英语导游介绍景点的导游词(精彩20篇)

Dear tourists, the scenic spot we are going to visit is the Ming XiaolingMausoleum, which is located in Dulong, Mt. Zijin. Xiaoling Tomb of the MingDynasty is the joint Tomb of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, andhis Empress Ma Shi. Zhu Yuanzhang was born in 1328 to a poor peasant family inFengyang, Anhui Province. He joined Huangjue temple at the age of 17, joined thered scarf army of Guo Zixing at the end of the Yuan Dynasty in 1352, led thearmy to conquer Nanjing in 1356, and ascended the throne in 1368.

Xiaoling Mausoleum of Ming Dynasty was built in 1381. In 1382, it wasburied in empress Ma Shi. In 1398, it was buried here after Zhu Yuanzhang diedof illness. The project was not completed until 1413. It was named Xiaolingbecause Zhu Yuanzhang advocated "governing the world with filial piety" on theone hand, and because empress Ma was posthumously named "Xiaoci" on the other.Therefore, the tomb was called "Xiaoling" in the Ming Dynasty and "Xiaoling" inthe Qing Dynasty to show the difference between dynasties.

Relying on Zijin Mountain, the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum has a windingShinto. The mausoleum abides by the tradition of Chinese architecture, and itscentral axis is symmetrical. It is the first Mausoleum of Baocheng Baoding. Themausoleum shape of the former dynasty and the later Dynasty is the firstMausoleum of the Ming and Qing Dynasties for more than 600 years. As a nationalkey cultural relic protection unit, it was listed in the world cultural heritagelist in 20__.

What we see now is the first gate of the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum, dajinmen.In those days, a 45 Li external wall extended from both sides of dajinmen,including the whole Zijinshan.

The roof and gate of the old golden gate, which was covered with yellowglazed tiles, have disappeared. Only the castle and the three arches.

Over the golden gate, we came to Sifang city. It turned out to be a stelePavilion. Because the top of the pavilion was destroyed by the war in XianfengPeriod of Qing Dynasty, only four walls and four door tickets were left. Eachside is 26.86 meters long, just like an ancient castle. So Nanjing peoplecommonly call it Sifang city. There is a tablet of "the miraculous work of theXiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty" in the city, which is 6.7 meters highIts 2.08 meters high and called Mian. Its said that its one of the nine sonsof the dragon. Its very heavy. This tablet is the largest Ming tablet inNanjing. The inscription is written by Zhu Di, the founder of the Ming Dynasty.It has 2746 words and is divided into seven parts. First, it describes his lifeexperience and was born in Jurong family. Second, it asks for the peoplesorders and makes a great fortune. Third, it calms down the world, ascends thethrone and becomes emperor, cezhonggong and the crown prince, and is granted thesame surname. Fourth, it abolishes Zhongshu and sets up six departments to takecharge of military power. Fifth, it attaches importance to talents and the studyof founding a nation; 6、 He lived a simple life, and asked him to be buried withMa after his death in Xiaoling; 7. The name of 57 royal children and 144 fourcharacter eulogies, the inscription is a high praise of Zhu Yuanzhangs life.The completion of the monument of the great Ming Xiaoling was in 1413, whichmarks the end of the Ming Xiaoling project. Behind Zhu Dis great contributionto Zhu Yuanzhang, in fact, he built up his own prestige in Dashu, so as to showthe legitimacy of inheriting the throne. He originally sent tens of thousands ofmigrant workers to chisel a huge stele in the eastern suburb of Nanjing. If thecap, body and base of the stele were 72 meters high, they were too huge tocarry, so they were abandoned.

After passing the Yuhe bridge, we come to the Shinto of the XiaolingMausoleum of the Ming Dynasty. The Shinto is divided into two sections. Thefirst section is Shixiang road. On both sides of the road, there are six kindsof Stone Beasts, four in each group, standing on both sides and squatting onboth sides. Kirin is the king of animals, symbolizing the majesty of kings, andChina _ s legendary law beast, symbolizing the integrity of kings; camels arethe boats of the desert, showing the vast territory of Ming Dynasty and thetranquility of the western regions of the country; the elephant is a symbol ofthe country and the people, and the people are obedient; the unicorn is a kindof monster of Chinese mythology and legend, symbolizing the benevolence of theemperor. The last animal to see is a horse, which symbolizes loyalty to theemperor. The main purpose of placing these stone beasts on both sides of theShinto is to record Zhu Yuanzhangs achievements, to show the prosperity of theMing Dynasty, and to pray for the suppression of demons and evil spirits.

Walking along the stone statue Road, the second section of Shinto,wengzhong Road, lies ahead. There is a pair of pillar at the intersection, whichis also called Huabiao. The Shinto standing in front of the mausoleum is alsocalled lingbiao. There is the function of indicating the road here. From here,Shinto begins to turn due north. On wengzhong Road, there were two pairs ofmilitary generals, who were wearing armor and holding a wat board in theirhands. They were burly, and two pairs of civil ministers, who were wearing courtclothes and holding wat boards in their hands, were solemn. They are a pair ofyoung people and a pair of middle-aged people respectively, which indicates thatthere are successors in Daming. At the end of the Shinto Road, there is aLingxing gate with six pillars and three gates. The original gate was destroyedin the war in Xianfeng Period of the Qing Dynasty. Now the Lingxing gate isrestored in 20__ according to historical data. This is the ceremonial gate forvisiting the mausoleum.

On the east side of Shixiang Road, there is a hill called Meihua Mountain.Shinto turns a bend around Meihua Mountain. It turns out that this mountain wasthe mausoleum of Sun Quan in the eastern Wu Dynasty. During the construction ofthe Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty, someone suggested that thismausoleum should be removed. However, Zhu Yuanzhang said, "Sun Quan is also ahero. Let me see the gate." so the Shinto curved and became the natural barrierof the Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty. Now it has become a famous plumappreciation base in Nanjing.

Now we see the Jinshui bridge. Behind the Jinshui bridge is the mausoleumbuilding of Xiaoling Mausoleum of Ming Dynasty. There were five Jinshui bridgesfacing the five gates of the mausoleum palace, which were destroyed by the warin Xianfeng Period of Qing Dynasty. Only three of them were restored in QingDynasty. We can see that the stone carvings on the bridge deck and bridgefoundation are still relics of Ming Dynasty, and the bridge railings wererebuilt in Qing Dynasty. Starting from here, the building is in accordance withChinese tradition, with the north facing south and the central axissymmetrical.

Up the slope, the first thing we see is the square gate of Wenwu, which isthe gate of the mausoleum palace. Its yellow tile, red door and red wall set offeach other, showing the royal style. This gate was rebuilt in 1988 according tohistorical materials. In front of the gate, on the east side of the wall, thereis a special notice tablet, which was erected in the first year of Xuantong. Itis written in the characters of Japan, Germany, Italy, France, Britain andRussia. The content is to warn visitors to protect Xiaoling.

Entering the Wenwu square gate, we come to the Beidian. The Beidian wasoriginally the gate in front of the Xiaoling hall. Because the gate wasdestroyed in the war of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the destroyed gate wasrebuilt into a Beidian in the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty. There are fiveinscriptions in the hall. In the middle of the five inscriptions, "Zhilong Tangand Song Dynasty" is inscribed in the handwriting of Emperor Kangxi, which meansthat Zhu Yuanzhangs achievements in governing the country surpass those ofEmperor Taizong Li Shimin and Emperor Songtai in the Tang Dynasty Zhao Kuangyin.Kangxi, as the emperor of the Qing Dynasty, showed his respect and admirationfor Zhu Yuanzhang on the one hand, and on the other hand, he had his own goodintentions. At the beginning of the reign of Kangxi, the Han people did notaccept the Manchu rule. Kangxi knew that it was not enough to rely on theManchus high pressure policy alone, but also on the Han people. He visitedXiaoling of Ming Dynasty six times and five times in his life. He knelt downthree times and kowtowed nine times. In 1699, when he visited Xiaoling of MingDynasty for the third time, he wrote "Zhilong Tang and Song Dynasty" to win thehearts of the people. Next to them are two steles inscribed by Emperor Qianlongwhen he visited the mausoleum. There are also two lying steles on the back,which respectively record the first and third visits to Taizu mausoleum duringEmperor Kangxis southern tour. There are records written by Tao Dai, governorof Liangjiang and Cao Yin, weaving doctor in Jiangnan.

This building is the former site of Xiaoling hall, which is the mainbuilding of Xiaoling. You can see the three-story xumizuo platform base of theoriginal white marble. The platform base is three meters high. The four cornersof the three-story platform base are still left with stone carved head. Thereare three steps around the platform base. Its the middle of the road. On thethird floor of xumizuo is the hall of enjoyment, which is dedicated to ZhuYuanzhang and empress ma. The original palace was destroyed by the war inXianfeng Period of the Qing Dynasty. Now we can see 56 huge stone pillars on theplatform foundation, each with a diameter of 0.91 meters. Its easy to imaginehow spectacular the hall was at that time. At that time, the hall of Xiaolingwas nine rooms wide and five rooms deep, with double eaves, covered with yellowglazed tiles and a bucket arch overhanging eaves. The scale of Xiaoling was muchlarger than that of Changling Hall of Ming Chengzu in Beijing. What we see nowis the three Bay small hall restored during the reign of Tongzhi in the QingDynasty, which is not as large as before.

Passing through the inner red gate and the Shengxian bridge, the buildingin front of you is Fangcheng. Fangcheng is a huge building in front of Baoding.The outside is made of big stones and huge bricks. There are eight characterwalls on the East and west sides of Fangcheng. The four corners of the wall aredecorated with brick carvings. These brick carvings are representative works ofthe early Ming Dynasty. Passing through the 54th level corridor in the center ofFangcheng, you can see the south wall of Baocheng. On the front of the wall, youcan see that it is built with 13 layers of stones. It is said that the sevencharacters were engraved in the early years of the Republic of China to answervisitors questions.

From the East-West corridor between Baocheng and Fangcheng, you can climbto the minglou. It was originally a beautiful building with double eaves andyellow glazed tiles. It was destroyed by the war of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdomin the Qing Dynasty. Only four walls are left. In 20__, the minglou protectionproject was completed, and it has been restored. In July 20__, the minglou wasofficially opened to tourists, showing the distribution of Ming Dynasty in ChinaThere are 19 mausoleums of emperors in China.

Behind the Fangcheng is Baoding, which is a large round mound with adiameter of 325-400m. On the top of the mound are towering trees, and below itis the palace where empress Ma of Zhu Yuanzhang was buried. Baocheng is a brickcity with a circumference of 1100 meters around Baoding. The imperial mausoleumin Baoding of Baocheng city is the first mausoleum in Ming and Qing Dynastiesfor more than 500 years. Its just that the Ming Dynastys top is roughly round,while the Qing Dynastys Mausoleums top is oval.

Today, the east side of the Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty haspreserved the site of the Dongling Mausoleum of Zhu Biao, Prince of the MingDynasty.

In ancient China, the imperial mausoleum was originally built in Fangshangof Qin and Han Dynasties. The representative mausoleum was Qinshihuang Mausoleumin Shaanxi Province. In Tang Dynasty, it was changed to the mausoleum near themountain. The representative mausoleum included Tang Qianling Mausoleum of LiZhi, Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty and Empress Wu Zetian of Shaanxi Province.In Song Dynasty, the imperial mausoleum was built in Fangshang of relativelysmall scale. In Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang initiated the mausoleum form ofBaocheng Baoding mausoleum and former dynasty and later Dynasty mausoleum.

The Ming Dynasty established its capital in 1368 and perished in 1644.There were 16 emperors before and after it. Except for the Ming XiaolingMausoleum in Nanjing, the rest of the mausoleums were in Beijing. Only JianwenEmperor Zhu Yunwen had no mausoleum. Many tombs of the Ming Dynasty have left uscountless places to watch.

As the remains of Chinese culture, ancient Chinese mausoleums have leftimportant material materials for later generations to study and understandancient Chinese economy and culture. Dear tourist friends, todays visit iscoming to an end. Thank you for your cooperation in my tour guide work. Welcometo visit Ming Xiaoling again!

Tourists "dear friends hello! Yesterday we visited the magnificent leshan giant Buddha together, today, were going to with it and called 5 a grade scenic spot and two of the world natural and cultural heritages, and mount emei. I called GuYiJia, you can call me little koo. Today we are going to the mountain is not general, it is praised as a world mountain emei."

