英语导游介绍景点的导游词【推荐20篇】

东郊椰林位于文昌市东郊镇海滨，这里椰树成片，椰姿百态，文昌别称“椰乡”，椰子种植面积和产量占全省50%以上，东郊镇又占全市椰子种植面积和产量50%以上，椰的的品种有红椰、青椰、良种矮椰、高椰、水椰等品种，共50多万株。

东郊人说，文昌椰子半海南，东郊椰林最风光，风景区环境优美，海水清澈，是天然海水浴场，可开展各种沙滩运动和水上活动。区内已建成有旅游码头、海滨度假村、海鲜坊多处。浅海盛产龙虾、对虾、石斑鱼、鲍鱼等名贵海鲜。

该景区以典型的椰风海韵，椰香特色饮食和多种海鲜吸引众多游客。步入林区，只见大小、高矮、直弯、斜曲的各态椰树参差错落，土生土长、朴然成林。林下路随树转，曲折盘旋。信步于弯曲的椰林小道，能觉凉风习习，林涛沙沙，处处阴凉舒适。

椰林下，风情小木屋错落于椰树间，座座背林朝海，屋里陈设古色古香，朴素而自然，具有套房的设施功能。悠悠然自得坐于屋檐下品茗赏海，椰林的海滩也是个拍摄日落的好地方。

信步于弯曲的椰林小道，只觉凉风习习，林涛沙沙，处处阴凉舒适。椰林下，风情小木屋东郊椰林——景点错落于椰树间，座座背林朝海，屋里陈设古色古香，朴素而自然，具有套房的设施功能。

悠然自得坐于屋檐下品茗赏海，朝见蓝洋托霞，雾消峙现，鸥群南翔，渔舟出洋;夕观碧波耀金，彩云缀空，归鸥双飞，归渔划浪;夜赏巨壁铺银，渔火聚散，星缀蓝空，北斗蠕行;雨时则见万顷迷膨，水平浪静，雨打椰叶，碎五落盘……

东郊椰林，让你真正享受到椰乡大自然的温馨和甜蜜。

各位旅客朋友大家好，欢迎大家来到泉城济南观光游览，我是大家的导游刘x，您在停留其间将由我来做为您的陪同，希望您能喜欢我的讲解，我将尽我所能回答您提出的问题。今天我们要去的地方就是济南三大名胜之一的大明湖。大明湖作为一处风景名胜，之所以盛名远播、历久弥新，自有其与众不同之处，就是它自然风景和人文内涵兼而有之，不仅风光秀丽，更有深厚悠久的文化积淀。因为自古以来济南就是齐鲁文体交汇之地，所以人文荟萃，文教昌盛，又因大明湖风物绝佳，更受到四方文士名流的钟爱，吟诗作赋，在这里留有大量的遗迹，历代文人也都有诗文留在大明湖。古代的时候大明湖比现在大几十倍，它的名字也几经变更，宋朝时称湖，北魏和唐朝时因这湖里盛产莲子而得名莲子湖。“大明湖”的称谓最早是在金代诗人元好问的《济南行记》中。

好了，前方这座古朴端庄的仿古建筑就是大明湖的东门了，大明湖公园于1958年正式建成，一共有三个门，东门于1985年9月落成，门上的题字是当代书法家会同题写的，让我们一起进去吧。大家一定看到了，迎门的就是环列的假山，这在中国园林艺术中有个名字叫“开门见山”，与这个成语的意思恰恰相反，中国园林讲究迂回曲折，借助花木山石的掩映，增强园林的层次感和储蓄美，陆游名句“山重水复疑无路，柳暗花明又一村”就是这种意境的生动写照。古人说“曲径通幽”，我们顺着这条小路往前走，就会看到风光旖旎的大明湖象一幅巨大的画卷一样徐徐展现在我们的面前。

大明湖公园面积约86公顷，其中湖面面积约为46公顷，它的水源是济南七十二名泉的泉水，水质清冽而且水量充足，固有“久旱不干”的特点。前方那座精巧别致，色彩明快的建筑是“汇波楼”，傍晚登临，霞光满天，映在湖面上别有情趣，这就是济南八景之一的“汇波晚照。”汇波楼始建于元代，下面的这座北水门原为旧城的城门，宋代时候建有泄洪排水的作用，大明湖多余的湖水就是从这里流入城外的小清河，最后汇入大海。因此大明湖“久雨不涨”的关键就在于此。那么，这座北水门又是谁兴建的呢?说起他来，那可是鼎鼎大名，唐宋八大家之一的曾巩。当时曾巩任齐州知州，爱民如子，颇有政绩，后人为纪念他就在这里修建了一座“南丰祠”，就是左边这一组院落。

大家看，大明湖的全景已尽收眼底了，我们站在北岸，向南可以望见南山苍翠，近观盈盈碧波。沿岸种植了八百余株垂柳，盛夏之时，柔枝点水，婀娜多姿，红莲白荷争奇斗艳，一红一绿相映成趣，可是大明湖中一大盛景，岂不知这碧柳红荷还真有一段婉约动人的“荷柳情缘”呢。传说在很久以前，湖畔有一对青年男女，两人痴心相受，幸福地生活在一起，真是天有不测风云，有一天，一个阔少年路过此地，见姑娘生得美貌，硬要抢了去做妾，姑娘万般无奈，跃入湖中，殉情而死，小伙子见状，也脱身为柳，根植在湖边，这湖里的粉荷绿柳就是他们的化身。他们隔湖相望，只能用轻风来互诉衷肠，但两个人永远永远也不会分离了。夏天走在湖边，轻风吹过时，我真的感到空气中弥漫着脉脉的温情。

如果说大明湖是姑娘的美目，那历下亭就是美目中的眸子了。前方小岛上的亭子就是大明湖的点睛之笔—历下亭。它年代久远，几经兴废，唐朝时，在现今五龙潭附近，清初移至湖中，唐天宝四年中，著名诗人杜甫，和当时任北海太守的大书法家李邕曾饮宴于此，杜甫即兴做诗一首《陪李北海宴历下亭》，历下亭就是由此而得名。诗中的名句“海右此亭古，济南名士多”就题在游廊的门上，为清代的木质结构建筑，门上的楹联“杨柳春风万方极乐，芙蕖秋月一片大明”就是郭沫若先生的传神之笔。

大明湖寄托了人们美好的愿望，因而也就流传了许多故事和传说。关于大明湖的由来就有这样一种说法。古时候，这一带有一个大明国寺，表面上香火鼎盛，庄严肃穆，可是寺里的和尚却不守规矩，与官府勾结欺压百姓，坑骗掳掠前来进香的良家妇女。这附近住着一位官人，他的妹妹虔心信佛，非常想亲自到大明国寺烧香还愿，官人怕她遭到不测不让她去，妹妹于是乘着官人不在家时来到了大明国寺。和尚们见她如花似玉，就将她霸占在寺内。官人回家一听，又惊又怒，骑上马提着大刀就追到了大明国寺，这时突然狂风大作，暴雨倾盆，闪电过后，天塌地陷，大明国寺从此就沉入地下，官人也救出了妹妹。再说那些恶僧遭了天遣，有的变成了蛤蟆，见到人们安居乐业，只能气得生气鼓肚，却叫不出声来了。

各位游客，大家好，我叫，大家叫我x导!在这里，我将为您们介绍我国古代文化的瑰宝，位于北京的故宫博物院。

紫禁城建筑原则是前朝后市，左祖右社。左祖右社就是故宫东南的太庙和西南的社稷坛。前朝就是故宫内上朝行礼的宫殿。以前神武门和景山之间曾经有市场，就是后市。

故宫内部宫殿又分为外朝、内廷，以乾清门广场为界，南边是外朝，举行大典的场所，以三大殿——太和、中和、保和为中心，东面文华殿、西面武英殿为两翼。武英殿清朝多尔衮曾经在此摄政，之后改为修书处，修出的书称为“殿本”。文华殿曾为太子居所，后来文渊阁成为藏书处。北边是内廷，中心是乾清宫、坤宁宫，为帝后寝宫，但清朝皇后不住坤宁宫，坤宁宫用于祭祀和皇帝举行大婚典礼的地方。乾清宫清朝雍正以后不再住人，而是接见大臣、举行内廷典礼、皇帝死后停灵所用。后三宫两边有东西六宫，是嫔妃的住所。乾清宫西面养心殿是雍正以后皇帝的居所，处理政事也在这里。

这是故宫比较靠中间的重要部分，此外还有西路慈宁宫、慈宁花园，太后住处，没有开放，我也不太清楚。外东路宁寿全宫，乾隆准备当太上皇时建的，但没有住过。

现在还有流传以前关于紫禁城建筑时的传说，。据说，当初刘伯温修建北京城皇宫的时候，皇上和他的儿子燕王打算把宫殿修盖得间量多点儿、大点儿，总觉得皇上住的地方应当特别华贵，不然就显不出天子的尊严。这天，皇上正要传旨宣刘伯温，就在这个节骨眼儿上，刘伯温来了。 刘伯温一见皇上就说：“启奏万岁，臣昨天夜里做了一个梦，梦见玉皇大帝把臣召到凌霄殿上对臣说：‘你朝皇帝要修盖皇宫，你告诉他!天宫宝殿是一千间，凡间宫殿万不可超过天宫。你还要告诉他，要请三十六金刚、七十二地煞去保护凡间皇城，才能够风调雨顺国泰民安，你要牢牢记住’。玉皇大帝说完这些话，就扑过来一阵白茫茫的香雾，一下就把臣吓醒啦!” 皇上听了觉着很怪，想了想，就下旨叫刘伯温去监造不到一千间，可还得跟天宫差不多间量的皇宫，并去请金刚、地煞来保护皇官。刘伯温领旨就办去了，这事儿一下子就在北京城传开了，老百姓都等着要看刘伯温怎样修盖皇宫，怎样去请三十六金刚、七十二地煞这些神仙来保护皇宫 过了些日子，刘伯温就把事儿全都办好了。皇上一看那宫殿盖得甭提有多华贵了，间量还真是不到一万间，再看宫院里金光闪闪，好像有神仙镇守。皇上愈看愈高兴，当时传旨，给刘怕温加封晋爵，还赏赐了很多珠宝。外邦听说刘伯温请了天神三十六金刚、七十二地煞保护皇城，也就不敢兴兵作乱了。 后来人们才知道，原来故宫里的宫殿是九百九十九间半;天神三十六金刚就是宫殿门口摆着的三十六口包金大缸;七十二地煞就是故宫里的七十二条地沟。

故宫里面的宏伟建筑代表了我国五千年文化的精髓。标志着我们祖国悠久的文化传统，显示着五百多年前匠师们在建筑上的卓越成就。

现在大家可以自由参观，但我要提醒大家一定要注意保持故宫环境。

颐和园英文导游词【最全】

颐和园，中国清朝时期皇家园林，前身为清漪园，坐落在北京西郊，距城区十五公里，占地约二百九十公顷，与圆明园毗邻。它是以昆明湖、万寿山为基址，以杭州西湖为蓝本，汲取江南园林的设计手法而建成的一座大型山水园林，也是保存最完整的一座皇家行宫御苑，被誉为“皇家园林博物馆”，也是国家重点旅游景点。下面是由小编为大家带来的关于颐和园英文导游词，希望能够帮到您！

颐和园英文导游词

the tour will take 4-6 hours. the route is as follows:

out side the east gate-side the east gate –in front of the hall of benevolence and longevity- in front of garden of virtuous harmony-in front of the grand theater building- a lakeside walk from the garden of virtuous harmony to the hall o jade ripples- in front of the o jade ripples- in front of the yiyunguan (chamber of mortal being)-hall of happiness and longevity- in front of the yaoyue (chamber of mortal beings)-hall of happiness and longevity-in front of the yaoyue(inviting the moon ) gate of the long corridor- strolling along the long corridor- visiting an exhibition of cultural relics- in front of the hall of dispelling clouds- inside the hall of dispelling clouds- atop the tower of buddhist incense- on a hilltop leading from the back door of the tower of buddhist incense- on a hilltop leading from the back door of the tower of buddhist incense- inside the garden of harmonious interest –outside the south gate to suzhou shopping street- atop the stone bridge inside the suzhou shopping street –on the road from the south gate of suzhou shopping street- on the road form the south gate of suzhou shopping street to the marble boat- in front of the ruins of the garden of complete spring –along the lakeside by the marble boat-boating on the kunming lake-leaving out through the east gate.

(out side the east gate)

ladies and gentlemen: welcome to the summer palace.(after the self-introduction of the guide -interpreter) i hope this will be an interesting and enjoyable day for you .

during our tour, you will be introduced to time honored historical and cultural traditions, as well as picturesque views and landscapes.

the construction of the summer palace first started in 1750. at that time, the qing dynasty was in its heyday and china was a powerful asian country with vast territories. the monarch in power then was emperor qianlong. with supreme power and large sums of money, he summoned skillful and ingenious artisans from all over the country to carry out this construction work in honor of his mother `s birthday. after 15 years and one seventh of the nation` s annual revenue spent, the garden of clear ripples was completed and served as a testimony to china` s scientific and technological achievements. in 1860, this vast royal garden was burnt down along with the yuanming yuan (garden of perfection and brightness) by angol-french allied forces. in 1888, empress dowager cixi reconstructed the garden on the same site and renamed it the garden of nurtured harmony (summer palace). characterized by its vast scope and rich cultural embodiments, the summer palace has become one of the most famous tourist sites in the world. this is the main entrance to the summer palace-the east gate on top of the eaves of the door there is a plaque bearing a chinese inscription which means garden of nurtured harmony” , whose calligrapher was emperor guangxu. the gate that you are now entering was used exclusively by the emperor, the empress and the queer mother. all others used the side doors.

(inside the east gate)

the summer palace can be divided into two parts: longevity hill and kunming lake .the whole garden covers an area of 290 hectares, of whih three- fourths consists of a lake and rivers .this imperial garden features 3,000 room-units and covers an expanse of 70,000 square meters with more than 100 picturesque spots of interest. the layout of the summer palace includes three groups of architectures: palaces where the emperor attended to state affairs, resting palaces of the emperor and empress, and sightseeing areas. entering the east gate we will come the the office quarters. entering the east gate we will come to the office quarters. the annex halls on both sides were used for officials on duty. this is the gate of benevolence and longevity. above the door there is a plaque bearing the same name in both chinese and manchurian characters. the gigantic rock in the foreground is known as taihu rock, or eroded limestone, quarried in jiangsu province and placed here to decorated the garden. on the marble terrace sits a bronze mythical beast, known as qilin or xuanni . it was said to the one of the nine sons of dragon king. a point of peculiar interest is that it has the head of a dragon, antlers of a deer, the tail of a lion and hooves of a ox, and is covered with a unique skin. it was considered an auspicious creature that brought peace and prosperity. this grand hall is the hall of benevolence and longevity. it was built in 1750 , and was known as the hall of industrious government. emperor qianlong ruled that the halls where monarchs attended to state affairs would be named after them . after the rebuilding of the summer palace, the hall was renamed, suggesting that benevolent rulers would enjoy long lives. the arrangement of the hall has been left untouched. in the middle of the hall stands a throne made of sandalwood and carved with beautiful designs. in the background there is a screen carved with nine frolicking dragons. on either side of the throne there are two big fans made of peacock feathers, two column-shaped incense burners, crane-shaped lanterns and an incense burner assuming the form of luduan, a mythological animal which was suppose to have the power to prevent fire. the small chambers on eight side were where the emperor qianlong and empress dowager cixi rested and met officials on formal occasions. on the verandah in the foreground of the hall there are bronze statues of dragon and phoenixes which served as incense burners on major occasions. they are hollow and smoke comes through holes on their backs. also on the veranda are tai ping (peace) bronze water vats made during the reign of emperor qianlong. as a precaution in case of fire, a fire was lit underneath the vats in the winter to keep the water in them from freezing.

