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丽(Lí)水是浙江省辖地级市，位于该省西南部、南邻福建，古称处州，始名于589年(隋文帝开皇九年)，是浙西南的政治、经济、文化中心。全市总面积17298平方公里，常住人口211.70万，是浙江省面积最大而人口最稀少的地区。下辖莲都区及景宁畲族自治县、缙云、青田、遂昌、云和、庆元、松阳七县，代管县级龙泉市。

道道通丽水市浙江省丽水市拥有仙都风景名胜区、青田石门洞、中国畲乡之窗、丽水南明山、东西岩、云中大?景区等国家级、省级风景区多处;龙泉凤阳山，庆元百山祖等国家级、省级自然保护区3处;仙宫湖等多处景区。

浙江丽水地图清纯山水、风雅古朴的丽水，集“奇、峻、清、幽”于一地，汇“峰、林、洞、瀑”于一域。丽水森林覆盖率80.4%，中国森林覆盖率市位居第二，被誉为“浙南林海”。丽水市山清水秀、古迹众多，拥有国家级、省级风景区多处，自然风光美不胜收，人文景观如群星璀璨，交相辉映，是生态旅游休闲度假胜地。丽水是全国最大的畲族聚居地，景宁畲族自治县是全国唯一的畲族自治县，人们可以在这里领略到畲族的传统文化和多彩的服饰、饮食、婚嫁、宗教等习俗风情。

丽水市是浙西南的交通枢纽。金温铁路已经开通运行，金丽温高速公路横贯丽水，是我国同江至三亚、上海至瑞丽两条国道主干线在浙江中部的重要连接线，330国道横贯境内，丽浦等11条省道干线组成骨架，已形成高级和次高级公路为主干的公路运输网络。丽龙龙丽高速公路(两龙高速)已于2020__年底全线开通，台缙(台州——缙云)高速也于20__年底建成开通。丽水的交通状况得到显著改善。丽水拥有两座500吨泊位的温溪港，货轮可直达全国各大港口和香港、澳门。

大约四千多年前，在现在的重庆、湖北、四川境内曾经生活着一个远古族系，他们被人们称做巴人。古代巴人在长江流域创造了可与中原文化相媲美的古老文明。然而，在两千多年前，这个古老的民族却突然神秘地消失了，伴随着文献资料和种种神话传说，巴人文化像一团云蒸雾霭的谜，留给后人无尽的想像空间。

随着三峡工程的正式启动，库区水位将达到135米，这意味着长江流域100多处古代巴人的遗址和墓地有可能被永久地埋藏。为了抢救发掘巴人遗迹，600多名考古专家聚集在这里，大规模的发掘工作是否能够解开巴人的千古之谜呢!

白虎

在中国古代的星宿学中，西方白虎七宿中的白虎星直接主宰着人间的兵戈和战争，是充满杀伐之气的战神。商周之际的灭纣兴周战争中，有一支勇猛善战的军队深得周武王赞誉，他们被称为虎贲和虎士，这是早期的巴人武士。虎后来也成为汉文化中的重要内容。

《后汉书》成书的时间较晚，当中有关巴人图腾、起源及巴人第一个君主廪君的记载虽含有很浓的神话成份，却仍被诸多史学家当做破解巴人之谜的重要依据。书中载道："廪君死，魂魄为白虎，巴氏以虎饮人血，遂以人祠焉".我们很难否认其真实性，巴人崇虎以白虎为图腾和祖先，已被近来的考古发现所证实。

更重要的发现在1998年的三峡地区考古中出现，书中记载的以人祭虎的情形成为考古人员眼中的真实图景。在一座巴式墓中，巴人武士的遗骸旁，除了随葬的青铜兵器外，脚底骇然放着两颗人头骨，很显然这属于人祭的牺牲者。另一个墓穴中的死者首身异处，作为祭品，他的身体曾被刀斧切割成数段。这些偶然与必然在几千年后被神秘的连在一起，许多疑团的破解和解释，也因此而有了可能。这就是现代考古学的力量。

关于巴人先皇廪君的死因，书中并无细考结论。抛去神话的成份，我们可能窥见远古的真实故事。《后汉书》中的禀君时代，巴人已经拥有相当的渔猎经济、部落间的军事冲突与征服已十分普遍。书中记载的禀君部族杀人血祭，已透露出禀君死亡的蛛丝马迹，作为开疆拓土并得到血祭的军盟首领，他只能是死于征战，这是历史真实中的禀君，作为一个英雄，他被后来的巴族尊为他们永远的神祗——白虎。

在古代巴人的精神世界中，白虎与祖先有着同样的含义，亲人死后就成了祖先，而祖先就是白虎、虎吃人血。所以在漫长的时光中，人祭的习俗便一直传了下来。

清江，古称夷水，发源于湖北恩施县境内，上源与诸多著名的河流相交，流经利川、巴东、姊归、建始等地。峡谷纵横、神秘莫测。它所流经的地域都是历史上的巴文化区域，今天仍聚居着巴人后裔土家人。如果我们把这片神秘之地比作一个封冻的历史空间，似乎再恰当不过，巴文化的一些原生态图景，竟如同活化石般的存留下来。土家人在今天祭祀死去的亲人时，跳丧者仍仿照老虎的跳跃、摆尾、洗脸动作，而口中的歌词也是关于虎的内容。土家吊脚楼门前的装饰图案中，虎就有几种形象。以人祭虎的习俗据说在上个世纪三十年代仍有发生，今天的巴人后裔只是象征性的在额头上划出血口子，以祭白虎。

湖北长阳县境内的清江段，世居江岸的土家人仍时常在船中举行祭拜活动。他们的神祗就是咫尺之遥的巴人祖山武落钟离山。这些活动今天更多的带有浓重的象征色彩，而不再具有巴族先民中那种沉重的巫韵氛围。历史是一种深刻的记忆方式，许多古代民族的宗教观众、信仰、习俗具有超乎于想象的生命力，这正如他们种族繁衍的生命力一样。

《世本》成书于秦汉之际，司马迁著《史记》多以此作为母本。《世本》这样记载：武落钟离山上有赤黑二穴、廪君诞生于赤穴。部族有五姓，廪君凭着掷剑准确和赛舟领先的优势，成为五姓的首领。我们在山上找到了传说中廪君诞生的赤穴和后人为他而立的寺庙，站在武落钟离山上，眺望一片苍茫的清江口，令人想到苍茫的历史。

各位游客，大家好。我是你们的导游_X，今天将由我带领大家参观游览栖霞山。

“金陵名蓝三，牛首以山名，弘济以水名，兼山水之胜者，莫如栖霞”。栖霞山古称摄山，因山中盛产中草药，可以滋养摄生，故名。栖霞山位于南京东北郊十八公里处，山有三峰，中峰最高，名三茅宫，又称凤翔峰，最高峰等，海拔286米;东峰绵延向东形似卧龙，名龙山;西峰突兀江边，状如伏虎，名虎山。栖霞山外形似伞，因此古时又称为伞山。至于“栖霞”名之由来，至少有两种说法：一是山以寺名，二是因山中漫山红叶，每当深秋时，犹如晚霞栖落，蔚蔚壮观。现栖霞山为我国五大红叶观赏风景区之一。

古人云，“会游游栖霞，不会游游天下”。可见栖霞山独具魅力，首先栖霞山兼山水之胜，被乾隆皇帝誉为“第一金陵明秀山”，且自古以来就是战略要地。其次，栖霞山以其深厚的文化内涵，被专家称为浓缩了半部金陵文化史，是南京六朝文化的重要代表和见证地。第三，栖霞山(古称摄山)，自古以来以盛产中草药而闻名于世，在我国中草药资源宝库中独树一帜，葛玄、葛洪、李时珍等名人曾多次来栖霞山。第四，对于国内外地质、地理工作者而言，栖霞山富有地质之胜，栖霞山是我国东半部地质情况中南方类型的“模特儿”，现在国际地质学界还把一些地层名字冠以“栖霞”二字，此外，栖霞山还盛产金、银、锰、锌等矿产。第五，就自然景观而言，独特的山峦奇石，二涧四泉，加之春桃花、秋红叶，确实为一引人入胜的风景名胜地。

乾隆皇帝与栖霞山

乾隆皇帝六次南巡，除了第一次外，后五次他都来过栖霞山，并在栖霞山行宫前后驻跸四十五天，描写栖霞山各名胜的诗有120首，匾联44副，佛赞一篇，对其偏爱的栖霞十景，行宫、彩虹明镜、紫峰阁、玲峰池、万松山房、珍珠泉、德云庵、叠浪岩、幽居庵、天开岩，不仅写出许多赞美的诗联，而且并画下这个十景当时的盛况。乾隆皇帝第一次来栖霞山就写下了赞誉栖霞山美景的诗《游栖霞山》，“第一金陵明秀山，所欣初遇足空前，画屏云庵紫峰阁，乳窦春淙白鹿泉，梵业镌碑尚隋代，净因舍宅自齐贤，更谁凿壁名纱帽，只恐平原意未然”。

哼哈殿

哼哈殿位于景区主入口，于20_年9月15日建成。一般寺庙都设有三个门，亦称“山门”，象征解脱人生、痛苦的入口。殿内两侧通常供奉两尊金刚神像，威武骠悍、露牙睁目，就是“哼哈二将”。他们的俗名一个叫郑伦，一个叫陈奇。郑伦是商纣王的督粮大将，他只要用鼻子一哼，便能使人魂飞魄散，因得名“哼将”;陈奇原也是商朝的督粮官，他张嘴一哈，黄气喷出，嗅者当场丧命，二人一个哼鼻，一个哈气，各显神威，故称哼哈二将。

他们是“封神演义”里的人物，后因得到了佛教的认可，也顺应了世俗百姓的习惯与爱好，所以就成为佛教中的守门神了。

“彩虹明镜”与月牙池

过了哼哈殿可见一个小巧的明镜湖，真象是透明的玻璃镶嵌在绿色的地毯上，当湖水盈盈之时，可见寺门及两侧岗丘前的古枫绿树倒映水中，涟猗骤起，波光浮动，山林古寺就象映在银幕上，景色比岸上更胜三分，即所谓“彩虹明镜”为栖霞之一景也。

鼓 楼

明镜湖向前数步，可见钟鼓楼，栖霞鼓楼沿古寺主建筑中轴线与钟楼完全对称，而建筑结构、尺寸、材料、色调、外形与钟楼保持一致，形成南有千禧钟，北有太平鼓之完臻格局，钟楼之声更添古刹之庄严，实乃太平盛世之殊胜因缘也。大鼓腰直径二点五米，鼓面直径二点一米，厚一点八米，重约四百公斤。

钟楼

栖霞山钟楼建于1999年12月，“钟楼”二字出自于著名书法家林散之之手，楼下供地藏王菩萨，佛教中认为他是地狱中的神，钟声响起时能解脱罪恶的灵魂，楼上的千禧大钟总重量为9.6吨，每年新年来临人们在此举行敲钟活动以祈祷来年平安幸福。

寂然法师像

在钟楼后方竖有一寂然法师像，寂然法师弱冠之年出家于寿圣寺，一九二一年来栖霞奉事剃度师振禅和尚，法师悉心照料体事入微,若舜和尚深为感动，遂请法师担任监院。

一九三七年，南京沦陷，日军烧杀奸淫，暴行肆虐，寂然法师留守栖霞，得大本、志开二位法师建议与协助，以大慈悲之心，于寺中设佛教难民收容所达四月之久，救护难民二万三千余人，并掩护抗战将领安全脱险。为赈济难民，又设法四处告贷募化。一九三九年秋终因积劳成疾，心力交瘁，壮年早逝。

