南京夫子庙导游词讲解【实用20篇】

Yuejiang tower in Nanjing, Yellow Crane Tower in Wuhan, Yueyang Tower inYueyang and Tengwang Pavilion in Nanchang are known as the four famous buildingsin Jiangnan. It is located in the northwest of Nanjing City, adjacent to theYangtze River. The building is 52 meters high and has seven floors. It is one ofthe four famous buildings in the south of the Yangtze River, with blue tiles,Zhuying, cornice, zhufengfei and Tongye. After Zhu Yuanzhang became emperor, heonce again visited Lulong mountain in 1374. He wanted to build a toweringPavilion on the mountain, so he personally wrote Yuejiang Lou Ji, which ismagnificent and full of maneuvers. Because of Lulong mountains "abrupt peak,lingyanxia and invading Han Dynastys exterior, short-sighted from a distance,the real lion dragon (the alias of lion)," he changed its name to lion Zishan.In the spring of that year, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered his officials to write morethan 100 pieces of Yuejiang Lou Ji, among which Song Lian, a great scholar,wrote the most excellent one, and was recorded in Guwen Guanzhi, which washanded down to the world together with Zhu Yuanzhangs Yuejiang Lou Ji. ZhuYuanzhang built "Pingdi" for Yuejiang building, but it was not built for variousreasons.

"One river runs thousands of miles to the sea, two records of hulou sixhundred years.". This wonderful couplet is a true portrayal of the six hundredyears of vicissitudes of Yuejiang building in Nanjing. When you climb theYuejiang tower and look far away, you can see the vast river rolling eastward.Its like a panoramic view of the six hundred years of rain and smoke sinceZheng Hes voyages to the West. Yuejianglou staff said that Zheng He Pang

The big fleet came out of the Xiaguan Longjiang River in Nanjing and sailedfrom here to Liujiagang anchorage in Taicang.

Yuejianglou scenic area covers a total area of 31 hectares, of which wateraccounts for 1 / 3, land accounts for 2 / 3, and the green coverage rate reaches85%. There are more than 30 historical sites in the scenic area, such asYuejiang tower, Wanxian Pavilion, ancient fort, Sun Yat Sens Yuejiang place,Wujun tunnel, ancient city wall, dizang temple, wuse Tu, Jinghai temple, etc. itis a national famous tourist attraction integrating cultural landscape andnatural landscape. It is a national AAAA tourist attraction. Yuejiang building,with the theme of Ming culture, is divided into three main parts of"unification, opening up and development"; it shows the statues of 16 emperorsof Ming Dynasty and the territory of Ming Dynasty. There are also five "nationalbest" porcelain paintings in the scenic area, such as the complete picture ofZheng Hes voyages to the west, the double-sided embroidery of the four famousbuildings in the south of the Yangtze River, the white jade carving of Yuejiangtower, the tripod of Yuejiang tower, and the relief of Shiling Yuejiang, whichare novel in conception, exquisite in workmanship, and unique incharacteristics, fully reflecting the long history and rich cultural heritage ofYuejiang tower.

各位游客，大家好！欢迎大家来到我们莲花佛国——九华山旅游！我是大家此次旅行的导游，我叫王萍，大家叫我小王就好了。下面首先向大家介绍一下我们九华山的概况。九华山位于安徽省池州市，是安徽“两山一湖”黄金旅游区的主要景区，这里景色秀丽，古刹林立，与四川峨眉山，山西五台山、浙江普陀山并称我国的四大佛教名山。

九华山原来并不叫九华山，在唐朝的时候叫做九子山，因为九华山山峰秀丽，高出云层的山峰有九座，因此九座九子山。唐天宝年间，诗仙李白曾两次到过此地，先后写下“妙有分二气，灵山开九华，天河挂绿水，秀出九芙蓉”等千古佳句，九华山因此而得名，并且一直沿用到今天。

九华山宗教活动历史悠久，道教最先在九华山发展，佛教更加兴盛。在唐开元年间，新罗国王子金乔觉航海东来，遍访名山，最后选在我们的九华山修行。夜间露宿在山上的山洞里，渴了就喝山上的山泉水，饿了就吃山上的野生植物。最后在他99岁的时候圆寂。佛教界认为他生前苦修，圆寂后与佛经里所记载的地藏菩萨相合，尊为地藏菩萨应化，因他在未出家的时候姓金，因此又称为金地藏。九华山也就自此被辟为地藏菩萨的道场。唐代后，九华山佛教声明渐著，经过历朝历代的修葺，到清代全山寺院已经有150多座了，祇园寺、东崖寺、百岁宫、甘露寺四大丛林，香火之盛甲天下。

下面我们首先进入的是九华街景区，首先看到的是一座石门坊。它是大理石雕刻而成，高9米，是仿清的徽派建筑。横额上镌刻着康熙皇帝御书的“九华胜境”四个大字。中门两柱南北下方雕有石狮。门仿端庄典雅，过了门坊大家看到的就是迎仙桥了，这座桥修建于乾隆年间，是一座单孔石拱桥，下面就请大家随我一起踏上这座古桥，一起步入仙境之中吧！

大家看，过了桥正面就是祇园寺的大殿。祇园寺是国家重点寺院，规模是九华山四大丛林里最大的了，由山门、天王殿、大雄宝殿、客堂、讲堂和藏经楼等十余座单体建筑组成，是典型的组合式建筑，它的山门偏离了大殿中轴线，大家知道这是为什么吗？因为啊，歪置山门是颇有讲究的，一来是为了辟邪，二来是门向朝着开山祖寺化城寺。大雄宝殿琉璃碧瓦，飞檐翘角，地位十分突出。在寺庙的前院墙上有一条石刻，上面“泰山石敢当”5个大字十分醒目，大家来猜猜这是做什么用的？其实这个是祇园寺独有的，是用来辟邪镇妖的。

进入山门，就是灵官殿，进门登殿，只见神龛里站立着的却是赤面红须、双目圆睁、高举铁鞭的王灵官。王灵官是道教的护法神，怎么到此护起佛法了呢？原来传说佛教的护法韦驮犯了“杀生”的错误，被地藏菩萨“解聘”，让王灵官顶了班，这反映了佛道“合作”的天王殿意思，在全国恐怕是仅此一处了。

从灵官殿过一小庭院，有一座亭阁式的方形重檐殿堂，歇山顶，内供四大天王像，称天王殿。中间龛内端坐着“笑口常开，大肚包容”的弥勒佛。“一钵千家饭，孤身万里行”，是他的两句偈语。两侧为四座天王塑像。

灵官殿和天王殿在同一台基上，而再高一层的台基上则筑有大雄宝殿。大雄宝殿内，正面立着高约12米的三世佛，座下是碧绿莲花座，下有须弥座（又叫金刚台），雕刻精细。供桌正面横刻着“唐僧取经”故事的大面浮雕。佛像前，为主持法会的和尚礼佛跑拜处。

好，游完祇园寺，我们现在来到的便是九华街的中心位置，大家看到的便是九华山开山祖寺化城寺了。佛经有”指地化城”之说。化城寺位于九华山化城峰西南，化城盆地中心，因此得名化城寺。化城寺历史悠久，它修建于晋代，也是九华山的主寺，寺的建筑依山势布局，反映了高超的建筑设计艺术。寺内有一口高一丈有余，重约20xx斤的古钟，铸造精美，声音洪亮，用槌撞击，凝重清扬的钟声，在山谷回荡，往往使人有超凡脱俗之感。“化城晚钟”遂成为“九华十景”之一。

古寺历经兴废，在岁月长河中依然耸立。现存四进民居式殿宇，前三进为清代建筑：一进灵官殿，二进天王殿，三进大雄宝殿。二、三进之间有一巨大四落水天井，意为”四水归明堂”。大雄宝殿全木窗门，门楣上刻有冰纹窗棂。顶中大藻井”九龙盘珠”浮雕为艺术珍品。四进藏经楼为九华山惟一明代建筑，近期按原貌修复。化城寺依地形渐次升高，结构严谨，古朴典雅，基本保存了开山祖寺原有风貌。

化城寺石阶下有宋代石狮一对，一雌一雄，古拙浑厚。前有放生池，月牙形，据传是金地藏率众徒修建化城寺时开挖的，既为寺院防火，又为僧侣和香客放生之用。池前是平整、开阔的化城广场，广场中有一用石条垒成的”娘娘塔”基，是纪念金地藏母亲的。据传金地藏母亲得知金地藏卓锡九华后，万里跋涉来山寻儿回归，长时间思儿心切，加之一路风霜，眼睛快要失明。金地藏用广场边一口井中泉水为母洗眼，治好了母亲眼疾，此井后人称”明眼泉”。金地藏用心侍候母亲，并向她细说佛教因缘，母被感悟，终于留山助儿护佛，后人在广场建塔纪念，称”娘娘塔”。但是，九华山也有人称”娘娘塔”是纪念金地藏出家前的妻子的。不论是母亲还是妻子，”娘娘塔”的传说都是美丽的。

好了，我们九华山的游览到此就告一段落了，感谢各位对小王工作的支持与配合，希望以后还有机会继续为大家服务，祝大家一路顺风！谢谢！

Hello everyone, Im your guide. My name is Zheng Rong. You can call me XiaoZheng. Today, I will show you the world famous five A-class scenic spot - threelanes and seven alleys.

This is the famous three lanes and seven alleys. It is known as the Museumof ancient architecture of Ming and Qing Dynasties. Three lanes and Seven Lanescover an area of 38.35 square hectares. The third is Yijin, Wenru and Guanglu.The seven lanes are Yangqiao lane, Langguan lane, Ta lane, Huang Lane, Anminlane, Gong lane and Jibi lane.

Come with me, this is yijinfang. When I get to yijinfang, I will tell you astory. According to legend, there was a scholar in ancient times who was verytalented, but he failed in every exam, and his neighbors looked down upon him.Later, he finally won the entrance examination and became an official. When hereturned home in his later years, his place was called yijinfang.

Lets take a look at Langguan lane. Langguan lane is a famous port in SongDynasty, because Liu Tao lived here in Song Dynasty, and his descendants havebeen Langguan for generations. So its called Langguan lane.

You see, this is Shen Baozhens former residence in the Palace Lane. He waselected in the 20th year of Daoguang, and was promoted in the 7th year. He wasLin Zexus second son-in-law and the first shipping minister in the QingDynasty.

Now, we want to taste the special snack of Fuzhou fish ball. Fish balls arethe highlight of our food in Fuzhou. The white skin of the fish ball is as softas cotton. If you take a small bite, the smell of the meat comes to your nose.Even if you dont want to eat at all, you will be fascinated by the smell.

Time flies. Its time for free activities. We can play freely. Remember togather here in an hour. Please pay attention to the following points:

1. Please dont litter

2. Please dont Scribble

3. Please dont fold the flowers

4. Please dont climb the tree

Hope you can do it, thank you!

