夫子庙导游词讲解简短优秀20篇

旅客朋友们，大家好，欢迎来到张家界游览，今天很高兴能为你们做导游，我姓邓，大家就叫我小邓吧。在今天的游览日程里，我会竭诚为大家服务，为使大家有一个良好的游览环境，在游览过程中，请大家讲究文明卫生，不要吸烟，不要乱丢果皮杂物，为了保护洞内景观及设施，请大家不要触击景物，带有相机的朋友还请不要翻越栏杆照相，谢谢您的合作，祝愿大家旅游愉快。

今天我们要参观的地方就是黄龙洞，如今的黄龙洞与过去相比已是焕然一新。现在大家所在的位置就是黄龙洞的入口也是其出口，进入洞内首先要经过百米长廊，这百米长廊道路窄小、光线阴暗，行动不是很方便，希望大家一路小心，注意安全。大家注意，前面就是双门迎宾，走过这道双门，就来到了黄龙洞的大厅――龙舞厅，洞内异常的宽敞，布局尤为巧妙，到处灯光闪烁，里面的景物，千奇百怪，有些景物左看像人，右看像物，别具一格，洞内还有很多造型奇特、颜色各异的石笋和钟乳石，真让人目不暇接，整个洞内的氛围既恐怖又刺激。再往下走大家会发现一个很长的石笋，叫定海神针，这种石笋一百年才长一厘米。继续前行，我们会看到一个约有一千米长的小河流，据说这是一条黄龙洗澡的阴河。

心动了吧!心动不如行动，那大家就跟我往前走吧，更加美丽的景观还在前头……

州，简称“徽”，古称歙州，又名新安，为浙江省最早雏形唐末两浙道的组成部分，也是江南省分割后安徽之“徽”的命名来源。

徽州古城(2)宋徽宗宣和三年(1121年)，改歙州为徽州，府治今歙县，从此历宋元明清四代，统一府六县，明清时徽商称雄中国商界500余年，有“无徽不成镇”、“徽商遍天下”之说。

徽文化也成为中外学者重点研究的中华三大地域文化之一。1987年，国务院批准改徽州地区为黄山市。今黄山市下属的徽州区长期来一直为歙县地治，于1988年1月划歙县7个乡镇成立。歙县徽城镇古为徽州府城。

徽州“一府六县”格局始于唐大历五年(770年)。

自从晋太康元年(280后年)新安郡辖黟、歙、海宁、黎阳、遂安、始新六县以后，历有变动。南朝宋大明八年(464年)，黎阳县并入海宁县，新安郡辖歙、黟、海宁、遂安和始新五县。梁普通三年(522年)，划吴郡寿昌县归新安郡。梁承圣二年(553年)，分海宁、黟、歙三县各一部分置黎阳县，四县划出新安郡置新宁郡，治所海阳。陈天嘉三年(562年)新宁郡并入新宁郡，辖歙、黟、海宁(黎阳县并入)，始新、遂安、寿昌六县。隋开皇九年(589年)，罢新安郡，废黟、歙二县入海宁县，划归婺州管辖。开皇十一年复黟、歙二县，置歙州，州治黟。开皇十八年，改海宁县为休宁县。隋大业三年(607年)，改歙州为新安郡，领休宁、黟、歙三县，郡治休宁县万安山。唐武德四年(621年)，改新安郡为歙州，州治歙县。开元二十八年(740年)，划休宁县西乡和乐平县怀金乡建婺源县，属歙州。永泰二年(766年)，划歙、休宁二县地设归德县，划黟县赤山镇和饶州浮梁县一部分设祁门县，划歙县华阳镇设绩溪县，均属歙州。大历五年(770年)，废归德县，地复归歙、休宁二县，州领黟、歙、祁门、休宁、婺源、绩溪六县。形成徽州一府六县格局。

徽州婚嫁：旧时，徽州婚嫁严格遵循父母之命，媒妁之言。一般有九道程序：说媒、行聘、请期、搬行嫁、开脸、迎亲、拜堂、闹洞房、回门。说媒者一般为年长女性，称"媒婆"。行聘俗称"送担"，女方接礼后当天回礼，婚事即定。定亲后，由男方选定结緍日期通知女方，称"请期"。请期后搬行嫁。迎亲当天，由姑妈或舅妈用两根丝线把新娘额头的汗毛绞去，谓之"开脸"，亦称"拉面"。接着便是迎亲、拜堂、闹洞房。婚后第三天，新郞陪同新娘回拜父母，谓之"回门"。此为"明媒正娶"。另有童婚、纳妾、抢亲、入赘、冲喜、灵前婚等特殊婚姻形式。20世纪50年代后，父母包办婚姻逐渐被自由恋爱代替，婚事简办。80年代后，有采取旅游结緍和集体婚礼形式的。

徽州人杰地灵，不仅以神奇美妙的自然景观名播中外，更以灿烂辉煌的徽州文化著称于世。东汉、西晋、唐末、北宋时，有四次北方强宗大族的南迁，带来了先进的生产技术和中原文化，而徽州文化则是对中原文化的最杰出的包容整合。它的全面崛起始于北宋后期，至明清时期达到鼎盛。徽州文化内涵丰富，在各个层面、各个领域都形成了独特的流派和风格。如新安理学、徽派朴学、新安医学、新安画派、徽派版画、徽派篆刻、徽剧、徽商、徽派建筑、徽州“四雕”、徽菜、徽州茶道、徽州方言，等等。徽州所出的著名学者和杰出人物，如秋空繁星，不可胜数。国内外学者对徽州问题的研究，始于本世纪30年代。80年代后，以研究徽州历史文化为主要内容的“徽学“(或“徽州学”)概念广为传播，国内及美、日、朝、新加坡等国都相继成立了专门的研究组织或机构。90年代后，徽州文化研究进入了新的阶段，“徽学”被誉为与敦煌学、藏学比肩而立的中国三大地方学之一。

凤眼睇中华

徽州向号“八分半山一分水，半分农田和庄园”。境内群峰参天，山丘屏列，岭谷交错，有深山、山谷，也有盆地、平原，波流清沏，溪水回环，到处清荣峻茂，水秀山灵，犹如一幅风景优美的画图。“一生痴绝处，无梦到徽州”，多少文人墨客对她产生了念慕之情，有的游客甚至“爱其山水清沏，遂久居。

Hello, everyone! Today we are going to visit the Confucius Temple on theBank of Qinhuai River. Speaking of Confucius Temple, we have to talk aboutQinhuai River, the mother river of Nanjing people. Qinhuai River, also known ashuaishui, Xiaojiang and longzangpu, is the ancient origin of Nanjing culture. Itenters the city from dongshuiguan and leaves the city from xishuiguan. It flowsthrough the section about ten li in front of the Confucius Temple, so it iscalled "ten li Qinhuai". From ancient times to the present, both sides of theQinhuai River are a prosperous scene. Du Mus poem in the Tang Dynasty says:"smoke cage, cold water cage, sand cage, Night Mooring Qinhuai near therestaurant. Business women do not know the hatred of national subjugation, butthey still sing "the flowers in the back court" across the river. Afterliberation, with the vigorous construction of Nanjing municipal government,todays ten mile Qinhuai River has become a national 5A scenic spot showing theunique style of Jiangnan.

The Confucius Temple consists of Confucius Temple, Academy and Gongyuan. Inthe Eastern Jin Dynasty, the imperial court built the Academy here; in the SongDynasty, the Confucius Temple was expanded on the former site of the Academy; inthe Southern Song Dynasty, the imperial examination hall Gongyuan was opened.However, the Confucius Temple was destroyed and built five times in history. Thelast one was destroyed in 1937 by the Japanese invaders. Todays ConfuciusTemple was rebuilt after 1984.

