八阵图原文及翻译(通用20篇)

甲方(翻译人)：___________________

住址：_____________________________

乙方(委托人)：___________________

住址：_____________________________

作品(资料)名称：_________________

原作者姓名：_______________________

甲乙双方就上述作品(资料)的翻译达成如下协议：

一、乙方委托甲方在合同的有效期内，将上述作品翻译成中文。

二、甲方授予乙方在______________地方，享有上述作品中文版本的专有使用权。

三、上述作品的内容、篇幅、体例、图表、附录等，在翻译时应符合下列要求：

1.译文符合原作本意;

2.行文通顺流畅，无生涩硬造词汇;

3.文字准确，没有错误。

四、甲方应于_______年_______月_______日前将上述作品的译稿誊清后交付乙方。甲方因故不能按时交稿的，应在交稿期限届满前_______日内通知乙方，双方另行约定交稿日期。甲方到期仍不能交稿，乙方可以解除合同。

五、乙方尊重甲方确定的署名方式。乙方不得更动上述作品的名称，不得对作品进行修改、删节、增加。乙方如果要正式出版上述作品，必须征得甲方的同意，同时还必须征得原作者的同意。

甲方交付的稿件应有翻译者的签章。

六、乙方向甲方支付报酬的方式和标准为：

基本稿酬：每千字_______元(按中文稿计算)。

奖励稿酬：经专家审定，译稿质量较好，可按每千字_______元付给奖励稿酬。

七、乙方在合同签字后_______日内，向甲方预付上述酬金的_______%(元)，其余部分在译稿交付后，于_______日内付清。

八、甲方交付的稿件未达到本合同第三条约定的要求，而且甲方拒绝按照合同的约定修改，乙方有权终止合同，并要求甲方返还预付酬金。

九、双方因合同的解释或履行发生争议，由双方协商解决。协商不成，由_____________________仲裁机构裁决。

十、合同的变更及其他未尽事宜，由双方另行商定。

十一、本合同自签字之日起生效。本合同一式两份，双方各执一份为凭。

甲方(签章)：____________

乙方(签章)：____________

合同签订地点：____________

合同签订时间：____________

这个实习过程暴漏了单词量不够 ，这点对我来说影响很大， 比如经常会遇到一些单词 ，感觉见过但有不知道具体是什么意思只有浪费了很多时间。通过这次实践在以 后顶顶会注意多积累增加单词记忆量。 2. 对句子的分析能力不足,包括具子成分以及语法的欠缺导致了在翻译中的困难并且犯错。英语句子成分只是英语语法中的一小部分,而且平时的考试也不会考, 以前并没有注意到这一点。3. 我在速度方面的不足。在这儿我主要谈的是打印时的翻译速度因为看电子版本，首先是费眼睛时间长了眼睛会很花，所以会感到比较的疲劳总是不能坚持下去。其次，是我本身对电脑键盘的熟练程度还不够经常会打错字。不过在以后的学习 和工作中我会不断提高自己在这方面的能力把自己的翻译速度尽最大努力提上来。

这次的翻译实习对我来说是次绝佳的挑战。经过这次的学习后我发现自己的心静了很多，所以，什么都是一步一步来的，习惯和心态也是慢慢培养训练出来的。认真和努力了这就已经足够了。在以后的学习和工作中，我要有一个良好的心态，不刻意追求事情的完美 一直加油努力就好。 不管最后的结果怎样 我都会坦然去面对。 最后对魏老师和张老师对我的帮助以及指导我要深表感谢。总之一句话这次翻译让我收益匪浅，一定会对以后的道路会有所帮助。

甲方：______________翻译有限公司

乙方：__________________有限公司

根椐《经济合同法》及有关规定，按照双方平等互利和自愿原则，为明确甲、乙双方权利义务，经双方协商一致，签订本合同，以资共同信守。

一、乙方委托甲方提供____名____语口译员担任____类____翻译工作，甲方接受乙方委托。

二、乙方选定口译员后，自____年____月____日开始任用，任用期(包括为期____天的试用期，在试用期内乙方不满意口译人员翻译的，有权要求甲方于试用期内换人。)至____年____月____日结束，共计______天。工作地点为_____________________。

三、译员承担因自身差错所造成的安全责任，非译员自身差错所造成的安全责任由乙方承担;译员应尽力注意和防范安全事故，乙方应提请译员注意安全事项并提供必要的防范手段。乙方负责安排并承担译员的食宿交通费用，译员的住宿标准为________________，膳食标准为____________________。

四、译员服务时间为每周5天工作制，每天8小时，按国家有关规定休假。需要加班时乙方与译员自行协调。译员工作时间以_____的考勤为依据。

五、双方议定正常上班翻译费为________元/日，平时加班按________/小时加班工资计费，节假日按________/小时加班工资计费，加班费用以译员实际加班时间计算。

六、付款方式：双方签订合约后，乙方先向甲方预付_____天试用期工资，试用合格后乙方需向甲方预付____翻译费作定金。乙方在____月____日前支付所发生的费用，如有延误，乙方应每天支付5%的滞纳金。定金在最后结清时冲抵翻译费用，最后结清时甲方提供全额服务业税务发票。

七、译员应尽力提供正确无误的翻译。如甲方提供的译员在服务过程中出现不能胜任翻译、严重违反乙方规章或向外籍人员收取小费的情况，乙方有权立即停止译员服务并及时通知甲方更换译员，更换后仍不能胜任或仍严重违反乙方规章的，乙方有权终止合同。因上述原因更换译员而产生的交通费用由甲方承担，因上述原因更换译员最长缺勤期限为____天。

八、双方对在本合同履行过程中所获知的对方秘密必须严格保守，未经对方同意不得向任何第三方泄露。

若在合同期限内任务提前结束，乙方应提前____天通知甲方终止合同。若在合同期限内甲方确定提供不了译员，甲方应提前____天通知乙方终止合同。若在合同预定翻译任务完成后，乙方另需甲方提供翻译服务，则双方就合同的各项条款另行商定。

九、双方如遇到非人为因素而导致不能履行合同或有未尽事宜，应及时协商解决。

十、双方应恪守本合同。如有违约，违约方应承担本合同约定的和国家有关法规规定的赔偿责任。因对本合同有异议或在履行本合同过程中产生争议，双方应友好协商解决，协商不成的，任何一方均有权提请___________仲裁，仲裁是终局性的，对合同双方都有约束力。

十一、1.本合同(含传真件文本)自双方签字盖章之日起生效至履行完毕时终止。

2.此合同一式两份，甲、乙双方各执一份。

甲方代表：(盖章)____________

联系电话：____________________

地址：________________________

签订日期：_______年___月____日

乙方代表：(盖章)____________

联系电话：____________________

签订日期：_______年____月___日

要想成为合格的合同翻译者，译员必须认真研究学习合同范X和相关知识，并进行大量的合同翻译实践。下面是小编搜集的关于委托翻译合同范XX篇，希望对你有所帮助。

委托翻译合同范X

(一)

