So far, the commandments and theconstitution of the monks group have been completed, and a path of monasticpractice has been paved, which is the beginning of the commandments inChina.

In the fifth year of Ganlu (260 A.D.), a commandment ceremony was held inBaima temple, which is destined to be deeply engraved in the history of ChineseBuddhism. On this day, Zhu Shixing ascended the altar of abstinence inaccordance with the law of karma, knelt down in front of the Buddha, and becamethe first monk who formally received the bhikkhu commandment in Han China. Sincethen, the ancient Confucian tradition of "body hair skin, parents, dare notdamage" has been broken.

During the first 200 years of Buddhisms taking root and spreading inChina, the whole process is closely related to Baima temple. This is the productof Chinas first search for Dharma from the West. It is the residence of thefirst monks who came to China to preach and spread Dharma. The first ChineseBuddhist Scripture and Chinese Commandments were born here, and the firstChinese Buddhist monk was born In a word, Baima temple is closely linked withmany "firsts" of Chinese Buddhism, which makes it the real ancestor and sourceof Chinese Buddhism.

Changsha, though not nearly as prosperous Hong Kong than atmosphere in Beijing, but still has her own beauty.

Changsha is a beautiful place, there are beautiful as pavilion, love late pavilion. At night, lights, like the stars in the sky, twinkle.

Changsha charactizing a fine spring, spring breeze blow gently. Sunshine in March, the flower is gorgeous. The flower azalea is indescribable.

Summer, known as the "four big stove" one of changsha is hot. Cicada hot straight called "cicadas, cicada," dog hot tongue, floppy chicken wings. No matter how the weather during the day, children come out to play, so they had a hot, cant help but to the sun.

Autumn, the leaves fall, the fruit is ripe, the farmer uncle smile red in the face. The wild goose south, ants and squirrels have in preparation for winter food.

Winter, heavy snow, the children can be happy, because you can snowball fights, make a snowman! Leaves a also have no, many small animals also for the winter. The children are in the warm home looking at the beautiful snow...

Changsha year the four seasons scenery attractive, no matter day or night, she is always a kind face.

Changsha snack is to let a person dazzling, stinky tofu, bean jelly, roast sweet potato, onion cakes, taste shrimp, sucking screw... Is numerous, even the saliva all cant help flow down.

Changsha tourist resort also has a lot of, such as: taiping street, small Simon, as pavilion, baisha ancient, yuelu academy, and so on some places of interest. But they speak well "nobodys perfect, gold without gather" changsha ointment is loop mirror is not good, can see garbage everywhere, air is polluted by a lot.

Changsha is our common home, when I grow up must see her construction better, become a more attractive city.

Dear tourists

Hello, everyone! My name is__ Today, I will serve you wholeheartedly. Ifyou have anything to do during this period, please dont mention it to me. Iwill try my best to solve it for you.

Dandong, the largest border city in China, is located in the southeast ofLiaoning Province, which is close to the Democratic Party of Korea

The peoples Republic of Italy faces each other across the river and facesthe Yellow Sea to the south. The mainland coastline is 120km long and there aremore than 30 islands and reefs along the coast. The total area is 14910 squarekilometers, and the urban area is 832 square kilometers. "Seven mountains, onewater, three fields, half roads and manors" is the geographical feature ofDandong.

With a total population of 2.4 million, Dandong now has jurisdiction overthree districts, two cities and one county (namely Zhenxing District, YuanbaoDistrict, Zhenan District, Donggang District, Fengcheng district and KuandianDistrict), with an urban population of 810000. There are 20 ethnic minorities,the largest of which is Manchu, accounting for 32% of the citys population.

Dandong and the Democratic Republic of Korea are separated by a river.There is only one river between the two countries. This is the world-famous YaluRiver. During the war of resisting US aggression and aiding Korea, the officersand men of the Chinese peoples Volunteer Army bravely fought to defend theircountry.

Dandong is a coastal city with industry, commerce, logistics and tourism asthe main body. It is a national border economic cooperation zone and the largestand most beautiful border city in China. It is the only city in China and Asiawith border ports, airports, high-speed rail, river ports, seaports andexpressways.

Because Dandong is close to the Yellow Sea, affected by it, the climate issuitable for me, which is warm in winter and cool in summer. The winter inNortheast China is relatively cold, but the cold winter period in Dandong isonly 182 days, and the lowest temperature in history is only 18 degrees belowzero. The hot period in summer is only 50 days, and the average hot period above25 degrees is only 20 days. Because the temperature is more suitable, the mainagricultural and sideline products are millet, strawberry, tussah, ginseng,shrimp, seafood varieties are quite rich.

There are 29 ethnic minorities in Dandong, accounting for 34% of the totalpopulation. Most of them are Manchu, Mongolian, Hui and Korean. As early as morethan 300 years ago, the Eight Banners soldiers of the Manchu nationality werestationed in Phoenix City and tongyuanbao. Later, during the reign of Kangxi, alarge number of eight banners soldiers entered the pass with their families. Atthe same time, the Mongolians were transferred to the pass to settle in theborder areas for reclamation. As a result, the nomadic living habits of theethnic minorities were changed, and they lived there. There are two counties inDandong, namely Fenghuang city and Kuandian County, which are Manchu autonomousregions.

There are eight national scenic spots in Dandong, including Fenghuangshanscenic spot, qingshangou scenic spot, tianqiaogou scenic spot, memorial hall forresisting U.S. aggression and aiding Korea, Yalu River Bridge, Shuifeng Lakescenic spot, Hekou scenic spot and Taiping Bay scenic spot. There are manyprovincial scenic spots, such as Yalu River Park, Jinjiang Mountain Park, DaluIsland seaside resort, Hushan Ming Great Wall site, Dagu Mountain ancientcultural temple complex, Wulong mountain, wulongbei hot spring, etc. Tourismfeatures are quite rich: mountains, water, rocks, hot springs, historical andcultural landscape, ethnic customs and so on. There are also special bordertourism projects, such as one-day tour, four-day tour and five day tour to NorthKorea, and seven day tour to South Korea by boat.

The city tree of Dandong City is gingko tree, and the city flower is Dujuanflower. When you take a bus to visit the city, you will find that both sides ofthe main streets are covered with green trees, which are called ginkgo trees.According to the survey, there are five streets in Asia covered with ginkgotrees, of which Dandong accounts for three. Now the Dandong Municipal governmentis still increasing investment in urban greening, and has made long-termplanning and construction for the city appearance in front of the station. Inthe near future, when you come back to Dandong, you will find that the cityappearance of Dandong will have greater changes.

Dandong is well preserved in natural scenery and rich in tourism resources.In the north, there are layers of green mountains with overlapping peaks. In thesouth, the winding Yalu River is connected with the vast Yellow Sea.Bangshantai, the starting point of the Great Wall in the East, the river seaboundary stele in the North, the bullet marked Yalu River broken bridge, and thestrong ethnic customs and the combination of river, mountain, lake, sea, forest,spring and river It has become a marvelous sight.

Dandongs scenic tourism resources account for more than 10% of the areaunder its jurisdiction, with 16 scenic spots, forest parks and nature reservesat or above the provincial level. Yalu River, Fenghuang Mountain and qingshangouare national key scenic spots; Dagu Mountain and tianqiaogou are national forestparks; Yalu River Wetland and Baishilazi are national nature reserves;provincial scenic spots and forest parks include Wulong mountain, Tianhuamountain, Huangjia mountain, Dalishu, Pushihe, etc.

Tourist friends, our car is coming from the city to the ancient Great WallRuins in the direction of Hushan. Now the tour bus is passing the jiuche towngovernment in Zhenan District. Sitting in the car, you can see the stone tabletstanding on the mountain beside the road. Let me briefly introduce the origin ofthe stone tablet. This mountain is called Japan mountain. It is now renamedzhendongshan. A Japanese general during the Russo Japanese war was buried on themountain, and this stone tablet was erected as a historical relic. The stonetablet has not been removed.

Tiger mountain is located 1500 meters northeast of Dandong City. It lookslike a crouching tiger. The former "double peaks of tiger ears", one of Antonseight scenic spots, and the "Tongjun Pavilion", one of the eight Korean scenicspots on the opposite bank, face each other across the river. Standing on thebeacon tower on the top of the mountain, you can have a panoramic view of MashiSha Chau and Sinuiju city in Korea. The terrain of Hushan is very dangerous. Itis an important military place in history and the starting point of the east endof the famous Great Wall.

Before entering Hushan scenic area, we are far away from Hushan. After ageneral survey, you will find a sleeping beauty lying on the back in the shadowof Chongshan green water. From west to East, it is long hair, head, chest, dressand vivid.

I believe you will be very excited when you see the huge historical site ofHushan great wall standing beside the Yalu River. Before you climb the GreatWall, please give me five minutes to introduce the general situation of HushanGreat Wall: Hushan was originally named maer mountain. Because of two toweringpeaks side by side, it looks like two vertical long tiger ears, also known ashuer mountain, which was transformed into todays Hushan in the Qing Dynasty.As a gateway to the country, the location of the Great Wall in Hushan hasmilitary significance. Anyone who understands military affairs knows that theinitiative in fighting must first occupy the commanding height, so it is naturalto build the Great Wall in Hushan. It is also recorded that the Great Wall wasbuilt in Dandong more than 20__ years ago during the Warring States period, andthe Qin Dynasty unified the six kingdoms

The Great Wall continued to be built in Dandong until Ming Dynasty. Thegreat wall of Hushan was built in 1469 ad in the fifth year of Chenghua of MingDynasty. It was built by Han Bin, then the commander in chief. It was alsocalled "Liaodong side wall" at that time. It mainly includes the wall of theGreat Wall, the wall tower, the enemy tower, the horse face, the beacon tower,the moat, the horse wall and so on. Wang Zhihao, the governor of the MingDynasty, once wrote a poem "climbing Mt. maer to look at Korea" when he climbedto the fortress of Hushan. The poem says: "head high to the east of the sea,point out that Fusang can hang a bow, the willow can be lost in smoke, and theJackdaw can take the moon to support the sky. The mountains and rivers areendless, the mountains and rivers are different, the emperor is selfless, andthe rain and dew are the same. But he laughs at the fact that the building andthe ship have become the bottom of the matter, and the battle of the dead boneson the seashore has been successful. " The poem vividly depicts the terrain ofHushan mountain, the coldness of the border, and the cruelty of the ancientbattlefield. However, due to historical misunderstanding and historical delay,it was not until December 1990 that the governments of Liaoning Province andDandong City invited the Great Wall scholars and experts from all over thecountry to determine the historical status of the great wall of Hushan. Dandongdeclared to the world that the starting point of the great wall of Ming Dynastywas Dandong, and Dandong had the first brick of the great wall of MingDynasty.

