黑格尔的介绍（最新20篇）

常家庄园特色赫然于世!到常家庄园去观光，走马观花也得有足够的时间和精力。用最精练的语言来概括，主要建筑和景观为“一山一阁、两轩、四园、五院、六水、九堂、八帖、十三亭、二十五廊、二十七宅院”。数字相加，也得有百余处开放于游览者。从布局上看，主体建筑以雄浑方正的北式庭院为主体，每个正院均分内外两进，外院南房倒座一律临街，东侧辟各式门楼。前院有东西厢房各五间，正北则又一处倒座南房，正中设垂花门。里院则呈长方形，庭院宽敞，约为外院一倍，上房与南房相对称，东西各有厢房十、九、八间不等。如上房、南房各达八间时，便按正五偏三的模式，隔出偏院，从不越“方正”之规、“等级”之矩，充分显示了名门望族的气势。但其附属建筑却又充分显示了南国园林建筑的“灵秀”，使“方正”中浸透了“绮丽”。常家大院的绮丽，主要展示在三个方面。

美丽常家庄园(2)首先是每所方正院落的里院正中都建有一座木结构的牌楼，飞檐斗拱小巧玲珑。牌楼两侧各有砖雕花墙，婉如镶嵌宝石的扎带，使方正雄浑的北方庭院增添了画龙点睛般的南国园林秀色。这牌楼花墙将正院隔为里五外五，里五外四，里五外三多种形式，具有独特风格。

其次是院落之间与院落之后，大多建有花园、菜园，有小门与正院相通。进园之后，有甬道贯通，曲折迂回其间点缀回廊、亭榭、小桥流水，或草石农舍，或奇花异葩，匠心独具，犹似南方园林。

第三是在每个院落中触目可见的砖雕、木雕、石雕和木构件上的彩绘艺术，别具风采。砖雕艺术表现在四个方面：一是房脊的吻、兽和雕花护脊，造形优美，线条娴熟，刀法细腻，均为清代砖雕精品;二是照壁、花墙砖雕，既有传统的“百寿图”、“吉祥图”以及佛道故事，又有花卉鸟兽和干、鲜果品等具有浓厚地方特色的砖雕艺术;三是每排厢房“硬山墙”上端的“墀头”或花，或鸟，或兽，或字，两两成对，却很少雷同，造型又各具特色。四是现存的部分砖雕护栏，在贵和堂的楼层护栏上，全部由砖雕砌成，图案由福、寿、喜、禄、祯、祥团花和八卦炉、悬壶、文房四宝等组成，栏柱、栏板浑然一体，犹如天然而成，丝毫不见砌缝，无论雕刻艺术，还是垒砌艺术，堪称清代建筑中的上乘工艺。另一部分在养和堂，保存完好，但雕技艺术不及前者。

常家大院的石雕艺术有护栏、门兽、护墙等，大多用细砂石雕成，刻有各种图案。砂石的粗犷，雕工的细腻，相映得彰，别具一格。

常家大院的木雕，主要是宅第中的窗户木雕、门框、屏风、家具和隔扇木雕等，图案千变万化，造型手法各异，木质多种多样，恰似木雕展览，使游人眼花缭乱。可惜木质不易保存，破坏十分严重。常家大院是儒商建筑的代表，室内布置十分讲究，处处反映出书香门第的稳重古朴、匀称适宜。室内的琴棋书画、文房四宝、奇花异卉、山水盆景，有别于其他晋商宅院。作为儒商宅院，有其独到之处，让人耳目一新。

常家大院的静园，乃是中国最大的北派私家园林，面积达到八万余平方米。该园林以儒家的严谨秩序，道家的“天人合一”，佛家的空灵境界，集北国的大气厚重之风格与江南钟灵毓秀之精粹，神工鬼斧，浑然天成。进入园内，阁轩庭斋，雕饰绝伦;泉溪潭湖，宛如泽国;树木山石，野趣雄浑。千年枣树，已成化石;明代古藤，尤自葱茏。景致深远的杏林、风格迥异的狮园，曲径通幽，分布其间。观稼阁极目远望，听雨轩水低微澜，小石潭游鱼戏萍，昭余湖水平如镜，远眺近察，皆使人放怀于自然，寄情于山水，咏叹于文脉。留连园中，景随步移，尽享人生，心旷神怡。超凡脱俗的静园，无愧为人类理想的精神家园。

宜良县城金星村，有一山状若卧狮，人称伏狮山。五峰壁立,岩峭千仞。岩下清泉昼夜淙淙，水质佳、流量大。水秀山俊，修竹茂林，清幽雅静。因山水故，又名岩泉山。“自古名山僧占多”。元至正初(约1341年)名僧盘龙祖师至，结茅为庵，弘扬佛释。缘满而去，徒众建祖师殿供奉，代代如是。后有道士发现此处是“风水宝地”，跻身其间。岩泉古刹遂成释道偕居、寺观并处之所。

