西安这几天有雨【汇集20篇】

尊敬的各位游客： 大家好!欢迎到家来到西安，西安是著名的古城，我将带领大家游览几天，那么首先我们就去秦始皇陵观光。

始皇陵位于西安市临潼区东约五千米处，它南依骊山，北临渭水，地势险峻，环境优美。陵园规模宏大，陪葬品重多，像一座丰富的地下文物宝库。据史书记载，秦始皇赵政从13岁就开始营建陵园，修剪时间长达38年。工程浩大，气魄宏伟，创历代封建统治者奢侈厚葬之先例。 1974年在其东侧发现兵马俑坑，轰动了中国，震惊了世界，是20世纪最伟大的考过发现之一。 1978年，法国前总统希拉克参观后说：“世界上有了七大奇迹，秦俑的发现，可以说是八大奇迹了，不看金字塔不算到埃及，不看秦俑不算到中国。” 秦始皇兵马俑博物馆是建立在兵马俑坑原址上的遗址型博物馆，于1979年10月开馆。1987年12月联合国教文组织将秦始皇陵及兵马俑坑列入《世界遗产名录》。

大家在游览时要注意以下几点： 1。不要大声喧哗。 2。不要拥挤，要有秩序的参观。 3。不要乱写乱画，保护文物。 现在我就带大家一起参观一下吧!

合同书(短期) 甲方(用人单位或受委托的项目部)： 地址： 联系电话： 乙方(姓名)： 性别： 身份证号码： 现住址： 甲乙双方依照国家和本省劳动法律法规建立劳动关系，履行相应的权利和义务，并对有关问题作以下约定：

一、劳动合同期限

1、不足一个月时间的用工：从________年____月日至________年____月____日(不设试用期)。

2、完成一定工作任务的用工：以 工程完成之日(最长不超过三个月)为本合同的终止期限。

二、工作内容 甲方安排乙方工作地点： 从事(工种)： 数(质)量要求：

三、劳动报酬

1、工资计算方式：

(1)计时(每天或每月工资标准)

(2)计量(件)(单价数量)

2、工资支付方式：不得低于当地最低工资标准。按月支付资的，每月人民币 元;按工作进度支付工资的预付 ，计人民币

元，余款待任务完成后全部付给。 甲方应制作工资发放花名册，并由乙方本人签字或书面委托他人代签，领取工资。

四、劳动保护和工伤保险 甲方依法为乙方办理人身意外伤害保险或工伤保险，其中每月缴纳的工伤保险费计 元。

五、违反劳动合同的责任及其它约定 本合同自签订之日起生效，合同一式二份，甲、乙双方各执一份。 甲方(签章)： 乙方(签章)：________年____月____日________年____月____日

西安大清真寺英文导游词

陕西西安大清真寺英文导游词怎么写？跟着小编来看看下面的范文，说不定能帮到你们哦~

陕西西安大清真寺英文导游词

The Mosque is a major spot for religious activities of over 60.000 Moslems in Xi’an, likewise, an important cultural relic protected by the Provincial People’s Government. Unlike the Arabic mosques, with splendid domes, the minarets reaching into the clouds, the coulourful engraved sketches with dazzling patterns, the Mosque here in Xi’an possesses much Chinese traditional touch in both its design and artistic outlook; besides the style peculiar to Islamic mosques, this Mosque also holds characteristics of Chinese pavilions with painted beams and engraved ridgepoles.

However, any further discussion about the Mosque will be futile unless anything of the introduction of Islam into China is brought up.

Islam as a religious order was founded in the early period of the 7th century A.D. and was introduced to China in the mid-600s. At that time, Arabian merchants and travelers came to the northwest of China by way of Persia and Afghanistan and thus established diplomatic, trade, and military contacts with China. In the meantime, another route saw a batch of sea voyagers through Bangladesh Bay and the Malacca Strait to China’s Guangzhou, Quanzhou, Huangzhou, Yangzhou and other cities where many of them settled down and married the local women who later gave birth to babies who then became Moslems.

However, massive immigration of the Moslems to China did not take place until as late as the early period of the 13th century, when Genghis Khan, as a result of his expedition against the west, had conquered vast expanses of land stretching from Central Asia to Eastern Europe, including the north of Iran. Many of the Moslems in the conquered areas were thus forced to enlist and later settled in China.

Among the enlisted many were soldiers, and some were smiths and officials who were called the Hui people in the history books on the Yuan dynasty. The Hui people later followed Kublai Khan down to the south, helping him unifying China and then establish the Yuan dynasty. In the wake of the conquest, Islam spread all over China and mosques began to appear everywhere. In the Yuan dynasty, many Moslems held positions both in the military and civilian organs of the country. And a lot of the Moslems took part in Zhu Yuanzhang’s uprising in the early 14th century and made great contributions to the founding of the Ming Dynasty. Therefore, all the emperors of the Dynasty issued mandates to protect Islam, and to set up mosques in praise of the Moslems for their feats. In the early 16th century, Islam predominated Qinghai on the minority nationalities including the Huis, the Uygurs, the Kazaks, the Kirgizes, the Tajiks, the Tartars, the Ozbeks, the Dong Xiangs, the Salars and the Bonans. The Moslems in Xi’an are mainly the Huis, being a small portion out of the ten million in China.

The Mosque at Hua Jue Lane is the largest in Xi’an, and at the same time, it is also one of the earliest built on a comparatively large scale, and well preserved mosques in China.

According to the Stele on the Building of the Mosque”, the mosque is said to be built in the Tang Dynasty. However, the architectural style of the mosque suggests a possible building dating back to the Ming Dynasty. The four courtyards of the mosque cover an area of more than 12,000 square meters, out of which about 4,000 are occupied by various structures. The still intact wooden front memorial gateway of the front yard, built at the turn of the 17th century, with glazed tiles on the top, spectacular corners and upturned eaves, is about 9 metres high, and has a history of about 360 years. The stone memorial gateway in the center of the second courtyard is flanked with a tail stele on either side with dragons carved on each, recording the repair work ever since the building of the Mosque. On the back of one of the steles are engraved characters by the master calligrapher Mi Fu, May Buddhism Fill the Universe”, on the other, Royal -Bestowed”by Dong Qichang, another master of the same art of the Ming dynasty. They are treasures in Chinese calligraphy. At the entrance of the third courtyard is an imperial built hall, where a month tablet”, showing the calculation of the Hui Calendars in Arabic, is stored. It was compiled by a man in charge of the mosque called Xiao Mining in the early period of the Qing dynasty. A three –storeyed octagonal wooden structure called Retrospection Tower”also stands in the center of the courtyard, which has the same function as the minaret in Islamic temples in Arabic countries, and which is a place from where orders were sent to call the Moslems to come to worship. Respectively, on the south and north wings of the tower, are a reception chamber and a Scripture Chamber, both elegantly laid out. The five wooden houses, which are called Water Houses”in the southwest section of the Mosque are the place where the believers bathe themselves before they attend their services. And in side the fourth courtyard there is a structure called the Pavilion of Phoenix”, a place where the worshipers used to wait for the services. The Pavilion, in fact, is a compound structure of three small buildings. The six-gabled structure of the central part, adjoining the two three-gabled buildings on each side looks very much like a flying phoenix, and hence its name. Just at the back of the Pavilion, there is a fishpond, beyond which is a platform occupying an area as large as 700 m2. Across both ends of the platform stands the 1,300 square metered service hall, holding over a thousand worshipers at once. There are over six hundred sunk panels well as the sunk panels, are decorated with patterns of painted trailing plants and Arabic letterings. The imam leads his group of worshipers, while facing in the direction of Mecca, to chant in Koran and to pay their religious homage.

The Moslems in China share very much the same customs with their brothers and sisters elsewhere in the world. They worship five times a day: at dawn, at noon, in the afternoon, at dusk, and at night. Female worshipers attend their services in a separated place from their brothers, usually at home. Moslems pay special attention to their health and see that they always wear clean clothes. They are teetotalers not only of wine, but also of pork and animal blood for in Koran pigs have been mentioned four times as being unclean”. According to Koran, a man can have four wives and women should wear veils when they go out. However, except a few places in Xinjiang, the Chinese practise monogamy and women are veiless when they go out. Upon his death, a Moslem has to be thoroughly cleaned”(thoroughly bathed), has to be put on Ke Fan”(to be shrouded with a piece of white cloth) and has to be buried coffinless in the ground, with an imam reciting Scriptures at the funeral.

The Chinese constitution promulgates that freedom of religion of each citizen and freedom of preserving or reforming local customs for every nationality are permitted. And of course, the Moslems in China enjoy equal rights with peoples of other nationalities and their religious beliefs and customs are respected everywhere in the country.

陕西西安大清真寺英文导游词

Huaqing Pool is situated about 35 kilometres east of the city of Xi’an. Historically, the Western Zhou dynasty saw the construction of the Li Palace on the spot. In the Qin dynasty a pool was built with stones, and was given the name Lishan Tang (the Lishan Hot Spring). The site was extended into a palace in the Han dynasty, and renamed the Li Palace (the Resort Palace). In the Tang dynasty, Li Shimin (Emperor Tai Zong) ordered to construct the Hot Spring Palace, and Emperor Xuan Zong had a walled palace built around Lishan Mountain in the year of 747. It was known as the Huaqing Palace. It also had the name Huaqing Pool on account of its location on the hot springs.

Huaqing Pool is located at the foot of the Lishan Mountain, a branch range of the Qinling Ranges, and stands 1,256 metres high. It is covered with pines and cypresses, looking very much like a like a dark green galloping horse from a long distance. So it has the name of the Lishan Mountain (Li means a black horse).

The Tang dynasty Emperor Xuan Zong and his favourite lady, Yang Gui Fei used to make their home at Frost Drifting Hall in winter days. When winter came, snowflakes were floating in the air, and everything in sight was white. However, they came into thaw immediately in front of the hall. It owed a great deal to the luke warm vapour rising out of the hot spring. This is the Frost Drifting Hall that greets us today.