甲方：

乙方：

关于乙方接受甲方委托，进行资料翻译事宜，经甲乙双方同意，签订以下翻译合同。

1.翻译服务范围:乙方负责甲方项目的所有宣传，产品资料的翻译工作，乙方负责安排专业翻译人员和外籍校对人员保障翻译质量。

2.交稿时间：甲，乙双方根据项目情况商议交稿时间，甲方尽量给足乙方翻译时间，具体时间按单项交接协议为准。

3.若甲方要求乙方加急翻译，甲方在原收费基础上加一倍支付翻译费，按协议字数计算。每小时要求翻译超过600字符数，则为加急件。(按电脑工具栏字数统计的

4.翻译类型为：英译中中译英。

5. 字数计算：无论是英文翻译成中文，还是中文译成英文，均按电脑工具栏字数统计的

6.小件翻译:不足1000字超过500字按1000字计算，不足500字按1000字费用的50%计算。

7. 笔译价格(单位：B千字)中译英

8.校正费用：甲方提供基本合乎翻译标准的资料，乙方的校正费用为(单位：B千字正后所导致的翻译纠纷由双方承担。

9.翻译文件至少达到3000字可由乙方排版，低于3000字请由甲方自行排版。

10. 付款方式：每月月底根据交稿单的内容来统一核算乙方的翻译费用，每月号汇款到账。乙方账户：开户行帐号

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1.甲方权利与义务

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1、甲方向乙方提供翻译资料，作为乙方翻译的工作内容。

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2、甲方向乙方保证所提供的文稿已取得版权或许可，文稿中没有任何容易引起刑事或民事纠纷的内容。文稿中对于不合理或违反中华人民共和国法律法规或国际法或国际惯例的服务要求，乙方有权予以拒绝。

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3、甲方如对乙方译稿有异议，甲方有权在取稿之日起____日内向乙方提出修改意见，乙方应按甲方要求在规定的时间内进行修改、校对，直至甲方满意为止。稿件满意度以措辞准确，文句调理清楚，无官方翻译错误为准。

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4、乙方应尽量避免翻译的偏差。因乙方翻译失误而引起损失，甲方有权追究其责任。因甲方提供材料失当导致的翻译错误应有甲方全权承担，因由乙方自身翻译失误所带来的经济损失由乙方承担印刷部分经济责任，并且甲方应当提供与印刷商合作的相关价目详表。

委托翻译合同范X

(二)

甲方： 乙方：

关于乙方接受甲方委托，进行资料翻译事宜，经甲乙双方同意，签订以下翻译合同。

1. 稿件说明:

文稿名称：

翻译类型为：英译中中译英

总翻译费为：

交稿时间：

2. 字数计算：

无论是外文翻译成中文。还是中文译成外文，都以汉字字数计价，按电脑工具栏字数统计的字符数(不计空格)为准。小件翻译:不足1000字按1000字计算.

3. 笔译价格(单位：B千字)

中译英___元 英译中___元

4. 付款方式

签订合同之日甲方支付总翻译费的50%即人民币_____元，甲方接收译稿后____日内支付全部翻译费余款。

5. 翻译质量：

乙方翻译稿件需准确，通顺，简洁得体。一旦出现质量问题，乙方有义务无偿为甲方修改一到两次。力求满足甲方要求。如果因质量问题发生冲突，应该提请双方认可的第三方评判，或直接申请仲裁

6. 原稿修改与补充：

如甲方原稿修改，而需乙方对译文作相应修改，根据修改程度酌量收取改稿费，或在收取原稿翻译费后，对修改稿按单价重新计费。如补充翻译，则另行收费。中止翻译：如甲方在乙方翻译过程中，要求中止翻译，甲方须根据乙方的翻译进度，按乙方已经翻译的字数，以协定的单价计算翻译费给乙方

7. 交稿方式:

乙方可根据具体需要，采取以下交稿方式中的任一种来交稿：打印稿、电脑软盘、传真、电子邮件。

8. 版权问题：

乙方对于甲方委托文件内容的版权问题不负责，由甲方负全责. 保密性:乙方以翻译为业，遵守翻译职业道德，对其译文的保密性负责。

本合同一式二份，双方各执一份，授权人签字，盖章生效。传真件有效。

甲方：(签章) 乙方：(签章)

委托翻译合同范X

(三)

甲方：

住所地：

乙方：

住所地：

甲乙双方根据《中华人民共和国民法典》等相关法律法规，遵循自愿、平等、诚实信用的基本原则，就甲方委托乙方进行文字翻译事宜，协商一致订立本合同,由双方共同遵守执行。

第1条 定义

本合同有关用语的含义如下：

1.1 原文：指甲方委托乙方，按照本合同的约定提供给乙方的未翻译文本。

1.2 译文：指乙方接受甲方的委托，按照本合同的约定向甲方提供的翻译文本。

1.3 字数统计标准：中文翻译成外文，按照中文字符数统计。外文翻译成中文，按照稿件翻译完成后的中文字符数统计。若中文之外其它语种互译，按照原文字数乘以2得出最终字数。

1.4 字数统计方法：依次打开XX公司中文d办公软件菜单栏工具字数统计，按照弹出的字数统计框所显示：如果中外互译，按照字数统计框中字符数(不计空格)项所显示的字符数为准。若中文之外其他语种互译，则按照字数统计框中字数项所显示的字数为准。

1.5 长期客户：系指甲方与乙方签订________年或________年以上《委托翻译合同》中的甲方。

委托翻译合同范X

(四)

甲方:

乙方:

经甲乙双方友好协商，现就甲方委托给乙方完成的申报中文材料翻译成英文材料事项签订如下合同。

一、翻译稿件名称：材料。具体包括：

1、拟建考察报告(含建设发展规划及规划图册);

2、申报书;

3、申报自评报告;

4、风光片解说词。

二、工作时间：甲方于________年____月____日前将需翻译的中文定稿材料交付乙方。乙方应于________年____月____日前将翻译好的英文成稿交付甲方。

三、交稿方式：乙方应向甲方提供英文成稿打印件及电子文本(文件格式：ceda

9.0排版)各一份。

四、合同总金额：合同全部工作任务总费用为元，大写人民币元整。甲方在签订合同之日起向乙方支付万元，余款在乙方交付成稿并经甲方验收后一次性结清。

五、翻译质量：乙方保证翻译成稿质量，做到忠实原文、翻译准确、语句通顺、行文流畅，达到甲方提供给乙方的《综合报告》(英文版)的翻译水平。如双方对译文水平发生争议，由双方共同认可的第三方进行评判。

六、其它事项：乙方负责为甲方在申报国际评审会上作英文陈述，陈述费用不再另付。乙方在申报材料的英文翻译稿进行电脑排版时，需就排版格式等有关问题与甲方提供的印刷厂技术员进行联系沟通，以保证英文成稿的电子文本符合甲方印刷要求。

七、本合同自签订之日起具有法律效力，双方应共同遵守，否则由违约方赔偿对方由此造成的一切损失。

八、本合同未尽事宜，由双方友好协商解决。

九、本合同壹式肆份，甲乙双方各执贰份，具有同等法律效力。

甲方(签章)：乙方(签章)：

委托翻译合同范X

(五)

委托方(甲方)：中华人民共和国山东贾氏伟业农牧开发有限公司 受托方(乙方)：蒙古

依据蒙古有关法律的规定,就甲方委托乙方进行翻译事项，经协商一致，签订本合同。

一、翻译服务的内容与要求

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1.基本原则：

乙方根据甲方开展业务活动需要，进行现场口译及文字资料的翻译工作，并保质翻译的准确性，保障甲方在蒙古____省乔巴山市的农业项目开发活动顺利进展。

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2.主要服务内容：

a.甲方可根据项目进展需要，要求乙方提供现场口译服务。

b.乙方应对甲方项目开发中的所有文字材料进行翻译。

二、工作条件和协作事项

甲方应向乙方提供公司的基本资料，乙方应向甲方提供资质证明复印件。

三、履行期限、地点和方式

自合同签订之日起，乙方应随时随地服从甲方的工作安排，提供翻译服务，

四、费用及其支付方式

甲方同意按时向乙方支付翻译服务费，费用标准为：口译每小时 9000 图，文字材料翻译每千字 36000 图。甲方须每月对乙方的服务费用进行结清。

五、保密事项

乙方承诺：涉及甲方商业秘密的内容，未经甲方同意，乙方不能泄露给无任何投资合作意向的第三方;未经甲方同意，乙方在完成文字翻译材料后不留存甲方属于商业秘密的技术文件与资料。