Temple Square (2 minutes)

Dear tourists, now we come to the square in front of the Confucius Temple.The integration of temple and market is one of the most remarkablecharacteristics of Confucius Temple. The square is a temple in the verticaldirection and a city in the horizontal direction. The temple and market areintegrated into a unique atmosphere. The red wall behind you is called Zhaobi,which has the functions of shielding, avoiding evil spirits and decoration. Itis 110 meters long and is the largest in China. The semicircular pool in frontof Zhaobi is called panchi. In ancient times, the place where the emperorlectured was called Biyong, the school palace where the princes lectured wascalled panchi, and the school palace of Confucius Temple was equivalent to theplace where the princes lectured. Therefore, this pool is called panchi. Thebridge on the west side of panchi is called Wende bridge, which is named for theConfucian advocating the moral of writing. Because the direction of the bridgeis consistent with the meridian, it is cultivated every year Around the 15th dayof November, the reflection of the bright moon in the sky will be divided intotwo parts by the shadow of the bridge. This spectacle is called "Wende dividingthe moon". There is a star gathering Pavilion on the west side of Wende BridgeSquare, which means "stars gather, talents gather". Facing this large archway,it is the "world Wenshu archway". The shape is four pillars and three doors,which means that it is the center of world culture. There is Kuixing Pavilion onthe south side of the archway. In ancient times, it was said that Kuixing was asign of prosperity of literature and also a symbol of winning the first place inthe imperial examination. Therefore, Kuixing was regarded as a God by studentsof all ages. In the north of the square is the Lingxing gate. It is said thatthe Lingxing gate is the cultural star in the sky and the star cluster in chargeof education. The reason for its name is that it means that the scholars of theworld gather here.

Dachengmen, terrace (1 minute)

Dacheng gate is the main gate of Dacheng hall and the main gate ofConfucius Temple. In the ancient feudal hierarchy, only officials could go inand out from Dacheng gate, while ordinary scholars could only go in and out fromthe side gate. Two big characters, Li and Ren, are engraved on the walls on bothsides behind the door, which are the core of Confucius thought and his lifelonggoal. Behind the Dacheng gate and in front of the Dacheng hall, there is acorridor. On both sides of the corridor, there are eight of the twelve studentsof Confucius. They are all carved from white jade of Han Dynasty. They are minsang, ran Geng, ran Qiu, Duanmu Ci, ran Yong, Zai Yu, Yan Yan Yan and Zhong you.At the end of the corridor is a terrace, which is 1.4 meters high, 21.8 meterslong from east to west, and 14 meters wide from north to south. It is surroundedby stone railings. In front of the terrace are two dragon play pearls and Danbistones, and on both sides are stone lamps. The terrace is a place for sacrifice,singing and dancing. In the middle of the terrace is a bronze statue ofConfucius. In front of the bronze statue is an iron censer, engraved with thetitle of "supreme saint and forerunner". With a height of 4.18 meters and aweight of 2.37 tons, the bronze statue is the largest one in the Confuciantemples in China. On both sides of the terrace, there used to be two verandahs,which were used to worship the memorial tablets of the 72 sages of Confucius andto store sacrificial, ceremonial and dancing utensils. Now they are reduced tosmall two verandahs and changed into stele corridors. There are more than 30steles with ink marks of famous calligraphers such as Zhao Puchu, Lin Sanzhi andWu Zhongqi for tourists to enjoy.

Dacheng Hall (2 minutes)

Dacheng hall is the landmark of Confucius Temple, 16.22 meters high, 27.3meters wide and 27.9 meters deep. The words "Dacheng hall" are written on thesea blue vertical plaque under the front eaves. There is a standing sculpture oftwo dragons playing with pearls on the roof of Dacheng hall, which is the firstof its kind in China. The light and beautiful style of the roof covered withgreen tiles is obviously different from that of the northern Confucius Templewith yellow glazed tiles. It is more easygoing and popular, which is one of themanifestations of Nanjing Confucius Temple closer to folk culture. In the centerof the hall, there is the largest portrait of Confucius in China. On the top ofthe portrait are three plaques, all of which are written by emperors of pastdynasties. They are "model of the world" by Kangxi, "with heaven and earth" byQianlong, and "Si Wen Zai Zi" by Guangxu. In front of the portrait stand fourstudents of Confucius, namely Mencius, Kongji, Zengshen and Yanhui. In front ofthe portrait are ancient musical instruments such as Qin, guzheng and drum. Onthe walls around, there are 38 inlaid murals reflecting Confucius life anddeeds, which are "the picture of Confucius miracles", carved by 200 craftsmenin Yueqing, Zhejiang Province, using famous jade, chicken blood jelly, Shoushanstone, gold, jewelry and other precious ornaments from Zhejiang, Fujian, InnerMongolia, Guangdong, Guangxi and other places. The total investment is 5.8million yuan, and the current value is more than 100 million yuan The 38 muralsare: the picture of the holy trace, the preface of the title, the prayer ofNishan, the book of Qilin jade, the two dragons and five elders, etc.

Inscriptions (1 minute)

From Dacheng hall, the ancient well on the right is Yutu spring. Accordingto records, Yutu spring was discovered and excavated by Qin Hui. Beside thespring stands the stele of raising money for imperial examinations, whichrecords the history of Li Hongzhang and Zuo Zongtangs donation of examineesfees to Beijing in the period of Liangjiang governor. On the other side, thereare four steles, the most famous of which is the stele of Confucius asking forrites, which was carved in the Southern Dynasty. It records the story ofConfucius seeking for rites from Laozi in Luoyang, the city where the emperorlived from the state of Lu to the state of Zhou, when slavery was about tocollapse at the end of the spring and Autumn period. In addition, it is the onlythree steles in Nanjing, namely, the stele of Jiqing Confucius Temple and thestele of fengzhishengfu The stele of man and the stele of FengSi.

A school: school gate (30 seconds), Mingde Hall (1 minute 30 seconds),Zunjing Pavilion and its surroundings (1 minute)

The academy is located in the rear of Dacheng hall. It is inscribed on thelintel of the gate in the south by Zeng Guofan, and on the lintel of the gate inthe north by Qin Dashi, the number one scholar in the southeast. Entering thegate of the Academy, you can see a bell and a drum standing in the two pavilionson the left and right. On the forehead of the pavilions are the words "Xi Li"and "Yang Sheng", which were used by scholars to worship Confucius in ancienttimes.

Facing the gate of the school is Mingde hall, whose name is inscribed byWen Tianxiang. Mingde hall is the place where students gather. After thepilgrimage every month, students gather here to teach their tutors to preach theholy doctrine and the imperial edict, so as to cultivate their loyalty andpatriotism. Ming De Tang was originally named "Ming Lun Tang". When the yuanarmy was about to conquer Nanjing, Wen Tianxiang changed "Ming Lun Tang" to"Ming De Tang" by hand in order to show his determination to die rather thansurrender and his ambition to serve the country and the people.

The Zunjing Pavilion behind Mingde hall is three stories high, with doubleeaves and T-shaped ridges on the top of the mountain. It was a lecture hallwhere Confucian classics were stored and lectures were given. Now it is a museumof folk customs. Standing side by side with Zunjing pavilion are Chongshengtemple and Qingyun tower. Zunjing academy is divided into two sides behindZunjing Pavilion. Chongsheng temple was originally dedicated to Confuciusancestors, but now it is pear garden. Qingyun building was changed into alibrary in the Qing Dynasty. Zunjing academy is a place for lectures, which isequivalent to the present classroom. The small highland behind Zunjing Pavilionis called Weishan, with Jingyi pavilion built. The so-called "Jingyi" is thedevotion to Confucianism.

Other (1 minute)

Ladies and gentlemen, the Confucius Temple is prosperous during the day,and the Confucius Temple at night is even more colorful! As early as thenorthern and Southern Dynasties, there was a Jinling Lantern Festival on theQinhuai River, and it reached its peak in the Ming Dynasty. The Qinhuai River inthe sound of oars and lights is unique in the world. Todays Confucius Templefollows the Huizhou architectural style of "blue brick, small tile, horse headwall, cloister with falling flowers and windows". When tourists come here, theycan not only appreciate the traditional culture, but also taste the uniqueQinhuai snacks, explore the legend of Qinhuai Bayan, enjoy the scenery on bothsides of the Strait by Qinhuai boat, or explore the traces of celebrities suchas Wuyi lane, former residence of Wang Dao xiean and former residence of LiXiangjun. This is the end of my explanation. Thank you!