福州至今还保存相当一部分自唐宋以来就已经形成的坊巷，成为历史文化名城的重要标志之一。

“三坊七巷”的“三坊”，系指衣锦坊、文儒坊和光禄坊。三坊均位于南后街之西侧，隔街与东侧之“七巷”相通、

衣锦坊，旧名通潮巷。宋代宣和年间（1119—1125年）陆蕴、陆藻兄弟居于此地，两兄弟才华横送，名重一时。陆蕴官任福州知州，陆藻官任泉州知州，两人回乡时命此坊为“棣锦坊”。南宋淳熙年间，王样任江东提刑，退休后也居于此地，将棣锦改名为衣锦，以示衣锦返乡之意。

文儒坊，旧名山阴巷，初名儒林坊，以宋代祭酒郑穆居于此，改为文儒坊。因为坊里除了郑穆之外，还先后住有九门提督、宝岛总兵甘国宝，抗倭名将、七省经略张经，清光绪皇帝老师陈宝琛之父陈承裘，《福建通志》主编陈衍等儒林名士，故称儒林坊名符其实。

光禄坊，北宋熙宁元年（1068年）以光禄大夫身份任福州知州的程师孟，常到坊里的法禅寺游览，见池畔有一块大岩石，便登石吟诗，故被称为“光禄吟台”，而此坊也改名为光禄坊。程师孟题吟的“光禄吟台”四个篆字石刻今尚存。

“三坊七巷”中的七巷均位于南后街之东侧，由北向南分别为杨桥巷、郎官巷、塔巷、黄巷、安民巷、宫巷、吉庇巷。

天台山省级风景名胜区位于邛崃市境西南，地处成都平原与邛崃山脉结合地带，面积147平方公里。山势西高东低，呈向斜多级台地，主峰玉霄峰拔地1800多米，状若冲天高台，由于长期的流水切割和风化剥蚀，大自然的神力在这块罕见的向斜山地上雕琢了“九十里长河八百川，九千颗怪石两千峰”的丹霞地貌。相传大禹率众治水，在此登高祭天，天台山由此得名。

天台山位于邛崃市西南何高乡境内，离城区42公里，距成都市112公里。此山地貌奇特，植被良好，气候温和，雨量充沛，山、水、林、石洞、气象景观、人文古迹，集佳境之大成，融自然为一体，构成独具一格的自然风景区。古今游人一致赞誉：天台山山奇、石怪、水美、林幽、云媚、风光神奇。

天台山在历是很有名的宗教名山，自“汉时名曰天台”，道宗相山凿洞，筑坛祭神。南北朝时，西域僧人云游到此，创建了天台佛寺。隋唐时代，宗教漫延，天台山了道佛儒并存，道观、佛寺、“宫房”多达100余处，还营造了一条“和尚街”，设置了“和尚衙门”，这是国内的古代宗教法庭，大画家文同、大诗人陆游等曾在此领衔主持宗教事务。现山中跨越众多，供游人们控古记幽。天台山还是红军长征经过的地方，是革命老区，现存红军驻地、医院、战壕、石刻标语和苏维埃政府旧址等数十处，目前正修建“红军长征纪念馆”。

天台山自南、西、北三面围成筲箕状，东面向外敞开，依次呈三级大的台阶平地;由于地理环境特殊，自成一个冬暖夏凉的小区气候，森林覆盖率达94%，终年绿树成荫，四时花开不断。的玉霄峰海拔1812米。台地上沟壑纵横，溶洞、怪石杂布其间。金龙河穿绕台地，水面呈现五彩，随台地跌宕而形成许多长滩、叠溪、流泉和飞瀑。的响水滩飞瀑落差40多米，宽10多米，分8级层层跌落，呈跨度达150米的弧形，十分壮观。

珍稀鸟兽保存繁衍，林相林景十分罕见，被林学专家誉为“川西平原一颗难得的绿色明珠”。植物种类繁多，仅树木就有84科余种其中红豆杉、珙等珍稀树种20种;山中栖息着57种动物，其中大熊猫、娃娃鱼等珍稀动物8种。云媚--媚丽的低山云海、神奇的“天台佛光”，可谓天台一绝，登山观赏，不失为人生一大幸事。

Fuzhou is a famous city with a history of more than 2200 years. In the 13thyear of Kaiyuan of Tang Dynasty (725), Fuzhou was established as the capital ofFuzhou. In 908, the second year of Liang Kaiping in the Five Dynasties, WangShenzhi, the king of Fujian, expanded the city and enclosed the beautifulWushan, Yushan and Pingshan into the city. Since then, Fuzhou has become aunique city with "mountains in the city and cities in the mountains". "Threemountains" became the alias of Fuzhou.

Located in the lower reaches of Minjiang River in the east of FujianProvince, Fuzhou is the political, economic and cultural center of FujianProvince. The total area of the city is 11968 square kilometers, including 1043square kilometers of urban area; the total population is more than 4.8 million,including 1.16 million urban population. "Because there are Fushan mountains inthe north of Fuzhou", it is named Fuzhou. Because banyan trees were planted morethan 900 years ago, "the city is full of green and shade, but not covered insummer", it is also known as "banyan city". At present, it has jurisdiction overfive districts of Gulou, Taijiang, Cangshan, Mawei and Jinan, and two citiesand six counties of Fuqing, Minhou, Luoyuan, Lianjiang, Changle, Pingtan,Minqing and Yongtai. The residents are mainly Han nationality, and there aremore than 20 ethnic minorities, such as she, man, Miao and Hui. Fuzhou is a warmand humid subtropical monsoon climate with pleasant climate and evergreen trees.The annual average temperature is 19.6 ℃, the average temperature in the coldestJanuary is 10.5 ℃, the average temperature in the hottest July is 28.6 ℃, andthe average annual precipitation is 1342.5mm. The best tourism season is fromApril to November every year. There is a famous hot spring in the city.

Members, today Im going to talk about three lanes and seven alleys, theancient architectural treasures of Ming and Qing Dynasties in Fuzhou.

Sanfangqixiang is located in the center of the city. It is adjacent tobay17 North Road in the East, Tonghu road in the west, Yangqiao road in thenorth, Jibi lane and Guanglu square in the south. It covers an area of about 40hectares and has 3678 households with a population of more than 14000. Threelanes and seven alleys are the abbreviation of ten alleys arranged from north toSouth on both sides of nanhou street. Three lanes are Yijin lane, Wenru lane andGuanglu lane; seven lanes are Yangqiao lane, Langguan lane, Ta lane, Huang Lane,Anmin lane, Gong lane and Jibi lane. Due to the reconstruction of Jibi lane,Yangqiao lane and Guanglu lane into roads, only two lanes and five lanes arepreserved. Even so, in this residential area with a long history, there arestill rich cultural relics and historic sites, including a number of formerresidences of celebrities and buildings of Ming and Qing Dynasties. In thisresidential area, there are many lanes, stone slabs, white walls and greentiles, strict structure, exquisite houses and ingenious craftsmanship, whichembody the characteristics of Minyue ancient city. It is a gathering place ofMinjiang culture, and is regarded as a large-scale museum of Ming and Qingancient architecture by the architectural circles.

"Three lanes and Seven Alleys" is the main symbol of Fuzhou, a famoushistorical and cultural city of China. It is known as the Museum of ancientarchitecture of Ming and Qing Dynasties. Chen Yan, a modern poet, said: "whoknows that the five willows are solitary pines, but they live in three lanes andseven alleys." This is about the origin of "three lanes and Seven Alleys".

The folk customs of the three lanes and seven alleys are also therepresentative of the folk customs in Fuzhou. Many festival activities are oftencentered on the three lanes and seven alleys, including folk beliefs, festivalactivities at the age of, folk customs in buildings, etc.

"Moonlight shines on the pond; riding a bamboo horse across the pond; itshard to cross the depth of the pond. Wait for my sister to take a boat to meetLang. Ask long Lang, short Lang and when will Lang return? " This is a folk songwritten by Chang Gung, an observer of the Tang Dynasty. It has brought manychildhood memories to generations of people living in three lanes and sevenalleys. Until now, especially the older generation is still excited to hear thiscatchy folk song.

Three lanes and seven lanes are famous for its nearly 300 ancientresidential buildings in Ming and Qing Dynasties. The ancient streets, completelanes, ancient rivers, ancient bridges and ancient banyan trees have formed asimple and distinctive traditional style, which has aroused the wide interest ofmany experts in cultural relics and Archaeology at home and abroad, and hasbecome a must for tourists to come to Fuzhou. It can be said that it is "rare inthe whole country, only in Jiangnan". The three lanes and seven alleys ofoverseas Chinese in Fuzhou are their haunted and unforgettable hometown.

Hello, everyone! Welcome to Nanjing Confucius Temple. The Confucius Templeis located on the Bank of Qinhuai River in the south of the city. It is ahistoric site and tourist attraction that Nanjing people are proud of. It is aprosperous place where culture, commerce, sightseeing center and Temple marketare integrated.

Confucius Temple, also known as Confucius Temple and Confucian temple, is aplace to offer sacrifices to Confucius, a famous educator and thinker in China.Confucius was honored as Confucius in ancient times, so his temple is commonlyknown as "Confucius Temple". Due to the orthodox status of Confucianism, itsfounder Confucius was highly respected by the rulers and scholars of feudalsociety. There were more than one Confucius temples all over the country. As aplace for feudal scholars to worship, Confucius Temple is mostly arrangedtogether with educational facilities (such as school palace, Gong Yuan, etc.),that is, the so-called temple is attached to school, usually in front or on oneside of the school palace.

Historically, there were three Confucius temples in the urban area ofNanjing, one in the compound of the current municipal government and the otherin the Chaotian Palace. Now we are going to visit the third and most famousplace. It was moved from Chaotian Palace in the first year of Jingyou of SongDynasty (1034). At first, it was Jiankang school, Jiqing road school in YuanDynasty, Guoxue in Ming Dynasty, yingtianfu school in Qing Dynasty, andJiangning school and Shangyuan school in Qing Dynasty. It was destroyed in theXianfeng Period, rebuilt in the Tongzhi period (1869), and burned by theJapanese during the Anti Japanese war. The existing Confucius Temple was rebuiltin the early 1980s. It uses the former temple and the later school, ConfuciusTemple in the front and the Academy in the back, and the later Gong Yuan isarranged on the left side of the Academy. Therefore, the relatively completepattern of Confucius Temple in Nanjing includes three parts, namely, ConfuciusTemple, Academy and Gongyuan. The North-South central axis with Dacheng hall asthe center and the main buildings on both sides and the Jiangnan Gongyuanexhibition hall with Mingyuan building as the center have become the maintourist spots in the Confucius Temple area.

Due to its long history and convenient water transportation, ConfuciusTemple area has become a famous "beautiful place" and a place where celebritieslive in ancient Nanjing before the appearance of Confucius Temple. Therefore, inaddition to the main scenic spots mentioned above, there are also scenic spotssuch as Wu Jingzis former residence, ancient taoyedu, Cuiyuan, one hundred yearold shop Street, wendeqiao, Wang Xies former residence, Wuyi lane, meixianglou,etc.

Now we are standing at the starting point of the central axis of ConfuciusTemple - Confucius Temple Square. Looking around, there are panchi, Zhaobi andmufang in the south, Juxing Pavilion, KuiGuang Pavilion and business district inthe East and West, Dacheng hall in the central axis and the East and West citieson the East and west sides of Confucius Temple in the north, which form theunique atmosphere of Confucius Temple area different from other cities, that is,the pattern of Temple market integration in history.