六、争议的解决

在执行本协议中所发生的或与本协议有关的一切争执，首先应由甲方和乙方友好协商解决。若协商不能解决，双方均可诉至当地法院寻求解决。

八、本合同自签订之日起生效。(此合同传真有效，修改无效)

甲方： 中华人民共和国 山东贾氏伟业农牧开发有限公司 乙方：蒙古

签字：

签字：

电话： 电话：____日期： ________年 11____月 1____日

暑期特色饮食翻译服务队纠错实践活动总结

舌尖“译”文化 豫味“新”彰显

在经济全球化的进程中，中英双语标识在社会各行各业已然屡见不鲜，在为外国游客提供方便的同时也存在着许多英文的不规范翻译。我校舌尖上的“译”文化特色饮食翻译志愿服务队结合专业特色，将调研目标锁定于餐饮行业。针对特色饮食双语翻译中出现的错误，队员们对xx市、xx市部分饭店等餐饮场所进行翻译纠错工作。

7月11至17日，、分队先后赴xx市国际饭店、美食和xx市合记烩面、食府等特色饭店进行调研。在此过程中，队员们发现：许多菜品的英文翻译中没有凸显菜系的制作特色，使菜品对顾客的吸引力大打折扣。如美食招牌菜之“糖醋软熘黄河鲤鱼焙面”，英文翻译为braised huanghe river carp with noodle 其中braised（炖熟的、焖熟的）在此翻译中用法欠妥，并没有突出此招牌菜的“糖醋软熘”特色。另外，许多饭店采用英文直译方式对菜品进行翻译，中文式的英语表达却使外国顾客看完菜单后一头雾水。还有许多饭店的店名出现明显拼写错误，如徐福祥饭店把“stewed noodles”错写成“stewet noodles”，这对于推广特色饮食无疑会产生不利影响。

针对以上英文翻译中出现的问题，队员们归纳总结了几种翻译方法：以主料为主、配料为辅的翻译法；以烹饪方法为主、原料为辅的翻译法；侧重形状、口感的直观翻译法及以充分体现中国餐饮文化为目的的汉语拼音法。经过一周的菜名翻译纠错工作，队员们于7月18日再次奔赴各大饭店，将菜品名称的正确译名交予饭店负责人，并赠予其自制的环保袋和印有双语标语的小卡片，[第一范文 ]受到了各饭店工作人员的感谢和高度赞扬。

同时，队员们在各调研饭店向就餐顾客发放“关于特色饮食翻译调查问卷”，以进一步了解广大群众对特色饮食双语翻译的看法及意见。其中一位顾客对服务队的工作表示支持和赞扬：“现在许多西式餐厅中的菜品都有对应的中文解释，而我们中国饮食文化底蕴如此深厚也不能落后，应该有相应的外语翻译，让更多外国人了解中国饮食文化。”

在整个实践过程中，无论是前期准备、实地调研还是后期材料整理、回访反馈，队员们都秉着真诚、谦恭的态度，努力把实践活动做出成果，以推动特色饮食翻译规范化，有效提升特色饮食的文化品位。

Hello，every one!(大家好)

My name is 。 (我叫)

Im a 15 years old boy。 (我是一个15岁的男孩)(具体状况自我改)

I live in the beautiful city of Rizhao。(我住在美丽的Rizhao城)(你能够把Rizhao改成自我家乡的城市的名称的拼音)

Im an active ，lovely and clever boy。(我是一个活跃的可爱的聪明的男孩)

In the school ， my favourite subject is maths 。 (在学校，我最喜欢数学)

Perhaps someone thinks its difficult to study well 。(也许有些人认为这很难学)

But I like it。(但我喜欢他)

I belive that if you try your best， everything can be done well。(我相信每件事付出努力就会有害结果)

I also like sports very much。(我也很喜欢运动)

Such as，running，volleyball and so on。 (像跑步、排球等等)

Im kind-hearted。(我很热心)

If you need help ，please e to me 。(如果你需要帮忙，就来找我)

I hope we can be good friends!(我期望我们能成为好朋友)

OK。This is me 。A sunny boy。(好了，这就是我，一个阳光男孩)

尊敬的领导：

您好!

首先，非常感谢您这几个月来对我的信任和关照。

这段时间，我认真回顾了这三个月来的工作情况，觉得来到__工作是我的幸运，我一直非常珍惜这份工作，这几个月以来领导对我的关心和细心教导，同事们对我的帮助让我感激不尽。

在__的工作中，让我学到很多东西，无论是从专业技能还是做人方面都有了很大的提高，感谢领导对我的关心和培养，对于我此刻的离开我只能表示深深的歉意。非常感激__给予了我这样的工作和锻炼机会。我辞职的原因，是因为工资太低无法保障自己的生活，刚好此时有个机会，我想打算试试看，所以我决定辞职，请您们支持。

请您谅解我做出的决定，我很遗憾不能为一保辉煌的明天贡献自己的力量。我只有衷心祝愿一保的业绩一路飙升!希望领导们及各位同事工作顺利!

辞职人：___

20_年_月_日

乙方：

(甲方)聘请(乙方)担任在北京举办的“研修班”和“研修班”两项活动中法交传传译和笔译工作，经甲、乙双方协商，就有关事项达成如下协议：

1. 工作安排：

研修班：年月日到 月 日(授课时间约 天)。 研修班：年月日至 月 日(授课时间约 天)。 注：乙方只参加研修班授课时的翻译工作(共计约天)和甲方要求的会议材料的笔译工作。

2. 工作报酬：

口译：4000元(税后)/每个工作日。每个工作日指上午和下午的授课时间(含讨论交流)。如需晚上(18:00以后)加班，则另计加班费，每加班一个小时按照1000元计。

笔译：中译法，每千字中文原稿的翻译费为税后300元(不含标点符号)。法译中，翻译费按中文译稿的字数计费(不含标点符号)，每千字同样为税后300元。

3. 付款方式：

乙方在每个研修班结束后与甲方签署“译员口译工作时间及文字翻译数量确认单”作为结款依据，在甲方客户认可乙方工作的基础上，甲方将于会议结束后5个工作日内全额支付上述款项，以银行转帐的形式将翻译费用打入译员帐户中或现金支付。乙方收到翻译费时，按甲方要求签署领款单和个人所得税明细表。

4. 工作条件：

译员在工作地点有一间单独客房作为休息及翻译工作准备地点。 口译工作，甲方应在适当时间内提前向乙方提供相关资料，以供乙方做好准备。

笔译工作，甲方应提前向乙方提供需要翻译的文稿，以使乙方有合理充分的时间完成翻译任务。

5. 乙方职责：

乙方负责承担甲方组织的研修班期间翻译工作。乙方在会议召开前认真阅读会议相关材料，做好翻译前期准备工作，确保准确、及时、清晰，为甲方提供高质量的同声翻译服务。乙方应在上课前10分钟到达教室，进行设备调试和翻译准备。如有译员届时因不可抗力原因无法到场，乙方负责找到同等资历的译员予以替代，并在事前征得甲方的同意，此种情况不可超过总口译工作量的10%。译员需严格遵守职业道德，对非公开的会议内容予以保密。