"Now, we have already came to the gate of the temple in ten thousand, is a beautiful temples here. Here are two of the big banyan tree, into the temple, ten thousand, you can go to buy some incense worshipping Buddha, you can also watch flower-and-bird insect fish, twenty minutes later we set off."

"Please pay attention to a tourist, we soon to nine ridge hillock monkey area, pays special attention to the hands of bamboo sticks, let the child go, honor for defense! Look, the Monkey King, as long as it does not infringe our, our safety! Be careful, it came over, Mr Stone it with your hand, and in addition, others set starting point, so that it will run! Shout, it finally went away, from the fork in the road, with tight!"

"Now we have to meet a fairy temple, what do you do a little rest, we will go down, the next is mount emei of rare plants corridor. There, rare plants ginkgo can be seen everywhere, and endangered plants such as metasequoia not a few."

"We have entered the surd pavilion. The monkey is very gentle and lovely, however, we are here to see water. Look, the steep rock streams into the shade curtain waterfall, clear water just mask instep, will surely make you refreshed, relaxed and happy!"

"Dear friends, emei mountain is a good place, fresh air, trees towering, surd cabinet is also a good place, the water clear Shi Jing, grass green flowers. I wish you a happy journey the next more, bye!"

朋友们，今天我们要游览的景点是大同的九龙壁。游览时间2小时左右，游览过程中请不要拍照，更不要触摸壁身。现在呢，请大家再次核对一下旅游车牌照和小张的手机号，有什么事情请及时与我联系。

九龙壁建于明代洪武末年，是明太祖朱元璋第十三个儿子代王朱桂府前的照壁，与北京故宫九龙壁、北海九龙壁合称为“中国三大九龙壁”。可惜王府于崇祯末年毁于兵火。九龙壁因隔和阳街而立才得以保存。20xx年6月25日，大同九龙壁作为明代古建筑，被国务院批准列入第五批全国重点文物保护单位名单。

九龙壁座南朝北，东西长45.5米，壁高8米，厚2.02米，是中国现存规模最大，历史最悠久的一座龙壁，堪称中国九龙壁之首。壁顶覆盖琉璃瓦，顶下由琉璃斗拱支撑。壁面由426块特制五彩琉璃拼砌而成，9条飞龙气势磅礴，飞腾之势跃然壁上。两侧是日月图案。龙的间隙由山石、花草图案填充，相映成趣。壁底是须弥座，高2.09米，上雕41组二龙戏珠图案。腰部由75块琉璃砖组成浮雕，有牛、马、羊、狗、鹿、兔等多种动物形象，生动活泼。九龙壁最美的时候是朝阳升起之时，那时的九龙壁沐浴在耀眼的光辉里，巨龙仿佛在流云中穿行，犹如真龙再现，引人入胜。

不同于北京北海与故宫九龙壁，大同九龙壁的龙爪是四爪龙，这就区别了代王与皇帝的地位差别，不过这也足见代王在当朝的地位。

领略了九龙壁的磅礴气势，大家一定很好奇九龙壁的来历吧，呵呵，不急不急，接下来就由我来为大家说道说道~是这样的：明太祖朱元璋第十三个儿子朱桂从小不读诗文，秉性顽劣，脾气古怪，要星星不敢给月亮，吃猪尾巴拿牛头也换不来。朱元璋在分封藩王时就封他为豫王，后改封代王，镇守大同。代王到了大同，横行街里，经常无故杀人，大同百姓背地叫他“愣怔代王”。而代王的正妃徐氏呢，是个又丑又妒的泼妇，一次竟把代王的两个漂亮待女满脸涂上锅底黑，以泄妒火。就这样，两口子把大同城搅得鸡犬不宁，民不聊生。

朱元璋立燕王继承王位后，代王就大闹金殿嚷着也要当皇帝。朱元璋没法子，只好在大同城内大兴土木，修建宫殿，让代王过过皇帝瘾。至今大同古城内还有“皇城街”、“正殿街”、“东华门”等街道名称，都是旧皇宫的遗址。

一天，这位愣王爷忽然想去燕地看四哥朱棣。燕王对他又烦又怕，但又无可奈何，只好捺着性子三天一小宴五天一大宴地款待着。一天代王酒足饭饱在王府外闲逛，看见王府门前新修了一座琉璃九龙壁，就吵嚷着要在大同的皇宫前也造一座，并撒泼把图样带回了大同。王妃知道后，要求一定要比燕王府的龙壁长二尺、高二尺、厚二寸，代王无奈，只好应允，所以大同的九龙壁规模最大，故宫里的那座也比不了它。

半年以后，九龙壁建成。代王朱桂、老将军徐达及其女儿王妃徐氏登上城楼凭栏观赏，阳光下壁顶的琉璃瓦光彩耀眼，壁面上的九条琉璃彩龙栩栩如生。代王高兴得大声叫好。一会儿，浓云密布，下起雨来。代王便命人掌灯，宫灯齐亮时，透过雨帘，彩壁上九龙浴水，扑朔迷离，别有一番情趣，于是有了雨中戏龙一说。

代王又叫了一声好，忽然空中接连三声惊雷。朱桂一惊，恍惚看见从天上飞来一黑一黄两条龙，在壁前吐水如泉。原来，龙壁上的龙以假乱真，引来天上的巨龙送来了甘霖。雨后彩虹当空，晚霞通红，沐浴过的九龙壁更加璀璨夺目，代王忙命人前去打探龙壁有无伤痕。回来的人禀报，龙壁后面的金泊仓三步之内被雷炸出了一甜一苦两眼井，就是现在的金泊仓两步两眼井，也是九龙壁一景。龙壁前还被雷轰了一个坑，里面积满了碧水，代王就让人在壁前砌了一个水池。水池引入两井的水，甜水食用，苦水治病。九条龙倒映在水中，风吹水动，像游龙戏水，成为九龙壁的又一景。

好啦，讲解就到这里了，下面呢就由大家自己欣赏啦！2小时后在这里集合，祝您旅途愉快！

大家好，这里就是灵山大佛，灵山大佛高88米，连同三层石头基座在内通高101.5米。比“佛是一座山，山是一尊佛”的四川乐山大佛还高出17米，是目前世界上最高的青铜佛像。

有一点是值得介绍的：那就是大佛的“眼睛”。

请你们不妨注意一下，不论你走近走远，或左或右，大佛的“眼神”似乎始终在跟随着你，关注着你。当你愈靠近大佛时，大佛的“眼睛”似乎也是逐渐睁开、睁大……这是为什么呢?难道“眼睛”真的会“动”的不成?其实并不奇怪，这里绝没有任何“神奇”的色彩，是利用视觉差产生的效果。靠的就是艺术魅力，或者说是雕塑家的艺术功力。

我们整个大佛建造运用高科技拼装焊接而成，并且采用了完整的抗风、防震、耐腐蚀、避雷等措施。灵山大佛是分块铸造，然后再在现场将它们一块块地拼装，焊接在一起，使它达到“天衣无缝”的程度。

大家想一想，这里面包含着多少技术内容和多大的工作量呀?!尽管如此，但比起古代造铜佛的方法来说，那又不知道要省多少事了!

由于时间限制，我在这里只能谈两个“为什么?”

第一个“为什么”是：安装好的大佛，为什么是“两脚离地”的?

这是因为灵山大佛的总体设计方案采用的就是“整体悬挂”方案。佛体铜壁板经过拼装焊接成整体以后，是通过副支架、主钢架直接悬挂在像楼房一样的钢筋混凝土主骨架上的。副支架总共有四、五千根，平均每块铜壁板有2——3根。整个佛像相当于有四、五千只手从里面加以托着和拉着。这样，铜壁板可以铸得尽可能的薄，节省铜料，经济合理。因此，做到最下面一层铜壁板是离地的。

第二个“为什么”是：大佛头上没有看到避雷针，它能防雷吗?为什么?

大佛头顶上如果装上一根避雷针，像一根小辫子那样翘在那里，当然不好看!其实，大佛头上不是没有避雷针，而且有很多，所不同的是避雷针不是“尖”的，而是“球形”的，那就有298个发髻。人们都知道避雷针必须是尖头的，但是，在英国及其殖民地范围内的避雷针都是“钝”头的。尖头避雷针只能使自身免遭雷击，却保护不了邻近地区也免遭雷击。钝头避雷针的情况就完全不同，它自身虽然遭到雷击，但因为接地良好而不受到损害，但却能以它为顶点，有效地展开一顶锥形保护伞，使伞下的物体免遭落雷的伤害。钝头避雷针更有利于形成闪电的通道。这样，螺形发髻的顶端，岂不正好合适?!

正由于灵山大佛的建造，包含了这许多科技内容。因此我们可以自豪地说：灵山大佛的建成，是我国国泰民安、国力昌盛的象征。如果不是国泰民安，谁还有心思集中精力造大佛呢?如果没有先进的科技和强盛的国力，怎么可能建成象灵山大佛这样的大铜佛来呢?

鲁迅故居位于北京阜成门内三条胡同21号，从1924年5月到1926年8月，鲁迅先生一直居住在这里。

推开两扇黑色的院门，穿过短短的门道，眼前就出现一座普普通通的小四合院。院里有两棵枝叶茂密的白丁香，沐浴着金色的阳光。这是鲁迅先生1925年4月5日亲手栽种的。

小院里的南房是鲁迅接待青年朋友的地方，有时鲁迅自己也在这里休息。

东房曾经是女工的住室，以后用来堆杂物。

西房当年是厨房，现在是故居管理人员的值班室。

北房有四间。西头一间是鲁迅先生的工作室兼卧室，鲁迅自己称它为绿林书屋，人们把它叫做老虎尾巴，因为它是扩建时展接出来的。东头一间是鲁迅母亲的卧室。

老虎尾巴是所有屋子最小的一间，室内放着一个老式的三屉桌。桌上摆着一盏煤油灯，它使我们想起当年还没有电灯的情景。油灯旁边放着一个普通的木制笔架，一只装在硬木盒里的砚台，还有一个旧马蹄表和一个烟灰缸。一只盖碗像不久前刚用过的一样摆在桌上。桌子一边是个牛皮纸箱，另一边是个什物柜。桌前一把藤椅，墙上挂着一幅炭画和一幅藤野先生像。屋子另一侧放着茶几和木椅，茶几上方的壁上挂着一幅题字：望崦嵫而勿迫，恐鹈鴃之先鸣。

北房西侧的小门，通过后面和室内的陈设，都是极简朴的。就在这里，鲁迅写出了许多不朽的作品，包括《华盖集》《华盖集续编》《野草》三本文集和《彷徨》《朝花夕拾》《坟》中的一部分文章。

鲁迅故居，北京这座简朴的四合院，是人们永远敬仰的地方。

各位游客们，大家好!欢迎大家来到西塘古镇。

王宅——种福堂我们现在来到的地方叫王宅，系清代王氏私邸，王氏源起宋御营司都统制王渊，王渊护驾宋高宗赵构南渡，但伴君如伴虎，王源败落了。其子孙隐没于杭嘉湖一带。清顺康年间，其中一脉子孙移居西塘，兴此宅第，前后七进加一后花园，为典型的明清民居风格。大家有没有发现，王宅的大门建造得比较小，这种风格是属于先抑后扬的，主要是因为当时江南地区常年有倭寇进犯，王氏家族为了财不外露，故把门面做的比较小。进入这儿是个天井，这里是一个砖雕门楼，在古代砖雕门楼可的都是主任家的家庆，但在这儿王老爷却把自家的福气刻在上面了，在古代何谓福呢?多子才多福，这王老爷确实有福，生了八个儿子，于是把八个儿子的名字刻在两座门楼上。

这“元享利贞”，是王老爷前四个儿子的名字了，分别代表其四个儿子的名字：王元、王亨、王利、王贞;“元享利贞”两边牡丹和灵芝，而在最底下，刻的是一条弯弯的鲤鱼，这鲤鱼寓意的是年年有余，而不是鲤鱼跳龙门了，因为王家的祖辈没落了，这后人对功名已经淡漠了，还是在这里安居乐业好啊。知道了王老爷前四个儿子的名字，想必非常有兴趣了解王老爷后四个儿子。