法师一生，爱国护教、济世救民，实为佛门楷模。

白莲池

钟鼓楼向前数步为白莲池，呈半月形，故名月牙池，供游人或佛门信徒放生之用，俗名放生池，沿池的汉白玉栏杆，雕刻水禽花卉，颇有艺术情味。关于放生池的由来，尚有典故可寻，这里从颜真卿说起，南北朝时佛教在中国进入盛期，梁武帝萧衍是历史上显赫一时的佛门天子，是一个以佛化治国的皇帝，在位时极为倡导佛教，主张天下僧民皆吃素食，但他借皇帝权威，自作“断酒肉文”，强令各地寺院执行，从此形成了中国佛教素食的制度。放生池的设置亦在此时。素食与放生是一脉相通的。

二亿年前的碑材——明征君碑

栖霞寺山门广场左侧即是栖霞一宝明征君碑，明征君碑是唐代高宗皇帝李治在上元三年4月25日(公元676年)为纪念明征君(明僧绍)将自己的宅第捐献给佛门，创建栖霞寺而立，至今有1300多年，现已被列为全国重点文物保护单位。碑文为唐高宗(李治)所撰，出自唐初著名书法家高正臣手笔，笔法俊逸清秀，刚柔有致，可见当时风格特点，碑面除碑额篆书“明征君碑”四字外(四字为王知敬手书)均为行书，共二千三百七十六字，现尚存二千三百六十三字，仅缺十三字，字迹清晰可辨、碑阴有“栖霞”两个大字，据传为高宗亲笔。其字体历来有两种说法，其一，笔力遒劲，雄浑;其二，字体并无遒劲，潇洒之感，倒有柔弱疲软之貌，如果说字如其人，那它不正是李治自身的写照么!要不然他的政权怎么会落到武则天的手中去呢?此碑也是南京地区保存得最完美的唐代碑刻，在全国现存唐碑中，是极罕见的珍品。

栖霞寺历代僧人都称碑材为“梅花石”。现此碑经古生物专家考证，属于沉积岩类的“海百合茎石灰岩”，朵朵梅花是海百合茎等动物化石，全碑正面约有海百合动物化石2万2千多个，距今已有2亿零5百多万年。具有这么多可见的动物化石制成碑的如此大块的标本，在全国甚至全世界也是罕见的，因此，栖霞山的明征君碑不仅是文物古迹之珍品，而且也是地质界收藏的化石标本之珍品。

六朝古刹—栖霞寺

栖霞寺座落于栖霞山中峰西麓，龙山、虎山相抱，前有南象山、北象山，南齐永明七年(公元489年)，由隐居于此的高士明僧绍(字征君)，舍宅为寺，始称栖霞精舍，由高僧法度居之，即栖霞寺之始创，为“南朝四百八十寺”之一。唐高祖时规模宏大，与湖北玉泉、山东灵岩、浙江国清并称为我国“四大丛林”。

栖霞寺寺内建筑

步入山门过草坪登石阶，一派褚红的高墙迎面壁立，中间大门的额墙上书“栖霞古寺”，两侧门额上各书“六朝胜迹”和“千佛名蓝”八个字，黄金的字面被深兰色的底衬托出来，格外庄重耀眼，从此便把你引进这座已有1500多年历史的古刹了。走进山门即弥勒殿，迎面坐着一尊弥勒佛像，袒胸露腹，纵情大笑，令人想起平常在此佛龛两侧写着的一副楹联“大肚能容，容天下难容之事;慈颜常笑，笑世间可笑之人”妙语警游人，使人大增游兴，弥勒像后站立着威武的韦陀天将，据说他是全寺的保卫者，两侧为天王殿。

穿过弥勒殿是一方形宽敞的天井，两厢为客堂、斋堂及补助堂，向正中步上台阶，即宏伟的毗卢宝殿，金碧辉煌，佛象庄严，神台上端座毗卢遮那佛，象高近五米，连须弥座在内高达8.6米，通身贴金，庄严端重，其两侧侍立着梵天、帝释两菩萨，两边站立听经的二十诸天也是点金着彩，光泽耀眼，显示出一派肃穆的佛国景象。殿后塑立着南海观世音，她站在鳌头上，其左右为善财和龙女像，足下海涛澎湃，头上彩云飞舞，她的背后是众多的大小菩萨，此为观音三十二应化身。观音殿内再现瀛洲三山仙岛。值得注意的是大殿后侧原来供文殊，普贤座像处是两座金光灿烂精工细雕的大型佛龛，到处是神龙飞舞的画面，一般民间寺庙是不曾见过如此豪华的建造，这是后从中南海运来的皇家之物。

对门即方丈室，门额上书“方丈”两字，这两块匾额出自近代著名书法家萧娴的手书，大门两侧一副篆书楹联“狮子窟中无异兽，象王行处绝狐踪”意思是指文殊，普贤两菩萨普救众生的事迹。方丈中门进入藏经楼，藏经楼是全寺的最高处，藏经楼的正中佛龛的供奉着一座释迦牟尼玉佛。由汉白玉雕琢而成，其形象与国内常见者颇异，这是缅甸僧人早年赠送的，室内两侧放置着整齐的木柜，即七十二函匣为藏经之处，有佛教的经、律、论书籍，其中最名贵的是贝叶经，采用多罗树叶烙印着梵文，但很少有人认识他。

栖霞山标志性建筑——舍利塔

栖霞寺东南方方门之外，千佛岩前广场之上耸立着一座石塔，这就是有着一个千年历史的舍利塔，所谓舍利是梵语，意思是和尚修行成佛(死)后，其身体在火化时化为结晶，即成“舍利”。栖霞寺舍利塔相传初建于隋文帝时，据说隋文帝杨坚在当上皇帝之前曾遇见一异尼，其预言杨坚日后必然显贵，位尊_，佛教也将重兴，并赠予舍利一袋。杨坚即位后，深信是佛保佑了自己，于是大力兴佛，仁寿元年(620_年)甚至下令各地建造塔，而栖霞山的舍利塔就是其中的一座，为南京市内四座宝塔中最负盛名的一座。

现存舍利塔始建于隋文帝仁寿元年(601)，重建于南唐(公元937~975年)，根据塔身为五层密檐形式，塔平面呈八角形，下有塔基和须弥座，以为是五层宝塔，但也有人加上塔座和塔基一共为七层(七级)。塔周围栏杆皆由白石建成，仿木结构，塔基两层，在第一级有释迦牟尼八相图的浮雕构成八幅连环画，每幅图画的构思都富有想象力、人物情态，刻画逼真，虽是雕刻，却表达了雕刻与绘画艺术的密切联系。舍利塔对于研究佛教建筑史、佛教史和石雕艺术都是极好的实物。被列为全国重点文物保护单位。

连绵千佛岩

紧邻舍利塔旁即千佛岩，又名千佛岭，雕凿始于大佛阁，据说栖霞精舍的开创者明僧绍曾与友人法度研习无量寿经。某日夜半，摄山西岩石壁上突然放光，光环中辉映显出无量寿佛和佛阁宝殿的景象，明绍僧等人即试图在此石壁上凿石为像，却未能实施，明僧绍逝世后，其子仲璋变卖家产和法度一起在西岩雕凿佛像，这时正值齐武帝永明年间，他们一共雕凿成三尊巨型佛像，即无量殿或称大佛洞，又是三圣殿，是所有洞龛中之最大者。殿内正中是无量寿佛象，两侧为观音，势至两菩萨，栖霞山千佛崖石窟是南京地区现存的唯一六朝佛教石窟遗迹，20_年被列为全国重点文物保护单位。

栖霞寺的千佛岩石窟造像，仅较大同云岗推迟31年，即开创于齐武帝永明二年(公元484年)而我国另一处重要的石窟造像即河南的洛阳龙门，比之栖霞山千佛岩要迟20_年。

整个千佛岩大小佛龛总共为三百四十九个，包括所有的大小造像共为五百一十五尊，凿像或五六尊为一龛，或七、八尊为一龛，遥望之如鸽房峰舍，故有千佛岩之称。这些佛像艺术品长时间的暴露于天下，极易剥落风化，所以经历了千百年以后已经凋敝不堪，尤其是头部五官手指等纤细的部分最易破坏，无法观看眉宇间的神气，甚至有不少头部和手臂都断缺了。

在诸多的佛龛中，还有一个独特的并且长期为人称道的石匠殿，石匠殿位于无量殿左侧角落中，龛洞高仅2米龛中雕凿的不是佛像，而是一解衣持锤的石匠，关于石匠殿有种.种推测和传说，较为普遍的说是一位石匠真身所变，据说这位能工巧匠是在造千佛岩石窟石佛时，迫于期限将至连夜开工，直至最后一夜天将破晓却还剩最后一座佛像来不及雕凿，石匠情急生智，跳入佛龛化身为石，立地成佛，留存至今。

Yangjiang City, located in the southwest coast of Guangdong Province, is aprefecture level city approved by the State Council in February 1988. It governsYangchun City, Yangdong County, Yangxi county and Jiangcheng district. It isadjacent to Jiangmen City in the East, Maoming City in the west, Yunfu City inthe north and Nanhai City in the south. The urban area is 219 km away fromGuangzhou, 220 km away from Zhanjiang and 165 km away from Hong Kong. NationalHighway 325 (Guang Zhan highway) and Guang Mao railway run through the city,covering an area of 7813 square kilometers, with a population of more than 2.4million.

The total land area of Yangjiang is 7813.4 square kilometers, of which26.03% is hilly area, 42.73% is mountainous area and 22.17% is plain area. Thepopulation is 2.56 million. It borders Enping and Taishan in Jiangmen City inthe East, Luoding and Xinxing in Yunfu City and Xinyi in Maoming City in thenorth, Gaozhou and Dianbai in Maoming City in the west, and Nanhai in the south.The coastline is 341.5 km long, with 30 major islands and 49.3 km long. Theterrain inclines from north to south, close to the mountain and the sea, withTianlu mountain in the northeast and Yunwu Mountain in the northwest. Thehighest mountain in the territory is e Huang Zhang in Wangfu mountain range,with an altitude of 1337 meters. The longest river is Moyang River, with a totallength of 199 km, running through the whole city from north to South and flowinginto the South China Sea from north to south.

Yangjiang City is a famous coastal tourist city in Guangdong Province. Itis rich in tourism resources, including coastal beaches, peak forests, karstcaves, hot springs, waterfalls, lakes and mountains, and splendid culturallandscape. Among them, Hailing Island and yangchunwan lingxiaoyan are provincialtourist resorts, and dajiaowan of Hailing Island was rated as 4A nationaltourist area in 20__. In order to continuously open up new ways of tourism,Yangjiang Tourism Bureau has designed and created a new tourism image of"Haitian emotional Yangjiang Tour". Yangjiang tourism highlights four tourismlandscapes with local characteristics. The first is the "sea view", with HailingIsland as the center, highlighting its coastal scenery; the second is the "skyview", represented by Chunwan zaolingxiaoyan, the stalactites, undergroundrivers and lights in the cave constitute the ethereal, illusory and magical skylandscape; the third is the "dynamic view", showing Yangjiang kites flutteringlike colorful clouds in the clear sky; The fourth is the "Scene", that is, thepicturesque Moyangjiang River with green mountains on both sides of the river,nurturing Yangjiangs children. In addition, Yangjiang has opened up two specialtourism lines: one is the "quintessence of a thousand years" - Dongshuipapermaking landscape, which reproduces Cai Luns papermaking technique in theEastern Han Dynasty; the other is oyster raising by hanging piles on Chengcunbeach, where oysters can be picked on site.

At present, the city has opened up five tourist routes and two specialtourist routes: one is the "quintessence of a thousand years" - Dongshuipapermaking landscape, which reproduces Cai Luns papermaking technique in theEastern Han Dynasty; the other is oyster raising by hanging piles on Chengcunbeach. You can try to pick oysters on site, which has a unique taste.