6.甲、乙双方任何一方的过失，造成协议不能履行或给对方造成损失，违约方需赔偿对方的损失。如甲方在签署协议后无故取消本次工作，应向乙方赔偿约定翻译费的一半金额作为补偿。如乙方译员由于各人原因不出席此次活动，或在会议活动中出现重大翻译失误影响会议的正常进行，应同样向甲方赔偿约定翻译费的一半金额，或未完成翻译量的翻译费的一半金额作为补偿。

7. 未尽事宜，甲、乙双方友好协商解决。

8. 本合同一式两份，双方各执一份，具有同等效力，自签字盖章之日起生效，至双方履行完义务后终止。

甲方： 乙方：

代表(签字)： 译员签字：

日期： 年 月 日 日期： 年月 日

关于世界经典中英文翻译广告词的整理

如今大街小巷都会看到广告，英语是是国际通用语言，很多广告采用中英文形式，小编为大家提供世界经典中英文翻译的广告词，欢迎阅读。

The taste is great 味道好极了。(雀巢咖啡)

Feel the new space 感受新境界。(三星电子)

Intelligence everywhere智慧演绎，无处不在。(摩托罗拉手机)

The choice of a new generation新一代的选择。(百事可乐)

We integrate, you communicate我们集大成，您超越自我。(三菱电工)

Take TOSHIBA, take the world拥有东芝，拥有世界。(东芝电子)

Let’s make thing btter让我们做得更好。(飞利浦电子)

No business too small, no problem too big

没有不做的小生意，没有解决不了的大问题。(IBM公司)

M&Ms melt in your mouth, not in your hand(M&Ms) 只溶在口，不溶在手。(M&M巧克力)

Good to the last drop (Maxwell) 滴滴香浓，意犹未尽。(麦氏咖啡)

Impos*le made pos*le使不可能变为可能。(佳能打印机)

Take time to indulge 尽情享受吧!(雀巢冰激凌)

The relentless pursuit of perfection不懈追求完美。(凌志轿车)

Poetry in motion, dancing close to me动态的诗，向我舞近。(丰田汽车)

Come to where the flavor is Marlboro Country

光临风韵之境——万宝路世界。(万宝路香烟)

To me, the past black and white, but the future is always color

对我而言，过去平淡无奇;而未来，却是绚烂缤纷。(轩尼诗酒)

Just do it 只管去做。(耐克运动鞋)

Ask for more 渴望无限。(百事流行鞋)

每天有约会——精彩每一天。(雀巢咖啡);

生日大聚餐——美好时光，美味共享……(麦当劳快餐);

好不容易从失恋中解脱——原来生活可以更美的。(美的空调);

朋友间的承诺——真诚到永远!(海尔电器);

面对导师的赞赏，常说——让我们做得更好!(飞利浦电器);

应付别人的指责，常说——我就是我……(雪碧饮料);

Time is what you make of it (Swatch) 天长地久。(斯沃奇手表)

Make yourself heard (Ericsson) 理解就是沟通。(爱立信)

Start ahead (Rejoice) 成功之路，从头开始。(飘柔)

Things go better with Coca-Cola (Coca-Cola) 饮可口可乐，万事如意。(可口可乐)

Connecting People(Nokia) 科技以人为本。(诺基亚)

A diamond lasts forever (De Bierres) 钻石恒久远，一颗永流传。(第比尔斯)

Mosquito Bye Bye Bye (RADAR) 蚊子杀杀杀。(雷达牌驱虫剂)

A Kodak Moment (Kodak) 就在柯达一刻。(柯达相纸/胶卷)

校园“光棍俱乐部”——男人的世界!(金利来服饰);

大学生正常消费——不买贵的，只选对的。(雕牌洗衣粉);

Good to the last drop滴滴香浓，意犹未尽。(麦斯威尔咖啡)

Obey your thirst 服从你的渴望。(雪碧)

The new digital era 数码新时代。(索尼影碟机)

We lead Others copy我们领先，他人仿效。(理光复印机)

九月十日写给导师的贺卡——我们的光彩，来自你的风采。(沙宣洗发水);

大学生与他们的父母——沟通无极限……(康佳移动电话);

一个星期突击复习，搞定所有考试——就是这样自信!(飘柔洗发水);

考试作弊高手——天外有天……(红塔集团);

寝室电脑无病毒——健康新概念。(LG空调);

就业偏向外企——非常可乐，非常选择!(非常可乐)。

Beijing is our capital city which is famous for its long history. Now wehave a one-day tour plan for you.

In the morning, you can start the day at the Great Wall. Its one of thegreatest wonders in the world. Its so magnificent that you cant go to Beijingwithout visiting the Great Wall. At noon, you can go to the Summer Palace. Thereare so many interesting sites, such as Wanshou Mountain, Kunming Lake, SuzhouStreet, and some other ancient palaces. So you can climb Wanshou Mountain first.The view on the top is so wonderful. Next, you can go boating on Kunming Lake,and then, walk on Suzhou Street to enjoy the life of regions south of theYangtze River. In the afternoon, you can go to have a long walk on TiananmanSquare, in order to see the city well, and then you can visit the Palace Museum.There you can see different objects of different periods. They are of greatvalue. In the evening, the Front Gate Walking Street is a good place to go whereyou can buy various kinds of souvenirs and clothes. Most buildings there havethe traditional Chinese styles. Maybe you can know some history of ancientBeijing.

Wish you a nice trip.

Mum

妈妈

Such is sons‘ nature,I really do not know how to express my thanks to you.However,I can imagine,on the day 18 years ago,when you gave birth to me,what a complex feeling you had.In the past few years,every day you struggle me up in the morning and prepare breakfast for me,then in the afternoon,you always welcome your only son with delicious foods after a day‘s hardwork.Now your son has been 18 and will go to university soon,like a bird is leaving its parents.Nevertheless,your footprints on my heart will never ever fade and-----I love you mum!

这是儿子的天性，我真的不知道该怎样来表达我对你的感谢。然而，我可以想象，20xx年前的那一天，当你生下我时的那种复杂的感觉。在过去的几年里，每天早上你拽我起床并煮早餐给我吃，然后下午，在你辛苦一天工作后，你总是用美味的食物欢迎你唯一的儿子。现在你的儿子已经18岁了，不久就要上大学,就像一只正在离开父母的鸟。然而,你们的足印将永存我的心里——我爱你妈妈!

your son

你的儿子

My name is --,Im 12 years old.I come from -- primary school.I think Im a kind and confident girl.I like all the subject that I will learn this year,and I try my best to lear English well all the time.

I like listening to pop songs and singing.Ive been learning dance for 4 years.I think these hobby will be good for my future.I got on well with my classmates and my teachers when I was in the primary school,Im glad to meet all the people in our class.Lets be friends!