Close by the Frost Drifting Hall lies the Nine Dragon Pool. According to legend, the Central Shaanxi Plain was once stricken by a severe drought in the very remote past. Thus, by the order of the Jade Emperor (the Supreme Deity of Heaven), an old dragon came at the head of eight young ones, and made rain here. Yet when the disaster was just abating, they lowered their guard so much that it became serious again. In a fit of anger, the Jade Emperor kept the young dragons under the Jade Cause Way (玉堤), with the Morning Glow Pavilion and the Sunset Pavilion built at both ends of it respectively, to make the young dragons spout cleat water all day long to meet the needs of local irrigation. Besides, he had the old dragon confined to the bottom of the Roaring Dragon Waterside Pavilion situated at the upper end of the Jade Causeway, and obliged him to exercise control over the young.

The Nine-Bend Corridor west of the Nine Dragon Pool leads directly to the Marble Boat, which resembles a dragon boat on the water surface. In the Marble Boat lies the Nine Dragon Tang (the Nine Dragon Hot Spring where Emperor Xuan Zong used to take baths). At the head of his court ladies and hundreds of his officials, he would come to the Huanqing Palace to spend his winter days in October of the Lunar calendar and return to Chang’an City as the year drew to its close. The Nine Dragon Hot Spring was originally built with crystal jade, whose surface was decorated with the carvings of fish, dragons, birds and flowers. In it twin lotus flowers also carved with white jade could be seen as well. The spring water welled from the break of an earthen jar, and spouted up to the lotus flowers. Hence the name Lotus Flower Tang (the Lotus Flower Hot Spring).

The Gui Fei Bathing Pool was where Yang Gui Fei, Emperor Xuan Zong’s favorite lady, used to take bath. It was originally built with white jade, and in its center a blooming flower spouted water like a spring. The pool looked very much like a Chinese flowering crabapple; Hence its name the Chinese Flowering Crabapple Hot Spring or the Lotus Hot Spring..

Lady Yang used to make a stay in this pavilion to see sights or to air her hair after a bath. Therefore, it was named the Hair Airing Pavilion. Whether the sun was rising or setting, the pavilion was aglow with sunshine; hence the name the Flying Roseate Pavilion.

Southwest of the Gui Fei Bathing Pool stands a brick-built pavilion. On its head three big Chinese characters Xi Jia Lou” (Fine Sunset-Bathed Pavilion)are inscribed according to the model of the most celebrated according to the model of the most celebrated Chinese calligrapher, Yu You Ren, here is the source of the spring water.

At this spa there are four hot springs. They have an hourly flow of 112 tons, and a constant temperature of 43°C. The spring water contains lime, sodium carbonate, sodium sulphate and other minerals, which makes it suitable for bathing and considerable treatment of quite a few diseases such as dermatosis, rheumatism, arthritis and muscular pain. The Fine Sunset-Bathed Pavilion marks the first source of the spring water, which was discovered some 3,000 years ago, roughly in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Its water flow averages 25 tons per hour.

Take up the steps east of the source of hot springs, you will gradually see the Five-Room Pavilion where Chiang Kaishek made a temporary stay during the Xi’an Incident.

The Xi’an Incident took place on December 12, 1936, and it is also known as the Double Twelfth Incident. After the Incident of September 18, 1936, the Japanese imperialists seized the three provinces northeast of China, and intensified their invasion of North China. This was the very moment vital to the Chinese nation. Yet Chiang Kaichek persisted doggedly in carrying out his reactionary policy domestic tranquility is a must for the resistance against Japanese invades,” and commanded the Northeast Army and Northwest Army, respectively headed by Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng, to attack the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region. Inspired by our Party’s policy let us stop the internal war and unit to resist the Japanese aggressors,” those two generals made to Chiang Kaishek the proposal of forming a united front with the Communist Party for the resistance. Not only did he reject the proposal, but flew to Xi’an to scheme the suppression of the Communist Party.” And the slaughter of the patriotic youth. Out of patriotism, Zhang and Yang started the famous Xi’an Incident.

Very early on the morning of December 12, 1936 the Incident was impending. Zhang Xueliang, together with Yang Hucheng ordered a squad of bodyguards to surround the Huaqing Pool. They fought a fierce battle there, and wiped out Chiang’s bodyguards in one vigorous effort. The sound of firing came to Chiang Kaishek, and he was so terrified that he crept out of the window with his nightgown and slippers only. What’s more, he hurt his spinal bone, and lost one of his slippers while crossing over the back wall. He staggered up Lishan Mountain, and hid himself behind a stone in the crevice halfway on it. Those brave soldiers began to search the mountain immediately when they rushed into the Five-Room Pavilion to find that Chiang’s hat and clothes were still there and that his quilt remained warm. In the end they found Chiang Kaishek, and thus escorted him to Xi’an.

In order to avoid a civil war and try t establish a national united front for the resistance against Japan, Mao Zedong on behalf of the C.C.P.C. insisted on a peaceful settlement of the Incident. Therefore, a delegation headed by Zhou Enlai was sent to Xi’an. Zhou Enlai and his suite did a large amount of work there, took everything possible into consideration, and ultimately forced Chiang Kaishek to accept the proposal by his two generals. On December 25, Chiang was freed, and flew back to Nanjing. The Xi’an Incident was so peacefully settled.

The peaceful settlement of the Incident put an end to the internal war which had lasted for ten years, and accelerated the formation and development of the national united front for the anti-Japanese drive. Moreover, it showed that the co-operative relationships between the Communist and Nationalists arrived at a new stage. It marked a great turning point in modern Chinese history.

In the year of 1946 the KMT government had a National Rejuvenation Pavilion” built near the crevice where Chiang Kaishek had hidden himself in the Incident. It was also called Vital Energy Pavilion”. After the national liberation it was renamed Catching Chiang Pavilion”. Close by the pavilion stands a wooden board which carries a brief introduction to the Xi’an Incident. Iron chains and rings in the crevices east of the pavilion, by which visitors can climb up to take a look at Chiang Kaishek’s shelter.

Up the winding path east of the Five-Room-Pavilion you will catch sight of a bridge-like construction. It shines regularly with a myriad of evening sun rays both in summer and autumn, and looks very much like rainbow. So it has the name of the Hovering Rainbow Bridge.

Located on the Xixiu Ridge (the West Embroidery Ridge) of the Lishan Mountain, the remains of the beacon tower of the Western Zhou Dynasty seem easy to identify.

The beacon tower was mostly built at the top of the mountain to give border alarm in ancient times. It was constantly under special control. Once the enemies were pressing on towards the border, the beacon tower began to take effect: it was made to smoke in the daytime while set on fire at night.

The story goes that Bao Si, Queen of the Western Zhou dynasty was highly honored, yet she never cracked a smile. King You tried many ways to put a smile on her face, but he failed over and over again. He called his court band to toll bells and beat gongs”, and she pulled a long face. Then the band were asked to play the bamboo flute and strings” and she remained displeased. Afterwards, maids of honour served wine, festively singing and dancing,” and she did not let out a smile at all.

You don’t like music! What on earth are you fond of?” the King asked.

I nearly have a liking for nothing. But I can still well remember I liked to give ear to the sound of tearing a piece of coloured silk when I was a child. It was clear anf melodious,” she replied. King You said in excitement, That is very simple. How come you didn’t let me know it earlier?”

Thus he ordered the officially appointed property manager to offer coloured silk, and made fresh and energetic maids of honour to tear it into pieces. Hundreds of bolts of coloured silk were utterly torn, but Bao Si remained unmoved.

Why didn’t you let out a single smile then?” he asked.

I have never smiled so far, ” the Queen replied.

The King tried over and over again, but failed repeatedly, and in the end he gave orders, Anyone both in and out of court who can amuse Bao Si will be awarded one thousand pieces of gold.”

Afterwards Guo Shifu, a treacherous court official came and offered advice: Set the beacon tower on fire and fool your sovereign rulers.” That night the King and Queen reached the Lishan Mountain by carriage, and gave the order. In the split second the flames of the fire lit up the sky ad the sovereign rulers moved their troops immediately to the Lishan Mountain. There they found nothing but that the King and Queen enjoyed drinking festively. The King then dispatched his bodyguard to inform them that Everything should have been all right. I have just been joking with you.” When they got this, they looked at each other in blank dismay, and left disappointed. Sure enough, Bao Si burst into laughter, stroking her hands when she noticed all the troops come in vain and go noisily. Accordingly, Guo Shifu got a prize of one thousand pieces of gold. Later on King You did so more often than not. In 771 B.C. Quan Rong (a then minority tribe) staged an armed rebellion against the Western Zhou Dynasty. King You ordered urgently to set the beacon tower on fire, but all the sovereign rulers remained unmoved. Consequently King Yu was killed, and Bao Si was taken away. The Western Zhou dynasty vanished. Herein come the Chinese idiom A single smile costs one thousand pieces of gold” and The sovereign rulers are fooled by the beacon fire.”