Look at the river in front of the square. Its called Qinhuai River. Itsthe mother river of Nanjing people. Its 110 kilometers long and gave birth tothe early Nanjing civilization. The section that flows through the square is apart of the Inner Qinhuai River. When the temple was built, it was transformedinto panchi, named after the water flowing through the Confucius Temple in Qufu.A red wall on the south bank is a large screen wall built in the Wanli period ofthe Ming Dynasty (1575). It is 110 meters long and majestic. It is the largestscreen wall in China. Zhaobi played a role of shelter and decoration, which wasthe beginning of the whole Confucius Temple complex. The stone railings on theNorth Bank of panchi were built in Zhengde (1514) of the Ming Dynasty. Aftermany vicissitudes, they became the only best preserved ancient architecturalsketch in the Confucius Temple complex, which had been repaired before the AntiJapanese war. Here, visitors take a rest on the fence and enjoy the beautifulscenery of Qinhuai.

The Wende bridge on the west side of panchi is now hanbaiyu bridge. It gotits name from the Confucian schools advocacy of article morality. Because thedirection of the bridge is the same as that of the meridian, every November 15of the lunar calendar, when the bright moon is in the sky and you look down fromthe railing, you can see the shadow of the bridge on both sides of the bridge.The bright moon in the river is divided into two and a half months, which iscalled "Wen de Fen Yue". Wu Jingzi recorded it in his book scholars. If you havea chance, you might as well come to Wende bridge on November 15 of the lunarcalendar to have a look.

A group of Hui style buildings at the entrance of South Wuyi lane ofwendeqiao is called "Wangxie ancient residence". As the settlement area of WangXie and Wang Xie in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, it has a great influence,especially the verses of Wu Yi Xiang, the famous work of Liu Yuxi in TangDynasty, which makes Wu Yi Xiang and Wang Xies former residence very famous,and now it is "the historical and cultural exhibition Hall of Six Dynasties inNanjing." You can visit it when you have time.

Now, to the north of the stone column is the newly rebuilt Tianxia Wenshusquare, which indicates that it is the cultural center of Tianxia. Three doorsand four pillars, quite spectacular. In ancient times, it corresponded to theLingxing gate at the back, which was used for the emperors to go on a pilgrimageto worship Confucius. The high gate square in the middle was the royal roadwhere the emperor was lucky to come. It was used for the princes of the countyto go in and out. The ordinary officials and subjects could not pass through, soit was usually closed with wooden fences.

The star gathering Pavilion on the west side of the square in front of thetemple has a hexagonal cornice, which is simple and elegant. It looks like atwo-layer structure with double cornices on the outside. In fact, it has onlyone floor. The name of the pavilion is the gathering of stars and talents. Inthe East, the small courtyard facing the water is KuiGuang Pavilion. The KuixingPavilion in the pavilion has three floors and six sides, and faces QinhuaiRiver. The scenery is unique. In ancient times, there was a saying of "Kui ZhuWen". Kuixing, or Kuixing, is a sign of prosperity of the literary movement anda symbol of winning the first place in the imperial examination. Therefore,Kuixing was regarded as a God by the students of the past dynasties. KuiGuangPavilion and Juxing Pavilion look at each other from the east to the west,echoing each other and integrating into one.

The stone square gate in the north of the square in front of the temple isthe first gate of the Confucius Temple - Lingxing gate, with six columns andthree gates. It is simple and beautiful, and the lintel in the middle isengraved with the seal character "Lingxing gate". Lingxing is the "Wenxing" inancient astronomy. The reason why it is named is to show that scholars in theworld gather here. The brick relief inlaid with peony pattern between the threedoors is exquisitely carved and gorgeous. The top of the stone column is made ofcloud plate, which means Huabiao, as a sign. This is the gate for the emperor toworship Confucius.

After passing the Lingxing gate, we came to the Dacheng gate of Dachenghall.

Dachengmen, also known as Jimen, is the main gate of Confucius Temple, withZhijing gate on both sides. In feudal times, only officials could get in and outof dachengmen, while ordinary scholars could only get in and out from otherdoors. Entering the gate, there are four ancient steles on the left and right:in the East, there are the stele of fengzhishengs wife in 1331, the remnantstele of Jiqing Confucius Temple in 1330, and the stele of kongyuwenli in 484,which was moved by the municipal government. This book is based on the picturestele of Confucius asking for rites.

On both sides of the courtyard and corridor are arranged eight ofConfucius twelve students, namely min sang, ran Geng, ran Qiu, Duan Muzi, ranYong, Zai Yu, Yan Yan and Zhong you. They are all carved from white jade of HanDynasty. They are very devout and lifelike.

Looking forward, the platform in front of the Dacheng hall is Danlong,commonly known as the terrace. It is 1.4 meters high, 21.8 meters wide from eastto west, and 14.0 meters long from north to south. It is surrounded by stonerailings, 24 cloud looking pillars, and stone lanterns are set at the twocorners of the platform. This terrace is used for sacrifice, singing anddancing. The statue of Kongyu in the middle of the terrace is particularlyeye-catching. Its made of bronze, 4.18 meters long and weighs 37 tons. Itsexquisitely made, lifelike, full-bodied, with a kind and deep face. The eyebrowsreveal the wisdom of a great thinker and leave a very deep impression on people.On both sides of the terrace, there were two verandas, which were used toworship the memorial tablets of the 72 sages in Confucius gate and to storesacrificial, ceremonial and dancing utensils. Now it is reduced to a small twoveranda and changed into a stele gallery. There are more than 30 steles with inkmarks of famous calligraphers such as Zhao Puchu, Lin Sanzhi and Wu Zhongqi,which are displayed for tourists to enjoy.

At the end of the terrace is the majestic main hall of Confucius TempleDacheng hall, which is 16.22 meters high, 27.3 meters wide and 27.9 meters deep.It is an antique building on the top of chongcaoxie mountain. Under the eaves ofthe front, there is a sea blue vertical plaque, which reads "Dacheng hall".Confucius is the most sage and forerunner of Dacheng, and Dacheng refers toConfucius. The word "Dacheng" comes from "notes. Learning notes", which is thehighest level of learning. It can also be seen in Mencius wanzhang. "Confuciusis the sage of time. Confucius called it jidacheng. " There is a beautifulstanding sculpture of "double dragons playing with pearls" in the birds kiss onthe roof, which is the first of its kind in China; The light and beautifultendency of the roof covered with green tiles is obviously different from themagnificent tendency of the yellow glazed tiles used in the roof of the northernConfucius Temple. It is more easygoing and popular. This is also one of theperformances of Nanjing Confucius Temple closer to popular culture, or "do asthe Romans do". The whole building is magnificent with double eaves, crisscrossbrackets, seven couplets in the hall, 26 wooden columns in the corridor, 16lattice doors in the front and back, and purlins in the inner hall. In thecenter of the hall, there is a 6.5-meter-high and 3.5-meter-wide portrait ofConfucius, the largest in China. On the front two sides of the portrait, thereare another four of the 12 students, namely Mencius, Kongji, Zengshen andYanhui. In front of the portrait, there are also ancient musical instrumentssuch as Gong, Qin, wokonghou, chime, Bianzhong, guzheng and drum.

38 inlaid murals reflecting Confucius life stories are hung on thesurrounding walls, which are called "Confucius holy trace". They are made ofinner jade from Zhejiang, Fujian, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Qinghai, Guangxi,Guangdong and other provinces (regions), famous crystals from jixueleng,Shoushan stone, feicuilv, zhoucunleng and precious jewelry such as gold,jewelry, Luodian, etc. by 2oo craftsmen in Yueqing, Zhejiang Province. It takesthree years The total investment is 5.8 million yuan. The picture adopts theChinese classical panoramic composition method, supplemented by the detaileddescription of textual research, with fine workmanship, natural color, richthree-dimensional sense, giving people a sense of lifelike magic. Each sheet is2.5 meters high and 1.3 meters wide. There are 408 figures in the painting. Theshape is natural and lifelike. The 38 murals are the picture of the holy trace,the preface to the title, the prayer of Nishan, the Qilin Yushu, the ErlongWulao, the Juntian Shengjiang, the zudou Xueli, the functionary commissar, thename Rongfu, the functionary Chengtian, the questioner Laofu, Wenshao in Qi, YanYingju Feng in Yan, the retreat of Shishu, Jiagu Huiqi, returning to Tianxiegouo, zhushaozhengmao; the female music Wenma, and Yingu Qulu. Help peopleout. In Song Dynasty, people felled trees, attacked the Falcon, struck the chimeby Shiwei, learned to play Qin by Xiang, drove back to Xihe, asked linggongabout Chen, Zilu about Jin, in chenjueliang, zixijufeng, songqiuling, Xingtanritual music, kneeling by Chihong, Xishou Huolin, Mengdian Liangying, Zhirenbiegui, Han Gaosi to Lu. This is just like the couplet in the temple, which saysthat "Qi Bei Si Shi Xing heaven and earth, ghosts and gods, sun and moon are inaccordance with their virtue; teach the world to follow Yao, Shun, Yu and TangWenwu as teachers". The truth is that "the Tao of heaven and earth runs throughthe ancient and modern times, and the six classics are deleted and listed in theConstitution for all ages.".

From the north gate of Dacheng hall, you can enter Xuegong district throughDongshi.

Dongshi and Xishi have been changed from the East and West passagewayswhich used to enter and leave the academy to the places where the ships can sellgoods on the Qinhuai River. Now they have become the most distinctive places forarts and crafts, cultural goods sales and cultural activities in the ConfuciusTemple area.

The school palace was a place to cultivate talents in feudal times. Therewere different levels, such as county school, government school (road school,state school, etc.) and national school. They were all adjacent to ConfuciusTemple, which showed the orthodox status of Confucianism in building the countryand cultivating self. The school palace includes Mingde hall, Zunjing Pavilion,Jingyi Pavilion, Chongsheng temple and Qingyun tower. Entering the gate of theschool is the ancient Mingde hall. It is a place for scholars to listen to theirtutors preaching of holy teachings and instructions (ethics and governmentdecrees) after their monthly pilgrimage to the sun (i.e. Confucius), so as tocultivate their loyalty and patriotism. As for the name of mingdetang, sometourists may ask that there is only "Minglun hall" in the Confucius Templecomplex. Why Nanjing Confucius Temple is an exception, which is called"mingdetang"? Indeed, in Nanjing Confucius Temple, mingdetang was originallyalso called "Minglun hall". It was just Wen Tianxiang, the Prime Minister of theSouthern Song Dynasty, who was imprisoned when the yuan army was about toconquer Nanjing, in order to show that he would rather die than surrender Hechanged "Ming Lun Tang" into "Ming De Tang" in order to show his loyalty to thecountry and serve the people. Zunjing Pavilion, built in the middle of MingDynasty, is 18.7 meters high, with double eaves and T-shaped ridges on the topof the mountain. It is an extraordinary Hall for storing Confucian classics andteaching lectures. It is now an exhibition hall of folk customs. Standing sideby side with Zunjing pavilion are Chongsheng temple and Qingyun tower. Zunjingacademy is divided into two sides behind Zunjing Pavilion. In the Qing Dynasty,Qingyun building was changed into a library, and Zunjing Academy was used as alecture center, which is equivalent to the classroom now. The small highlandbehind the Zunjing Pavilion, called Weishan, has a Jingyi Pavilion. AllConfucian temples in the world have Jingyi Pavilion. It began in the Jiajingperiod of the Ming Dynasty. In the pavilion, the emperors motto of "JingyiZhen" was set up as the motto of the students. The so-called "respect one" isthe dedication to Confucianism.