On the huge rock in the square of the scenic spot, there is a poem: "cleargreen river, towering Hutou mountain. From then on, the Great Wall willstrengthen China. " Luo Zhewen, an expert on stone architecture from the StateAdministration of cultural relics and vice president of the Great Wall Societyof China, wrote this in 1990.

It is located on the north slope of Hushan mountain. It is 23.6 meters highand has five floors, including three main floors and two arrow towers. The mainbody is 9.6 meters high, and the whole building is mainly red, giving people apowerful historical charm.

The great wall of Hushan has played an important role in resistingcountless invaders from Korea, Russia and Japan. In order to restore theoriginal historical appearance of the ancient Great Wall site, and to make thegreat wall of Hushan stand up again, Dandong people formed a fund-raisingcommittee for the restoration of the Great Wall. The old people, children,cadres, workers, farmers, students, and soldiers all paid for it. Even a Pennyscontribution was an act of sacrifice to their ancestors. The builders lived inthe open air and lived in the stars and the moon Today, the great wall lying inHushan has fully reflected the original power of the ancient Great Wall, and canalso tell visitors its historical statement. We should witness the style of theancient Great Wall and experience the pride of the ancient Great Wall of Chinafrom Dandong. Now we start from the foot of Nanshan and climb up the mountainalong the original route.

Friends, these tall, thick and strong walls will make you feel like youonce knew each other? Everyone who has been to Beijing and swam the Great Wallwill have the same feeling. The wall switches of Jishan great wall and BadalingGreat Wall are identical. And the white mortar, the gray wall with the brickjoints, also has a sense of history.

When we climb to the top of the Great Wall along the broad and solid roadof the Great Wall, you will naturally feel the pride that you are not a herountil you reach the Great Wall. The mood will be broadened. Looking from a highaltitude, you can see that the Yalu River is like a green ribbon floating awayfrom your feet. On the other side, inlaid with green trees, are the former sitesof the liberation tower and the Tong Jun Pavilion in Sinuiju, North Korea. This"one-step" boundary marker marks the international boundary between Dandong andNorth Korea, which is only one step wide. The work of the Korean villagers isjust like that behind us. The fifth largest pillarless arch bridge in Asia inDandong. The revolving restaurant of the international hotel, the skyscraper ofthe international trade building, the residential buildings with 24 floors, andthe green Jinjiang mountain and Yuanbaoshan mountain It is full of beautifulscenery and the pride of Dandong people. This is the end of the group tour ofHushan Great Wall. The rest of the time is free to watch and play. After 30minutes, gather in front of the tour bus at the foot of the Great Wall. Have agood time!

Dear tourists, the scenic spot we are going to visit is the Ming XiaolingMausoleum, which is located in Dulong, Mt. Zijin. Xiaoling Tomb of the MingDynasty is the joint Tomb of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, andhis Empress Ma Shi. Zhu Yuanzhang was born in 1328 to a poor peasant family inFengyang, Anhui Province. He joined Huangjue temple at the age of 17, joined thered scarf army of Guo Zixing at the end of the Yuan Dynasty in 1352, led thearmy to conquer Nanjing in 1356, and ascended the throne in 1368.

Xiaoling Mausoleum of Ming Dynasty was built in 1381. In 1382, it wasburied in empress Ma Shi. In 1398, it was buried here after Zhu Yuanzhang diedof illness. The project was not completed until 1413. It was named Xiaolingbecause Zhu Yuanzhang advocated "governing the world with filial piety" on theone hand, and because empress Ma was posthumously named "Xiaoci" on the other.Therefore, the tomb was called "Xiaoling" in the Ming Dynasty and "Xiaoling" inthe Qing Dynasty to show the difference between dynasties.

Relying on Zijin Mountain, the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum has a windingShinto. The mausoleum abides by the tradition of Chinese architecture, and itscentral axis is symmetrical. It is the first Mausoleum of Baocheng Baoding. Themausoleum shape of the former dynasty and the later Dynasty is the firstMausoleum of the Ming and Qing Dynasties for more than 600 years. As a nationalkey cultural relic protection unit, it was listed in the world cultural heritagelist in 20__.

What we see now is the first gate of the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum, dajinmen.In those days, a 45 Li external wall extended from both sides of dajinmen,including the whole Zijinshan.

The roof and gate of the old golden gate, which was covered with yellowglazed tiles, have disappeared. Only the castle and the three arches.

Over the golden gate, we came to Sifang city. It turned out to be a stelePavilion. Because the top of the pavilion was destroyed by the war in XianfengPeriod of Qing Dynasty, only four walls and four door tickets were left. Eachside is 26.86 meters long, just like an ancient castle. So Nanjing peoplecommonly call it Sifang city. There is a tablet of "the miraculous work of theXiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty" in the city, which is 6.7 meters highIts 2.08 meters high and called Mian. Its said that its one of the nine sonsof the dragon. Its very heavy. This tablet is the largest Ming tablet inNanjing. The inscription is written by Zhu Di, the founder of the Ming Dynasty.It has 2746 words and is divided into seven parts. First, it describes his lifeexperience and was born in Jurong family. Second, it asks for the peoplesorders and makes a great fortune. Third, it calms down the world, ascends thethrone and becomes emperor, cezhonggong and the crown prince, and is granted thesame surname. Fourth, it abolishes Zhongshu and sets up six departments to takecharge of military power. Fifth, it attaches importance to talents and the studyof founding a nation; 6、 He lived a simple life, and asked him to be buried withMa after his death in Xiaoling; 7. The name of 57 royal children and 144 fourcharacter eulogies, the inscription is a high praise of Zhu Yuanzhangs life.The completion of the monument of the great Ming Xiaoling was in 1413, whichmarks the end of the Ming Xiaoling project. Behind Zhu Dis great contributionto Zhu Yuanzhang, in fact, he built up his own prestige in Dashu, so as to showthe legitimacy of inheriting the throne. He originally sent tens of thousands ofmigrant workers to chisel a huge stele in the eastern suburb of Nanjing. If thecap, body and base of the stele were 72 meters high, they were too huge tocarry, so they were abandoned.

After passing the Yuhe bridge, we come to the Shinto of the XiaolingMausoleum of the Ming Dynasty. The Shinto is divided into two sections. Thefirst section is Shixiang road. On both sides of the road, there are six kindsof Stone Beasts, four in each group, standing on both sides and squatting onboth sides. Kirin is the king of animals, symbolizing the majesty of kings, andChina _ s legendary law beast, symbolizing the integrity of kings; camels arethe boats of the desert, showing the vast territory of Ming Dynasty and thetranquility of the western regions of the country; the elephant is a symbol ofthe country and the people, and the people are obedient; the unicorn is a kindof monster of Chinese mythology and legend, symbolizing the benevolence of theemperor. The last animal to see is a horse, which symbolizes loyalty to theemperor. The main purpose of placing these stone beasts on both sides of theShinto is to record Zhu Yuanzhangs achievements, to show the prosperity of theMing Dynasty, and to pray for the suppression of demons and evil spirits.

Walking along the stone statue Road, the second section of Shinto,wengzhong Road, lies ahead. There is a pair of pillar at the intersection, whichis also called Huabiao. The Shinto standing in front of the mausoleum is alsocalled lingbiao. There is the function of indicating the road here. From here,Shinto begins to turn due north. On wengzhong Road, there were two pairs ofmilitary generals, who were wearing armor and holding a wat board in theirhands. They were burly, and two pairs of civil ministers, who were wearing courtclothes and holding wat boards in their hands, were solemn. They are a pair ofyoung people and a pair of middle-aged people respectively, which indicates thatthere are successors in Daming. At the end of the Shinto Road, there is aLingxing gate with six pillars and three gates. The original gate was destroyedin the war in Xianfeng Period of the Qing Dynasty. Now the Lingxing gate isrestored in 20__ according to historical data. This is the ceremonial gate forvisiting the mausoleum.

On the east side of Shixiang Road, there is a hill called Meihua Mountain.Shinto turns a bend around Meihua Mountain. It turns out that this mountain wasthe mausoleum of Sun Quan in the eastern Wu Dynasty. During the construction ofthe Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty, someone suggested that thismausoleum should be removed. However, Zhu Yuanzhang said, "Sun Quan is also ahero. Let me see the gate." so the Shinto curved and became the natural barrierof the Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty. Now it has become a famous plumappreciation base in Nanjing.

Now we see the Jinshui bridge. Behind the Jinshui bridge is the mausoleumbuilding of Xiaoling Mausoleum of Ming Dynasty. There were five Jinshui bridgesfacing the five gates of the mausoleum palace, which were destroyed by the warin Xianfeng Period of Qing Dynasty. Only three of them were restored in QingDynasty. We can see that the stone carvings on the bridge deck and bridgefoundation are still relics of Ming Dynasty, and the bridge railings wererebuilt in Qing Dynasty. Starting from here, the building is in accordance withChinese tradition, with the north facing south and the central axissymmetrical.