明景泰年间(1450年～1456年)，即沐府人朱福海始修，万历间僧人兴宽重修。得称“岩泉漱玉”，为宜良八景之一。康熙二十六年(1687年)，邑令高士朗、教谕王佐才偕邀文人邑士投资经营，建阁起亭、筑半月池。岩泉自此成为自然、人文景观皆俱名胜佳境。咸同兵燹，殿阁损毁。1920__年，知县钱良骏重修亭台，题“半山亭”。1920__年，邑绅马云翔募资修斗母阁、玉皇阁，新建凉风亭，广植花木，并大规模作摩崖石刻。寺观焕然一新，成其最繁荣时期。1940年，日机轰炸昆明，伤兵医院迁入，景物难免损坏。

1987年7月，摩崖石刻公布为宜良县重点文物保护单位。1993年2月，县政府批准，岩泉寺所有权划归金星办事处。近年来，办事处进行大规模全面重建。新建大雄宝殿、天王殿、玉皇阁、财神殿、山门、游泳池等，又广植花木、草坪，并修道路，增设石桌石凳，使得岩泉焕然改观今胜昔。1999年4月，昆明世博园指挥部及云南省旅游局授牌为世博会旅游接待定点单位。

20__年，岩泉寺管委会刻纪念性碑刻三通：“钱穆教授著书处”碑、“袁嘉谷品茗处”碑、“藏真阁遗址”碑。记载了岩泉寺近代三件史实，很有创意，大大提高了岩泉寺的文化品位。

Good morning, beautiful ladies, handsome gentlemen and lovely children.Welcome to the summer resort in Moli. Im the guide of Fengcai travel agency,Xiao Mingyu. You can call me Xiaoyu. I am honored to be able to enjoy thisbeautiful scenic spot with you. Next, I will lead you to enjoy this beautifulroyal garden.

Did you know that Chengde summer resort is the imperial palace of ancientChina, located in Chengde City, Hebei Province. In December 1994, it was listedin the world cultural heritage list. There are Rehe spring, plain area and otherbeautiful scenic spots. But I want to remind you not to litter.

Attention, we are going to see the lake area. This is the beautiful lakearea, with a total area of 496000 square meters and eight different lakes. Thatis, West Lake, Chenghu, Ruyi swimming, Shanghu, etc. There is an island in thelake called "Moonlight River sound". Every night when the moon goes to Dongshan,the bright moonlight shines on the lake, which is very beautiful. There are somany lakes and so beautiful islands that you might as well enjoy their beauty byyourself. But beauty is beauty. We must pay attention to safety and gather ontime!

After 30 minutes, everyone pay attention to the assembly.

Next, we are going to another scenic spot, which is very famous! This isthe largest palace of Chengde Summer Resort - Wanhe SONGFENG hall. EmperorKangxi met officials here, read memorials, read and write. Emperor Kangxi oncebestowed "Wanhe SONGFENG" lying on the side of the summer resort to EmperorQianlong, the fourth son of the emperor and the fourth son of Prince shuoyong,Hongli. Later Hongli succeeded to the throne and nominated this hall as jienhall.

Dear friends, this tour is over. Thank you for your cooperation andsupport. I wish you all the best in your work. Welcome to come again nexttime.

三好学生个人先进事迹介绍

光阴荏苒，大学生活已经过了一年，即将进入新的一学年。进入大学第一天的情景我至今记忆犹新，那时的我还带着一丝迷茫，什么事都不懂。 而今，我在这个校园里已经生活了一年多，一年的时光使我从青涩少年走向了成熟。回顾在过去的这一年大学生活，我学会了不少，有好多东西让我受益匪浅。在这一年中，不管是学习方面、实践能力方面，还是思想方面都有所进步，都得到了一定的锻炼和提高，基本上具备了当代大学生应有的素质。

一、学习为本，做学习的领头人

大学生的主要任务是学习，因此在学习上从不马虎了事，对任何课程都认真对待。经过了大学一年的学习生活，已基本上养成了大学生的学习习惯，既能独立自主地学习，也能与同学共同讨论学习，大家互相提高。对学习我总是抱着积极的态度去学习，大家都认为我是一个有学习劲头又积极的同学。由于同学们的信任和支持，以及自己的努力，因此大家在学习上有什么困难，总是爱找我帮忙，我也尽自己的能力帮助同学们解决困难。学校没要求要上晚自习，但我总是每天都坚持去，在我的带头作用下，以前不上自习的同学现在也基本上去上自习，这使我们班的学习气氛有了很大的改善。虽然我不是学习委员，但在同学们心中，我就是学习的带头人，也相当于一个学习委员，因此，我也深感责任重大，但我有信心有能力把班级搞好，今后我还要更加努力地学习，更要把班级整体的成绩进一步提高。我相信在大家的努力下，我们班一定会呈现出一种新的面貌。