After touring the Academy, walk tens of meters to the East past GongyuanWest Street, which is Jiangnan Gongyuan. During this period of time, I wouldlike to introduce to you some other information about the Confucius Temple. Inaddition to the buildings of Confucius Temple, there are more noticeable folkcustoms, characteristic markets and snacks in the area.

Dear friends, this is the end of the tour of Confucius Temple. Thank youfor your support and cooperation!

各位游客：

你们好，欢迎你们来到海口旅游，我是你们的导游。

海口骑楼老街位于东经110度35分，北纬20度05分，地址在得胜沙路—长堤路老街区。

海口骑楼老街，是海口市一处最具特色的街道景观。其中最古老的建筑四牌楼建于南宋，至今有700多年历史。20xx年6月10日，首届"中国历史文化名街评选推介"活动在北京揭晓，海口骑楼老街榜上有名。海口骑楼老街以其唯一性、独特性荣获首批十大"中国历史文化名街"称号。

海口骑楼主要分布于海口市得胜沙路、中山路、博爱路、新华路、解放路、长堤路等老街区。骑楼老街覆盖面积约二平方公里，总长四点四公里，共有大大小小的三、四层高的骑楼建筑近六百栋。

骑楼大多是上世纪初一批批从南洋回来的华侨借鉴当时的南洋建筑风格所建。骑楼大多布满优雅细致的雕塑和洋派的装饰，很有些巴洛克的味道。骑楼楼层都不太高，两三层的居多，有些还保留着早前的商号，和凭栏、门窗等处的精美雕花。

海口的骑楼建筑群初步形成于19世纪20-40年代，距今有100多年历史，其中最古老的建筑四牌楼建于南宋，至今有600多年历史。20个世纪30年代，海口已有35个行业572家商铺，如“梁安记”、“云旭记”、“远东公司”和“广德堂”等等。著名旅店或综合性娱乐场所有“五层楼”、“大亚旅店”、“泰昌隆”等等。许多大商号都在老街的骑楼里，展开不见硝烟的经营大战。

1931年，得胜沙街上的“海口大厦”(俗称“五层楼”)建成，那是建国前海口市最高的楼房。“骑楼林立，商贾络绎，烟火稠密”，是当时海口兴盛景象的真实写照。

尽管已过去了百余年，走在老街上，仍能欣赏到街边建筑的美。骑楼沿街道两侧临街而建，下层部分做成柱廊式人行过道，用以避雨、遮阳、通行，楼层部分跨建在人行过道之上，每栋高二至四层，进深二三开间，在建筑美学上，楼的宽和高符合审美比例。骑楼的窗楣、柱子、墙面造型、腰线、阳台、栏杆、雕饰等体现了独特的风韵，墙体上的彩瓷花卉图案、女儿墙、骑楼、柱廊、敞廊是巴洛克风格，具有欧亚混合文化特征;人字形的屋顶覆盖青瓦，上面安放着吉祥物。建筑结构上，有中国古代传统式、西方建筑模式，还有南洋的建筑及装饰风格，并明显受到印度和阿拉伯建筑的影响;骑楼下的长廊贯通成排，行人逛街时可躲避风雨烈日，一边悠闲散步，一边从容地看货购物。

海口骑楼历史文化街区(以下简称骑楼老街)位于海甸溪南岸，长堤路以南，龙华路以东，和平路以西，解放西路、文明中路以北，地处旧城区中心地带，

海口骑楼老街主要是得胜沙路、博爱北路、中山路、新华路、长堤路等五条老街，是海口城市的重要发源地。

海口最早地名已不可考究了，历史记载中，“海口所城”建于明洪武二十八年(1395年)。由于港口贸易的兴起，为防海盗袭扰，明代建起了方圆仅0.48公里，后慢慢在城内形成了东门街、西门街、四牌楼街、振龙街和龙牙巷等多条石板路面的街道小巷，城外则形成了振东街、水巷口街、得胜沙街、义兴街等街道。随着贸易和海运的逐渐开辟后，海口被辟为国内外的贸易口岸。 “帆樯之聚，森如立竹”，正是当年海口开埠后港口热闹景象的真实描述。

1920xx年，海口拆墙扩城，城区面积由原来所城内的不到1平方公里扩大了许多。第二年，拆城墙的石头被用来筑成长堤，这就是如今的长堤路。当时的政府扩建原来天妃庙前的庙前大街，并改名为中山路，长388米，原西门外顺城墙位置的街道被扩成今天的新华北路和新华南路。原所城内的南北大街被拓为博爱路，东西方向则被拓为新民东西路。“商贾络绎、烟火稠密“，城市马路的形成、沿海贸易业的繁荣、城市功能的不断完善使这一带成为海口的闹市区。

如今，以前卖米卖盐卖油的得胜沙路已建成海南第一条商业步行街，以卖煤油和火柴出名的中山路成为五金灯饰一条街;新华路、博爱路也都分别成了家电、小商品及纺织面料一条街。沿着五条街漫步踱溜，会感受到一种截然不同的文化氛围，这些地方白色骑楼建筑虽然十分欧化，可墙面上细致雕刻全都是中国民间特色的吉祥图案，形成一座骑楼就是一副风景画，一条街就是一个文化景区。

骑楼作为一种外廊式的建筑艺术，是源远流长的，甚至可以追溯至2520xx年前的世界经典建筑古希腊的“帕忒侬神庙”、中国的孔庙和书院建筑。

由于海南独特的强晒多雨气候条件，早在1395年(明洪武年)，在海口“外沙”一带(即现在的博爱路,得胜沙路)建造市场街时，已出现了能遮雨防晒的长廊式“排店屋”。到上个世纪二三十年代，一股闯南洋风潮在海南刮开，在异乡打出一片天地后，出海闯南洋的海南人“叶落归根”，携带着毕生血汗钱回乡建屋，安老终生。祖辈们在带回了南洋思想的同时，海南也由此出现不少南洋风格的欧式骑楼建筑。那时，几座或十余座骑楼参差错落毗连一起，店屋前连廊连柱的长廊连接起整个街区，即可为往来的行人撑起一片遮挡烈日暴雨的天地，营造出相对凉爽的环境，又可成为商家谋业招徕顾客的开放交流场所。骑楼，成为了当时的商业文化与社会文化的地域特色。

海口最早的骑楼建于1849年，地点在四牌楼街又叫城内街，就是现在的博爱北街。据统计，海口的骑楼式建筑占地面积约2.5万平方米，骑楼式建筑200余座，主要集中于博爱路、中山路、新华北路、得胜沙、解放路等五条老街，其中中山路沿街两旁保留较为完整的骑楼式建筑最多，约39座。

这些骑楼建筑具有浓郁的欧亚混交化特征，建筑风格也呈现多元化的特点，既有浓厚的中国古代传统建筑风格，又有对西方建筑的模仿，还有南洋文化的建筑及装饰风格，并明显受到印度和阿拉伯建筑文化的影响，骑楼的建筑风格多姿多彩，骑楼的窗楣、柱子、墙面造型、腰线、阳台、栏杆、雕饰等都体现了一种独特的风韵，尤其在外墙体上浮雕的花纹上有着精美的百鸟朝凤、双龙戏珠、海棠花、腊梅花等中国传统雕刻艺术。

至今这些建筑仍然发挥着海口市旧城老街的主要商业功能，形象地记录了海口市由无到有，发展成为一个繁荣的沿海大都市的历史，体现了海口城市区位与东南亚一体的热带地方特色。

骑楼老街在其漫长的历史过程中，形成积淀了大量的历史文化遗迹，历史人文色彩丰富多样，历史上有十三个国家在这里开设了领事馆、教堂、邮局、银行、商会;中国共产党琼崖一大会址、中山纪念堂;西天庙、天后宫、武胜庙和冼太夫人庙，还有当时衣锦还乡的华侨富商为家乡建起的家族式连排骑楼,如邱氏祖屋、饶园等。

当年非常有名的海口最高楼——“五层楼”，如今在得胜沙路还可以看到。它是在上一世纪三十年代初，由时任越南西贡市汇理银行董事长的文昌籍乡亲吴乾椿，用从南洋运回来的石料、木材修建起来的。作为当时海口最大最豪华的旅馆，它一度是海口的标志性建筑，并经营过大剧院、放电影等。

三坊七巷不仅以她的古建筑闻名于世，她还代表了福州人重教育，好读书的优良传统，科举之盛，在全国也属罕见。南宋学者，被称为与朱熹、张轼齐名的东南三贤之一的吕祖谦，在福州写下了一首脍炙人口的诗篇：“路逢十客九青矜，半是同袍旧弟兄。最忆市桥灯火静，巷南巷北读书声。”这首诗也是三坊七巷的生动写照，说明了福州读书人之多，以及深夜苦读的生动景象。

“三坊七巷”是福州历史的的见证;“三坊七巷”是闽江流域人民智慧的结晶;“三坊七巷”更是福州人文荟萃的缩影。它记录了唐末五代时闽王王审知立国的史实，记录了宋末端宗南明隆武皇帝在福州称帝的经历。它吹洒着辛亥革命的风雨，传播着北京“五四”运动在福州的影响。这些坊巷内曾经居住过上百名高官显贵、学者名流，唐学者黄璞，宋理学家陈襄、晚唐诗人陈烈、状元郑性之、明抗倭名将张经、清巡抚沈葆桢、近代启蒙思想家严复等等都曾在三坊七巷居住过，还有黄花岗烈士林觉民。说到林觉民我们不能不提到他的《与妻书》。林觉民牺牲后，全家为了避祸匿居在光禄坊早题巷一处许家院宅。一天晚上，有人悄悄地将林觉民写给父亲及妻子的遗书塞进门缝，林觉民的妻子一直将这封信珍藏到辛亥革命福州光复后。这一如诗如画的名篇写得情真意切，感人肺腑，催人泪下，不仅表达了夫妻间深深的歉疚和殷殷的情意，而且表达了“乐牺牲吾身与汝身之福利，为天下谋永福”的革命精神和伟大情怀，激励了千千万万的热血青年。具有极为珍贵的历史价值和艺术价值。

《与妻书》中也十分细腻地表达了烈士对故里“三坊七巷”的眷恋之情，有一段是这样描写的：“后街之屋，入门穿廊，过前后厅，又三四折，有小厅，厅旁一屋，为吾与汝双栖之所，初婚三四个月，适冬之望日前后，窗外疏梅筛月影，依稀掩映……”看到这，我们怎能不为烈士牺牲前对亲人和美丽家园----“三坊七巷”深深眷恋之情所震憾呢!谁没有亲人，谁没有自己的家园?可林觉民却英勇奋战，在负伤被擒受审时仍表示：“只要革除暴政，建立共和，能使国家富强则吾死瞑目矣”，这就是革命者何等博大情怀!