Up the slope, the first thing we see is the square gate of Wenwu, which isthe gate of the mausoleum palace. Its yellow tile, red door and red wall set offeach other, showing the royal style. This gate was rebuilt in 1988 according tohistorical materials. In front of the gate, on the east side of the wall, thereis a special notice tablet, which was erected in the first year of Xuantong. Itis written in the characters of Japan, Germany, Italy, France, Britain andRussia. The content is to warn visitors to protect Xiaoling.

Entering the Wenwu square gate, we come to the Beidian. The Beidian wasoriginally the gate in front of the Xiaoling hall. Because the gate wasdestroyed in the war of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the destroyed gate wasrebuilt into a Beidian in the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty. There are fiveinscriptions in the hall. In the middle of the five inscriptions, "Zhilong Tangand Song Dynasty" is inscribed in the handwriting of Emperor Kangxi, which meansthat Zhu Yuanzhangs achievements in governing the country surpass those ofEmperor Taizong Li Shimin and Emperor Songtai in the Tang Dynasty Zhao Kuangyin.Kangxi, as the emperor of the Qing Dynasty, showed his respect and admirationfor Zhu Yuanzhang on the one hand, and on the other hand, he had his own goodintentions. At the beginning of the reign of Kangxi, the Han people did notaccept the Manchu rule. Kangxi knew that it was not enough to rely on theManchus high pressure policy alone, but also on the Han people. He visitedXiaoling of Ming Dynasty six times and five times in his life. He knelt downthree times and kowtowed nine times. In 1699, when he visited Xiaoling of MingDynasty for the third time, he wrote "Zhilong Tang and Song Dynasty" to win thehearts of the people. Next to them are two steles inscribed by Emperor Qianlongwhen he visited the mausoleum. There are also two lying steles on the back,which respectively record the first and third visits to Taizu mausoleum duringEmperor Kangxis southern tour. There are records written by Tao Dai, governorof Liangjiang and Cao Yin, weaving doctor in Jiangnan.

This building is the former site of Xiaoling hall, which is the mainbuilding of Xiaoling. You can see the three-story xumizuo platform base of theoriginal white marble. The platform base is three meters high. The four cornersof the three-story platform base are still left with stone carved head. Thereare three steps around the platform base. Its the middle of the road. On thethird floor of xumizuo is the hall of enjoyment, which is dedicated to ZhuYuanzhang and empress ma. The original palace was destroyed by the war inXianfeng Period of the Qing Dynasty. Now we can see 56 huge stone pillars on theplatform foundation, each with a diameter of 0.91 meters. Its easy to imaginehow spectacular the hall was at that time. At that time, the hall of Xiaolingwas nine rooms wide and five rooms deep, with double eaves, covered with yellowglazed tiles and a bucket arch overhanging eaves. The scale of Xiaoling was muchlarger than that of Changling Hall of Ming Chengzu in Beijing. What we see nowis the three Bay small hall restored during the reign of Tongzhi in the QingDynasty, which is not as large as before.

Passing through the inner red gate and the Shengxian bridge, the buildingin front of you is Fangcheng. Fangcheng is a huge building in front of Baoding.The outside is made of big stones and huge bricks. There are eight characterwalls on the East and west sides of Fangcheng. The four corners of the wall aredecorated with brick carvings. These brick carvings are representative works ofthe early Ming Dynasty. Passing through the 54th level corridor in the center ofFangcheng, you can see the south wall of Baocheng. On the front of the wall, youcan see that it is built with 13 layers of stones. It is said that the sevencharacters were engraved in the early years of the Republic of China to answervisitors questions.

From the East-West corridor between Baocheng and Fangcheng, you can climbto the minglou. It was originally a beautiful building with double eaves andyellow glazed tiles. It was destroyed by the war of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdomin the Qing Dynasty. Only four walls are left. In 20__, the minglou protectionproject was completed, and it has been restored. In July 20__, the minglou wasofficially opened to tourists, showing the distribution of Ming Dynasty in ChinaThere are 19 mausoleums of emperors in China.

Behind the Fangcheng is Baoding, which is a large round mound with adiameter of 325-400m. On the top of the mound are towering trees, and below itis the palace where empress Ma of Zhu Yuanzhang was buried. Baocheng is a brickcity with a circumference of 1100 meters around Baoding. The imperial mausoleumin Baoding of Baocheng city is the first mausoleum in Ming and Qing Dynastiesfor more than 500 years. Its just that the Ming Dynastys top is roughly round,while the Qing Dynastys Mausoleums top is oval.

Today, the east side of the Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty haspreserved the site of the Dongling Mausoleum of Zhu Biao, Prince of the MingDynasty.

In ancient China, the imperial mausoleum was originally built in Fangshangof Qin and Han Dynasties. The representative mausoleum was Qinshihuang Mausoleumin Shaanxi Province. In Tang Dynasty, it was changed to the mausoleum near themountain. The representative mausoleum included Tang Qianling Mausoleum of LiZhi, Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty and Empress Wu Zetian of Shaanxi Province.In Song Dynasty, the imperial mausoleum was built in Fangshang of relativelysmall scale. In Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang initiated the mausoleum form ofBaocheng Baoding mausoleum and former dynasty and later Dynasty mausoleum.

The Ming Dynasty established its capital in 1368 and perished in 1644.There were 16 emperors before and after it. Except for the Ming XiaolingMausoleum in Nanjing, the rest of the mausoleums were in Beijing. Only JianwenEmperor Zhu Yunwen had no mausoleum. Many tombs of the Ming Dynasty have left uscountless places to watch.

As the remains of Chinese culture, ancient Chinese mausoleums have leftimportant material materials for later generations to study and understandancient Chinese economy and culture. Dear tourist friends, todays visit iscoming to an end. Thank you for your cooperation in my tour guide work. Welcometo visit Ming Xiaoling again!

As is known to all, the silk road into xinjiang, south, north is divided into three sections, the word. And of every faith scenery lets a person miand thoughtful. Therefore, it is the silk road trip to travel.

Brief introduction of the first description: xinjiang is located in Chinas northwest border regions in China, also called, the second-largest pasture, ecological environment. North of continental climate, the winters are long and hard, summer, autumn season and hot chirp is not obvious, relatively strong, solar radiation temperature changes. So remind everybody must pay attention to prevent bask in the night and temperature is too big and prepare appropriate clothes. Meanwhile, xinjiang has the advantageous sunshine, light, heat and planting trees and the crops of thermophilic melon, improve sugar accumulation. So a luscious taste the melon and fruit in xinjiang.

Our first stop was the urumqi. It is the farthest from the oceans of the world cities, capital of xinjiang uygur autonomous region, meaning "beautiful", but also the ranch along. We recommend the attraction is the natural pasture, carefree nanshan pasture flocks, paolo maldini, compose in green grassland, spruce, combining the deep valley, and a 20 meters high, the waterf-all. Here you can live on the shores of the ZhanFang, taste herdsmen Nang, dairy products, roast lamb kebabs, ZhuaFan hand, etc. Bake complete sheep is a choice JieYang surrounding xinjiang, or under the age of two lambs as raw materials, to fat with flour and entrails, feet, salt water, eggs, pepper, alone powder evenly into paste, in the whole body, then add the sheep are soaking pit, Nang bake until cooked. Baked sheep, golden oil, fragrance waft through the meat, delicious! You can rent a horse galloping on the kazakh nomads, acrothe vast grassland of the thick forest. Also can realize kazak ethnic customs: racing nomads, thanks to the sheep, chasing girls. Urumqi seasons all appropriate, each have different seasons.

Our second station is well known in turpan: its very hot and dry the lowest place. Is extremely arid region unique ecological environment and the representatives of the oasis civilization. You may have noticed that a foot on this land, and we are the only dry! The sun is so frankly, the baking temperature has reached 50 to 60 degrees Celsius, i.e., steaming eggs. You also dont too boring, let us imagine a pleasant trip to the sauna. First, we went to the fire, the authors of shanxi, surrounded by the farmhouse here, secluded spot, vines with green, a very cool and refreshing and comfortable come, here is the "HuoZhou" summer in heaven. In these grape, as long as the timbrel rang, men and women will be averted dance. Believe that everyone heard that song familiar "to", covering your journey has a small talk "uncle"? How does not show guide So now you for it.

Small guide a bit embarrassed, here but dance, unexpectedly township in here, please everybody to me. Now please follow me to visit the shadow of raisins for washing room. Raised my hand against the grapes can be picked you cant decapitation, later will have to taste the free of grapes, let everybody fan.

To see the city will be KanErJing, it is spots with wall, the beijing-hangzhou grand canal and called Chinas three projects, it is the source of life of the local people. Because it is in the ground, also very cool and refreshing and comfortable.

Now we came to the tomb ASiDaNa - hara and is, there are many rooms vivid fresco, lifelike lifelike, still have the "turpan documents", it is the current international academic research foundation of words - turpan. Because the climate is hot dry form natural germ-free environment, so the dead bodies and objects, although calendar millennium items without corruption, the body is due to rapid dehydrate and formed the pyramids in Egypt mummy "than" also mummified corpses of exotic, some even seems visible eyes eyelash.

Now we reached the place, also is the hami melon is executed. Two thousand years ago, here is the han dynasty ZhangQian first opened the silk road fortress, known as "the macroscopic throats, western". As the saying goes, "the east sea crab hami melons as shrimp," beauty of hami words cant express. Silk road and the grassland culture were also it nurture...

Millions of years ago CengFanHua noisy here, all the time, the flowers are circulation of vast desert mysterious buried. Numerous archaeological explorers have again and again into a history to touch, the dust, touch the soul of hundreds of years ago. Loulan ancient site actually is the capital of kingdom ". Have LuoBuBo beside the river, clear. After the han and the tarim river water diverted, though, because human resource and spent a cross-sectional note glacier diversion into loulan, but soon, the time of ancient lou-lan and waste water. From ancient lou-lan died in history!