二、勤恳工作，服务同学，培养能力

在班上，我也积极配合班干部做好班里的事。平时班上有什么事，无论大事小事，只要我能做的，我都帮着做，有时其他同学没时间或同学们不愿做的，我就一个人做。大一上学期学校要求每班做一份英语报纸，许多同学都不想做，我就一个人挑起了这份重担，在规定的时间里圆满完成了任务。平时我都协助班长做事，在班长没时间的时候，班里的事基本上是我负责，因此对班上的一些事务都比较熟悉，为了更好的完成每学期的综合测评工作，我都积极帮助进行统计。虽然做这些不能得到什么，但作为班级里的一员，我觉得有义务也有责任帮助做些事。21世纪的人才是复合型的人才，要求有着广阔的知识面和良好的实践能力，做这些这既能锻炼自己的能力，又能为班级作贡献，因此，我能做的我都尽力去做，并且努力做到最好。虽然我经常帮助班级做这些事，但我还是能够充分合理的利用时间，提高学习效率。因此，我的生活、学习、工作都很有规律。

三、科学的理论武装头脑，树立全心全意为人民服务的宗旨

思想政治素质是人才素质的首要。进入大学后，在学习的同时，我也特别注意思想政治素质的提高，以马克思主义、邓小平理论武装头脑，认真学习“三个代表”重要思想，牢记“八荣八耻”。了解党的有关知识，学习党的章程，明确党的坚定路线，并且在大一就向党组织递交了入党申请书。平时我注意留心看报纸，听新闻，及时了解实事。虽然现在我还不是共产党员，但我时刻注意自己的言行举止，时刻用党员的标准来要求自己，接受党组织的考验。

“路漫漫兮其修远，吾将上下而求索”。在未来的生活中，我将以百倍的信心和万分的努力去迎接更大的挑战，用辛勤的汗水和默默的耕耘谱写美好的明天！

天星桥的景物，可以分为石景、水景、树景、洞景，实际上无法分开，因为它们是互相融合在一起的，而且这种融合不仅仅是形体的融合，更重要的是灵性的融合。天星桥是一个最具灵性的地方，山有灵性，水有灵性，树有灵性，就连石头也有灵性。

就说根与石，尤其是它们的结合吧，这在天星桥是最值得玩味的景物之一。根与石，本是互不相容的。根的生长，总是要避开石头，而石头呢，又总是板着无情的脸孔，或挥着冰冷的拳头，警告根：请勿靠近我!请勿依附我!可在这里却有一种想象不到的奇迹：有生命的根和本无生命的石头，竟是那样热烈地拥抱在一起了根从悬崖顶上垂下来，不知道的人简直看不出那是根，而是一条条悬吊着的钢丝绳。当知道的人告诉你，那是榕树的根。这时你又会惋惜地说，那岂不是已干枯了吗?可是，你看看那根的顶端伸出来的嫩黄色的须，你吃惊了：它还有生命力哩!它还在生长哩!你又别以为这些急切向下延伸的根须在期待的是松软的泥土。不，在下面做着怀抱迎接它们的竟是石头，是和上面的悬崖一个样的石头。有的一条根和下面的石岩结合了，它就在石岩的怀抱中长成了支柱，顶着石的天，立于石的地。根的生命就这样在石与石之间顽强地生长着……

悬崖脚下，有一股泉水从岩洞里流出来，叫做龙井，水质纯净，清凉沁人。龙井前有一块大石头，石头上长一棵大榕树，盘在石头上的根，像千手佛似的把大石紧紧抱住。最不可思议的是有一条根，大得几乎可合抱，伸出四五米远;插入另一端的石缝内，又拖住了另一块巨石，在湍急的泉水上空架起一坐“根桥”，人盯以在“桥”上行走或停留。

根，连岩补石的无所不在而又无所不能的有生命的胶合剂。这里还有许多根的化石，包含在岩石的缝隙中，质地非常坚硬。根对于石的爱情，真是到了天长地久的地步。

这是讲根的一面，而石的一面呢，天星桥的石头，也是活的，有生命的，有感情的，唯其如此，天星桥的石头才能把那么多或大或小，或长或短，或粗或细的树根接纳进自己的怀抱，甚至出现“悬岩未得半粒土，绝壁焉藏万丈根”的岩壁上长树的奇异景象。

各位朋友大家好，我们将要游览的是中外闻名的故宫博物院。故宫位于北京市区中心，是明清两朝的皇宫。故宫又名紫禁城，它是中国保存最完整，规模最大的古代皇宫建筑群。首先我给大家介绍一下故宫的历史沿革。明朝的永乐皇帝通过“靖难之役”，从自己的侄子朱允炆手中夺得了皇位，定都南京。因南京朝臣大多数是朱允炆的旧臣，永乐皇帝惟恐这些朝臣对自己不服，再加上当时北方蒙古人经常南侵，于是永乐皇帝决定迁都北京。