我国景点英文版导游词

下面几篇范文是我国的景点英文版导游词，感兴趣的不妨看看怎么写吧，欢迎阅读借鉴，希望你们喜欢。

北京故宫博物院英文导游词

hello, everyone,

we are now going to pay a visit to a place of special interest. this scenic spot is located at the center of beijing and is characterized by thousands of palatial architectures and purple walls as well as yellow glazed tile roofs- it is simply a sea of palaces. this is the world – famous wonder – the palace museum.

the palace museum has served as the royal residence during the ming and qing dynasties. it was here that a total of 24 monarchs ascended the throne and wielded power for some 500 years. the palace museum, as the most beautiful spot of interest throughout beijing, is unique for its location: to the northwest is beihai(north sea) park, famous for its white pagoda and rippling lake; to the west is the zhongnahai (central and south sea); to the east lies the the wangfujing shopping street; and to the north id jinshan park. standing in the wanchun (everlasting spring) pavilion at the top of jingshan(charcoal hill) park, you overlook the skyline of the palace museum. at the southern end of the palace is tian` anmen (gate of heavenly peace) and the famous square named after it . this is the symbol of the people` s republic of china.

a world-famous historical site, the palace museum is on the world heritage list of unesco and is an embodiment of oriental civilization.

the palace museum is rectangular in shape, 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meters wide from east to west, covering a space of 720,000 square meters of which 150,000 is building area . it has 9000-strong rooms in it . according to legend there are 9999.5 room-units in all .the whole compound is enclosed by a 10-meter-hign wall and is accessed through four entrances, namely, the meridian gate in the south ,the gate of military prowess in the north, donghua(eastern flowery ) gate in the north, donghua ( eastern flowery) gate in the east and xihua(western flowery ) gate in the west. on each corner there is a turret consisted of 9 roof beams, 18 pillars and 72 ridge . encircling the compound there is a 3,800-meter-long and 52 meter-wide moat, making the palace museum a self-defensive city-within-a city.

the palace museum was made a center of rule during the ming dynasty by zhun di, the fourth son of the founding emperor zhuyuanzhang. the whole complex straddles on an 8-kilometers-long central axis that stretches from yongding (forever stable) gate in the south to gulou (drum tower) in the north. prominence was given to the royal power by putting the “three main front halls” and “three back halls ”on the axis while arrange other subsidiary structure around them .the construction of the palace museum involved manpower and resources across china. for example, the bricks laid in the halls ,known as “gold brick, ” underwent complex, two –dozen processes. as the final touch ,the fired bricks were dipped in chinese wood oil. involving complicated processes and high cost, these brick are called “golden bricks.” the palace museum serves as a living embodiment of good tradition and styles unique to china` s ancient architecture. it reflects to the full the ingenuity and creativity of the chinese working people. a carefully preserved and complete group of royal residences, the palace museum is a prominent historical and tourist site.

what we are now approaching is the main entrance to the palace museum-the meridian gate, which is characterized by red walls, yellow glazed –tile roofs and upturned eaves. on top of this walls, yellow glazed-tile roofs and upturned eaves. on top of this magnificent building ,there stand five lofty halls with a main hall in the center. the main hall is roofed by multiple eaves and covers a space of 9 room-units. it is flanked by two wings on each side .the wings are square in shape ,complete with multiple and four edged eaves and pinnacles. all of these structures are connected by a colonnade. because these halls resemble a soaring bird, it was also know as wufenglou (five-phoenix tower) . inside the main hall there is a throne. drums and bells were stored in the wings. whenever the emperor presided over grand ceremonies or observed rites in the hall of upreme harmony, drums, bells and gongs would be struck to mark the occasion.

as the legend goes, the meridian gate used to be a place where condemned ranking officials would be executed. this not true. however, flogging was carried out here by the ming emperors ,if a courtier falls afoul of the emperor, he would be stripped of his court dress and flogging with a stick .at one point the punishment became so harsh that a total of 11 people died from fatal wound on a single occasion .on the other hand, this building was also used to observe important occasions like the traditional chinese lantern festival (15th day of the first lunar month). on these occasions, chinese lanterns would be hanged and sumptuous banquets would be given in honour of the whole court of ministers and other ranking officials.

upon entering the meridian gate we began our tour of the palace museum. the river foowing in front of us is known as jin shui he (golden water river) and the five marbles bridges spanning it are known as the inner golden water bridges. the on in the middle was used exclusive by the emperor and its banisters were carved with dragon and phoenix designs. the bridges flanking the imperial one were reserved for princes and other royal members. the rest were used by palatines. aside from decoration, the golden water river was also dug as precaution against fire. most of the structures within the palace museum are made of wood. what is more ,according to ancient chinese cosmology, the south is the abode of fire, so this brook was dug on the southern tip of the palace. in this way, the palace museum reflects traditional chinese culture.

this building is called the gate of supreme harmony .in the foreground stand two bronze lions. can anybody tell which is male and which is female? the one on the east playing with a ball is male, symbolizing power and universal unity. the other on the west with a cub cuddling underneath its claw is female? the one on the east playing with a ball is male, symbolizing power and universal unity. the other on the west with a cub cuddling underneath its claw is female, representing prosperity the endless succession. a layout of the palace museum is posted by the entrance . from it ,you can see that the palace museum has two main parts: the forecourt and the inner court. the three main halls constitute the mainstay of the forecourt, and it was here that the emperor announced decisions and observed rites. behind the forecourt there is the inner court, consisting of major halls and the imperial garden .it was where the emperor attended state affairs, lived and enjoyed his luxurious life. the exhibition system of the palace museum involves historical court relics and articles of ancient art and culture. the palace museum houses nearly one million articles of rare treasure, or one sixth of the total number in all of china `s museums. there are the three main halls of the palace museum, built on a triple marble terrace . since most of china `s architecture is made of wood, the buildings cannot be too tall. to gain the height of the architecture, ingenious ancient artisans built the hall on a gigantic stone terrace .it is also to this end that not a single plant was grown in the square. on stairways of triple marble terrace there are 18 bronze tripods .the verandah is flanked by bronze tortoises and cranes, which served as symbols of longevity .on the east is a sundial, an ancient timepiece. on the west there is a grain measure suggesting that the emperor was just and equitable.

in the front and on each flank ,there is a pair of gilt bronze vats (caldrons ) molded during the reign of emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty .each of these weights 2 tons and is filled with water as a precaution in the event of a fire .the structure in the very middle is the hall of supreme harmony ,also known as the throne hall. it is 64 meters in width and is 38 meters from entrance to rear. with terrace exclusive ,the hall is 26.92 meters in height and is 35.03 meters in all .covering and areaof 2,377 square meters, the hall of supreme harmony is china` s largest exiting wooden structure. the hall is supported by 6 thick ,round pillars carved in a design of coiling dragons. as the holiest place in the hall, the ceiling and colored patterns were made of the finest material available at that time. the throne was placed on a terrace and is flanked by statues of elephants, luduan (a unicorn which could travel 18,000 kilometers a day and understand all languages), cranes and incense barrels .over the throne there is the caisson ,or covered ceiling ,which consists of a coiling dragon playing with a ball in its mouth .this ball is known as xuanyuan mirror ,and was supposedly made by a chinese emperor of remote times to serve as a reminder that thee rulers to follow were his hereditary heirs. the throne is made of nanmu and painted in gold .magnificently built and luxuriously decorated ,this hall did not serve as a place in which the emperor attended to daily affairs. he used his hall for major events such as his birthday, conferral of title of empress or dispatch of generals to war.

behind the hall of supreme harmony ,there sits the hall of complete harmony. this structure is square in shape .each side is 24.15 meters. this was the place where the emperor relaxed and greeted his courtiers before proceeding to the hall of supreme harmony to observe rites. this was also the place where the emperor prepared prayers or examined seeds and sowers bef ore he attended ancestral sacrifices or participated in snowing ceremonies. a grand ceremony was also held here once every 10 years for the emperor to genealogize the royal blood. there are two sedan chairs on display in the hall. behind the hall of complete harmony ,you will see the hall of preserving harmony, which was used as a place where imperial examinations were held. the imperial examination was the hignest level of competing for meritorious appointment under the feudal system dating back to the sui dynasty. china` s last imperial examination was held in 1904 during the reign of emperor guangxu of the qing dynasty. to the rear of hall there is a marble ramp carved with cloud and dragon designs, the largest of its kind in the whole country . it is 16.57 meters in length, 3.07 meters in width, 1.7 meters thick and weighs 250 tons. it was quarried in fangshan county in suburban beijing. to bring this giant piece of stone to beijing people poured water onto the road and applied rolling blocks during the process.

we are now standing before the square of the hall of heaven purity. it served as a divide separating the forecourt from the inner court .this building is known as the gate of heavenly purity. emperor qianlong held court here. proceeding further north ,you can find three main rear halls ,i.e. the hall of heavenly purity. the hall of union and peace and palace of earthly tranquility. the hall of heavenly purity if flanked on either side by two gates named after the sun and moon .inside the enclosure there are 12 palaces and halls symbolizing constellations. all of the other buildings are centered around the palace of heavenly purity , which was meant to suggest that the monarch` s power was endowed by heaven. the empress and concubines lived in the inner court.

the hall of heavenly purity was where the emperor lived and attended to daily affairs. later the emperor moved to live in the palace of mental cultivation. looking up you can see a plaque bearing the chinese inscription “be open and above-board,” a manifesto to court struggle .behind the plaque a strongbox was stored containing a will bearing the name of the would –be royal successor. this approach of secretly selecting the next emperor was adopted by emperor yongzheng of the qing dynasty. two copies of the will were prepared .one was stashed by the emperor in person ,the other was placed inside the strong box behind the plaque. after the death of the emperor, the two copies would be compared and successor would be announced. it was in this way that emperor qianglong and others have ascended the throne.

behind the hall of heavenly purity you will see the hall of union and peace , which is indentical to the hall of complete harmony. it was there that the emperor received congratulations and tributes from imperial officials on major calender occasions , a total of 25 imperial seals are stored there. in the hall, you will see a plaque with the handwritten inscription of “we wei,” exhorting taoist doctrines.

further northward is the palace of earthly tranquillity, which once served as the living room of the empresses` . the hall was later converted into a sacrificial place .through the windowpanes on the eastern wall you can see the royal bed decorated with dragon and phoenix designs. this hall has also served as the bridal chamber of monarchs.

the gate of earthly tranquilliity leads to the imperial garden (known to westerners as qianlong` s garden ),which was used by the emperor ,the empress, and the concubines. a magnificent structure stands in the middle. it is called the qin `s an (imperial peace) hall. it is the only building in the palace museum that was built in taoist style. it served as a shrine to the taoist deity. the garden covers a space of 12,000 square meters ,and is 130 meters from east to the west and some 90 meters from north to the south. there are a dozen halls, verandahs, pavilions and waterside houses in the garden . on each of the fur corner there is a pavilion dedicated to the four seasons which is different in construction style and shape. the garden also features an imperial landscape. with rare trees and exotic rockery, the imperial garden served as a model for china` s imperial parks .in all ,a total of 10-strong building styles were applied.

the tall building we are now passing is the gate of military prowess, the back door of the palace museum. our visit is now drawing to a conclusion but the architectures of the palace are not . on the other side of the road is the 43-meter-hign charcoal hill , providing natural protection for the forbidden city. this was also an embodiment of china` s construction style-putting a pool in the front and a hill in the rear. now let` s climb up to wanchun (everlasting springs ) pavillion where we` ll have a great view of the palace museum.