B Gongyuan front street, Mingyuan building (1 minute 30 seconds)

Now we come to the front street of Gongyuan. There are six statues standingin the street. They are all talented people from all dynasties. They are TangYin, Wu Chengen, Zheng Banqiao, Wu Jingzi, Lin Zexu and Zhang Jian. On the eastside of the sculpture, there are 11 stone tablets, which record the rise andfall of the Gongyuan, as well as the praise, evaluation and chanting ofemperors, ministers and celebrities. In front of the front street is theGongyuan, on which there are couplets inscribed by Li Yu. It was built in theSouthern Song Dynasty and is specially used for holding imperial examinations.At first, the number of examinees was small and the scale was not large. It wasonly used for the examination of government and county schools. When the numberof examinees increased, it even needed to borrow temples as temporaryexamination rooms. In the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, the Gongyuan wasrebuilt. Later, the scale of Nanjing Gongyuan continued to expand. When it wasofficially named "Jiangnan Gongyuan" in the Qing Dynasty, it reached anunprecedented trend, starting from yaojiaxiang in the East, In the west, thereare more than 20000 houses, bordering on the Qinhuai River in the South andJiankang road in the north. After the Republic of China, Gongyuan was neglected.Until today, only Mingyuan building has been preserved as a historical relic.Mingyuan building was used for warning and giving orders in the past imperialexaminations. In the arch on the first floor, there are stone tablets of Ming,Qing and Republic of China, which record the rise and fall of Jiangnan Gongyuanin detail and effectively preserve the scene of imperial examination hall infeudal times. In the 1980s, the relevant departments established "JiangnanGongyuan exhibition hall" here.

Dormitory (1 minute)

Now more than 40 houses have been restored in Gongyuan. In the order ofthousand characters, the houses are 6 feet high, 4 feet deep and 3 feet wide,with an area of no more than 1.5 square meters. There are only two boards ondisplay. Examinees have to stay in it for 9 days and have three exams. Eating,drinking and sleeping are all here. During the day, they answer questions on thechopping board, and at night, they close their clothes and sleep on the choppingboard. We can imagine the hardships of the examination in those years. In thewest side of Gongyuan, wax figures were used to show the examinees attitudes.In the east side was the tourist experience area. Interested friends canexperience it.

To court (1 minute 30 seconds)

The imperial examination began in the Sui and Tang Dynasties and ended inthe late Qing Dynasty, which lasted for 1300 years. In the Ming and QingDynasties, it gradually formed four levels of examination, namely, childrensexamination, rural examination, general examination and palace examination. The"Zhigong hall" you can see in front of you used to be the public land run by theexaminers. The word "Zhigong" means "fair, just and equal". Now it is theimperial examination exhibition room, which is divided into three exhibitionhalls: East, West and East. In the middle of the exhibition hall is the imperialexamination culture exhibition room, in which there is a sculpture of Kuixingsfighting and monopolizing the first place. The horizontal shape next to it showsthe situation of No Its often spectacular. The pictures and materials on thewalls around introduce the origin and development of Chinas imperialexamination system. The number one scholar hall on the east side displays a listof the number one scholar in China. On the west side is the hall of fame, whichdisplays celebrities related to Jiangnan Gongyuan, as well as some pictures andmaterials related to the imperial examination.

This concludes the explanation of Confucius Temple. Thank you!

各位游客，我叫“洪韵”，你们可以叫我“洪导”，希望你们能喜欢我。现在大家所在的地方是远近闻名的黄山，就由我来向大家介绍吧!

黄山位于安徽省南部，全山面积约1200平方公里。那你们知道黄山这个名字是怎么来的吗?是的，在唐代以前它叫黟山，“黟”是“黑”的意思。因为山上的石头大多都是青黑色的。后来，我们的先祖黄帝来到这儿炼丹采药，在温泉里洗澡，因而得道成仙，于是将此山改为“黄山”。

黄山素以奇松、怪石、云海、温泉“四绝”驰名中外，我们先来看看奇松：迎客松吧!迎客松热情的向我们张开“双臂”，游客朋友们，你们有没有感觉它在对你展开怀抱，欢迎你们的到来呢?看来取名迎客松是这么个道理呀!

现在，让我们走进怪石、云海的世界吧!你瞧，那个岩石是不是很像猴子呢?而那云海是不是很像汹涌澎湃的大海呀?传说，从前有个石洞里住着一只猴子，它天天修炼，想变成一个人。有一户人家住在太平县的仙源村，这户人家有个女儿——掌珠。有一天，猴子修道成功，恰巧看见了掌珠，心生爱慕之情，便变成一个公子，向掌珠求婚，掌珠看他一表人才，便欣然同意。可当入洞房的时候，它现出了原形，于是，掌珠逃走了。猴子只能蹲在石头上望着太平县城，所以故称“猴子望太平”。

各位游客，现在是不是很累呀?我们已经在黄山一绝——温泉，在这儿，你会洗掉所有的烦恼、劳累喽!温泉各式各样，有散发着玫瑰香的、玫瑰色的玫瑰温泉，有美容养白的牛奶温泉，又散发着红酒味的、红色的红酒温泉，还有纯温泉，有一个纯温泉上还有供大家玩的设施……一踏入温泉，就会有一种舒适感，像人间仙境一样。

游客们，接下来就可以泡温泉了，祝你们玩得开心，待会儿见!谢谢!

各位旅客朋友们：

大家好，欢迎大家远道而来到四川做客。我是你们的导游艺琳，我们今天要去的地方是九寨沟。九寨沟位于四川省阿坝藏族羌族自治州九寨沟县内，是白水沟上游的支沟。九寨沟海拔约在20xx米——3200米。因为沟内分布着108个湖泊，听着就觉得是《水浒传》的108个好汉，所以又有“童话世界”之誉。

旅客们，我们现在来到了九寨沟入口。刚进入口，大家就可以看见许多湖水、飞瀑。湖、泉、瀑、滩连缀一体，飞动与静谧结合，刚烈与温柔相挤。真是“九寨归来不看水”咱们看的就是水。

九寨沟还有很有名的四大景点：宝镜岩、盆景滩、芦苇海和五彩池。我们今天要去盆景滩。

那么我们现在已经到达盆景滩，藏语叫做甲珠措。由于浅滩似个大盆景，所以叫盆景滩。水中生活着许多喜爱水性的植物：杜鹃、杨柳。松树、柏树、高山柳……它们在水中摆出各种姿态：有的婀娜多姿，有的随风摆动、翩翩起舞……瞧!每一株下都有一个盆状的钙化堆积，滩中又有怪事点缀其中，加之又无人工雕琢，使这一株株树木如盆景一半矗立在水中，惹人喜爱。这正是告诉着大家九寨之美、自然之美。

好，现在大家自由活动。不要在景点乱扔垃圾。10点我们会入口集合。

Dear visitors, everybody! Welcome to our lotus buddhist - the jiuhua mountain tourism! I am the guide from you on this trip, my name is wang ping, you call me xiao wang. First of all, introduce below an overview of our jiuhua mountain. Jiuhua mountain is located in chizhou anhui province, anhui "two mountain lake" gold tourist area of the main scenic area, where has beautiful scenery, ancient forest, and mount emei in sichuan province, wutai mountain in shanxi, zhejiang mount putuo and four major buddhist mountains in China.

The jiuhua mountain was not called the jiuhua mountain, at the time of the tang dynasty is called nine mountain, because beautiful jiuhua mountain, the clouds above the mountain there are nine, so nine mountain nine children. Began years, by Li Baiceng twice visited here, has written "miao have two gas, lingshan jiu hua, tianhe hangs green water, showing nine lotus" etc historic lovers, jiuhua mountain hence the name, and has been used to this day.

The jiuhua mountain has a long history of religious activity, Taoism in jiuhua mountain development first, Buddhism more flourish. Between kai-yuan tang, woosong kingdom prince Jin Qiao sailing east, visited famous mountains, the jiuhua practice in our chosen. Night camped out in the hills of the cave, thirsty drink mountain spring hill, hungry eat the mountain of wild plants. Finally he died at the age of 99. The Buddhism thought penance before his death, passed away with records in the sutras like ksitigarbha bodhisattva, as should like ksitigarbha bodhisattva, because of his surname gold without becoming a monk, so also known as the heart of gold. Jiuhua mountain is since then all kept like ksitigarbha bodhisattva dojo. After the tang dynasty, jiuhua Buddhism statement, past dynasties after repair, to the whole of the temple in the qing dynasty already has more than 150 seats, only garden temple, east cliff temple, centenarians palace, ganlu temple four big jungle, incense of guilin.