(at the entrance of garden of virtuous harmony)

we are now visiting the garden of virtuous harmony, where emperor qianlong and empress dowager cixi were entertained with beijing opera performances. it mainly consists of the dressing house, the grand theater building and the hall of pleasure smiles. the grand theater building known as the cradle of beijing opera” was uniquely laid out and magnificently decorated. on september 10, 1984, the garden of virtuous harmony opened its doors to visitors. there are also 7 exhibition halls with articles of daily use on display here. the staff here put up court dresses of qing dynasty in order to give the visitor a more vivid impression.

(in front of the grand theater building)

this building is 21 meters in height and 17 meters in width and features three tiers of tilted eaves and stages. all of the stages are connected to a raise ,and a winch is installed at the top. a well and 5 ponds were sunk under the ground stage. there are trapdoors in the ceiling for fairies to descend, as well as on the floor for demons to surface. the underground passages also served as a means of improving resonance and making the performers` voices more audible .of the three main theater building of the qing dynasty, the grand theater building is the tallest and the largest. the other two are changyin (fluent voice ) pavilion in chengde, an imperial summer resort. the building played a major part in fostering the birth and development of beijing opera: since the completion of the grand theater building, many performances were held in it in honor of the empress dowager cixi.

(a lakeside walk from the garden of virtuous harmony to the hall of jade ripples)

we are now standing in the middle of a rockery behind the hall of benevolent and longevity. it appears that there` s nothing special ahead. however, after we clear the rockery, we will reach kunming lake. this is a application of a specific style of chinese gardening. not far away in the lake there is a islet. it is filled with peach and weeping willow trees and serves as a ideal place to appreciate the scenery. the pavilion on the islet is called zhichun (understanding spring) pavilion and is chardcterized by four- edged, multiple eaved roofs.

(in front of the hall of jade ripples)

this group of special and quiet courtyard dwelling is the hall of jade ripples. it was first used by emperor qianlong to attend to state affairs. it was also where emperor guangxu of the late qing dynasty was kept under house arrest. this hall is a hallmark of the reform movement of 1898, emperor guanxu was empress dowager cixi` s nephew. after emperor tongzhi died, empress dowager cixi made her nephew, who was at that time four years old a successor in order to continue her wielding of power behind the scenes. when emperor guanxu was 19 years old ,empress dowager cixi relinquished power to him but continued to exert considerable influence. in 1898, the reform movement took place with the aim of sustaining the corn principles of the qing dynasty while reforming outdated laws. the movement lasted for 103 days until it was suppressed by empress dowager cixi. the emperor` s six earnest reformists were beheaded and emperor guangxu was placed under house arrest which lasted for 10 years .all the back doors were sealed and a brick was was put up behind the wooden partition on each side of the two annexes of the courtyard. emperor guangxu was closely watched by eunuchs. the wall remains intact for tourists to see.. dynasty while reforming outdated laws. the movement lasted for 103 days until it was suppressed by empress dowager cixi. the emperor` s six earnest reformists were beheaded and emperor guangxu was placed under house arrest which lasted for 10 years .all the back doors were sealed and a brick was was put up behind the wooden partition on each side of the two annexes of the courtyard. emperor guangxu was closely watched by eunuchs. the wall remains intact for tourists to see. (in front of yiyunguan (chamber of mortal beings) this was where empress and empress dowager of china` s feudal system. however, emperor guanxu was not the last emperor of the qing dynasty. the last in the line was emperor puyi, who ascended the throne in 1908 at the age of three, too young to be married . in 1912, he was forced to abdicate. during the short reign of emperor puyi. empress longyu handled state affairs on his behalf in the name of empress dowager. in 1911, a revolution led by dr. sun yat-sun succeeded, and the year after, empress longyu announced the abdication of the last emperor of china.

(in the hall of happiness and longevity)

the aged empress dowager cixi was so fond of the summer palace that she decided to live here from april through october of every year. this group of buildings served as her residence. this group of courtyard dwellings consists of a forecourt and a backyard with annex courts on each side .the whole compound was basically made of wood, which is ideal for ventilation and lighting . with its quiet and tasteful layout, the hall of happiness and longevity made life very easy and convenient. no wonder one of empress dowager cixi` s pleasure boat. on the pier there is a tall lantern post. flanking the staircase leading to the main entrance of the hall, there are bronze cranes, deer and vases, symbolizing universal peace. the interior layout is the same as the imperial court, with throne, a large table and incense burners placed in the middle. at mealtime, eunuchs-in –waiting would make a gigantic table out of this table and empress dowager cixi would dine on 128 courses. because of this more than 1,800 tales of silver would be spent each month on meals. on the east side of the living room is the cloak room. the bedroom in on its west. in front of the yaoyue (inviting the moon ) gate of the long corridor the famed long corridor is ahead. facing kunming lake and in the foreground of longevity hill, the long corridor stretches from yaoyue (inviting the moon ) gate to shizhang (stony old man) pavilion. it is 728 meters in length and consist of 273 sections and connects four octagonal pavilions. in 1990 ,it was listed in guinness book of world records.

(strolling along the long corridor)

the long corridor is one of the major structures of the summer palace .since the corridor was designed to follow the physical features of the southern slope of longevity hill , four multiple-eaved, octagonal pavilions (beauty-retaining pavilion, enjoy-the ripples pavilion, autumn water pavilion and clarity distance pavilion) were placed at bends and undulation. thus sightseers will hardly notice the rise and fall of the terrain. as a major part of the architectural style of the summer palace, the long corridor serves as an ingenious connector between the lake and the hill. scattered buildings on the southern slope were linked to creat a unified complex. this corridor can also be called a corridor of paintings ”: there are more than 14,000 paintings on its beams. some of them are of birds, flowers and landscapes of the west lake in hangzhou, zhejian province. others present scenes from literary classics. the majority of the landscape painting were done under the order of emperor qianlong, who preperred the scenery of south china.

(by the door leading to the exhibition of cultural relics)

this group of temple-shaped structures are known as qinghua (clarified china) hall ,also known as arhat hall during the reign of emperor qianlong. the original hall burned down in 1860. after it was reconstructed, it was renamed. qinghua hall is now used as a exhibition hall displaying rare cultural relics collected in the summer palace. the hall consists of 6 exhibition rooms with tens of thousands of articles of treasure on display in turn. among the exhibits there are bronze ware, porcelain, jade assemblages from the ming and qing dynasties, and rare and paintings. there is also a gigantic stone slab, which is more than 3 meters in height and width. it bears the handwritten inscriptions of emperor qianlong is commemoration of the suppression of a rebellion in the xinjiang region. only this slab survived when the angle-french allied forces set fire to the summer palace.

(in front of the gate of dispelling clouds)

now we are approaching the central part of the structures on the lakeside slope, the tower of buddhist incense within the hall of dispelling clouds. the hall of dispelling clouds was where numerous palatines kowtowed to empress dowager cixi. it was surrounded by galleries and flanked by annex halls. in the forecourt there is a pool and marble bridges . starting from the lakeside, there lies in succession a memorial archway, the gate of dispelling clouds, the hall of dispelling clouds and the tower of buddhist incense. all of these structures are built on a central axis and each is taller than its predecessor. this was designed to give prominence to the last structure, the tower of buddhist incense, which was a symbol of imperial power. the layout of this group of architectures was based on scenes described in buddhist sutras. this group of structure are among the most magnificently constructed here in the summer palace.

(inside the hall of dispelling clouds)

the original buildings on this site were burned down by the anglo-french allied forces in 1860. a new set of structures was built during the reign of emperor guanxu, and was called the hall of dispelling clouds, suggesting that it was a fairyland. the hall was built on a high terrace, and has 21 room. inside the hall are a throne, screens, tripods and mandarin fans. on a platform you will see bronze dragons, phoenixes and tripods. at the foot of the platform there are four bronze water vats, the ancient form of fire extinguishers. the 10th day of lunar october was ,empress dowager cixi` s birthday. on that day ,she sat on the throne here to receive congratulations and gifts. now we are going to pay a visit to the highlight of the summer palace- the tower of buddhist incense. what we are now standing on is a stone terrace which is 20 meters in height. it has a semi housed stairway of 100 steps, you will live for 100 years. so, let` s go !

(in the front of the tower of buddhist incense)

an octagonal structure with three storeys and quadruple eaves, the tower of buddhist incense is the very center of the summer palace, and is one of the masterpieces of ancient chinese architecture. the tower is 41 meters in height, and is buttressed by 8 solid pillars made of lignumvitae logs. with its complex structure, ingenious layout, towering terrace and convincing grandeur, the tower of buddhist incense was artfully set out by the imperial gardens and beautiful scenery surrounding it .the tower overlooks kunming lake and other picturesque spots within an area of tens of kilometers .on the west side of the tower stands baoyunge (precious cloud pavilion). it is made of bronze and is7.5 meters in height and 270 tons in weight. it resembles its wooden counterparts in every detail. it is one of the largest and most exquisite bronze pavilions still on existence in china. lamas prayed here during the reign of emperor qianlong in honor of the monarchs and their families. at the turn of the century 10 bronze windows were spirited abroad. in 1992 an american company bought the windows and returned them intact to china.

(on a hilltop leading from the back door of tower of buddhist incense)

now we can see the long and snaking western causeway and a shorter dike that divides kunming lake into three areas that contain south lake island, seaweed-viewing island and circle city island. the three island represent three mountain in ancient chinese mythology, i. e. penglai, fangzhang and yingzhou. this peculiar method of incorporating a lake a three mountains within a single garden was a brainchild of emperor wudi of the han dynasty more than 2,000 years ago, bearing testimony to feudal monarchs` s longing for longevity. as the legend goes many heavenly elixirs grew on the three mythical islands. using artificial building techniques, the ancient chinese built this masterpiece based on the myth to make the mythical on appear to be accessible to humans.

(inside the garden of harmonious interest)

setting a garden within a larger garden has been one of china traditional architectural styles. the garden of harmonious interest serves as a fine example of this. this garden was built under the order of emperor qianlong and modeled after the jichang garden (garden of ease of mind )at the foot of mount huishan, jiansu province. it was renamed by his son emperor jiaqing in 1811. the existing garden was rebuilt by emperor or guangxu. empress dowager cixi used to go fishing here. the garden features 10 waterfront platforms, pavilions and halls as well as hundreds of galleries with all of its structures facing the lake and pools, the garden of harmonious interest is basically a garden of waterscape. spanning the vast expanse of the lake and pools are five bridges, each quite different from the others. the most famous of them is the bridge known as knowing –the fishing-bridge.” it is said that more than 2,500 years ago during the warring states period, two philosophere named zhuang zi had an interesting argument by the side of a pond. zhang said, ”fish swim to and fro in the water. what happy fish!” hui asked , ”you are not a fish. how do you know they are happy? ” zhuang replied, you are not me .how do you know i don’t know? ” hui signed, i am not you ,therefore, i don’t know you . and you are not a fish ,so how do you know that fish are happy? ” zhang said, you ask me how i know fish are happy, why do you keeping me the same question?” although the garden of harmonious interest was designed after jichang garden, it not only absorbed the original designs, but exceeded it .

(outside the south entrance to suzhou shopping street)

now lets have a look at longevity hill. on the back slope of the hill stands a group of architectures. the centerpiece of structures there are known as the four continents and are dedicated to buddhism. this group was laid out and arranged in accordance with buddhist cosmology. aside from a main shrine and structures embodying the four continents, there are eight towers representing minor continents. the shrine is surrounded by four lamaist pagodas and between the major and minor continents, there two platforms representing the sun and the moon. the qing authority attached great importance to buddhism. to further strengthen ties with the ethnic minorities who practiced buddhism, the monarchs incorporated both han and tibetan styles of architecture into this group of temples. further north at the foot of the four major continent lies the suzhou shopping street. built along the back lake of the summer palace, this street stretches about 300 meters and features more than 60 stores. it includes restaurants, teahouses, pawnshops banks, drugstores dye houses and publishing houses. in order to recreate the atmosphere of ancient times, visitors will have the chance to exchange their money to ancient style chinese coins for use here. storefronts are trimmed with traditional signboards and ornaments. the commercial culture of the mid-18th century has thus been recreated.

(atop the stone bridge inside the suzhou shopping street)

visitors may be surprise to see that this shopping street is almost the same as that in south china. as a matter of fact, this street was designed after the shops along the canals in suhzhou. originally known as emperor` s shopping street, it was built during the reign of emperor qianlong. after making several inspection tours to south china and being duly impressed by its commercial prosperity, emperor qianlong ordered the construction of this street. the imperial shopping street was burnt down by anglo-french allied forces in 1860. the site remained desolated until 1987, when reconstruction began. it was opened to the public in september 1990. with commercial culture as its hallmark, the suzhou shopping street is a vivid representation of china` s traditional cultures.

(on the road from the south fate of the suzhou shopping street to the marble boat)

this is the hall of pines. from it to the west we can walk to the marble boat. the path we aree taking stretches between longevity hill and back lake. monarchs and their cohorts used to stroll along it .hence it was named central imperial path. along this path you will see lilacs all around. hence, this road is also known as the path of lilac.

(in front of the ruins of the garden of complete spring)

quite a few unique structures were burnt down during the reign of emperor qianlong, among which the garden of complete spring was one of the most famous. the ruined and desolate courtyard by the roadside was its original site, it remains to be restored. this group of structures cover an area of 4,000 square meters and features a number of halls built on three different levels. all of the structures were connected with galleries and stone staircases. with its natural and ingenious combination of pavilions, a hall, galleries and rooms, the garden of complete spring serves as a fine model for other gardens. emperor qianlong frequently visited this compound.

(along the lakeside by the marble boat)

now we have returned from the back of longevity hill to the front. there is the famous marble boat. this structure is 36 meters in length and its body was made of marble. on top of it is a two storeyed structure. the floor was paved with colored bricks. all of the windows are inlaid with multi-colored glass and the ceiling was decorated with carved bricks. the drainage system channels rain water down through four hollow concrete pillars and into the lake through the mouth of dragon heads. according to a book written by emperor qianlong, the boat was used for enjoying the scenery and was supposed to be symbolic of the stability of the qing dynasty. halfway up the slope there stands the hall for listening to orioles . the ancient chinese liken the warble of an oriole to beautiful songs and melodies, hence the name of the hall which used to be a theater. now the hall is one of the most famous restaurants in china, featuring imperial dishes and desserts. it is a must for many foreign visitors to have lunch here when then come to beijing. more than one hundred heads of state worldwide have dined here and the late premier zhou enlai has held banquets here in honor of state guests. (sightseers who want to try the restaurant can go boating after they eat. those who do not can go abroad right away. those who do not feel like taking the boat can stoll along the long corridor to the outside of the east gate). (boating on kunmin lake) we are now going to enjoy the lakeside scenery from a pleasure boat. as a main part of the summer palace, kunming lake covers an area of 220 hectares, or three fourths of the combined space of this summer resort. this natural lake is more than 3500 years old. this lake was originally called wengshan lake. in 1749 emperor qianlong ordered the construction of qingyi garden, the predecessor of the summer palace. involving nearly 10,000 laborers, the lake was expanded and turned into a peach-shaped reservoir, the first of its kind for beijing. from 1990 to 1991, the beijing municipal government ordered the first dredging of the lake in 240 years .involving 200,000 men and hundreds of dredgers and other tools, a total of 625,600 cubic meters of sludge was dredged and 205 bombs dropped by the japanese during the anti-japanese war were removed. the summer palace set a precedent for sightseeing by boat. there used to be a large imperial flotilla, of which the kunming merry dragon” was the most famous. it was destroyed by the anglo-french allied forces in 1860. to make the tour of the summer palace a more pleasant one, a large pleasure boat tai he ” (supreme harmony )was built. this double –decked boat is 37.09 meters long,8,59 meters wide and 10.49 meters high. it can travel at a speed of 9 kilometer per hour. small pleasure boats are also available to tourist. another major spot of interest on the western causeway is jingming (bright view ) hall. both its front and rear face the lake. this structure also features three two- storeyed halls of varying heights. our tour is drawing to a close as we approach the shore. today we only visited the major scenic areas of the summer palace. i have left other spot of interest for your next visit. i will show you out through the east gate. i hope you enjoyed today` s tour. thank you .good-bye and good luck.

我想大家都知道威尼斯这个水上城市吧!下面，我就给大家介绍介绍威尼斯吧!