“最忆市桥灯火静，巷南巷北读书声”，让我们再一次感悟到故乡“三坊七巷”古老厚重的文化对我们的培养和熏陶。

家好!我是本次导游赵虹杰，大家必须都明白北京的故宫吧没错!北京故宫是享誉世界的历史遗产，是明、清两代的皇宫，也是世界现存最大、最完整的古建筑群。被誉为世界五大宫之首。它位于北京市中心，旧称紫禁城。接下来就让我带大家去游览一番吧……

由天安门进入，穿过一片青砖铺地的广场，便到达紫禁城的正门——午门。故宫有4个门，正门名午门，东门名东华门，西门名西华门，北门名神武门。午门俗称五凤楼，穿过午门，有广阔的大庭院，在3万多平方米开阔的庭院中，有五座精巧的汉白玉拱桥通往太和门。到了太和门，就进入了故宫的“外朝”，故宫的建筑依据其布局与功用分为“外朝”与“内廷”两大部分。外朝以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心，是皇帝举行朝会的地方，也称为“前朝”。过桥经过太和门便是雄伟的太和殿。这座殿堂有着一段曲折的故事，听说它被天火焚毁过三次，也修好过三次，并且更神奇的是整座宫殿的建造居然没有一颗钉子!内廷以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫后三宫为中心，两翼为养心殿、东、西六宫，绕过内廷，我们最之后到了御花园，御花园里栽满了奇花异草。一路走来，会闻到一阵阵淡淡的花香。是封建帝王与后妃居住所。

游览故宫，能够从天安门进，也能够由后门——神武门进经太和殿、中和殿、保和殿，穿过乾清门，便进入内廷，内廷分中路、东路和西路三条路线。如果是半日游，这三条路线只能游一条，一般可走中路。走中路可看乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫、嫔妃所住的地方和御花园。一般来说，用半天时间游故宫，比较吃力，想要知识更广，大家就再细细去游赏吧!

Hello, tourists! Welcome to Sanfangqixiang scenic spot. Im thecommentator. First of all, lets briefly introduce the general situation ofSanfangqixiang scenic spot.

Sanfangqixiang scenic spot is located in the center of Fuzhou, a millenniumold city, covering an area of about 40 hectares. Three lanes and seven alleyswere first formed in 308 of the Western Jin Dynasty. The architectural patternwas formed in the Tang Dynasty (901) and flourished in the Ming and QingDynasties. It has a history of 1700 years. Taking nanhou street as the centralaxis, three lanes (Yijin lane, Wenru lane and Guanglu Lane) stretch out to thewest, and seven lanes (Yangqiao lane, Langguan lane, Ta lane, Huang Lane, Anminlane, Gong lane and Jibi Lane) stretch out to the East. They are arrangedorderly and vertically, forming a "fishbone" traditional street pattern, whichhas been known as "three lanes and Seven Lanes" since ancient times. After morethan a thousand years, it still retains the pattern of lanes left over from theTang and Song Dynasties, which is extremely rare in the whole country, and isknown as the "living fossil of Lifang system"; there are more than 200 intactMing and Qing ancient buildings in 159 places, including 9 at the nationallevel, 19 at the provincial and municipal level, 131 at the historicalprotection of ancient buildings, and a large number of cultural protectionunits. The concentration degree is the only in China, which is recognized byChinese architects It is also known as the "Museum of architecture of Ming andQing Dynasties". Moreover, the three lanes and seven alleys are also thehabitation of celebrities of past dynasties. In less than 40 hectares of land,more than 400 celebrities of past dynasties have emerged. In particular, a largenumber of people who had an important influence on the process of modern Chinesehistory, such as Lin Zexu, Yan Fu, Lin Juemin, Bing Xin, Lin Huiyin, ShenBaozhen, Chen Baochen, have emerged Today, lets enjoy the historical charm ofSanfangqixiang and the essence of Mindu culture.

As you can see, this is the former residence of two famous people in moderntimes. One is Lin Juemin, one of the 72 martyrs of Huanghuagang; the other isXie Bingxin, a famous female writer. Lin Juemin was an outstandingrepresentative of the 1911 Guangzhou Uprising. After Lin Juemins death, ChenYuankai, the father-in-law of the provisional magistrate, sent people to Fuzhouovernight to inform him of the incident. His family moved to zaoti lane ofGuanglu square to avoid disaster. Later, Xie Bingxins grandfather, Xie luanen,bought the old house.

When it comes to Lin Juemin, we have to mention his book with his wife.This picturesque and poetic masterpiece is sincere, touching and tearful. It notonly expresses the deep regret and cordial feelings between husband and wife,but also expresses the revolutionary spirit and great feelings of "happy tosacrifice my body and your bodys welfare and seek eternal happiness for theworld". It has inspired thousands of warm-blooded young people. It has extremelyprecious historical value and artistic value.

Now we come to the main entrance archway of Sanfang Qixiang. Three lanesand seven alleys in Fuzhou are not only three "lanes" and seven "Alleys", butalso a famous South back street. In the South back street, we can see the threetreasures of Fuzhou, the bodiless lacquerware of Fuzhou, the ox horn comb andthe oil paper umbrella, the famous Shoushan stone and cork paintings of Fuzhou,and all kinds of Fuzhou snacks.

Members of the group! After passing Yangqiao Road, we first came toLangguan lane, one of the Seven Lanes on the left. Why is it called Langguanlane? In the Northern Song Dynasty, there was a man named Liu Tao. He was aLangguan. All his descendants were Langguan, so this lane was called Langguanlane. Next, please visit Yan Fus former residence in his later years. Yan Fu isa famous enlightenment thinker, translator and educator in modern China. He isan outstanding representative of the advanced people who "seek truth from thewest" in modern China. Yan Fu also served as president of Peking University andShanghai Fudan University. Yan Fus translation of tianyanlun.

Now what you can see is Huangxiang. In history, there were eight surnameswho came to Fujian. After the larger Huang family came to Fujian, they settledhere and began to have the place name of Huangxiang. This lane is famous forxiaohuanglou.

We came to the first of the three squares, Yijin square. The earliest nameof yijinfang is tongchaoxiang, which is the closest to Fuzhou West Lake. It issaid that the water of the West Lake was connected with the ditches in thealley. The waterside pavilion stage of yijinfang was announced as a national keycultural relic protection unit in 20__.

"I remember the quiet lights of the city bridge and the sound of readingbooks in the South and north of the lane", let us once again feel thecultivation and edification of the ancient and heavy culture of "three lanes andSeven Lanes" in our hometown.

Thats all for the explanation of "three lanes and Seven Alleys". Ourgathering time is x hours X minutes. You can move around freely and take photos.We can get on the train here on time. Thank you.

今天上午，妈妈带我和妹妹去庐山西海游玩。

我们先到了码头，放眼望去蓝蓝的海水一望无际，隐隐约约能看见几个小岛。妈妈先领着我们俩去买票。我们进了售票房，“芝雯!”我让妹妹注意天花板。天花板的样子像一艘大船，在我们俩看着入迷时，妈妈走了过来叫我们去做般，我与芝雯一起跟着妈妈走向码头。

在码头停了很多船，快艇、游艇……我说：“游艇又气派又安全，两全其美，何乐而不为?”大家上了船，还真是!底下一层坐着，上面一层观景，十分豪华。

船在开着，“哗啦!哗啦!”海水在不停地演奏，我却无心倾听，我肚子发出的摇滚曲早已胜过了海水的`演奏。此时的我十分后悔，早知道就坐快艇好了，半个小时不到就到岸了。

等了一个半小时，船终于到岸了。此时的我早已饥肠辘辘，所有游客也深有同感。妈妈带我们去饭店吃饭，听其它游客说这里只有一家叫鱼公馆的饭店，但要通过勇士桥。

我们踏上这桥，一下子就明白了勇士桥名字的来源：这桥之所以叫勇士桥，是因为这座桥建得很高，而且很长，摇一摇就抖得很厉害，要是摔下去，非死即伤。我这次算是领教到了勇士桥的厉害，走到一半时，桥身左摇右摆，好像随时都要来一个360度大空翻，我顿时感到天摇地晃，全身无力。无论如何，安全第一，为了自身的安全，我只好两手抓紧绳锁，一步一步慢慢移动。几分钟后，我们个个气喘呼呼，神情未定。

到了鱼公馆饭店，我们早已腹果空空。妈妈匆匆点了一些菜，坐在餐桌前开吃了。

“吧嗒!吧嗒!”因为饿坏了，我们我们吃得很快。刚盛满的饭碗经过我们风卷去残的“扫荡”后，一下子变得空空如也。平时只吃半碗的我这次竟然吃了两大碗!这不仅仅是吃饭，还是肉体与精神的双倍享受。

吃完饭后，我们观看了神奇的鱼鹰捉鱼表演，精彩的书法表演与泰国人妖的歌唱表演。

回去时，我们乘坐的是快艇，虽然船看起来十分简朴，但速度是很快的。

这一次游记就在这里结束了，有兴趣的同学们可以来这里游玩。

Dear guests, Hello! Im Wang Ping, the tour guide accompanying you. You canjust call me Wang Dao. On behalf of Anhui travel agency, Id like to extend mywarm welcome to you and wish you a successful tour. If you have any questionsduring todays tour, you are welcome to raise them in time. I must follow theprinciple of reasonable and possible to make your trip happy.

First of all, welcome to Jiuhua Mountain. Next, let me introduce thegeneral situation of Jiuhua Mountain.

During the reign of Tang Tianbao, Li Bai wrote a poem "once upon a time onJiujiang River, looking at Jiuhua peak in the distance, green water hanging onthe Tianhe River, showing off Hibiscus" and "Jiuzi mountain" was renamed "JiuhuaMountain" from then on.

It is a national 5A tourist area, a national courtesy tourism demonstrationsite, one of the three famous mountains in Anhui Province, and one of the fourfamous Buddhist mountains in China. It is also known as the "dizang BodhisattvaTaoist center" in the world, known as "the first mountain in Southeast China"and "Lianhua Buddhist kingdom".

Jiuhua Mountain has beautiful scenery and numerous ancient temples. Thereare 99 existing temples, of which 9 are national key temples.

We are now at the center of Jiuhua street. What you can see is Huachengtemple, kaishanzu Temple of Jiuhua Mountain. The name of Huacheng temple comesfrom the story of "Huacheng refers to the earth" in Buddhist scriptures.Huacheng temple is the oldest ancient temple of Jin Dynasty in Jiuhua Mountain,and it is the "total jungle" of Jiuhua Mountain. Hanging on the temple foreheadis the horizontal plaque of "Jiuhuashan historical relics museum" inscribed byZhao Puchu. The ancient clock in the temple is more than ten feet high andweighs about 20__ Jin. It is exquisitely cast and has a loud voice. "Huachengevening clock" has become one of the "Jiuhua ten sceneries".

Looking up, the hall built on the cliff is the famous "centenary Palace".Now lets take the ground cable car to visit the centenary palace!