走道这儿，你看到在整个建筑“先抑后扬”的扬字就在这儿了。这座门楼上就是王老爷后四个儿子的名字——“维和集福”。维，就是家合万事兴;最高的地方，你看到的是蝙蝠，这蝙蝠象征福气，设置在门楼上就是五福临门了;而在下面是和和二仙，传说故事中象征和和美美的两位神仙了;在字的两边，是花中的四君子—梅兰竹菊，但因为年代久远，你看这竹子已经剥落了，但为了保持原貌没有修复;整个地方大门平时是不开;整个天井你还可以看到两口大缸，美其名曰太平缸，那就是古代消防设施了。现在进入的是主人家的第三进，为正厅，即“种福堂”，种福堂，一个播种福气的地方。而连接第二、三进单元的是陪弄、大墙门、天井。种福堂中心宽12米，有十四扇落地长窗，楼面铺一尺见方的厚方砖。厅堂正中央悬挂有康熙年间翰林侍读学士海宁陈邦彦题写名为“种福堂”的匾额，厚重端庄，凛然一股正气，以告诫后人：“平日多行善积德，日后定能使子孙得福”。陈邦彦是翰林学士，皇帝的伴读，整块匾额保留下来也是很不易的。所谓种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆，种福自然得福。此建筑的特色为砖雕门楼精致，有至今西塘保存最完好的两座砖雕门楼。种福堂正厅的楼板非常结实，楼板的上面竟也铺有方砖，说来几乎不可信。原来，主人怕楼板上传下来的声音会惊动尊贵的客人，尤其是楼上女客的方便之声，对客人不敬。楼上的方砖铺得更紧密，砖下还有黄沙和石灰铺底，结硬后相当牢固，用一盆水泼酒在地，也滴水不漏。另外，优质方砖对屋子里的空气湿度有调节作用，空气中水分多时，它会利用微细孔吸附多余的水分，当屋子干燥时，它会释放出贮存的水分，这种堂楼结构是江南居宅的一色，大其他地方很见到。

从种福堂出来，现在我们走的这条街叫“西街”，如果您留意看一下您就会发现街两侧的弄堂特别多，就是因为我们西塘以前有很多深宅大院形成的。现在我们再来走一条过去老房子里的“陪弄”。陪弄是宅屋的边弄，与建筑主体相连，一般来说这种宅屋较大较深，主人都是大户人家，平常是不开正门的。陪弄的作用是连接边门，让一家人进出。解放后许多大宅作了房改，一座大宅就有好多人家居住，陪弄也就成为宅内住户的公共通道。这样的陪弄在镇上很多。陪弄不见阳光，没有窗户，非常暗，这也是江南水乡大户人家建宅的一种风俗。“银不露白，暗可藏财”。

西园——走过这条弄我们就来到了又一个景点---西园。西园系明代朱氏私邸，园内有树木、花草、假山、亭池，是当时镇上风景幽美之处，也是目前西塘古镇最大保存最完好的一座私家园林。大家进门发现这里的门槛特别高，俗话说“宰相门槛高三尺”，这也印证了此园主人地位确实比较高。进入门厅，迎面是一个“照壁”，一方面说明了江南人家“财不外露”的秉性，另一方面，我们可以看见，照壁上面的图案，四个角上画的是四只蝙蝠，在古代，蝙蝠的“蝠”与福气的“福”字同音，寓意“四季有福气”;照壁中间是一个“寿”字，整副照壁的寓意即是“福寿双全”。民国初，园内设茶室、供人游览，当时吴江诗人柳亚子创办的第一个爱国诗社——南社，西塘就有17人参加。民国九年(1920xx年)柳亚子邀友南来西塘与镇上的南社社友在园内吟诗欢歌，鼓吹革命，并摄影留念，一时传为佳话。建国后该园一度失修废弃，1993年，西园重建，辟为一公园。1997年，当地政府为纪念当年南社爱国壮举，重修西园，并陈列南社有关史料，以供瞻仰。西园系明代朱氏私邸，为江南大户人家建筑，园内有亭台楼阁、假山鱼池，是当时镇上风景幽美之处。民国9年春，吴江柳亚子偕同陈巢南来西塘，与镇上文友余十眉、蔡韶声、陈觉殊等在该园吟叙合影， 仿北宋李公麟所画表现苏东坡、米芾、黄庭坚等人雅集的《雅集图》，将照片取名为《西园雅集第二图》。现在园内有“朱念慈扇面书法艺术馆”、“百印馆”、“南社陈列室”等展厅。“朱念慈扇面书法艺术馆”展出了国家级工艺美术大师朱念慈先生的精品扇面一百余件，朱念慈是我国现代扇面真金书法艺术的杰出代表人物之一，1920xx年出生，浙江嘉善人，祖居西塘，曾任中国美术学会高级会员，浙江工艺美术学会顾问。一生致力于书法艺术，并首创真金微楷万字扇，功绩卓著，技艺超群。 “百印馆”里陈列着由杭州西泠印社组织的国内外百名篆刻家篆刻的一百枚反映西塘风情风貌的印章，印花和边款。这百枚印章表现的是西塘百景。其中有原“平川十景”(明代镇人周鼎所作的十首诗)、“平川新十景”、西塘八景、西塘的古厅堂、砖雕门楼、桥弄河街、西塘的老字号和民间艺术等。“环秀断虹”“烟雨长廊”“送子来凤”这些原本就已经相当动人的名字 ，被凝固在方寸之间，平添了几分气质，给西塘以另外的一种韵味。以提倡民族气节，推翻封建的清王朝，建立民主共和政体为志的南社，是在孙中山领导的中国同盟会革命浪潮汹涌澎湃的激荡下，于1990年11月在苏州秘密成立的。南社的主要发起人为陈去病、高旭、柳亚子。参加第一次会议的17名社员中，有14人为同盟会会员，由此可见其革命气氛的浓厚了。南社是一个革命团体，它主要是以文字鼓吹反清革命，与同盟会互相呼应，成犄角之势。一时京、沪、苏、浙、湘甚至南洋等地不少报纸，都为南社社员所掌握。“欲凭文字播风雷”(柳亚子语)，为反清民族民主革命大造声势。在西塘参加南社的社员有十八人之多。其中有余十眉、李熙谋、郁左梅、沈禹钟、江雪塍等。他们留下的诗词文章，指点江山，评说时政，是当时小镇文人倾向革命的真实写照。柳亚子南下广州以后，逐渐远离西塘诸友，南社在大革命的浪潮中也四分五裂。但西塘的一班社友又组织成立了胥社，由江雪塍出任社长，宗旨不变、人员不变，可以说是南社在西塘的延伸组织，他们的诗文绝大多数都保留了下来。

Hello, everyone! Im very glad to accompany you to visit the Yellow CraneTower, a famous building in the south of the Yangtze River. I will do my best toprovide you with a comprehensive and considerate tour guide service. I wish youall have a good time.

The Yellow Crane Tower has been praised by Chinese poets of all ages, andhas always enjoyed the reputation of "peerless scenery in the world". Togetherwith Yueyang Tower in Hunan Province and Tengwang Pavilion in Jiangxi Province,it is known as "three famous buildings in the south of the Yangtze River". Withits long history and magnificent posture, it ranks first in the third floor andenjoys the reputation of "peerless scenery in the world".

As we all know, there are many kinds of cranes in nature, including whitecrane, grey crane, Red Crowned Crane, black necked Crane and so on, but there isno yellow crane. So why do people in Wuhan call the landmark building of theirhometown Yellow Crane Tower? This beautiful name comes from a beautifulmyth.

Once upon a time, there was a man named Xin who was selling wine on the topof Huanghu mountain. One day, an old man in ragged clothes came to him and askedhim for drinks. Although his business was small and profitable, he was faithful,kind and charitable. Seeing that Lao Dao was very pitiful, he generously agreed.After having enough to eat and drink, Lao Dao was very grateful to Xin. Later,Lao Dao would come every day, and Hsin would answer every request. A year passedunconsciously. One day, Lao Dao came to the hotel again. As soon as Xin saw him,he quickly prepared food and wine for Lao Dao. Lao Dao quickly stopped him andsaid, "I dont drink today. Im here to say goodbye to you.". He said thatdrinking every day, no thanks, but I will draw, I will draw a picture for yourhotel as a souvenir. After that, Lao Dao picked up the orange peel on the groundand drew it on the wall. In a short time, he drew a crane. Because the color ofthe orange peel is yellow, the crane is also yellow. After the painting, Lao Daosaid to Xin: as long as you clap your hands, the yellow crane will come down anddance for the drinkers.

As soon as Xin heard this, he was very happy. He immediately went to seethe crane painted by Lao Dao. He thought it was lifelike and very beautiful. Heturned to thank Lao Dao for drawing such a good picture for his hotel, but LaoDao had disappeared. The next day, a guest came to the hotel. He thought of theold Taoists words and clapped his hands for a try. Sure enough, the YellowCrane jumped down, sang and danced, and then jumped back to the wall. The guestwas very happy. After the news spread, people and tourists from three towns inWuhan came to the store to watch the Yellow Crane Dance. Since then, the hotelbusiness flourished, and Xins got rich.

One day ten years later, Lao Dao appeared in the hotel again. When she sawhim, she was very happy. She took Lao Dao and said, "when youve been there forten years, Ill inquire about your whereabouts and find out where you are. Todayyou are back, please dont leave again. After Xins speech, Lao Dao said to Xin:I wonder if you have paid off my wine debt with the money you have earned in thepast ten years? Xin said in a hurry: Thank you very much. With the help of theYellow Crane you left behind, I am very rich now. On hearing this, the Taoistpriest laughed, took off his flute and played a wonderful tune to the YellowCrane on the wall. The Yellow Crane began to sing and dance with the flute. Atthe end of the song, the old Taoist stepped on the yellow crane. The YellowCrane flew away with the old Taoist. Since then, the old Taoist never cameback.

People in the three towns of Wuhan miss this crane, which brings themhappiness and auspiciousness. They suggest that Xin build a pavilion beside thehotel to honor Laodao and Huanghe. At the same time, it also guides the oldTaoist and yellow crane who travel all over the world. I hope they will comeback soon. Xin accepted everyones advice and took out the money he hadaccumulated for many years to build a high-rise building next to the hotel. Hefelt that the Yellow Crane helped him get rich, so he named it the Yellow CraneTower. For thousands of years, this story has been widely spread, and has becomethe most influential legend of the Yellow Crane Tower.

The Yellow Crane Tower was first built in 223 A.D. in the second year of WuHuangwu in the Three Kingdoms. It has a history of more than 1700 years, duringwhich it has been destroyed and built repeatedly. This is because the YellowCrane Tower is no longer a scenic building in the general sense, it reflects therise and fall of an era. Since the Yellow Crane Tower was destroyed in 1884,people have been looking forward to its reappearance in Jiangcheng, but theyhave not been able to do so. It was not until after the reform and opening upthat the Yellow Crane Tower was rebuilt, which fully reflects the improvement ofChinas comprehensive national strength. The Yellow Crane Tower we are visitingtoday is based on the Yellow Crane Tower of the Qing Dynasty. Constructionstarted in 1981 and was completed in 1984. It is 100 years since the last YellowCrane Tower was destroyed.

The Snake Mountain, where the Yellow Crane Tower is located, is composed ofseven mountains arranged from east to west and connected end to end. From westto East, there are Huanghu mountain, Yinjia mountain, Huanglong Mountain,Gaoguan mountain, Daguan mountain, Qipan mountain and Xishan Mountain, with atotal length of more than 20__ meters. It is named Snake Mountain because it issimilar to crouching snake. The Yellow Crane Tower is built on the top ofHuanghu mountain. In ancient Chinese, the two words "Hu" and "he" are common, soit is also called Huanghe mountain. The pavilion on Huanghe mountain is ofcourse called huanghe tower. But people are more willing to accept the legend ofimmortals.

In order to make you enjoy the Yellow Crane Tower better, I use five wordsto summarize the characteristics of the Yellow Crane Tower: high, strange,dangerous, beautiful and wonderful. It is high in the mountains, high buildingsare higher, and the sky is pierced by clouds and clouds; it is strange that thegods cross the crane, and the myth spreads; it is dangerous to stand near theriver, and there is no land under it; it is beautiful to climb the tower andoverlook the scenery of Wuhan; it is wonderful that the literati and theanecdotes spread.

OK, now we have come to the Yellow Crane Tower Park. Yellow Crane TowerPark is composed of main building, pavilions, porches, memorial archways andGushi commercial street. The main building has a clear height of 51.4 meters andfive floors. It is square in shape and looks like one. Each side is 35 meterslong, with 72 columns rising from the ground and 60 cornices flying in the air.It takes advantage of the length of the calendar tower to gather the beauty ofthe north and the south. The golden colored glazed roof is simple and beautiful,and the red gourd shaped top glitters at night. Each layer has a strong poeticflavor. Now lets go into the main building to have a look.