首先，我给大家介绍一下威尼斯，他不但是一座水上都市，还是一座百岛之城，他由118个小岛组成，并以 177条水道、401座桥梁连成一体，以舟相通，人口有34.3万。主建于离岸4公里的海边浅水滩上，平均水深1.5米。由铁路、公路、桥与陆地相连。

威尼斯是一个美丽的水上城市，它建筑在最不可能建造城市的地方-水上,威尼斯的风情总离不开“水”，蜿蜒的水巷，流动的清波，她就好像一个漂浮在碧波上浪漫的梦，诗情画意久久挥之不去。这个城市，有一度曾握有全欧最强大的人力、物力和权势。威尼斯的历史相传开始于公元453年;当时威尼斯地方的农民和渔民为逃避酷嗜刀兵的游牧民族，转而避往亚德里亚海中的这个小岛。威尼斯外形像海豚，城市面积不到7.8平方公里，却由118个小岛组成，177条运河蛛网一样密布其间，这些小岛和运河由大约401座各式各样的桥梁缀接相连。整个城市只靠一条长堤与意大利大陆半岛连接。

我介绍完啦威尼斯，大家是不是对威尼斯又有拉更深的了解那。

去过杭州西湖的人都说：“那里天是蔚蓝的，水是碧绿的，空气是清爽的，人是热情的”。徒有虚名还是名副其实呢?

Ever been to hangzhou west lake said: "there sky is blue, water is green, the air is fresh, people is enthusiasm". Nominal or real?

从杜桥坐车到杭州大约4个小时。走出车门，风儿吹来那挺拔的柳树在风中热摇着，枝叶梳理自己独一无二的长头发，那一根根如丝般的秀发在你眼中舞动着，那是柳树在挥动手臂在欢迎你。只见那湖中一层层的小波浪你挤我挤地到了河岸边，碧波里的西湖在轻轻地吟唱着。岸上蜿蜒曲折的小路如同一缕轻烟缭绕，很温柔地缠绕在丛林之间。只见那生意人手中的丝巾，花雨伞……看见游人来了一拥而上，为了一桩小买卖而寸步不离、不 其烦地推销，这过分热情有时把游客追得如鸟散。我们站在湖边纷纷好姿势，“咔嚓……”让自己的倩影永远留在千年文化的杭州。

About 4 hours from Du Qiao to hangzhou by car. Out of the door, and the wind is blowing the tall willow thermal shook in the wind, leaves comb their unique long hair, that their such as silky hair dancing in your eyes, it was the willows waving arms to welcome you. See the layers of small waves in the lake you crowded I crowded into the river, blue waves of the west lake is gently singing. Shore meandering path like a ray of light smoke fills the air, very gently winding between the jungle. See that the business of silk scarves, take an umbrella... Set saw visitors come, pockets for a small business, dont bother to sell, the excessive enthusiasm sometimes chase visitors such as birds. We stood by the lake have good posture, "kacha..." The beautiful image of yourself forever culture in hangzhou in one thousand.

湖心岛，人间乐土，四面皆水，踏上这一座岛便立深深爱上她了，爱上这片土地。在那里一棵棵大树是我们的小伙伴。那一块块岩石是你主要的“沙发”，如果你心情特别不好，那么迷人的景色能让你消除烦恼——层层的小海浪来了，她也来和你共同分享快乐于悲伤，那时柳树在风婆婆的帮助下跳起了优美的舞姿。

In a lake, heaven on earth, water is all around, set foot on the island of deeply in love with her, fall in love with this piece of land. Hits the trees there is our friend. The pieces of rock is your main "sofa", if you feel special is bad, so charming scenery can make you eliminate troubles, and the layers of small waves come, she also to share happiness with you in the sad, then with the help of wind the mother-in-law the willows dance the graceful dance.

你瞧，在那里大自然才是你最亲密的小伙伴，大自然能让人表现的如此开朗!大自然能让你永远记住她的好朋友——人类。

You see, where is your closest friend, nature nature can let a person so cheerful! Nature can let you always remember her good friend - human beings.

游三潭印月、吃农家菜，结识大自然这一个好朋友，日子无忧无虑的，尽情享受西湖的美妙。这时我想起万里《晓出净慈寺送林子方》：毕竟西湖六月中，风光于四时同。接天连叶无穷碧，映日荷花别样红。

Just swim and eat farm-style, a good friend to get to know the nature, carefree, enjoy the beauty of west lake. When I think of wanli "xiao the net Keats temple to send Lin Zifang" : after all, the west lake in June, the scenery in four. Next day even leaves endless blue, video on lotus red.

我陶醉在优美的风景和这首诗中。

I revel in the beautiful scenery and the poem.

大三巴牌坊位于大三巴斜港，是圣保禄教堂前壁的遗迹。“三巴”是“圣保禄”的译音，又因教堂前壁遗迹貌若中国传统的牌坊，所以称大三巴牌坊。

大三巴牌坊已有350多年历史，是澳门最为众熟悉的标志，也是著名的旅游景点，初来澳门的游客绝不会错过来此参观、留景的机会。大三巴牌坊视为一座不朽的祭台。游人在感受其雄伟壮观外，更要留意欣赏牌坊(前壁)上精致的浮雕及其含义。牌坊分为上下四层，顶部为三角楣。就整体而言，牌坊表达着两组意义：一组由下两层的方形构成，主要反映耶稣会宗徒及传教士的工作，属于周游地球传教的现世教会一派;另一组是由上层的三角形构成，主要表现至圣圣三(圣父、耶稣基督、圣神)与在天主面前为人类代褥的童贞玛利亚。

从下往上看，在底层大门上方刻有耶稣会(IHS)祭记和学院名称(天主圣母)，第二层立有四位耶稣会圣人全身塑像，第三层正中为无原罪玛利亚升天，两边由身着白袍的修士之石刻围绕，极富东方特色。第四层正中为天父之子耶稣雕像，两旁刻着其救赎苦难的象征。牌坊顶部十字架下的三角形，象征着天父的召唤，正中有一幅鸽子形状的铜像，传说代表圣神，四周环绕的太阳月亮星辰象征圣母童贞怀孕时的刹那时光。·南湾公园的旅游景点介绍 ·玫瑰圣母堂的旅游景点介绍 ·澳门特别行政区旅游景点介绍11990年至1995年，在原圣堂的地址进行了修茸并建成博物馆。游客可入内参观。其中的天主教艺术博物馆内收集了澳门各教堂和修道院具有代表性的画作、雕塑礼仪饰物。

各位先生们、女士们、大家好!我叫张梁影，现在由我带领大家到乐山大佛去看一看。

你知道乐山大佛在什么地方吗?现在有我来告诉你吧!在四川省西南部，有一条从北向南流的大河，叫岷江。

岷江水流湍急，波涛汹涌，常常掀翻江上的航船，淹死过往的行人。传说在1200多年前，有个叫海通的和尚，想借神的力量保护航船的安全，于是发起修造一座大佛。从那时起，无数石匠在乐山岷江岸边的石壁上一凿凿、一锤锤，整整敲打了90年，终于凿出了一座大石佛。这就是我国最大的一尊石佛——乐山大佛。

他身高71米，头长14。7米，眼睛长3。3米，垂着两只长6。3米的大耳朵，每个耳朵眼里都可以钻进两个人。斜披垂挂的衣服下，脚宽8。5米。越是在江风呼叫、江水咆哮的时候，大 佛，显出它的威严，似乎天塌下来他都能擎得起。

有时间自己亲自去看看吧!

各位游客：

你们好，欢迎你们来到香港旅游，我是你们的导游。

维多利亚港(英语:Victoria Harbour)简称维港，是位于中华人民共和国香港特别行政区的香港岛和九龙半岛之间的海港。世界第三大海港。由于港阔水深，为天然良港，香港亦因而有"东方之珠"、"世界三大天然良港"及"世界三大夜景"之美誉 。

维多利亚港的名字，来自英国的维多利亚女王。一年四季皆可自由进出。早年已被英国人看中有成为东亚地区优良港口的潜力，后来从清政府手上夺得香港，发展其远东的海上贸易事业。维多利亚港一直影响香港的历史和文化，主导香港的经济和旅游业发展，是香港成为国际化大都市的关键之一。

维多利亚港(英语:Victoria Harbour)简称维港，是位于中华人民共和国香港特别行政区的香港岛和九龙半岛之间的海港。世界第三大海港。由于港阔水深，为天然良港，香港亦因而有"东方之珠"、"世界三大天然良港"及"世界三大夜景"之美誉 。

维多利亚港的名字，来自英国的维多利亚女王。一年四季皆可自由进出。早年已被英国人看中有成为东亚地区优良港口的潜力，后来从清政府手上夺得香港，发展其远东的海上贸易事业。维多利亚港一直影响香港的历史和文化，主导香港的经济和旅游业发展，是香港成为国际化大都市的关键之一。

地理概述

根据20__年的资料，维多利亚港面积为41.88平方公里，仅为原水域面积的60%，平均水深达12米。最深的航道是鲤鱼门，深约43米，最浅的航道则是油麻地，约为7米。范围东至鲤鱼门，西至青洲、青衣岛南湾角及汀九(该带水域又称为“西锚湾”)。维多利亚港潮差约1米。海港内包括青衣岛、青洲、小青洲及九龙石等岛屿，以及蓝巴勒海峡、硫磺海峡及鲤鱼门等水道。

形成原因

维多利亚港是一个天然的深水海港。它的形成大概在7000多年前当海平面比现在还很低之时。当时的维多利亚港是太平山与九龙之间的一个山谷。后来随着海平面上升，原来的山谷被海水淹盖，成为了今日的海港。

港口水位

维多利亚港的水位高度最高的纪录为3.96米，

纪录于1962年台风温黛袭港期间产生。因全球气候暖化、大型填海、珠江口流出的淡水及沉积物，以及南中国海的海流等，在1954年至20__年共50年其间，维多利亚港的水位高度合共上升12厘米，平均每年上升2.3毫米。而且在1987年至1999年期间，维多利亚港的水位更以每年平均22毫米的速度上升，升幅是全球水位上升速度的10倍，不过，在1999年后，维多利亚港水位急速下跌。

维多利亚港在香港开埠之时颇为广阔，因为当时两岸都是天然的海岸线。在今日北角东部，直到1930年代还是一个海滩，而在1970年代时，即使在筲箕湾的码头，仍然会有人在岸边游泳。然而，随着都市的发展，使污水不断排入海港里，使海港受到极大的污染;加上维多利亚港两岸不断的填海取地，使海港内变得大浪和湍急。1980年代当香港政府草拟香港机场核心计划时，曾建议把海港从维多利亚港外迁到青衣的蓝巴勒海峡或南丫岛外的博寮海峡，但未有成事。

历史沿革

1841年，英国占领香港。清政府与英国签署《南京条约》后，1861年1月英军占领九龙半岛，4月将香港岛与九龙半岛之间的海港，以当时在位的维多利亚女王命清政府与英国签署《南京条约》后，1861年1月英军占领九龙半岛，4月将香港岛与九龙半岛之间的海港。

清政府与英国签署《南京条约》后，1861年1月英军占领九龙半岛，4月将香港岛与九龙半岛之间的海港。

名为维多利亚港，在此以前，清朝文牍称为尖沙咀洋面或中门。类似的情况还有维多利亚公园、维多利亚城(今西环至铜锣湾一带)和维多利亚山(Victoria Peak，即太平山)等。

香港可供发展的平地很少，因此自1841年开埠以来，政府多次集中在维多利亚港进行填海工程。1842年，皇后大道及云咸街的兴建造成大量沙石，为免搬运至其他地区存放，于是直接把沙石推进海港，扩大香港的发展面积。政府1852年展开的文咸填海计划，是香港首次的正式填海工程，位置在今日上环文咸东街一带，目的是将上环的发展面积进一步增加，以兴建政府部门及港口设施，发展维多利亚城。

后来，填海工程由原来的港岛西面，及后扩展至整个香港岛及九龙，以有利香港发展。中环德辅道、湾仔北、铜锣湾、尖沙咀东、启德机场跑道、港澳码头、红磡湾、观塘工业区、土瓜湾、葵青货柜码头、荃湾和西九龙等重要发展地方，全都是填海造地得来。

因香港为亚洲的重要港口之一，在20世纪初至1970年代，造船业亦十分发达。当时，香港拥有亚洲其中两个最大规模的船坞，分别是位于鲗鱼涌，由太古洋行开设的太古船坞，以及位于红磡的黄埔船坞。船坞雇用的工人数以千计，造船技术和出产船只的排水量皆与日本齐名。然而，自1970年代起，香港的航运业开始衰退，地产业则开始起飞。两所船坞分别在1970年代及1980年代拆卸，其后在青衣合作开设香港联合船坞，原址改建成住宅及商场，即今日的太古城与黄埔花园。

香港开埠以后，英国皇家海军在中环设立海军基地，其后命名为添马舰，现时该地段已发展成新政府总部。1990年代中期，海军基地迁往昂船洲。香港由于是自由补给港，又位于东南亚与远东航道的中心点，所以在1997年香港回归前，维多利亚港常有英国或美国军舰停泊，1997年后亦有不少美国军舰来港补给。舰上官兵留港期间，多到湾仔等地消遣。

段经济贸易

维多利亚港是国际上重要的港口之一，据政府纪录，20__年抵港的远洋轮船及内河商船分别有39,040和190,820航次，海上运输相当发达。早期，维多利亚港已被视为重要商港，直至后来海港西部的葵涌及青衣货柜码头的兴建，香港海运才逐渐离开维多利亚港中心地带，转而以旅游和交通为主。现时，维多利亚港仍有不少货船往来，中流作业及内河商船仍然十分频繁。香港现时处理的货物对整个华南地区极为重要，而且大部份货物大部份地区与华南地区有关。

维多利亚港是天然的深水港，港口水域广阔，平均水深达12米，海底泥层亦没有淤泥阻塞，可同时容纳上50艘万吨级的大型远洋轮船。另外，港口东面的鲤鱼门和西面的汲水门较窄，加上受九龙半岛和香港岛的群山所包围，形成港口四面环山，强风因而为山势所阻。港内又设有多个天然及人工的港湾与避风塘，足以让船只在平日甚至热带气旋来临时，免受风浪侵袭。此外，由于香港气候暖和，港口终年不结冰，船只可自由进出。基于各项优秀条件，香港因而成为优良转口港。

葵青货柜码头

葵青货柜码头位于香港新界葵青区葵涌及葵青青衣的醉酒湾，在维多利亚港西北部，是香港最主要的货柜物流处理中心，目前是世界第二大吞吐量的货柜港口(世界最大吞吐量的货柜港口是新加坡)及华南地区第一大港。1992年至20__年，香港均是全球最繁忙的货柜港口。

葵青货柜码头占地庞大，由葵涌、青衣伸延至昂船洲一带，共有9个货柜码头，24个泊位，可停泊最大型的货柜船。码头的全年总处理能力，超过1800万个标准货柜单位。20__年，葵青货柜码头处理的货物总量约为16,048千个货柜单位。

中流作业区

1970年代，货柜码头开始发展时，货柜码头可供集箱船只所装载的泊位不敷使用，班轮公司为减低船只等候泊位所造成的损失，决定直接在货船上分派货柜，在海中系以浮筒或抛海通过趸船来进行装卸集装箱，利用趸船将货柜运送到附近的码头起卸，目的是要辅助货柜码头的角色，成为香港中流作业的雏型。

为方便将货柜船的货物运送至港九各地，香港在维多利亚港两岸设置多个中流作业区。由于中流作业可将货柜船在市区部份码头直接进行起卸工作，无需经过货柜码头起卸，可避免路面上的交通挤塞或所泊位不足造成的延误。加上中流作业的成本低廉，为不少客户提供多一种装卸选择。现时，香港约有 20% 的货物装卸工作在系泊或锚泊港内的船只上以中流作业的方式进行。

交通设施

由于维多利亚港分隔香港岛和九龙半岛，维多利亚港的交通对香港发展尤其重要。1890年代起，早已有渡海小轮往返维多利亚港两岸。随着香港经济发展，维多利亚港的交通设施由原来渡海小轮发展至海底隧道，地下铁路等现代化设施。