Welcome to the capital city cloud west palace! I am your tour guide, my name is x, you can call me little x. For a fun filled visit to in order to facilitate everyone, let me first introduce you.

LinXiang wu xie zhang jinshi yuelu academy, for the door from a couplet embedded opportunely "foot of cloud palace" four word, yue: "in particular, the foot on cloud extremely, save that Ann is palace", for the excellent work.

Foot of cloud palace before the door of the office with a couplet: "come out of the night, see yue color split, surrounded by the river, mountains more sites that have ShaoLing write sentences, monuments, the north sea." Foot of couplet of linked to write cloud palace terrain majestic, seems to stand up in the air, in this can close to the capital city, overlooking the xiangjiang river north flow; Bottom allied to mention cloud palace there are many historical sites in the capital city of the foothill, du fu left a poem here, Li Yong topic written by the famous stone inscription.

At hunan graceful hanging qing ecliptic let "southwest gas to HengYue, day and night under Jiang Sheng dongting" woodcut couplets. To undertake foot of cloud palace in the capital city of mount hengshan seventy-two peak, stands in the rolling north into the dongting of xiangjiang river in eight hundred. Couplets and grabbed the foot of the cloud palace magnificent terrain features, verve, magnificent antithesis neat, the writing way, had permeated.

Of changsha people between Ming dynasty and early qing liao YuanDu poem "SuYun palace foothill" cloud: "Lin deep night empty, a comb to light blue. The moonlight such as autumn thin, insect sound touch the dream". Expresses, the authors in the dynasties of gone with the homeless stranger temple, lonely night alone on a single, regretted the wu family broken emotions.

Dropout in the qing dynasty has a song by the yuelu academy XuPu YanZhengJi in a man from the foot of nights cloud palace: "cloud peaks sufficient sleep, foothill unlined upper garment of interference with five streams smoke. Pledge China month three thousands of miles, read four years fillip dongfeng. DE patinagem DE moth color while swimming, song tao please go to the pestle clock edge. Homes buy green house, with the world as a fairy." Poetry in addition to the description of cloud palace where the foothill mountain steep, view of vast and moonlight, song tao natural scenery, also relates to the foot of cloud palace is Taoist view, expressed the poet want to buy a house to live here, for the desire of human fairy.

Suspended Jiang Bai WangHu cabinet with "a rain, gu city shore."

Palace before have worshipped YueShi, also known as flying stone, the stone zhang yu, because its can look HengYue and worship, so the name. The stone engraved with the song dynasty zhao Bian did "flaky cross day, between clouds deep footpath, many ZhuYaoShou, climb the hill."

In the door of the left branch of embedded iron bell, according to the "build" four years of wanli, Zhong Mingwen legend for FeiLaiZhong. The weathered rain and snow and no rust, tapping sound the agitation of realisation, listening as the voice of "return", therefore, also known as "back the clock". The original Zhong Ji destroyed and after filling embedded a bell in the same place.

Cloud palace foothill Ming dynasty chenghua fourteen years (1478) king JiJian built see deepened Francisco changsha zhu. Mount wudang Taoist temple palace architectural form, called holes view, palazzo vecchio waste Pi already. Ming jiajing (1522-1566) years satrap sun outreach Taoist Li Kejing rebuild, and increase plant pine, cypress, mangrove, catalpa bamboo thousands of plants, and in view of the space surrounding scenery look brand-new. Longqing years (1567-1567) gold keep points grounded in mountain Taoist monastery, temple yuan zhang and visitors, because to keep separation of gold are mystery lore, hong deep knowledge degree, is together but repairing foot of cloud palace. By its fundraising billiton, build temple, renamed cloud palace palace QianDian foothill to guan temple, temple worship in the xuan emperor, basaltic patriarch temple, temple after the 2nd "sanqing. The foot of the late Ming dynasty, the clouds palace destroyed by BingXian twice.

Early years of the qing emperor kangxi (1662-1722), changsha points XunDao Richard c.haskelli repair foot of cloud palace. Qianlong (1736-1795) temple of five, then for the cliffs, iron smelting for tile, made stone column. Two years xianfeng (1852) destroyed by BingZai. Qing daoguang (1821-1850) years at the foot of cloud palace is expected to hunan pavilion, pavilion in beit YueShi for people trapped under the xiangjiang river and the city of changsha. Word in front of the first year of a small pavilion, built outside the pavilion and yue, celestial queen temple, adding the door. The following year the foot of mount wudang Taoist taihe palace to teach fai to cloud palace bishop, friends and set a way for donors, according to the former size heavy Qi palace.

During the Anti-Japanese War in 1944 for the Japanese planes bombed, cloud palace hall, statues, stone inscription foothill suffered severe damage. In 1946, road flyover WuYun open, Wu Minghai fundraising repair, etc. In looking at hunan pavilion addition reality pure Yang lu dongbin embossment stone, and engraved with the inscription hundred words by reality. Spirit to build the palace in this flying stone, built the qing xu GongZaiJin back the clock, have been destroyed.

After the founding of the Peoples Republic of China the foot of cloud palace rebuilt in 1957. During the cultural revolution in 1966 foot of cloud palace suffered severe damage. 1976 collapsed close emperor temple in the repair, built a castle in the two layers of rectangle on the site, east to walls, for visitors to cower usually go there on special trip for. After temple and palace right Lv Zudian teahouse, for visitors to rest tea. Palace left rear billiton, hundreds of square meters, and build by laying bricks or stones to build the corridor. At the beginning of the 21st century in the attic wangjiang vertical Lv Zu like, according to the regulation for a recess, front office established close emperor like. The cliffs are according to Taoist regulation three Buddha statues. Left foot of cloud palace ShuYou tree stirrup monuments, remember "the foot of the mountain of white marble, near the foot of the mountain 巩峙峙 tablet", and BeiYin for "united wing chiu light". Old trees, paper lanterns have waste.

各位游客：

你们好，欢迎你们来到北京旅游，我是你们的导游。

恭王府位于北京市西城区前海西街，是清代规模最大的一座王府，先后作为大贪官和珅、庆亲王永璘的宅邸，后被赐予恭亲王奕欣，由此得名恭王府，并沿用至今。恭王府历经了清王朝由鼎盛至衰亡的历史进程，故有“一座恭王府，半部清代史”的说法。

“月牙河绕宅如龙蟠，西山远望如虎踞”，这是史书上对恭王府的描述。就其选址而言，它占据京城绝佳的位置。古人修宅建园很注重风水，北京据说有两条龙脉，一是土龙，即故宫的龙脉;二是水龙，指后海和北海一线，而恭王府正好在后海和北海之间的连接线上，即龙脉上，因此风水非常的好。古人以水为财，在恭王府内“处处见水”，最大的湖心亭的水，是从玉泉湖引进来的，而且只内入不外流，因此更符合风水学敛财的说法。我国十大元帅和郭沫若等人、均在恭王府的附近居住，而且都非常长寿。据说，北京长寿老人最多的地方就是在恭王府附近，这个地方真是一块风水宝地。

恭王府由府邸和花园两部分组成，南北长约330米，东西宽180余米， 占地面积约61120平方米，其中府邸占地32260平方米，花园占地28860平方米。府邸不仅宽大，而且建筑也是最高规制。明显的标志是门脸和房屋数量。亲王府有门脸五间，正殿七间，后殿五间，后寝七间，左右有配殿。低于亲王等级的王公府邸决不能多于这些数字。房屋的形式、屋瓦的颜色也是不能逾制的。恭王府的中、东、西三路各有三个院落，其中每一路的后两个院子是人们要游览的主要区域。

府邸建筑分东、中、西三路，每路由南自北都是以严格的中轴线贯穿着的多进四合院落组成。

中路最主要的建筑是银安殿和嘉乐堂，殿堂屋顶采用绿琉璃瓦，显示了中路的威严气派，同时也是亲王身份的体现。东路的前院正房名为多福轩，厅前有一架长了两百多年的藤萝，至今仍长势甚好，在京城极为罕见。东路的后进院落正房名为“乐道堂”，是当年恭亲王奕欣的起居处。西路的四合院落较为小巧精致，主体建筑为葆光室和锡晋斋。精品之作当属高大气派的锡晋斋，大厅内有雕饰精美的楠木隔段，为和珅仿紫禁城宁寿宫式样(此为和珅僭侈逾制，是其被赐死的“二十大罪”之一)。府邸最深处横有一座两层的后罩楼，东西长达156米，后墙共开88扇窗户，内有108间房，俗称“99间半”，取道教“届满即盈”之意。

名为“朗润园或萃锦园”，俗称恭王府花园，徜徉于园中犹如漫步在山水之间。与府邸相呼应，花园也分为东中西三路。中路以一座西洋建筑风格的汉白玉拱形石门为入口，以康熙皇帝御书“福”字碑为中心，前有独乐峰、蝠池，后有绿天小隐、蝠厅，布局令人回味无穷。东路的大戏楼厅内装饰清新秀丽，缠枝藤萝紫花盛开，使人恍如在藤萝架下观戏。戏楼南端的明道斋与曲径通幽、垂青樾、吟香醉月、流杯亭等五景构成园中之园。花园内古木参天，怪石林立，环山衔水，亭台楼榭，廊回路转。月色下的花园景致更是千变万化，别有一番洞天。诸多中外游客慕名而至，寻觅着翠山碧水、曲径幽台在诉说的如烟往事。

恭王府位于前海西街，建于1776—1785年，原为清代乾隆宠臣和珅的私宅，和珅因贪污罪于嘉庆年间被抄家处死后，此处私宅便赠给了庆王。同治朝时，由于恭亲王奕忻协同慈禧发动政变有功，慈禧太后便将此宅赠予他，而成为恭亲王府。