北京天安门英文导游词

Tian’anmen( the Gate of Heavenly Peace), is located in the center of Beijing. It was first built in 1417 and named Chengtianmen( the Gate of Heavenly Succession). At the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was seriously damaged by war. When it was rebuilt under the Qing in 1651, it was renamed Tian’anmen, and served as the main entrance to the Imperial City, the administrative and residential quarters for court officials and retainers. The southern sections of the Imperial City wall still stand on both sides of the Gate. The tower at the top of the gate is nine-room wide and five –room deep. According to the Book of Changes, the two numbers nine and five, when combined, symbolize the supreme status of a sovereign.

During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Tian’anmen was the place where state ceremonies took place. The most important one of them was the issuing of imperial edicts, which followed these steps:

1) The Minister of Rites would receive the edict in Taihedian( Hall of Supreme Harmony), where the Emperor was holding his court. The minister would then carry the decree on a yunpan( tray of cloud), and withdraw from the hall via Taihemen( Gate of supreme Harmony)

2) The Minister would put the tray in a miniature longting( dragon pavilion). Beneath a yellow umbrella and carry it via Wumen( Meridian Gate), to Tian’anmen Gate tower.

3) A courtier would be invested to proclaim the edict. The civil and military officials lining both sides of the gateway beneath the tower would prostrate themselves in the direction of the emperor in waiting for the decree to the proclaimed.

4) The courtier would then put the edict in a phoenix-shaped wooden box and lower it from the tower by means of a silk cord. The document would finally be carried in a similar tray of cloud under a yellow umbrella to the Ministry of Rites.

5) The edict, copied on yellow paper, would be made known to the whole country.

Such a process was historically recorded as “ Imperial Edict Issued by Golden Phoenix”.

During the Ming and Qing dynasties Tian’anmen was the most important passage. It was this gate that the Emperor and his retinue would go through on their way to the altars for ritual and religious activities.

On the Westside of Tian’anmen stands ZhongshanPark( Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Park), and on the east side, the Working People’s Cultural Palave. The Park was formerly called Shejitan( Altar of Land and Grain), built in 1420 for offering sacrificial items to the God of Land. It was opened to the public as a park in 1914 and its name was changed in 1928 to the present one in memory of the great pioneer of the Chinese Democratic Revolution.

The Working People’s Cultural Palace used to be Taimiao( the Supreme Ancestral Temple), where tablets of the deceased dynastic rulers were kept.

The stream in front of Tian’anmen is called Waijinshuihe( Outer Golden River),with seven marble bridges spanning over it . Of these seven bridges,historical records say the middle one was for the exclusive use of the emperor and was accordingly called Yuluqiao( Imperial Bridge). The bridges flanking it on either side were meant for the members of the royal family and were therefore called Wanggongqiao( Royal’s Bridges). Farther away on each side of the two were bridges for officials ranking above the third order and were named Pinjiqiao( ministerial Bridges). The remaining two bridges were for the use by the retinue below the third order and wre called Gongshengqiao( common Bridges). They anr the one in front of the Supreme Ancestral Temple to the east and the one in front of the Altar of land and Grain to the west.

The two stone lions by the Gate of Tian’anmen, one on each side were meant as sentries. They gaze toward the middle axis, guarding the emperor’s walkway. In front of the gate stands a pair of marble columns called Huabiao. They are elaborately cut in bas-relief following the pattern of a legendary dragon. Behind the gate stands another pair of similar columns. The story of Huabiao may be traced to a couple of sources. One of the versions accredits its invention to one of the Chinese sage kings named Yao, who was said to have set up a wooden pillar in order to allow the ordinary people to expose evil-doers, hence it was originally called a slander pillar. Later it ws reduced to a signpost, and now it serves as an ornament.

The beast sitting on the top of the column is called” hou”, a legendary animal, which is said to have been a watcher of an emperor’s behaviour. He was doing such duties as warning the emperor against staying too long outside the palace or indulging in pleasure and urging him to go to the people for their complaints or return in due time. Therefore, the two pairs of beasts were given the names” Wangjunhui”( Expecting the emperor’s coming back) and “ wangjunchu”( Expecting the emperor’s going out) respectinvely.

In the old days, Tian’anmen, as a part of the Imperial City, was meant for important occasions. The two rows of chaofang( antechamber), on the sides behind the main gate, wre reserved for civil and military members of the government waiting for imperial audience and in front of the gate, were offices of imperial administration.

On October 1, 1949, chairman Mao Zedong proclaimed on Tian’anmen Rostrum the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Since then Tian’anmen has been the symbol of New Chinea. Chairman Mao’s portrait is hung above the central entrance, flanked by two slogans:” Long Live the Great Unity of the Peoples of the World”. Today , the splendour of Tian’anmen attracts million of visitors from all over the world. The Rostrum on its top was opened in 1988 to the public for the first time in its history. It offers a panoramic view of the Square and the city proper.

Tian’anmen Square

Situated due south of Tian’anmen, the Square has an area of 44 hectares( 109 acres) that can accommodate as many as one million people for public gatherings. It has witnessed may historical events in China’s modern history and is a place for celebrations on such festive days as international Labour Day on May 1st and national Day on October 1st.

Around the Square are several famous buildings:

1 The Great Hall of the People

This is one of the largest congressional buildings in the world. Built in 1959, the hall consists of three parts: a 10,000-seat auditorium in the center, a banquet hall in the north wing facing Chang’an Street, with a seating capacity of 5,000, and offices for the Standing Committee of the National Peoples’ Congress of China in the south. In addition, thirty-four reception chambers are named after various provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly unde the Central Government, plus Hong Kong and Macao. Each is different from the other in decoration and furnishings to stress their local features.

2 The Museum of Chinese History and the Museum of the Chinese Revolution

These two museums were also built in 1959. the museum of Chinese History houses a permanent exhibition in four parts, covering the entire process of Chinese history spanning from 1.7 million years ago to 1919:

1) The Primitive Society( 1.7 million years ago to the 21st century BC);

2) The Slave Society(21st century BC to 476 BC.);

3) The Feudal Society(475 BC. To 1840 AD.);

4) The Semi-Colonial and Semi- Fedual Society(1840 to 1919.)

The Museum of the Chinese Revolution covers the period from 1919 to 1949.

3 The Monument to the People’s Heroes

the monument was built in memory of thousands of martyrs who died for the revolutionary cause of the Chinese people. Its construction began on August 1, 1952 and was not completed until 1958. in the form of an obelisk, the Monument as made of more than 17,000 pieces of tranite and white marble. The purple piece inlaid in the front of the Monument was brought from Qingdao, Shandong Province. It is 38 meters(124ft 8 in) high, the loftiest of its kind ever seen in the country. Not only is it an historic memorial for immortal heroes, but also it is an artistic work of excellent architectural value.

On the front side of the Monument is an engraved inscription in Chinese characters written by Chairman Mao Zedong, which reads” Eternal Glory to the People’s Heroes!”. On the back of the Monument is an article written by Chairman Mao, but in Chinese calligraphy by the late Premier Zhou Enlai.

At the top of the Monument are eight gigantic carved wreathes of such flowers as peony, lotus and chrysanthemum, symbolizing nobility, purity, and fortitude. At the base of the monument are eight marble reliefs depicting the Chinese historic events since 1840. They are:

1) The Burning of Opium in 1840:

2) The uprising of 1851 in Jintian, Guangxi;

3) The Revolution of 1911;

4) The May Fourth Movement of 1919;

5) The May 30th Movement of 1925;

6) The Uprising of 1927 in Nanchang, Jiangxi;

7) The War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression from 1937 to 1945;

8) The Victorious Crossing over the Yangtze River by the Peoples’s Liberation Army in 1949. This relief is flanked by two smaller ones—“ Supplying the Front” and “ Greeting the P.L.A.”.

4 Chairman Mao’s Mausoleum

Chairman Mao Zedong, the founder of the People’s Pepublic of China, passed away on Sepember 9, 1976. In commemoration of this great man, a mausoleum began to be constructed in November 1976, and was completes in August the following year. The Mausoleum was officially opened on September 9, 1977.

The mausoleum is surrounded by four groups of sculpture. East of the northern entrance is the sculpture depicting the period of the New Democratic Revolution( 1919-1949), and west of it is the one signifying the great achievements of the Chinese people during the period of slcialist revolution and construction since 1949. The sculptures in front of the southern gate are figures of workers, peasants soldiers, intellectuals, technicians and children.

Inside the Mausoleum are three main sections: A white marble statue of Chairman Mao is mounted on a platform in the front lobby. On the wall behind the statue is a 24-metre-long( 79-foot-long) tapestry, a fine needlepoint work with beautiful landscapes of the country.

In the main hall there is a crystal coffin, in which Chairman Mao’s body lies stately with the Communist Party’s flag covering over him.

On the wall of the southern lobby, a poem by Chairman Mao and in his own calligraphy is inscribed in gold inlay. It expresses his full great expectations for the country.

Tian’ anmen Square has now completed its renovation after eight months’ hard work to welcome the 50th anniversary of the People’s Republic in 1999.

河源苏家围英文导游词

The Sujiawei Hakka Village Tourism Zone is a must for tourists who are interested in the Hakka culture and customs.

Bordering Dongjiang River in the north and Jiushe River in the south, the village is located in the Heshui Township, 26km away from the city of Heyuan.

Today the village is described as a “picturesque village in south china”, featuring old trees and houses, wild lands, bamboos and fresh air. Also it has a profound cultural history and is said to be the habitat of descendants of Su Shi, who also known as Su Dongpo, a famous Chinese literate in Northern Song Dynasty. Hence All people living in the village now are surnamed “Su”.

It also provides some performances for travelers to get a better known of Hakka culture such as their wedding customs. You can take part in the producing lines of making bean curd, wine or oil; or enjoy yourself in activities like fishing, swimming and boating.

The first spot we encounter is the Yingqing Bridge, where has a panoramic view of Sujiawei. The bridge is a place to welcome all families, relatives and friends.

Here is purple perilla park. The purple perilla can be used as medicine to cure cold, or purple dye or cooking. The origin of this park is as follows: one day one of Su Shi’s offspring passed by this place, he dreamed five old men pointed a big tree and told him it is perilla tree. When he woke up, he found this place is full of perilla, and the environment is quite beautiful, so he thought the old men would like he move the Su clan here. So after he came back, he always mentioned this dream to his late generations. To fulfill his this dream, over 700 years ago, the Su clan moved here and Sujiawei started its story.

From this purple perilla park to Pool lips estate, is gallery of Hakka villages gender culture, which shows the Hakka people’s moral ideas and customs, they think everything has two opposite extremes like negative and positive. In Hakka dialect, have a boy baby is named “tian deng”, the same pronunciation as “add a lantern”. So in Chinese lantern festival, any family which has a new boy baby will hang a big lantern in their ancestors’ shrine.

Later we will visit Sugong Shrine Yongsi Hall, Guanghua hall, Su school and Yi Jiang temple. You may find the Hakka architecture is well preserved here. These ancient buildings are square flat houses with dark blue bricks and roof tiles that belong to the style of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The oldest house, Yongsi Hall, was built in 1481 in memory of Su Dongshan, the eighth-generation descendant of Su Dongpo and as a place for the villagers to worship their ancestors and discuss important affairs.

Now we walk along the Dongjiang river and enjoy the Hakka folk music. At the riverside you see bamboo everywhere. Su Dongpo loved bamboo, he once said “I can eat without meat, but I can not live without bamboo. No meat to eat only makes me thin; but live without bamboo makes me vulgar”!

Walking so long time, are you a bit tired and thirsty? Let’s go to Her Workshops to taste Hakka traditional snacks and tea. There are tea leaf, sesame, peanut, red jujube and longan in the tea. Do you taste them?

Ok, after a break, we go to experience traditional Hakka wedding performance. If you are lucky to be chosen and act as the bridegroom, you will be invited to the stage and join their show.

The village also preserves many slogans printed on the walls during 1950s to 1970s, which are silent witnesses to Chinese modern history.