跨海设施

维多利亚港上虽没有桥梁横过，但它的底下现时有三条过海行车隧道，分别是1972年通车的香港海底隧道(红磡海底隧道)、1989年通车的东区海底隧道，以及1997年通车的西区海底隧道。

早在1894年，香港正兴建电车系统之时，香港政府便已经有兴建跨海大桥的打算，以连接港岛及九龙两岸。大桥上更包括电车系统，希望跨海大桥能成为香港的标志性建筑物。由于当年兴建跨海大桥成本高昂，及影响维多利亚港船只运行，故计划搁置。

二次大战过后，政府曾考虑天星小轮负荷问题，在1950年代重新研究跨海大桥计划。当时建议中跨海大桥亦包括海底隧道方案，但因大桥破坏景观而被搁置。后来，政府于1955年决定研究兴建海底隧道可行性。直到1960年代，香港政府决定兴建红磡海底隧道，连接红磡与铜锣湾。1972年8月，红磡海底隧道通车。

1976年，因红磡海底隧道挤塞情况未有改善，政府再度研究在鲤鱼门兴建大桥，连接香港岛及九龙东面，但其后因影响船只航道及启德机场飞机升降再度搁置，后来由东区海底隧道取代。

香港海底隧道

香港海底隧道又名红磡海底隧道(简称红隧或旧隧)，是香港第1条海底行车隧道，于1972年8月通车，耗资港币3亿2千万元兴建。目前，红隧是世界上最繁忙的4线行车隧道之一，也是香港最繁忙、使用率最高的道路。海底隧道南端出入口位于奇力岛(又称灯笼洲)，因工程关系该岛已与香港岛连接。北端出入口所在的土地位于红磡以西，亦为填海所得。隧道使用旧式设计，只有双程双线行车，早于通车10年后行车流量已经饱和，往港岛方向每天上下午繁忙时间经常出现挤塞情况。因此，除隧道收费外，由1984年6月1日起，当局向所有车辆征收隧道税，以求减低流量。而该隧道专营权在1999年8月31日届满，现已交还香港政府管理。

虽然先后有东区海底隧道及西区海底隧道通车纾解车流，但由于两隧均收费高昂，地理位置又不及香港海底隧道方便，故隧道的饱和程度仍日益恶化。在周末及假日前夕，有时到凌晨12时左右仍可见车龙。20__年，平均每日行车量达124,000架次。

东区海底隧道

东区海底隧道简称东隧，是香港第二条过海行车隧道。隧道连接香港岛东部和九龙东部，全长2.2公里，共有5条管道：2条双程双线行车管道、两条为港铁将军澳线使用(将军澳线通车前为观塘线使用)，以及一条容纳环境控制系统的管道。隧道南端为鲗鱼涌，与4号干线(东区走廊)交汇;北端的茶果岭出入口设有收费广场。

1986年，中信泰富旗下的新香港隧道有限公司以“建造、营运、移交”(BOT)方式获发东区海底隧道30年的专营权。20__年，该公司在有庞大盈利下仍申请加价成功，引起市民很大的回响，亦使本已饱和的香港海底隧道的车流量而不合理化。20__年，平日的行车流量约为61,000架次。

西区海底隧道

西区海底隧道简称西隧，是香港第三条过海行车隧道，是全港首条双程3线行车的过海隧道和全港最大的海底隧道。隧道全长1.97公里，连接香港岛的西营盘和九龙油麻地附近的西九龙填海区，是香港第1条双程3线分隔沉管式隧道，并与机场铁路的第三条过海铁路隧道同时兴建。九龙出入口附设有20个缴费亭的收费广场，当中4条行车线可随时改变行车方向，如繁忙时间便可为同一行车方向提供12条行车线。并在油麻地交汇处连接西九龙公路;西营盘出入口的交汇处包括17条接驳天桥、1条下通路和多段引道，连接4号干线。

中信泰富旗下的香港西区隧道有限公司在1997年以“建造、营运、移交”方式获发西区海底隧道30年的专营权。因其高昂收费，西区海底隧道车流一直偏低，未能分流香港海底隧道的负担。于20__年，平均每日行车量只有44,373架次，远低于可供行车数目的180,000架次。

香港第四条海底隧道

香港第四条过海隧道是一条计划中的海底隧道，研究在香港海底隧道东面兴建另一条海底隧道。倡议中第四条海底隧道由连接香港岛的炮台山和九龙黄埔，并考虑同时兴建铁路管道，以减低第五条过海铁路隧道的兴建成本。

工程的建议已经响起了一段长时间，以舒缓红隧的交通流量压力。虽然先后有东区海底隧道及西区海底隧道通车为香港海底隧道分流，但由于由中信泰富旗下的两间隧道公司所垄断，两隧均多次加价以致收费高昂，加上地理位置不及香港海底隧道方便和过于分散，故隧道的饱和程度日益恶化，使红隧所承受的压力愈来愈大。因此兴建第四条过海隧道的呼声再次响起，以抗衡中信泰富对香港过海交通的垄断。

过海铁路隧道

现时有3条港铁行车线亦会穿过维多利亚港，包括：

第1条过海铁路隧道：荃湾线(接驳港岛金钟站及九龙尖沙咀站一段)

第2条过海铁路隧道：将军澳线(接驳港岛鲗鱼涌站及九龙油塘站一段，与上述东区海底隧道一同兴建)

第3条过海铁路隧道：东涌线和机场快线(两线使用同一隧道，接驳港岛香港站及九龙的九龙站一段，与上述西区海底隧道一同兴建)

1967年，政府在检讨香港交通同时，同时邀请英国交通研究部门就香港整体交通作出研究[33]。因此出现首次过海铁路隧道雏型，在1982年与前地铁修正早期系统第四期工程一起启用。此外，1970年亦曾建议在九龙尖沙咀兴建另一条过海铁路隧道连接香港岛的上环，因为资金及人口问题而拖延。

1984年至87年，因第一条过海铁路隧道因应港岛线通车而开始出现饱和现象，政府决定在维多利亚港东面兴建第二条过海铁路隧道(请参阅东区海底隧道部份内容)。

1989年，因为过海铁路隧道发展需求，纷纷出现多个过海铁路隧道方案[35]，其中在维多利亚港西面兴建过海铁路隧道相对重要，以便加强机场铁路接驳能力。同时又因为部份路段与西区海底隧道重叠，一同兴建可减低兴建成本。

第四条过海铁路隧道将连接香港岛的中环至湾仔填海区及九龙红磡。此方案沿袭1970年的东九龙线方案，并加以改良。最初政府一直是考虑地下铁路方案，但因1989年的中环至湾仔填海区，而重新规划。20__年，政府采纳九广铁路的东铁过海方案。20__年4月，两铁合并终落实，南北线将通过第四条过海铁路隧道到达港岛会展站，再到达终点金钟。

与此同时，第5条过海铁路隧道方案亦在1989年提出[35]，曾考虑以观塘线、机场铁路或九广铁路(现称港铁东铁线)连接香港岛的炮台山站及九龙黄埔站。由于第四条过海铁路隧道尚未兴建，故香港暂时并无兴建第五条过海铁路隧道的迫切性。

渡轮服务

过海隧道和铁路未兴建前，渡海小轮是往来维多利亚港两岸的唯一交通工具;香港的渡轮事业亦曾一时兴盛。最早的渡轮公司是约在1888年成立的“九龙渡海小轮公司”，由一位波斯拜火教教徒Dorabujee Naorojee Mithaiwala创办，来往尖沙咀与中环。1898年，九龙仓收购“九龙渡海小轮公司”，并把“九龙渡海小轮公司”，改名为“天星小轮公司”。

香港的发展一直侧于香港岛一边，但随着九龙的发展，市民对于港九之间的渡轮需求日渐殷切，20世纪初期，分别由16间小轮公司承办来往由中环至油麻地，旺角及深水埗等地的航线，可是由于太多公司承办，易生混乱，故港府在1919年起，批出专营权予“四约街坊轮船公司”，营办港九之间的渡轮服务。及至1924年1月1日“四约街坊轮船公司”专营权期限届满，由香港油蔴地小轮船有限公司接办服务。

此后，有一段长时间大部份航线由油麻地小轮提供服务，主要路线有北角至观塘、九龙城及红磡，中环至佐敦道码头、大角咀及深水埗。1980年代初期，港岛东区至中环的交通十分挤塞，油麻地小轮曾开办由太古城至中环的非过海渡轮服务，1985年，地铁港岛线通车后服务便取消。渡海小轮的服务时间至午夜止，在海底隧道及通宵过海巴士前现前，停航后市民只能等待第2天早上过海，又或者乘搭收费较昂贵且危险的“哗啦哗啦”电船。

1990年代起，由于陆上交通事业的发达，香港政府对渡轮事业没有大力支持，一些码头像佐敦道码头及大角咀码头一类往昔较繁忙的大型码头，在西九龙填海后并没有重建。今天，除了尖沙咀和观塘外，九龙区就只剩九龙城码头和红磡码头这些没有铁路连接的区份设有渡轮服务。

过去油麻地小轮还有汽车渡轮服务，驾驶人士如需过海，便需把汽车驶至汽车渡轮码头，驶进特制的汽车渡轮过海，沿途可在车上欣赏两岸风景。1980年代末东区海底隧道通车后，汽车渡轮服务因使用需求大跌，加上营运成本昂贵而终止。近日，由于两条海底隧道的加价，促使红磡海底隧道所面临的交通压力渐增，有人曾倡议恢复停办多年的汽车渡轮服务。

现时，维多利亚港内有天星小轮有限公司、新世界第一渡轮服务有限公司、港九小轮有限公司提供往返维多利亚港两岸的航线。另外也有不少公司提供部份航线往返维多利亚港至澳门及广东省珠三角等地。

码头

维多利亚港有多个渡轮码头、汽车渡轮码头及公众码头。有关码头主要是提供往返维多利亚港内的航线，而中环码头更提供往返维多利亚港至离岛的航线，而在北角及观塘汽车渡轮码头仍提供危险品车辆渡轮服务。维多利亚港亦设有一些公众码头供小型驳船、游艇、观光船等作上落客服务。亦有小量的补给和货物转运。

维多利亚港上设有2个大型离境码头：港澳码头及中国客运码头，来往澳门及广东省珠三角各口岸，码头设有出入境设施，可办理离境手续。

避风塘

香港每年夏季时均不时会遭受台风侵袭，因此，维多利亚港内设有多个避风塘供船只躲避风雨及停泊，亦有不少经营游览维多利亚港以及香港一些离岛的船艇，部份更提供娱乐设施和餐饮服务。铜锣湾避风塘除了是游艇的停泊点外，也以避风塘菜闻名，以富辛辣及味浓特色的海鲜料理为主，当中的避风塘炒蟹更是香港著名的地道美食之一，昔日的不少食店已“上岸”移到北角至铜锣湾一带经营。

邮轮码头

位于九龙尖沙咀的海运大厦是香港目前唯一的邮轮码头。海运大厦于1966年落成，除码头外亦设有写字楼及商场。不少著名邮轮曾在海运大厦停泊，包括曾经是世界最大邮轮的伊利沙伯号。

政府现正在前启德机场跑道尽头兴建启德邮轮码头，这项工程并不需要在维多利亚港填海。

港口保护

香港填海工程

香港由于平地少而山多，香港政府早年便已开始进行填海工程以扩展土地，以致海港面积不断缩小。

近年，不少港人开始关注维多利亚港的填维多利亚港中环岸边在填海的海计划，并开展了不少保护维多利亚港的运动，当中以保护海港协会最为人所认识。该会在1996年发动签名行动得到170,000个市民签名支持而成功推动保护海港条例，后于1997年6月于立法局最后一次会议时成为法例。

香港主权移交后，反对填海的声音渐趋强烈。1998年，因为保护海港协会为首的多个环保团体的反对，逼使政府先后需要暂缓及重新检讨启德及添马舰对出的填海工程。其后，部份团体及市民及曾就政府于湾仔北与中环的填海计划作出法律诉讼，直至20__年，终审法院就政府的湾仔北填海计划判定政府败诉;但在20__年，政府在中环的填海计划上获得胜诉。尽管政府在中环填海计划获得胜诉，但为避免再次引起诉讼，政府亦成立咨询性的共建维港委员会，以听取民间对于填海工程的有关意见。

今天的维多利亚港在多次填海造地后面积已大幅减少，但交通却越来越繁忙，海浪因而比往日大，体积较小的船只在海上航行会摇曳不定。

景观保护

维多利亚港两岸是香港著名的观光点，不少旅客会到太平山项远眺维多利亚港及九龙半岛的景观，但地产商多年来不断在维多利亚港两岸临海地段新建高楼，部份高楼甚至遮挡了狮子山山脊线，令海旁景观及两岸山脊线受破坏，阻碍旅客观赏维多利亚港两岸景观。

环保团体环保触觉主席谭凯邦指出，虽然香港已立法在填海方面保护维多利亚港，但没有在景观保护方面立法规管，地产商仍可以在维多利亚港两岸兴建高楼。该团体调查发现，香港人普遍赞成政府应着手立法保护维多利亚港景观。

水质污染

维多利亚港的水质曾被长年忽视，其中以19经填海发展得出土地的香港会议展览中心新翼及中环广场。

经填海发展得出土地的香港会议展览中心新翼及中环广场。

70年代香港工业起飞对水质污染影响。当时政府仍未有措施监控工厂排出的污水，香港每天向维多利亚港排放约150万立方米筛滤后的污水，其中有不少含有毒物质及重金属的废料未经处理便直接排放到维多利亚港，沉积在维多利亚港海底的污泥中。

缺德者乱抛垃圾到海中，船只漏出的油渍等问题均是水质下降的来源。此外，充满化学物的家居清洁用品经厕所排放到维港，特别是沙士事件时期，市民大量使用漂白水，致使海水中的氨含量偏高。

多次的填海亦是一个间接影响水质的因素：填海工程将海岸线修直，造成一些海水流量不大的死位，海港的收窄也减弱了潮水的冲刷能力，这些均造成维多利亚港上一度积聚垃圾及臭味。根据水质测试证实海水中的大肠杆菌含菌量偏高，氧含量偏低，容易令鱼类及其他海洋生物窒息。有香港立法会议员更提出，若维多利亚港再继续填海工程，将来必定会变成维多利亚渠了。

政府于是推行策划性污水收集及处理系统，又推出“净化海港计划”(原名“策略性污水排放计划”、“策略性排污计划”或“海港污水处理计划”)以处理水质下降之问题。据香港环境保护署监察所得之数据，近年来虽然水质污染情况略有改善，但是仍需继续改善维多利亚港的水质。政府一方面亦制作了不少电视宣传片以呼吁市民不要将垃圾投入海港中，一方面则有部门负责检拾海中的垃圾，及定期对水质进行调查。长远方面，政府曾考虑过以导管将污水排出公海以减低维多利亚港内的水质污染。

过往维多利亚港上有不少捕鱼活动，但由于水质污染影响，令不少鱼类及其他海洋生物窒息死亡。虽然一直仍有不少人在维多利亚港两岸垂钓，但由于有关的海产有机会吸入有害物质，因此维多利亚港中的海产已不宜食用。

香港维港日

维多利亚港早年曾是不少水上活动的举行场地，但近年由于海港污染严重，及受填海工程影响，部份活动已移师其他地区。20__年起多间机构合办香港维港日(香港海港日)，希望引起市民关注维多利亚港的问题，培育市民关注海港的意识，提倡欣赏并爱护这个城市的珍贵资产。

维港活动

维港渡海泳

1906年起开始举办，由九龙尖沙咀公众码头游往中环皇后码头，赛程长1600米。但由于海面交通繁忙令封闭海港困难，海港水质每况愈下，加上兴建香港文化中心而封闭尖沙咀车站的铁路码头，渡海泳在1979年停办。20__年代，随着香港政府的《净化海港计划》渐见成效，香港业馀游泳总会于20__年10月末期向香港政府申请复办维港渡海泳，其后获得批准。