俗呼银銮殿，恭王府最主要的建筑。作为王府的正殿， 只有逢重大事件、重要节日时方打开，起到礼仪的作用。民国初年，由于不慎失火，大殿连同东西配殿一并焚毁，现银安殿院落为复建。

和珅时期之建筑。悬挂有“嘉乐堂”匾额一方。该匾疑是乾隆帝赐给和珅的，但匾额无署款，无钤记，故无由证实，但和珅留有《嘉乐堂诗集》，说明是和珅之室名。在恭亲王时期，嘉乐堂主要作为王府的祭祀场所，内供有祖先、诸神等的牌位，以萨满教仪式为主。恭王府规模宏大，占地约6万平方米，分为府邸和花园两部分，拥有各式建筑群落30多处，布局讲究，气派非凡。其花园又名锦翠园，园内布局、设计具有较高的艺术水平。造园模仿皇宫内的宁寿宫。全园以“山”字型假山拱抱，东、南、西面均堆土累石为山，中路又以房山石堆砌洞壑，手法颇高。山顶平台，成为全园最高点。居高临下，可观全园景色。恭王府由于是在权臣和珅邸宅的基础上改建而成，和珅当年定罪的二十大罪状中就有关于内檐装修的“潜侈逾制”问题，如其中的第十三款“查得和珅房屋竟有楠木厅堂，其多宝格及隔断门窗解仿照宁寿宫制度”。因此恭王府的内 檐装修在王府文化中别具一格，其所表现的特点尤为突出：

一、 规格最高，可与宫殿建筑比美：

恭王府几座主要厅堂的内檐装修不仅是多宝格、隔断，还可举出仙楼、神殿带毗卢帽的祭灶等装修也与宫廷中别无二制。并有室内假山水池，装修成室内小园林，更是别出心裁。

二、 数量较多，形式多样：

从样式雷图中可以看到当年有内檐装修的建筑多达二十余处，而且具有多种类型，如太师壁、宝座床、碧纱橱、祭灶、万字炕、几腿罩、落地罩、炕罩、真假门、仙楼、书阁、多宝格、顺山炕、前、后檐炕等。

三、 界划灵活，空间丰富：

恭王府内各厅堂的空间根据使用功能划分，格局多样，其主要厅堂既有肃穆、庄严的开敞式大空间，又有私密性的小空间，既有对称式的，也有非对称式的，还有可以灵活组合的。有的适合接待高级宾客，有的用于萨满教的祭祀活动，有的适合起居生活，有的作为寝息，不同的空间需求各得其所。

四、 做工精细，技巧高超：

从恭王府的装修遗留物件中可知皆使用硬木，用材异常讲究，加工的木料可以作出细小的截面，雕刻花纹起伏精确，而且使用圆形或曲线拼出各种华格，只有在精细的加工之基础上才能完成，施工难度之大，令人叹为观止。 遗憾的是恭王府的原有内檐装修，绝大部分已经无存，今天通过研究王府文化，要进一步将其发掘出来，结合今后的王府博物馆展示要求，再现当年辉煌。

乾隆四十一年，即1776年，和珅开始在这东依前海， 背靠后海的位置修建他的豪华宅第，时称“和第”。有说法称、明弘治年间、大太监李广也曾经置第于此。嘉庆四年正月初三太上皇弘历归天，次日嘉庆褫夺了和珅军机大臣、九门提督两职，抄了其家，估计全部财富约值白银八亿两，相当于清政府十五年的财政收入，所以有“和珅跌倒，嘉庆吃饱”的说法。同年正月十八，即1799年2月22日，和珅被“赐令自尽”。而宅子本身，则如愿归“爱豪宅不爱江山”的胞弟庆僖亲王永璘所有。

与此同时，嫁予和珅之子的乾隆之女和孝公主，仍居住在半座宅第中。咸丰元年，即1851年，清末重要政治人物恭亲王奕?成为这所宅子的第三代主人，改名恭王府，恭王府之名由此沿用至今。“一座恭王府，半部清朝史”是历史地理学家侯仁之对恭王府的评价。民国初年，这座王府被恭亲王的孙子溥伟以40万块大洋卖给教会，后由辅仁大学用108根金条赎回，并用作女生学堂。新中国成立以后，王府曾被公安部宿舍、风机厂、音乐学院等多家单位使用过。

恭王府是我国保存最为完整的王府建筑群，分为府邸和花园两部分，府在前，园在后。恭王府的开放，早在30年前，就被提上议事日程。1975年，周总理在病床上，以3件未做完的事情托付谷牧，其中之一就是恭王府的开放问题。

恭王府始建于清乾隆年间，初为大学士和珅的私邸。

同治初年，这里的第三代主人恭亲王奕欣，身兼议政王、军机领班大臣等要职，重权在握，显赫一时，乃大筑邸园，同时也对府邸部分进行了修缮与改建。我们看到的恭王府的建筑规模与格局，就是在那个时候最后形成的。

恭王府前半部是富丽堂皇的府邸，后半部为幽深秀丽的古典园林，总占地面积将近六万平方米。其府邸建筑庄重肃穆，尚朴去华，明廊通脊，气宇轩昂，仅次于帝王居住的宫室。府后的萃锦园则衔水环山，古树参天，曲廊亭榭，富丽天然;其间景致之变化无常，开合有致，实为中国园林建筑的典范。

根据现有的文献记载，在这块位于京城前海西岸，被"蟠龙水"环抱着的风水宝地上，元、明两朝曾经有过一座规模宏大的寺院，香火旺盛，游人如织，就连皇帝也来此礼佛上香。大约十六世纪中叶，该寺院才逐渐荒废，沦落为明朝廷的供应厂;清朝入主北京以后，在这里建造大小不等的院落若干，供内务府等普通旗人居住。

乾隆四十年前后，在皇帝面前红得发紫的和珅，相中了这块四周萦水，遥接西山，而且又离“皇上家”不远的风水宝地，遂以高价购买下这里的多处房产，建造成大名鼎鼎的“和第”。

恭王府之被称“半部清朝史”，是和居住在这里的三代主人密切相关的。尽人皆知，第一代府主和珅，是乾隆晚期的宰辅、大学士，又是历史上赫赫有名的贪官，在清史中十分惹人注目，有关他的传说也因此多不胜数。特别是他的儿子丰绅殷德，后来娶了乾隆皇帝的小女儿固伦和孝公主为妻，使这座豪宅一时成为了实际上的公主府……

嘉庆四年，和珅因罪赐死，嘉庆皇帝遂将这座宅第转赐给他的小弟弟庆郡王永璘。永璘大概算得上历代主人里最为钟爱这座豪宅的人。早在和珅当道时，乾隆的诸位皇子便凑在一起商订，将来不管谁当了皇帝，都要“办”掉和珅，惟十七皇子永璘说：“将来不论哪位哥哥当上皇帝，只要把和珅的这座豪宅赏给我，我就知足!”

说到永璘，或者许多人都不太熟悉，但若提起他的孙子，那个与李鸿章一起同八国联军签订《辛丑条约》的庆亲王奕劻，恐怕又是无人不晓了。奕劻也是中国近代史上著名的贪官，但与清末那一群懦庸无能的王公贝勒相比，他总还算是一个敢于负责，能够委以重任的人。因此，从同治朝起，奕劻便得到慈禧太后的宠信。在咸丰将府邸改赐恭亲王之前，他一直以辅国将军的身份在此居住。

至于说恭亲王奕欣，那更是中国近代史上最重要的政治人物之一，他参与了第二次鸦片战争以及其后(1853-1898年之间)的几乎全部重大政治活动，"辛酉政变"时，就是他把慈禧扶上了"垂帘听政"的宝座……毫不夸张地说，如果没有奕欣，整部中国近代史，乃至后来的中国历史就会改写。

如果说世间万物都有灵性，那么这座被"蟠龙水"包围着的明珠一般美丽的建筑，自从它诞生的那一天起，就注定是一个充满着忧伤气质，命运多舛的苦命宅园。

嘉庆四年(1799年)，和珅被处死之后，嘉庆帝即将这座豪宅的西半部，赐给了他那个只要和珅府不要皇帝位的十七弟永璘。之所以只给他一半，是因为当时，乾隆皇帝的十公主及其额驸丰绅殷德还住在那里。

和孝公主，是整部清朝历史中最具传奇色彩的公主，其生母为乾隆皇帝晚年的宠妃汪氏。乾隆四十年正月，当这位性情、外貌全都酷肖其父的"最幼女"来到世界时，皇帝已然是六十五岁高龄的老人。十公主虽身为女子，但天生神力，能开十个劲的硬弓，时常陪着父皇骑马打猎，乾隆因此爱她胜过所有的子女，他不只一次叹息："你要是个阿哥，这个皇位将来非你莫属啊!"的确，十公主非但武功卓绝，而且胸襟非凡，当和珅春风得意时，驸马倚仗其父权势行为娇纵，公主就曾经严肃地训斥他："你阿玛受我父皇厚恩，不思回报，却只知纳贿。我都替你们担忧啊，到了身家不保的那一天，连我也要受到你们牵累!"