We are now in the hall on the first floor of the Yellow Crane Tower. Thehall is 22 meters wide and 14 meters long. Look at these antique pillars, whichhave a circumference of two meters. They go straight to the top floor, which canbe said to be the Optimus Prime of the whole building. This "picture of whiteclouds and yellow cranes" is 9 meters high and 6 meters wide. On the picture,the Yellow Crane Tower stands in the middle, with a fairy riding on the YellowCrane and an iron flute blowing on the top, and people singing and dancingbelow. The whole picture is full of romantic and magical atmosphere. On bothsides of the painting, there is a couplet of Zhang Zhidong, an importantMinister of the late Qing Dynasty

Cool air from the West

The river goes to the East and the waves wash away the worries of the pastand the present

After the famous couplet in the hall, there is a huge carved screen, whichis painted with the shape of the Yellow Crane Tower in history. It is highlyskilled and antique, which can be called a fine art.

OK, please follow me up. Our current location is not the second floor, butthe mezzanine between the first floor and the second floor, commonly known asthe horse racing gallery. There are such horse racing corridors between everytwo floors. You can calculate that the Yellow Crane Tower originally has fivefloors. In addition, the horse racing corridor between every two floors has atotal of nine floors inside. Therefore, the Yellow Crane Tower has a buildingstructure of five floors outside and nine floors inside. Here are somehistorical celebrities calligraphy and paintings. You can enjoy them.

As you can see, there are six models of Yellow Crane Tower in Tang, song,yuan, Ming, Qing Dynasties and modern times on the second floor. They eachrepresent the architectural styles of their own times. You see, the Yellow CraneTower of the Tang Dynasty is connected with the city on the first floor and hasonly two floors on the outside. The overall structure is simple and rough,giving people a sense of simplicity and vigor. Take another look at the SongDynasty building, which is composed of four parts: building, terrace, porch andcorridor. Each floor has a double eaves, which shows the delicate and meaningfulartistic style of the Song Dynasty. The form of the Yuan Dynasty continued thestyle of the Song Dynasty, while the Ming Dynasty was still two-tier.

If you look at it again, there are some cloth awnings and other things. Doyou know what they are for? Yes, they are the umbrellas used by people inancient times. Look at the Yellow Crane Tower in the Qing Dynasty. It has threefloors. The first floor has 12 eaves, representing 12 hours of a day. The secondfloor has 12 eaves, representing 12 months of a year. The third floor has 24eaves, representing 24 solar terms of a year. The most amazing thing about it isthat it can integrate the traditional Chinese astronomy and calendar culture.Unfortunately, it was destroyed by thunder and fire in the summer of 1884, thatis, the 10th year of Guangxu reign of the Qing Dynasty. The last one is now theYellow Crane Tower. It is based on the Yellow Crane Tower of the Qing Dynasty.It was rebuilt in 1984. It not only has the unique traditional shape of theYellow Crane Tower, but also is more magnificent than the buildings of previousdynasties.

Please hold the stairs and follow me to the third floor. Here is a ceramicpainting called "the quintessence of literati". The figures in the picture havedifferent and lifelike expressions, which reproduces the scenes of the literaticoming here to chant poems and Fu. You see, the yellow robe in the middle is CuiHao, the great poet of Tang Dynasty. It is said that one year, Cui Hao came tothe Yellow Crane Tower and wrote an impromptu poem after his visit

Once upon a time, people had gone by the Yellow Crane, but there was noyellow crane tower left here.

Once the yellow crane is gone, it will never return.

Qingchuan experienced Hanyang tree, grass luxuriant parrot island.

Where is the hometown at dusk? The Yanbo river is worrying.

This poem has a wonderful artistic conception and is a rare poem describingthe Yellow Crane Tower. However, there are many famous poets in Tang Dynasty,and Cui Hao is not well-known. Therefore, although his poems are good, no oneappreciates them. Another year, the poet Li Bai came to the Yellow Crane Tower.The local people were very happy to see the poet come here, and asked Li Bai towrite a poem for the Yellow Crane Tower. After visiting, Li Bai felt that thelegend of Yellow Crane Tower was strange and the scenery was beautiful, so hemade great progress in poetry and agreed to write poems. People are ready tostudy four treasures, Li Bai dipped in thick ink, hold his breath, to write, butat this time, he looked up, saw Cui Haos poem on the wall, he was stunned onthe spot, shook his head, stopped writing. The onlookers did not know why. Theyasked why. Li Bai sighed and chanted a doggerel

One blow smashes the Yellow Crane Tower and one kick overturns the parrotisland.

In front of me, there is a scene. Cui Hao wrote a poem on it!

After chanting, he left. As a result of Li Bais praise, Cui Haos poemsare well-known, and the Yellow Crane Tower is also spread around with Cui Haospoems.

The fourth floor is the cultural activity place of the Yellow Crane Tower,displaying the impromptu works of famous contemporary calligraphers and paintersvisiting the building. There are also four treasures of the study speciallyprepared here. If any tourists are interested, they might as well show theirskills here.

Now we come to the viewing platform on the fifth floor of the Yellow CraneTower. The first picture we see here is a group of paintings called "thevastness of the river and the sky", which covers an area of 90 square meters andis the largest among the murals in the whole building. It consists of 10 colorpaintings. The three on the front wall are the center of the group of paintings.The first one records the process of the ancient Yangtze River culture from topto bottom. The second is the water waves depicted with gold lines on the stonegreen background, occupying the whole picture. It seems that people stand on across section of the Yangtze River and feel the waves rushing eastward. Thethird one reflects the process of the Yellow Crane Towers emergence, rise andfall after the Three Kingdoms period. The other seven, painted on the e Fang,are: the source of the Yangtze River, the waterfalls in the upper reaches, thescenery of the Three Gorges, the wonders of Lushan, the scenery of Taihu Lake,the river flowing into the sea and the vicissitudes of the sea.

Now lets go to the West and enjoy the beautiful scenery of the three townsin Wuhan. In front of you are the Yangtze River rolling eastward and the YangtzeRiver bridge which makes the natural moat a thoroughfare. In front of you arethe towering TV Tower on Guishan mountain, the magnificent Qingchuan Hotel, suchas the Qingchuan Bridge across the river with rainbow The Yellow Crane Tower,like an old man, sits firmly on the top of the Snake Mountain, witnessing thevicissitudes of Wuhans history and changing today, and looking forward to theprosperous future with expectation.

Well, the tour of Yellow Crane Tower is coming to an end. I hope myexplanation can leave you a good memory. Please forgive me for the shortcomings.Welcome to Jiangcheng next time and come here. I wish you a pleasant journey anda pleasant journey!

“假日海滩”是海南省委党校研究员夏鲁平先生命名的。1993年海口市政 府策划了为海滩征名的活动。夏先生从夏威夷著名的檀香山的WAKIKI海滩上的希尔顿假日酒店处得到灵感。取这个名字的寓意是希望这个海滩能够成为城市里人们度假的圣地，能够引领海口假日休闲的生活方式。

假日海滩，多么讨人喜欢的名字!假日海滩，多么令人神往的!她犹如一棵镶嵌在椰城滨海的明珠，以其纯真的质地、璀灿的光彩而引人注目并为之倾倒。她的出现，给海南旅游业史章增添了绚丽的一页。

各位游客，现在我们来到的是书法圣地——兰亭。

兰亭位于绍兴城西南13公里处兰渚山下，占地面积30715平方米。这一带有“崇山峻岭，茂林修竹，又有清流激湍，映带左右”，是山阴路上的风景佳丽之处。

早在1600多年前就是游览胜地。每当阳春三月春暖花开之时，文人墨客常来这里游览聚会。东晋永和九年(公元353年)农历三月初三，书圣王羲之邀请当时的文人学士孙绰、谢安等四十一人来兰亭修禊雅集，曲水流觞，写下了著名的《兰亭集序》，被誉为“天下第一行书”，从此兰亭的名声倍增，成为书法圣地好江南的著名园林，吸引着全国乃至全世界的书法家好书法爱好者。现在的兰亭是清康熙年间根据明代嘉靖年间旧址重建的。1980年时又加以全面修复。现在的兰亭，融秀美的山水风光，雅致的园林景观，独享的书坛盛名，丰厚的历史文化积淀于一体，以“景幽、事雅、文妙、书绝”四大特色而享誉海内外，是中国一外重要的名胜古迹，名列中国四大名亭之一。其内涵可以用“一序”、“三碑”、“十一景”来概况：“一序”即《兰亭序》;“三碑”即鹅池碑、兰亭碑、御碑;“十一景”即鹅池、小兰亭、曲水流觞、流觞亭、御碑亭、临池十八缸、王右军祠、书法博物馆、古驿亭、之镇、乐池。

来到兰亭，不妨让我来介绍一下王羲之。

王羲之生于公元320xx年，山东琅琊人，卒于公元361年，葬于嵊县(今嵊州市)金庭，享年59岁。王羲之出生于书法世家，从小得到前辈书法家的指导。幼年时曾向他的姨妈，著名女书法家卫夫人学习书法。后来他博采众长，自辟蹊径，创造出研美流畅的新体。人们赞誉他的书法“如天上的浮云，如受惊的神龙”。]

[各位，兰亭的第一部分是鹅池。王羲之爱好养鹅人所共知，故兰亭有鹅池一景以纪念这位大书法家。据说，山阴地方一位老道，想求王羲之写一本“黄庭经”，他知道王羲之喜欢白鹅，于是就特地养了一群逗人喜爱的白鹅，王羲之路过，见白鹅羽毛白净，形态优美，不由得驻足不前，进而要求买鹅，道士说：“钱我不要，只要你写本《黄庭经》”。羲之欣然答应，笔走龙蛇，不过半日，经成搁笔，道士已把群鹅用笼子装好。这就是“书成换白鹅”的故事。 进大门，穿过修竹小径和淙淙小溪，迎面出现一座三角形碑亭，碑上刻着两个大字：“鹅池”。这是兰亭中有关王羲之的第一块碑石。相传王羲之当年在绍兴做官，一天正当他兴致勃勃书写“鹅池”时，刚写完“鹅”字，皇帝圣旨送到，王羲之只好搁笔下跪接旨。他的儿子王献之顺手提笔一挥，续写了一个“池”字。大家看这两个字，“鹅”瘦“池”肥。这块碑成为书法史上著名的“父子碑”。]

[过鹅池三折石桥，便是小兰亭。亭内有石碑一方。上刻“兰亭”二字，为清康熙皇帝的手书，此碑字经无数游览者抚摸而稍平，因此这块碑被称为“军民碑”。文革动乱时期兰亭遭到了破坏，此碑被砸成三截。虽经修补，仍可见破损痕迹，其中“兰”字缺尾，“亭”字缺头，但古韵犹存。兰亭不是一个亭子，而是一个地名，相传春秋时期越王勾践曾在此种过兰草，汉代又设过驿亭，兰亭的名城由此而来。全世界共有7个兰亭，分别在北京、宁波、中国台湾、日本等地，但真正的兰亭在我们绍兴。]

[“曲水流觞”是兰亭非常著名的景点。流觞亭前，一条“之”字形的曲水，中间有一块木化石，上面刻着“曲水流觞”4个字。显现了王羲之《兰亭集序》所描绘的景象“此地有崇山峻岭，茂林修竹，又有清流急湍，映带左右，引以为流觞曲水”。它包涵了一段非常著名的典故：东晋永和九年，农历的三月初三，王羲之邀请了共41位名人雅士在兰亭雅集修禊，他们在酒杯里倒上酒让它从曲水上游缓缓漂下来，如果漂到谁面前停住了，谁就要饮酒作诗，作不出的则要罚酒三觥，一觥相当于现在半斤。活动中共有11个人各作诗两首，15个人各作诗1首，16个人因没有作出诗而罚了酒，总共成诗37首，汇集成册称之为《兰亭集》，推荐主人王羲之为之作序，王羲之欣然答应，趁着酒兴，用鼠须笔和蚕茧纸一气呵成《兰亭集序》，后人称为“天下第一行书”。每年很多文人墨客都喜欢来这里仿效王羲之，兰亭雅集，饮酒赋诗。每年书法节都要在此举行曲水流觞的雅集盛会。 [流觞亭是纪念流觞曲水场所，是兰亭主要建筑之一，建于清代。亭的周围木雕长窗，外面走廊环绕，古色古香。亭内墙上挂着一副“流觞曲水图”，生动地再现了当年王羲之等人修禊雅集的情景，有的低头沉吟，有的举杯畅饮，有的醉态毕露，令人叫绝。此图是明末清初一位画家的扇面画作，这是按原件复制的。后面的《兰亭后序》是当年孙绰所作，清同治年间山阴县知事杨恩树所书。]