环岛帆船比赛

香港早于1864年已曾举办环岛帆船比赛，20__年沙士疫症过后，采用原有航道恢复举行。而皇家香港游艇会亦每年举办“环岛行”游艇比赛。

烟花汇演

维多利亚港是香港举行烟花汇演的主要场地。1982年起每年农历年初二、以及1997年起回归纪念日及国庆日，维多利亚港都会成为大型烟花汇演的舞台，每年吸引不少市民及旅客在维港两岸欣赏。另一方面，在部分日子的幻彩咏香江表演中，将在维港海上加插烟火表演，使汇演更添吸引力。

朋友们，古今闻名的"南包公"海瑞是海南琼山人。他那朴直、耿介、刚正不阿的品格，不为豪强所屈、不为失败所吓倒的坚强意志，始终为世人所祟敬，因此到海南旅游的客人，都要到海瑞墓去凭吊一番。

海瑞墓坐落在海口市秀英区的滨涯村，始建于明万历十七年(1589)，是明朝皇帝派官员监督修建的。传说海瑞灵柩运至今墓址时，棺绳突然断开，人们以为是海瑞自选风水宝地，于是就地下葬。墓园坐北面南，呈长方型，长约100米，宽近40米，占地约七八亩，四周有围墙。院内广植绿草，遍种椰树、松柏和绿竹、鲜花，显得葱郁苍翠凝重静穆。"翠竹绿椰千古长，犹留正气在人寰"。参天椰树那临风挺拔的雄姿，似是在显示着海瑞生前的凛然正气。

进入陵园神道南端，南门之内有一高高耸立的石牌坊，横额上书"粤东正气"四个大字，阴刻丹红，庄重古朴。这是明万历皇帝御笔所赐，是对海瑞生前为官的褒扬。

进了石牌坊正门，只见用花岗石条铺砌的一百多米长的墓道，笔直伸向陵墓。墓道两侧对称排列着神态各异的石羊、石马、石狮、石龟和石人。原来的石寿龟背上镌刻着一副对联，曰：孰云公无子?天下之人皆公子;熟云公无孙?天下之人皆公孙。可惜这只石寿龟在文革中被砸毁了，但对联所表达的对传说没有后代的海瑞的无比爱戴，却世代相传。每年农历二月二十二至二十五日的祭海公节，海瑞墓前人山人海。众多滨涯村民和海口市民手捧祭品到海公墓前拜叩，还请来剧团在墓前公演三个晚上，几百年来很少间断。

神道尽头便是墓室。墓基呈六角形，顶部圆锥形，用花岗石砌成，宛若一口三米高的古钟。墓前有石碑，高3.3米，宽87厘米，上刻"皇明救葬资善大夫南京都察院右都御史赠太子少保溢忠介海公之墓"，这是海瑞生前的官衔及死后的荣誉封号。"皇明敕葬"是说海公墓是由皇帝沼令建造的。

"资善大夫"是正二品官的官称。"南京都察院右都御史"是海瑞的最高官职。当时的建制，北京、南京都有都察院，海瑞是南京都察院的正职(右都御史)。"太子少保"是海瑞死后皇上封赠的荣誉性官阶，属正二品。"忠介"是皇帝给的溢号，意为事上竭诚，教人以善，为官清廉耿直。也有人解释为"耿介拔俗之际，潇洒出尘之想"，大体也符合海瑞为人的实际。墓碑的右上方题"钦差督造坟茔兼斋谕祭 文行人司行人许子伟撰"，说明许子伟是奉皇帝派遣护送海瑞棺枢回故里并督造墓茎的主持人，也是碑文、祭文的撰写人。左下方的落款刻"万历十七年己丑岁二月二十二日午时吉日敬建"，说明建墓的时间是明万历十七年即公元1589年，距今已四百年了。墓碑是海瑞陵园最珍贵的文物。

1961年，海瑞墓被广东省人民政府列为省级重点保护文物，1996年11月被国务院列为全国重点保护文物。海瑞墓在文革中被毁，幸而墓碑保存下来了。1982年1月由广东省人民政府和海南行政公署拨款修复，并增设"海瑞陈列室"。传说当年红卫兵把把海瑞墓砸了个稀巴烂，连墓道旁的石龟也砸了。滨涯村的老百姓崇敬海瑞，认为石龟是海瑞的化身，便到了一只小海龟，放置在海瑞墓园中原来安放大寿龟的地方，供人们祭祀。1982年政府主持重修海瑞墓时，按原样重新雕刻了大寿龟，并在龟背上镌刻重修记文。政府理解民情，把文革中老百姓祭祀了十几年的小石龟移到墓园的草坪上，现在仍可看到。

海瑞墓室后面的部分，是近年海口市政府扩建的。先是海瑞雕塑坐像一尊，像前立六根烛台华表，以表旌海瑞精神熠熠生辉，光照后人。塑像后面是扇形四柱亭，称"扬廉轩"。亭柱挂着海瑞所撰的两副对联。其曰：“政善民安歌道泰，风调雨顺号时清";另一曰："三生不改冰霜操，万死常留社稷身"，表现了海瑞对国政、对为官的见解。亭院建三层结构的圆形楼，称"清风阁";阁里陈列着海瑞的生平事迹及有关文物。

欢迎来到宏力学校,这边请。这是我们的艺术楼。他有五种因素为一身“声、乐、舞、画、作”,这是一楼,有老师写的字,还有老师画的画。也有的是老师辅导学生画的画,和写的字,还有几个音乐教室和琴房;二楼,是音乐天地,有几个舞蹈教室;三楼,是我们小学部的同学们用努力和汗水创造出来的画,和手工。

这是我们的报告厅,大型的讲坛,和表演都在这里举行。

那是初中部,听书声琅琅的。

再往前,就是我们的小学部了。那里下课时欢声笑语,上课时书声琅琅的,这也是我们学校的特色之一呀!

看,那是我们的体育馆,人称风雨操场,里面有乒乓球桌,篮球场,和羽毛球场。

这是我们的高中部,他有一块独立的地区,可能是因为学习吧!

这是我们的操场,我们可以在这里上体育课,还可以参加比赛呢?

这里,是我们的餐厅,他可以容下很多人, 我们初中学生、教师、小学部的同学们。都在这里吃饭。

这里,是我们的宿舍,它可以装下一千多人。

这里是我们学校最美的地方了,看他柳树成荫,鸟语花香。

这是我们学校的幼儿园,这个地方是许多人向往的地方,也是我向往的地方。

这个就是我们的行政楼。一楼有开价书库,有阅览室。还有一个典藏室,里面藏着不外界的书籍;二楼有监控室,那里可以查到我们学校的历史记录;三楼,是空空的,是用来存放书籍的。

哈哈,我们宏力学校不仅人才济济还卧虎藏龙。风景也是“青出于蓝胜于蓝”呀!

Dear tourists, the scenic spot we are going to visit is the Ming XiaolingMausoleum, which is located in Dulong, Mt. Zijin. Xiaoling Tomb of the MingDynasty is the joint Tomb of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, andhis Empress Ma Shi. Zhu Yuanzhang was born in 1328 to a poor peasant family inFengyang, Anhui Province. He joined Huangjue temple at the age of 17, joined thered scarf army of Guo Zixing at the end of the Yuan Dynasty in 1352, led thearmy to conquer Nanjing in 1356, and ascended the throne in 1368.

Xiaoling Mausoleum of Ming Dynasty was built in 1381. In 1382, it wasburied in empress Ma Shi. In 1398, it was buried here after Zhu Yuanzhang diedof illness. The project was not completed until 1413. It was named Xiaolingbecause Zhu Yuanzhang advocated "governing the world with filial piety" on theone hand, and because empress Ma was posthumously named "Xiaoci" on the other.Therefore, the tomb was called "Xiaoling" in the Ming Dynasty and "Xiaoling" inthe Qing Dynasty to show the difference between dynasties.

Relying on Zijin Mountain, the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum has a windingShinto. The mausoleum abides by the tradition of Chinese architecture, and itscentral axis is symmetrical. It is the first Mausoleum of Baocheng Baoding. Themausoleum shape of the former dynasty and the later Dynasty is the firstMausoleum of the Ming and Qing Dynasties for more than 600 years. As a nationalkey cultural relic protection unit, it was listed in the world cultural heritagelist in 20__.

What we see now is the first gate of the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum, dajinmen.In those days, a 45 Li external wall extended from both sides of dajinmen,including the whole Zijinshan.

The roof and gate of the old golden gate, which was covered with yellowglazed tiles, have disappeared. Only the castle and the three arches.

Over the golden gate, we came to Sifang city. It turned out to be a stelePavilion. Because the top of the pavilion was destroyed by the war in XianfengPeriod of Qing Dynasty, only four walls and four door tickets were left. Eachside is 26.86 meters long, just like an ancient castle. So Nanjing peoplecommonly call it Sifang city. There is a tablet of "the miraculous work of theXiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty" in the city, which is 6.7 meters highIts 2.08 meters high and called Mian. Its said that its one of the nine sonsof the dragon. Its very heavy. This tablet is the largest Ming tablet inNanjing. The inscription is written by Zhu Di, the founder of the Ming Dynasty.It has 2746 words and is divided into seven parts. First, it describes his lifeexperience and was born in Jurong family. Second, it asks for the peoplesorders and makes a great fortune. Third, it calms down the world, ascends thethrone and becomes emperor, cezhonggong and the crown prince, and is granted thesame surname. Fourth, it abolishes Zhongshu and sets up six departments to takecharge of military power. Fifth, it attaches importance to talents and the studyof founding a nation; 6、 He lived a simple life, and asked him to be buried withMa after his death in Xiaoling; 7. The name of 57 royal children and 144 fourcharacter eulogies, the inscription is a high praise of Zhu Yuanzhangs life.The completion of the monument of the great Ming Xiaoling was in 1413, whichmarks the end of the Ming Xiaoling project. Behind Zhu Dis great contributionto Zhu Yuanzhang, in fact, he built up his own prestige in Dashu, so as to showthe legitimacy of inheriting the throne. He originally sent tens of thousands ofmigrant workers to chisel a huge stele in the eastern suburb of Nanjing. If thecap, body and base of the stele were 72 meters high, they were too huge tocarry, so they were abandoned.

After passing the Yuhe bridge, we come to the Shinto of the XiaolingMausoleum of the Ming Dynasty. The Shinto is divided into two sections. Thefirst section is Shixiang road. On both sides of the road, there are six kindsof Stone Beasts, four in each group, standing on both sides and squatting onboth sides. Kirin is the king of animals, symbolizing the majesty of kings, andChina _ s legendary law beast, symbolizing the integrity of kings; camels arethe boats of the desert, showing the vast territory of Ming Dynasty and thetranquility of the western regions of the country; the elephant is a symbol ofthe country and the people, and the people are obedient; the unicorn is a kindof monster of Chinese mythology and legend, symbolizing the benevolence of theemperor. The last animal to see is a horse, which symbolizes loyalty to theemperor. The main purpose of placing these stone beasts on both sides of theShinto is to record Zhu Yuanzhangs achievements, to show the prosperity of theMing Dynasty, and to pray for the suppression of demons and evil spirits.

Walking along the stone statue Road, the second section of Shinto,wengzhong Road, lies ahead. There is a pair of pillar at the intersection, whichis also called Huabiao. The Shinto standing in front of the mausoleum is alsocalled lingbiao. There is the function of indicating the road here. From here,Shinto begins to turn due north. On wengzhong Road, there were two pairs ofmilitary generals, who were wearing armor and holding a wat board in theirhands. They were burly, and two pairs of civil ministers, who were wearing courtclothes and holding wat boards in their hands, were solemn. They are a pair ofyoung people and a pair of middle-aged people respectively, which indicates thatthere are successors in Daming. At the end of the Shinto Road, there is aLingxing gate with six pillars and three gates. The original gate was destroyedin the war in Xianfeng Period of the Qing Dynasty. Now the Lingxing gate isrestored in 20__ according to historical data. This is the ceremonial gate forvisiting the mausoleum.

On the east side of Shixiang Road, there is a hill called Meihua Mountain.Shinto turns a bend around Meihua Mountain. It turns out that this mountain wasthe mausoleum of Sun Quan in the eastern Wu Dynasty. During the construction ofthe Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty, someone suggested that thismausoleum should be removed. However, Zhu Yuanzhang said, "Sun Quan is also ahero. Let me see the gate." so the Shinto curved and became the natural barrierof the Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty. Now it has become a famous plumappreciation base in Nanjing.

Now we see the Jinshui bridge. Behind the Jinshui bridge is the mausoleumbuilding of Xiaoling Mausoleum of Ming Dynasty. There were five Jinshui bridgesfacing the five gates of the mausoleum palace, which were destroyed by the warin Xianfeng Period of Qing Dynasty. Only three of them were restored in QingDynasty. We can see that the stone carvings on the bridge deck and bridgefoundation are still relics of Ming Dynasty, and the bridge railings wererebuilt in Qing Dynasty. Starting from here, the building is in accordance withChinese tradition, with the north facing south and the central axissymmetrical.

Up the slope, the first thing we see is the square gate of Wenwu, which isthe gate of the mausoleum palace. Its yellow tile, red door and red wall set offeach other, showing the royal style. This gate was rebuilt in 1988 according tohistorical materials. In front of the gate, on the east side of the wall, thereis a special notice tablet, which was erected in the first year of Xuantong. Itis written in the characters of Japan, Germany, Italy, France, Britain andRussia. The content is to warn visitors to protect Xiaoling.

Entering the Wenwu square gate, we come to the Beidian. The Beidian wasoriginally the gate in front of the Xiaoling hall. Because the gate wasdestroyed in the war of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the destroyed gate wasrebuilt into a Beidian in the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty. There are fiveinscriptions in the hall. In the middle of the five inscriptions, "Zhilong Tangand Song Dynasty" is inscribed in the handwriting of Emperor Kangxi, which meansthat Zhu Yuanzhangs achievements in governing the country surpass those ofEmperor Taizong Li Shimin and Emperor Songtai in the Tang Dynasty Zhao Kuangyin.Kangxi, as the emperor of the Qing Dynasty, showed his respect and admirationfor Zhu Yuanzhang on the one hand, and on the other hand, he had his own goodintentions. At the beginning of the reign of Kangxi, the Han people did notaccept the Manchu rule. Kangxi knew that it was not enough to rely on theManchus high pressure policy alone, but also on the Han people. He visitedXiaoling of Ming Dynasty six times and five times in his life. He knelt downthree times and kowtowed nine times. In 1699, when he visited Xiaoling of MingDynasty for the third time, he wrote "Zhilong Tang and Song Dynasty" to win thehearts of the people. Next to them are two steles inscribed by Emperor Qianlongwhen he visited the mausoleum. There are also two lying steles on the back,which respectively record the first and third visits to Taizu mausoleum duringEmperor Kangxis southern tour. There are records written by Tao Dai, governorof Liangjiang and Cao Yin, weaving doctor in Jiangnan.

This building is the former site of Xiaoling hall, which is the mainbuilding of Xiaoling. You can see the three-story xumizuo platform base of theoriginal white marble. The platform base is three meters high. The four cornersof the three-story platform base are still left with stone carved head. Thereare three steps around the platform base. Its the middle of the road. On thethird floor of xumizuo is the hall of enjoyment, which is dedicated to ZhuYuanzhang and empress ma. The original palace was destroyed by the war inXianfeng Period of the Qing Dynasty. Now we can see 56 huge stone pillars on theplatform foundation, each with a diameter of 0.91 meters. Its easy to imaginehow spectacular the hall was at that time. At that time, the hall of Xiaolingwas nine rooms wide and five rooms deep, with double eaves, covered with yellowglazed tiles and a bucket arch overhanging eaves. The scale of Xiaoling was muchlarger than that of Changling Hall of Ming Chengzu in Beijing. What we see nowis the three Bay small hall restored during the reign of Tongzhi in the QingDynasty, which is not as large as before.