甲方：_________________________

乙方：_________________________

甲乙双方经友好协商，就乙方为甲方提供翻译服务达成协议如下：

1.标的

_________________________________________________________

2.期限

乙方须在_______年_______月_______日前交付完成第1条规定的译稿。

3.译稿的交付形式

译稿可以磁盘、电子邮件、传真或打印形式交付。打印费为贰元/张，打印费为_______元。如需送稿，送稿费为_______元。

4.翻译费和排版设计费

以中文为基础确定翻译费。对于可用电脑确定字数的翻译，单价为每千字人民币_______元，总字数为 _______，翻译费为_______，翻译费=单价x总字数/1000。字数为word文件中，菜单“工具”的“字数统计”的“字符数(不计空格)”所显示的数字。当原稿为复印件、传真件等，无法由计算机统计字数时，单价为 _______元/页，原稿页数为_______，翻译费为_______元。翻译完成后，乙方根据本条款计算出翻译费。排版设计费为_______元。

5.总价

总价为翻译费、排版设计费、打印费和送稿费的合计，为______________元。

6.定金

为保证本合同的履行，在签订本合同的同时， 甲方须向乙方支付定金______________元。翻译完成后，定金作为总价的一部分，折抵总价款。

7.付款

当甲方支付第5条规定的总价款后，乙方即交付译稿。

8.质量保证

乙方保证译文通顺、准确，并努力做到文字优美。交付译稿后，乙方有责任继续跟踪译文的质量，并向甲方免费提供有关咨询。

9.保密条款

乙方承诺，除乙方工作人员因翻译需要接触甲方文件外，不向任何第三方泄露甲方文件的内容。否则，甲方有权追究乙方因泄密而导致的法律责任。

10.文本份数

本合同一式两份，双方各执一份，具有同等法律效力。

11.其它

_______________________________________________________________

甲方：____________________

代表签字：________________

盖章：____________________

日期：____________________

乙方：____________________

代表签字：________________

盖章：____________________

日期：____________________

委托方(甲方)：中华人民共和国山东贾氏伟业农牧开发有限公司

受托方(乙方)：蒙古国_X公司

依据蒙古国有关法律的规定,就甲方委托乙方进行翻译事项，经协商一致，签订本协议。

一、翻译服务的内容与要求

1.1.基本原则：乙方根据甲方开展业务活动需要，进行现场口译及文字资料的翻译工作，并保质翻译的准确性，保障甲方在蒙古国东方省乔巴山市的农业项目开发活动顺利进展。

1.2.主要服务内容：

a.甲方可根据项目进展需要，要求乙方提供现场口译服务。

b.乙方应对甲方项目开发中的所有文字材料进行翻译。

二、工作条件和协作事项甲方应向乙方提供公司的基本资料，乙方应向甲方提供资质证明复印件。

三、履行期限、地点和方式自协议签订之日起，乙方应随时随地服从甲方的工作安排，提供翻译服务，

四、费用及其支付方式甲方同意按时向乙方支付翻译服务费，费用标准为：口译每小时9000图，文字材料翻译每千字36000图。甲方须每月对乙方的服务费用进行结清。

五、保密事项乙方承诺：涉及甲方商业秘密的内容，未经甲方同意，乙方不能泄露给无任何投资合作意向的第三方;未经甲方同意，乙方在完成文字翻译材料后不留存甲方属于商业秘密的技术文件与资料。

六、争议的解决在执行本协议中所发生的或与本协议有关的一切争执，首先应由甲方和乙方友好协商解决。若协商不能解决，双方均可诉至当地法院寻求解决。

七、本协议自签订之日起生效。(此合同传真有效，修改无效)

甲方：中华人民共和国山东贾氏伟业农牧开发有限公司乙方：蒙古国_X公司

签字：签字：

电话：电话：

日期：20_年11月1日

翻译协会外语翻译纠错大赛策划书

活动引言：

为xx年上海世博会创造良好的语言环境,为浙江省各个城市及旅游景点的标识与路牌翻译提供建设性意见,为进一步提高我省的国际形象，杭州市翻译协会决定举办浙江省首届公示语外语纠错大赛。

主办单位：杭州市翻译协会

协办单位：浙江工业大学外国语学院、浙江大学城市学院外国语学院

时间：xx年7月—9月

具体活动内容如下：

一、前期筹备阶段：xx年7月7日至31日

（1）起草策划书，确定赛事细则，组织方式等等。

（2）讨论通过，筹备成立大赛组委会。

二、组织与宣传阶段：5月8日至6月中旬

（1）由杭州市翻译协会秘书处在杭州市翻译协会网站上开辟赛事专栏，进行全程宣传。

（2）大赛组委会秘书处全面开展工作，采用书面资料、口头传达、海报、网站、论坛等多种方式进行宣传，向各高校分发大赛方案及邀请函

（3）各参赛院校负责本院校宣传

三、比赛阶段：7月上旬—9月下旬

（1）各参赛选手于此期间（暑假）各自收集资料，可以是路标、地名、店名、旅游景点介绍等各类涉及到外语翻译的公示语。对于出现错误的公示语，进行实地拍摄，于9月25日之前将图片上交到大赛组委会秘书处，并同时提供相应的修改稿（样稿可到杭州市翻译协会网站纠错大赛专栏下载）。各参赛选手可以有指导老师进行翻译指导

（2）可提供图片的电子版，如系扫描的图片，精度/分辨率应达到300线以上，也可寄送图片原片（黑白片或彩色片均可），原片应该影像清晰，扫描后应能达到印刷要求

（3）所有图片均需配图片说明，讲清图中内容发生地点，指明图中公示语翻译的错误，并附上自己的译文

（4）由大赛评委团进行评选，最后选出特等奖1名，一等奖5名，二等奖10名，三等奖20名，优秀指导奖5名，我们将为获奖者颁发证书及奖品。获奖者有可能获得实习并成为杭州市翻译协会学生会员的机会。

四、评比阶段：10月1日至30日。评比结果出来后，我们将在杭州举办颁奖仪式。

五、成果结集阶段：11月至12月。我们将把优秀内容结集印刷，向社会发放。

六、参赛要求：除上述所提及的内容外，具体参赛细则将另行制定。

七、评比办法：除上述所提及的内容外，具体评比细则将另行制定。

八、其他参赛事项：

1. 以浙江省内广大市民为参赛对象，年龄不限,学历不限，专业不限，语种不限，可以以个人名义参赛也可以组队参赛,人数不限；

2、评委人选：由杭州市翻译协会邀请组织评委团。

3、奖励：奖励细则将另行制定。

九、颁奖仪式：具体颁奖仪式将另行制定。

杭州市翻译协会秘书处

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授予翻译权合同

乙方(出版者)： 国籍： 地址：(主营业所或住址)：

合同签订日期： 地点：

鉴于甲方拥有(作者姓名)(下称"作者)的作品(书名)(下称"作品")第(版次)的著作权，双方达成协议如下：

第一条 甲方授予乙方在保同有效期内，在(国家、地区)以图书形式用(文字)翻译 、出版 册(印数)上述作品译本(下称"译本"的专有使用权。

第二条 甲方保证拥有第一条授予乙方的权利。如因上述权利的行使侵犯他人菱权，甲方 承担全部责任并赔偿因此给乙方造成的损失，乙方可以终止合同。

第三条 为翻译的目的，甲方应免费向乙方在 在内提供上述作品的 本加工副本。

第四条 乙方根据本合同第十七条的规定，为获得出版译本的权利，向甲方支付报酬，支 付方式为：

(一)版税： (货币单位)[译本定价x %(版税率)x销售数(或印数)];(例 如文学作品8%，科技作品10%)或

(二)一次性付酬：(货币单位)(例如文学作品每千字20元，科技伤口每千字25元) 如果译本的最后定价高出预计定价，乙方应在译本出版后按%增加向甲方支付的报酬。

乙方在本合同签订后 月内，向甲方预付 %版税，其余版税开出版后第 月结算期分期支付，或在 月内一次付清。

第五条 乙方负责安排有资格和有能力的译者对作品进行准确性确的翻译，译者姓名和其 资格证明应送交甲方，未经甲方事先书面同意，不得删节、增加或以其他方式修改 作.