Do you see the big bamboo hats holding by bamboo sticks in line? It is farm four seasons gallery. On the bamboo hats marked farming planting and harvesting dates and festivals.

Finally we have 15-minutes free activity in the countryside vegetable fields. You may like farmers to pick fruits, vegetables you like in the fields.

Dear friends: passenger

I am your tour guide. My name is green YanQian, you can call me xiaoqing. Today we are going to go to lijiang.

Lijiang ancient city is located in the lijiang naxi autonomous county in southwest Chinas yunnan province, founded in the late 13th century. The ancient city of more than 2400 meters above sea level, since ancient times is known fairs and towns. The ancient city of existing more than 25000 inhabitants. Among them, the naxi nationality for the vast majority of the population, 30% of the residents are still engaged in mainly copper, silver, fur, leather making, brewing traditional handicraft industry and commercial activities.

Built on the YuHe water system in the ancient city of lijiang, there are 354 Bridges, the density of the average per 93 square kilometers. Bridge is a famous cui bridge, a lock in, myriad bridge, south gate bridge, saddle, the garden.empress bridge bridge, built in the 14 ~ 19 century.

The ancient town of five phoenix tower was built in the Ming dynasty in 1601 AD, 20 meters high. Because of its architectural form like five flying colourful feng, therefore "the five-phoenix towers", in the building also painted on the ceiling of a variety of exquisite patterns.

Lijiang has a long history, natural style. Lijiang residence is harmony the han, bai, yi, Tibetan ethnic essence, and has a unique style of the naxi nationality, is the study of Chinese architectural history, culture history, rare heavy heritage. Lijiang is containing the rich traditional culture, is an important historical research of human cultural development.

Todays trip to this end, bye bye.

游客们，大家好!我是本次导游员，现在我给大家介绍介绍黄椅山。

黄椅山火山森林公园位于辽宁省丹东宽甸满族自治县，景区总面积20平方公里。有玄武湖，黄椅仙踪和雪树银花三大景区组成。

黄椅山名字的由来是传说有两条龙打架，殃及百姓，玉皇大帝很生气，随手向他们抛去自己身边的两把椅子，黄色的椅子正好牢牢的罩住了其中的一条黄龙。从高空鸟瞰黄椅山就会发现整座山体是一把很像的椅子。

现在进入火山公园，我们在观赏火山景观的同时要特别注意保护好这些地质遗迹，因为这里的每一块石头都是不可再生的宝贵遗产，他们对于人类了解地球演化、进行科学研究，具有十分重要的意义。

黄椅山森林公园景区内森林覆盖率高达90%呢，多为天然幼树次生林和人工林，这里还是野生动物和鸟类的天堂，现有十几种野生动物和上百种鸟类。良好的森林植被构筑了兽类和鸟类的天堂。已发现的有赤狐、沙狐、松鼠、花鼠子、刺猬、山兔等。鸟类有绿啄木鸟、乌鸦、喜鹊、山斑鸠、黑枕黄鹂、画眉等，尤其大山雀数量最为壮观。我相信这里的动物一定很快乐!

好了，旅游完毕了!谢谢参观!

女士们，先生们：大家早上好!

你们已经到了九寨沟了，九寨沟导游词。我先来自我介绍。我叫孙泽宇。大家可以叫我小孙导游或孙导。我的手机号是：1**31364789。

好了，我们已经到了位于四川省阿坝藏族羌族自治州的九寨沟了大家庭往这边走，后面的游客请跟上。九寨沟纵深40多公里，总面积6万多公顷，三条主沟形成Y形分布，总长达60余公里。相传，主管草木万物之神比央朵明热巴有九个聪明勇敢、美丽善良的女儿，来致电十座雪峰上空，见蛇魔在水中投毒，人畜倒毙。她们打败了蛇魔留下来与九个藏族男子结婚成家，一起重建家园，以后形成九个部落，分居九个寨寮，因此这里就被称为“九寨沟。由于交通不便，这里几乎成了一个与世隔绝的地方。

九寨沟景区面积62平方公里，主要有日则沟景区、树正景区，，则查洼沟景区，扎如景区……

现在我们来到了日则沟景区。它全长9公里，有珍珠滩瀑布、五花海、高瀑布、熊猫海、箭竹海等。看，珍珠滩瀑布犹如一面巨大晶莹的珠帘，从陡峭的断层垂挂而下，置身于这流球飞玉的滩中，真有“滚滚银花足下踩，万顷珍珠涌入怀”的感受。高瀑布是九寨沟最高的瀑布，雄伟吧?你们再来看，五花海湖水一边是翠绿色的，一边是湖绿色的，湖底的枯树，由于钙化，变成一丛丛灿烂的珊瑚，在阳光的照射下，五光十色，非常迷人，导游词《九寨沟导游词》。好了，我们在这里等一会车，我们准备去树正沟景区。它的主要景点有盆景滩、芦苇海、火花海、树正瀑布、犀牛海和诺日朗瀑布。到了，大家下车跟我来。盆景滩在荷叶寨前方，该处是一个地势低平的浅滩，整个景点犹如一座巨大的盆景。火花海神奇莫测，风吹浪生，显出朵朵“火花”，奇光闪闪，但此景多出现在清晨日出时分。前面是树正瀑布。它在树正寨附近，是九寨沟内第一个瀑布群，一连串40多个海子绵延7公里形成多层台阶。上层台阶海子里的水，从海子边缘全线溢出，形成瀑布，注入下一层台阶的海子，有多少层海子，便有多少层瀑布。落差最小的只有一二米，最大的可达30米。诺日朗瀑布呈多级下跌，宽达140米的水帘从两山间飞出，直泻百尺山崖，形成罕见的森林瀑布。犀牛海是树正沟内最大的海子，是九寨沟内景色变化最多的海子，倒影似幻似真，与天地、树林连成一体。诺日郎瀑布的特点在于雄伟。宽达300米，落差20米的瀑布呈多级下跌趋势，是旅客们最钟爱的取景点之一。大家拍个照吧!

大家好!欢迎大家来兵马俑博物馆参观。

早听说西安有著名的秦始皇兵马俑，那是闻名中外的奇观。这次我在报纸上看见，兵马俑要运到福州来展出，马上就能亲眼目睹我向往已久的兵马俑了，我高兴极了，马上要求妈妈带我去参观，妈妈同意了。

一大早，我们就乘车来到福州博物馆，买好门票，我们就朝大门走去，一进门，就看见一架气势磅礴四匹马拉的古代马车，上面有一个人驾御，原来它就是秦始皇的御驾——铜车马。再往前走，在显眼的地方摆着一把锋利无比的刀刃，这就是青铜剑。听讲解员介绍，我知道青铜剑表面有着一层化学涂层，有良好的防腐性能，难怪两千多年过去了，这把剑还是银光闪烁。据说这把剑从来没有被使用过。

不一会儿，我跟随讲解员来到了秦俑最多的地方，有高级军吏俑、铠甲武士俑、战袍武士俑、铠甲军吏俑、跪射俑、立射俑和百戏俑。除百戏俑以外都是军官类，百戏俑是杂耍艺人的形象。只见秦俑身着战袍，排成几行，个个栩栩如生，形态逼真。这些与人等高的陶武士俑，面部神态、服式、发型都各不相同。这些威风凛凛的兵马俑，使我赞叹不已。我国古代劳动人民用自己平凡的双手创造了一个多么不平凡的奇迹呀!

今天真是我最最开心的星期天，让我大开眼界，真是不虚此行啊!

乐满地森林度假区位于兴安碧波旖旎的灵湖西岸的乐满地森林度假村，是国内风格独具的休闲型度假别墅区。整个度假村按照其功能划分为三个区：木屋区、露营平台区和森林游乐区。木屋区构成整个度假区的主线，宛若置身于童话世界美丽的城堡中。蜜月佳期的有情人在入住小木屋的那一刻，也就酝酿了属于人生另一个更精彩的童话。七十三座露营平台有我们儿时的梦想：独自背着行囊到一个遥远的国度，开辟一片属于自己的天空，邀请自己的族人，在星光点点的夜里，围着熊熊的篝火，尽情挥洒心中的热情......

木屋区 建有上、下二层的度假小木屋十余座,山崖别墅一座，其中小木屋是特聘欧美设计师依据欧式、日式二种不同的建筑风格，选用全天然优质木材搭建，木屋内部四星级酒店客房的装修一应俱全，为每一位入住的客人提供全方位服务。 阳光里，凭窗眺望，黄墙红瓦，碧波环绕;月光下，漫步林间，蛙鼓虫鸣，星月如练。正是这绝佳意境与齐备设施的完美融合，为您勾勒了一幅幽雅、闲逸、美伦美奂的休闲图画。

露营平台 则是风格迥异的开放型度假住宿区，全区建有全木质开放式露营平台73座，游人们三五成群，结伴露营，或在营火区点燃篝火，彻夜狂欢，或在平台前秉烛围坐，把酒邀月，自然纯朴的气息扑面而来，伴您渡过充满青春活力的多彩良霄。

紧邻露营平台区的是异彩纷呈的森林游乐区，其中匠心独具的亲水渠道，厚重古朴的壮乡风雨桥，曲径通幽的情人步道，灿烂璀璨的茶花谷，一线牵情的月老阁，更有惊心动魄的霹雳滑车、人工滑草场……每一处布局的点点滴滴都折射出整个项目精雕细琢折夺人光彩，再加上周围混然天成的自然景观，将整个森林度假村的独特魅力展现无余。

休闲旅馆 以五星极标准建成，占地100余亩，拥有368间高级客房，另设中西餐厅，商场， 9个可容纳 30-500人的会议厅及舞厅，KTV，SPA，娱乐室和室内外游泳池，网球场，烧烤区等综合设施。

主题乐园 特聘美国迪士尼乐园专家Magic Mountain设计，占地约 500亩全部采用进口设备，为类似美国迪士尼乐团的大型娱乐场所。共分六个主题区：欢乐中国城，美国大西部区，梦幻世界区，海盗村，南太平洋区及大岛区等，游乐设施及表演节目达50余项，是个老少咸宜的欢乐园地。

高尔夫俱乐部 本球场特聘美国专家GOLDEN LOUIS设计，为全广西最大的国际标准 18洞球场，标准杆 72杆，球道全长7084码。前九洞以山景为主，后九调以湖景为主，极富挑战性。另在本球场及市区均建有高尔夫练习场供球友练球。

_市拥有广西最大的海岛涠洲岛。涠洲岛位于北海半岛东南面24海里处，由南至北长6.5公里，由东至西宽6公里，最高海拔79米，北海涠洲岛是我国最大最年轻的火山岛。岛上住有20_多户人家，16000多人口，85%以上都是客家人，岛上不但气候宜人，资源丰富，风光秀丽，景色迷人，四季如春，气候温暖湿润，富含负氧离子的空气清新宜人，具备世界旅游界向注的“三s(海水sea 、阳光sun、沙滩sand的旅游资源十分丰富的岛屿;故素有“大蓬莱”仙岛之称。

在高空鸟瞰，面积为25平方公里的涠洲岛犹如一枚翡翠漂浮于湛蓝的大海中。踏上这座火山岛，撞入眼帘的是奇特的海蚀海积地貌与火山熔岩景观――猪仔岭憨态可掬，鳄鱼石栩栩如生，滴水岩泉水叮咚，红色火山岩好象刚刚喷发过……位于盛堂村的法国天主教堂，更是在19世纪末就落户岛上，材料全部取于岛上的珊瑚、岩石，历经百年岁月，依然坚固如初。四百多年前，明代著名戏剧家汤显祖游览该岛，写下“日射涠洲廓，风斜别岛洋”的诗句。