Below we first enter the jiu hua street scenic area, first see is a cross lane. It is carved marble, 9 meters high, is the imitation of buildings has been gloriously enrolled. Banners on the engraved royal emperor kangxi book "nine Chinese scenic spot" four characters. Below the door in the north and south two column carved stone lions. Gate dignified elegance, the gate lane welcomed everyone to see is the fairy bridge, the bridge is built in the qianlong years, is a single-arch stone bridge, the following will set foot on this ancient bridge together, please follow me, into the wonderland of together!

Everyone see, across the bridge is only positive garden temple hall. Garden temple is only key national temple, the scale is one of the largest the jiuhua mountain four big jungle, by the gate, the great hall, Ursa major, guest room, lecture hall and the scripture-stored tower and so on more than 10 monomer building, is a typical modular architecture, its inside deviate from the central axis of the hall, you know why? Because ah, tilt the gate is quite exquisite, way to ward off bad luck, and secondly is the door to the city of toward the mountain temple temple. Ursa coloured glaze tile, cornices, newborn status is very outstanding. On the front wall of the temple there is a stone carving, the top "taishan shigandang" five characters very eye-catching, everyone to guess what is this used for? Actually this is only unique garden temple, is used to ward off bad luck town demon.

Enter the gate, is lingguan temple, temple, that take the door stand see shrine is ChiMian red iron scourge, wide-open, exalted Wang Lingguan. Wang Lingguan guardian deity of Taoism, is how to protect the dharma? The original legend of buddhist dharma wei tuo "killing" mistake, is "dismissal" like ksitigarbha bodhisattva, let Wang Lingguan top class, this reflects the "cooperation" the great meaning of Buddhism and Taoism, is afraid is just a place in the country.

From lingguan temple in a small courtyard, there is a square pavilions type double-hipped roof, from the top of the mountain, for the four major Kings like, according to the great hall. Sits in the middle shrine "smile, pot-bellied inclusive" maitreya. "A great bowl of thousands of rice, wan lixing" the alone, is his two ket. On either side for the four heavenly Kings statues.

Lingguan temple and great in the same stylobate, while up layer on the stylobate is Ursa major. Ursa major, the positive standing about 12 meters high Buddha iii, next is green lotus, under 须弥座 (also called Jin Gangtai), fine carving. Sweets positive cross engraved with the "personality" of the story of bedding face relief. The Buddha, worship for hosts will monk run course.

Good, swim only garden temple, we now come to the center of the street, is nine China we see is the jiuhua mountain temple temple in the city. Buddhist scriptures have "refers to the geochemical city". City temple is located in jiuhua mountain, peak city southwest of the city center, hence the name the city temple. City temple has a long history, it built in the jin dynasty, is Lord also of the jiuhua mountain temple, the temple of the building layout according to the mountain, reflect the superb architectural art. Temple has a higher consisting, weighing about 20xx pounds of clocks, casting, loud noise, use the hammer impact, dignified realisation of the bell, echoed in the valley, often make the person has the feeling of free from vulgarity. "The city production" became one of the ten views "of" nine China.

Temple after waste, still stands in the years long river. Existing four into the residential house, former SanJin for qing dynasty architecture: a into lingguan temple, two into the great hall, SanJin Ursa major. Second, there was a huge four water between SanJin patio, meaning "four water belongs to the hall". Ursa all wood door, lintel carved on the icy veins window lattice. The cuhk sunk panel "Kowloon dish bead" relief for the art treasures. Four into the scripture-stored tower as the jiuhua mountain unique buildings in Ming dynasty, recently according to the original repair. Temple according to the terrain gradually rise, the city structure is rigorous, of primitive simplicity and elegant, basic preserved the mountain temple original character.

The city shishi pair of song dynasty, under the temple steps of monogamous, like vigorous. Before have a free life pond, crescent, reportedly is golden heart leads the ACTS of building city temple during excavation, both for the temple of fire prevention, and monks and pilgrims and set them free. Before the pool is flat, open city square, the square one with the stone in the base of "empress" base, is hid in the mothers memorial gold. Allegedly hid mother learned that gold stashed ZhuoXi jiu hua, wanli trek to mountain son back, found a long time, eager, and combined with all the way wind and frost, nearly blind eyes. Gold heart with square edge mother washed for a well in the spring eye, healed mother eye diseases, CiJing Ming eyes say "spring". Gold heart attentively to wait on her mother and asked her to elaborate buddhist karma, mother is feeling, finally leave mountain to help protect the Buddha, and later generations built in the square tower, tower "called" empress. But the jiuhua mountain also has said "empress" tower is commemorative gold hid in the wifes before becoming a monk. Both mother and wife, "the legend of empress tower is beautiful.

Ok, we the jiuhua mountain tour to this end, thank you for your support and cooperation for the work of wang, hope I still have a chance to continue to service for you, I wish you all a pleasant journey! Thank you very much!

hello，欢迎大家来到九华山，我是今天的导游牛牛，古代诗人李白曾说过‘昔在九江上，遥望九华峰。大河挂绿水，秀出九芙蓉。’的著名诗篇。今天我就带领大家好好感受一下九华山的独特美。

前两天一场大雨刚过，唤起了九华山的漫山云雾，所以呢，咱们可以穿云踏雾走上山径。可以看到山路两旁杉竹成林，泉水淙淙，远远望去，天台峰高穿云间，如一把穿天银剑耸立在云雾之中。仰望天台，峰上云雾缭绕，山径蜿蜒曲折，像一条彩带从云间飘落下来。

咱们现在还在半山腰，我看非常多游客似乎都已经非常累了呀，那咱们停下了休息一会吧，大家可以拍拍照，现在这里也是非常美的，有没一种神山住的地方那种感觉，休息够了咱们就继续，因为九华山的全景启示是更美的，但是你要看到九华山全景就必须登上山峰，所以为了不虚此行，走吧，咱们一起上，一起加油。

经过一番艰苦的努力，咱们终于登上峰顶，大家深呼吸一下是不是觉得空气特别清新呢，而且在这里耳听松涛流泉，环顾四周，但见莽莽苍苍，九华山群峰犹如朵朵莲花在云海中若隐若现，极目远眺，大江如练，是不是好美啊!

大家站在这里，还是不是有一种神仙般的感觉，难得有这么新鲜的空气，大家可一定要到深呼吸几下，咱们现在就慢慢欣赏九华山的美吧。

古城南门外东侧，便是著名的应天书院，它与江西庐山白鹿洞书院，湖南长沙岳麓书院，河南登封嵩阳书院并称北宋四大书院。范仲淹年轻时曾在应天书院求学，家境贫寒的范仲淹“昼夜苦学，五年未尝解衣就枕”。终成大器后，范仲淹把家安在了商丘，他的母亲病逝后，他在家居丧，当时的应天府知府晏殊请他到书院任教，一时间“从学者不远千里而至”应天书院由此名声更盛。

这座书院还培育出了被誉为“清初文章第一家”的侯方域。今人对这位侯先生未免感到陌生，但提起清代著名戏剧《桃花扇》这部孔尚任所著的传世名作，知道的人应该很多，但对其内容能说出来的人又屈指可数了。侯方域便是这部名戏的主人公之一。侯方域，河南归德府人士。他的祖父曾担任太常寺卿，父亲是户部尚书，叔父担任南京国子监祭酒。崇祯末年，大明王朝风雨飘摇，22岁的侯方域到南京应试，当时他的文名已经很盛，又是世家子弟，积极参加复社的活动，与陈贞慧等人被誉为“匡扶天下正义”的四公子，年纪轻轻，便名满天下。更是与秦淮八艳之一的李香君有段缠绵悱恻的爱情故事。而位于古城内壮悔堂就是侯方域的故居。

好了，商丘古城的讲解到此结束了，接下来的时间大家自由活动，12点我们在景区停车场集合，请大家一定要记住我的手机号和我们的车牌号码豫A12345，拿好随身物品，注意安全，谢谢大家。

徽州古城景区是中国历史文化名城歙县的核心，是徽州府治所在地，古城五峰拱秀，六水迴澜，山光水色，楚楚动人。景区内古民居群布局典雅，古桥、古塔、古街、古巷、古坝、古牌坊交织着古朴的风采，犹如一座气势恢宏的历史博物馆。徽州古城景区辖六个景点：东方凯旋门——许国石坊，徽商花园——新安碑园·太白楼，江南第一街——斗山街，徽商之源—渔梁古埠，徽州大观园——徽园，全国爱国主义教育基地——陶行知纪念馆。