十公主的话，虽不幸言中，但嘉庆皇帝最终还是念着兄妹之情，没有剥夺他这个小妹夫的爵位，公主夫妇也仍然住在原来的家里。这座宅第也就因此一分为二，西为庆王府;东为公主府，一直到道光三年(1820xx年)九月，十公主去世，整座府邸才全部归到庆王名下，而那时，永璘已经死去三年多了……

辛亥以后，按照民国政府优待清室条例的规定，王府成了府主人的私产。后因政局动荡，生计艰危，未世王孙们纷纷卖掉府第，以图生存。恭王府当然也同北京的其他王府一样，没能逃脱可悲的蜕变与分割。

1920xx年，小恭王溥伟为筹集复辟经费，将恭王府府邸部分的"龙票"，以八万银元的价格低押给北京天主教会的西什库教堂。十几年后，利上加利，原先八万银元的抵押款，滚到了近二十万，穷途末路的溥伟早已无力偿还这笔巨款债务了。1932年，由罗马教会兴办的辅仁大学，以教会之间的关系，用一百零八根金条代偿了这笔贷款，产权遂归这所大学。1937年，辅仁大学因扩充女生宿舍，收回房产，将府邸部分作为女院，并把后罩楼通向萃锦园的通道砌死，这样，府邸与花园就开始分开了。同年，原先居住在邸园中的溥伟二弟溥儒，又以十万银元的价格将花园也卖给了辅仁大学。

1949年，恭王府花园改为某国家机关宿舍;府邸为艺术师范学院、中国音乐学院及文化部艺术研究院等单位使用。1952年，中国音乐学院拆府前部一进四合院，盖起一座"现代风格"的食堂;1959年，又拆掉了原府邸大门外的所有房屋，建筑起一座曲尺形的琴楼和一座一字形的画楼。"文革"期间，厂桥空调器厂占用了大戏楼等花园东部的"半壁江山";国管局幼儿园则占据西路建筑。由于不合理使用与地震的破坏，到七十年代中晚期，花园的部分游廊和府邸东路南部一进院落的正房及东西厢房先后倒塌，其他建筑也都遭到不同程度的损毁，但所幸王府总体格局未遭破坏。

恭王府——世界最大的四合院，除皇帝和家眷外，任何人是不得住进紫禁城的。因此皇亲国戚们都要建造自己的宅弟，以为家居之所。于是，王府便产生了。今日的北京城里，还有60余座清代王府，其中恭王府是保存最完整的一个。

北京的清代王府都分布在内城区里，这和清代北京城的居住限制密切相关。城墙未拆除以前，北京城的格局是大“口”里面包小“口”，最中心的是故宫，外面的第二层是皇城，为政府衙门，第三层是内城，为清代八旗王公贵族集中居住的地方;最外面的第四层，才是汉人和其他民族的集中居住地。今天在北京内城漫步，还能时时看见深宅大院。

位于什刹海北岸的恭王府分为平行的东、中、西三路。中路的3座建筑是府邸的主体，一是大殿，二是后殿，三是延楼，延楼东西长160米，有40余间房屋。东路和西路各有3个院落，和中路建筑遥相呼应。王府的最后部分是花园，20多个景区各不相同。

大观园是中国古典文学名著《红楼梦》里描绘的一大园林。《红楼梦》成书于北京，有中国封建社会秘史之称。根据书中的描写，人们在北京西南角建起了一座园林。这处取名大观园的新园是今日北京的一大胜景，每天游人不断。

由于恭王府有着《红楼梦》中所描绘的某些景物，因此 有人说恭王府花园是大观园的蓝本。但是，许多人又提出了不同的意见。恭王府到底是不是大观园的蓝本呢?这可能也是一个永远的秘密了。

恭王府的主人，是一等贵族，所以他的府邸不仅宽大，而且建筑也是最高格制。明显的标志是门脸和房屋数量。 亲王府有门脸5间正殿7间，后殿5间，后寝7间，左右有配殿。低于亲王等级的王公府邸决不能多于这些数字。

如果你看到深宅大院的门口耸立着石狮，你马上就可以判定大院的主人是不低于五品的-;如果你再仔细数一数石狮头上的卷毛疙瘩，你就会进一步认定品极;皇帝门口的石狮上有13排疙瘩，亲王12排，爵位越低，数量递减。

房屋的形式、屋瓦的颜色也是不能替越的。恭王府以前的主人是大0相和坤，他修建了庆颐堂，模仿了皇帝的宁寿宫。皇帝“加恩赐令自尽”时，这是其中的一条罪状。

Friends:

Today, Im going to show you a famous tourist attraction in Luoyang - Baimatemple. Baima temple is located about 12 kilometers east of Luoyang City. It isclose to Mangshan Mountain in the north and Luoshui River in the south. It hastowering pagodas, towering halls, long forests and ancient trees. Not far to theEast, the ancient city wall of hazelnut groves still meanders on the Yiluo plainintermittently, drawing out the grand outline of Kyoto, a great power in thepast. That is the former site of Luoyang City in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

Baima temple was founded in the 11th year of Yongping (AD 68) of theEastern Han Dynasty. It is the first temple officially established by thegovernment after Buddhism was introduced into China. It is the first BodhiTaoist temple for Buddhism originated from the South Asian subcontinent toprosper and develop in the vast land of China. Therefore, it has always beencalled "Shiyuan" and "Zuting" by the Buddhist circles. "Shiyuan" is thebirthplace of Buddhism, "Zuting" is the courtyard of the founder. It has playedan important role in the spread and development of Buddhism in China, in thepromotion of Ideological and cultural exchanges between China and foreigncountries, and in the development of friendship among the people of allcountries. In 1961, the State Council announced that Baima temple was the firstbatch of national key cultural relics protection units. In 1983, the StateCouncil announced that Baima temple is the key Temple of Chinese Buddhism inChina. Not long ago, on June 2, __, Baima temple was designated as a national 4Ascenic spot by the National Tourism Administration.

Baima temple was founded in the Eastern Han Dynasty. It was destroyed forthe first time when Dong Zhuo burned Luoyang. Then it rose and fell. At the timeof Wu Zetian, Xue Huaiyi, who was in charge of the construction, reached itspeak. The most recent large-scale renovation was carried out in 1972 to welcomePrince Sihanouk of Cambodia with the instruction of Premier Zhou.

The existing Baima temple is a rectangular courtyard facing south, with atotal area of about 60000 square meters. There is a wide square in front of thedoor. The main buildings in the temple are distributed on the central axis fromsouth to north. There are five main halls in front and behind, which areTianwang hall, Great Buddha Hall, Daxiong hall and Pilu Pavilion. On the Eastand west sides, there are bell, Drum Tower, Zhaitang, Hakka hall, Zen hall,ancestral hall, sutra collection Pavilion, magic weapon Pavilion and otherancillary buildings, which are symmetrical and well arranged. The two stonehorses in front of the mountain gate are 1.8 meters high and 2.2 meters long,with gentle image and round carving. You may ask, are these two horses relatedto the founding history of Baima temple?

On the foundation of Baima temple, the most popular saying is "Baimatuojing". According to records in Guans Buddhist books, one night in theseventh year of Yongping in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Emperor Liu Zhuang (the sonof Liu Xiu) spent the night in Nangong. He dreamed that a golden man, who wassix feet tall and shining on his head, came from the West and flew around thepalace. The next morning, Emperor Hanming summoned his ministers and told themthe dream. Doctor Fu Yi said: I heard that there is a God in the west, andpeople call it Buddha, just as you dream. After hearing this, Emperor Han andMing believed it, so he sent more than ten ministers, such as Cai Yin and QinJing, to the western regions to pray for Buddhist scriptures and Dharma. In AD65, Cai Yin and others bid farewell to the imperial capital and embarked on thejourney of "seeking scriptures from the west". In Dayue Kingdom (now Afghanistanto Central Asia), I met Indian eminent monks, such as shemoteng and zhufalan. Imet Buddhist sutras and white felt statues of Sakyamuni Buddha. I sincerelyinvited the two eminent monks to go to China to preach Buddhism. In the tenthyear of Yongping (AD 67), two Indian eminent monks were invited to carryBuddhist scriptures and statues on white horses together with envoys of theEastern Han Dynasty to Luoyang. Emperor Hanming was very happy to see theBuddhist scriptures and statues. He was very polite to the two eminent monks. Hepersonally received them and arranged for them to stay in Honglu temple, theofficial office in charge of foreign affairs at that time. In 68 A.D., EmperorHan and Ming ordered the construction of monasteries in the north of sanliyuroad outside Xiyong gate in Luoyang. In memory of the white horse carryingScripture, it was named "White Horse Temple". The word "Si" comes from the word"Si" in Honglu temple. Later, the word "Temple" became a general term forChinese temples.

When it comes to Baima temple, many visitors will associate it with thestory of "monk Tangs learning from scriptures". In fact, from the perspectiveof time, Baima temple was more than 560 years earlier than "Tang Monks learningscriptures".

The two stone horses in front of us are two excellent stone carvings of theSong Dynasty. Around 1935, master Seng Dehao, who presided over the restorationof Baima temple, moved them to the front of the mountain gate. As you can see,the gate is a memorial archway style hilltop built in the Ming Dynasty. In 1987,the top was renovated, and the three characters "White Horse Temple" on thewooden plaque was inscribed by Mr. Zhao Puchu, the former president of ChinaBuddhist Association. The three gates symbolize the "three gates of liberation"in Buddhism, which is called the gate of nirvana in Buddhism. The three dooropenings are all made of brick and bluestone. Some of them are engraved with thesurnames of craftsmen. From the font, this kind of stone should be a relic ofthe Eastern Han Dynasty, and it is the earliest cultural relic in Baimatemple.

On the west side of the gate of Baima temple, there is a huge half stonetablet, which is about 1.7 meters high and 1.4 meters wide. It is said that thistablet was written by Su Yi, a famous scholar and academician of the SongDynasty. Because its inscription is not written from top to bottom, but iswritten in several rows with short lines, so it is called "duanwen tablet",which is one of the six scenes of Baima temple.