Passing through the inner red gate and the Shengxian bridge, the buildingin front of you is Fangcheng. Fangcheng is a huge building in front of Baoding.The outside is made of big stones and huge bricks. There are eight characterwalls on the East and west sides of Fangcheng. The four corners of the wall aredecorated with brick carvings. These brick carvings are representative works ofthe early Ming Dynasty. Passing through the 54th level corridor in the center ofFangcheng, you can see the south wall of Baocheng. On the front of the wall, youcan see that it is built with 13 layers of stones. It is said that the sevencharacters were engraved in the early years of the Republic of China to answervisitors questions.

From the East-West corridor between Baocheng and Fangcheng, you can climbto the minglou. It was originally a beautiful building with double eaves andyellow glazed tiles. It was destroyed by the war of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdomin the Qing Dynasty. Only four walls are left. In 20__, the minglou protectionproject was completed, and it has been restored. In July 20__, the minglou wasofficially opened to tourists, showing the distribution of Ming Dynasty in ChinaThere are 19 mausoleums of emperors in China.

Behind the Fangcheng is Baoding, which is a large round mound with adiameter of 325-400m. On the top of the mound are towering trees, and below itis the palace where empress Ma of Zhu Yuanzhang was buried. Baocheng is a brickcity with a circumference of 1100 meters around Baoding. The imperial mausoleumin Baoding of Baocheng city is the first mausoleum in Ming and Qing Dynastiesfor more than 500 years. Its just that the Ming Dynastys top is roughly round,while the Qing Dynastys Mausoleums top is oval.

Today, the east side of the Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty haspreserved the site of the Dongling Mausoleum of Zhu Biao, Prince of the MingDynasty.

In ancient China, the imperial mausoleum was originally built in Fangshangof Qin and Han Dynasties. The representative mausoleum was Qinshihuang Mausoleumin Shaanxi Province. In Tang Dynasty, it was changed to the mausoleum near themountain. The representative mausoleum included Tang Qianling Mausoleum of LiZhi, Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty and Empress Wu Zetian of Shaanxi Province.In Song Dynasty, the imperial mausoleum was built in Fangshang of relativelysmall scale. In Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang initiated the mausoleum form ofBaocheng Baoding mausoleum and former dynasty and later Dynasty mausoleum.

The Ming Dynasty established its capital in 1368 and perished in 1644.There were 16 emperors before and after it. Except for the Ming XiaolingMausoleum in Nanjing, the rest of the mausoleums were in Beijing. Only JianwenEmperor Zhu Yunwen had no mausoleum. Many tombs of the Ming Dynasty have left uscountless places to watch.

As the remains of Chinese culture, ancient Chinese mausoleums have leftimportant material materials for later generations to study and understandancient Chinese economy and culture. Dear tourist friends, todays visit iscoming to an end. Thank you for your cooperation in my tour guide work. Welcometo visit Ming Xiaoling again!

Shiyan is built and prospered by cars. It is not only the hometown ofDongfeng Motor, the automobile city known as "Oriental Detroit", but also amountain city, tourist city and ecological garden city surrounded by beautifulmountains and waters and attractive scenery in four seasons.

Shiyan has a long history and splendid culture. This is an importantbirthplace of the Chinese nation. In 1991, archaeologists excavated two completeskulls of Australopithecus in Quyuan River, Yunxian County, and named them"Yunxian people". Anthropologists believe that this discovery fills a gap in the"chain" of human development in Asia, and is listed as the first of the "top tenarchaeological discoveries in the world" at that time. Todays urban area wasnamed Shiyan in the Qing Dynasty because people dammed the Baier River and theZhihe river for irrigation. This is the birthplace of Taoism and "Wudangboxing". Wudang Taoism has a history of more than one thousand years. Wudangancient buildings have been listed in the world cultural heritage list by theUnited Nations.

Shiyan City, located in the northwest of Hubei Province, governs fivecounties, one city, two districts and one economic and Technological DevelopmentZone, namely Yun County, Yunxi County, Zhushan County, Zhuxi County, FangCounty, Zhangwan District, Maojian District, Danjiangkou City and Bailangeconomic and Technological Development Zone. Shiyan City is not only a car citybuilt, prospered and famous for cars, but also a mountain city and tourist citysurrounded by beautiful mountains and waters and charming scenery in fourseasons. It is the central city of the adjacent areas of Hubei, Henan, Sichuan,Shaanxi and Chongqing.

This is an important birthplace of the Chinese nation. In 1991,archaeologists excavated two complete skulls of Australopithecus in QuyuanRiver, Yunxian County, and named them "Yunxian people". Anthropologists believethat this discovery fills a gap in the "chain" of human development in Asia, andis listed as the first of the "top ten archaeological discoveries in the world"at that time. Shiyan City belongs to Jiao and Yong states in Shang and ZhouDynasties; Chu state in Warring States; Changli County in Hanzhong County in Qinand Han Dynasties; Xi county in Eastern Han and Wei dynasties; Yunxiang Countyin Wudang County in Tang and Song Dynasties; Yun county was established in YuanDynasty. Todays urban area was named Shiyan in the Qing Dynasty because peopledammed the Baier River and the Zhihe river for irrigation. In 1967, in order tobuild the second automobile factory (now Dongfeng Motor Company), the state setup the Shiyan office in Yunxian County. In December 1969, the State Councilapproved the establishment of Shiyan City (county-level city), and in 1973, itwas upgraded to a provincial city. In October 1994, the former Shiyan City andYunyang District merged to form a new Shiyan City. This is the birthplace ofTaoism and "Wudang boxing". Wudang Taoism has a history of more than onethousand years. Wudang ancient buildings have been listed in the world culturalheritage list by the United Nations.

There are abundant mineral resources, including more than 50 kinds ofproven mineral deposits, such as turquoise, gold, silver, stone coal, rareearth, iron, tin, vanadium, antimony, lead, zinc, marble, asbestos, barite,uranium, potassium, molybdenum and cobalt. The theoretical reserves of waterenergy resources are 5 million KW, of which 340 kW can be developed andutilized; Fangxian County is known as the "hometown of Yaner" in China for itsabundant tea and edible fungi and high quality products. There are many kinds ofmedicinal materials, producing more than 2700 kinds of medicinal materials.Among the 363 key varieties determined by the state, there are about 235 kindsof medicinal materials in our city, known as the "natural medicine bank"; Shiyanis a shining pearl on the golden tourism line of Three Gorges - Shennongjia -Wudang Mountain - Xian. There are 25 unique scenic spots in six categories allover the city. There are Wudang Mountain, the holy land of Taoism, Yunxian apeman site and dinosaur egg fossil group, Danjiangkou reservoir, the firstman-made lake in Asia, and the newly developed lake The present skeleton fossilsof ornithopods.

Shiyan is a tourist attraction. It is a bright pearl on the golden tourismline of "Three Gorges of the Yangtze River Shennongjia Gulongzhong WudangMountain Danjiangkou Reservoir ancient city Xian". There are Wudang Mountain, aTaoist Holy Land listed in the world cultural heritage list and awarded thetitle of 4A tourist area, Danjiangkou reservoir, known as Asias firstartificial lake, Yunxian ape man site, dinosaur egg fossil group and dinosauregg fossils Dinosaur skeleton fossil is a rare dinosaur hometown in the world.There are hot springs, waterfalls, Tianchi, canyons, caves, virgin forests andmodern automobile cities. Shiyan, a place with no severe cold in winter, nointense heat in summer, no strong wind in four seasons, beautiful mountains andpleasant scenery, is a treasure land of geomantic omen.

Shiyan is the source of South to north water diversion. Danjiangkoureservoir, located in Shiyan, is the water source area and water intake of theMiddle Route Project of South to north water diversion. The Middle Route Projectof South-to-North Water Diversion directly supplies water to Beijing, Tianjin,Hebei and Henan provinces, with an annual water diversion of 13 billion cubicmeters. The construction of the middle route of the south to North WaterDiversion Project will make Shiyan the "water capital of the world, Tianchi ofAsia" and bring new development opportunities to Shiyan.

Shiyan is an ecological barrier. Because of the intersection of Qinling andBashan mountains in Shiyan, it forms the geographical boundary of the climatebetween the north and the south of China. Therefore, Shiyan is an ecologicalregulator and the ecological heart of China.

“各位游客，我们已经到了富春江的中下游，就让我们在这里畅游一番吧。”我知道，我第一次的导游解说开始了。

富春江的景由水与山组成，站在各个角度看，人的感受是不同的。站在山的最高峰，一览无余。这样，才能体验到“一览众山小”的霸气。山，峰峦如聚，各具特色。横看，有排山倒海之势;侧之，给人以天崩地裂之感，此为山也。水有水的魅力。西湖的水是宁静的岁，洞庭的水是清澈的水，而富春江水正是具备了两者的长处。水，气势平缓之处如平地，则心如明镜;气势澎湃之处如鲸波巨浪，翻江倒海的气势自古无人不为之惊叹。总而言之，富春江的独一无二的山水会让大家的旅行过得愉快而富有意义。

北京颐和园英文导游辞

The tour will take 4-6 hours. The route is as follows:

Out side the East Gate-side the East Gate –in front of the Hall of benevolence and Longevity- in front of Garden of Virtuous Harmony-in front of the Grand Theater Building- a lakeside walk from the Garden of Virtuous Harmony to the Hall o Jade Ripples- in front of the o Jade Ripples- in front of the Yiyunguan (Chamber of Mortal Being)-Hall of happiness and longevity- in front of the Yaoyue (Chamber of Mortal Beings)-Hall of Happiness and Longevity-in front of the Yaoyue(Inviting the Moon ) Gate of the Long Corridor- strolling along the Long Corridor- visiting an exhibition of cultural relics- in front of the Hall of Dispelling Clouds- inside the Hall of Dispelling Clouds- atop the Tower of Buddhist Incense- on a hilltop leading from the back door of the Tower of Buddhist Incense- on a hilltop leading from the back door of the Tower of Buddhist Incense- inside the Garden of Harmonious Interest –outside the south gate to Suzhou Shopping Street- atop the stone bridge inside the Suzhou shopping street –on the road from the south gate of suzhou shopping street- on the road form the south gate of suzhou shopping street to the marble boat- in front of the ruins of the Garden of complete spring –along the lakeside by the marble boat-boating on the Kunming Lake-leaving out through the East Gate.

(Out side the east gate)

Ladies and Gentlemen: Welcome to the Summer Palace. (After the self-introduction of the guide -interpreter) I hope this will be an interesting and enjoyable day for you .

During our tour, you will be introduced to time honored historical and cultural traditions, as well as picturesque views and landscapes.

The construction of the Summer Palace first started in 1750. At that time, the Qing Dynasty was in its heyday and China was a powerful Asian country with vast territories. The monarch in power then was Emperor Qianlong. With supreme power and large sums of money, he summoned skillful and ingenious artisans from all over the country to carry out this construction work in honor of his mother `s birthday. After 15 years and one seventh of the nation` s annual revenue spent, the Garden of Clear Ripples was completed and served as a testimony to China` s scientific and technological achievements. In 1860, this vast royal garden was burnt down along with the Yuanming Yuan (Garden of Perfection and Brightness) by Angol-French allied forces. In 1888, Empress Dowager Cixi reconstructed the garden on the same site and renamed it the Garden of Nurtured Harmony (Summer Palace). Characterized by its vast scope and rich cultural embodiments, the Summer Palace has become one of the most famous tourist sites in the world.

This is the main entrance to the Summer Palace-the East Gate On top of the eaves of the door there is a plaque bearing a Chinese inscription which means “Garden of Nurtured Harmony” , whose calligrapher was Emperor Guangxu. The gate that you are now entering was used exclusively by the emperor, the empress and the queer mother. All others used the side doors.

(Inside the East Gate)

the Summer Palace can be divided into two parts: Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake .The whole garden covers an area of 290 hectares, of whih three- fourths consists of a lake and rivers .This imperial garden features 3,000 room-units and covers an expanse of 70,000 square meters with more than 100 picturesque spots of interest. The layout of the Summer Palace includes three groups of architectures: palaces where the emperor attended to state affairs, resting palaces of the emperor and empress, and sightseeing areas. Entering the East Gate we will come the the office quarters. Entering the East gate we will come to the office quarters. The annex halls on both sides were used for officials on duty.

This is the Gate of Benevolence and Longevity. Above the door there is a plaque bearing the same name in both Chinese and Manchurian characters. The gigantic rock in the foreground is known as Taihu rock, or eroded limestone, quarried in Jiangsu Province and placed here to decorated the garden.

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导游词——介绍峨眉山

尊敬的游客们,今天请随我一起去看看大家向往已久的峨眉山.

峨眉山是我国的四大佛教名山之一，位于四川中南部，她高出五岳，秀甲天下。在我国的游览名山中，峨眉山可以说是最高的一个，最高峰万佛顶海拔3099米。山体南北方向延伸，绵延23公里，面积115平方公里。长久以来，峨眉山以其秀丽的自然风光和神话般的佛教胜迹而闻名于世。她古雅神奇，巍峨媚丽。其山脉绵亘曲折、千岩万壑、瀑布溪流、奇秀清... 峨眉山不仅以秀丽的景色名扬四海,更以她那日出、云海、佛光、圣灯等使峨眉山久盛不衰.

兰亭位于绍兴古城西南约13公里处的兰渚山下，因王羲之等人曾在此雅集，留下一篇著名的《兰亭序》而出名。兰亭地方不大，但景色非常雅致。鹅池碑、兰亭碑、曲水流觞、御碑亭是这里的主要景观。

过了检票处不远就会看到写有草书“鹅池”的石碑，相传“鹅”字由王羲之所写，显得娟秀挺拔，而“池”字却较为粗旷、豪迈奔放，是儿子王献之所写，这块碑也因此被称为“父子碑”。来到这里的游客，几乎都会在这里拍照。传说王羲之很喜欢鹅，现在兰亭的鹅池里也养了几只白净的鹅。

鹅池北岸即是兰亭碑亭，碑上的“兰亭”两字是康熙皇帝的御笔。兰亭碑旁边就是曲水流觞的区域，曲水流觞简单的说可以理解为现在的行酒令，有人在曲水的上游，放上一只盛酒的杯子，酒杯有荷叶托着顺水流漂行，到谁处停下，谁就得赋诗一首，作不出者罚酒一杯。当年王羲之便是趁着酒兴，挥笔成就了被誉为“天下第一行书”的《兰亭序》。当今很多游人来到这里，兴致勃勃地用塑料杯子，盛上饮料，放在曲水里“流觞”，体味当年曲水邀欢的情趣。

右军祠是纪念王羲之的祠堂，祠堂四面环荷花池，是康熙年间所建，这里主要看不同模仿版本的《兰亭序》。继续往西走，可以看到御碑亭，碑的正面是康熙皇帝所临写的《兰亭集序》全文，背面是乾隆皇帝游兰亭时即兴所作的一首七律诗《兰亭即事诗》，祖孙两代皇帝同书一碑，所以又称祖孙碑。祖孙两代皇帝同刻一碑，这是全国独一无二的，也是兰亭的镇亭之宝。

御碑亭背后还有十八口水缸，游人可以在此用毛笔蘸水在石桌上写字，体验当年王献之学字的场景。另外，景区西北有兰亭书法博物馆、兰亭瓷砚艺术馆，展出了不少书法作品和各种各样的砚台，感兴趣的话，不妨前往参观。

阿里山位于阿里山在台湾省嘉义县东北，属于玉山山脉的支脉，由地跨南投、嘉义二县，是大武恋山、尖山、祝山、塔山等十八座山的总称，主峰塔山海拔二千六百多公尺，东面靠近中国台湾最高峰玉山。

阿里山空间距离仅十五公里，但由山下一层一层盘旋绕上山顶的铁路，竟长达七十二公里，连通各森林区的支线，总长度有一千多公里。沿途有八十二条隧道，最长的达一千三百公尺。火车穿过热、亚热、温、寒四带迥异的森林区。通阿里山的铁路可与“阿里四景”(日出、云海、晚霞、森林)合称“五奇”。铁路全长72公里，却由海拔30米上升到2450米，坡度之大举世罕见。火车从山脚登峰，似沿“螺旋梯”盘旋而上，绕山跨谷钻隧洞，鸟雀在火车轮下飞翔。登山途中，从高大挺拔的桉树、椰子树、槟榔树等热带古木，到四季常绿的樟、楠、槠、榉等亚热带阔叶树，再到茂密的红桧、扁柏、亚极和姬松等温带针叶树，到了3000米以上，则是以冷极为主的寒带林了。最有特色的树是阿里山的阿里山神木，不过在民国86年7月1日上午10时5分，1/3已伏于在铁路上，另2/3被撑着。民国87年6月29日已将2/3放倒安息，回归自然。