大雁塔(Da Yan Ta)(英文：Great Wild Goose Pagoda)陕西省西安市著名的旅游景点，唐代永徽三年(公元652年)，玄奘为藏经而修建，被视为古都西安的象征。

民间人士道：“不到大雁塔，不算到西安。”大雁塔又名大慈恩寺塔，位于中国陕西省西安市南郊大慈恩寺内。因坐落在慈恩寺西院内，大雁塔原称慈恩寺西院浮屠(浮屠即塔的意思)。是中国唐朝佛教建筑艺术杰作。

大雁塔是楼阁式砖塔，塔通高64.5米，塔身为七层，塔体呈方形锥体，由仿木结构形成开间，由下而上按比例递减。塔内有木梯可盘登而上。每层的四面各有一个拱券门洞，可以凭栏远眺。整个建筑气魄宏大，造型简洁稳重，比例协调适度，格调庄严古朴，是保存比较完好的楼阁式塔。在塔内可俯视西安城。

大雁塔是西安市的标志性建筑和著名古迹，是古城西安的象征。因此，西安市徽中央所绘制的便是这座著名古塔。

唐代诗人岑参曾在诗中赞道：“塔势如涌出，孤高耸天宫。登临出世界，磴道盤虚空。突兀压神州，峥嵘如鬼工。四角碍白日，七层摩苍穹。”大雁塔的恢宏气势由此可见。

西安城墙景区位于西安市中心区，现存城墙建于明洪武七年到十一年(1374-1378)，至今已有600多年汗青，是中世纪后期中国汗青上最闻名的城垣构筑之一，是中国现存最完备的一座古代城垣构筑。呈长方形，墙高12米，底宽18米，顶宽15米，总周长13.74公里。有城门四座：东长乐门，西安宁门，南永宁门，北安远门。呈长方形，墙高12米，底宽18米，顶宽15米，总周长13.74公里。

西安城墙是在唐皇城的基本上建成的。完全环绕“防止”计谋系统，城墙的厚度大于高度，稳定如山，墙顶可以跑车和训练。早在明王朝成立前，当朱元璋攻陷徽州后，一个名叫朱升的隐士便汇报他应该“高筑墙，广积粮，缓称王”。朱元璋采用了这些提议。当世界同一后，他便呼吁各府县广泛筑城。朱元璋觉得“全国山水，唯秦中号为险固”。

西安古城垣就是在这个建城的高潮中，由都督濮英主持，在唐皇城旧城基本上扩建起来的。明代扩建后的西安城墙高12米，顶宽12-14米，底宽15-18米。城墙每隔120米修敌台一座，突出在城墙之外，顶与城墙面平。这是专为射杀爬城的仇人配置的。敌台之间间隔的一半，刚亏得弓箭的有用射程之内，便于从侧面射杀攻城的仇人。城墙上共有敌台98座，上面都建有驻兵的敌楼。

女士们，先生们，叔叔阿姨阿姨夫们，老少爷们娘们们，大家早上*点钟好!

首先，我谨代表旅行社老板，全体老板娘以及全体导游向您们表示热烈的欢迎。为了表示我的热情，我要先给大家唱首歌，为什么要唱歌呢?不是因为我唱歌好听。我唱歌属于高音上不去，低音下不来，中间还走调，但是我为什么还要唱呢?我们旅行社老板说了，您们就是我的上帝，耶稣阿门啥的，您们对我们导游十分重要，您们快乐了我们旅行社老板才快乐，旅行社老板快乐经理才能快乐，经理快乐了我们导游才能快乐。所以为了您们快乐我也得唱。

初次见面，所以在那里呢，送给大家一首歌作为见面礼了：要欣赏先鼓掌(停顿)，鼓掌的都是董事长：你未曾见过我，我未曾见过你，年轻的朋友一见面啦，情投意又合。

我也不会说什么华丽的语言，但我保证我说过的话都灵，我嘴开光啦。

我祝愿所有给我鼓掌的朋友长命百岁，我会永远记住您们的，我会永远把您们放在心里。不鼓掌的祝您们打麻将点炮，上厕所忘带手纸，该!

说了这么多，大家可能还都不认识我，自我介绍一下，我姓x，大家称呼我为小x就行了。小x的年龄保密，体重保密，身高保密，唯一不保密的是我的电话号码，大家需要的能够记一下哈，我的电话是，二十四小时开机，有什么事直接找我能够了。小x长的虽然称不上是沉鱼落雁，闭月羞花，但是我的笑容绝对的灿烂，我对工作绝对的是认真负责!顺便说一下我们家的门牌号，大家千万不要上错了车。

我听见有人乐了。那此刻我给大家隆重的介绍一下咱们的司机师傅，师傅在旅游界是有名的三好先生，车技好，人好，服务态度好!我们俩将互相配合，尽量让您们每个人都满意!同时也期望各位能理解配合支持我们的工作。

在阅读了中国古代最大最重的一部巨作之后，我们将进入第二陈列室进行参观。这里主要陈列唐代著名书法家书写的碑石，历来都是人们学习书法的范本。现在大家看到的是《大唐三藏圣教序碑》它刻于唐德宗建中二年，公元1623年被重新发现，清末移入碑林。“大秦”是中国古代对东罗马帝国的称呼。景教，属教堂的一个分支，称聂斯脱利派，“景”是光明、美好的意思。碑首刻有教堂标志十字架。这块碑石记载了教堂早期传入中国的情况以及教规、教义，还有古叙利亚和汉文对照刻了72个景教僧侣的名字。为研究中国古代和欧洲、中亚的友好往来提供了宝贵资料。颜真卿书写的《颜氏家庙碑》是颜真卿72岁时为纪念他的父亲而立的家庙碑，碑文记述了颜氏家族的世袭与功业。仅从文中“孔门达者七十二人，颜氏有八”这句话，我们就可以看到颜氏家族的兴盛和荣耀，《多宝塔碑》是颜体早期的代表，《颜氏家庙碑》则是颜体不如辉煌与成熟的杰作。还有唐初著名书法家欧阳询书写的《皇甫诞碑》，以及他的儿子，也就是欧阳通书写的《道因法师碑》。唐代书法是我国书法艺术史上的高峰时代。一大批书法家涌现出来，如同百花齐放。

我们继续往前走就来到了碑林的第三陈列室，通过这里陈列的碑石，我们可以对中国古代书体的演变做一个大致的了解。这里陈列着汉魏至唐宋的各种书体名碑，其中包括篆，隶，行，草等5种书体，如汉代《曹全碑》《仙人唐公房碑》唐代张旭和怀素草书的《千字文》，唐徽宗的《大观圣作之碑》等。《曹全碑》是我国现存汉碑中汉隶的精品，为国家级文物，碑石刻于东汉晚期，是百姓和官吏为纪念东汉灵帝时陕西合阳县令曹全而集资修建。碑文记载曹全曾随军征战，战功显赫，主政合阳为官清廉，造福一方，在碑石上还刻有捐钱的花名册。《曹全碑》的书法扁平匀整，清丽流畅，自然典雅，秀美飞动，不仅是汉隶中婉约的代表，更是汉碑中的精妙之品。

各位游客：

首先我们参观的是有壮阔气势的明城墙。我们眼前的城墙是明时的。明太祖朱元璋认为“如江山永固，非深沟高垒，内储外备，不能为安。”于是从明洪武三年(公元1370年)下诏修城开始动工，历时8年完工，是在隋唐京城的皇城基础上，向东、向北各扩建了4分之1上修筑而成的，形成了今天的城墙。现在我们看到的西安城墙是一个东西长，南北短的长方形，周长13.79公里，面积11.5平方公里。是一个功能设计周密，形制宏伟的军事防御设施。下来我给大家分别将西安城墙各部分的建筑构造既城防作用一一作以介绍：

首先我们看见的是护城河，也叫“城壕”，它是阻止敌人进攻的第一道防线。横跨护城河上唯一的通道就是我们眼前的的吊桥。吊桥在过去由守护城门士兵掌管，他们听从“晨钟暮鼓”的指挥定时升降。一旦有战事来临，吊桥就被高高生起，整个城市就成为一个封闭的战斗堡垒。刚才有朋友问在那里控制吊桥，这也就是我们下面要来参观的城门，上面是闸楼，即控制吊桥升降之处。城门是防御设施相当重要的一个环节，那么现在请大家跟随我进入城门，来了解西安城墙的另外一个组成部分。

事实上完善的城门是由闸楼、箭楼、正楼组成。我们看到的最外面的就是有闸楼，它最主要的作用就是控制吊桥的升降，并且也具有夜间打更的作用。闸楼是两层悬山式结构，虽然形式十分简洁，但有着举足轻重的作用。这是城市的二道防线。

前面能看到的那座建筑是箭楼。箭楼共有箭窗66孔，形成了一个扇型的攻击面，士兵可凭窗居高临下杀伤敌人。

在闸楼与箭楼之间，形成的半月形的空间，我们叫做瓮城。它的作用在于如果敌人攻入城门后，进入瓮城，这时会受到瓮城上4面居高临下的攻击，犹如瓮中捉鳖。

我们所能看见对面的建筑是正楼，正楼是西安城墙最里层的建筑。正楼建筑形式为重檐歇山式，是主将战时坐镇指挥守城的指挥所。

高大的城门，城门是敌我双方交战的薄弱环节，也是统治者苦心经营的防御重点。明代修筑城墙时，十分重视城门的防御功能。其中他们有一个非常大的技术突破，打破了西汉开始沿用了1520xx年之久的“过梁式”城门，这种门最大的缺点是经不起火攻，所以就有了“城门失火，殃及迟鱼”的典故。明代城门采用的是券拱式的门洞，可以有效的抵御火攻，所以大大提高了城墙的防御能力。西安城墙门从上到下横箍着9道宽15厘米的铁条，上钉1800个蘑菇钉，加强了门扇的强度，使箭矢无法射入门中，从而加强了城门对抗进攻的能力。这是城墙的第三道防线。

我们可以见到城门上有永宁门几个字。在明西安城墙的东、西、南、北面各有一座城门。南门曰永宁门，意思是南方是火神所在地，就是向火神祷告，不起火灾，永保安宁。东门名长乐门，因明都城南京位于西安东面，“长乐”二字带有祈祝大明江山万年不衰，长久欢乐之愿望。西门为安定门，暗示西部边疆安泰康定。北门名安远门，意指北部边塞长远安定，不起战乱。

现在我们就登上城墙，来感受他壮阔的气势。城墙的最底层是用石灰、黄土、糯米汁搅拌夯打而成，干燥之后，坚硬如石。历史上对城墙曾多次维修，有两次最有名。第一次是在明隆庆二年(公元1568年)，当时的陕西巡抚张祉在城墙底顶面和外壁都包砌了青砖，使整个城墙显得壮阔和雄伟。清乾隆年间，当时的陕西巡抚毕沅又对城墙进行了大规模的维修、加固，将包砖增厚，铺设海墁，并增修排水系统。城墙顶上的这个平面就是海墁，它是城上调兵谴将的通道，用三合土垫底，上面铺有两层城砖而成，即可便利于城上交通，又可防止雨水下渗。海墁从外向内有5度的倾斜面，可将雨水迅速导入城内侧的排水槽，有效的保护了墙体不被水浸泡，起到了保护墙体的作用。城墙每相隔40—60米一个有排水槽，它们为砖石结构，附贴在城墙内侧，从墙顶直达墙下，与沟渠相通。西安城墙之所以保存至今，这套完整的排水系统起到了很大的作用。