太白楼位于太平古桥西侧，为黄山至千岛湖途中必经之地。该楼为双层楼阁，挑梁飞檐，为典型徽派建筑，楼内陈列有历代碑刻，古墨迹拓片，古今名人楹联佳名。相传，唐天宝年间，诗人李白寻访歙县隐士许宣平，结果在练江之畔失之交臂，后人为纪念此事，便在李白饮酒的地方建起了这座太白楼。游客登楼可以饱览城西山光水色、古桥塔影。

新安碑园紧邻太白楼，此景区将碑园与园林溶为一体，整个建筑依山就势，多式花墙、漏窗、洞门相互通透，碑廊曲折起伏蜿蜒二百多米。高处立亭，洼处蓄池，竹影婆娑，为徽州私家花园的风格，其园筑于披云峰上，有峰有楼有水，虽然咫尺之地，却是博大胸怀，饶有山野情趣。

各位游客，我们现在就来到了夫子庙。“六朝金粉地，十里秦淮河”，指的就是南京城南夫子庙地区的秦淮河风光带，自六朝起，这里就是居民商业集中地，为古都繁华地带。

我们现在站的地方是文德桥，这里有著名奇观“文德半月”，秦淮河水从我们脚下缓缓渡过，“十里秦淮”就是指东水关至西水关的水道。

夫子庙又称孔庙、文庙。它是祭祀我国古代著名的思想家、教育家孔子的地方。因为孔子在古代被人尊称为孔夫子，所以孔庙被称为“夫子庙”。它集旅游、休闲、文化、商业为一体，展现了六朝古都的风貌。

整个夫子庙建筑以大成殿为中心，从照壁至卫山，都是在一条南北中枢线上成方位对称的格局，具有典型的中国传统建筑风格。

文德桥之所以有半边月的奇景，是因为它与子午线的方向是一致的。大家向东看，有一堵红墙，经建于明代万历年间，是全国最大的照壁，长110米，照壁起着遮蔽和装饰作用。

这是盼池，当时文人洗墨之处，也是失火取水之处。

池的东边是魁星阁，魁在古代是保佑文人高中的星宿，有“魁星点斗，独占鳌头”之说。池的西边是聚星亭，是天下群星聚集的地方，盼池的北边是一个牌坊，这就是“天下文枢”坊，四个字意指天下文化聚集的中心。

游客们，我们穿过六柱三门的棂星门，就来到了大成门，在左右各有两块石碑，这就是“孔子问礼图碑”，上面刻有孔子从山东到南京向老子虚心请教的情景，蹬上露台，我们可以看到一尊孔子青铜雕像，高4.18米，这是我国最高的孔子铜像。在铜像之后就是孔庙的主体建筑大成殿，现在我们就到殿内看一看。

首先，我们看到的是一幅孔子巨幅画像，它高6.5米，宽3.15米，是我国最大的孔子画像，画像前是孔子四位门生的汉白玉雕像。

殿内有38幅由翡翠、玛瑙、黄金、鸡血石为材料制作的“孔子圣迹图”，它描述了孔子一生的生平事迹。

穿过大成殿来到学宫，这里是当年秀才学习的地方，学宫的主体建筑是“明德堂”是南宋民族英雄文天袢所题，德指“忠信，忠于国家，取信于民”。

明德堂前有一钟亭，内有礼运钟，还有一鼓亭，内有圣音鼓，是为纪念孔子2550周年所建，在明德堂后面还有尊经阁、崇圣祠、青云楼等。

大成殿外东西两侧是东西市，是当时进行商品买卖的地方，它充分展现了明末清初街市风貌，所以夫子庙特色还在于庙市合一。

The jiuhua mountain in the territory of the county in the south of anhui,is one of the four famous buddhist mountains in China. Astronomers liu yuxi intang dynasty, after the jiuhua mountain, the admiration, think long and famousall cant contend with the jiuhua mountain. Li Baiceng jiuhua mountain on three.The characteristics of the jiuhua mountain is the mountain show, the buddhisttemple many.

In the early years of the eastern (401), has built the temple hill, thenbuild, expansion, the formation of "three mile a small temple, the five to atemple," temple throughout the whole, is said to be thriving period up to morethan 300, one thousand monks four or five. Now intact 五六十座 are temples.

Jiuhua, first of all to jiu hua street, here more than 600 meters above sealevel, is the center of jiuhua mountain, temples are mainly concentrated inhere, therefore is called "lotus buddhist". Here is actually a mountain villagesand towns, in addition to the temple, there are shops, schools, hotels,farmhouse, visitors can stay here, and as a starting point, to visit the sightsof the mountain. Jiu hua in the street of the city temple, ancient temples,jiuhua mountain is the oldest of jin dynasty is Lord also of the jiuhua mountaintemple, the temple of the building layout according to the mountain, reflect thesuperb architectural art. Temple has a higher consisting, weighing about 20__pounds of clocks, casting, loud noise, use the hammer impact, dignifiedrealisation of the bell, echoed in the valley, often make the person has thefeeling of extraordinary to take off the vulgar. "The city production" becameone of the ten views "of" nine China.

From jiu hua street walk far east, there is a palace built on the cliff, isthe famous "hundreds of years old palace". Saying is its plaques "qincentenarians palace, participated in ten thousand the temple" ten gold. It issaid that in the Ming wanli years, monk, too, was a 26-year-old arrived injiuhua mountain, in a solitary penance for 100 years in the cave. Three yearsafter the death, people found his body in the cave. The mountain monk thinks heis the living Buddha reincarnation, hence the body with gold. After the Mingemperor chongzhen know seal him as "bodhisattva" should be. So consecrate hissmall temple incense, temple extension, become one of the four big jungle jiuhuamountain. Visitors can see it in the flesh temple temple wearing mitral, wearinghis red robes, seated on a lotus of the monks gold body.

Jiu hua scene in tiantai. Tiantai peak is the jiuhua mountain, 1300 metersabove sea level. "Tiantai, the not equal to didnt come". From the rooftop injiu hua street, about 15 li mountain, after a lot of scenic spots along the way.When you are panting, reached the tiantai is top, the view, will give you abroad-minded, fatigue elimination. To look around the mountains prostrate, jiuhua street, is the size of a slap. Atop the, heaven and earth one integratedmass, the Yangtze river such as faintly visible. Cool wind sent the pines,bamboo is raging, intoxicating. The surrounding rock, strange, takes the tans.There is a "the human" three characters carved on stone. At this moment, reallymake the person were in penglai fairyland feeling. See the sunrise on the roof,it is said that the magnificent scenery as RiGuanFeng on mount tai see thesunrise. So "tiantai xiao day" is listed as one of the ten views "9".

你们看!徽州府府堂的右方矗立着一座谯楼，叫阳和门，红石城墙，古朴典雅。走过阳和门，矗立在大家面前的就是气势磅礴的许国石坊，许国石坊建于明朝，南北长11.54米，东西宽6.77米，高11.4米。如此规模宏大、呈八脚结构的牌坊举世无双。

坊主许国是三朝重臣。因平定云南边境叛乱有功，受到了“加恩眷酬”，回到老家歙县，建造了这座千古留名的大石坊。据说一般臣民只能建四脚牌楼，否则就是犯上。当时徽州四脚牌楼林立，许国如果只是造一座四脚牌坊，无法体现他的官

重威显。怎样才能与众不同呢?许国想了个“先斩后奏”的点子，许国建这座牌坊前后共拖了七、八个月才回朝复命。由于超假，许国久默无声，皇上迷惑，责备说：“建坊这么久，不要说是四脚，就是八脚也早就造好了”。许国听了，顿时口呼万岁，奏称“谢皇上恩准，臣建的正是八脚牌楼。”皇帝听了哭笑不得。

许国石坊左边是徽园，素有“徽州文化大观园”之称，是在歙县新建的仿古旅游城。再现了徽州明清时期的风貌，气势宏大，鳞次错落，脉传徽州文化之神韵，新创徽派建筑之精华。走进徽园，就如走进了婉约的江南，走进了古朴典雅的徽州古城。