明永乐四年即公元1406年，明成祖朱棣下诏，正式启动北京工程的建设，动用工匠23万，民夫百万，于永乐十八年即公元1420年工程竣工。永乐十九年元旦吉日，明成祖朱棣于奉天殿受朝贺，紫禁城正式启用。公元1644年清朝定都北京，继续沿用明朝的宫殿，并且对部分地区进行了较大规模的改造：如文渊阁、宁寿全宫、南三所、斋宫、毓庆宫等建筑。尤其是清廷特别重视防火，并且财务了多种措施：如改造了建筑中的防火结构、建立了专门的消防机构即火班、配备了消防器材等。明清时期紫禁城的主要作用是：自明成祖朱棣到思宗朱由检，共有14位皇帝，清朝自世祖福林到逊帝溥仪，共有10位皇帝，明清共有24位皇帝在此生活起居、治理国家。

清宣统三年（1911），末代皇帝溥仪推诿，根据民国政府所允“关于清帝逊位后优待条件”，清廷皇室成员仍可居住紫禁城内廷，民国十三年即公元1924年冯玉祥发动“北平政变”溥仪才搬出故宫。民国二年即公元1913年袁世凯在紫禁城举行了大总统就职典礼。1925年10月10日故宫博物院成立典礼，紫禁城正式对社会开放，解放以后我国政府曾花费巨资对紫禁城进行维护和修缮。1961年紫禁城成为第一批全国重点文物保护单位，1987年辈联合国教科文组织列入世界文化遗产保护名录。今日的紫禁城以它新的面貌展现在世人面前。故宫是世界上最著名的博物馆之一，其特点表现在三个方面，首先它是一座完整的皇宫遗址博物馆，其次它是一座包罗万象的综合艺术博物馆，第三它还是集中国古代建筑之大成的古代建筑博物馆。

故宫为什么又叫“紫禁城”呢？紫禁城的“紫”指的是紫微垣。古代天文学家将天体分为三垣四象二十八宿。三垣是指紫微垣、太微垣、天市垣，紫微垣居天体中央，共有恒星15颗，北极星又是紫微垣的中心，称为“紫宫”。这组恒星被认为是“运乎中央，临治四方”的天帝所居，人间的皇宫应天象而建，所以紫禁城是“为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星拱之”的格局，与天宫相类。所以人间皇帝的居所冠以“紫”字；“禁”是指皇家禁地，万民莫入之意，所以北京皇宫名之为紫禁城。

紫禁城坐落在北京的中轴线上，其建筑布局突出了一条明显的中轴线，主要建筑都在其上，红砖墙，黄色琉璃瓦、青白石基座体现出了皇家的气势，突出了皇权的至高无上。紫禁城内由前朝、后廷两部分组成。紫禁城有四座门，分别是南为午门，北为神武门，东为东华门，西为西华门。紫禁城内以乾清门前的小广场为界，南面是前朝部分，北面是后廷部分。紫禁城背靠“镇山”，左为太庙，右为社稷坛，南北长961米，东西宽753米，占地面积72万平方米，建筑面积15万平方米，共有宫殿房舍8704间，是1973年统计的数字，周围是10米高的城墙和52米宽的护城河拱卫着皇家的宫殿。紫禁城的四角有“九梁十八柱七十二脊”构成的精美的角楼。

下面我给大家介绍一下午门及午门前的广场。午门是紫禁城的正门，因其位于紫禁城的午位即正南方，故称午门。由北向南鸟瞰午门平面呈“凹”形。午门城台正中建筑为重檐庑殿顶城楼，开间，通高35米，两观城台上建连檐通脊明廊各13间，明廊南北各有一座鎏金宝顶的四角攒尖崇楼与正中城楼连成一气，俗称“五凤楼”。皇帝亲祀坛庙出午门时鸣钟，祭享太庙时击鼓。午门面南，正面三间，两观下东西侧另开左掖门、右掖门，东西向。

午门南面正门三间，北面则为大门五间，人称这种规制叫“明三暗五”。

午门的出入规制是怎样的呢？在封建时期这里有着严格的等级制度。午门正门专供皇帝出入，皇后大婚时可以从这里进入，三品以上文武官员出入左（东）门，宗室王公出入右（西）门。左右掖门平时不开，只有上大朝时，三品以下文武百官分东西班次由掖门出入。殿试时贡士按名次单数走左掖门，双数走右掖门。举行传胪大典时贡士亦按名次分单双数，由鸿胪寺官员分左右掖门引人。大传胪后，进士中一甲进士状元、榜眼、探花可由午门正门出宫以示褒扬。明清两朝在午门前举行两类活动，一类是逢年过节与官民同乐的活动。