济南三大名胜之一的大明湖，被誉为泉城明珠。古今名士来此观光，无不折服，即景生情，留下许多脍炙人口的楹联诗文，或镌于碑碣坊柱，或悬于楼台亭阁，或嵌于殿堂庭院。当你品读这些楹联诗文后，定会对济南博大精深的文化内涵有更深刻的理解。

就志书所载和现已悬挂的来看，大明湖楹联就有100余副，以清朝、民国、当代为多，其他各代也有，但多为集句。这些楹联品位颇高，多出自大家之手，诸如清初文坛盟主王士祯，乾隆进士书法家铁保，翰林院编修刘凤诰，楹联大家梁章钜，著名书画家郑板桥，乾隆进士孙星衍，著名书法家何绍基，道光进士紫阳院院长俞樾，《老残游记》作者刘鹗，以及当代书法家于右任、文学家郭沫若、诗人臧克家等。

大明湖楹联多为园林风景名胜楹联，联文大有诗情画意、飘逸安闲之感，与典雅别致的园林风格相吻合。同时，大都运用与胜迹相关的历史故实，写景喻今，颇富哲理，给人启迪。其中，小沧浪亭院内西廊，嵌有石刻楹联一副，曰“四面荷花三面柳，一城山色半城湖”，尤被人称颂。此联正如刘鹗所讲，“尽画了大明湖的绝景”。“和风飞清响，时鸟多好音”一联，原挂在遐园内竹篱小门上，行书木刻，国民党元老于右任撰书，意境鲜活，韵味无穷。历下亭为历代骚客雅聚之地，所留楹联甚多，原亭悬联：“胜景画图开，忆老杜当年，豪气纵横倾北海;酒痕襟袖满，自杭州至此，风光明媚似西湖”。此联既凭吊了古人，又赞美了大明湖的风光。大明湖北岸的北极阁居高临下，远山近水，一览无余。阁内曾挂一联：“出门一瞧，数十里图画屏风，请看些梵宇僧楼，与丹枫翠柏相间，红的火红，白的雪白，青的靛青，绿的碧绿;归台再想，几千年江山人物，回溯那朱门黄阁，和茅屋蓬扉接壤，名者争名，利者争利，圣者益圣，庸者愈庸”。此联既描写了远近风景，又抒发了作者对大千世界、人生历程的感叹。

大明湖还有不少的祠庙联。这些楹联以简洁中肯的文字，概括了祠主人的功过、业绩及历史地位。铁公祠，用以祭祀明朝兵部尚书铁铉，原悬联：“功让王文成，河山再造：祠比于忠肃，湖水双清。”王文成即明朝两广总督王守仁，于忠肃即明朝著名将领于谦。南丰祠，为纪念北宋齐州(济南)知州曾巩而建，祠堂悬联：“北宋一灯传作者，南丰两字属先生”。此联主要写曾巩的文学成就，将其喻为文学之灯，甚为贴切。稼轩祠，纪念南宋爱国词人、抗金英雄辛弃疾，郭沫若为祠堂写了楹联：“铁板铜琶，继东坡高唱大江东去;美芹悲黍，冀南宋莫随鸿雁南飞”，写出了辛弃疾的词风及政治抱负。

要说大明湖碑刻，数量之多，品位之高，堪与楹联媲美，从明朝至今即有100余方，其碑文书法不乏大家之作。碑文体裁有诗词、游记、散文、序言，书体包括真、草、隶、篆，内容或赞美风光、或怀古凭吊、或感叹人生。至于书家更是高手如林，如清乾隆皇帝，乾隆年间进士铁保，道光年间进士何绍基，清末洋务派首领张之洞，以及当代开国领袖毛泽东，文学大家郭沫若，原全国书法家协会主席启功，著名书法家欧阳中石、魏启后等。

就大明湖碑刻整体来看，多为精品。如镶嵌在遐园内的诸葛亮前后《出师表》尤惹人注目。岳飞手书，字为形草，潇洒狂放。《表》后有跋，讲了书写时的心情，游人观之，甚觉戚戚然。历下亭北侧“名士轩”内东壁上，还嵌有何绍基手书诗刻。何绍基咸丰年间主持济南“泺源书院”，在济期间遍游山水名胜，留墨迹甚多，此刻便是其中一方，被济南书法界誉称为精品。新中国成立后，大明湖也镌有不少石刻，最著名者为毛泽东诗碑。它矗立在西南门内，作为迎门屏障，碑阳为词《采桑子·重阳》，碑阴是诗《为李进同志题所摄庐山仙人洞照》，笔势遒劲，气势恢宏，给明湖增色不少。自20xx年大明湖扩建以来，新增碑刻集全国书法家之精品，更是洋洋大观。

“东方之珠”香港导游词

各位游客，我们现在已经来到了著名的“东方之珠”——香港。香港是我国通向世界的南大门，这里有迷人的沙滩、著名的公园和繁华的街市。

瞧，这里就是浅水湾。浅水湾浪平沙细、阳光和煦，是旅游、度假的好地方。每逢节假日，人们都喜欢结伴来到这里，漫步在金色的沙滩上，沐浴着轻柔的海风，倾听着浪涛拍岸的声响，享受着一份舒服和惬意。

来到香港，就一定不能不去举世闻名的海洋公园看一看。这里的海洋剧场，经常聚集着许多观赏海豚、海狮精彩表演的游客。看，在碧波荡漾的人工湖上，几只海豚和海狮正在表演节目。它们有的顶球，有的钻圈，有的举重，有的嬉水跳跃，一定会把你逗得开怀大笑的。

铜锣湾是全港三大闹市口之一。摩天大厦鳞次栉比，商店里的各种商品琳琅满目，宽阔的街道上人流如潮。

一到夜晚，整个香港就成了灯的海洋。港湾里闪耀的灯光，像五颜六色的焰火溅落人间。马路上一串串明亮的车灯，如同闪光的长河奔流不息。

游客们，香港真不愧一颗无比璀璨的“东方之珠”啊！但是你们知道吗？这颗明珠曾经有过许多年的屈辱历史，直到1997年7月1日才回到了祖国母亲的怀抱。让我们共同祝愿，我们伟大的香港永远和平，永远繁荣昌盛！

精选5篇陕西著名景点导游词

陕西省地势呈南北高、中间低，由高原、山地、平原和盆地等多种地貌构成，其中黄土高原占全省土地面积的40%，地跨黄河、长江两大水系，横跨三个气候带，陕北北部长城沿线属中温带季风气候，关中及陕北大部属暖温带季风气候，陕南属北亚热带季风气候。下面是小编收集整理的精选5篇陕西著名景点导游词范文，欢迎借鉴参考。

精选5篇陕西著名景点导游词(一)

女士们，先生们，早上好

我叫，是西安中国国际旅行社的英文导游。我的司机师傅叫，车号：，他的车开的很好。今天为大家导游，很高兴和大家在一起度过这愉快的一天。我干导游工作已二十年了，我喜欢导游工作，我将尽我的努力为大家服务，有什么地方讲不清楚，欢迎大家随时提问。今天我们去游骊山，骊山是自然景观与人文景观高度结合的旅游胜地，它以独特的自然景观丰富的历史遗址在方圆二十里的范围之内如此集中如此绚丽多彩，非但在中国，就是在全世界也是绝无仅有的。“游骊山胜景，观中华古今”确实当之无愧。整个旅程需要三个小时，祝大家旅途愉快

二.沿途导游

从西安市去骊山风景区三十公里，大约需要四十分钟，沿途要经过很多值得一看的地方，中国有句俗话叫“走马观花”，我们现在是走车观花。

请诸位看看北边那一排高十二米的西安城墙，这城墙非但是中国，也是世界至今仍保存完好的古城墙。它建于十四世纪中期。1368年朱元璋建立大明王朝，定都南京，封他第二子朱樉为秦王坐阵西安。秦王特烧大砖，修建了它，包括东南西北四座城门楼和城中的钟，鼓楼。城墙周长十二公里，城墙上宽12—14米，可以十马并行，费时八年方才完工。城外有宽约二十米护城河围绕，城上女墙上有炮楼，床子驽等守城利器。从大明王朝至大清王朝五百余年，它从未在战争中被攻下过。这些年一些电影、电视剧涉及古代攻城战守的场面，好多都是在这里取景拍摄的。

现在我们走的这条路叫咸宁路，靠我们左边，那林木丛生栏杆围绕的地方，便是西安市最大的公园-----兴庆公园，兴庆公园旧址是大唐王朝兴庆宫所在。唐王朝的京城长安便是今天的西安，城周百余里，比今西安城要大七倍，是当时世界上最大的城市。兴庆宫是唐朝黄帝专门闲乐的大行宫，唐玄宗和杨贵妃便在这里住过很久，大诗人李白还为她写过有名的赞美诗《清平调》三首：云想衣裳花想容，春风拂槛露华浓。若非群玉山头见，会向瑶台月下逢。一枝红艳露凝香，云雨巫山枉断肠。借问汉宫谁得似，可怜飞燕倚新妆。名花倾国两相欢，长得君王带笑看。解释春风无限恨，沉香亭北倚栏杆。兴庆宫的南面为西安交通大学，学生们常喜欢清静，来这里读书和复习功课。

现在我们的汽车在西安东二环路行驶，随着我国经济体制改革对外开放以来，西安和全国各大城市一样，各行各业都有了很大的发展，一幢幢大楼拔地而起，一条条大道陆续建成，除了正在修建的高速公路，一级公路外，，三环(第三环城路)以列入开铺计划之中。

精选5篇陕西著名景点导游词(二)

各位游客

现在我们就来到了有“关中塔庙之祖”之美誉的法门寺，我们现

在站的这个地方呢就是法门寺文化景区的山门广场，这里地处扶风县城北10公里的法门镇，东距西安市有120公里，西距宝鸡市有96公里。

近几年啊，陕西政府致力于把法门寺打造成一个名副其实的世界佛都，使法门寺成为继兵马俑之后的：“陕西第二个文化符号”。法门寺文化景区由山门广场、佛光大道、法门寺院、合十舍利塔、以及众多艺术佛像、园林雕塑等及部分组成，全面的展示佛文化在哲学、政治、艺术等方面的成就，彰显了中华民族灿烂的历史文化。现在我们面前的就是法门寺的山门，山门也被称为“三门”，大家可以看到这

三个门中间大两边小，中间的是空门，两边分别是无作门和无相门， 我们一般把出家称作步入空门，大概由此而来。

法门寺自古就因安置有释迦摩尼的佛指舍利而著名于世，所以法

门寺也是因舍利而建塔，因塔而成寺。公元前485年，释迦摩尼灭度，印度摩揭陀国孔雀王朝阿育王统一印度，为了弘扬佛法，他命人将佛骨分为八万四千分，分藏于世界各个地方，并建有八万四千坐塔，中国有19做佛指舍利塔，法门寺使其中的第五座，距今已经有1700多年的历史了。在北魏建塔使被称为阿育王寺，隋朝改名为成宝寺，唐高祖李渊改名为法门寺。在唐朝200多年间，先后有8位皇帝7次掘开地宫6迎2送佛指舍利，每次迎送都声势浩大，轰动朝野，皇帝顶礼膜拜，等级之高，绝无仅有。在唐代宗时法门寺塔被成为护国“真身宝塔”，由此可见法门寺在唐朝时期是多么的繁荣。但是在明清之后，法门寺逐渐衰落。

明龙庆年间，历经数百年历史的唐代四级木塔崩塌，后来地方绅士捐资修塔，历经30年修建了一座8棱13级砖塔，但是在清朝时因地震而倾斜裂缝，1939年，在爱国人士朱子桥先生的主持下，完成了明朝晚期时候的最大规模的修缮。但是1981年塔又崩塌了一半，85年当地政府准备重建，87年在清理塔基时意外的发现了地宫。在沉寂了1120xx年之后，2999件大量大唐国宝重器，簇拥着佛祖真身指骨舍利重回人间，地宫内出土的稀世珍宝，不论在中国社会政治史、文化史、科技史、中外交流史、美术史等各个方面的研究上，都具有极其重要的价值。下面就让我们去地宫瞻仰一下佛指舍利。 法门寺地宫是世界上目前发现的年代最久远、规模最大、等级最高的佛塔地宫。 地宫出土的佛指舍利，是世界上目前发现的有文献记载和碑文证实的释迦摩尼佛真身舍利，是佛教世界的最高圣物。佛指舍利有4枚，其中第三枚是灵骨，其余三枚为影骨，灵骨即释迦摩尼的真身佛指，其余三枚是唐皇帝为了保护灵骨而命人仿制的。 地宫出土的27000多枚钱币中，13枚玳瑁开元通宝是世界上目前发现的最早的、绝无仅有的玳瑁币。地宫出土的13件宫廷秘色瓷，是世界上目前发现最早，并有碑文证实的秘色瓷器，秘色瓷专为皇室烧制，为青瓷的一种，由于工艺复杂 配方秘而不宣，被称为秘色瓷。 地宫出土的双轮12环

大锡杖，是目前世界上发现的年代最早、体型最大、等级最高、制作最精美的佛教法器。那么我刚才所说的这些稀世珍宝，有的刚才大家已经瞻仰，还有的被珍藏在旁边的法门寺博物馆中，我们一起去看看吧。

从地宫出来，前面就是法门寺的合十舍利塔了，此塔历时3年建成，塔高148米，大家可以看到此塔造型如合十的双手，中间镂空的部分是不是很像一个唐朝传统形式的塔呢?那我们刚才走过的这条宽阔的道路就是佛光大道。佛光大道全长1230米，宽108米面积约14万平方米，是一条成佛之道，也是景区的景观主轴。佛光大道的两头连接着可以容纳10万人山门广场和朝圣广场。我们将山门比喻为此岸，也就是现在的世界，佛光大道接引众生到达彼岸、也就是指合十舍利塔，(佛国)。

现在我们就来到了法门寺博物馆，博物馆有4个陈列室组成： 法门寺历史陈列、法门寺佛教文化陈列、法门寺唐曼陀罗文化陈列和法门寺大唐珍宝陈列。

法门寺历史陈列管中主要向人们展示了了法门寺建寺历史由因，以及各个历史朝代对法门寺进行修建的历史实物

在法门寺大唐珍宝陈列馆中，有国宝级文物44件，一级文物99件，它是陕西88个博物馆中国宝级文物比例最大的一个博物馆，大家在这里就可以看到我刚才提到的秘色瓷，还可以看到唐代丝织品中的珍品：簇金绣，簇金绣就是指用金丝盘结成花朵的问纹饰在固定到丝绸的上面。丝绸一般不易保存，很多都风化了，那么簇金绣的珍贵之处第一就在于它保存的完好如新，第二就是它的制作工艺了，现在世界上这种金丝在日本有20丝，中国只有70丝，但是在古老的唐朝这种拉丝技术已经达到了6丝。

接下来我们去珍宝阁参观一下。其中有我刚才提到的4鼓12环的锡杖之王。所谓锡杖，其实他并不是用锡制成的，而是摇这个锡杖的时候会发出淅淅的响声，这枚锡杖用2两金子和58两银子制成，在佛教中代表最高法力。

好了 出了珍宝阁，我们此次的法门寺之旅也接近尾声了，希望我的讲解能给大家留下美好的回忆。

精选5篇陕西著名景点导游词(三)

各位朋友,大家好!