On the plaque of the centenary palace, the ten gold characters of "bestowthe centenary palace, protect the country and Wannian Temple" were inscribed byLi Yuanhong, President of the Beiyang government. According to records, in theWanli period of the Ming Dynasty, a monk named flawless came to Jiuhua Mountainat the age of 26 and spent a hundred years of hard work in Motianling, Dongyapeak. Three years after his death, his body was found in the cave. The monk onthe mountain believed that he was reincarnated as a living Buddha, so he offeredhis body in gold. Emperor Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty granted him the title of"Yingshen Bodhisattva" when he understood that this body was a monk withouttime.

Next, lets go to the rooftop. We have to pass fenghuangsong scenic spot togo to the rooftop. Fenghuangsong is located in the Min garden of JiuhuaMountain, which is a major landscape of Jiuhua Mountain. Please see, the pine is7.68 meters high and 1 meter diameter at breast height. It has a peculiar shape,just like the phoenix spreading its wings, so it is called Fenghuang pine. Thehistory of this pine was recorded in the southern and Northern Dynasties, and ithas a history of 1400 years. It has the reputation of "the first pine in theworld".

The scenic spot of Jiuhua is located on the Tiantai Mountain. Tiantai peakis the main peak of Jiuhua Mountain, with an altitude of more than 1300 meters.There is a saying that "if you dont climb the Tiantai Mountain, you will notcome.". From the rooftop of Jiuhua street, about 15 kilometers to Huali mountainroad, the surrounding mountains are crawling, and the surrounding rocks aregrotesque. The inscription of "non human" on a huge stone really makes peoplefeel like they are in Penglai fairyland. Tiantai "holding the sun Pavilion" towatch the sunrise is no less than Mount Tai. Therefore, "Tiantai xiaori" islisted as one of the "ten sceneries of Jiuhua".

Now we come to the body Hall of shenguangling, where the body ofjinqiaojue, the Bodhisattva of Tibetans, is worshipped. Because of his commonsurname Jin, he was honored as "jindizang".

During the Kaiyuan reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Jinqiaojue, a 24-year-old king of Silla, crossed the sea to seek Dharma in China.He boarded Jiuhua via Nanling and other places. He chose a cave to live andpractice in a secluded place deep in the mountain.

Jin qiaojue devoted himself to training for 75 years. At the age of 99, hepassed away in Jiuhua Mountain. After three years of the letter, it still "lookslike life, with soft hands and a sound at Luojie, like shaking a golden lock".The monks believed that he was the incarnation of the Bodhisattva, so they builta stone pagoda to worship him and called him "jindizang" Bodhisattva.

As a result, Jiuhua Mountain became a Taoist center of dizang Bodhisattva,and thus became famous in China and even the world. It gradually became a holyland of dizang Yinghua, which was called together with Manjusri of WutaiMountain, Puxian of Emei Mountain and Guanyin of Putuo Mountain.

This hall is majestic and majestic. It is a tower hall type building,covered with iron tiles, with palace style eaves at the four corners. You haveto climb 81 steps to enter the hall. Look at these two plaques, which read "thepalace of the flesh" on the top and "the first mountain in the Southeast" on thebottom. The hall is three rooms wide with white marble on the ground. In thecenter of this 1.8-meter-high White Jade Pagoda, there stands a seven storyeight sided wooden pagoda. There are niches on eight sides of each floor of thetower, and each niche is dedicated to a gold statue. Outside the wooden pagodais a white jade altar with a standing statue of Yama in the ten halls holding aGUI in both hands. At the four corners of the base of the pagoda, there are thetop beams of the pillars, and inside the pagoda are the three-level stonepagodas dedicated to the body of the golden earth. In front of the tower is ahollow octagonal glass lamp, which is always bright.

Well, tourists, todays tour is over. Thank you very much for your supportand cooperation in my work. Welcome to visit again!

过了喇嘛庙，透过一道精致小拱桥白桥即进入樱洲，因洲上曾超多栽植樱桃而得名，处于环洲大半圈的环抱中，洲中有洲、湖中有湖，景致十分幽雅。原有樱桃品种优良，色泽红艳，风味甘美，清代曹雪芹祖父曹寅在康熙南巡时贡奉皇上，深得康熙喜爱，并说“先进皇太后，朕再用”。此刻代之而起的是如云似雪的樱花。樱花在亚太地区是声名卓著的花木，日本作为国花，富士山樱花盛开，举国放假赏樱。那里先后种植十余品种，干余株，已蔚然成景。在樱洲上还种植了几十种花木，四时八节，花果绵延，玉兰皎洁，红杏闹春，绣球斗雪，海棠粉艳，紫荆红条，金钟飞黄，丁香馥郁，榴花似火……香风红雨，有如花海，因此而命名为“樱洲花海”。

这些花木中，有不少是来自美、法、意、荷兰、墨西哥、塞浦路斯、日本等国友好城市的使者手植，成了南京对外友好交往的象征。

樱洲的北侧有长达三百余米的长廊，依水偎树，一面紧临荷风送香的莲花港，一面为草坪广场，杂花生树，闲庭散步。过了大草坪，有一竹篱茅舍的园中园，就是荷花品种园，与莲花港相呼应，名莲竞放，或并蒂双开，或碗中吐艳，共有名品170多种，20__多盆。荷花是不妖不污的君子之花，凝珠含露，亭亭出水，赏荷吟唱，总是风雅韵事。

品种园之东就是清真餐厅，翘角飞檐的民族建筑形式辅以回廊亭架，环境清幽，更以清真名菜著称，风尾虾、松鼠鱼、桂花牛肉等是那里的名馔，为保留穆斯林风俗习惯的游客创造美食之家的温馨氛围。樱洲西南又是一大草坪，是露天舞台，每逢节假日，载歌载舞，欢声笑语不绝于耳。

徽州，简称“徽”，古称歙州，又名新安，为浙江省最早雏形唐末两浙道的组成部分，也是江南省分割后安徽之“徽”的命名来源。

徽州古城(2)宋徽宗宣和三年(1121年)，改歙州为徽州，府治今歙县，从此历宋元明清四代，统一府六县，明清时徽商称雄中国商界500余年，有“无徽不成镇”、“徽商遍天下”之说。

徽文化也成为中外学者重点研究的中华三大地域文化之一。1987年，国务院批准改徽州地区为黄山市。今黄山市下属的徽州区长期来一直为歙县地治，于1988年1月划歙县7个乡镇成立。歙县徽城镇古为徽州府城。

徽州“一府六县”格局始于唐大历五年(770年)。

自从晋太康元年(280后年)新安郡辖黟、歙、海宁、黎阳、遂安、始新六县以后，历有变动。南朝宋大明八年(464年)，黎阳县并入海宁县，新安郡辖歙、黟、海宁、遂安和始新五县。梁普通三年(522年)，划吴郡寿昌县归新安郡。梁承圣二年(553年)，分海宁、黟、歙三县各一部分置黎阳县，四县划出新安郡置新宁郡，治所海阳。陈天嘉三年(562年)新宁郡并入新宁郡，辖歙、黟、海宁(黎阳县并入)，始新、遂安、寿昌六县。隋开皇九年(589年)，罢新安郡，废黟、歙二县入海宁县，划归婺州管辖。开皇十一年复黟、歙二县，置歙州，州治黟。开皇十八年，改海宁县为休宁县。隋大业三年(607年)，改歙州为新安郡，领休宁、黟、歙三县，郡治休宁县万安山。唐武德四年(621年)，改新安郡为歙州，州治歙县。开元二十八年(740年)，划休宁县西乡和乐平县怀金乡建婺源县，属歙州。永泰二年(766年)，划歙、休宁二县地设归德县，划黟县赤山镇和饶州浮梁县一部分设祁门县，划歙县华阳镇设绩溪县，均属歙州。大历五年(770年)，废归德县，地复归歙、休宁二县，州领黟、歙、祁门、休宁、婺源、绩溪六县。形成徽州一府六县格局。

徽州婚嫁：旧时，徽州婚嫁严格遵循父母之命，媒妁之言。一般有九道程序：说媒、行聘、请期、搬行嫁、开脸、迎亲、拜堂、闹洞房、回门。说媒者一般为年长女性，称"媒婆"。行聘俗称"送担"，女方接礼后当天回礼，婚事即定。定亲后，由男方选定结緍日期通知女方，称"请期"。请期后搬行嫁。迎亲当天，由姑妈或舅妈用两根丝线把新娘额头的汗毛绞去，谓之"开脸"，亦称"拉面"。接着便是迎亲、拜堂、闹洞房。婚后第三天，新郞陪同新娘回拜父母，谓之"回门"。此为"明媒正娶"。另有童婚、纳妾、抢亲、入赘、冲喜、灵前婚等特殊婚姻形式。20世纪50年代后，父母包办婚姻逐渐被自由恋爱代替，婚事简办。80年代后，有采取旅游结緍和集体婚礼形式的。

徽州人杰地灵，不仅以神奇美妙的自然景观名播中外，更以灿烂辉煌的徽州文化著称于世。东汉、西晋、唐末、北宋时，有四次北方强宗大族的南迁，带来了先进的生产技术和中原文化，而徽州文化则是对中原文化的最杰出的包容整合。它的全面崛起始于北宋后期，至明清时期达到鼎盛。徽州文化内涵丰富，在各个层面、各个领域都形成了独特的流派和风格。如新安理学、徽派朴学、新安医学、新安画派、徽派版画、徽派篆刻、徽剧、徽商、徽派建筑、徽州“四雕”、徽菜、徽州茶道、徽州方言，等等。徽州所出的著名学者和杰出人物，如秋空繁星，不可胜数。国内外学者对徽州问题的研究，始于本世纪30年代。80年代后，以研究徽州历史文化为主要内容的“徽学“(或“徽州学”)概念广为传播，国内及美、日、朝、新加坡等国都相继成立了专门的研究组织或机构。90年代后，徽州文化研究进入了新的阶段，“徽学”被誉为与敦煌学、藏学比肩而立的中国三大地方学之一。

徽州向号“八分半山一分水，半分农田和庄园”。境内群峰参天，山丘屏列，岭谷交错，有深山、山谷，也有盆地、平原，波流清沏，溪水回环，到处清荣峻茂，水秀山灵，犹如一幅风景优美的画图。“一生痴绝处，无梦到徽州”，多少文人墨客对她产生了念慕之情，有的游客甚至“爱其山水清沏，遂久居。

亲爱的旅客朋友们，大家好!我是你们本次旅游的导游—吴思琪，我们这次旅游的地点是景色怡人的九寨沟。

九寨沟为全国重点风景名胜区，并被列入世界遗产名录。

九寨沟位于四川省阿坝藏羌族自治州九寨沟县境内，是白水沟上游白河的支流，。九寨沟海拔二十四米以上，遍布原始森林，沟内分布一百零八个湖泊，有“童话世界”的称号。

九寨沟有“五绝”，分别是是高峰﹑翠绿﹑彩林﹑叠瀑和藏情。九寨沟的水，有两种颜色，分别是蓝色和绿色，水清澈见底，水底下的鱼儿和细沙粒儿都可以看的清清楚楚;它的山，山势雄伟﹑山脉绵延﹑高低起伏。深山老林里，漫山遍野都是树木和青草，还有小花，它的树，颜色极多，有苹果红﹑梨子黄﹑柿子橙还有樱桃粉，郁郁葱葱的绿，它们长地顶天立地﹑枝叶婆娑﹑青树翠蔓﹑枝叶如盖。清晨的雾，把九寨沟衬托的更美了!雾萦绕在山间和水面上，像人间的仙境一样，那么美，那么浪漫……