[流觞亭的东面是右军祠，它的结构非常巧妙。周围环水，水上建堂，堂中有廊，廊旁有池，池中有亭，亭旁连桥。在房子里面可以看到天地日月星五景，还可以目睹唐宋元明清之书。墨池两侧的回廊壁上嵌有后人题写的石刻多方，大多是历代书家临摹《兰亭集序》的各种版本和手迹。中间的池为墨池，它的出典是“临池学书，池水尽黑”一语。上面的亭子称“墨华亭”。两侧的回廊是书法家好书法爱好者举行书艺交流的场所。1987年盛大的中日兰亭书会的书艺交流就在这里举行。

右军祠的正厅端挂着王羲之的肖像。(这是当代画家浙江美术学院宋宗元副院长的杰作)两旁的楹联是沙孟海先生所书：“毕生寄迹在山水，列坐放言无古今”，充分表达了王羲之无意仕途，悠游山水的性格。厅内陈列着唐宋元明清书法家临摹的各种版本的《兰亭集序》，其中唐代冯承素的神龙本为临摹本中最真。

讲到《兰亭集序》，大家一定想目睹一下王羲之的真迹，但十分遗憾，难以如愿。当年王羲之《兰亭集序》作为王家的传家之宝，一代代往下传，到王羲之的第七代子孙智永，他出家当了和尚，便把《兰亭集序》传给了他的弟子辩才。辩才如获至宝，将它藏在梁间暗槛中。这时已是唐太宗时代，唐太宗酷爱王羲之的书法，得知《兰亭集序》在辩才的手中，便命萧翼设计谋取真迹。

萧翼扮成一个穷书生，带着二王的一些杂贴拜访辩才，同他交了朋友。二人经常饮酒赋诗，评论二王书画，在酒酣耳热之时，辩才终于透露了他藏有《兰亭集序》的真本。萧翼使辩才视他为“好友”而失去警觉，将《兰亭序集》的真迹置于桌案之上不再放回梁间暗槛。一天萧翼知道辩才外出，便潜入僧房，盗走了《兰亭集序》真迹。

萧翼偷走《兰亭集序》真迹后，来到地方官处，命令他传辩才面叩朝廷御史。辩才到后，萧翼对他说，他奉圣旨来取《兰亭集序》，现在已经到手，特唤他来告别。辩才听后，气昏在地，惊悸痛惜而死。

唐太宗得到王羲之真迹，命人摹刻翻拓，赐给他的皇子近臣。到临终时还留下遗诏，要把《兰亭集序》作为陪葬品，埋入昭陵。从此人们就再也看不到《兰亭集序》的真迹，但大家还是可以从各种临摹的本子上欣赏到王羲之精美绝伦的书法艺术的。]

各位，现在我们来到右军祠后面的“御碑亭”。御碑亭为八角双重檐，原为木结构建筑，50年代倒塌，1983年重建，亭高12.5米。亭内御碑高6.8米，宽2.6米，碑厚20公分，重1.8万公斤，为我国最大的古碑之一。碑的正面是康熙皇帝手书的《兰亭集序》的全文，洒脱酣畅。碑阴为乾隆皇帝游兰亭时写的七律一首《兰亭即事》。祖孙二位皇帝的作品刻于同一石碑，人称“祖孙碑”，国内绝无仅有，可以说是国宝。“父子碑”、“君民碑”、“祖孙碑”人称“兰亭三绝”。

各位游客，下面我们再去参观兰亭书法博物馆。1988年竣工的兰亭书法博物馆坐落在御碑亭的西南，占地10亩。过溪流就是书法博物馆，环境十分幽静，真像是世外桃园。博物馆是展示我国书法的悠久历史和陈列古今中外著名作品的地方，同时也可举行书艺交流。

为了满足国内外书法家表达对兰亭和王羲之的敬意，有关部门已规划在这里新建碑廊，现已有沙孟海、启功等书法大师好日本西宫市、日本天溪会先后立了碑，大家可以从中领略到中外书法家的艺术风采。

临池十八缸是兰亭的一个参与性景点，由十八缸、习字坪、太字碑组成。景点根据王献之十八缸临池学书，王羲之点大成太这一典故而来。相传王献之练了三缸水后就不想练了，认为已经写得很不错有些骄傲，有一次他写了一些字拿去给父亲看，王羲之看后觉得写得还不好，特别是其中的一个“大”字，上紧下松，一撇一捺结构太松，于是随手点了一点，变成了“太”字，说“拿给你母亲去看吧”。王羲之夫人看了后，说：“吾儿练了三缸水，唯有一点像羲之。”王献之听后非常惭愧，知道自己的差距，于是刻苦练习书法，练完了十八缸水，长大后也成为著名的书法家。兰亭的介绍到此结束，谢谢大家!

大家好，我是你们这次的导游，今天就由我来给大家讲解颐和园的风景名胜。

请大家随着我走。现在，我手指的这个是著名的长廊。这个长廊可不一般。它全长700多米，分成273间。大家可以看到，每间的横槛上都有许多五彩图画，画得各式各样，有人物、花草、风景，几千幅画没有哪两幅是相同的。难怪被称为“世界第一廊”。

大家往前看，这就是碧波荡漾的昆明湖。这片湖静得像一面镜子。游船经常从这里经过，大家可以听到船上游人们的欢歌笑语。

在昆明湖的上面，就是闻名遐迩的万寿山。站在这里，我们可以看到颐和园的全部风景。站在这里看，整个颐和园真可谓是无比壮观。郁郁葱葱的树丛掩映着黄的绿的琉璃瓦屋顶和朱红的宫墙。

一座八角宝塔形的三层建筑耸立在半山腰上，黄色的琉璃瓦闪闪发光，这就是古香古色的佛香阁。

大家快随我看看这美丽的石桥吧!这座石桥有17个桥洞，叫十七孔桥。桥栏杆上有上百根石柱，柱子上都雕刻着姿态不一的活灵活现的小狮子。

这座在历史上为帝王建造的古典园林，现已成为中国最著名的旅游参观热点之一，每年接待游客数百万人。1986年，颐和园被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。

大家听了我的介绍，也心动了吧!那就亲自到颐和园看看吧!

在三亚看落日真有诗意。夕阳滑落的景象美妙绝伦，一点儿也不比日出逊色。

三亚在海南岛的最南端，被蓝透了的海水围着，洋溢着浓浓的热带风情。蓝蓝的天与蓝蓝的还融为一体，低翔的白鸥掠过蓝蓝的海面，真让人担心洁白的翅尖回被海水蘸蓝了。挺拔俊秀的椰子树，不时在海风中摇曳着碧玉般的树冠。海滩上玉屑银末般的细纱，金灿灿亮闪闪的，软软地暖暖地搔着人们的脚板，谁都想捏一捏，团一团，将它揉成韧韧的面。

活跃了一天的太阳，依旧像一个快乐的孩童。它歪着红扑扑的脸蛋，毫无倦态，潇潇洒洒地从身上抖落下赤朱丹彤，在大海上溅出无数夺目的亮点。于是，天和海都被它的笑颜感染了，金红一色，热烈一片。

时光悄悄地溜走，暑气也跟着阵阵海风徐徐地远离。夕阳也渐渐收敛了光芒，变得温和起来，像一直光焰柔和的大红灯笼，悬在海与天的边缘。兴许是悬得太久的缘故，只见它慢慢地下沉，刚一挨到海面，又平稳地停住了。

它似乎借助了大海的支撑，再一次任性地在这张硕大无朋的床面上顽皮地蹦跳。大海失去了原色，像饱饮了玫瑰酒似的，醉醺醺涨溢出光与彩。人们惊讶得不敢眨眼，生怕眨眼的一瞬间，那盏红灯笼会被一只巨手提走。我瞪大双眼正在欣赏着，突然那落日颤动了两下，最后像跳水员那样，以一个轻快、敏捷的弹跳，再以一个悄然无声、水波不惊的优美姿势入了水，向人们道了“再见”。

There are islands in the lake, and the shape of the moon lake becomes likea maple leaf, with a total of 365 steep stone steps. On the third floor of thetemple, there is a small tower with beautiful scenery. Who is beautiful? It hasbeen built into a mountain cultural village, which can be called the crown ofthe Pearl and the king of the sea dragon. From the foot of the lake to thetemple gate, it is known as "another cave overseas", about one third larger thanthe West Lake in Hangzhou. Among them, the most attractive are Xuanzang templeat the foot of Qinglong mountain in the south of Tan and Wenwu temple on thehillside in the north of tan. The blue waves and the moon shine together. It isan excellent place to enjoy the beautiful scenery of lakes and mountains. Thewater in shuishe village, Yuchi Township, Nantou County, to the south of themountains, radiates beautiful colors. Tourists often compare it with the WestLake, which is worthy of being the outstanding representative of Chinese Taiwansbeautiful scenery. When the sun goes down in the west, it is called "the road toheaven".

The lake is made of stagnant water, and its surface is even wider. It iscalled "zhuziyu". Every time you see the beautiful clothes, the tourists rush toopen the screen. In the sunny spring, it can be said that it is a holyachievement. It is 45-78 meters high and is located to the north of AliMountain. The average water depth is 30 meters. The mainland compatriots arealso proud of its wonderful scenery of "Mingtan emerging from the mountains". Itis also known as the Jade Emperor. It is also known as shuishe Li, including thevillages with beautiful scenery. It is quiet and elegant.

Diefeng, rich in national characteristics, the king of Yue, the scenery ofMingtan, the water spray from the water inlet, appears particularly clean andgloomy, and looks like a bead floating on the water from afar. The beautifulscenery of "the surrounding mountains are like washed by the ground, and theMing Lake embraces Green Pearls" is dedicated to master Xuanzang, an eminentmonk of the Tang Dynasty, but its scenery is still poetic and picturesque,especially in the autumn night! The Sun Moon Lake is not only the pride of thepeople of Chinese Taiwan, but also the four seasons of the year. After the victory ofthe Anti Japanese war.

There are many pavilions and pavilions built at the foot of the mountain,but they reflect peoples yearning for the motherland. They are different. Themountain people are singing and dancing, and the Sun Moon Lake is called themoon lake. It adds more light to the tourists when the sky is high and theclouds are light. It is the largest natural fresh water lake in Chinese Taiwan. Thetemple also worships emperor Shennong and changes its name to "Guanghua island"by flying eaves and picking corners. The poem praises Sun Moon Lake as "greenmountains and green waters". This is the water from the 18 km long tunnel in theupper reaches of the chuoshui river. It is not beautiful. The City God hascolorful feathers, which makes it more elegant. At the top of Qinglong mountainbehind the temple is an octagonal pagoda, which is as powerful as a dragonspitting water. It is called "Cien pagoda". The beautiful natural sceneryaround is dotted with six theme parks, such as temples, pagodas, religions,water society, peacocks and butterflies. Some people say that the name of theSun Moon Lake is not worthy of the name. The top of the building is the waterinlet of the Sun Moon Lake. On the top of the tower, you can see the spire ofthe Six Harmonies tower on the Bank of Xizi lake. Xuanzang temple is built atthe foot of the mountain. West of Sun Moon Lake. There are six theme parks inthe area. In the Qing Dynasty, it was selected as one of the eight scenic spotsin Chinese Taiwan. In fact, there are dozens of peacocks in the two service areas ofDehua society and Dehua society. In the southwest, the lake is like the moon,and everything is quiet. The temple buildings are very gorgeous, and the sceneryis beautiful in the morning and dusk. So that the Sun Moon Lake has a continuousand sufficient source of water. Although the lowlands by the lake are flooded,Sun Moon Lake

hello everyone. In front of the temple, there is a gatehouse with whitepillars and the great emperor of three officials. The spiritual bones of masterXuanzang are worshipped on the top of his head. The mist like gossamer floats onthe lake. The pagoda imitates the style of the ancient pagodas of Liao and Songdynasties. A few years ago, a nine storey tower was built, which is the firstheaven of the Yuan Dynasty and the mountains and rivers of the motherland. Thereis a small island in the Sun Moon Lake.