另一类是正式的典礼，清朝主要是凯旋献俘礼和颁朔礼。凯旋献俘礼是朝廷在重大军事行动中取得胜利后，为了安民心、振国威举行的庆典活动。届时皇帝会亲临午门。清乾隆年间为平定准噶尔等地的叛乱曾在这里举行过四次献俘礼。献俘礼在“五礼”中属于军礼范畴。再有一项正式的典礼也就是颁朔礼，颁朔礼就是皇帝颁布第二年历书的典礼。颁朔礼于孟冬一日在午门前举行。举行典礼之前钦天监的官员算出第二年的朔望日，规定每日宜忌事项，制成历书称“时历书”，清乾隆皇帝为避名讳将“时历书”改为“时宪书”，民间俗称黄历。时宪书通过午门前举行颁朔礼颁布天下遵照实行。明清两朝的时宪书也颁给蒙古、琉球、占城等周边的国家，显示出泱泱大国的天子国威。

午门广场是名朝实施“梃杖”的地方。梃杖就是对在朝廷上违逆了皇帝意志的大臣用棍子打的刑罚。明朝成化年以前，梃杖只是有象征性，并非真打，示辱而已。后来逐渐变成真打。处罚地点在午门外御路西墀下，即御路西边的空地。因五行中东主生，西主凶，故处罚地点在御路西墀下。其中有两次梃杖轰动朝野，一次是明武宗朱厚照南巡被大臣阻止，一次被打158人，打死15人；另一次是明世宗朱厚骢为了自己父母尊号的问题发生的“大礼仪”事件，梃杖134人，打死17人。而到了清朝就没有了这种制度。

下面我给大家介绍一下午门前的广场。午门前有两座值房，它是侍卫值班的地方。清朝时对皇宫的安全保卫工作十分重视，并且制定了严格的规章制度。其中有门禁制定、宿卫制度、门钥制度、合符制度等。午门的两阙南侧东西各有朝房3间，是王宫们的朝房，现在是故宫的售票处，朝房南侧东边是阙左门，它是皇帝去紫禁城东侧的太庙祭祀祖先时所走之门。朝房南侧西边是阙右门，它是皇帝去紫禁城西面的社稷坛祭祀土地神和五谷神时所走之门。再向南是连檐通脊朝房各42间，明清时期这里是六科廊，“六科”是古代官署名。

明代始设，即吏、户、礼、兵、刑、工六科。每科置都给事中一人，除担任天子侍从外，还进谏言和监察六部之舞弊，办理上奏和调整赦令等事，其权颇重。现在这里的部分房舍被辟为展馆。六科廊南边东侧是太庙右门，西侧是社稷坛左门，广场的最南边是端门。端门是紫禁城的前导门，现在对公众开放，城楼上面不定期举办各种展览，游客可以登上城楼穿上古装拍照留念。

各位朋友，紫禁城的概况和午门前的广场我就给大家介绍到这里。谢谢大家。

各位游客：

大家下午好!欢迎来到奉化溪口雪窦山，我是你们今天的导游，叫我小晴就可以了。今天呢我想给大家一下溪口雪窦山的一些历史，大家要认真听哦!

“西安事变”后，蒋回溪口养伤，张学良将军被幽禁在雪窦寺附近的中国旅行社9现在此处也已按原样修建竣工。当年蒋对张学良活动范围亲自规定：东不出镇海口，西不过曹娥江，到溪口有人跟随，去外地出动宪兵。还派了者秀才给张学畏讲四书五经。张在心胸积郁之余，打靶、鸣炮、种花植树，在雪窦山的水涧岩栽了紫玉兰、法国梧桐，在雪窦寺栽了四株柄木，成长后仅存的两株，当地人士奉赠雅号为“将军摘”。

无独有偶，雪窦寺前山门右侧有高涝桥(现改名龙珠桥)桥畔有一古松，据说明隆庆五年(1571年)奉化县官要将树砍掉，翰林戴询曾作诗要求留下，因此，本地人称这株古松是“翰林松”。“将军捕”与“翰林松”，虽属古今不同时期不同境遇，然而都值得人们传颂。

为了使各位更好地了解当年西安事变及张学良将军的有关业绩，下面我们去参观中旅社。中旅社位于雪窦寺西侧，有建筑面积438平方米，1934年6月建成开业，属上海中旅社管辖。内设客房六间。餐厅一个，旅游旺季还在雪窦寺厢房设行军床100张，接待旅客。1937年1月，房子被国民政府军事委员会包用，称“张学良先生招待所”，张学良和他的副官、护士，以及军统特务队长同住在这里，另有30余名特务队员和一连宪兵驻扎在雪窦寺，进行监视。张学良在这里度过了八九个月的幽禁岁月。此年中秋，木结构厨房起火，房子全部焚毁，张学良在雪窦寺小住几天之后，即被迁往安徽黄山。1987年5月，政府拨款按原样重建，1988年竣工对外开放，并陈列了张学良的业绩和照片。