以上就是九寨沟的简介，旅客朋友们，希望你们能度过快乐的时光。

黄山方圆1200平方公里，从南到北四十公里长，从东到西三十公里宽，面积虽然很大，但开发出来的仅仅是其中的一小部分，只有154个平方公里。这154个平方公里就是我们平常所说的黄山风景区。黄山风景区在1985年就被评为中国十大风景名胜区，1990年又被联合国世界教科文组织收录为世界自然与文化遗产名录，我国虽然有三十处世界遗产，但是双遗产的只有四处，2019年二月又成为世界地质公圆，黄山是我国唯一一处头顶三顶桂冠的风景区。

黄山在秦朝以前叫三天子都，由于他的三大主峰海拔都在1800米以上，当时的居民都认为这座山只有神仙才能上的去，平民百姓是上不去的，所以叫三天子都。到秦以后改称黟山，“黟”是左边一个黑，右边一个多，读音和一二三四的“一”是一样的，因为黄山的山体大多由花岗岩组成，花岗岩的表面都有一层苔藓，这苔藓经过日晒雨淋之后远远望去是黑乎乎的一片，所以叫黑多山。黄山这个名字是到唐朝以后才改的，是不是到唐朝以后就由黑变黄了呢，那倒不是。而是在唐朝时这里广泛流传了一个传说，这个传说说的是我们的祖先轩辕黄帝在统一中原以后感觉自己是大业以成，所以就想寻求一种长生不老之药，使自己能得道成仙，就带领他的两位臣子，一个容成子，一个浮丘公，他们三个遍访了全国各地的名山大川，最后选中了黄山，在这里采药炼丹，最后服下仙丹乘龙升天了。由于唐明皇比较相信道教，也就非常崇信这样一个传说，于是在公元747年，也就是唐天宝六年，亲自下旨将黟山改为黄山。山名就由此而来，并不是黄颜色的山。

那到黄山来看什么呢，说起来很简单，就八个字，也就是我们平常所说的黄山的四绝，奇松、怪石、云海和温泉。

其中黄山松位列黄山四绝之首，也是我们安徽省的省树。它属于高山树种，一般生长在海拔800米以上的山地，也曾经叫中国台湾松，由油松转化而来。和马尾松相比有着一些明显的特征，它的树冠大多呈扁平状，而且层次分明，松针较短，也比较粗，颜色呈墨绿色。它的这些特征是和它的生长环境有关系的，一般高山上常年的风力都比较大，象我们黄山年平均风力为6-7级，如果它山下的马尾松那样长的高高大大，密不透风，大风刮过来的时候形成的阻力也就非常大，很容易将树头吹断，所以它的树冠为扁平状且层次分明就是便于滤风而保护树冠的。松针的颜色较深也是适应环境的，我们都知道海拔每上升100米，大气压强要下降，气温也要下降。

大气压强越低也就意味着空气越稀薄，而大气层对阳光中的紫外线能起到一定的过滤作用。那空气越稀薄紫外线也就越强，而紫外线对生物的细胞有着很强的杀伤力，这个我想大家都曾感受过，在太阳底下暴晒一天会有什么结果?一般会火辣辣的疼，严重的会脱皮，这就是紫外线对我们人体细胞的杀伤。那松树也是一样的，为了抵抗紫外线的入侵，所以颜色长的较深，同时也起到增加热能的作用，我们都知道深色物体比浅色物体接收热能的能力要强的多，所以它又有防寒的作用。

据史书记载黄山最低温度达到零下28摄氏度，在这种低温下能正常生长就在于它的松针能够吸收大量的热能。这是我们很容易就能发觉的特征，黄山松还有一个非常明显的特征，不过需要我们仔细去观察，它的根系非常庞大，一般比主干长15倍到20倍左右。为什么有这样庞大的根系呢?这也是和它的生长环境分不开的，我们黄山有这样一句俗语：黄山是无山不石，无石不松，无松不奇。

这些松树不是生长在土壤里，而是长在花岗岩上。那我们都知道花岗岩上养料很少，这就需要一个庞大的根系去到处收罗养料。其实这庞大的根系还有更重要的作用，因为植物的跟在作呼吸作用的时候会呼出二氧化碳，那根系越庞大呼出的二氧化碳也就越多，而花岗岩的主要成分除了硅酸盐之外大多是碳酸盐，这些不可溶性的碳酸盐遇到二氧化碳和水之后就形成了可溶性的碳酸氢盐，所以根系越发达溶解花岗岩的能力就越强，从而使它的根能深深的扎入岩石里头，我们所以才能在电视风光片里看到黄山的这些松树在悬崖绝壁之上顶风傲雪，大风刮不倒，大雪也压不垮。如果这些根仅仅生长在岩石表面，那大风一吹就倒了，大雪一压也就垮了。虽然黄山松有这样庞大的根系去到处收罗养料，但是它的养料来源还是远远不足，我们都知道，花岗岩中虽然有着丰富的矿物质，但是缺少一种元素，那就是氮元素，而氮元素是生命构成的基本元素，没有氮，氨基酸合成不了，生命也形成不了。

那它的氮元素从哪里来呢?主要来自于夏季的雷雨天气，每当打雷下雨的时候，都会产生强电流和高电压，这时候电流可达到几千万安培，电压也可以达到几亿伏，在这种强电流和高电压的作用下，空气中游离的氧和氮就形成了氮化物——亚硝基，松树通过它的表皮吸收亚硝基来补充氮元素的不足。从这里我们可以看的出来，黄山松的养料来源非常少，所以它长得也非常慢，但我们千万别小瞧这些小松树，虽然它很小，但它的年纪却很老。有一部电影年纪稍微大一点都看过，刘晓庆和陈冲主演的《小花》，其中有一段刘晓庆跪在台阶上抬担架的戏就在我们黄山的百步云梯上拍的，我们今天就要走过那段台阶，看过这部电影的应该还有印象，在台阶的旁边有一片小树林，这部电影是拍于1979年，到现在已经二十多年了，如果在山下这片小树林早已长成参天大树了，可是我们今天过去看看，它们依然还那么高，这就是它们生长环境非常恶劣所造成的结果。

第二绝就是怪石，黄山是奇峰林立，怪石成群，但有名称的并不多，大约一百八十处左右。这些名称都是以前的游人根据自己的想象取了一些好听的名字，比如什么仙女绣花，武松打虎之类的，但这些只能说三分形象，七分靠大家想象，因为它们毕竟是大自然风化所形成，并非人工刻意去雕刻的。所以我们上去以后也可以尽情发挥自己的想象力，不必非得局限于前人的眼光，因为所处的地域不同，所处的时代不同，审美观是不同的，看待同一事物所得的结果也是不同的，比方象西安来客人可以把某些石头看成兵马俑，象我们这些非西安的人会往兵马俑去想吗，可能性不大。再加上这几年黄山新的道路不断开通，景区不断扩大，前人不能到达的地方我们现在可以到了，前人不能欣赏的角度我们现在可以欣赏了，比如我们在去迎客松之前就有一块石头，形状就很象现在的通讯工具—手机，所以我们都叫它手机石，在没有手机之前是无论如何也不会想到这上面来的，对不对。

黄山的第三绝是云海，黄山自古云成海，所以又有黄海之称。在黄山观云海的最佳季节是在冬季，一般在十一月份以后到第二年的五月初之前。为什么在这段时间呢?因为到十一月份以后黄山开始进入冬季，气温逐渐下降，随着气温的降低空气的体积逐渐缩小，高空的云层也开始往下落，而且气温降低后空气的对流速度也逐渐减慢，云层相对来说也比较薄，一般稳定在海拔1200—1600米之间，当我们登上海拔高于1600米以上的山峰的时候就可以看到自己脚下是茫茫一片的白云，而且每当风起的时候云层会象大海一样波涛汹涌，看起来十分的壮观，所以称作黄山的第三绝。但到五月份以后随着气温的升高云层也开始升高，随着空气对流速度的加快云层也开始逐渐增厚，一般从海拔800米到两三千米都是云，这时我们就不要奢望能看到云海了，这时不但云海看不见，就连奇松和怪石也看不见了，因为这时整个黄山都被云层所笼罩，就不是云而是雾了，能见度好的时候大约能看到百米开外，差的时候只有三到五米，那我们能看到什么呢?只有头顶的茫茫大雾，脚下的台阶路以及身边的几棵小树，我们导游中有这样一段顺口溜：抬头看雾，低头看路，左右看树，不如回家睡床铺。

在黄山累了一两天，回去别人问你黄山怎么样，不知道，还不如在家睡在床上舒服。而且我们黄山这样的天气还挺多，大约占到全年的三分之二，一年大约有两百八十天左右是雨雾天气。而这恶劣的天气却给黄山的经济建设带来了很大的好处，很多人是来了一次来两次，来了两次来三次的，运气不好的来四五都没看见也可能。所以大家不要以为来黄山碰到大雾是运气不好，其实这是黄山的正常天气，晴空万里才是不正常的天气呢。而且有时候往往是最恶劣的天气才伴有最美的景，我们有这样一句话;山以云为衣，云以山为体，只有有山有云的时候才有那种意境，才有仙山的感觉。晴空万里仅仅是把黄山一览无余，没有太多的回味，也缺乏韵味。对我来说偏爱黄山的冬景，那茫茫的云海，皑皑的白雪，苍翠的松树，俨然国画中的仙境，黄山四季皆胜景，唯有腊冬景更佳。

那黄山的第四绝就是温泉了，我们黄山的温泉是名副其实的温泉，在出水口的温度为42度，这种温度洗浴既不会凉，也不会烫，因为我们人发烧最高也就这温度。而且是含重碳酸盐不含硫元素的矿泉，不仅可以洗浴还可以直接拿来饮用的。传说当年轩辕黄帝在服下仙丹后即将乘龙升天，但对着镜子一看，发现自己已是满头白发，满脸皱纹，这副容颜即使做了神仙也不好看，于是就跳进温泉，沐浴汤泉是三天三夜，最后须发尽黑，颜面如孩童，乘龙升天了。当然能把白头发泡黑，这功效是肯定没有的，除非您和轩辕黄帝一样吃了仙丹差不多。但要把皱纹泡没了还是可以的，不要说三天三夜了，估计一天一夜就差不多了，不相信的可以试试看。不过黄山要看的主要还是松、石、云，温泉只是走累了泡一泡用来消除疲劳的。好了黄山的简单情况就说这么多，具体景点我们到了山上再一一欣赏。