第六条 有磁译本的质量问题，由甲乙双方商定。

第七条 乙方将作者的姓名标注在译本的封面、护封和扉页的显著位置，并注明："此版 本(书名)系(乙方名称)与(甲方名称)于 年 月协议出版"。

第八条 乙方应于 年 月 日前出版译本。乙方因故未能按时出版，应在出版期 限届满前 日通知甲方，双方另行约定出版日期。乙方支付愈期违约金，比例为 ，乙方在双方另行约定的出版日期仍不能出版，甲方可以终止合同，乙方应向甲方 赔偿损失，并支付违约金，比例为 。

第九条 译本一经出版，乙方应免费于 日前同甲方提供 本样书，并应尽力推销译本 的复制品。

第十条 如果乙方希望增加 册(印数)， 年内乙方可以自行决定增加印数，但应将拟 定议的印数和定价通知甲方，并于 日内按第四条规定的` 方式向其支付报酬 。如果乙方未在译本脱销后 月内再次重印译本，授予的权利回归甲方。

第十一条 未经甲方事先书面同意，乙方不得行使除第一条规定的译本的其他任何权.

第十二条 未经甲方事先同意，乙方不得将所授予的翻译权许可任何第三方行使，译本 也不得单独使用乙方自己的版本说明。

第十三条 如果乙方未在 日内支付本合同规定的报酬，如甲方不解除合同，乙方应继 续履行合同支付报酬，并支付愈期违约金，比例为 ;如果方解除合同，乙 方应赔偿损失，并支付违约金，比例为 。

第十四条 除本合同明确授予乙方的权利之外，作品的其他所有权利由甲方保留。乙方 希望取得的权利，应在本合同中明确约定。

第十五条 甲方有权核查译本的印数。如甲方指定第三方核查，需提供授权委托书。如 乙方隐瞒印数，除向甲方补齐应付报酬外，还应支付违约金并承担核查费用 。如核查结果与乙方提供的印数相符，核查费用由甲方承担。

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Hello! My name is , Normal University, is a 20xx graduate. Graduation has taught more than a year. Have long teaching experience gained! Lively and outgoing personality, nice, treat people in good faith, understanding, strong language skills and com#munication skills; diligent, strong and determined, serious and responsible work, down to earth, patient, attentive, careful thinking, have becom#e teachers the basic quality and potential.

Determined to be a teacher since childhood, college entrance examination chosen university, is not only a solid basic knowledge of mathematics, but also on the accumulation of educational theory and practice, especially during the internship period, absorbing the best teaching experience of teachers, and students from morning till evening in the day, and more loving education.

With self-learning and research capacity in × × × University graduate student during a more thorough understanding of mathematical knowledge. Believe they will be both professional research and teaching skills of educational personnel.

Hello everyone! Welcome to Badaling scenic spot for sightseeing. Im veryglad to accompany you today. I hope you can have a good time in Badaling.

The Great Wall is a magnificent defensive building in ancient China. Itstarts from Shanhaiguan in the East and ends at Jiayuguan in the west, and runsacross the north of China. Winding more than 12000 Li, it is famous for the"Great Wall". It was listed in the world cultural heritage list in 1987. It iscalled "the longest defensive wall in the world" by experts and scholars.

The first time that China built the Great Wall was in the spring and AutumnPeriod in the 7th century BC, and the earliest country to build the Great Wallwas the state of Chu. The great wall of the state of Chu is called "Fangcheng"in historical records, with a length of nearly a thousand li. Qi was also one ofthe earliest states to build the Great Wall. The great wall of Qi started fromPingyin in Shandong Province in the West and entered the sea in the East. It isthe most preserved site of the Great Wall in the spring and Autumn period.

Qin Shihuang was born in 220 BC__ After the unification of China in 1949,the old Great Wall in the north of Qin, Zhao and Yan was first repaired. At thecost of "building a city of thousands of miles and building a people ofthousands of miles", he began to build the Great Wall, which is more than 7000kilometers long, from Lintao in the west to Liaodong in the East. Since then,the Great Wall has stood in the east of the world, experiencing thousands ofyears of wind, frost, rain and snow.

In the early Western Han Dynasty, in order to resist aggression and protectthe newly developed "Silk Road". It has built a great wall of more than 10000kilometers from Lop Nor in Xinjiang in the west to Liaodong in the East. This isalso the longest Great Wall in the history of our country.

After the establishment of Ming Dynasty, it faced the threat of Mongoliaand Jurchen. From the beginning of Zhu Yuanzhang, General Xu Da was sent northto build the Great Wall. Until the end of Ming Dynasty, it was overhauled 18times, lasting more than 260 years. Until Hongzhi 20__ In, it was completed fromthe Yalu River in the east to Jiayuguan in the West. Through Liaoning, Hebei,Beijing, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Gansu and other provinces andautonomous regions. The Great Wall is more than 12700 Li long. And along theGreat Wall is divided into nine defense areas, known as "nine sides and ninetowns". Moreover, in many important pass areas, especially in the north ofBeijing City, multiple walls were built. These are the Badaling Great Wall wesee now.

The scale of the Great Wall built in the Qin, Han and Ming Dynasties is thelargest compared with other dynasties. So the three construction climaxes inhistory are the Qin Dynasty, the Han Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty.

Now, let me introduce the Badaling Great Wall. Badaling Great Wall islocated in Yanqing County, northwest of Beijing. It is the best preservedsection of the Great Wall in Beijing with the best engineering quality and themost rigorous structure. This section of the great wall takes the urn city asthe center, reaching the seventh floor in the South and the twelfth floor in thenorth, with a total length of 4770 meters. It is the only channel leading to theoutside of the Great Wall in Beijing area and the front position of Juyongguan.From here, you can reach Yongning and Sihai in the East, Xuanhua and Datong inthe west, Jingcheng in the south, Yanqing in the north and Badaling in alldirections. Badaling pass was built in 1520__ The city is 7.5 meters high and 4meters thick. There is a plaque on each of the East and West gates, with "JuyongWai Town" in the East and "north gate lock key" in the West. At the entrance ofGuancheng, there is a cannon with a length of 2.85 meters and a caliber of 10.5cm, which is called "Shenwei general". Now lets look at the wall of the GreatWall in Badaling. This section of the city wall is about 5.8 meters narrow atthe top and 6.5 meters wide at the bottom. It consists of four basic structures.1、 City wall, two, city tower, three, pass, four, beacon tower. There is aticket door in the wall and a stone ladder in the middle. The top can hold 5horses in parallel. Beacon tower is also known as beacon, beacon, wolf Yantai.It is independent of the city wall, almost every other mile there is a, composedof the Great Wall defense alarm system.

Whenever enemy troops invade, the beacon towers burn beacon fires to conveymilitary information. Burning smoke during the day is called beacon. At night afire is called a flint. And because wolf dung is often used as fuel, the smokeis high and hard to dissipate, so it is also called "wolf smoke". Moreover, itwas stipulated in the Ming Dynasty. More than 100 of the invading soldiers lit acigarette and fired a gun, about 500 soldiers fired two cigarettes and two guns,more than 1000 soldiers fired three cigarettes and three guns, more than 5000soldiers fired four cigarettes and four guns, if more than 10000 soldiers wereinvolved, five cigarettes and five guns.