为了保证士兵及车马在城上行走安全，在墙顶内沿建有宇墙。为了了望方便，在外沿上又筑有垛墙。在垛墙的底部的方孔，又叫悬眼是士兵可向外窥察、射击的地方。

沿城墙外侧有向外突出的实心墩台叫做敌台，俗称马面。在城墙上共有98座。各敌台相距120米，这个距离和过去的武器是有关系的，120米的中点是60米，恰是弓箭、飞钩、滚木等武器的有效射程，它的出现使士兵作战视野开阔，战术运用灵活。一旦敌人攻城，会受到来自城墙和左右敌台、敌楼三方面的射击。构成了一个立体交叉火力网，大大的提高了城墙的战斗力和防御功能。

在城墙的四个转角处有角楼。值得一提的是，除西南角为圆形角台外，其它三个角台均为方形，为何只有这一角台为圆形的呢?明城墙是在唐长安城基础上向东北扩建三分之一而成的，它的西南角，正好是唐皇城的一个城角，因唐皇城城角为圆形，所以就维持了原状。

以上就是我带大家参观的明代城墙，下面我们去了解一下另外的明代建筑，钟楼和鼓楼。钟和鼓是中国最早出现的打击乐器，两三千年前，钟和鼓是用来祭祀和宴享的礼器和乐器，到了汉代，尤其是五胡十六国和魏晋南北朝时期，钟和鼓被用做军旅指挥的信号和军乐。到了唐代的就有了报时的功能，正如文人墨客在诗中描述的“将则鸡人报晓时，尚疑方近翠云秋。“还有“六街鼓绝行人歇，九曲茫茫空有月。”描绘的就是人们闻钟声而起，闻鼓声而息的情况，这就是大家常说的“晨钟暮鼓”。钟楼和鼓楼上的钟和鼓都是明代，所以它们自然也都有报时的功能。钟楼和鼓楼建于明代，西安是明代的军事重镇，钟鼓楼无论从建筑特色、还是艺术价值，都居于同类建筑之冠。

朋友们，我们首先来钟楼。钟楼位于市中心东、西、南、北四条大街的交汇处，有“天下第一钟楼”之誉。要了解钟楼，就要从钟说起。真正钟楼上的钟是唐景云年间的“景云钟”，它是一口六吨重的铜钟。它是以钟乳来调节音律，声音洪亮悠扬，中央人民广播电台的新年钟声便是原来悬挂在钟楼上“景云钟”钟声的录音。当时钟楼的位置并不在现在的地方，那么它在哪儿呢?钟楼最初的位置在鼓楼以西的“迎祥观”内，安史之乱时，“迎祥观”和钟楼毁于一旦。公元1384年，明朝政府重新修建了一座钟楼，就是我们现在看到的这座钟楼。随着经济的发展，西安城不断的扩建，钟楼就偏于城西，不在居于城市中心了。在这种情况下，公元1582年明政府就将钟楼迁移至今天的位置。据碑文记载，“楼唯柱基外，一无改创”。也就是说，除了新筑楼基外，其他都是原件原样。大家可以想象一下，6万立方米的巨型建筑，要进行整体的拆迁复原，没有高超的组织安装，没有严密的工程组织是很难实现的。所以这也是我们16世纪建筑史上一次划时代的创举。钟楼也因此更加提升了它的艺术价值。大家回头看立柱上有一幅楹联，“钟号景云鸣彩凤，楼雄川口锁金鳌。”说的就是钟楼拆迁的一个神话传说，更给钟楼增添了神秘色彩。

不过钟楼拆迁后，钟就敲不响了，很多人说是神物有灵，其实是钟房有问题。它中间高，四周下倾，重檐覆盖，好象给钟戴了个帽子，戴翁以呼，声音当然不能传的很久远。后把钟就放到了屋外。最后以明成化年间所铸的一口铁钟取代，大家现在看到的这口钟是近年复修的，原钟现在收藏在西安碑林博物馆。当然我们今天敲钟已不在是为了报时，而是为了祈福，企求我们的生活平安如意，美满幸福。大家若有兴趣，不妨也敲几下。

好了朋友们，让我们回过头来欣赏钟楼的建筑吧。钟楼高36米，分别由基座、楼身、楼顶三部分组成，四面正对四个方向，开东西南北四个券洞。钟楼上下两层每一层都以“斗拱”作为装饰，它是中国古代木结构建筑上的一种特有的构件，一方面起到了装饰作用，一方面它可以根据力学原理，形成力的均匀负荷，“斗拱”用在屋檐下可以使屋顶的出檐加大，用在梁枋两端下面，则可以减小梁枋的跨度，加大梁枋的承受力。同时“斗拱”的数量还可以显示出这种建筑的规格和等级来。钟楼采用的四角攒尖式，对角线构筑，覆以琉璃瓦，屋角微微上翘，这种形制按文人的描述“如鸟思阁，如喙思飞”，就好比展翅飞翔的鸟。象钟楼这种出檐3层的，我们把它叫重檐三滴水，这种形制不但可以增加建筑的美观，还能减少雨水顺而下落时对建筑的冲击力。

钟楼不但整体气势恢弘，细部也十分精美。大家现在看到的格子门，门扉上都有木刻浮雕，内容有声动感人的民间传说、回味无穷的历史故事，楼上楼下加起来共有64幅，如我们熟悉的“八仙过海、踏雪寻梅、长生殿盟誓”等。

了解完了钟楼 ，下面我们将要参观的是与钟楼遥相呼应的鼓楼。

鼓楼距离钟楼只有250 米，它建于公元1380年，鼓楼要比钟楼大的多。鼓楼高34米，基座呈长方形，。现在它的南北两面还各开高为6米的十字型券洞，一直到今天还是交通要道。它的北面还有著名的小吃街。

鼓楼上曾用来报时的大鼓已不知去向，1996年西安市文物局投巨资制作了一面大鼓，就是我们大家现在看到的着面“闻天鼓”。这面大鼓的鼓面是用整张牛皮蒙制的，声音深厚洪亮，重棰之下，十里可闻，这面大鼓已经申报进入了世界基尼斯大全，所以今天来的朋友们都非常的幸运，因为大家看到了世界上最大的鼓。

鼓楼的南北两侧檐下，过去曾悬挂着两幅巨匾额，南面为“文武盛地”。文王、武王时期，天下和平安泰、国富民强，说明了西安古往今来的发达昌盛。北面匾文“声闻于天”，典故是《诗经》中“鹤鸣九皋、声闻于天”。两幅巨匾犹如画龙点睛，使鼓楼生气盎然，为这座古建筑增添了不少光彩，遗憾的是这两块巨匾，在十年浩劫中已被毁坏，现在的匾额按照原有历史资料恢复的。

以上就是我们今天参观的明城墙、钟鼓楼。这些建筑记录了西安沧海桑田的历史，也铭刻了西安人心中的悲怆与骄傲。他们作为历史古迹，就象陈年的老酒，使人心醉，让人回味。

大家好!现在我们就来到了碑林。顾名思义，它的意思就是“碑石丛立如林”，这座博物馆始建于公元1087年，距今已有900余年的历史了。它是收藏我国古代碑石时间最早、数量最多的一座艺术宝库。所以，人们又将其称为“石质书库”。西安碑林是在保存唐代石经的基础上发展起来的。唐代恩所称的石经包括：唐天宝四年，也就是公元的745年，由唐玄宗书写的《石台孝经》;以及唐开成二年，也就是公元的837年刻成的《开成石经》。这些石经原来都立在唐长安城务本坊的国子监太学内。唐朝末年，朱温挟持唐昭宗迁都洛阳，驻守长安的佑国军节度使韩建将长安城进行了缩小，致使石经弃于郊外。在许多人的建议下，韩建和后来的刘郇陆续将这些碑石移到了城内的文宣王庙内，也就是今天的西大街社会路一带。由于那里地势低洼，所以对保存经石不利。于是，公元1087年，在北宋漕运大使吕大忠的组织下，又将那里的碑石移到了今天的位置。这便形成了最早的西安碑林。“碑林”一名始于清代。它收藏了从汉到清的各代碑石3000余件，分布在七个陈列室，八个碑厅和六座碑廊之中。这些碑石主要可以分为“碑林”和“石刻艺术室”两大部分。博物馆占地面积31900平方米，陈列面积3000平方米。碑林博物馆是典型的中国传统庙宇式建筑群。它的前半部分是由原先拜谒孔子的孔庙改建而成，至今仍处处可见孔庙的痕迹。孔子是中国儒家的创始者，历来被封建统治者所推崇。汉武帝就曾提倡“罢黜百家，独尊儒术”。不知大家有没有注意到：按照中国历来的建筑制式，门都是朝南开的。而碑林的门却是东西向的。这是怎么回事呢?这是因为碑林为孔庙旧址，按照中国古代的制度，孔庙的门都开在东西两侧，以示对孔子的尊敬。西门称为“礼门”东门称为“义路”。南面的门则封闭起来，叫做“塞门”。

我国有被誉为世界八大奇迹的兵马俑、第一座佛教建筑白马寺、有凄美爱情传说的雷峰塔等等一些著名历史遗迹，但我一直念念不忘的是西安的大雁塔。今天，我终于踏上了大雁塔之旅。

一到那儿，远远就看见由亲笔题词的四个大字“大慈恩寺”，四个金色大字在黑色的木板上显得熠熠生辉。一进门就看见一座青铜佛像，这佛像就是玄奘，他是慈恩寺的第一任主持。玄奘一脸的安详，身披袈裟，手拿念珠，让我不禁想到玄奘寻找佛经的传说。玄奘那时在大沙漠里行走，身上的水袋已经没水了，他又累又渴，快走不动了，当时他想，我这么忠于佛教，还没有取到真经，难道就这样死了吗?这时天上飞来一只大雁，玄奘认为这是佛祖在帮助他，他就跟着大雁走，果真找到了水源，连佛祖也被玄奘执着的精神所感动。

当我看见佛像后面的大雁塔，也不由的震撼了。大雁塔有七层，看起来非常高，远远看去它像梯子又像一座通天桥，非常壮观。我到了大雁塔的里面，里面非常漂亮，红色的楼梯杆和黑色的楼梯很搭配，听说大雁塔的顶部有舍利子和珍贵的佛经。大雁塔的楼梯是旋转的，我们到了一个台子， 俯视慈恩寺的一切，我听旁边的人说：“这里可真是太美了，太整齐了。”有一位外国人说：“中国的慈恩寺真是太壮观了。”我听了心里美滋滋的。

夕阳西下，我走出大雁塔，夕阳下的大雁塔放佛披着一件金色的衣服，更是壮观雄伟，让我禁不住的赞叹。

回到家，我想到了玄奘的执着，大雁塔的壮观，我要学习玄奘对真理的执着，也对我国的历史而骄傲。

哈喽!欢迎大家来到西安，我是你们的小导游刘琳，我和大家初次见面，请大家多多关照，下面我们就前往清华池吧!