请看奉先寺的布局：一佛、二弟子、二菩萨、二天王、二力士，另外还有两个供养人。主佛梵名“卢舍那”，按佛教说法，佛有三身：法身是佛的本来之身;报身即佛经过长期修行而获得的“佛果”之身;应身即佛为“超度众生”而显现之身。卢舍那即所谓报身佛，译名“净惭”。主尊像为结跏跌坐中央的卢舍召晰，全像通高17.14米，其中头部高4米，两耳为1.9米高，为龙门石窟最大的佛雕。其面容丰腴典雅、眉若新月、双目含情、笑意微露、慈祥外溢。她那智慧的双眼，稍向下俯视，目光恰好和礼佛朝拜者的仰视目光交汇，可引起人们感情上的震颤。由此可见设计者的匠心和艺术魅力所在。两侧侍立的二弟子，老者伽叶形象严谨持重，少者阿难形象丰满圆润、眉清目秀。各恃立菩萨头戴宝冠、身挂璎珞、肩搭帔帛、下衣长裙有出水之势。这一铺雕像刻画出一种端庄而美丽又动人的风貌。奉先寺的整个布局，使人感觉象是皇帝在宣召文武百官的场面。

从艺术上看，奉先寺造像布局谐调均称。大佛像五官刻画合乎比例，这一巧夺天工的辉煌成就，具有永不磨灭的艺术魅力。是唐代宗教艺术的概括，是我国雕刻史上伟大范例之一。

请大家随我继续参观古阳洞。古阳洞开凿于北魏太和十六年，就是公元493年迁都洛阳市之际。洞内雕刻90%以上是北魏时期的作品，是龙门石窟群中开凿最早、内容最丰富的一座洞窟。古阳洞的造像，以其风格、特征而论，代表了迁都洛阳市后北魏后期的一些变化。由北魏前期粗旷、雄健、挺实变为清秀、美丽、开始摆脱前期的作风。面部表情刻画也由严峻变得比较温和，给人以亲切之感。

各位，龙门石窟的游览到此结束。现在给各位留20分钟时间照相。待一会儿我们将车开过龙门桥，跨过伊河，到河对岸观赏龙门西山全貌。谢谢各位!

各位游客：

欢迎大家来到。有着占全国面积六分之一的土地，人们一踏上这里，就会被它的神奇博大、美丽富饶所吸引。相信在短短几天的游览中，光彩夺目的历史文化、瑰丽全姿的民族风情、神秘绝妙的自然景观、珍奇稀有的古迹遗踪、富饶丰盛的物产资源会让您惊叹不已。

地理概况

游客们，神奇在哪里?首先还是让我来介绍一下它的地理概貌。的地形地势可以用一句话来概括，这就是“三山夹两盆”。天山山脉横贯，南与昆仑山脉、阿尔金山脉合抱塔里木盆地，北与阿尔泰山脉合抱准噶尔盆地。俗称天山以南为南疆，天山以北为北疆。南疆的塔里木盆地，中间是塔克拉玛干大沙漠;北疆的准噶尔盆地，中间是古尔班通古特沙漠。两大沙漠周围，分布着大大小小的绿洲。绿洲和山地草原，成了人民的世居之地。

其实，更形象一点来看，的地貌就像一个字，那就是疆字的右半部“畺”，其中“三横”表示三山，自北而南分别是阿尔泰山、天山和昆仑山一阿尔金山，夹在三横中的“两田”表示两大盆地，北面是准噶尔盆地，南面是塔里木盆地。的总面积为160多万平方公里，相当于陕西、甘肃、宁夏、青海四省区面积的总和。

历史文化

辽阔的土地孕育了深厚的历史文化。古称“西域”，早在新石器时代就已有居民。由于地域辽阔，交通发达，历史上曾是众多民族驰骋角逐之地。远古在南疆活动的主要是羌人，相传还有与周人有着远亲关系的赤鸟人。到了秦汉之际，已形成许多“国”，史称“西域三十六国”。历史上对沟通和内地关系贡献最大的要数汉武帝，公元前138年，他派张骞出使西域，此后又派卫青、霍去病、李广等名将率军出击匈奴，并逐步使西域归属了汉朝。

张骞出使西域后的1500多年时间里，无数商人、官吏、使臣、僧侣沿着张骞的足迹东来西往，形成了一条沟通中国与中亚、南亚以及欧洲的商业通道。伴随着古道上的驼铃声，古代中国精美的手工艺品、珍贵的药材以及火药炼制术、造纸术、印刷术传到了西方，欧洲和亚洲各国的特产以及佛教、景教、伊斯兰教及其文化艺术也流入了中国。流通在这条通道上的商品中，最珍贵、最具代表性的即是精美华丽的中国丝绸，因此这条古老的交通线就被誉为“丝绸之路”。丝绸之路像一条友谊的纽带，把古老的黄河流域文化、恒河流域文化、古希腊文化和波斯文化联结在一起，成了一条举世闻名的最古老的“外贸交流、文化传播之路”。

汉代以后，丝路交通维续不衰，西域成了著名的佛教地区，天山南麓的许多石窟都是在南北朝时期开凿的。盛唐时期，也是历史上的黄金时代，特别是公元640年唐太宗平高昌，不久又打败突厥，使唐朝西部的疆域跨过葱岭，推进到了中亚，成了我国关内的腹地。此时国强不怕外侮，边关大开，中外人士均可自由往来，丝绸之路畅通无阻，贸易交往空前繁荣。宋元明时期，时分时合，直至清乾隆年间，西域始称。公元1759年，乾隆派兵先后平定北疆准噶尔部和南疆大小和卓的叛乱，使长期分裂的复归统一。

罗汉殿：中轴线上的第三个佛殿叫罗汉殿，八角造型，俗称“八角琉璃殿”，造型独特，在中国佛教寺院中可谓独一无二。附檐周围游廊环绕，殿中一院，有八角亭耸立。游廊四周塑有 “释迦牟尼讲经会”的大型佛雕，众佛、菩萨、四大天王、罗汉、高低胖瘦，姿态各异，告型生动。八角亭中站立一尊3米多高的四面千手千眼观音菩萨像。这立像是乾隆年间由一名民间无名艺人用一株完整的银杏树雕刻而成，四面造型相同，每面各有六只大手及扇状小手三至四层，每只手掌中均刻有一眼，共计1048只眼，民间俗称“千眼千手佛”，为观音菩萨三十三变相之一。此造像不仅材料珍贵，雕工更是精巧，可谓鬼斧神工，甚是神奇，是相国寺镇寺之宝。说到这尊千手千眼观音，还有一个美丽的传说。据说古时有一个国王病重，百治不愈，无奈之际，求助于一个游方各尚。和尚说，我柯予你一个仙方，但需你亲人的一只手、一只眼做药方，方能见效。国王召见他的三个女儿，大女儿说：“我刚刚生下一个婴儿，如果断手剜眼，谁来照顾孩子呢?”二女儿说：“我刚刚完婚，倘若如此，何以面对驸马呢?”只有三女儿站出来说：“我年轻无忧，就让我来帮助父王吧!”她毫不犹豫地抽刀断下一臂，剜下一眼，做成药引。国王用药后，竟奇迹般地康复了。这个故事广为流传，竟然让佛祖知道了。佛祖大为感慨，说这就是我们推崇的孝道啊!我要给他重新安上手眼，重塑全身让百姓都对长辈行以孝道。佛祖的话经传令官传下来，因为中国话“全” 与 “千”相近，竟传成了 “千”，所以这个公主就成了现在这个样子了。

远古人类的足迹，随着时代推移而遍及今日的南京。东郊汤山出土了距今约30万～50万年的“南京猿人”完整的头骨化石;溧水县神仙洞发现了距今l万年以前的“溧水人”遗址。

距今6000多年前，南京鼓楼岗西北侧的北阴阳营和玄武湖畔、长江岸边开始出现新石器时代的原始村落，聚居着南京的初民。3000多年前，沿江河地带，已经相当密集地分布着青铜时代的居民聚落，以秦淮河中游的湖熟镇一带较为集中，称为“湖熟文化” 。

公元前472年，越王勾践灭吴后，在今中华门西南侧建城，开创了南京的城垣史。公元前333年，楚威王大败越国，于石头山筑城置金陵邑，金陵之称亦因此而得名。秦汉时

期，南京地区随经济发展而建县渐多。汉末三国鼎立之初，公元220xx年，孙权在武昌称帝，9月即迁都于此，称作建业，为南京建都之始。公元320xx年，晋琅琊王司马睿建立东晋政权，以建康(今南京)为国都，这是南京城市发展史上的第一个高峰时期。此后，南朝宋、齐、梁、陈相继定都建康，史称“六代豪华”，南京由此有“六朝古都”的美称。公元937年，南京成为南唐的首都，称为江宁府，这是南京城市发展史上的第二个高峰期。1368年，朱元璋在应天府称帝，建立明朝，以“应天”为“南京”，第一次成为一统天下的全国首都。由此，南京城市发展进入又一高峰期，南京都城为当时世界第一大城。1853年，太平天国定都于此，改名天京。1920xx年元旦，中华民-国成立，孙中山在南京就任中华民-国临时大总统。1920xx年，国民政府定南京为首都。

“金陵自古帝王州”，从中古到近现代，继孙吴之后，东晋、宋、齐、梁、陈、南唐、明朝、太平天国以及中华民-国先后定都南京，共455年，史称“十代故都”，留下了丰富的文化文化遗产。

1949年4月23日南京解放，成为中央人民政府直辖市。1952年9月，南京为江苏省省辖市。1953年1月1日，江苏省人民政府成立，南京为江苏省省会。1994年2月，经国务院同意，中央机构编制委员会明确南京的行政级别为副省级。

南京是中国重要的综合性工业生产基地。南京的电子、化工生产能力在国内城市中居第二位，车辆制造规模居第三位，机械制造业的技术、规模居国内领先地位，家用电器业、建材工业也都具有较大规模。南京是华东地区重要的交通、通讯枢纽，建立了全方位、立体化、大运量的交通运输网络，铁路、公路、水运、空运、管道五种运输方式齐全，拥有现代化的通讯体系。南京是全国四大科研教育中心城市之一，是全国重要的高教、科研基地，拥有一批国内一流的高校和科研机构。被国家9个部委列为中国投资硬环境 “四十优”城市之一。先后被评为中国城市综合实力“五十强”第五名、国家园林城市、中国优秀旅游城市、全国科技兴市先进城市、全国双拥模范城市、全国城市环境综合整治10佳城市、全国科技进步先进城市、国家环境保护和国家卫生城市等称号。

古老的秦淮河玉带般蜿蜒舒展，站立桥头，眼前宛然是历史在悠悠流过;点缀两旁的玄武湖和莫愁湖静如处子，似在幽然倾诉;钟山、栖霞山迤逦悠长，“神龙”般延续着千年的守卫;金陵古城默然而立，城内的沧桑繁华刻写着它的年轮。

南京文化古迹遍布，从中可以探寻历史的源头：中山陵依山而建，结构严整，观之而生一股浩然之气;夫子庙建筑群古色古香，漫步其间，让你体味明清时代的市井繁荣;中华门气势宏伟，设计巧妙，置身城内，壁垒森然，耳边似有战马嘶鸣;此外还有灵谷寺、石象路、三国东吴所筑石头城遗址、明代朱元璋的陵墓(明孝陵)以及革命纪念地雨花台等，引人遐思无限。

古老悠久的文化遗产，现代文明的经济都市，与蔚为壮观的自然景观构成了南京独特的园林城市风貌。