On the east side of the mountain gate is the stele of the Yuan Dynasty,which is 3.5 meters high and 1.15 meters wide. This monument was erected in 1333A.D. and was written by Zhong huawencai, a famous monk of Huayan in the YuanDynasty. It contains the following words: "the man of shangmengjin, flying fromthe west to the west, was bright, and told his dream to his subordinates by ChiDan", "sent 18 people, including Cai Yin and Qin Jing, to visit Tianzhu in thewest, and met with samanga, moteng and zhufalan ”The inscriptions call BaimaTemple "Zuting" and "Shiyuan", and say "Shiyuan is in the middle of heaven, theplace of Guanyu Buddhism", which is in fact "the Enlightenment of Teng and LANmonks". Zhong Hua Wencai later went to Wutai Mountain, one of the "four famousmountains" of Buddhism, and became the first leader of Youguo temple. Thisinscription should have been written by him when he was in zhuoxi Baima temple.Regular script with inscriptions on steles is a rare art treasure ofcalligraphy. Therefore, the tablet did not leave the name of the person whowrote the tablet, so it became a pending case. But the font is "Zhao style".

In front of this East-West symmetrical building, on the east side is thenewly-built bell tower, in front of which are five "Mentou halls" built in theperiod of the Republic of China; on the west side is the newly-built Drum Tower,in front of which is the "Yunshui hall" built in the period of the Republic ofChina. "Mentou hall" and "Yunshui hall" have been set up as Buddhist lawlogistics office and tourism center.

To the east of the bell tower and to the west of the drum tower, close tothe walls on the East and west sides, are the tombs of two Indian monks. The twoeminent monks had been living in Baima temple for a long time to translate andpreach Buddhist scriptures, where they jointly translated the earliest ChineseBuddhist Scripture forty two chapters. They passed away in Baima temple oneafter another, and were buried in the temple. In front of the tombstone, thereis a tombstone erected in 1634, the seventh year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty."Tenglan tomb" is also one of the six scenes of Baima temple.

Now the main hall we see is called Tianwang hall, which is the first majorhall in Baima temple. This hall is named for the four heavenly kings. Facing himis Maitreya Tatu. He is smiling and amiable. He holds rosary beads in his righthand and cloth ribbon in his left. His image is vivid and interesting. He is asculpture of the Ming Dynasty. In the Buddhist temples of the Han nationality inChina, the first hall is usually dedicated to Maitreya. When people enter theBuddhist temple, they will first see this happy image, which will produce a kindfeeling to Buddhism.

The large niche above the Buddha statue is carved with more than 50 Dragonsof different shapes. The carving is exquisite, and it is the best wood carvingart of the Qing Dynasty.

On both sides of the hall, there are four heavenly kings, also known as the"four King Kong". They are: the eastern Heavenly King holding the Kingdom,holding the pipa; the southern Heavenly King holding the umbrella in his righthand, holding the demon in his left hand; the Western Heavenly King holding thedragon in one hand, holding the Pearl in the other; the northern Heavenly Kingholding the pagoda in his hand. According to a Chinese custom, one of the magictools they hold is different. They represent "wind", "tune", "rain" and "Shun"respectively. The four heavenly kings are a group of clay sculpture works ofQing Dynasty, which are burly and majestic.

This statue of Wei tuotian general standing in the north, known as the"Dharma God", is a clay sculpture of the Qing Dynasty. It is dressed as amilitary general and stands behind the statue of Maitreya. Facing SakyamuniBuddha, it is performing the task of maintaining the preaching ground andforbidding the invasion of evil spirits.

There are many pomegranate trees planted on the East and west sides of thetemple. People say that "may pomegranate is as red as fire", but in Baima Templeit is just the opposite, because the pomegranate here is white. Every April andmay of the lunar calendar, the trees are full of pomegranate flowers, crystalwhite, jade like snow, very good-looking, really "may pomegranate white assnow.".

The Great Buddha Hall is the second major Hall of Baima temple. On the eastside of the front of the Great Buddha Hall, there is a stele of "rebuildingBaima Temple" written by Huang Jin in 1556. The stone tablet is 3.8 meters highand 1.03 meters wide, which has important reference value for the study of thehistorical evolution of Baima temple.

The Great Buddha Hall is the main hall in the temple, where major Buddhistactivities are held. Todays Great Buddha Hall was rebuilt in the Ming Dynasty.Although it has been rebuilt by later generations, it still has thearchitectural style of the blind generation.

There are seven statues on the altar in the middle of the hall. The statueof Sakyamuni Buddha in the middle sits on the seat of Xumi, with a height of 2.4meters.

The statue here is said to be the image of his last sermon. In this sermon,he did not speak, which is called "speechless sermon". He only held a flower inhis right hand, which made people guess, that is, he "twisted the flower to showit to the public" at the nirvana meeting. The symbol on the chest of the GreatBuddha means that the Buddha has "boundless blessing" and "perfect harmony ofall virtues". Therefore, the body has auspicious appearance, which means "theplace of auspiciousness". Wu Zetian defined the pronunciation of this symbol as"ten thousand".

On the left side of Sakyamuni is mahakaya, the eldest disciple. In this"speechless saying", only he understood the real intention of the Buddha, so hebroke his face and smile. Later, he was promoted as one of the top ten disciplesof Sakyamuni. Chinese Zen worshipped him as the first generation patriarch ofIndian inheritance.

The standing statue on the right is Ananda, the eldest disciple. He iswell-known and has a strong memory. He is known as "the first of many stories".Chinese Zen Buddhism also promoted him as the second generation of patriarch whoinherited Buddhism in India.

On the left side of JIAYE is Manjusri Bodhisattva, on the right side isPrajna Sutra, which is known for its profound knowledge and wisdom; on the rightside of Ananda is Puxian Bodhisattva, who holds Ruyi hook, whose virtue isperfect and whose merits and demerits are boundless, which is known as"Xingyuan".

Sakyamuni Buddha, Manjusri and Puxian Bodhisattva are collectively known asthe "three sages of Sakyamuni". These are three clay sculptures of the MingDynasty. East and west stand by two statues to support heaven and man. They holdflowers in their hands and have a delicate posture. They are also called "Sanhuatiannv". When the Great Buddha preached the sermon, he offered support to heavenand man, and scattered flowers one after another in the high sky.

Hanging in the southeast corner of the Great Buddha Hall is a Ming Dynastybell, which was cast by eunuch Huang Jin and weighs 2500 Jin. It is said thatthere used to be a big bell in the White Horse Temple. When the moon is whiteand the wind is clear and the people are still, the monks knock on it. The bellrings all over the place, lasting for decades. Whats more, as soon as the bigbell rings, the big bell on the clock tower of the old city of Luoyang, 25 milesaway, will also ring. As soon as the big bell on the clock tower of the old cityrings, the big bell of Baima temple will ring. This is "the bell of HorseTemple". It is one of the eight sceneries of Luoyang, also known as "midnightbell". It is one of the six sceneries of Baima temple.

The southwest corner of the hall is Dafa drum. The bells and drums here areall the musical instruments that monks beat when they are engaged in Buddhistactivities.

In the rear of the Great Buddha Hall, this sitting statue facing the northis called Guanyin Bodhisattva. Because of its back to the Great Buddha, it isalso known as "sitting upside down Guanyin".

Now what we see is the third main hall - Daxiong hall. Daxiong hall,originally rebuilt in Yuan Dynasty, was rebuilt in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Inthe east wall outside the hall, there is a stone engraved with the supernaturalrecords of the Han Dynasty by Mo Teng, which was re established in the SongDynasty. Bi Wu said that it "has a unique typeface like the preface to the holyreligion, and the calligraphy of the Northern Song Dynasty still has the styleof Jin and Tang Dynasties, which is good and lovely." At this moment, the stonerecords the origin of the construction of Qiyun tower by Emperor Han andMing.

In the hall, on the ceiling. In the center of the hall, this hugedouble-layer niche with wood carvings and gold stickers is exquisitely carvedand resplendent. In the middle of the upper niche, there is a roc golden wingedbird, which kisses the human body. On both sides of the bird, there are threedragons in relief. According to Buddhist legend, the Dapeng golden winged birdlikes to eat dragons most. The dragon has no choice but to "complain" to theTathagata Buddha. The Tathagata Buddha draws a bunch of silk from his cassockand covers a dragon with a piece of silk. From then on, the dragon was protectedby the Tathagata Buddha and no longer worried about the harm of Mirs. TheTathagata Buddha also uses the supernatural power to make the offering changeinfinitely. By substituting the offering for the dragon, it meets therequirements of Dapeng golden winged bird and solves the contradiction betweenthe two sides. Both the dragon and the bird are happy. The design on the nicheprobably originated from this Buddhist legend.

The three main Buddhas in the niches are sitting on the lotus throne withknees on both sides. In the middle of the niches is Sakyamuni, who is honored as"Mahatma", that is to say, he is as powerful as a great warrior. As high as 2.25meters, the whole image gives people a sense of infinite solemnity, holiness andtranquility. On the left side of Sakyamuni is the pharmacist Buddha of the "pureglass world" in the East, and on the right side is Amitabha Buddha of the"paradise" in the West. The three Buddhas have the same shape and style.

Before the three main Buddhas, Wei Tuo and Wei Li were standing oppositeeach other.

There are eighteen Arhats on both sides of the hall. This group of eighteenArhats are sitting statues with different shapes. The height is between1.55-1.61 meters. On the west side, there is a arhat, wearing a corolla and askirt, which is a dignified and elegant female image, while the other 17 statueshave their top cut. Some visitors call them the eighteen Arhats.

The three main Buddhas, the two heavenly generals and the eighteen Arhatsin the main hall are all statues of the Yuan Dynasty. There are 24 MaitreyaBuddhas in the temple of heavenly kings. They were transferred from the GreatBuddha Hall of cining palace in 1973. They are rare cultural relics in China.Among them, the eighteen Arhats are the only remaining set in China and are thetreasure of Baima temple.

There are 5056 mural Buddhas on the East and West gables.

Wei Litian, standing at the back of the hall, is the only remaining claysculpture of the Yuan Dynasty in the temple.