各位游客，请大家留意雪窦寺前有一处含珠林。这里有个传说，在这吁陌间，有圆阜如珠，苍松参天，称为含珠林。四周群峰环抱，鸟瞅恰似九龙抢珠。林中原有茅亭一座，名含珠亭，1941年被日军烧毁。相传含珠林为唐末农民起义领袖黄巢墓地。唐中和四年(公元884年)黄巢外甥林言投降朝廷，黄巢兵败退至山东泰山狼虎谷被擒。林言不忍杀娘舅，乃杀一与巢貌似者代，巢逃出为僧。南宋周密《癸辛杂识》：“张奎义为西京留守，识黄巢于群僧中，后住四明雪窦山，即雪窦禅师是也。”后人《咏黄巢墓》诗：“三十年前草上飞，铁衣著尽著僧衣”即指此事。各位游客：我们现在去参观游览“隐潭三瀑”。位于雪窦寺西北约1.5公里，东吞、班溪两乡交界处。涧水从东乔村下流，形成三级瀑布，即上隐潭、中隐潭、下隐潭。上隐潭以幽险见长，中隐潭以清秀取胜，下隐潭则秀奇双绝。

上隐潭，位于东乔车站西南角，从崖上通向深潭石阶216级，陡壁深塑9青苔斑班，苍松挺立石隙。涧底碧水深潭，南有水泥平桥，瀑布循崖倾落，高约49余米，呈条线状，铿然有声。凭栏仰望，水沫溅衣，凉气沁心。潭北崖原有龙王庙，相传北宋皇桔年间(1049年至1054年)，朝廷遗使至此投金龙玉简于潭中，祈雨抗旱，故昔日称此处为龙潭。现建有小型水力发电站。

中隐潭，自上隐潭下行约500余米处，浓荫覆涧，涧有巨石横卧，瀑布从巨岩俯冲而下，呈横幅状，水沫随风飞溅，似雾如雨，富有溪谷野趣。

下隐潭，从中隐潭沿小径下行约500米处。有巨石，宽9至12米，旁石笋，高20至24米，人称石笋峰。峰底中空，一半覆盖潭上，犹水上广厦，瀑布横倾潭处，仰视如彩云横空，绚丽多彩。集峰、洞、潭、涧于一境，风景独秀。胡行之《下隐潭》诗：“百尺银涛挂石飞，苍崖翠壁紫岩扉。四时不息雷鸣耳，六月寒生潭上衣。”现因栏坝建小水电站，景色道损。

各位游客，徐鬼岩瀑布是非常值得一游的，徐鬼岩在雷窦寺西北7.5公里，东番乡直蚕村附近，重岩峭壁，岩顶海拔476米，瀑布落差242米。崖口一巨石外突，传说仙人骑鬼徐徐升天，故名。远望巨石，酷似石猴倚天而鞠，故又称鞠猴岩。宋宝庆《四明志》载，绝壁凿有“鞠猴岩”三大字，可能唐人所刻。‘今新刻“徐鬼溅雪”四大字。岩边草木丛生，崖顶涧阔，有洞桥o：涧水澄白，源自踌躇岭，过谷穿林，至此湍急奔突，循崖而泻，大雨后声若雷理，震撼山谷。临崖俯视，万丈深渊，JL、寒股栗。崖下白雾蒸腾，飞珠舞玉，底下有潭，树枝拍击水面，雄奇壮观。宋代奉化人王时会诗云：“一片悬崖势插天，昔人曾道此登仙;鬼飞赤局凌云汉，鹤载瑶望度紫烟”。本世纪三十年代，从崖顶至崖下筑有山径。六十年代后，电影《难忘的战斗》人曙光》等曾在此拍摄外景。1991年政府拨款新筑曲径卵石路、扶栏杆、建亭子、接待楼、步云梯等。

各位游客，我们如有时间还可以去游览亭下湖景点。亭下湖位于刻溪上游，雪窦山南缘，距溪口镇6公里。是一个群山环抱的大型人工湖。巍锑大坝雄居于八曲高吞和亭下村之间，湖面面积5.9平方公里，蓄水量达1.53亿立方米，六倍于杭州西湖。

亭下湖自然风光绚丽，奇峰幽谷，山岚水色组成了诸多各具异情逸趣的湖山景观。同时空气清新，水质特优，鱼产水果，山林资源丰富。大坝于1983年竣工，湖岸线随山婉蜒盘曲，全长20公里。湖内景点正在开发之中，游客可以泛舟湖上，也可垂钓、野炊、露宿，主要景点有平湖高坝、晦溪九曲、鲍鱼卧波、金龟探水、芳岛春荫绝刁广。