朋友们，我们正在走廊，请大家往前看，那就是黄河母亲，她一身雪白，还抱着不到一岁的孩子，用乳汁哺育这他，这黄河母亲大概有两米多高。我们联想一下我们小时候，妈妈肯定也这么爱你吧!

黄河母亲大家已经看过了，我们就去对面那座山吧!它叫作鸟山，必须坐缆车去。请大家做好准备，缆车要出发了!请大家往下看，这就是清华池，很美丽吧!

好了!大家该下缆车了，我们已经到达鸟山了。请大家往里面走，看!那是八哥!多么可爱呀!大家自己看吧!可不要掉队哦!好了!大家应该看完了，我们下山吧!

look!那是青春泉!听说只要用哪里的泉水洗脸，脸上永远不会有皱纹哦!青春泉的左面是皇上和他的妃子洗澡地方，只要往里面头一两个硬币，就会来年有好运!

好了!今天的清华池一日游结束了!我也要和大家说再见了!请大家不要忘记今天哦!

出租方： (以下简称甲方)

承租方： (以下简称乙方)

甲、乙双方就房屋租赁事宜，达成如下协议：

一、甲方将位于XX市XX街道XX小区X号楼号的房屋出租给乙方居住使用，租赁期限自XX年XX月XX日至XX年XX月XX日，计X个月。

二、本房屋月租金为人民币XX元，按月/季度/年结算。每月月初/每季季初/每年年初X日内，乙方向甲方支付全月/季/年租金。

三、乙方租赁期间，水费、电费、取暖费、燃气费、电话费、物业费以及其它由乙方居住而产生的费用由乙方负担。租赁结束时，乙方须交清欠费。

四、乙方同意预交 元作为保证金，合同终止时，当作房租冲抵。

五、房屋租赁期为 ，从 年 月 日至 年 月 日。在此期间，任何一方要求终止合同，须提前三个月通知对方，并偿付对方总租金 的违约金;如果甲方转让该房屋，乙方有优先购买权。

六、因租用该房屋所发生的除土地费、大修费以外的其它费用，由乙方承担。

七、在承租期间，未经甲方同意，乙方无权转租或转借该房屋;不得改变房屋结构及其用途，由于乙方人为原因造成该房屋及其配套设施损坏的，由乙方承担赔偿责任。

八、甲方保证该房屋无产权纠纷;乙方因经营需要，要求甲方提供房屋产权证明或其它有关证明材料的，甲方应予以协助。

九、就本合同发生纠纷，双方协商解决，协商不成，任何一方均有权向天津开发区人民法院提起诉讼，请求司法解决。

十、本合同连一式X份，甲、乙双方各执X份，自双方签字之日起生效。

甲方：

乙方：

签约日期：

一块古老的土地，历史老人曾镌刻了无数的辉煌; 一座年轻的城市，时代之神正编织着美丽的梦想。

西安，古称长安，是当年意大利探险家马可·波罗笔下《马可·波罗游记》中著名的古丝绸之路的起点。西安，这座永恒的城市，就像一部活的史书，一幕幕，一页页记录着中华民族的沧桑巨变。早在 100 多万年前的旧石器时代，以西安的蓝田猿人为代表，揭开了人类文明的一页。到六、七千年前的新石器时代，先民们在此建造了村落——半坡村，成为中国母系氏族公社繁荣时期的典型代表。西安的建城史已有 3100 多年。历史上周、秦、汉、唐等十二个王朝在此建都，历时 1100 多年。中国意为中央之国，中国的中心之点或叫大地原点就在西安，难怪“秦中自古帝王州”!秦始皇在此建造了中国建筑史上的杰作阿房宫，在骊山建造了规模巨大、埋藏极为丰富的历史宝库秦始皇陵，在汉唐时期，西安就是中国政治、经济、文化和对外交流的中心，是当时人口最早超过百万的国际大都市。“东有罗马，西有长安”是西安在世界历史地位的写照。至今，西安与世界名城雅典、开罗、罗马齐名，同被誉为世界四大文明古都。西安无愧于华夏文明的发源地。

“西安文物甲天下”，深厚的历史文化积淀和浩瀚的文物古迹遗存使西安享有“天然历史博物馆”的美称。

秦始皇兵马俑坑被誉为“世界第八大奇迹”，秦始皇陵是最早列入世界遗产名录的中国遗迹，明代古城墙是至今世界上保存最完整、规模最宏大的古城墙遗址。近年，汉阳陵的开发又一次造成了世界的轰动，其出土的裸体彩俑被誉为“东方维纳斯”。市内有 6000 多年历史的半坡遗址;明代建立的藏石碑三千多块、被誉为石质历史书库的碑林博物馆;文物储藏量全国之最的陕西历史博物馆;唐代著名高僧玄奘法师译经之地大雁塔;西北历史最长的清真寺化觉巷清真大寺，以及西安旅游区内的华夏始祖轩辕黄帝之陵黄帝陵;汉武帝刘彻之墓汉茂陵;唐女皇武则天与唐高宗李治的合葬墓唐乾陵;释伽牟尼佛指舍利存放之处法门寺等驰名中外的景点。

自然景观峭拔险峻，境内及附近有西岳华山、终南山、太白山、王顺山、骊山、楼观台、辋川溶洞等风景名胜区，更有周边的森林公园十余个。人文山水、古城新姿交相辉映，构成古老西安特有的神韵风姿。

西安的旅游商品生产具有浓厚的地方特色，秦俑仿制品、仿古青铜器、秦绣、玉器、丝绸、工艺瓷器、户县农民画、唐三彩、瓷板画、景观表、麦杆画、关中剪纸等民间工艺品十分丰富。全市有推荐旅游购物商店 15 家，可以较好满足游客不同层次的购物需要。同时，西安的餐饮业可以供应全国八大菜系及欧美西餐、日本料理、韩国烧烤、东南亚风味、清真等各式美味佳肴，发掘仿唐菜 120 多种，形成以唐菜为主的传统菜和以陕菜为主的现代菜。在全国饮食业优质产品评选中西安的饺子宴，羊肉泡馍等八个品种荣获金鼎奖，特别是西安独具特色的地方小吃吸引着八方宾客。

西安自古以来就是交通要道，是中国东部通往西北、西南以及西亚各国的咽喉。如今铁路、公路、航空交织成网，四通八达，把西安与全国连成一体。中国四大国际空港之一的西安咸阳国际机场与国内各城市开辟有 100 多条航线。

如今的西安，又是一座以机械、电子、电工、航空航天、轻工工业为主，拥有 500 多个科研机构、 40 余所大专院校，经济繁荣、环境优美、文明整洁的现代城市。

疫情让课堂教育不能正常开展，但对孩子的社会和品德教育却一刻也不能放松。抗击疫情这场没有硝烟的战争，就是活生生的教科书。全国上下同心同力共抗疫情的历史，就是对中小学生进行教育的契机。

防控疫情教育是一次难得的科普教育，对孩子们是一个不断提高科学素养、学会科学认识事物、理性思考问题的过程;抗击疫情教育也是一次感恩教育，除了奋战在最前线的白衣天使，还有警察、社区工作者、清洁、快递员、志愿者等许多普普通通的守护者。让孩子们知道，正是他们在用平凡造就伟大，用担当守护安宁;抗击疫情教育更是一次生活教育，开学不止于学校，生活正是的老师。让孩子们快速增强自我管理、自我提升能力的过程，养成良好的卫生和生活习惯，合理规划时间，自主进行学习，学会与大自然和谐相处，感受个人和国家的关系密不可分，这些都将让他们终生受益。

“云课堂”更是对各地教育界人士的一次检验和考核。考核的是在特殊情况下机动灵活开展教学辅导工作的思路，检验的是教职员工利用网络信息化手段进行教学实践的能力，更是在考验学校、教育部门非常时期的责任与担当。疫情阻隔了学生们走出家门的路，社会教育机构利用学生长时间在家这个庞大的“市场”，开始利用各种平台大肆卖课，增加着学生假期和停课期间的负担。我们欣喜地看到学校和教育部门主动承担起了教育的责任，用对学生成长负责的原则，利用公立学校对学生和家长的直接影响，把文艺、体育、科学、生理、心理等内容，甚至“眼保健操”“课间体操”的双操加入学生每天的“云课堂”中，并在此基础上合理设置课程时长，在保护学生视力的基础上实现对学生的全面、科学、健康的教育，让学生获得的不只是知识，更是成长!更重要的是挤压掉了社会培训补习机构所占据的学生的时间，真正为学生减负，一举多得。

今年是特别的一年，有一个特别的春天;今年是特别的一年，有一个特别的学期。虽然特别，但冬天终将过去，毕竟春天终将到来。学生们也终将走出家门，回到课堂与想念的老师、同学重逢相聚。我们希望那时的他们就像向着春日暖阳拔地生长、绽放蓓蕾的小苗和花朵，有着的状态、释放蓬勃的朝气。

游客们，你们好!我是导游张逸轩，大家能够叫我张导。这是我们阳光旅行社的帽子，请大家戴上，便于辨认，我今日为大家介绍的景点是兵马俑，期望大家在参观兵马俑的同时，渡过欢乐的时光!