假如说在卓文君当垆卖酒的时候，司马相如仍能善有始终，这段佳话当会完美无瑕。只是，情何以堪，才子多是风流，美丽如卓文君也未能幸免。“饱暖思欲，饥寒起盗心。”司马相如虽才华出众，也未能免俗。司马相如衣食丰足之后，不但不知珍摄，反而吃着碗里，望着锅里。时常周旋在脂粉堆里，如今已经年逾知命之年，卓文君睁一只眼、闭一只眼，也懒得与他计较。直到司马相如意欲纳茂陵女子为妾，在司马相如的心游移在别的女子身上的时候，她只是用一首《白头吟》来表达了自己对爱情的向往和执着：。

“皑如天上雪，皎若云间月。闻君有两意，故来相决绝。今日斗酒会，明日沟头水。躞蝶御沟上，河水东西流。凄凄复凄凄，嫁聚不须啼。愿得一人心，终老不相负……”。

好一个“愿得一人心，终老不相负”!一个女子的坚定和坚韧尽在其中，也为他们的故事凭添了几分美丽的忧伤。故事到这本应_结束的，只是，情何以堪，男儿多是薄幸，智慧如司马相如也未能逃脱。在被武帝召去五年之后，在两地分居五年之后，司马相如的爱再次迷离，他写了封十三字家书托与文君：。

“一，二，三，四，五，六，七，八，九，十，百，千，万”。

文君之悲，无以言表。因为她知道，数字中没有“亿”，表明丈夫已对她无意，只是不好言明。如果换作现在，女孩子多半会“一哭二闹三上吊”!要不就是找妇联、起诉离婚。但是，聪明的文君并没有这样做。她给司马相如写了一封信，托来人带回，信曰：。

“一别之后，两地相思，说的是三四月，谁知是五六年，七弦琴无心弹，八行书无可传，九连环从中折断，十里长亭望眼欲穿，千般念，万般无奈把郎怨。

徽州，简称“徽”，古称歙州，又名新安，为浙江省最早雏形之一浙江西道的组成部分，也是江南省拆分后安徽之“徽”的命名来源。

徽州地处黄山与天目山脉间，东临吴越故都杭州，与浙西的金衢严三州唇齿相依，风光秀美，山水人文系之，粉墙黛瓦的江南徽派建筑与之相得益彰，素有“一生痴绝处，无梦到徽州”之美称。

徽州向号“八分半山一分水，半分农田和庄园”。境内群峰参天，山丘屏列，岭谷交错，有深山、山谷，也有盆地、平原，波流清沏，溪水回环，到处清荣峻茂，水秀山灵，犹如一幅风景优美的画图。

徽州古城坐落于国家历史文化名城歙县县城徽城镇中心，千年徽州府治所在地，是国家5A级景区古徽州文化旅游区的组成部分。内有许国石坊、许国相府、南谯楼、阳和门、徽州府衙、徽园以及斗山街等府城街巷，还有江南都江堰渔梁古坝，中国历史文化名街渔梁街等，是展示和体现徽州文化的重要实物建筑，集中体现了明清时期的汉族文化特色。歙县徽州古城与云南丽江、山西平遥、四川阆中并称为中国保存最完好的四大古城。

这里地理位置优越，交通便利。亚欧大陆桥----陇海铁路和中国最长的南北交通大动脉----京九铁路在此相交，北京至珠海的105国道与天水至连云港的310国道在此交汇，形成了双十字交通枢纽。这里地理、区位、交通优势在我国名列前茅，屈指可数。所以不难相信，商丘这个古老文明而今又披上新装的城市有巨大的发展潜力和美好的发展前景。

商丘历史悠久、文化灿烂，4000多年的文明史，为商丘留下了灿若繁星的历史人文景观：商丘古城保存完好，城内以“八卦”图形排列，堪称古代建筑艺术瑰宝。商丘是至圣先祖孔子的祖居地，文哲大师庄子的故里，古代巾帼英雄花木兰的故乡。这里有距今4000多年前的中国古代第一座天文台----阏伯台也称火神台;1996年被列为中国十大考古新发现之一的永城芒砀山汉墓群;有被世人誉为“敦煌前的敦煌”的汉墓画和堪称世界之最的石室墓;还有火祖纪念地----燧人氏陵;唐朝爱国将领张巡的殉难地----张巡祠;北宋时期全国四大书院之首的应天书院;桃花扇的主人公侯方域著书之所-----壮悔堂等等。共有国家级保护单位两处，省级文物保护单位22处，市县级文物保护单位200多处，现代革命胜迹20多处，馆藏文物1万多件。

当您在这里游览的时候，您不得不沉思，也不得不振奋，因为这里是“商”民族的发祥地，是中华民族的摇篮，这里深扎着中华民族的“根”。

大家好!欢迎你们来到中国历史文化名城——歙县。我是小导游郑晗，我会给大家带来旅途的快乐，让您无怨无悔!准备好了吗?请随我来吧!

欲识金银气，多从黄白游。

一生痴绝处，无梦到徽州。

歙县是古徽州的州治所在地，历史悠久，人文荟萃，物产丰富，在历史上有“东南邹鲁”的美誉，是我国著名的文化和艺术之乡。

现在，我们走在古城的西门，你们看到的是保存完整的瓮城。古城有内外城门

和护城墙，两旁原有徽式的小肆，现在我们还能看出它的古色古香。走完瓮城，出现在大家眼前的便是一座古樵楼，俗称二十四根柱。传说古时候，有位知府，为了镇制不吉利的山势，就在徽州府堂正前方建造了这幢皇式楼阁。为了区别于皇城城楼，特地少造了两根柱子，只竖立二十六根。谁知被人告状说是与皇帝分庭抗礼，结果以欺君之罪受酷刑而死。如今，这幢构造独特的古谯楼是歙县博物馆的馆址。

再往前走就是徽州府府堂，你们现在看到的也许是一些废墟。这是歙县为保护徽州文化生态而开发的一个重要工程，就是在原来府衙地址上进行修复，恢复徽州文化古貌。这里将会成为历史文化名城的又一个旅游亮点。

尊敬的各位来宾：欢迎大家来天台山天湖景区参观浏览，我是台州华顶旅行社的导游小许。天台山天湖风景区是一处聚山水;集人文为一体的国家4A级旅游区。距天台县城公3公里，地理位置得天独厚。

天湖景区具有四大特征。一是此山为天台山之龙脉，天台山山有八重，四面如一。唯独此山横卧盆地正中，其型如龙，故名龙山，为天台宗创始人智者大师入天台山隐修之地。山上峰峦叠翠，怪石耸峭，有“松隐林泉”`“熊猫戏龟”等景点。

二是水清湖碧，水为蛟龙藏身之处，自古就有“龙游曲涧”`蛟龙飞瀑”，景区由下天湖 中天湖 上天湖 串成的三叠湖 分别具有观赏 垂钓 休闲等功能。

三是佛教兴盛，“自古名山僧占多”，历史上天湖景区曾接纳了智者这样的一代宗师，如今尚有如来古洞，智者宴座 观音峰 济公岩等遗迹胜景。

四是名人荟萃，历代名人对天湖景区都情有独钟，词赋大家苏东坡 书法大家米芾 风流倜傥的唐伯虎清高宗弘历都曾游历此地，并留下了珍贵的墨宝。下面请大家随我进入景区尽情欣赏

各位来宾：天湖风景区是块风水宝地，前有绿水环绕，后有青山相靠。前面映入大家眼睑的这条溪流，叫做始丰溪，是天台人民的母亲河全场68公里，汇入灵江流入东海。天湖风景区所在的青山名叫龙山。说起龙山，有一个“九龙造天台”的古老传说。天台“山有八重，四面如一，顶对三辰，当牛女分野，上应台宿，故名天台”，台州天台山因而得名。这八重山象征着八条龙，我们身下的这座龙山们于盆地中心，与周围大山不相连，乃是九龙之首。

九华山古称陵阳山、九子山，因有九峰形似莲花，唐天宝年间(742∼756)改名九华山。为皖南斜列的三大山系(黄山、九华山、天目山)之一。位于安徽省池州市青阳县境内，西北隔长江与天柱山相望，东南越太平湖与黄山同辉，是安徽“两山一湖 ”(黄山、九华山、太平湖)黄金旅游区的北部主入口、主景区。方圆120 公里，总面积334平方公里，最高峰海拔1342米，中心位置九华街地理坐标为东经 117°，北纬30°。