From Badaling to the south is the famous Xiongguan, Juyong Pass. JuyongPass is one of the most famous passes of the great wall and an important barrierto the northwest of ancient Beijing. It got its name from Qin Shihuangsconstruction of the Great Wall. That is to say, the prisoners and the people whohave been punished in the palace are caught here to let them build the GreatWall. And lived. Juyongguan was called juyongsai in Han Dynasty and junduguan inSui Dynasty. When it was rebuilt in the Ming Dynasty, it became the strongestsection of the Ming Great Wall. There are both military headquarters andadministrative organizations here. Juyong Pass in ancient times was also lushwith extraordinary scenery. Juyong jucui, one of the eight famous scenic spotsin Yanjing, refers to this place. In addition, there are many places ofinterest, such as Yang LIULANGs Shuanmazhuang, Mu Guiyings dianjiangtai, andbaifengzhong, where dragons and phoenixes play. Not only that, but also JuyongGuanzhong has a white jade platform, called Yuntai, which was built in 1345.Because there were three Tibetan pagodas built on the stage and the couponsunder the stage, it was originally called "crossing the street pagoda". In theearly Ming Dynasty, the pagoda was destroyed, and then the Taian temple wasbuilt. In the early Qing Dynasty, the temple was destroyed again, and now thereare only pillar bases and watchposts. There are also six kinds of seal cuttingscriptures in Sanskrit, Tibetan and basiba on the inner wall, which areimportant objects for studying ancient Chinese characters.

Having said so much, let me tell you a story to relax. The name of thestory is called "Meng Jiangnu crying the Great Wall". Its about Qin Shihuangbuilding the Great Wall. At that time, in order to speed up the project, itbegan to draw civil servants from all over the country. Meng Jiangnus husband,fan Qiliang, was also transferred to build the Great Wall soon after herwedding.

In the twinkling of an eye, three years later, fan Qiliang never heard fromhim. Meng Jiangnu couldnt eat well and sleep well. Suddenly, one night. MengJiangnu had a dream that her husband was hungry and cold, and his clothes didntcover her body. She kept shouting "Im cold, Im hungry!" Meng Jiangnu woke upand decided to go to her husband, and brought him dry food and warm clothes. Allthe way along the Great Wall in search of his husband. She went to Shanhaiguanto find out that many people had died to build the Great Wall. Her husband, fanQiliang, was also tired to death and buried under the Great Wall. This news islike a bolt from the blue, Meng Jiangnu immediately began to cry, crying earthshaking, sections of the great wall collapsed, eight hundred miles long. Now theproject manager was in a hurry to report to Qin Shihuang who was coming here toinspect the progress of the project. The first emperor of Qin sent someone toarrest Meng Jiangnu to find out the reason. After seeing her, Qin Shihuang wasfascinated by her beauty and insisted on calling her "empress Zhenggong".Although Meng Jiangnu was full of anger, she still held down her hatred and hadan idea. She had to ask Qin Shihuang to agree to her three conditions before shecould become the "Empress of the palace". The first is to find the body of hishusband fan Qiliang; the second is to hold a state funeral for his husband; andthe third is to ask the first emperor of Qin to wear mourning and flag for fanQiliang. After listening to the three conditions proposed by Meng Jiangnu, thefirst emperor of Qin thought for a moment. In order to get the beautiful MengJiangnu, he insisted. Meng Jiangnu, wearing filial piety, paid homage to thetomb of fan Zhaliang, who died for the construction of the city. Her longcherished wish was fulfilled. Facing the rolling Bohai Sea, she jumped up andthrew herself into the sea.

At the end of the story, do you think Qin Shihuang is fatuous andoverbearing? Lets ignore him first. Start climbing the great wall and be ahero!!

大家好!欢迎大家到八达岭景区观光旅游。今天有幸陪同大家一起参观，我很高兴，希望各位能在八达岭度过一段美好的时光。

长城是我们古代一项极为雄伟的防御性建筑，它东起山海关，西至嘉峪关，横贯我国北部。婉蜒一万两千多里，故以“万里长城”闻名于世。并于1987年被列入《世界文化遗产名录》。被专家学者们称为“世界上最长的防御性城墙”。

中国最早修建长城是在公元前7世纪的春秋时期，最早修筑长城的国家是楚国。楚国长城在历史文献记载上称作“方城”，长度近千里。齐国也是诸侯国中修筑长城较早的国家，齐长城西起山东平阴，东入大海。是春秋时期长城中遗址保存最多的。

秦始皇于公元前220__年统一中国后，先修缮了秦、赵、燕三国北部的部分旧长城。并开始以“修万里城，筑万里人”的代价修建西起临洮、东到辽东，长达7000多千米的长城。从此万里长城巍然屹立于世界的东方，经历千百年的风霜雨雪。

西汉初期，为了抵御侵略和保护新开发的“丝绸之路”。修筑了西起新疆罗布泊，东到辽东，长达一万多千米的长城。这也是我国历史上最长的一条长城。

明朝建立后，面对蒙古和女真的威胁。从朱元璋开始就派大将徐达北上修筑长城。直到明朝灭亡，先后大修十八次，历时260余年。直到弘治20__年，才完成了东起鸭绿江边，西到嘉峪关。途经辽宁、河北、北京、山西、陕西、内蒙古、宁夏、甘肃等省市自治区。全长12700多里的长城。并把长城沿线划分为九个防御区域，称为“九边九镇”。而且还在许多重要关隘地区，特别是北京城的北面，修筑了多重城墙。这些就是我们现在所看到的八达岭长城了。

秦、汉、明三朝在历史上修筑长城的规模，相比其他朝代来讲是最大的。所以说在历史上的三次修筑高潮就是秦朝、汉朝、明朝。

现在，我就来介绍一下八达岭长城。八达岭长城位于北京西北部的延庆县，是北京地区长城中保存最完好，工程质量最佳，结构最严谨的一段。这段长城以瓮城为中心，南至七楼，北到十二楼，全长4770米。它是北京地区通向塞外的唯一通道，是居庸关的前沿阵地。由此地东可到永宁、四海，西可到宣化、大同，南可抵京城，北可通延庆，四通八达，所以叫做八达岭。八达岭关城建于1520__年，城高7.5米，厚4米。东西两门各有一块牌匾，东为“居庸外镇”，西为“北门锁钥”。关城入口处有一尊长2.85米，口径10.5厘米的大炮名叫“神威大将军”。现在请大家看八达岭这段长城的城墙。这段城墙上窄下宽，上窄约5.8米，下宽约6.5米。分别由四种基本构造构成。一、城墙，二、城台，三、关隘，四、烽火台。墙内有券门，中间有石梯相连。顶部可容5匹马并行。烽火台又称烽堠、烽燧、狼烟台。它独立于城墙之外，几乎每隔一里就有一座，组成了万里长城的防御报警系统。

每当有敌兵进犯的时候，烽火台就燃烽火，传递军情。白天燃烟称烽。夜晚举火称燧。又因为经常用狼粪做燃料，烟飘的高又不易消散，所以也叫做“狼烟”。而且，在明朝规定。来犯敌兵百余人点一烟放一炮，五百人左右两烟两炮，千余人以上三烟三炮，五千人以上四烟四炮，如果事万人以上，五烟五炮。