The reception hall is the fourth major hall in the temple. According toBuddhism, Buddhists can be welcomed and guided to the western "paradise" byAmitabha Buddha when they have achieved certain achievements in their practice.In the center, the Buddha is Amitabha, with his right hand extending forward anddownward to make a leading shape, and his left hand pointing to the western"paradise". On the right is Guanyin Bodhisattva, and on the left is dashizhiBodhisattva, collectively known as the "three saints of the west", all of whichare clay sculptures of the Qing Dynasty. The reception hall was destroyed byfire in Tongzhi period of Qing Dynasty and rebuilt in Guangxu period. It is thelatest and the smallest one built in Baima temple.

Now, please come with me to the qingliangtai. It is said that theqingliangtai used to be a summer resort and a reading place for Liu Zhuang,emperor of the Han and Ming Dynasties, when he was a child. Later, two Indianmonks lived here and translated scriptures to preach. The first Chinese Buddhistsutra, forty two chapters Sutra, was translated from this place. Since theEastern Han Dynasty, it has always been a place for collecting scriptures. Thename of qingliangtai originates from monk qingruxiu, and is known as the firstof the six scenic spots in Baima temple. Such as Xiu Neng, Wen Neng, poetry,calligraphy and painting are good. He named the six important monuments in Baimatemple as the six sceneries of Baima temple, which are Qingliang terrace,burning Sutra terrace, Qiyun terrace, midnight bell, Tenglan tomb and duanwenstele.

The whole stage, with Pilu Pavilion as the center, is surrounded by theaccessory hall, monks room and veranda, forming a closed courtyard. PiluPavilion is the last main hall in the temple. It was rebuilt in the MingDynasty, with double eaves resting on the top of the mountain. In the middle ofthe Buddhist altar in the temple, the main statue is Maha piluzana Buddha, orPilu Buddha for short, which means "Da RI Buddha", symbolizing the light andboundless Buddhism. Pilufa, an important sect in Buddhism, is the highestworshipped by Tantrism (also known as zhenyanzong)

Hello everyone, welcome to here, let me introduce to you!

Located in Jixian City, dule temple is one of the first batch of keycultural relics protection units in China, and is a famous ancient temple with ahistory of thousands of years. Dule temple was built in the 10th year ofZhenguan reign of Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty (636 AD), and rebuilt in the2nd year of Tonghe reign of Liao Dynasty (984 AD). During the reign of Wanli,Shunzhi, Qianlong and Guangxu in the Ming Dynasty, Zhaobi was built in the 18thyear of Qianlong (1753 A.D.), the double eaves of Guanyin Pavilion were added,and four eaves pillars were set up at the top and bottom, and the eastern palaceof the temple was built. Dule temple covers a total area of 16000 square meters.The gate is three rooms wide and four rooms deep. There are two floors up anddown, with a flat and dark floor in the middle. The height is 23 meters. It isthe oldest high-rise wooden pavilion building in China.

The temple gate and Guanyin Pavilion were built in Liao Dynasty, and otherswere built in Ming and Qing Dynasty. The layout and structure are quitepeculiar. The architecture of the whole temple is divided into three parts: theEast, the middle and the West; the East and the West are respectively the monkshouse and the palace; the middle part is the main building of the temple, whichis composed of Baishan gate, Guanyin Pavilion, East and west auxiliary hall,etc. between the mountain gate and the main hall, the corridor is connected. Allthese reflect the characteristics of the architectural layout of Buddhisttemples in Tang and Liao dynasties.

Dule temple palace, built in 1753, is also known as Qianlong palace. It isthe place where the emperors of Qing Dynasty took a rest on their way to visitDongling mausoleum. It is also the only palace in Tianjin. There is one floor ofthe main hall and three subsidiary buildings in the palace. Now there are 14cloisters and one vertical flower gate, making the palace an independentcourtyard. All the emperors after Qianlong came to the palace of dule temple andleft a lot of poems praising the temple. The newly added exhibition in thepalace included 12 impromptu works of the Qing emperor and 17 portraits ofempresses and concubines related to the palace.

It is said that the dule temple was built by an eminent saint of Luban, soJizhou built a temple to commemorate this founder. Luban temple is located 300meters northeast of dule temple, which is the only one in China. Dule temple hasexperienced thousands of years of wind and rain erosion, war disaster, and morethan 30 earthquakes. It is a miracle in the history of Chinese architecture.

Temple Fair: in recent years, dule temple has resumed its traditionaltemple fair in the first month of each year, including Guanyin blessing, folkflower show, acrobatic performance, opera performance, local snacks, localspecialty exhibition, etc., becoming a characteristic brand of winter culturaltourism activities in Jixian County.

Dharma Association: every year, on the first day of the first month (thebirthday of Maitreya), the 19th of February (the birthday of Guanyin), the 8thof April (the birthday of the Buddha), the 19th of June (the day of Guanyinbecoming a monk), the 19th of September (the day of Guanyin becoming a monk) andthe 8th of December (the day of the Buddha becoming a Taoist), a large-scalecommemorative Dharma association is held in dule temple, and believers from allwalks of life gather here.

Hello, everyone. Welcome to our travel agency. My name is Zhang Chengxuan.Please call me Zhang Daohao. We are about to arrive at our destination. Let meintroduce our terminal, Longmen Grottoes. Longmen Grottoes, located in LuoyangCity, Henan Province, is a milestone of grotto art in China. There are two hugeGrottoes: Dongshan grottoes and Xishan grottoes.

The most spectacular one is Xishan grottoes Here we are. Tourists, pleasefollow me. Dont lose me. Look, thats Xishan grottoes. Its very beautiful.Lets go this way first. Its called Qianxi temple. Why is it called thisstrange name? Qianxi temple is named for its continuous stream of water. Themain Buddha in this one is Bodhisattva, with two disciples, two Bodhisattvas,two heavenly kings and so on. Lets go further Now, our place is called Binyangcave, also known as Binyang three caves, which are North cave and middle cave.South hole, three holes.

Next, we went to Fengxian Temple, the most famous place in LongmenGrottoes. Lushenafo is the most famous. He is more than ten feet tall. He isreally the best.

Finally, I would like to remind you not to damage cultural relics. Litter,goodbye!

各位旅客，大家好!我是天津大亚旅行社的导游黄添滋，大家就叫我黄导好了。今天我们要游览的是丽江古城，它以前叫做大研镇。它位于云南省玉龙雪山脚下。前面即将看到的就是丽江古城，它是我国历史文化名城之一。现已被列为《世界历史遗产名录》。丽江古城历史悠久，古朴自然，有水乡之容，山城之貌。

现在我们漫步在丽江古城有名的四方街上。大家知道吗?这条古街雨季不泥泞，旱季不飞灰。看这石头上的花纹庄重雅致，与整个城市的环境非常符合。它是丽江古城的代表，位于古城的核心位置。也是缜西北地区的商业中心。四方街是一个大约一百平方米的梯形小广场，大家看脚下，我们踩在五花石铺的地上，这条街四通八达，一会儿自由活动的时候，我们可以细细游赏。

大家随着我往前走，这就是位于玉河水系上的古桥，因为从桥下中河水可看到玉龙雪山的倒影，又叫映雪桥。桥长10余米，宽近4米。桥面也是用五花石铺成的。

我们下一站将要来到的是木府。现在看到的是木府，它是1998年重新建的。重建时在付内多添了一个古城博物院。它共占地面积是46亩，坐西向东，木府里大大小小共162间。有人游览后曾评价说，“木府是凝固的丽江古乐，是当代的创世史诗’’。

走出了木府，放眼看到的是福国寺五凤楼，它是云南省重点文物保护单位。它呈亚字形，楼台三叠，屋担八角，具有汉、藏、纳西民族的建筑艺术风格，是中国古代建筑中稀世珍宝和典型范例。

游客们，今天的旅程即将结束，请多提宝贵意见。现在我们自由活动。大家活动时一定要注意安全，我们晚上6点钟在车上见面。请记好车牌号：5243.祝大家玩的愉快!

Jimei is a suburb of Xiamen City connected to xiamen Island by a 2,212-metre long granite causeway. Jimei is also the residence of Mr. Tan Kah-kee, a famous overseas Chinese philanthropist. Encircled by the sea on three sides, the town is known for its magnificent buildings combining western and oriental styles and picture-postcard sceneries. As a tourist site, Jimei has the following attractions to offer: Jimei School Village, Aoyuan (Turtle Garden), Returnees Hall, Xiamen Bridge and Wanbao Hill Sightseeing Farms. Jimei School Village

Jimei School Village is a general name for all schools and cultural institutions here. It was built by Mr.Tan Kah-kee in 1913. After decades of development, the village now covers a floor space area of over 100,000 square kilometers and there are more than 10,000 students in it. The higher learning institutions are Xiamen Aquatic Products College, Jimei Navigation College, and Jimei Finance and Economy Institute and Business Administration College, etc. There are also secondary specialized schools, middle schools, primary schools, kindergartens and nurseries schools in the village. In addition to the schools metioned above, one may find here auditoriums, swimming pools, stadiums, cinemas, hospitals and navigation clubs. They are rare through out the country for their large scales and good facilitation.

Jimei School Village, blending the Chinese architectural style with western one, has become a symbol of Jimei. Among the buildings of unique style are Daonan Lou in Jimen Middle School, Nanxun Lou in Overseas Chinese School and the Teaching Building of Navigation College. In front of the Daonan Lou is the Drangon Boat Pond, 800 meters long and 300 meters wide. Around it are seven pavilions of different styles, with curved eaves and carved pillars. They are called "Seven Stars Falling onto the Ground". In the middle of the pond stand two pavilions designed by Mr.Tan Kah-kee, which are named "Lonely Star Accompanying the moon". Every year, during the Dragon Boat Festival, the dragon boat racing is held in the pond with shining ripples and melodious Nanqu (south Fujian Opera) accompanied by drumbeats. Several international dragon boat racings have been held here and attracted groups of tourists at home and abroad.