九华山主体由燕山期花岗岩构成，以峰为主，盆地峡谷，溪涧流泉交织其中。山势嶙峋嵯峨，共有99峰，其中以天台、天柱、十王、莲花、罗汉、独秀、芙蓉等九峰最为雄伟。十王峰最高，海拔1342米。主要风景集中在100平方公里的范围内，有九子泉声、五溪山色、莲峰云海、平冈积雪、天台晓日、舒潭印月、闵园竹海、凤凰古松等。山间古刹林立，香烟缭绕，古木参天，灵秀幽静，素有「莲花佛国」之称。现存寺庙78座，佛像6000余尊。著名的寺庙有甘露寺、化城寺、祇园寺、旃檀林、百岁宫、上禅堂、慧居寺等，收藏文物达千余件。山中还有金钱树、叮当鸟、娃娃鱼等珍稀动植物。

南朝时，以此山奇秀，高出云表，峰峦异状，其数有九，故号九子山。唐天宝年间诗圣李白曾数游九华山，睹此山秀异，九峰如莲花，触景生情，在与友人唱和的《改九子山为九华山联句并序》中曰：“妙有分二气，灵山开九华”，因此“九子山”改为“九华山”。李白吟九华山诗云：“昔在九江(长江)上，遥望九华峰，天河挂绿水，秀出九芙蓉。我欲一挥手，谁人可相从?君为东道主，于此卧云松。”其中“天河挂绿水，秀出九芙蓉”诗句成为描绘九华山秀美景色的千古绝唱。

唐代刘禹锡观山时赞叹：“奇峰一见惊魂魄”，“自是造化一尤物”。“江边一幅王维画，石上千年李白诗”。九华山间，遍布深沟峡谷，垂涧渊潭，流泉飞瀑，气象万千，宛如一幅清新自然的山水画卷。它处处有景，人移景换，清代时概括有“九华十景”。对外开放后，新辟八大景区，百余处新景点。新老景点交相辉映，自然秀色与人文景观相互融合，加之四季分明，时景、日出、晚霞、云海、雾凇、雪霰，佛光等天象奇观，美不胜收，令人赞叹不已，流连忘返。素有“东南第一山”、“江南第一山”之誉。

今天，我将带大家到秦淮河、夫子庙去游览。秦淮河旅游区，位于南京老城区城南，从市区出发，坐汽车约需20分钟才能到达。它是一个以夫子庙为中心，集游览、购物、品尝风味于一体，展示古城风貌和民族风情的旅游地。

秦淮河的由来和历史变迁

秦淮河，是一条曾对古城南京的政治、经济、文化发展起过重要作用的河流。相传秦淮河是秦始皇下令开凿的一条人工运河。秦始皇东巡会稽，经过南京时，为方便船只行驶，曾下令开凿方山，使淮水与长江沟通，因而这段河道得名"秦淮河"。但据地质考察证明，秦淮河是一条历史悠久的天然河流，当时这条古老的河流确是曾从方山经过，但由于地理变迁，河流改道，逐渐形成了现在的河道。历史上的秦淮河，河道宽绰。自五代吴王杨行密在长干桥一带筑石头城以后，河道开始变窄，并被分隔成内、外"秦淮"。内秦淮河由东水关人城，经夫子庙，再由水西门南的西水关出城与外秦淮河汇合。河流全长10公里，这就是古往今来令无数文人墨客为之赞美倾倒、寻迹访踪的"十里秦淮"了。唐朝大诗人李白、刘禹锡、杜牧等都曾为她写下诗篇，孔尚任的《桃花扇》和吴敬样的《儒林外史》中，也都对"十里秦淮"有过生动的描写。古老的秦淮河与流经南京城北的长江相比，显得十分渺小，但是它与南京城的诞生、发展，以及南京地区的政治、经济、文化发展有着极其密切的关系。早在五六千年前的新石器时代，这里已有人类繁衍生息。迄今为止，沿河两岸发现的原始村落遗迹多达五六十处。六朝和明初封建朝廷一直把它作为都城的一道天然屏障和皇宫所需的天然通道。东吴孙权定都建业(南京)后，曾在秦淮河两岸作"栅塘"，既可御敌，又可防洪。从六朝时起，夫子庙一带的秦淮河两岸已是居民密集、市井相连的繁华之地，秦淮河充当了南京地区对外贸易的主要航道，河中舟船穿梭，一派繁荣。据说，旧时的秦淮河两岸歌楼酒肆林立，河房水阁争奇斗艳，游艇画防灯火通明，富豪贵族在这里过着寻欢作乐、纸醉金迷的生活，清代戏剧家孔尚任在《桃花扇》中描写的不畏权贵的名妓李香君，她就居住在秦淮河南岸的文德桥畔。美丽的秦淮河曾流淌过蛮荒时代的寂寞，六朝以来的繁华和奢靡，旧社会的污垢和劳动人民的血泪，然而，今天的秦淮河，经过了历史的沉淀和人民的改造，已散发着健康文明的馨香，展现了清澈动人的风姿。它是南京历史的见证，难怪人们惯于把"秦淮"当作南京的代名词。

秦淮画舫-伴池-夫子庙照壁-庙前广场-棂星门

各位游客：

现在我们来到了秦淮河畔，河中的画防都是仿照明代建筑风格制造的，船头挂有大红彩球和红灯笼。每当元宵节南京人习惯来这里游玩赏灯。这种风气在明代就已盛行，据说明朝建都后，朱元津微服巡察京城。当他来到秦淮河畔，看到两岸绿树成荫，河水清澈，亭台楼阁，风景宜人，随口说了句："惜河中缺游船。"皇帝开了金口，左右就连夜差人赶造画舫，以博取皇帝欢心。从此，秦淮画访成了这里的一大特色。尤其到了中秋佳节时分，更是河上水灯万盏齐放，两岸龙灯飞舞，歌声、鼓声、欢声、笑声，连绵不绝，通宵达旦，真可谓"秦淮灯火甲天下"。难怪南京有"家家走桥，人人看灯"的民谚。我们眼前的这段秦淮河，自宋以后就成了夫子庙(孔庙)成泮池，又称月牙他。古时候皇帝讲学的学宫叫辟雍，诸侯讲学成学宫叫泮宫，夫子庙的学宫相当于诸侯讲学的地方，所以这池称"泮池"。泮池上一般建有三座石桥，按等级而论，县官、学官走中间一座，秀才走两边的桥。相传古时候有位秀才误上中桥，有犯上作乱之罪，进退两难，只好自己跳进了泮池。再请各位看河对岸的一段朱红色石砖墙，这就是夫子庙的照壁。照壁建于明万历三年(历泽年)，长达110米，为全们照壁之冠。各位游客：这座夫子庙始建于东晋成帝咸康三年(337年)，当时成帝采纳了王导的建议："治国以培育人才为重"，决定立大学于秦淮河畔。原来只建有学宫，孔庙是宋仁宗景拍元年(1034年)在学富基础上扩建而成的。所以夫子庙是一个由文教中心演变而成的繁华闹市，它包括夫子庙、学宫和贡院三大主要建筑群，其范围南临秦淮河北岸，北抵建康路东端，东起姚家巷，西止四福巷，规模庞大。夫子庙虽屡遭破坏，但各代都加以兴修扩建，到清末民初，其楼阁、殿宇的结构和布局堪称东南之冠。现在的夫子庙建筑，～部分是清代末年重建的，一部分是近几年重建的。请大家回头看，这座楼阁式建筑，叫做奎星阁，它初建于清乾隆年间。这座临街傍水的建筑曾两次被毁，1985年重建。现在我们来到了清代开辟的庙前广场，广场东西两端竖有两块碑，高有一丈许，上面刻有满汉两种文字"文武大臣至此下马"，表示对圣人孔子的崇敬。左侧的这座六角重檐亭子叫"聚星亭"，"聚星"取群星集中，人才荟萃之意。建于明万历十四年(1586年)，也曾几经兴废，到清同治八年(1869年)才由江宁乡贤朱芙峰等人筹资重建。这是一座在日军炮火中惟一幸存的清代建筑，可惜在1968年被当作"四旧"拆除，1983年又得以重建，恢复了原来的风貌。广场正中的这座牌坊，叫"天下文枢坊"。请大家继续随我往前走。这座门叫棂星门，这是孔庙的庙门。据传榻星是天上主管教化的星宿，他得人方便高兴。门是石结构的，六柱三门，建于明成化十六年(1480年)，后来被毁，又于清同治九年(1870年)重建。不过，现在所见到的极星门是1983年再次重建的。极星门东西两侧便是东市、西市。