猪仔岭

猪仔岭位于涠洲岛月牙形海湾的中心部位，与岛相离100米，有乱石堆成的小路通往其上，在涨潮时，这条路会被海水淹没。这座耸翠的小岛酷肖一头匍匐着的肥猪，小小的双眼、短短的耳朵、高高的前额，身躯丰盈，膘悍粗犷，唯妙唯肖，叫猪仔岭。

天主教堂

涠洲岛天主教堂是法国文艺复兴时期哥特式建筑，整个建筑群由教堂、男女修道院、医院、神父楼、育婴室等组成。当时还没有钢筋水泥，建筑材料全取自岛上的珊瑚、岩石、石灰拌海石花及竹木建造。一百多年来，涠洲岛天主教堂虽经历了多少风雨的冲刷，仍保存完好。

法国哥特式的天主教堂颇具特色，它高13.5米，长56米、宽17米，全用岩石、珊瑚粒及竹木瓦建造，建筑面积为1500平方米，教堂内可容纳教徒1500人。涠洲岛天主教堂始建于清代

同治年间(公元1861——1880年)历经20_年才建成。据说此教堂为当时全国四大教堂之一。涠洲天主教堂由钟楼、修道院学堂、医院、育婴堂所组成。由于扫“四旧”，除教堂和钟楼外，其余都已荡然无存了。迄今仍可供教徒们在教堂内弥撒祈祷和供后人观瞻。现有信徒20_多人，每逢星期日，便有信秆到此做礼拜，热闹非凡。

火山口地质公园

火山口意即火山喷发时的口子，在涠洲岛的西南边，在“鳄鱼”山脚下，因壮观的火山熔岩而出名，是涠洲岛上最主要的景区，20_年1月13日，顺利通过了国家旅游局专家评审组审核评定，被国家旅游局评为国家4a级旅游景区。这里的火山岩石千姿百态，各种形状都有，奇妙极了，让人不得不感叹大自然的妙笔生花。

火山口确实很美，岩层一层一层的，像关于火山喷发的科普书一样，在说着涠洲岛久远的故事。

有风的时候，一浪涌着一浪，扑到岸边的岩石上腾起高高的白花，发出“轰轰”的响声。蓝天、白云、岩石、巨浪交相辉映，美不胜收。

滴水丹屏

滴水丹屏在涠洲岛滴水村南岸边，原名滴水岩。绝壁上部绿树成荫，壁上层间裂隙常有水溢出，一点点往下滴，如朱帘垂挂。由于海蚀作用，岩石的外表形态犹如一有眼、有鼻、有嘴、有发的巨型侧面“人头像”(现已倒塌)，景致优美。

滴水丹屏的海滩非常不错，靠近水边的沙子很细腻，中间铺满了碎珊瑚，再往岸边就是松树林。在这里游泳的人很多，在海里随着海浪的涌动时而跳跃，时而漂浮。

滴水丹屏是赏日落的最佳位置。在晴天的时候，每当傍晚时分，将落的太阳会绽放出一天中最后的灿烂，为我们呈献出最绚丽的晚霞。

五彩滩

五彩滩，原名芝麻滩，是因沙滩上有许多像芝麻一样的黑色的小石粒而出名。退潮后的芝麻滩格外的漂亮，巨大的火山岩石一层一层的，在阳光的照射下特别的壮面。大片大片的火山熔岩裸露出来，特别的宽阔。许多地方虽然海水退了，但还是留下了大片大片的一洼一洼的水，在蓝天的映射下，一洼一洼的水在视线中也变成了蓝色，和裸露的岩石一起，很是迷人。远处蓝蓝的天和蓝蓝的海水成了一色，白白的云点缀蓝蓝的天，让天空更生动;海水时而很温柔地亲吻着火山岩石，时而遇到岩石便跳跃起来，飞溅成白色的美丽的浪花。

碰到好天气，在芝麻滩远眺，离涠洲岛约9海里远、面积约1.89平方公里的斜阳岛犹如就在眼前。

石螺口海滩

石螺口海滩和其它的景点都不一样，即有国内其它地方海滩的那种浪漫，又有涠洲岛特有的原始与自然。石螺口海滩的沙子很漂亮且很松软，在阳光的照射下很白，刺的人睁不开眼晴。天空与白云、海水与浪花、沙滩与茅草棚、渔船与远处的风景、戴着斗笠织网的渔民与躺在太阳伞下戴着太阳镜的游客，很自然地构成一幅无可言说的风景。

石螺口海滩也是涠洲岛上最佳的潜水基地，如果您有兴趣，穿上潜水服，跟着潜水教练一起潜入深秘的海底，与美丽的珊瑚来个亲秘接触可能会让您的涠洲之行终生难忘。

在石螺口海滩，您可以租上太阳伞和椅子，要一些冷饮，很惬意地躺在太阳伞下，一边观赏着美景，一边喝着冷饮。困了就眯上眼睡一会，睡醒了就去沙滩上踩着浪花走一会，在这里只有你才是大自然的主人，怎么玩你说了算。

涠洲岛灯塔

涠洲灯塔位于涠洲岛之巅，1956年设立，原为铁架结构，1969年改建为石塔。由于原灯塔高度不够，导航性能较差，加之建设简陋，与涠洲岛的旅游景点很不相称。20_年，广东海事局拨款100多万元重建后的涠洲灯塔，高22米，设计考究，建造工艺精细，是一个不可多得的建筑精品;其内设旋转楼梯，上落方便，梯级铺贴红色花岗岩面层，显得名贵高雅;塔身内侧贴白色瓷砖，外侧面贴白色仿石砖，洁白如雪;灯塔采用高级铝合金刚化玻璃水密窗，耐腐蚀、防水性好;塔的底部和悬挑室底板处巧妙地开设通风孔，使灯塔内部长期处于通风透气状态;塔顶安装上海产铜制灯笼，灯光射程18海里;灯塔上部设计有瞭望台，游人登塔极目远眺，全岛风光尽收眼底。

大家好，今天我们将一起去游览这著名的胡里山炮台。我是你们的导游，大家可以称呼我为小陶。接下来就让我们一起走进这胡里山炮台吧!

这座炮台是一座海岸炮台，原用来防御外来侵略的，炮台于1894年三月初八动工，1896年十一月初八竣工，历时二年九个月，占地面积1.3万平方米，主要由炮台、兵营、弹药库组成。这里面还存放着一座世界最大的古海岸大炮呢!那他到底是什么样的大炮呢?不妨现在就与小陶一同前去看看吧!

各位来宾，我们可以看到前面有两个大门，大门上写着“奋武”、“震威”，在两门对面是由福建工艺美校蔡志强先生创作的大型《民族魂》壁雕，表现了从旧中国到新中国的万里海防，从“刀枪入库”到奋武震威，抗击侵略者，气势恢宏、立意明晰，是一幅很好的佳作。如果大家想拍照的话，就可以在这里拍。这里既可以拍到旁边那热闹非凡的沙滩，一望无际大海，也可以拍到这著名的《民族魂》壁雕。

各位来宾，我们这次主要浏览的就是我之前提到的世界最大的古海岸大炮，因时间有限，其他地方我们就看一看好吗?好，现在就请各位来宾往这边走。这里是荣光宝藏馆，一共分为五个展馆，分别是古代宝剑、古代战炮、古代火枪、世界奇石、古树化石展馆，这是张荣光先生的先世历七代近220_年从世界各地征集来的，有极高的文史价值和艺术欣赏价值。等我们浏览完了世界大炮，就可以来这里参观参观。

好了，我们继续往前。大家可以看到这里有许许多多的火炮对吧。这是为了抗击1841年英帝国主义发动的战争和清朝的抗日战争使用的。但是，在战争中，英军看出了岸炮只能直射一个方向，不能旋转多角度放炮的缺陷，绕过射击方向，在白石炮台附近登陆，突破防线，从身后射击清军，导致清军全部壮烈牺牲。战争后，厦门军民为巩固海防，在光绪二十年(1894年)三月初八开工，建造了现在的炮台，就是我刚才提到的世界最大的古海岸大炮，以及旁边的炮群。

让我们继续往前，看，这里的炮群比刚才的大多了吧!而且看起来也先进许多。这就是能360度旋转的德国克虏伯兵工厂制造的小炮。再往前走，大家看到这个在坑里的大炮，就是世界最大的古海岸大炮——克虏伯大钢炮。它也被人们称为“胡里炮王”!它长度是13.13米，重50吨，口径28厘米，射程1万6千米。曾击落敌军战舰一百多艘，是我国一系列战争中的大功臣。现在，它已被列为吉尼斯世界纪录。在大炮的旁边有一个水池，这个水池是做什么用的呢?据说是因为这大炮每发一门后就要冷却三十分钟，而这个水池就是降温用的。

好了，我们的胡里山炮台游结束了，接下来大家可以去参观荣光宝藏馆。感谢你们对我工作的支持和信任!再见!

各位游客们：

怒江傈僳族自治州地处我国云南省西北部的青藏高原南延部分横断山脉纵谷地带，西与缅甸毗邻，北接西藏，东南和省内的迪庆、丽江、大理、保山相连;国境线长达449。67公里。总面积14703平方公里，总人口45。88万人。

怒江两岸的山岭多在3000米以上，山高谷深，水流声如怒吼，故名怒江。两岸有许多飞瀑流泉，蕴藏着丰富的动植物资源，景色雄奇壮观，是一块待开发的处女地。怒江僳僳族自治州首府设在六库，共辖泸水、碧江、福贡、兰坪和贡山5县。人口45.4万人，有傈僳、白、怒、普米、独龙等少数民族。怒江和独龙江在境内高山峡谷中流过，为举世闻名的怒江大峡谷的主要地段，高差多达4740多米，长达621公里。两岸有高黎贡山和碧罗雪山，群峰雄峙，横亘千里，其间的怒江奔腾咆哮，沿江多急流、险滩、峡谷、溪流、瀑布、翠竹绿林，云雾拥山，景色壮丽，有“东方大峡谷”之美誉。

在贡山还发现了古老的岩画，怒江及其支流独龙江上，还保留有溜索、藤桥、铁索桥等各式桥梁，宛如一座活的桥梁博物馆。

傈僳族和独龙族村寨的垛木房及生产、生活用具独具民族特色。傈僳族信仰原始宗教，保存有原始图腾崇拜的遗迹，有“伴朵”、“迪母瓦”、“盍什”等民俗节日。怒族有“仙女节”、独龙族有“卡雀哇”等民俗节日。他们穿自制的麻布衣、火草衣，显得古朴大方。傈僳、怒、独龙等民族性格豪爽，热情好客，是一个能歌善舞的民族。怒江地区民俗丰富多彩，尤以傈僳族的刀杆节，独龙族的镖牛习俗最为独特。各民族均有不同的宗教信仰，原始宗教、喇嘛教、天主教、_并存。

怒江州属亚热带山地季风气候，具有立体气候的特点，境内的“三江”峡谷地带，从峡谷底到梁峰顶，分布着各种不同类型的自然景观，栖息着种类繁多。

怒江是我省高山河谷探险和考察民俗的重要旅游区，六库距昆明635公里，至大理235公里，至保山150公里。

在呼和浩特市南9公里的大黑河南岸，就是让人敬仰的昭君墓。传说，昭君原是天上的仙女，为了汉匈之间的民族和平，自愿下凡来到民间，与单于结为夫妻，造福人民。历史上的王昭君，真名嫱，字昭君，西汉时南郡秭归人(今湖北省兴山县),为中国古代四大美人之一。公元前37年，王昭君被选入后宫，为汉元帝待诏。公元前33年，在汉匈两族人民迫切要求民族和平的形势下，王昭君自愿请行出嫁匈奴，做了单于的阏氏，促使汉匈两族之间保持了近半个世纪的和平相处。匈奴境内的经济文化得到发展，王昭君得到各族人民的爱戴。在中国历史上，王昭君是一个献身中华民族友好事业的伟大女性。在民间百姓中，昭君是美的化身。