今天是个天气晴朗的大好日子，我们将用2个小时的时间，沿着关中道西行135公里，依次经过西安市、咸阳市、兴平市、周至县、杨陵农业城、眉县，最后抵达太白山，进行旅游观光活动。旅游观光活动将持续7个小时左右，午餐在太白山用，晚餐我们返回西安用。我今天会和大家一起努力，带大家游览好有“关中八景”之称的太白山，请大家多多配合，如有问题或意见，不用客气，请大家及时指出来。

概况

先介绍一下太白山名称的来历。有两种主要说法。其一与陕西方言有关，“太白积雪六月天”是有名的关中八景之一，太白山山顶6月积雪，在6月炎阳的高照下，皑皑白雪反射阳光成缕缕银光四射，很好看、很漂亮、很白。陕西的关中一带，用方言说很白很白，就是白得很、白得太太、太白咧，人们长期叫起来，最后就把它叫做太白山。其二跟一个传说有关。相传关中一带在远古的时候就是一块富饶美丽的地方，土地肥沃、气候温和、雨量充足。这样好的一块地方被远方的一条恶龙看中了，恶龙想霸占，太白金星看到后，就和这条恶龙大战9天9夜，终于赶跑了恶龙，但是他还是不放心，要永远守候在这里，最后太白金星的身躯当真变化成一座巍峨的高山，直插云霄，所以这座山就被称做太白山。

提起 “太白”二字，人们不免想起唐代大诗人李白李太白，李太白的名字是否和太白山有关系不得而知。但太白山从古至今就是诗人、名僧、文豪的游览之地，李白就有一首“登太白峰”的诗写道：“酉上太白峰，夕阳穷攀登……举手可近日，前行若无山……”的壮丽诗篇，表现了诗人对太白山的赞美和热爱。今天我们就沿着诗人的足迹前去观赏太白山。

现在简单介绍一下太白山的情况。太白山是秦岭的主峰，高3767米，大家可能都知道秦岭是中国南北的分界线，我们平常所说的南方人、北方人就是以此为界;秦岭也是中国两大水系长江水系和黄河水系的分水岭;也是中国主要稻米生产区和小麦生产区的分界线;也是面食区和米饭区的主要分界线。南方人多吃米、多吃鱼、多吃菜，聪明、细腻;北方人多吃面，生性耿直、厚道。所以我们沿途多见到的是小麦地。太白山处在我国中部，从山麓至山顶，相对高差很大，动植物都有明显的垂直分布规律，当地人生动地称之为“高二丈，不一样”。白居易有诗为：“人间四月芳菲尽，山寺桃花始盛开”，从这些谚语和诗词中亦能反映出来这些特征。我们今天攀登太白山，随着我们的攀登、位移，自然景观会不断地变化，最下面有侧柏林景观，到达2200米时，就是松枥林，再向上还有桦木林、冷杉林等，最后还有落叶松林和高山苔原景观带。但是最上边气候瞬息万变，忽阴、忽晴、忽雾、忽雨、忽大风，忽冰雹，变幻莫测，很是神秘，很多人迷路、遇险都在此处，但是今天大家不要怕，紧跟着我走，不要离队。

太白山

现在已经抵达太白山，大家跟随我依次攀登，沿途会有很多文化遗存，也有很多名胜奇景，我会一一讲解给大家听。前面这个池子叫三官池，池水清澈见底，是当地群众祈雨之地，非常灵验，如果你们那儿雨少受旱，也可祈点雨带回去，但是每次祈雨一定要到这里来。我们前边这座山峰名叫万勿山，群壑排列似牙勿，所以称此名，中间最高的那一处山峰挺秀峻拔、耸人云霄，故名日独秀峰。前边儿处地方叫二仙水、望仙岭、冲天岭、分水岭、观云海等。

我先简要介绍一下太白湫泉，大家想必看过电视纪录片太白大爷海潜水探险的片子吧?!两位潜水勇士从结冰的湖面潜入了我国内地海拔最高的高山湖泊—— 三太白池 (海)里，捞了一块珍贵石头，供地质研究，创造了潜水史上的一个壮举，捞出来的这块石头，更是珍贵，对太白山的形成等有很大的科研价值。其实，太白山处处都是宝，如果大家今天运气好的话，还会碰到很珍贵很珍贵的东西，动物方面有大熊猫、金丝猴、扭角羚、锦鸡、太阳鸟等，碰到的话千万不要打扰它们，因为在这儿我们是客，它们才是这儿真正的主人。中草药方面有很多名贵药材，比如:太白贝母、雪山一枝花、手掌参、天麻等，不过我们不认识，千万不能乱采。这里许多植物是有毒的，千万小心。如果我们团里有懂地质的人，千万不要错过机会，这里有引人入胜的第四纪末期的冰川遗迹，有冰斗、角峰、冰川湖、幽谷、羊背石等。

已经到山顶了，这个平台叫拔仙台，是第四纪冰川遗迹的一个角峰，如果天气好的话，我们可以俯瞰北边滔滔之渭水，壮观至极。我们现在看到的这个湖，就是大爷海 (大太白海)，另外还有二爷海 (二太白海)、三爷海 (三太白海)、玉皇池、明星池等，分布如串珠，保存完整，水寒如冰，水稳如镜，清澈碧蓝，岩影波光，绣丽动人。白云蓝天映人湖面，随风变幻，景致万千，大家好好感受一下这心旷神怡的感觉吧。

大家登山的途中看到许多老太太拿着馒头、黄纸和香登山，虽然登得很吃力，但从不泄气，为什么呢?因为当地人认为太白山是一座神山，如果身体有病想康复，想发财，想要男孩，想要夫妻和睦，都可到沿途庙宇中烧香许愿，据说非常灵验。大家如果有什么要祈求，烧香不烧香无所谓，只要心诚祈求就行，这就是平常所说的“心诚则灵”，太白山也会祝谍它的人幸福安康，永伴终生!

精选5篇陕西著名景点导游词(四)

各位贵宾：

大家好，欢迎大家到华山旅游!

我是西安神奇旅行社的导游林蕊，大家我小林就可以，有幸成为大家的导游，我非常高兴，俗话说十年修的同船渡，百年修的共枕眠，估计已经修了50年我们才能同游华山，希望在小林的带领下，华山能给大家留下美好的回忆!

首先我要讲一下注意事项：

第一点：我们今天要参观的华山是以险峻著称天下，一定要注意安全。最主要是记住走路不看景，看景不走路。不要翻阅护拦，不要到悬崖边等危险的地方去游览或者照相。不要刻意的追求摄影家的效果。带小孩子的游客，一定要把孩子看好。

第二点：大家要注意集合时间，地点，以免耽搁行程。记住我的电话[1]，随时保持联系。华山的除了黄埔峪旅游进山公路30分钟没有信号外，基本都有信号，有的地方信号好点，有的要差点的。

现在我给大家说说华山的概况。华山是秦岭山脉的一部分，形成于距今7亿年前，俗称“西岳”。汉武帝把地处五个方位的山封为神山，华山地处西方，故名“西岳”。古代还为这5大名山对应了中国古代的五行就是金木水火土，华山在西方，属金，华山的形状刚好象是一个金元宝，到了华山北峰我让大家在金庸华山论剑的地方和华山这个元宝合影。

华山得名北魏地理学家俪道元《水经注》里所说是因为远而望之，有若花状，古代花和华通用，故名华山!

1996年华山的缆车的通车，结束了自古华山一条路的历史，我们今天就是乘坐缆车登山。我们先要换乘华山进山专线车进山，我们现在车子行驶的是黄埔峪旅游专线公路，大家有没有看过电影《智取华山》这就是当年的寻找向导之路，从检票处到华山索道的黄埔峪旅游公路全长7.66公里，花费20xx万人民币。相传春秋战国时期名医黄卢子曾经在这里隐居修炼。黄卢子能唤黄龙潭中黄龙上天耕云播雨，解除百姓之苦。给人看病，千里之外，只要告诉他病人姓名，就可以开出药方解除病痛。

现在我们大家乘坐缆车上山，缆车是新加坡三特公司投资8000万人民币，采用的奥地利的设备，全长1525米，落差760米。一个缆车挂兜可以乘坐6个人。

现在我们上了缆车就到华山的北峰，缆车下面的那条路就是智取华山路，现在是一条便道。1949年华山解放了，胡宗南保安6旅的旅长韩子佩带领县乡民团400多人占山为王，我们解放军从正面根本打不上去，绕道后山，奇袭成功，根据这一事件拍的电影就叫做《奇袭华山》，后来周总理看了，说这件事情充分的表现了解放军的智勇双全，后来就改名《智取华山》。

我们现在可不要走平坦的路上北峰智取华山纪念亭，我们走智取华山路，也就是那边的步行路一部分，我要看看大家有没有恐高症，可不可以上华山的苍龙岭等的线路，他和其他路的坡度差不多，但是要短的多，你的身体如果适合爬山那我就让你去，连这里都征服不了，那上了北峰拍张照片我就要劝你下山了。

上山要走直线，感受华山的险，俗话说上山容易下山难，下山要走之字型的路，安全容易掌握身体平衡。

到了北峰我们先穿过北峰饭店，可不要太着急，北峰饭店有张华山的地图，我要给大家讲讲，一会上山的时候可能就走散了，我们要先熟悉一下地形才能够征服华山呀!

这里就是看地图的位置，大家先不要着急，先不要看地图，两个屋檐之间看华山的东峰

象一个秃头的老鹰，那里售日出的最佳地点，一早挤满了游人，又称朝阳峰。旁边的哪个就是西峰，直直的，好象刀削的一样，在智取华山的电影里，是敌军指挥部。也是神话传说《宝莲灯》的发生地。

现在我们大家转身过来看这个地图，看看华山顶部，是不是象个元宝。两边的突起就是东西二峰，中间突起就是华山的最高峰南峰，是传说中的武林高手比武论剑的地方，还有华山第一险长空栈道。

我们所处的位置就是北峰，经过擦耳岩，天梯御道就到了苍龙岭，过了苍龙岭就是五云峰金锁关。金锁关就是上面的四个峰东.西.南.中峰的必经之路。到了那里你可以决定去看任何一个峰，也可以顺道把四个峰都逛完。

我们是从黄埔峪进上来的，另外一条路叫做自古华山一条路。大家跟我再上几个台阶就可以看见自古华山一条路了。

大家现在往下面看，下面的羊肠小路就是从前上华山的毕竟之路了，从山脚走到北峰，大概要三四个小时呢!

再往上走就是鲤鱼嘴，马上就到北峰最高处了，有两条路可以上去，鱼背叫做步步高升路，有惊无险，鱼嘴叫做连年有余路，非常平坦。大家可以自由选择。

现在就到了北峰极顶，金庸先生20xx年曾经在这里华山论剑，他在他的小说里多次提到华山，可给华山的宣传立下了汗马功劳呀。同时这里也是拍摄华山全景的最佳位置，给大家留点自由活动时间，一会们一起去爬苍龙岭!

精选5篇陕西著名景点导游词(五)

来到大唐芙蓉园，我们就不能不先讲到西安曲江旅游度假区。西安曲江旅游度假区是省级旅游度假区，它集游览、观光、度假、游乐、商贸、别墅为一体，占地面积15.88平方公里。区内风景名胜资源丰富，以雄伟壮丽的大雁塔、慈恩寺为中心，已建成的唐代艺术博物馆、唐华宾馆和唐歌舞演艺厅，显示出唐代建筑的风采;区内的植物园、盆景园、春晓园、蔷薇园、清流园等体现出长安园林的秀丽风光;国际美食城等旅游设施，为国内外游客休闲度假、娱乐、餐饮提供服务和方便。大唐芙蓉园由工程院院士、我国著名园林建筑设计大师张锦秋担任总体规划及建筑设计、由日本的世界级大师秋田宽承担园林设计。

大唐芙蓉园位于西安市曲江新区，占地1000亩，其中水面300亩，总投资13亿元，是西北地区最大的文化主题公园，建于原唐代芙蓉园遗址以北，也是中国第一个全方位展示盛唐风貌的大型皇家园林式文化主题公园。它包括紫云楼、仕女馆、御宴宫、芳林苑、凤鸣九天剧院、杏园、陆羽茶社、唐市、曲江流饮等众多景点。大唐芙蓉园在我国乃至世界历史上都创下了多项纪录：有全球最大的水景表演，是首个“五感”(即视觉、听觉、嗅觉、触觉、味觉)主题公园，它同时拥有全球最大的户外香化工程，是全国最大的仿唐皇家建筑群，集中国园林及建筑艺术之大成。

大唐芙蓉园到底有什么特色呢?首先公园里充满了唐文化色彩，里面的雕塑、诗词都是盛唐时期的代表，还有唐时期文物的复制品，都体现了“唐”的特点;其次是近8万平方米的仿唐建筑，是世界上最大的仿唐建筑群落，全部依照原建筑进行修复，而且集中了唐时期的所有建筑形式，简直就是一本完整的唐代建筑教科书;再有就是投资6000万的湖面喷泉，也是世界上最大的水幕电影;最后就是环湖广场演出——《梦回大唐》了，这个作品由著名作曲家赵季平作曲，是集歌舞、音乐、诗歌、朗诵于一体的艺术精华。

其实自古以来，曲江就拥有深厚的历史园林文化背景。曲江的历史我们可以追溯到秦时，那个时候这里就建有著名的离宫“宜春下苑”，西汉文学家司马相如在其名篇《上林赋》中，曾对曲江的自然风光作过生动描述。

隋朝国都大兴城倚曲江而建，隋文帝猜忌、多疑，又迷信风水。大兴城东南高西北低，风水倾向东南，后宫设于北侧中部，在地势上总也无法压过东南，有人提出应该采取“厌胜”的方法进行破除。如把曲江挖成深池，并隔于城外，圈占成皇家禁苑，成为帝王的游乐之地，这样就能永葆隋朝的王者之气不受威胁。好在曲江这里有曲水循环的自然形式，稍加修缮就可成为风景旖旎之所。公元583年，隋文帝正式迁入新都。隋文帝迁入新都后，觉得“曲”不吉利，于是命令其宰相高熲为这个皇家园林更换新名。有一天晚上，高熲忽然想起曲江池中的莲花盛开，异常红艳，莲花雅称芙蓉，于是将曲江更名为“芙蓉园”。经过隋初的一番改造，曲江重新以皇家园林的面貌出现在历史舞台，而且得到了一个新的名称——芙蓉园。同时它与首都大兴城紧密相连，池子下游流入城内，是城东南各坊用水来源之一。隋炀帝时代，黄衮在曲江池中雕刻各种水饰，君臣坐饮曲池之畔，享受曲江流饮，把魏晋南北朝的文人曲水流觞故事引入了宫苑之中，给曲江胜迹赋予了一种人文精神，为唐代曲江文化的形成和发展奠定了基础。

在隋朝芙蓉园的基础上，唐代扩大了曲江园林的建设规模和文化，除在芙蓉园重修紫云楼、彩霞亭、凉堂与蓬莱山之外，又开凿了大型水利工程黄渠，以扩大芙蓉池与曲江池水面，这里成为皇族、僧侣、平民汇聚盛游之地。曲江流饮、杏园关宴、雁塔题名、乐游登高等在中国古代史上烩炙人口的文坛佳话都发生在这里。唐时的曲江性质大变，成为首都长安城唯一的公共园林，达到了其发展史上最繁荣昌盛的时期，成为唐文化的荟萃之地、唐都长安的标志性区域，也奏响了中国文化的最强音。

“江头宫殿锁千门，细柳新蒲为谁绿。”唐太宗“贞观之治”后，园林建设在其后的高宗、睿宗等朝在这里开始有了较大的举动，奠定了盛唐文化繁荣的基础。唐玄宗对曲江进行了大规模扩建，使其盛况空前绝后，达到了其园林建设的顶点。在皇家禁苑芙蓉园内，玄宗修建了紫云楼、彩霞亭、临水亭、水殿、山楼、蓬莱山、凉堂等建筑，并建了从大明宫途经兴庆宫直达芙蓉园、长7960米、宽50米的夹城。经过唐玄宗的扩建，芙蓉园内宫殿连绵，楼亭起伏，曲江的园林建筑达到最高境界，各类文化活动也趋于高潮。随着唐末长安城的毁灭，其各种园林建筑也被破坏殆尽，各项文化活动逐渐沉寂下去，以至于有些最终消逝得无法追寻。曲江——平民聚集游览的公共园林区，不仅在古都西安发展史上空前绝后，而且在中国古代历史上也绝无仅有。