各位游客，溪口雪窦山风景区是国家级风景名胜区，早在汉代这里已有“海上蓬莱”之誉了，晋人曾作赋“涉海则有方丈蓬莱，登陆则有四明天象”。雷窦山海拔200至900米不等，是四明山的东脉，也是风景区的核心，区内景点繁多，今天我们游览了主要景点，我想，随着经济的日益繁荣，祖国统一大业形势所趋，溪口所具有的特殊地位和秀美的景色，将更为海内外所瞩目，溪口的明天也将更美好的。我想大家一定会再次来溪口观光旅游的，到时我们一定会热烈欢迎的，谢谢大家。

大观楼，又称近华浦，在昆明城西南，濒临滇池草海北滨。清同治五年(1866年)马如龙《重建大观楼记》载：“昆垣多山而少水，故滇池称巨浸焉，池之湄有浦，曰近华，因其近太华而名。”

近华浦开拓于何时，明末清初顾祖禹《读史方舆纪要·云南纪要》载：“西湖，在府城西，即滇池上游也，亦名积波池，俗曰草海子，又曰青草湖。周五里，蒲藻常青，为游赏之胜。”万揆一先生在《昆明古城拾遗》一书中说：在云南古地名中，云南府城(昆明)也有个西湖，明万历《云南通志》记载：“西湖在(云南)府治西，周四里，即滇池上流，蒲藻长青，人多泛舟，俗呼为草海子。中有黔国莲池，匾曰水云乡。”证实了滨临近华浦的草海在明代又称西湖，明代世袭黔国公沐氏曾在此建水云乡莲池。

何时开挖大观河，清光绪二十年(1894年)舒藻《创建重建大观楼碑记》载：“国朝，以吴三桂为平西王镇滇，乃由近华浦东向会城，开挖一河，计长十里有奇，曰运粮河，复于会城小西门外里许，开一塘，曰篆塘。塘之前建盖仓廒，粮船由滇海进运河，直抵篆塘，粮米入仓甚为便捷也。由是迤西州县沿海一带，官商客旅楫楫而来，帆帆而去，荟萃于篆塘，称巨津焉。”其实，清初吴三桂疏浚运粮河之前，这条河可以通船却是事实，明崇祯年间徐霞客《游太华寺山记》载：“出省城，西南二里下舟，两岸平畴夹水。十里田尽，萑苇满泽，舟行深绿间，不复知为滇池巨流，是为草海。”

关于楚僧乾印和尚创建观音寺的时间，也有两种说法：一是清光绪二十年(1894年)舒藻《碑记》称：“前明有楚僧卓锡于此，结茅讲经……”说的是明代。一是清雍正《云南通志》载：“观音寺在城西近华浦，清康熙二十一年(1682年)楚僧乾印始创庵一区，讲妙法莲华经，听者常千人……”这里明确说是“清康熙二十一年(1682年)”。清道光戴絅孙《昆明县志》载：“近华浦为观音寺，先是康熙二十一年楚僧乾印始建茅庵一椽……”。清同治五年(1866年)马如龙的《重建大观楼记》载：“其地在清康熙时，为楚僧乾印结茅讲经处，未尝有楼也”。以上资料都一致说乾印结茅讲经是清康熙二十一年(1682年)。

近华浦内的大观楼始建于哪年?一说为清康熙三十五年(1696年)，一说清康熙二十九年(1690年)。余嘉华先生主编的《云南风物志》载：“康熙二十九年(1690年)，巡抚王继文巡察四境，路过此地，看中这里的湖光山色，命人鸠工备材，修建亭台楼阁……因取名大观楼。”经考证，大观楼始建于清康熙二十九年(1690年)是确切的。

大观楼、涌月亭、澄碧堂建成以后，“周围添筑外堤，夹种桃柳，点缀湖山风景”，“从此高人韵士，选胜登临者无虚日，遂成省城第一名胜”，达官显贵临湖宴饮，骚人墨客登楼歌赋。清乾隆二十五年进士、临安知府王文治在《秋日泛舟近华浦》诗中写道：“忆偕诗太守，高宴集朋辈。丝竹贯珠玑，篇章出瑰怪。”吟咏近华浦的诗词，有的描绘山光水色，有的粉饰“太平盛世”，有的歌功颂德，不外吟风弄月，离愁别恨。布衣寒士孙髯翁，一扫俗唱，挥就惊世骇俗的180字长联。上联写登大观楼骋怀，所见到“五百里滇池”的四围风光，下联抒发对云南“数千年往事”的无限感慨，情景交融，对仗工整，气魄宏大。清道光年间“五华五子”中之戴絅孙评价长联“浑灏流转，化去堆垛之迹，实为仅见”。长联问世以来，被誉为“海内外第一联”，“海内长联第一佳者”。长联由昆明名士陆树堂行书书写刊刻。现存陆书拓本摹刻联。清嘉庆年间，迤西道宋湘撰联：“千秋怀抱三杯酒;万里云山一水楼。”十四字联高度概括了髯翁的长联。孙髯翁长联问世，大观楼跻身“中国名楼”。