两千年来，她的传说、故事在中国民间广为流传，家喻户晓。自唐、宋以来，历代文人咏唱昭君、抒发情感的诗文、歌词、绘画、戏曲更是多不胜数，形成了千古流传的“昭君文化”。现代著名史学家翦伯赞赞美：“王昭君已经不是一个人物，而是一个象征，一个民族友好的象征;昭君墓也不是一个坟墓，而是一座民族友好的历史纪念塔。”“琵琶一曲弹至今，昭君千古墓犹新”。今天的昭君墓，宛如北方草原上一颗璀璨的明珠，成为名扬世界的旅游胜地。

昭君墓，又称“青冢”，蒙语称特木尔乌尔琥，意为“铁垒”，位于内蒙古呼和浩特市南呼清公路9公里处的大黑河畔，是史籍记载和民间传说中汉代名妃王昭君的墓地。

昭君墓，始建于公元前的西汉时期，距今已有20xx余年的悠久历史，现为内蒙古自治区的重点文物保护单位。

昭君墓，是由汉代人工积土，夯筑而成。墓体状如覆斗，高达33米，底面积约13000平方米，是中国最大的汉墓之一。

昭君墓，因被覆芳草，碧绿如茵，故有“青冢”之称。青冢兀立、巍峨壮观，远远望去，显出一幅黛色朦胧、若泼浓墨的迷人景色，历史上被文人誉为“青冢拥黛”，成为呼和浩特的八景之一。

在中国历史上，王昭君是一位献身于中华民族友好事业的伟大女性。在民间百姓中，昭君是美的化身。数千年来，她的传说、故事在中国民间广为流传，家喻户晓。自唐、宋以来，历代文人咏唱昭君、抒发情感的诗文、歌词、绘画、戏曲更是多不胜数，形成了千古流传的"昭君文化"。

现代史学家翦伯赞赞美：“王昭君已经不是一个人物，而是一个象征，一个民族友好的象征;昭君墓也不是一个坟墓，而是一座民族友好的历史纪念塔”。

“琵琶一曲弹至今，昭君千古墓犹新”。今天的昭君墓，宛如北方草原上一颗璀璨的明珠，成为名扬世界的旅游胜地。这里不仅有历史悠久的文物古迹，还有鸟语花香的自然情趣和独具特色的人文景观，其诗情画意，令人流连。

唐蕃古道是我国古代历史上一条非常著名的交通大道，也是唐代以来中原内地去往青海、西藏乃至尼泊尔、印度等国的必经之路。它起至陕西西安(即长安)，途经甘肃、青海，至西藏拉萨(即逻些)，全长3千余公里。整个古道横贯中国西部，跨越举世闻名的世界屋脊，联通我国西南的友好邻邦，故亦有丝绸南路之称。

唐蕃古道的大致走向为：从陕西西安市出发，过咸阳，沿丝绸之路东段西行，越陇山，经甘肃天水、陇西、临洮至临夏，在炳灵寺或大河家渡黄河，进入青海民和官亭，经古鄯、乐都、西宁、湟源，登日月山，涉倒淌河，到恰卜恰(公主佛堂)，然后经切吉草原、大河坝、温泉，花石峡、黄河沿，绕扎陵湖、鄂陵湖，翻巴颜喀拉山，过玉树清水河，西渡通天河，到结古巴塘，溯子曲河上至杂多，沿入藏大道，过当曲，越唐古拉山口、至西藏聂荣、那曲，最后到达拉萨。

千百年来，唐蕃古道作为祖国内地通往西南边陲的大道，象是一条情谊缠绵的纽带，联结着藏汉人民友好团结的感情。这段历史可以追溯到汉朝时，因为早在那时，中原通往青海、西藏的大道就已基本形成。到公元七世纪中期，吐蕃首领松赞干布十分敬慕唐王朝的强大兴盛与中原汉族的灿烂文化，为了加强吐蕃与唐王朝的关系，公元634年，松赞干布派使臣前往大唐国都长安，拜见当时大唐皇帝唐太宗(李世民)，并请求联姻和好。公元641年，唐太宗派员专人护送文成公主远嫁吐蕃。文成公主沿唐蕃古道进藏途中，不仅播下了汉藏友好的种子，也揭开了唐蕃古道历史上非常重要而又影响深远的第一页。之后，公元720xx年，唐中宗景龙三年，应吐蕃之请，唐王朝又将金城公主嫁往吐蕃，从而有成为唐蕃古道上的又一桩盛事。此后，唐朝与吐蕃间使臣不断，贸易往来十分频繁。唐蕃古道迅速兴盛起来，并很快成为一条站驿相连、使臣仆仆、商贾云集的交通大道的。至今在古道经过的许多地方，仍然矗立着人们曾经修建的驿站、城池、村舍和古寺，遗留着人们世代创造的灿烂的文化遗存，传颂着数不清的反映藏汉人民友好往来的动人佳话。

唐蕃古道就是唐朝和吐蕃之间的交通大道，是我国古代历史上一条非常著名的道路，也是唐代以来中原内地去往青海、西藏乃至尼泊尔、印度等国的必经之路。著名的文成公主远嫁吐蕃王松赞干布走的就是这条大道。它的形成和畅通至今已有1300多年的历史。

公元七世纪初，在祖国中原地区，李世民父子创立李唐王朝。几乎与此同时，吐蕃王国在赞普松赞干布的率领下也迅速崛起，统一了西藏地区的许多部落，建立了强大的奴隶主专制政权，进而向北扩张，最后于公元663年攻灭吐谷浑，从而与唐王朝接界，互为邻壤。唐太宗贞观八年(公元634年)，松赞干布派使臣前往唐朝首都长安，拜见唐太宗，并请求联姻和好。唐太宗也派出使臣前往吐蕃回访，但未答应联姻。公元640年，松赞干布再次派大相(宰相)禄东赞携带金、白银及其他珠宝数百件，前往长安求婚，唐太宗审时度势，答应将自己的宗室女儿文成公主嫁给松赞干布。公元641年，唐太宗派江夏王李道宗作为国舅，专程护送文成公主远嫁吐蕃，双方结为甥舅之邦，揭开了唐蕃友好历史的新篇章。在此以后的220xx年中，双方虽然也曾发生过误会、摩擦甚至一时失和的情况，但和睦相处、友好往来却一直是唐蕃双方关系的主流。从吐蕃首次遣使来唐到两个王朝覆灭前夕，有据可查的使者往来就达19多次，可见双方关系的密切和频繁往来的情况。因此可以说这条古道的重大意义绝不仅仅限于道路本身，而在于当时乃至以后的漫长历史岁月里，它起着维系唐蕃甥舅情谊、加深和强化藏汉两大兄弟民族友好的重要桥梁和纽带的作用。

文成公主受父皇之命，带着大批卫队、侍女、工匠、艺人和大量绸缎、典籍、医书、粮食等嫁妆，从长安迤逦西行，经甘肃，到青海，过日月山，经大河坝，到达黄河源头。为了保障公主一路顺风，唐太宗命沿途官府修路架桥，造船制筏，建筑佛堂，开辟通道。松赞干布则亲自率领满朝官员与大队人马迎亲于柏海(即今扎陵湖和鄂陵湖)，并在此举行欢迎仪式。然后，松赞干布与文成公主结伴而行，前往逻些完婚。文成公主进藏途中不仅播撒下了汉藏友好的种子，也留下了众多的胜迹与美好的传说。文成公主远嫁吐蕃，不仅揭开了唐蕃古道历史上非常重要而又影响深远的第一页，而且作为唐朝与吐蕃之间的重大事件而载入史册。公元720xx年，即唐中宗景龙三年，应吐蕃之请，唐王朝又将金城公主许配给了赞普赤迭袒赞。金城公主又沿着文成公主进藏的道路嫁往吐蕃，成为唐蕃古道上的又一桩盛事。从文成公主嫁往吐蕃起，唐朝与吐蕃之间使臣不断，贸易往来十分频繁。唐蕃古道正是在这种情况下逐渐开辟、迅速兴盛起来，并且很快成为一条站驿相连、使臣仆仆、商贾云集的交通大道的。

唐蕃古道西段山高路险，气候严酷，至今仍然是人烟稀少的牧业地带。时至今日，在现代条件下，以车马代步，走起来也还是比较艰辛的事情。人们不难想见，当日文成公主进藏、使节商旅往来长途跋涉的困苦情景。

游客朋友们.大家好:

欢迎各位来河南观光游览!我叫.....是河南旅游集团的一名导游员,大家叫我小伟或者小耿就好,我代表我们河南旅游集团对大家的到来表示热烈的欢迎,在我身旁的是我们此次旅程的安全大使安师傅,安师傅具有多年的驾驶经验和娴熟的驾驶技能,我们的安全问题大家可以放心,在车上大家可以尽情欣赏沿途的风景,我们俩个都很荣幸也很乐意的为大家服务,在旅程之中,如果大家有什么意见或者是什么建议都可以给我们提出来,我们都会虚心的接受,尽心尽力给大家提供最好的服务，预祝各位河南旅游愉快，万事如意!

希望通过我的讲解能让南湾风景区给你留下深刻而美好的印象，俗话说“有缘千里来相会，百年修得同船渡”我们业可以是说是百年修得同车行吧!相聚就是一种缘分，我希望大家能够珍惜这份情谊，在相聚的时间里，相互关心，相互爱护，为这段旅程留下一段美好而难忘的回忆!

首先，请允许我为大家介绍一下河南的概况，河南省地处黄河中下游流域的中原腹地，简称“豫”，素有“中原”.“中州”之称，在16.7万平方公里的土地上生活着9800万的中原儿女，厚实的文化底蕴，神奇的古老土地，特殊的民族情结，优美的自然山水，使这里成为凝聚华夏文明的地方。古时，河南处于全国的政治.经济.文化中心地位长达3000余年，先是：九朝古都洛阳.七朝古都开封.殷商古都安阳和商都郑州。今日的河南改革步伐加快，以其特殊的战略地位，丰富的资源，四通八达的交通，灿烂的文化，快速发展的经济成为中国重要的省份之一，GDP连续多年保持全国第5名，中部首位，是我国第一大人口大省，第一农业大省，第一农产品转化大省，第一劳动力输出大省，俩句话：不到河南就不知道河南的过去，不到河南就不知道河南的现在!

中华之源，锦绣河南热切地欢迎你们的到来!

今天我们要参观的是洛阳龙门石窟风景区，洛阳是中国著名的历史名城，也是中国著名的九大古都之一，它像是一颗光辉灿烂的明珠闪烁在世界的东方，黄河是中华民族的摇篮，洛阳则是这个摇篮的中心，从商周到隋唐时期，洛阳曾是闻名世界的丝绸之路的东方起点，与欧洲、北非和西亚各国有着政治、经济、文化等方面的广泛交流。中国的传统文化儒、道、佛的产生和发展与洛阳密切相关，中国四大发明与洛阳息息相连，周易八卦在此发祥，老子在此著(道德经)，孔子问礼至此，有左思的(三都赋)曾使洛阳纸贵，班超出使西域，班固修改(汉书)。许慎作(说文解字)，蔡伦改进造纸术，张衡发明地动仪，北魏的孝文帝汉化改革，隋炀帝开凿大运河，司马光修改资治通鉴等等。洛阳因它居天下之中，易守难攻。所以，在中国几千年的历史长河中，众多的王朝先后在此建都，洛阳素以“九朝古都”闻名中外，所谓的九朝有两种含义：一是指众多的王朝，这一种说法不确切，在中国古代，讲究阴阳之说，单数为阳，九为至尊，它使虚数，泛指最大、最多的意思。二是指九个王朝，这种说法又不符合历史事实，究竟又多少个王朝建都洛阳呢?依据史实和专家考古的发现，认为有13个王朝在洛阳建都，但是又依据史料之记载，其实还有两个王朝在洛阳建都，一个是两汉，公元前220_年2月初三，刘邦在定陶称帝，史称两汉或者是前汉，刘邦称帝的当月，从定陶来到洛阳，在(资治通鉴)上有记载：“帝置酒洛阳南宫，评功论赏，文臣武将，皆大欢喜。”遂定都洛阳，五月间，齐人娄敬，路过洛阳，劝说刘邦迁都长安，另一个就是武国，武则天是中国历史上唯一的一位女皇帝，14岁入宫，立为才人，唐高宗李治即位后封为皇后，李治患高血压病后武后参政决事，群臣并称帝后为二圣，公元690年9月9日，武则天自立为帝，尊号圣神皇帝，改国号为周，将东都改为神都，武则天执政50年，居皇帝位20_年，以洛阳为都城，洛阳从中国第一个王朝夏朝算起，历时一千五百六十多年，是中国建都最早，历时时间最长，朝代最多的古都。

今天我要带领大家参观的是合肥著名景点——包公园，现在就请大家一起随我去看看吧!