Qun and Guan Yu. In the northeast of the island, the lake is as round asthe sun. In the temple, there is a plaque of "national mage". It is a uniquePeacock Garden. It is located in the old shuishalian, surrounded by emeraldmountains, with small bells hanging at the end of each eaves. When the morninglight rises, it suddenly changes into a reservoir of hydropower station.

From a distance, you can hear the roar of the current like thunder. Thereare mountains in the water. Some people jokingly say that it will take "a year"to get there. The moon shines brightly on the lake. In order to celebrateChinese Taiwans recovery and nature, the embankments are winding and mysterious. Zengzuolin, a native of the Qing Dynasty, once used the phrase "water in themountains, water in the mountains, panoramic view of the mountains; the vastlake, especially the performance of chunmis" Pestle Dance "to attract manytourists. Although similar to myth, it is lovely green, overlooking the towerand waterfowl. With a circumference of 35 kilometers, there are eight specialscenic spots around the lake. The water of the lake is blue. Now the dam isbuilt beside the lake, with a water area of more than 900 hectares. In case ofdrizzle, the water is as flat as a mirror, which is collectively referred to asSun Moon Lake, which is like a fairyland

各位游客们你们好：

此刻我们就来到了碑林。顾名思义，它的意思就是“碑石丛立如林”，这座博物馆始建于公元1087年，距今已有900余年的历史了。它是收藏我国古代碑石时光最早、数量最多的一座艺术宝库。所以，人们又将其称为“石质书库”。西安碑林是在保存唐代石经的基础上发展起来的。

各位游客，那里主要陈列唐代著名书法家书写的碑石，历来都是人们学习书法的范本。其中有唐初著名书法家欧阳询书写的《皇甫诞碑》，以及他的儿子，也就是欧阳通书写的《道因法师碑》。有颜真卿书写的《多宝塔碑》、《颜氏家庙碑》，还有晚唐柳公权书写的《玄秘塔碑。和怀仁和尚的〈大唐三藏圣教序碑〉。〈大唐三藏圣教序碑〉又被称为“千金贴”。那里还有中外驰名的〈大秦景教流行中国碑〉。唐代书法是我国书法艺术史上的高峰时代。长期的政治稳定和社会发展为文化的繁荣创造了条件。自唐太宗以来历任皇帝的酷爱和提倡，造就了全社会对书法的普遍重视。一大批书法家涌现出来，如同百花齐放。

好了各位，这天我们的碑林博物馆之行到那里就全部结束了。请你们自我参观。感谢各位的参观，多谢！

Have your friends:

Rest well last night? After last nights rest, we all have. Then our spirit one hundred times to the scenic spot of today. The magnificent Yangtze river three gorges and my service will bring you a pleasant journey.

Someone said: "dont walk in the three gorges, not been to the Yangtze river. Dont swim in the three gorges, not understanding the Yangtze river." By the time we are about to set sail, xiao Yang to the whole situation of the Yangtze river three gorges do a simple introduction to you all.

First of all I want for you to introduce the three gorges, Yangtze river is the longest river in China, is the worlds third longest river, it is second only to the Nile river in Africa and the amazon river in South America, mount tunggula of its source on qinghai-tibet plateau in China through qinghai, Tibet, yunnan, sichuan, chongqing, hubei, hunan, jiangxi, anhui, jiangsu, Shanghai and other 11 provinces and autonomous regions, and finally into the east China sea, the total length of 6300 km, the Yangtze basin accounts for 1/5 of the land area in China, the Yangtze river is divided into three sections, yichang above for upstream, yichang to middle of bayou, 13 below for downstream.

The Yangtze river three gorges is composed of qutang gorge, wu gorge, xiling. It stretches from chongqing fengjie treasure and ends at nanjinguan yichang in hubei province, the total length of 193 km, is one of the top ten scenic spots in China, as the saying goes. The chongqing to tour the Yangtze river three gorges, is a lifelong regret.

We have already cant wait to visit! Ok, we ship with 5 minutes are going to reach the destination. Please prepare, carrying their belongings as well, especially valuables, must not be forgotten in the boat, ready to get out, thank you!

金叶桃源温泉度假村是按照四星级标准独资兴建，位于中国最南端的省份海南省万宁市兴隆温泉旅游度假城内，度假村主楼以泰式风格情调设计，大堂富丽堂皇、宽敞明亮，是一个园林式的温泉旅游休闲度假村。

度假村占地面积189亩，拥有商务套房、豪华双人房、豪华情侣房、豪华三人间、标准双人房等共660间。度假村拥有5个游泳池，分别为儿童游泳池、地下温泉游泳池、滑水游泳池、深水游泳池和多功能游泳池。度家假村设有中餐厅、歌舞厅、美发美容中心、桑拿健身中心、商务中心、会议厅、商场、大型停车场等，设施配套齐全。

度假村还设有钓鱼台，钓鱼台水面占地面积68亩，可供游客开车观光游览、钓鱼、烧烤等活动。在这里环境琦丽，仿佛是一片世外桃源，是您旅游观光、度假休闲的好去处。

朋友们，说起滨海休闲度假胜地，可能你会想到澳大利亚的黄金海岸、西班牙的阳光海岸、法国的蓝色海岸等，这些都是世界上著名的旅游休闲度假胜地，也是许多人梦想的度假天堂，海南作为一个国际旅游岛，滨海旅游资源丰富，有着一个可以与这些著名度假海岸相媲美的地方,那就是我们将前往的海口市假日海滩旅游区。

假日海滩旅游区位于海口市的西海岸，北临琼州海峡，东起西秀海滩，西至贵族游艇会，全长约7 公里。是一个开放式、生态型的热带海滨公园，同时也是我国的4A 级旅游景区。是海口市市民在节假日里休闲、度假的好去处，更是到海口旅游的游客观赏美景、品味海韵、体验人生的绝佳之处。

假日海滩的美是无以言表的，滨海观光公路和花木相间的轮滑休闲小道，宛如丝带从东往西贯穿整个景区。景区内的西秀海滩、印象海南岛海胆剧场、假日海滩、热带雨林博览园及一些高星级酒店、住宅区和高尔夫球会等，就像是串在丝带上的颗颗明珠，晶莹剔透，熠熠夺目。站在沙滩上，在阳光的照射下，从近及远，你就会看到这里的海水呈现出从黄绿色、绿色、蓝色、到深蓝色的奇妙变化，你会感受到大海的博大精深、大自然的神奇莫测。如果到了傍晚，夕阳西下，你入住在假日海滩边的某一酒店，在海景阳台上泡一杯清茶(咖啡)，举目远眺，海鸥飞翔，渔歌唱晚，霞光满天，天地间仿佛都是金黄。此时，可能你的灵魂都会被这美景感染，会觉得生活是这样的美好，人生是这样的奇妙，

假日海滩也就成为了你今生不可忘怀的地方。

假日海滩旅游区目前已经成为海口市市民休闲娱乐，放飞心灵的美丽空间。这里的西秀海滩是海南省和国家帆板队的训练基地，当运动队训练时，碧海蓝天，千帆竞速之景象在整个中国也是绝无公有。

假日海滩是旅游区的中心地带，是海口市区唯一正规的海滨浴场，也是从海上眺望海口城市远景的最佳视点。现在假日海滩已经成为了海口市市民在假日里休闲放松的重要场所，成为了海口人平常休闲生活的一部分。假日海滩除了海滨浴场外，还有烧烤、温泉、游泳、沙滩排球、海上摩托艇等休闲娱乐项目。

假日海滩景区众多明珠中最闪烁的要数“印象·海南岛”的表演及其海胆剧场了。大型实景演出“印象·海南岛”是世界著名导演张艺谋以及他的“印象·铁三角”团队既20xx年奥运会开幕式后的力作。演出将时尚、休闲、浪漫的元素带给游客，通过新颖的艺术形式演绎出海南岛上真正的海岛风情，将大家带入一种新型的旅游文化体验之旅。而“印象·海南岛”的表演剧场造型构思来源于海洋珍稀生物海胆，是中国首个仿生剧场，陆地与海洋在这里浑然天成，成为海口文化旅游新地标。 剧场呈半封闭式结构，内部设施先进，可容纳 1600 人观看演出。观众坐在“印象剧场” 看台上，宛如置身于细软绵延的沙滩，在三位国内顶级艺术家的引领下，尽情展开对大海的浪漫畅想，感受美丽海南岛的印象之美。

好了，朋友们，椰风习习，海韵声声，我们现在已经来到了海口西海岸的假日海滩景区了，让我们一起带着对大海美好的向往，去体验椰风海韵醉游人的美好情怀吧。

各位游客，大家好!我是澳门历史城区的导游，大家可以叫我“小张”。希望大家可以从我的讲解中体会澳门历史城区的魅力。

澳门历史城区在20xx年正式给列入《世界文化遗产名录》中，是中国第31处世界遗产。

被列入澳门历史城区的地点有：大三巴牌坊、妈阁庙、大炮台、玫瑰圣母教堂等等，它们是澳门历史城区中内现最古老、规模最大、保存最大、保存最整和最集中的东西方风格共存建筑。

大三巴牌坊本是圣保禄教堂，但因1835年1月26日黄昏，圣保禄教堂失火，一发不可收拾，烧了两个多小时，幸好教堂最珍贵的前壁仍能保存屹立，才成为今日的大三牌坊。

玫瑰圣母教堂给我的第一印象是：它像一个黄白色的奶油蛋糕。它的表面有黄色、白色和深绿色，它的门、窗是深绿色的，其它地方是黄色和白色的。教堂顶上有一个小十字架。教堂里面很宽敞，装修得很像皇宫。

妈阁庙是中葡文化融合起点，也是澳门最著名的名胜古迹之一，至今已逾五百年，是澳门三大禅院中最古者。进入妈阁庙有一小段阶梯要走，两边栏杆上都有一只大狮子守着。

大炮台建于公元1620xx年明宗年间，是中国最古老的西式炮台之一，本属教会所有，用于保护圣保禄教士而兴建，用以防范海盗，后转为军事设施区，在1620xx年抵御荷兰人入侵时发挥了重要作用。大炮台上有一大片空地已建成花园，绿草如茵，古木参天，古炮雄距于旁，从这里可以看见澳门全景，还可以看见大三巴牌坊。

澳门历史城区保存了澳门四百多年中西文化交流的历史精髓。

Dear guests

Hello! Entrusted by the tourism and reception departments, I would like toextend a warm welcome to all the guests visiting Qufu, a famous city. I am veryglad to be accompanied by a tour guide. This is a good opportunity for us toenjoy and study together. Please leave your valuable comments after reading.

First of all, I would like to briefly introduce the history and culturalrelics of Qufu.

Qufu, a famous historical and cultural city, is the hometown of Confucius,a great thinker, educator, politician, literature arranger and sage of the worldin ancient China, the hometown of Mencius, the birthplace of Xuanyuan YellowEmperor, the ancestor of the Chinese nation, the capital of Yan Emperor, thehometown of Shang and Yin, and the capital of Lu. Four of the three emperors andfive emperors lived and worked here for more than 5000 years. There are abundanttreasures underground and numerous cultural relics on the ground. At present,there are 112 cultural relics, including UN protected units, 3 World CulturalHeritage sites, 4 national protected sites, 12 provincial protected sites, andothers protected at prefecture level.

The most important ones are "three Confucius, two temples and onemausoleum", "three mountains, two forests and one temple". Confucius Temple,Confucius Mansion and Confucius forest are commonly known as "three Confucius".There are temples dedicated to Zhou Gong, the sage of the Yuan Dynasty in China,and temples dedicated to Fusheng Yanhui, the first disciple of Confucius, whichare commonly known as "two temples"; Yiling is SHAOHAO mausoleum in Shouqiu, thebirthplace of Yellow Emperor; Sanshan; and Jiuxian mountain (also known asJiushan), the birthplace of Confucius. The second forest is: mengmulin, the bestmother to educate children in the world, lianggonglin, the burial place ofConfucius parents; "Yisi" is the place where Li Bai and Du Fu wrote poems,answered correctly and parted. The famous scholar Kong Shangren lived inseclusion in Shimen temple, the national garden.

Now lets look at the Confucius Temple.

Confucius Temple, also known as Zhisheng temple, is a place for offeringsacrifices to Confucius and his wife Qi Guan and 72 sages. Together with theForbidden City in Beijing and Chengde summer resort in Hebei, Confucius Templeis known as Chinas three major ancient architectural complexes. Experts saidfour words to Confucius Temple: the oldest, the most grand, the most completepreservation, and the most prominent Oriental architectural features. Twoproblems can be seen from the Confucius Temple: one is the great contribution ofConfucius to China and even the oriental culture; the other is that China hascraftsmen in history.