秦兵马俑是秦始皇陵的陪葬坑，位于西安临潼南约5公里。陵园规模宏大，近20000平方米，有50个篮球场那么大，陪葬品众多，在1987年12月列入《世界遗产名录》。

大家进了拱形大厅，首先看到的是俑。它身材魁梧，头戴鹖冠，身披铠甲，手握宝剑，昂首挺胸。那神态自若的样貌，一看就明白是久经沙场，重任在肩，经验丰富。

看完了俑，我们再观看武士俑。武士俑平均身高约1.8米，它体格健壮，体型匀称。看它们身穿战袍，披挂铠甲，脚蹬前端向上翘的战靴，手持兵器，整装待发，十分威风。

武士俑的旁边就是骑兵俑。它们上身着短甲，下身着紧口裤，足登长靴，右手执缰绳，左手持弓箭，好像随时准备上马冲锋。

我们刚才参观的是兵俑，接下来我们参观马俑。看陶马跟真马一样大，每一匹都是形体健壮，肌肉丰满，好像一声令下，就会撒开四蹄，腾空而起，踏上征程。

秦兵马俑，是我们中国人的骄傲，因为它在全世界都是绝无仅有的，它模拟军阵的排列，生动地再现了秦军雄兵百万，战车千乘的宏伟气势，形象地展示了我们中华民族的强大力量和英雄气概。

接下来是拍照时间，大家能够自由拍照，拍完后回宾馆。

各位游客大家好!欢迎大家来到古城西安旅游，我是你们的导游，我姓黄，叫我小黄或伟群都行。我今天有幸陪同大家一起参观，很高兴，希望我能和各位一起度过这一段美好的时光。今天我先带大家去最著名的秦兵马俑。

秦兵马俑在我国西安临潼出土，今天我就带领你们游览这举世无双，享誉世界的历史文物。

看!这就是将军佣，它身体魁梧，头戴鹤冠，身上披着铠甲，手里还握着宝剑，看它若有所思的样子，好象在考虑如何打退匈奴大军呢!

瞧!这个兵马俑是陶马，它的大小跟真马差不多，个个形体键壮，肌肉丰满，看它跃跃欲试的样子，好象一声令下，就会撒开四蹄，腾空而起，踏上征程哩!

今天，我的讲解就到这，档案，先的景点不知这一关额，还有先古城墙，华清池等等，这些景点我都会带你们去的，今天我们就先到这里，大家回去好好休息，然后有一个好的状态再继续我们明天的行程，希望大家今晚能休息好，我们明天见。

今天在中国教育报上读到一则报道，说的是，日前，浙江一所高校国旗护卫队全体队员与师生代表共同参加了一场特殊的“云”升旗仪式。因为疫情影响，大学生们尚未返校，升旗仪式无法正常进行。

为此，这所大学决定举行学校历的首次网络升旗仪式，同时也是一堂鲜活的爱国主义思政课。

上网课，成为这个春天的高频词，网课也是课，是课就要学知识，开眼界，明真理。连日来，多地连续出现上网课之前，学生在网上向国旗敬礼并举行宣誓仪式，致敬抗疫一线的英雄们的场面。其中不仅有大学生，还有中小学生。升旗仪式结束后，还要致敬在湖北抗疫的白衣战士。

三月花儿开了千万朵，但我们翘首盼望的开学季，还是没有如期到来。新冠病毒肺炎疫情突发，使今年的春季学期被迫延期。教育育人这件事，快进不可，但暂停更不行。

若非新冠疫情，亿万个孩子早就背着书包上学去了，读书，写字，升旗，做操……这是属于孩子们的风景。

然而，在疫情面前，我们又不得不科学面对，防患于未然。如今，各地学校都在按照教育部的要求，以在线教育方式授课，以做到“停课不停学”。而不少地方的学校仍把原来每天的升国旗仪式改到网络进行，因为汹汹的疫情不能冲淡我们的爱国主义教育。

而且，这对学生来说，居家接受在线教育的内容很广泛，既有文化知识的学习，也有人生观和价值观的培育。把疫情防控与教育教学结合起来，宣讲抗疫英雄们的事迹，培养“家事国事天下事事事关心”的家国情怀，可谓意义深远。因为，此时此刻，对学生们的教育更具针对性，更有接近性，更鲜活，也更易被孩子们领悟和接收。

总之，这是一堂教会孩子们胸怀家国、铭记教训的大课。在疫情防控期间，包括青少年在内的所有人，每天都在接受一趟趟生动的爱国主义教育课。在抗击疫情中厚植家国情怀，感悟生命的珍贵、科学的奥秘、道德的价值、人民的伟大、民族的不屈。

从而，在这场大课中培育和践行社会主义核心价值观，以此汇聚强大的精神力量，同样是为全面夺取新冠疫情防控阻击战胜利助力。

推动跨学院合作，课程思政与思政课程同频共振。外国语学院积极开展课程思政建设工作，获批两项校级质量工程“课程思政”教学研究类课题，组织教师积极参加“课程思政”专题培训。自疫情防控以来，学院与马克思主义学院以其重点推进思政教育工作室项目为切入点，推进跨学院合作，开展课程思政专题研讨。总支书记赵睿从自身思政教育的学理背景出发，从“路径问题”、“维度问题”、“具体内容分类”三个方面与学院教师进行教学理念深度交流，深化对课程思政的认识，通过时空双维拓展和“四个自信”的框架搭建解决“课程思政到底融什么、如何有效融”的教师之问;同时学院就开拓大学英语课程思政“第二课堂”活动进行交流研讨，力求大学英语课程教学内容与思政课程交融会通，实现思政课程与课程思政的同频共振。

对接价值需求，专业教育与思政教育两促进。外国语学院结合学生专业特色和人才培养目标，调查学生价值需求，探索符合学生认知规律和情感接受能力的育人效果提升机制通过对学生学习成效和学习轨迹的跟踪分析，发掘学生的“价值需求侧”，加强大学英语课程育人资源的共享和整合，深度挖掘各门课程中蕴含的思想政治教育元素，巧妙地把防疫抗疫题材融入教学，把防控工作中的生动实践变成课堂教学的丰富内容，着力培养学生的家国情怀和社会责任感，激励学生勇于担当，充分发挥课堂思政育人功能，确保专业教育和思想政治教育两不误、两促进。

创新教学模式，拓展课程思政空间见成效。外语“课程思政”传播的价值引导转化无论是知识传授还是价值引导，都是学生认知领域观念的重构过程。目前学院通过“线上+线下”和“课内+课外”两结合的混合式教学实践，不断拓展课程思政空间，延长课程思政时效，引导学生通过完成各种或基于语言、或基于主题、或基于项目的任务，置身于话题展示、小组讨论、角色扮演、时事报道等语言活动之中，通过团队协作，共同在“做”的过程中不断提高英语综合应用能力，开展爱国主义教育和理想信念教育，加强社会责任和感恩意识教育，加强防控教育和身心健康意识教育，从而提升价值引领和意识形态教育效果。

尤其在疫情防控期间，学院将课程思政的切入点放置在学习疫情防控第一线的最美“逆行者”，培养学生不畏艰难、锲而不舍的敬业精神和敬畏生命、崇尚真理的科学精神，逐步形成了师生携手、坚定信心、科学抗疫、正面发声、积极行动的共识，在外语课程有机融合课程思政迈出可喜的步伐，是课程思政春风化雨、润物无声的有益探索。

唐景云钟因铸于唐睿宗景云二年，是1953年移入西安碑林的，以青铜铸造，重约6吨。钟身为三格，最顶端蹲有蒲牢，钟身分别雕刻有精美的蔓草、祥云、凤凰、狮、牛、鹤等纹饰及32枚钟乳，既装饰了钟表，又起到调节音韵的作用。钟身正面铸有唐睿宗李旦自撰自书的骈体铭文292字，是李旦书法仅遗于世的绝少手笔。景云钟的钟声悦耳动听，浑厚悠扬，咱们每年除夕夜中央人民广播电台的钟声就是用景云钟录制的。

我左手边是另一件国宝级文物，大夏石马。大夏是少数民族匈奴族建立的一个王朝，大夏王朝只有短短的24年，由于当时的战乱，大夏国遗留下来的文物极其稀少。因此我们今天看到的这巨石马就显得更加珍贵了。

现在请大家看远处的这个巨大的匾额，上面书写着“碑林”二字。你仔细观察就会发现，这个“碑”字少了一撇。那么为什么会少一撇呢?难道这是一个错别字吗?显然这是不可能的。这两个字出自清代著名的爱国将领林则徐之手。有人说“碑”字少了一撇，正好象征他当时丢了乌纱帽。其实，并不是这样的。这是因为古代的汉字讲究对称，“碑”字少了一撇，只是为了看起来对称美观罢了。

大家眼前屹立的这通高大威严的石碑，便是《石台孝经》。《孝经》是孔子的学生曾参编撰的讲的是孝道，提倡“事君如事父”唐玄宗李隆基亲自为此碑作释作序并书写，目的就是想表示自己是以孝来治理天下。此碑高近6米，碑身、背座、碑首由35块巨石组成。所以此碑显的是顶天立地气度不凡，因此也有“迎客第一碑”之称。

Today, we will visit Huashan Mountain, which is known as "stone for lotusand cloud for platform". Huashan Mountain is located in Huayin City, ShaanxiProvince, 100 kilometers away from the ancient city of Xian. It is a branch ofthe eastern Qinling Mountains. It was formed as early as 700 million years ago.It was called "Xiyue" in ancient times. It is one of the five mountains inChina. In December 1992, Huishan mountain was rated as one of the top 40 scenicspots in China. It is tall and steep, magnificent. The five main peaks aretowering, just like a blooming lotus, full of vitality and brilliance. The fivemain peaks are called Dongfeng (Chaoyang peak), Xifeng (Lianhua peak), Nanfeng(Luoyan peak), Beifeng (Yuntai peak) and Zhongfeng (yunnv peak). Among them,Nanfeng is the highest with an altitude of 2160.5 meters, while Beifeng is thelowest with an altitude of 1614.7 meters. Li Daoyuan, a geographer of theNorthern Wei Dynasty, said in shuijingzhu that Huashan Mountain "looks like aflower from a distance.". In ancient Chinese, "Hua" and "Hua" are common, sothey are called Huashan. According to the research of Gu Yanwu, a scholar inQing Dynasty, our ancestor Xuanyuan yellow emperor once lived in the YellowRiver Valley of Huashan and Xiaxian County in Shanxi Province, so the Chinesepeople are called Huaxia descendants. The "Hua" of "China" is named afterHuashan, which has become the spiritual portrayal of the Chinese nation. It canbe said that the Yellow River is the mother river and Huashan is the fathermountain.