大成门-大成殿-学宫

各位游客：

走过棂星门，便是孔庙的正门，叫大成门，也叫戟门。门内侧有石碑四块。第一块是《孔子问礼图碑》，刻于南朝齐永明二年(484年)。记载了春秋末年奴隶制衰亡之际，孔子出于对周王朝礼乐制度的崇拜，抱着兴国安邦、济世访贤的愿望，于鲁昭公二十四年(公元前520xx年)，从家乡曲阜去周王城洛阳考察典章制度，寻求巩固鲁国奴隶主政权办法的经历。碑的上半部有"孔子问礼图，吴敬恒题"的题字。图中是二人驾车，一组身穿古装人物在城门前欢迎的场面，还有"永明二年，孔子在鲁人周门礼周流"的字样。这块碑已有1500多年的历史了，图文仍清晰可辨，是难得的珍贵文物。第二块碑是《集庆孔庙碑》，碑文是元朝至大二年(1320xx年)重建孔庙时由卢挚撰写的，到元至顺元年(1330年)，由纯斋王公书写刻石。第三块碑是《封四氏碑》，讲的是元至顺二年，文宗皇帝诏示：加封颜回、曾参(孔子的两个弟子)、孔极(孔子的孙子)、孟轲(孔子的再传弟子)为四亚圣之事。第四块碑是《封至圣夫人碑》，讲的是元至顺二年(1331年)，文宗皇帝颁旨加封孔子之妻为至圣夫人之事。庙院两侧是碑廊(原来是供奉孔门七十二贤人牌位的地方)，廊内陈列了当代书法名家的碑刻30块。现在，请大家随我从中间的石雨道走。在进大成殿前，我先给大家介绍一下殿前的这个露天台子，这是祭祀和歌舞的地方。古时每年二月、八月的第一个丁日和孔子诞辰这一天(农历八月二十七日)，地方官吏都要在孔庙举行盛大的祭扫活动。祭祀采用的是酉周奴隶主祭天地鬼神的礼仪，在大成殿前摆上仿青铜器做的祭器，上供牛2头、猪16头、羊16头，以及大量布帛菽粟、干鲜果品、香纸蜡烛等。主祭人要穿特制的古装祭服，宣读祭文，向孔子及"四配"(孔子高徒)、"十二哲"(孔家子弟)牌位行三拜九叩礼，还配有乐队和舞队表演，以歌颂孔子，所以大成殿前要设舞台。现在请各位游客随我进人孔庙主殿--大成殿。这是一座气势巍峨，重檐庑殿顶，屋脊中央有双龙戏珠立雕的建筑。这种规格的建筑在全国也是屈指可数的。"大成"意思是孔子集古圣先贤思想之大成。大成殿内原先正中供奉的是孔子和他的四位高徒，两旁是孔家子弟塑像十二尊。现在的大成殿已被辟为"南京乡土文化博物馆"。请大家再往前走，这里便是夫子庙的学宫。门楣上方原来有"学宫"匾额，门外柏木牌坊，牌坊上题有"东南第一学"。牌坊的北面是四周围有木栏的花圃，左右有四书斋，是学子自修读书的地方。这四斋名称分别是"志道"、"据德"、"依仁"、"游艺"。后面是明德堂，这座建筑建于南宋绍兴九年(1139年)，堂名为文天祥所书。明德堂是学子集会的地方，每月朔望(农历初一和十五)朝圣后，学子在此集会，训导师宣讲圣教和上谕。东墙有"卧碑"，就是训教的法规。左右横梁上悬挂着江宁府所属六县举贡员生题额。我们眼前的这座建筑是梨香阁，原来是祭祀孔子父母的崇圣祠，现改为游乐场了。东面那座建筑是青云楼，它建于明万历十四年(1586年)，是供把历代督学使的祠堂，初建时为三层楼，因为临近贡院，为防止有人从楼上偷看贡院，清代时改建成二层楼，上层用作藏书，下层是阅览室。清末废除科举后，改为小学，民国初年改为江宁县教育会，抗战时被用作开茶馆、歌场，战后曾先后作为民众教育馆和南京市通志馆。这也是旧学宫保留下来的为数不多的建筑之一。各位游客：参观完学宫建筑后，我们再去参观一下夫子庙的另一座古建筑群--贡院。

大家好!一路辛苦了!首先，我代表旅行社欢迎各位来到福建省会―――福州市旅游观光。我是中旅的导游。我姓×，大家叫我小×或×导都行。我旁边这位是我们的司机陈师傅，这两天都由我和陈师傅为你们服务，我们会尽最大的努力。希望我的工作能得到各位的大力支持，希望我们的服务，能使您的福州之行留下美好的回忆。

福州是一座拥有2200多年历史的名城。唐开元十三年设福州都督府始称福州。五代梁开平二年闽王王审知扩建城池，将风景秀丽的乌山、于山、屏山圈入城内，从此福州成为“山在城中，城在山中”的独特城市。“三山”成了福州的别名。

福州位于福建省东部闽江下游，是全省政治、经济、文化中心。全市总面积11.968平方公里，其中市区总面积1043平方公里;总人口480多万，其中城区人口116万。“因州北有福山”，故名福州，又因九百多年前就遍植榕树，“绿荫满城，暑不张盖”，故又有“榕城”的美称。现辖鼓楼、台江、仓山、马尾、晋安五个区和福清、闽侯、罗源、连江、长乐、平潭、闽清、永泰等二市六县。居民以汉族为主，还有畲、满、苗、回等二十多个少数民族。福州依山傍海，气候宜人，绿树长青，属暖湿的亚热带季风气候。年平均气温为19.6℃，最冷一月平均气温为10.5℃，最热七月平均气温28.6℃，年均降水量1342.5毫米。最佳旅游季节为每年4―11月。市区内有闻名全国的温泉。

各位团友，今天我讲解的内容是福州明清时期古建筑瑰宝――――三坊七巷。

大家好，我是大家的导游，小顾，首先，小顾代表福州人民欢迎大家的到来。今天，小顾将要带大家游览福州明清时期古建筑瑰宝----三坊七巷。

三坊七巷地处市中心，东临八一七北路，西靠通湖路，北接杨桥路，南达吉庇巷、光禄坊，占地约40公顷，现居民3678户，人口14000余人。三坊七巷是南后街两旁从北到南依次排列的十条坊巷的简称。三坊是：衣锦坊、文儒坊、光禄坊;七巷是杨桥巷、郎官巷、塔巷、黄巷、安民巷、宫巷、吉庇巷。由于吉庇巷、杨桥巷和光禄坊改建为马路，现在保存的实际只有二坊五巷。即使如此，在这个历史悠久的居民区内，仍然保留着丰富的文物古迹，保存一批名人故居和明清时代的建筑。在这居民区内，坊巷纵横，石板铺地;白墙青瓦，结构严谨;房屋精致，匠艺奇巧，集中体现了闽越古城的民居特色，是闽江文化的荟萃之所，被建筑界喻为一座规模庞大的明清古建筑博物馆。

“三坊七巷”是国家历史文化名城----福州的主要标志，被誉为明清古建筑博物馆。近代诗人陈衍诗云：“谁知五柳孤松客，却住三坊七巷间。”这大约就是“三坊七巷”的由来。

三坊七巷的民风民俗也是福州民风民俗的代表，许多节俗活动中心常集中在三坊七巷，它包括民间信仰、岁时节庆活动、建筑物中的民俗等。

“月光光，照池塘;骑竹马，过洪塘;洪塘水深难得渡，等妹撑船来接郎。问郎长，问郎短，问郎几时返?”这是唐朝观察使常衮作的一首民谣。它曾给居住在三坊七巷的几代百姓带来多少童年的回忆。直到现在，特别是老一辈人听到这首琅琅上口的民谣仍激动不已。

好了，我们的三坊七巷之旅就要结束了，接下来大家可以自由活动一个小时，大家可以走走看看，有什么问题也欢迎大家过来问我，小顾一定知无不言!