在参观包公园之前，我首先为各位简单的介绍一下包公。包公，名拯字希仁，北宋庐州府人，是真宗仁宗的两朝名臣。公元999年，包拯出生于合肥小包村，28岁时考取进士，但是包拯却一度放弃了做官的机会。他认为：一个人在世如果对生养自己的父母都不能敬孝，那出仕为官，又谈何对朝廷尽忠呢?于是包拯遵循着“父母在，子不远游”的古训，在家尽孝十年，直至38岁才出任天长知县，后官至宋枢密副使。由于包拯为人以孝字当先，为官清正廉洁，刚正不阿;所以包拯去世后，宋仁宗赐予他“孝肃”这个谥号，后人尊称其为包公——包青天。

现在我们便已经来到了包公文化园的第一站——包公祠了。大家眼前所见到的这座包公祠是合肥的另外一位名人李鸿章与1882年时出资重新修建的;所以在老合肥的口中又有着“包家祠堂，李家修”的说法。走进包公祠，我们首先看到在正堂大门上书有“忠贤将相，道德名家”八个大字，这八个大字也是对包公一生的真实写照。进入正堂，空气中飘逸着缕缕青烟，包公坐像便端坐其中，在“色正芒寒”四个大字的映存之下包公坐像更显威严。在正堂中还有一副据说是和包公真人一比一的石浮雕像，从这幅雕像上我们不难看出，包公是一位身高大约一米六的文儒书生，而且相貌丑陋，长着一副鬼见了都怕的阴阳脸，但是包公那刚正不阿，铁面无私的形象早已深深地映入了百姓的心中，所以戏剧舞台上包公都是身材魁梧，黑面长髯的形象。

大家再请这边看：“后世子孙仕宦，有犯赃滥者，不得放归本家。亡殁之后，不得葬于大茔之中。不从吾志，非吾子孙。仰珙刊石，立于堂屋东壁，以诏后世。”这便是《包公家训》，包公正是用开除家籍这样严厉的方法来约束他的后人。在包公逝后，他的大儿子、二儿子、长孙都是当时非常有名的清官，世人皆尊称为“包公”。在包公祠中还建有包公蜡像馆，展示了包公流传于民间的断案故事，如：铡美案、打龙袍等。可是历史上的包公到底是什么样的呢?请大家再随我到包公历史文化长廊去看看吧。在历史文化长廊中我们展示了包公“端州掷砚”“庐州审舅”“出使契丹”等历史事件。其中还有一首包公的亲笔诗《书郡斋壁》：“清心为治本，直道是身谋。秀干终成栋，精钢不作钩。”这两句话也正是包公一生的座右铭……

参观了包公祠，再请大家随我前往包孝肃公墓园去看一看吧。进入墓园，我们穿过阙门、神门、我们便走在了神道上，在神道两侧分列了望柱、石羊、石虎、石人，神道的尽头就是包公神主所安放的享堂了。在享堂的正后方，有一座宋代方上式的墓冢，冢前有一碑，上刻“宋枢密副使包孝肃公拯之墓”，包公的遗骨便安放于此。包公不仅在中国被世人敬仰，称为“为政者之师”;在东亚、东南亚的许多国家包公更被尊为神明;在韩国，有两位中国名人备受推崇：一是孔子，二便是包公。

最后请大家随我来到清风阁，这座仿宋式楼阁是合肥人民在1999年纪念包公诞辰1000周年时修建的，登上清风阁的顶层，合肥十景之一的“包河秀色”便尽收眼底了……

蝴蝶泉，在大理城北40公里的苍山云弄峰下。由于长期的山水冲刷，砂石成片，山坡上树木稀少。但当你缓步上坡，行约半里，却见一片绿荫耀眼。走过古朴的石坊，迎面有一块高约3米的大理石碑挺立，碑呈棱形，正面右侧有郭沫若手书“蝴蝶泉”三个大字.左例刻郭老咏蝴蝶泉诗的手迹;碑的背面，书徐霞客游大理蝴蝶泉的一段日记。沿林荫小道曲折前行约三四十米，只见古树林立，浓荫蔽天，一方清泉嵌于其间，底铺青石，泉水明澈，常有人掷金属钱币于池中，观其缓缓旋落，阳光从树顶筛下，池底银光闪烁，倍感泉水清例。

泉池周围有大理石栏板，泉边一株高大古树横跨泉上，此树因花形似蝶，因此人们称为“蝴蝶树”。每当夏季来临，“蝴蝶树”开花，苍洱之间的蝴蝶成群来此聚汇，翻飞起舞，热闹非常。最奇的是万千彩蝶交尾相衔，倒挂横于泉止的蝴蝶树上，形成无数蝶串，垂至水面，五彩缤纷，蔚为壮观。最盛之期在农历四月十五日前后，所以农历四月十五日被定为“蝴蝶会”。

Wuyishan in Fujian Province was listed in the World Biosphere ReserveNetwork in 1988. It was listed in the world heritage list in December 1999.Wuyishan Scenic Spot is located in Wuyishan City, northwest of Fujian Province,about 15 kilometers south of the urban area and at the southeast foot of thenorthern section of Wuyishan mountains, with an area of about 70 squarekilometers. There is a typical Danxia landform. With hundreds of millions ofyears of natures uncanny workmanship, it has formed a beautiful scenery withsteep peaks, beautiful waters, clear water and Danfeng. The ancients said thatit has three or three wins in water and six or six odd peaks, so it is known asQixiu a. There are 36 peaks, 72 caves, 99 rocks and 108 scenic spots in WuyishanScenic Area. Not only has the scenery throughout the year, the four seasons aredifferent, and the weather is cloudy and sunny, the scenery of the mountains andrivers is also unpredictable and magnificent. Now it is divided into sevenscenic spots: Wuyi palace, Jiuqu River, Taoyuan cave, yunwo Tianyou, yixiantianhuxiaoyan, tianxinyan and shuilian cave. It has the wonders of Huangshan, thebeauty of Guilin, the power of taidai, the danger of Huayue and the beauty ofWest Lake.

The essence of Wuyishan scenery is in the nine bend brook. Jiuqu Riveroriginates from Sanbao mountain. Its water is blue and clear. It turns aroundthe mountain, forming the victory of Jiuqu mountain. Some of the most famouspeaks in Wuyi Mountain and the mysterious hanging coffin on the cliff are listedbeside Jiuqu River. There are also Yulin Pavilion, porcelain kiln site of SongDynasty, Wuyi palace and other tourist attractions in the scenic area, which areof great humanistic value. Wuyishan also has many places of interest, such asChongyou Wannian palace, Hongqiao and Jiagou boat coffin, as well as rareanimals and plants in the world. It is a national key nature reserve. There isalso a Wuyishan Nature Museum. Wuyi Mountain is also a famous historical andcultural mountain. The ancients said: Confucius and Qiu in the Eastern ZhouDynasty, Zhu Xi in the Southern Song Dynasty, Taiyue in the north and Wuyi inthe south. Zhu Xi, a neo Confucianist of the Southern Song Dynasty, lived herefor more than 40 years. He set up an account to teach disciples and wrote booksand theories, making it the cultural center of Southeast China and known asDaonan Li cave. Taoism also calls it the 16th cave. There are no less than 20__hymns written by literati and scholars in the past dynasties. There are morethan 400 inscriptions on the cliffs. These rich cultural and historical relicsalso add to the style of the famous mountains. The ancient Yue peoples boatcoffins, the ancient city ruins of the Han Dynasty, the ancient porcelain kilnruins of the Song Dynasty and the imperial tea garden of the Yuan Dynasty makeWuyishan a place for people to visit and explore ancient times.

Wuyishan Nature Reserve is the largest and most complete forest ecosystemin Southeast China. It has many peaks, dense primeval forest, magnificent,simple and beautiful scenery, and rich biological resources. It is included inthe United Nations human and nature reserve.

说是1959年发现并不很确切。因为在人们打开这个岩洞时，在它的石壁上看到几十则纪游题名，都是唐宋时代的，可见1000多前，它就被人们发现，并成为游览胜地，只是后来不知是什么原因，它又被封闭起来。因此，把1959年的发现称做再发现似更确切。

芦笛岩于1962年开放时，因当时全国开放游览岩洞为数不多，而芦笛岩又比较瑰丽，因此一下子名扬四海，被誉为"大自然艺术之宫"。芦笛岩洞内曲折上下，变化多端，洞内有大量的石乳、石笋、石柱、石幔、石花，并自然形成可以拟人拟物的自然景色。

七星岩是我国最早开放游览的岩洞之一。早在1700多年前就成了游览胜地，因此，洞中留下了不少题词。洞中有的`景点的名称，如"大象卷鼻"、"狮子戏球"、"仙人晒网"等，从明代起，一直流传到今天。明地理学家徐霞客曾两次进七星岩考察。七星岩的游程约800多米，最宽处43米，最高处27米，沿内温度常年的摄氏20度左右。解放后经全面修整，带团日记，铺设道路，装置灯光，游览称便。

各位游客大家好，欢迎来到岳麓山。我是您们的导游小王，今天我将带着大家游玩岳麓山。

岳麓山位于湖南省，长沙市，湘江西面。我们来到岳麓山脚下，走过拱形的大门，走着脚下的鹅卵石，就来到了美丽的爱晚亭。

爱晚亭顶上是由绿色的琉璃瓦筑成的，红色的柱子，绿色的栏杆。柱子上还有毛主席写的对联呢!一阵风吹过，爱晚亭两旁翠绿的柳树被风吹的沙沙作响，爱晚亭前的大胡也泛起了层层波纹，这个湖十分美丽，翠绿的湖面像一块碧绿的玉一样，清澈见底。爱晚亭中央还有许多座位和棋盘，供游客们休息和下棋。

走过爱晚亭，往一条小山路走去就来到了清风泉。

清风泉中有一个小井似的洞，接泉水的人们可以把水罐放在小洞里接水，泉水冰冰的，像从冰箱里拿出来似的，水十分清澈，听说喝下清风泉的水可以越活越年轻。

沿着清风泉旁的小山路上去，就可以到鸟语林里去游玩。鸟语林里有成百上千只稀有小鸟，比如猫头鹰，金钢鹰鹉，大嘴鸟等等，全是我们平常很难见到的鸟。

经过鸟语林再走一段路程就到了岳麓山的最顶峰了，站在岳麓山顶上可以看到整个大河西，到处都是一片繁华的景象。

游客们这次岳麓山之游就结束了，岳麓山还有很多美丽的景点，没有去过得朋友们有时间一定要去欣赏哦。