I believe that even friends who have never been to Huashan will learnsomething about Huashan from some interesting myths and anecdotes, such as "aroad to Huashan since ancient times", "fairy palm of Huayue", "aloes splittingmountain to save mother", "Huashan discussing sword", and modern wisdom tocapture Huashan. These beautiful myths and stories reflect peoples yearning andworship for Huashan since ancient times.

How did Huashan come into being? First of all, there is a legend: it issaid that when Dayu was harnessing the water, people and gods helped himeverywhere. When the water of the Yellow River led out of Longmen and came toTongguan, he was blocked by two high mountains. Dayu could not help sighing.When the giant spirit heard Dayus sigh in heaven, he immediately came to Dayuby flying clouds and fog, expressing his willingness to help him. The giantspirit seized the top of a mountain in the south. The mountain was split in twoin an instant. Then he opened the mountain in the north with his feet. TheYellow River flowed through the gap. The mountain in the south is divided intotwo parts, the high one is Huashan, and the low one is Taihua. Li Bai has a poemthat "the giant spirit roars and breaks two mountains, and the flood rushes tothe East China Sea.".

Huashan overlooks the Yellow River in the north and Qinling Mountains inthe south. It is known as "Huashan ruli". The whole mountain has simple lines,such as knife cutting and axe splitting. Its unique peaks are abrupt andmajestic. It is known as "the most dangerous mountain in the world".

Huashan is famous for its wonderful and dangerous scenery. Huashan has"five wonders", which are "strange stones", "strange trees", "strange water","strange caves" and "strange roads". Huashan Shiqi, speaking of Qi, is composedof a huge and complete granite. The ancients said, "its not strange that thereare no stones in the mountain, its not strange that there are no pure stones.""Huashan is cut into four directions, its width is ten li, its height is fivethousand Ren, one stone is also called" Daqi ". Huashan has five main peaks,among which the East, West and South peaks are the highest, and the three peaksstand in opposition, "flying out of the clouds and falling into the YellowRiver", known as "three peaks outside the sky". When it comes to danger, the"Changkong plank road" erected in the air, the "Quanzhen rock" engraved on theoverhanging rock, the "Yaozi turning over" with three sides of the air, the"Yaozi turning over" with convex top and concave bottom, and the "qianchitong","baichixia", "Laojun furrow", "chaerya" and "canglongling" dug on theoverhanging rock of the cliff are all extremely dangerous.

Huashan has not only magnificent natural landscape, but also richhistorical and cultural accumulation. It is one of the four famous mountains inChina. Taoist culture has a long history here. Human landscape is everywhere,which makes people forget to return.

Todays tour of Huashan begins with Yuquan temple, which is known as thestarting point of Huashang road since ancient times. Yuquan temple is a famousQuanzhen Taoist temple in northern China and one of the main places for ChineseTaoist activities. It was built in 1049-1051 during the reign of emperorShenzong of the Song Dynasty. It was built by Taoist Jia Desheng for master ChenTuan. It was destroyed and repaired several times before it came into existencein the Ming and Qing Dynasties Now this scale, the name of Xiyi temple, becausethe song Taizu gave Chen Tuan the name "Mr. Xiyi". Later, it was renamedyuquanyuan. The scenic spots in Yuquan courtyard include baishitai, WuyouPavilion, 72 windows, Quanzhen Qizi hall, main hall, Tongtian Pavilion, etc.

Through yuquanyuan, you will embark on the journey of Huashan Mountain fromancient times. This mountain climbing Road is 12.5km long and has 9567 steps.Along the way, you can see the charming scenery of the mountains and thetempting Shinto. There is only one road to a famous mountain since ancienttimes, which is a wonder of the world. It has its own records. The road wasbuilt in the Tang Dynasty. Climbing along this road to Huashan can not onlyexercise and surpass itself, but also cherish the memory of the sages andexpress the feelings of the ancient. At the same time, this road is also themost beautiful scenery of Huashan. Only by climbing it can we really appreciateand understand Huashan.

Along the way, through wuliguan, shaluoping, maonvdong and qingkeping, wearrive at the throat of Huashan Mountain. Here is the dangerous road called"Taihua throat" named "qianchizhuang". It has 370 steps with a slope of 70degrees. Local people have a saying about this dangerous road, which is called"qianchichuang, baichixia, Laojun plough up". After a thousand feet building,the dangerous road with 46 meters high and 91 stone steps is baichi gorge.

After crossing qianchichuang and baichixia, we come to the final difficultyof climbing the north peak. It is said that there was no road here. It wasopened by taishanglaojun driving a green ox with an iron plow. Because the shapeis like a furrow left by plowing, it is called Laojun furrow. In Taoist terms,"Li Gou" means that tourists come here, that is to say, they come to heaven,leave the dust and reach the fairyland.

After Laojuns furrow, he came to the north peak of Huashan Mountain, whichwas named because it was in the north of the main peak of Huayue mountain. It isalso called "Yuntai peak" because the three peaks of Huayue look like flowers inthe distance, and the top of the north peak is surrounded by white clouds, whichis like a platform of white clouds supporting lotus. It is the lowest of thefive peaks of Huashan Mountain, with an altitude of 1614 meters. Shangtong hasfour peaks: Central, South, East and West. It is not only an ideal resting placefor tourists after adventure, but also the best place to enjoy the top of themountain. On October 8, 20__, Mr. Jin Yong ascended Huashan Mountain and talkedabout swordsmen and swordsmen at the top of the mountain, presenting a moderncultural version of "Huashan swordsman".

Standing on the top of the north peak, we can see the main peak shape ofHuashan and other surrounding scenic spots. Its rocks are mainly granite, mostlywhite. Why are all the rocks in Huashan white? Geologists have found that therocks in Huashan have high content of silicon dioxide, so the color is white.Huashan, which is made of white granite, coincides with the main white in thewestern world controlled by the God of Huashan in Xiyue. This is acoincidence.

After touring Beifeng, crossing chaeryan and climbing TIANTI, you come tocanglongling, the most famous scenic spot in Huashan Mountain. Canglongling isnamed for its green and black ridge, winding like a Canglong in the air.

"After the golden gate, its another heavy day." now we are at the famousGolden Gate of Huashan. Jinsuoguan, also known as tongtianmen, is the throatleading to Huashans "tianwaisanfeng". After Tongtian gate, there is Zhongfeng,also known as yunnv peak. It is said that this was once the place where the jadegirl lived in seclusion, so it is also known as "jade girl peak". The jade girlis the daughter of Qin Mugong, one of the five tyrants in the spring and Autumnperiod and the Warring States period. She has a peerless appearance and is goodat playing flute. Now there is another cave in the West peak of HuashanMountain, which is called "the first cave in the world". It is the place wherePrincess Nongyu married Xiao Shixi, a hermit of Huashan Mountain.

After visiting Zhongfeng, you can climb the ladder to Dongfeng. Dongfeng,also known as Chaoyang peak, is 2090 meters above sea level. It is the bestplace for mountaineers to enjoy the sunrise of Huashan Mountain. The main scenicspots of Dongfeng include Botai, Yaozi turning over, chess Pavilion and so on.The kite turning over is known as the second danger of Huashan Mountain. Thecliff is more than ten feet high. When tourists arrive here, they need to climbthe iron rope by hand, step on the stone nest by foot, attach to the wall, andwhen they get near, they have to turn around on their side feet, so it is calledkite turning over.

Now we come to Nanfeng, the highest peak of Huashan Mountain, with analtitude of 2154.9 meters. It is said that geese returning to the north have torest here when they fly over Huashan Mountain, so it is also called Luoyan peak.There is water at the top of the peak. Its called yangtianchi. The water in thepond is not dry for a long time, and the water is not overflowing for a longtime, forming a spectacle. This is also the most concentrated place ofcalligraphy and stone carvings, such as "standing up to heaven", "bathing in thesun and the moon" and "towering in the sky", all of which highlight the heightof Nanfeng from different angles.

After visiting the south peak and passing through the alchemy furnace, youcome to the West peak of Huashan Mountain. Because there is a natural stone leafon the top of the peak, such as lotus petals, it is also called lotus peak, withan altitude of 2082 meters. Cuiyun palace is the best preserved Taoist temple onXifeng mountain. Its dedicated to doulao, the mother of the stars. This is alsothe place where we are all familiar with the story of Chenxiang splitting themountain to save her mother. The extraordinary as if done by the spirits of thenorth peak, we saw the great scenery of the central peak. We saw the beautifulsunrise of the East peak, and felt the high and steep south peak. We enjoyed theessence of Xifeng and enjoyed the wonders of the whole Huashan. We had beendoing amazing work for millions of years in Huashan. It has created abreathtaking and magnificent natural landscape of Huashan, and has accumulatedrich cultural connotations through thousands of years of literary and literarychants. It can be said that Huashan is closely linked with Huaxia, which is thesymbol of the Chinese nation. From the legends and allusions about Huashan, wecan see that it is not only broad, tactful, elegant, deep and serious, but alsohumorous, witty, even romantic and gentle. Isnt this a true portrayal of ourChinese nation?