Confucius Temple was built in 478 BC, the year after Confucius died. In theformer residence of Confucius, three temples were built to display Confuciusclothes, cars, books and so on. The Confucius Temple was expanded by emperors ofall dynasties, including 15 major repairs, 31 medium repairs and hundreds ofminor repairs, reaching the present scale. The Confucius Temple imitates theimperial palace. It is divided into three layout, nine courtyards. It has 466houses and 54 gates and pavilions. It runs through a central axis from east towest. There are nearly one thousand steles, covering an area of 327.5 mu, whichis two Li and 150 meters long. The Confucius Temple we see now is the scale ofthe Hongzhi period of the Ming Dynasty. After liberation, the state allocatedfunds for maintenance and protection for many times. The first batch of nationalkey cultural relic protection units announced by China were listed as worldcultural heritage in December 1994, and became cultural relic units protected bythe United Nations. Confucius Temple has been built for a long time, has a largescale, and is completely preserved, which is rare in the world.

Shinto. "Wanren palace wall" before the ancient cypress vigorous thissection of the road is "Shinto". In front of important temples, there is aspecial way of respecting and understanding, which is called "Shinto".

Wanren palace wall. This gate is the South Gate of Ming City in Qufu, andit is also the first gate of Confucius Temple. It is hung with the fourcharacters of "Wanren palace wall", which was written by Emperor Qianlong ofQing Dynasty. It comes from Zi Gong, the proud disciple of Confucius. At themeeting of the state of Lu, it was proposed that Zigongs knowledge was broadand profound, which could be compared with Confucius. Zigong stood upimmediately and said, I dare not compare with my teacher Confucius. Humanknowledge is like a wall. My wall is only one Ren high, and my teachers wall isseveral Ren high. That is to say, my knowledge is equal to a shoulder high,clear at a glance, nothing profound; Confucius knowledge is several times asmuch as mine, after detailed research, comprehensive discussion, we canunderstand all of him, after entering the door, we can see the beauty of thetemple, you cant see it outside the door. In order to describe Confuciusprofound knowledge, later generations changed from the masters wall to "hundredRen" and "thousand Ren" to the emperor of Ming Dynasty who granted Confucius thetitle of "civil servant in the world, imperial teacher of all dynasties", andpraised Confucius knowledge as "ten thousand Ren". Looking up, we cant see thetop. It also said that the wall was very solid. These four words were originallywritten by the imperial envoy of Ming Dynasty. In order to show that he attachedgreat importance to Confucius, Qianlong replaced his imperial pen with hispersonal letter "Wanren palace wall".

Jin Sheng Yu Zhen Fang. This workshop was built in Ming Dynasty to expressConfucius exquisite and perfect knowledge, just like the whole process ofplaying music, which is complete from beginning to end. Ancient music beginswith the ringing of a bell, which starts with the sound of "the beginning oforder" and ends with the striking of a chime. The sound of "jade vibration" isthe sound of the falling of the chime, which is called "the end of order".Praising Confucius knowledge is a great achievement of the sages and sages, soit is called "the sound of gold and the sound of jade vibration". The sound of"golden sound" is the sound of the bell, which starts with the sound of "jadevibration" and ends with the sound of the chime. This is also the source of theidiom "start and finish". "Jin Sheng Yu Zhen" was written by Hu zuanzong, agreat calligrapher in Ming Dynasty.

"Two cypresses bear one hole". There is an ancient cypress in the East andwest of the single hole stone arch bridge passing yuzhenfang, so it is called"two cypresses bear one hole". This bridge is called "Panshui bridge", which isconnected with the water in the pan pool beside the palace, so it is called "panwater". In the past, when I read the book of Confucius and Mencius, I wasadmitted to higher education, which is called "entering hope". Officials hope tobe promoted, do business, hope to get rich, and live a prosperous life.

Dismount monument. Outside the temple wall, there are two stone tablets,the Xiama tablet and Xiajiao tablet, which were set up in 1191 ad. The stele inthe West had been destroyed, and the stele in the East said, "officials andpeople wait to get off here.". In the past, civil and military officials andcommon people passed by, dismounted and walked on foot to show respect forConfucius and Confucius Temple.

Lattice star gate. It was built in the Ming Dynasty and rebuilt in 1754 ad.it was made of wood instead of iron and stone. "Lingxingmen" was written byEmperor Qianlong. It is said that there are twenty-eight constellations in thesky. Among them, there is a star in charge of culture called "Lingxing", alsoknown as "Wenqu star" and "tianzhenxing". It connects Confucius with the star incharge of culture in the sky and says that he is the highest in culture. Forexample, in the past, when worshiping heaven, we should first worship "Wenqustar". There is a saying that respecting Confucius is like respectingheaven.

Taihe Yuanqi square. This workshop was built in 1544 A.D. in the MingDynasty. It highly praises Confuciuss idea that "the space universe can nurtureall things.". "The harmony of heaven and earth, the harmony of the four sides,the harmony of yin and Yang" is the most basic thing, the harmony of theuniverse and the vitality of the human world. "Taihe Yuanqi" is written by ZengMian, governor of Shandong Province.

The most holy temple. The "Zhisheng Temple Square" built in the MingDynasty is made of white marble, decorated with flame jewels.

The world of moral Mou, the road crown ancient and modern. The East andwest of the Taoist temple are lined with a very strange memorial archway.Surrounded by wooden corner edges, there are a thousand heads and ten thousandcontinuations. There are eight monsters under it, which are called "Heavendragon and God lion". It is said that it is dignified and inspired, which candrive away evil and uphold justice. In the eastern memorial archway, it waswritten: "demou heaven and earth", saying that the benefits of Confucius ideasto human beings are as high as heaven and earth, and the merits and virtues canbe compared with heaven and earth. The memorial archway in the West reads"Daoguan ancient and modern", praising Confucius thoughts and methods, whichare the highest in the world.

Holy time gate. The three gates are parallel, the four platforms are thesame as above, and the central Panlong. The name of this gate comes fromMencius. For the four ancient sages, Boyi, Yiyin, liuxiahui and Confucius,Mencius summed up the Four Saints holy deeds into four sentences: Boyi is thesage of the Qing Dynasty, Yiyin is the sage of the appointed, liuxiahui is thesage of the sum, and Confucius is the sage of the time. "Shengshi" highlypraises Confucius thought, advocates enduring, and is a sage suitable for thetimes. When the emperor came to Qufu to court Confucius, he had to kneel downthree times and knock nine times, and walk through the gate of holy time. WhenYan Shenggong was born, he opened the gate of holy time. All go fast, the gateis high.

Lets have a quick look at the gate. That is to say, Confucius knowledgeof "Five Classics and four books" means that those who learn first have culturefirst, and those who learn first have knowledge first. They compete to learn,and it is a pleasure to see first and read first.

Look up at the door. It was named after Yan Huis praise of Confucius. YanHui said that the teachers way is to raise the top and drill the bottom. PraiseConfucius for his lack of knowledge, which is called "Mi Gao". It is difficultto understand classical Chinese, which is called "Mi Jian". Gao is notunattainable, but can be learned through hard work. Yan Hui said, "the masterfollowed the rules and was good at attracting people. He learned from me inwriting and said that I was polite." My teacher is good at persuasion, teachingme culture and courtesy.

Han stone man. In the pavilion of yanggaomenli, there are two Han stonepeople with high historical value. One is the "Pavilion leader" (a localofficial of Han Dynasty), and the other is the pawn of the palace gate. They areall guards in front of the tomb of the king of Lu. The stone man is valued bythe ancient scholars of epigraphy, which is of great value to the study of HanDynasty clothing and writing.

Jinshui bridge, this bridge, with the same name as the bridge in front ofthe Forbidden City, is also called Jinshui bridge, also known as Bishui bridge,with three holes arranged in a row and green water rippling.

Hongdaomen. Crossing jinshuiqiao is the "hongdaomen" appointed by theemperor of Ming Dynasty, which means "people can promote Taoism, not Taoism" inthe Analects of Confucius. Confucius is an ordinary literati, why become asaint? Praise Confucius summed up the experience of sages, especially carryforward the Yao, Shun, Yu Tang, civil and military Zhou Gongs way. "To say thatpeople can command and create everything is to praise peoples subjectiveinitiative." There are two stone tablets under the Hongdao gate. The four edgedstone tablet in the East is the "history of Qufu", which records the history ofQufus evolution. It was established in the Yuan Dynasty and has high historicalvalue. In the west is the "epitaph of Mr. Chushi", which has high calligraphyvalue.

Big middle gate. Dazhongmen is the gate of Confucius Temple in SongDynasty. It is called "Zhonghe gate", which means that problems can be solvedeasily with Confucius thoughts. In the Ming Dynasty, the temple was renamed as"the great gate of the middle", praising Confucius knowledge as a collection ofhuman knowledge. In the middle, it means "the right way of the world in themiddle, the theorem of the world in the middle". Those who leave the middle arenot the right way, but the evil way. That is to say, no left, no right, fair andjust, forward is the mean. There are two turrets at the East and West ends ofDazhong gate, which are used to guard the Confucius Temple.

Tongwenmen, four famous brands, Confucian temple. There are four monumentsin the middle gate. The tablet of Hongzhi in the west of the Ming Dynasty talksabout the ethics of the cardinal principles. On the right side of the Hongzhimonument is the "Confucian temple map" drawn by Li Dongyang, a talented man ofthe Ming Dynasty in Changsha, Hunan Province, which is of high value.

Chenghua stele was erected by Zhu Jianshen, the emperor of Chenghua in MingDynasty. There are two situations that have attracted the attention ofcelebrities of all ages. First, Chenghua tablets regular script is wellwritten, standardized, exquisite and attractive; The second is the highestevaluation of Confucius. Emperors of all dynasties have commented on Confucius.The highest evaluation is emperor Chenghua. He compares Confucius ideas andmethods to eating, dressing and spending money. One day is inseparable fromthem. With Confucius principles and methods, one can make the best use of onestalents, materials and land. Otherwise, it will be a mess. It is said that ifthere is Confucius way, there will be a world. If there is no Confucius way,there will be no world. If there is anti Confucius way, there will be no world.Such as the inscription said: "I only have Confuciuss way, the world can not bewithout Yan, there is Confuciuss way, then the principle of justice and ethics,everything has its own place..., Confuciuss way in the world, such as cloth SuShu, peoples livelihood daily use can not be short of,... Born Confuciusvertical for the holy, lifes safety, benevolence and righteousness in theright, the rise of the teachers way, from travel 3000, to the holy is thenext."

Tongwenmen. The meaning of the word "human heart" is the same as that ofthe text. That is to say, only with concerted efforts and unity can we do a goodjob; the writing should be unified, only with unified writing can we record theexperience of historical communication, and random writing will lead toconfusion. Tongwen gate is an important barrier in front of Kuiwen Pavilion.

Kuiwen Pavilion, originally a library, is a place for collecting booksgranted by the emperor. It was built in the second year of emperor Tianxi ofSong Dynasty (A.D. 1018), and was changed into "kuiwenge" when Jin Zhangzongrebuilt it. This unique and majestic building is entirely of wood structure,which is an isolated example in the construction of China building. Afterseveral earthquakes, kuiwenge was not destroyed. In the earthquake of Kangxi 5years in Qing Dynasty, "nine out of ten houses fell, one out of ten remained,and kuiwenge remained motionless.". Li Dongyang, the Minister of the Ministry ofofficial in Ming Dynasty, wrote "kuiwenge Fu", praising the architecturalresearch value of kuiwenge. Its the stele at the east end of the corridor.

In front of the pavilion, the eastern and Western courtyards are called"zhaisu", which is a place for worshippers to fast and bathe. Dongyuan is theresidence of Yan Shenggong, where Kangxi and Qianlong spent their time to wash.The West courtyard is the shelter of the sacrificial staff. Kong zhaoxun, theseventy-one generation grandson of Confucius, inlaid more than 130 steles in thetemple for worshiping Confucius in the song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties onthe wall of the courtyard, so xizhaisu is also known as the stele courtyard.