从八达岭一直向南，就是著名的雄关——居庸关了。居庸关是万里长城最有名的关隘之一，为古代北京西北的重要屏障。以秦始皇修长城“徙居庸徒于此”而得名。也就是说把囚犯、和受过宫刑的人，抓到这里来让他们修长城。并且居住了下来。居庸关在汉朝时叫居庸塞，隋朝叫军都关。到了明朝重新修筑后，成了明长城中最坚固的一段。这里既有军事指挥部、又有行政管理机构。古时的居庸关同样林木葱郁，景致非凡，著名的燕京八景之一“居庸叠翠”指的就是这里了。除此之外还有许多名胜古迹，象杨六郎的栓马桩、穆桂英的点将台、游龙戏凤的白凤冢等七十二处名胜。不但如此，而且居庸关中还有一座始建于1345年的汉白玉高台，人称云台。因台上曾建有3座藏式佛塔，台下为券门，故原称“过街塔”。明初佛塔被毁，后又建泰安寺。清朝前期，寺又被毁，现仅有柱础和望柱。内壁还留有用梵文、藏文、八思巴文等6种文字篆刻的经文，是研究我国古代文字的重要实物。

说了这么多了，下面我给大家讲一个故事来放松一下。故事的名字呢就叫做“孟姜女哭长城”。说的是秦始皇修筑长城的事。当时为了加快工程速度，又开始在全国各地抽调民夫。孟姜女的丈夫范杞梁在新婚不久，也被抽调去充当修长城的民夫了。

转眼三年过去了，范杞梁杳无音信，急得孟姜女吃不好睡不香。突然，有一天夜里。孟姜女做梦，梦到他的丈夫饥寒交迫，衣不遮体，还不停的喊“我冷啊，我饿呀!”孟姜女惊醒后决定去找丈夫，并给他带上了干粮和御寒的衣服。一路沿着长城寻找他的丈夫。她四处打听，走到山海关才知道，为修长城死了很多人，丈夫范杞梁也被累死了，并埋在长城下，尸骨都找不到。这一消息如同晴天霹雳，孟姜女顿时就伤心地痛哭起来，哭得惊天动地，长城一段段的倒塌，足有八百里长。这下可急坏了工程总管，急忙去报告正来此巡查工程进展的秦始皇。秦始皇赶忙派人把孟姜女抓来寻问根由。当见到之后，秦始皇却被她的美貌迷住了，非要封她为"正宫娘娘"。孟姜女虽然怒火满腔，但还是压住心头仇恨，灵机一动，将计就计地非要秦始皇答应她三个条件，之后才能当"正宫娘娘"。一要找到丈夫范杞梁的尸体;二要为其丈夫举行国葬;三要秦始皇为范杞梁披麻戴孝、打幡送葬。秦始皇听罢孟姜女提的三个条件，思索片刻，为了得到貌美如花的孟姜女，便硬着头皮答应下来，孟姜女戴着孝拜了为筑城而死的范札梁坟墓后，宿愿已偿，面对滚滚的渤海，纵身一跃，投海自尽了。

故事讲完了，大家觉得秦始皇是不是昏庸霸道?咱们先不管他怎么样。开始登长城做好汉吧!!

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June 8, 20xx Dear Sir, Im sorry to tell you that I cant go to school today, Ive caught a cold because I swam in the schools swimming pool yesterday. This morning I had a headache. After taking my temperature, my mother found that I had a high fever, immediately she took me to see a doctor, who advised me to stay in bed for 2 days. Now I am writing to you to ask for 2 days sick leave. With best wishes.

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英语专业翻译方向论文开题报告

how to deal with ellipsis in english-chinese translation

i. purpose and significance

with the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. however, the differences between english and chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.

it is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in english-chinese rendition. translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.

according to the oxford advanced learner’s english-chinese dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. what could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.

some words and phrases are useless in chinese but necessary in english. articles in english are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. they are very important in english, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in chinese. ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic chinese. the paper will explore ellipsis in english-chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among china and english-speaking countries.

ii. literature review

long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. in china, xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the sanskrit sutras into chinese, but introduced the first chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand china’s ancient culture. meanwhile, he was the first to translate lao tses works into sanskrit. indian scholars had a high opinion of xuanzang, "in china, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that xuanzang is the first great translator."(ye lang, ) we can say that it was xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. then, some big countries such as america, china, and so on became a melting pot.(gu zhengkun, ) people have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.

with china’s entry into wto and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. a lot of foreign tourists come to visit china. while traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. sometimes, they even feel confused. a lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. all of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (ma zuyi, ). i am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. the love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. but every time when i have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.

communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. in order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. of course, translation is one of them. all translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(gu jinming, 1997) from my perspective, they really have done a great job. and i want to retrospect the cause of their development. after a thorough evaluation, i choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from english to chinese, then i did the following jobs.

i put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then i found that it is a common case in english and chinese which draws much academic interest. in 1976, halliday and hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. this classification exerts great influence in academic circle. thereafter, ellipsis in chinese and english has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. this kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in chinese and english.

another famous theory to explain ellipsis is economy principle. economy principle was put forward by chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his generate crammer. it maintains that language and linguistic study follow economy principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. this principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.

in this thesis, i think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. and in both english and chinese, people advocate brevity. shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). however, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(hua xianfa,)these functions distribute in both english and chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both english to chinese and chinese to english translation.

i found that when chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in english to chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. they consider that it is a common phenomenon that chinese always leave out personal articles. while it is obviously different in english that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. that is because when we translate from english to chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. however, it never happens in english. from this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into chinese.

in my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. however, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in china, and we have less influential chinese translators in the world. therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.

iii. feasibility analysis

this academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:

1.i have great interests in the way of english-chinese translation.

2.i have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .

3.i have collected enough references both chinese and western on ellipsis in

translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.

4.i have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.

5.i have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate english competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise english.

6.my instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject i havechosen.

iv. problems of the research and solutions

1. problems

despite the references i have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in english-chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. what’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in xinjiang, i will have to make full use of my present resources. also, this is the first time i have ever written such a serious academic paper. i am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.

2. solutions

(1) i shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the internet as well.

(2) i shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that i have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.

(3) when i have difficulties in the writing process, i shall consult my instructor and seek for help.

v. necessary conditions

1. our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.

2. the internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the internet.

3. i have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.

vi. outline

i. introduction

a. a brief introduction of ellipsis in translation

b. what should we pay attention to when dealing with ellipsis

c. the reason why ellipsis is so widely used in translation

1. chinese expressions are much briefer than that of english

2. english grammar is wee-knit and complete in sentence structure

ii. the principles of ellipsis

a. omitted words must be useless and unnecessary in the translated works

b. the meaning of the omitted words is implied in the test

c. omitted words which are self-evident

ш. the functions and applications of ellipsis

a. the coherence of the meaning of expression

b. the coincidence of the manner of expression

1. ellipsis of articles

a. ellipsis of definite articles

b. ellipsis of indefinite articles

2. ellipsis of prepositions

3. ellipsis of pronouns

a. ellipsis of personal and impersonal pronouns

b. ellipsis of indefinite pronouns

c. ellipsis of relative pronouns

4. ellipsis of conjunctions

a. ellipsis of coordinating conjunctions

b. ellipsis of subordinate conjunctions

5. ellipsis of rhetoric

a. ellipsis of repeated words

b. ellipsis of synonyms