这个暑假，妈妈要带我去西安，我得知这个消息之后很激动，立马从网上寻找西安的资料。

“西安市是中华人民共和国陕西省省会，兼具现代感和历史感，因为作为华夏文明的发源地，世界四大文明古都(西安、罗马、开罗、雅典)之一，西安历史悠久，文化积淀非常厚重。西安周围有120多座帝王陵墓围绕，有着”天然历史博物馆“的美誉;兵马俑坑被誉为”世界第八大奇迹“;秦始皇陵为最早列入世界遗产名录的中国遗迹;古城墙也是至今世界上保存最完整、规模最宏大的古城墙遗址。”当我看到西安的介绍时，我对西安这个神秘的城市产生了浓厚的兴趣。

对了，我们在学习语文的过程中，不是学习过《秦兵马俑》一课吗?我们来回顾一下课文吧：兵马俑规模宏大。已发掘的三个俑坑，总面积达19120平方米，足有两个半足球场那么大，坑内有兵马俑近8000个。在三个俑坑中，一号坑最大，东西长230米，南北宽62米，总面积有14260平方米，坑里的兵马俑也最多，共有6000个左右。一号坑上面，现在已盖起了一座巨大的拱形大厅。走进大厅，人们无不为兵马俑的恢宏气势和高潮的制作工艺所折服。站在高处鸟瞰，坑里的兵俑，马俑相间，一行行，一列列，十分整齐，排成了一个巨大的长方形军阵，看上去真像是秦始皇当年统率的一支南征北战，所向披靡的大军。

兵马俑不仅规模宏大，而且类型众多，个性鲜明。

将军俑身材魁梧，头戴金冠，身披铠甲，手握宝剑，昂首挺胸，站在队伍前列，像是在指挥身后的军吏和士兵行进。那神态自若的样子，一看就知道是久经沙场，肩负重任的高级将领。

武士俑高1.8米，体格健壮，体态匀称，身上穿着战袍，套着铠甲，脚上蹬着前端向上翘起的战靴，头发大多挽成了偏向右侧的发髻。它们有的握着铜戈，有的擎着利剑，有的拿着盾牌。个个目光炯炯，双唇紧闭，神态严峻，好像一场大战就在眼前。课文中的秦兵马俑真是写的惟妙惟肖，栩栩如生啊!

西安正向我招手，西安，我来了!

西安碑林博物馆导游词【精选】

西安碑林博物馆(Forest of Stone Steles Museum)是陕西创建最早的博物馆，它以收藏、陈列和研究历代碑刻、墓志及石刻为主，成为在中国独树一帜的艺术博物馆。现有馆藏文物11000余件，其中国宝级文物19个号134件，一级文物535件。著名的“昭陵六骏”就有四骏藏于本馆。陈列由碑林、石刻艺术和其它文物展览三部分组成，共12个展室。现有7座碑室、8座碑廊、8座碑亭，加上石刻艺术室和4座文物陈列，陈列面积达到4900平米。以下是小编为大家收集的关于西安碑林博物馆导游词范文，仅供参考!

西安碑林博物馆导游词

西安碑林博物馆导游词女士们，先生们大家好!

现在我们就来到了碑林。顾名思义，它的意思就是“碑石丛立如林”，这座博物馆始建于公元1087年，距今已有900余年的历史了。它是收藏我国古代碑石时间最早、数量最多的一座艺术宝库。所以，人们又将其称为“石质书库”。西安碑林是在保存唐代石经的基础上发展起来的。唐代恩所称的石经包括：唐天宝四年，也就是公元的745年，由唐玄宗书写的《石台孝经》;以及唐开成二年，也就是公元的837年刻成的《开成石经》。这些石经原来都立在唐长安城务本坊的国子监太学内。唐朝末年，朱温挟持唐昭宗迁都洛阳，驻守长安的佑国军节度使韩建将长安城进行了缩小，致使石经弃于郊外。在许多人的建议下，韩建和后来的刘郇陆续将这些碑石移到了城内的文宣王庙内，也就是今天的西大街社会路一带。由于那里地势低洼，所以对保存经石不利。于是，公元1087年，在北宋漕运大使吕大忠的组织下，又将那里的碑石移到了今天的位置。这便形成了最早的西安碑林。

“碑林”一名始于清代。它收藏了从汉到清的各代碑石3000余件，分布在七个陈列室，八个碑厅和六座碑廊之中。这些碑石主要可以分为“碑林”和“石刻艺术室”两大部分。博物馆占地面积31900平方米，陈列面积3000平方米。碑林博物馆是典型的中国传统庙宇式建筑群。它的前半部分是由原先拜谒孔子的孔庙改建而成，至今仍处处可见孔庙的痕迹。孔子是中国儒家的创始者，历来被封建统治者所推崇。汉武帝就曾提倡“罢黜百家，独尊儒术”。不知大家有没有注意到：按照中国历来的建筑制式，门都是朝南开的。而碑林的门却是东西向的。这是怎么回事呢?这是因为碑林为孔庙旧址，按照中国古代的制度，孔庙的门都开在东西两侧，以示对孔子的尊敬。西门称为“礼门”东门称为“义路”。南面的门则封闭起来，叫做“塞门”。大家现在看到的这个高大的牌坊叫做“太和元气坊”。它是明代的建筑，是由华山西岳庙移过来的，采用的是四柱三檐。上面的这些彩画是和玺彩画。中国古代制度森严，彩画也是有等级的。最高的是和玺彩画，另外还有旋子彩画和苏式彩画。

大家眼前看到的这两个半圆形的水池，它是孔庙特有的建筑。按照古代制度，国家级孔庙内的水池为圆形，叫“辟雍”;地方级孔庙内的水池为半圆形，叫做“泮池”。“泮”是三滴水加个一半的半。汉字讲究象形，“泮”就是半个水池。孔子提倡学无止境，学问永远没有满的时候，就像这水池，永远也不可能成为满圆形的。在古代，只有考中秀才的人才可以走上泮池中间的小桥，当一回秀才。

在泮池北边的这个石牌坊也是孔庙特有的建筑，称为“棂星门”。传说“棂星”是二十八星宿中主管取土的神。当年，进出棂星门有严格规定：祭孔大典时，只有主祭的最高官员才能由中门出入;一般官员由西门出入;其他人员由东门出入。所以就有了成语“旁门左道”。现在我们已经进入了棂星门内。中国古代的建筑都是讲究中轴对称的。那么，碑林也不例外。碑林的各个陈列室以棂星门的中门为中轴线，自南向北对称排列。两边的房间为临时陈列室。大家请注意看，中央道路两旁有许多的石柱，它是我国古代民间石刻的瑰宝—渭北栓马桩。这些栓马桩高2米左右，上面刻有各种纹饰，造型丰富。马是古代重要的交通和作战工具。在一望无垠的渭北高原上，出于交通与军事的需要，在驿站旁边设立了大批的栓马桩。它除了可以栓系、震慑牲畜这个目的外，还具有震邪、吉祥和装饰的意义。在解放前，渭北地区的官宦或富豪人家的院门外两侧大都栽有成排的栓马桩。

现在请大家看远出处的这个巨大的匾额，上面书写着“碑林”二字。你仔细观察就会发现，这个“碑”字少了一撇。那么为什么会少一撇呢?难道这是一个错别字吗?显然这是不可能的。这两个字出自清代著名的爱国将领林则徐之手。战争之后，他革职戍守新疆伊犁。当时路经西安，写下了这两个字。有人说“碑”字少了一撇，正好象征他当时丢了乌纱帽。其实，并不是这样的。你待会儿就会发现，碑林中的所有“碑”字都少了一撇。这是因为古代的汉字讲究对称，“碑”字少了一撇，只是为了看起来对称美观罢了。

现在请大家看这通高大威严的石碑，这便是久负盛名的《石台孝经》。它是碑林中最大的石碑。《孝经》是儒家经典之一，是由孔子的学生曾参编纂的。全书共分18章，主要讲述封建社会基本伦理道德之一的孝道。并且把孝敬父母和忠于君王联系起来，提倡“事君如事父”，以宗法血缘关系维护封建统治，因而得到历代封建统治阶级的特殊重视。认为“孝”是一切道德的根本，把“以孝治天下”视为基本统治策略。《石台孝经》的前半部分是唐玄宗李隆基用隶书为孝经作的序，目的是为了表示自己要以孝来治理天下。后半部分是孝经的原文。那些小字是李隆基为孝经作的注释。在当时，此碑立在国子监太学内，因此被称为“御碑”。又因为此碑建在三层石台之上，所以叫做《石台孝经》。这块碑石高近6米，碑座、碑身、碑首由35块巨石组成。碑顶雕有卷云蜷龙，似乎就要凌空而去。碑身由四块巨石组成，是整个碑林中碑身最大的一块石碑。碑座底下有三层石台，形制特殊。“风流天子”唐玄宗也擅长书法，这块碑刻书法工整，字迹清晰，华美飘逸，在唐代隶书中堪称佼佼者。这块碑林中的超级巨碑因为太大，只好向下延伸，在碑亭中形成一个方坑，向上则快到亭顶，显得顶天立地，气度不凡，因此被称为“迎客第一碑”。

现在请各位随我进入碑林的第一陈列室。这里展出由艾由晦、陈等楷书的《开成石经》。“开成”是因为它刻于唐文宗开成二年，也就是公元837年。“经”，是指中国古代儒家的经典著作。《开成石经》包括12部著作，除《孝经》外，《周易》通过八卦形式推测自然和社会变化，是先秦思想史的重要资料;《诗经》是编成于春秋时代的中国最早诗歌总集;《周礼》、《仪礼》和《礼记》是先秦典章制度与社会礼俗的汇集;《春秋左传》、《公羊传》、《谷梁传》分别从史料和儒家义理角度阐释我国最早的编年史《春秋》;《论语》是技记述孔子言行的专集;《尔雅》是我国最早解释词义的专著。这些都是封建社会文人学士的必读之书。因为当时雕版印刷还不普遍，为避免传抄错误，唐文宗下令把它们刻在石碑上，立于国家最高学府国子监太学内，供人们校对。《开成石经》由114块碑石双面组成，共计228面，650152字。清代又补刻了《孟子》一书9石，合称十三经。中国历史上曾经组织过7次经籍石刻，只有这一部保存得最完整。加上时代又早，史料价值极高，人们赞叹它是“世界上最厚最重的书籍“。