Thirteen stele pavilions. This is the sixth courtyard of the ConfuciusTemple. There are 55 steles in the pavilion, which were erected in Tang, song,Jin, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. The contents of the steles are the emperors,Imperial Envoys worship of Confucius, the posthumous title and evaluation ofConfucius. The records of the previous construction of the Confucius Temple arewritten in Han, Manchu, Mongolian and basiba languages. Eight in the South andfive in the north, so it is called thirteen stele pavilions. Because they areall steles approved by the emperor, they are also called imperial stelepavilions. The third and sixth pavilions in the front row from the East werebuilt in the Jin Dynasty and are rare buildings in China. All the steles arecalled "imperial steles". "Mian" is the mascot. It is said that the Dragon Kinghas nine sons, and it is the eighth son. It loves "Wen" and is good at carryingheavy loads. The stone tablet has heavy characters, which is suitable for itscharacteristics. The image should be the dragon head, turtle body, Eagle leg andsnake tail.

From the east to the north, the third Pavilion is a monument erected byEmperor Kangxi. Beijing Xishan stone by the Grand Canal, economic South andtransported here. Experts calculate that the monument weighs 130000 Jin. It wassplashed with water and frozen along the way from Jining. Sometimes it came overon the ice and only went to the land of lying cattle one day. Qufu originallyhad good stones, which should be transported from Beijing to show the emperorsattention to Confucius. There are two steles in the southeast and southwest ofthe courtyard, all of which are the records of the princes and ministers whobuilt temples and worshipped Confucius. The calligraphy value is very high.

There is one gate in the East and one in the west, Yucui gate in the Eastand Guande gate in the West. Commonly known as Donghuamen, xihuamen.

From here, the Confucius Temple is divided into three routes. The fivegates are Dacheng gate, Jinsheng gate on the left, Yuzhen gate on the right,Qisheng gate on the West and Chengsheng gate on the East. The architecturalstructure of dachengmen is "intertwined, intriguing". The center is inserted as"hook center", and the top of the left and right four corners is "bucket angle".The three characters of dachengmen were written by Emperor Yongzheng. PraiseConfucius is a collection of sages and sages, reached the supreme realm.

The first teacher planted juniper by hand. The tall and vigorous cypresstree on the left of Dacheng gate was planted by Confucius. According to records:Confucius cut three cypress trees here. In the second year of Jin Zhenyou (A.D.1214), they were destroyed by fire. The trees withered and sprouted newbranches. There were "three withers and three glories", and there was a sayingthat "cypress trees were flourishing every day.". During the Wanli period of theMing Dynasty, Yang Guangxun, a gifted scholar, wrote five characters: "the firstteacher planted cypress by hand.".

Two long corridors. On both sides of the two equal rows of houses, a totalof 80, known as the "East and West veranda", is dedicated to 72 sages. Confuciusis known as a disciple of three thousand, 72 people who are proficient in sixarts, literature and martial arts, worshipped in the East and West. All theemperors of the past dynasties were entitled to the sages. Such as DongZhongshu, Han Yu, Wang Mingyang, Zhuge Liang, Kou Zhun, Yue Fei and so on. Bythe time of the Republic of China, there were 156. The last sage is Mr. LiangQichao. The original statues and tablets were changed to wooden tablets.Dongxiwu now displays a collection of Zhonggui stone carvings before the SongDynasty. The most precious national treasures of Zhou gongxunzi and batpracticing medicine are 22 stone inscriptions of Han and Wei dynasties. The"ritual stele", "Yiying stele", "Shichen stele", "Zhang Menglong stele" and "MiFu stele" with extremely high calligraphy value are rare treasures. There aremore than 100 pieces of "Han Dynasty stone carvings" on display in Xiwu. Theyare all well-known art treasures and precious materials for the study of Han,Wei and other historical and social life. There are 584 stone inscriptions ondisplay at the north end of the East veranda, which are the yuhonglou sutraswritten by Kong Jisu, the 69 generation grandson of Confucius.

Apricot altar. It was built in memory of Confucius lecture. Confucius wasteaching to his disciples on the platform under the big apricot tree. In 1018A.D. of Song Dynasty, Confucius had 45 generations

亲爱的游客们，大家好!欢迎来到北京著名的旅游景点——天坛。我是你们的导游丁培，大家可以叫我丁导。

天坛是以前皇帝祭天的地方，始建于明朝，是我国被列入《世界遗产名录》的29处景观之一。下面请大家跟着我，一起去参观天坛的主体建筑——祈年殿。

祈年殿建于1420xx年，是天坛最早的建筑物，也是北京旅游的标志。1751年修缮后，改名为祈年殿。1889年毁于雷火，数年后按原样重建，就是我们现在看到的样子。祈年殿四周的围墙是方方正正的，而祈年殿本身从下至上都是圆形的，这代表了“天圆地方”。殿中有28根柱子，分为三种：第一种是最长也是最精美、红色雕金的四根柱子，位于中央，叫“龙柱”，代表春夏秋冬四个季节。第二种是位于中圈朱红色的十二根柱子，叫“金柱”，代表一年中的十二个月。第三种是位于外圈与殿身成一体的十二根巨柱，叫“檐柱”，代表一天中的十二个时辰。第二种加第三种24根柱子代表了一年中的24个节气，三种总共28根柱子代表了28个星宿。据说祈年殿是仿照古代明堂设计建造的。天坛的美景说也说不尽，看也看不完，大家可以细细欣赏。

天坛公园是文化遗产、名胜古迹，游玩时请注意爱护文物，不要乱涂乱抹，并注意环境卫生。两小时后我们大门口见，祝大家玩得开心!

中国明清两代的皇宫，又称紫禁城，地点位于北京城中心。开始建造与明永乐四年至十八年，也就是现在说的1420xx年至1420xx年，后来经过多个朝代的劳动人民细心修改，变的非常的富丽堂皇，但仍保持着原来的布局和规模，是世界上保存的最完整、规模最大的古代木构架宫殿建筑群。

中国故宫设有四个门，南门正中面是午门、北边是神武门、东为东华门，西为西华门，四门个建有重檐庑殿顶门楼。这座城的四个角都还布有一些结构精巧、外观秀丽的角楼。

外面的墙有10米多高，还有护城河宽52米，长3800米。整个建筑群按南北中间的中轴线为对称布局，层次分明，主次有序。文化殿是皇帝听大臣讲书的地方，武英殿是皇帝吃饭、居住和召见大臣的地方。后三宫、东西六宫和乾清宫和坤宁宫通直御花园。坤宁宫和乾清宫是内廷的正殿、正寝，是皇帝、太后和皇后的正式居住场所，平均面积宽九间，为重檐庑殿顶。前三殿是全宫最大的建筑群，占地面积有达8。5万平方米，是宫城的12%，后三供则为前三殿的25%，期于宫殿依次递减，主要突出前三殿、后三宫的主要地位。1961年定位中国第一批全国重点文物保护单位，故宫被联合过教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。

各位团友，大家好!

前几天，我们在参观南越王墓、陈家祠等等许多广州古建筑时都见到不少红色的砂岩石块或石雕，今天我就要带大家去参观这些石材的出处——莲花山古采石场。

中华民族学会采石远远早于四大发明的出现。当年建造城墙、宫殿和皇室陵墓，都需要大量的条石，各地也就有自己的采石场。大家看到的那些巨大壮观的石条石块，都会赞叹不已，但相信没有太多人知道先人是如何采集这些石块的。所以今天我就带大家去开一开眼界。

莲花山目前有四大景区：石景区、莲花古洞景区、野营游乐区和文物古迹区。“莲花圣境”是广州市十大旅游美景和番禺八大旅游美景之一。其中石景区就是我们要看的主要内容：一座有XX年开采历史的古采石场。千百年来古代劳动人民凭一锤一钎将一座一座石山开采出来，经过自然风化造就无数悬崖峭壁、奇岩异洞，如：莲花岩、燕子岩、飞鹰岩、八仙岩、观音岩、莲花石、南天门、神仙桥、仙人榻、云梯、无底洞、莲花飞瀑等等。真是“人工无意夺天工”，千姿百态，雄伟壮观，非“叹为观止”四字可以形容，是国内最具旅游和科研价值的“人工丹霞”奇迹。这里更有模仿古代采石的现代采石场，让游人了解古人采石的技术。

据地质学家考证，莲花山石为红色砂砾岩，可作磨刀石，广州市内的“岭南第一楼”——镇海楼的楼基和西汉南越王墓墓室的巨型石板都是红砂岩，基本上可以证实都是从莲花山开采的。广东省内还有几处古采石场，以东莞和南海最为着名。东莞的采石场，在石碑附近，那里的石质为红色砂岩，岩体通斥，中间有沙砾。由于当年工匠分工、分地开采，留下了一间间石房子般的遗迹，所以那里又有个古名，叫“十八房”。另一个重要的采石场在南海西樵山上的石燕岩，因为采石采成洞后许多燕子住在那里而得名。

莲花山是由45座红色砂岩低山组成，其中有座麒麟峰，峰顶上有块圆形的巨大岩石，形状极像一朵含苞待放的莲花，所以这里才得名为莲花山。莲花山上还耸立着一座莲花古塔，建于明代，是广东省保存最为完好的砖木结构塔。由当时的番禺人李惟风等人兴建，应该是一座风水塔，因为广东人相信许多大河大江口都必须有一座镇水宝塔才不会发生水害，不过它也一直起到航标的作用。

这座塔为八角形的楼阁式砖塔，红墙绿瓦，高近60米，外面看起来是9层，里面其实是11层，非常奇特。每层塔檐都为绿色的琉璃瓦和瓦当，屋檐角挂有风铃，风过即发出阵阵脆响。里面的通道极狭窄，只能容下一人通过，两人相遇时，其中一人要退到楼层的中厅避让。登临塔顶，可以看得很远，远眺漫漫珠江中的百舸争流和更远处的田园风光。这座塔由于雄踞珠江入海口处，是往来船只测定方位和指点航向的坐标，所以又有“省会华表”的美誉。它与广州市郊的琶洲塔、赤岗塔一起合称“珠江三支樯”。

莲花塔下有莲花城，有“广东长城”之称，它建于康熙三年(公元1664年)，面积约1万平方米，城建在山顶，俯瞰珠江航道，是一个重要的军事据点。战争期间，林则徐率兵在城内驻防，把它作为抗击英军的第二道防线(第一道在虎门)，至今城墙仍保存良好，山脚下有宽达1万多平方米的岩洞，是林则徐当年的将帅府，里面已经修复如旧，可以看到兵营等遗址。

进入石景区，很快便感到惊险丛生，向右一转就是通往燕子岩的小径。小径都是建在悬崖峭壁之上，峭壁下就是深深的碧潭，这都是当年石匠们采空了石材留下的遗迹，后来雨水积蓄，确确实实有“如临深渊，如履薄冰”的感觉，两股战抖，心底发寒。着名的燕子岩兀然而立的巨石大约有近40米高，上面居然有一双层小亭，有回廊连接山径。小亭周围都是悬崖峭壁，三四十米高，如刀削般，就像智力在幽幽的水潭里，实在是鬼斧神工，面前是两帘瀑布，潺潺而下。

燕子岩下，有石板小桥，迂回于悬崖峭壁和清潭之间。沿石径迤逦前行，左手就是莲花石，过茂林修竹，石洞石桥，可以看到着名的“百福图”。这里雕有一百个福字，难就难在这一百个福属于各种各样的字体，有篆体、隶书、楷书、行草、行楷等等，没有一个是重复的，可惜现在的字迹有些脱落，颜色斑驳，但仍然可以想象当年雕凿时的艰难。一路向前走，还会经过石梯、石廊、石桥、白莲池、浴仙池、观音岩，狮子岩等景区，许多石壁上都有历朝历代的题刻，各具特色，千姿百态，令人叹为观止。

1994年.在古迹区削平了一个山头，耸立起一尊用260吨青铜铸成，高36.88米的望海观音，开辟了“观音圣境”。整个观音像外贴180两金箔，金光灿灿，耀人眼目，加上下面的石座莲花高4米，所以总高度达40.88米，耸立在莲花山顶，面向浩瀚的狮子洋，使航行在珠江的大小船舶多了一个航标。入夜，四周强烈灯光照耀下就像观音显圣一样，让夜航的船舶又多了一座灯塔。莲花山“望海观音”像是目前金箔铜像的世界之最。大型仿古建筑观音阁，内设大小观音一千座，是目前世界最大的观音阁。广东以及香港、澳门的善男信女，都千里迢迢前来参拜，人潮络绎不绝，香火极旺。莲花山旅游区还在每年6~8月举办盛大的莲花节，展出上百个品种，数千缸莲花，是广州地区旅游传统大节庆活动之一。