清道光八年(1820xx年)，云南按察使翟觐光重修大观楼，将原来的二层增建为三层，观音寺僧净乐重修观音寺时，又于寺后建华严阁五间三层，高于大观楼丈馀。净乐善诗联，华严阁落成时撰刻一副长联，世称“净乐长联”：

叠阁凌虚，彩云南现，皇图列千峰拱首，万派朝宗，金碧联辉，山河壮丽。视晴岚掩翠，晓雾含烟，升曙色于丹崖，苍松鹤唳。挂斜阳于清嶂，石厂猿啼。暂息烦襟，凝神雅旷，豁尔讴歌叶韵，风月宜人，性静幽闲，互相唱和，得意时指点此间真面目。

层楼映水，佛日西悬，帝德容六诏皈心，百蛮顺化，昆华聚秀，宇宙清夷。听梵呗高吟，法音朗诵，笑拈花于鹫岭，理契衣传。侪立雪于少林，道微钵受。久修净行，释念圆融，历然主伴交泰，凡圣泯迹，心源妙湛，回脱根尘，忘机处发挥这段大光明。

净乐长联上下联各92字，全联184字，文采境界虽不及孙髯翁长联，但也指点湖山，写景清逸，修行忘机，悟世超尘，颇有为读孙髯翁长联者“指点迷津”之禅意。

清咸丰五年(1855年)，咸丰帝奕詝为大观楼题赐：“拔浪千层”匾。马如龙有“跋”叙述赐匾经过：“咸丰丁卯(1855年)，兵部侍郎何彤云侍南斋日，蒙文宗显皇帝垂询滇池湖势，彤历陈大观情形，仰荷御书‘拔浪千层’匾额，颁立斯楼，猗欤休哉。”

清咸丰六年(1856年)前，近华浦中大观楼与华严阁巍然南北对峙，澄碧堂、涌月亭亭台廊榭掩映绿柳碧波，观音寺殿宇禅房鳞次栉比，风鬟雾鬓，香烟氤氲，高人韵士登临无虚日，僧侣游人往来不间断。近华浦乃昆明山光水色绝佳之胜境。

清咸丰六年(1856年)云南回民起义反清，大观楼、华严阁等皆毁于战火。同治三年甲子(1864年)仲冬，云南署提督马如龙操兵演练，“舟过近华浦，见岛屿蔓草荒烟，一片凄凉，垂询海滨父老，答以大观楼被毁原委。公太息弗已，不惜出捐重资构材饬工重建。经始于同治三年(1864年)仲冬，落成于同治五年(1866年)季春，仅及年余，瓦砾之场依然金碧之区，仍复省城第一名胜，此马公之重建大观楼也。”(舒藻《碑记》)马如龙重建大观楼后，在近华浦门楼撰有楹联：“曾经沧海难为水;欲上高楼且泊舟”。

清光绪二年(1876年)近华浦“大水，两廊皆圮，楼亦倾斜，光绪九年(1883年)，总督岑毓英重修。”(《光绪志》)，重修大观楼时，“士民同住持僧性田续修东西厢房十六间”。(见《新纂云南通志》)，光绪十四年(1888年)岑毓英请赵藩楷体重书孙髯翁的长联，刊刻悬挂。

民国三年(1920xx年)云南省“民政长李公鸿祥创建马路，增修亭榭。”(见赵鹤清《彩云崖观音大士石厂记》)可见，篆塘沿大观河至近华浦的马路，系1920xx年修筑。

民国八年(1920xx年)唐继尧修葺大观楼及公园券拱牌坊式大门，将孙铸(字铁舟)同治年间榜书“大观楼”三字的石刻板，嵌于园门，并为孙铸所书题写了跋识，叙述了马如龙请孙铸楷书楼匾之经过。(见《会泽唐继尧识》)

民国十九年(1930年)，云南省主席龙云嘱时任昆明市长庾恩锡修葺近华浦，庾恩锡聘请造园大师赵鹤清协助。“仿西湖之白堤、苏堤，则三桥鼎峙”，修筑长堤，环浦可通人行。“增一榭，如秋月平湖”，大观楼前“峙三塔如三潭印月”。(见庾恩锡《鼎建大观公园碑记》)

同年，龙云“嘱鹤清垒石为山，名曰彩云崖，因彩云见于白崖为云南得名之始，故以颜之，爰于崖顶建石厂(音“罕”，石窟)，祀奉观音大士”。(见赵鹤请《彩云崖观音大士石厂记》)庾恩锡1930年主持修建大观公园，以“西湖十景”为蓝本，近华浦形成现在所见的主要景观。

民国二十五年(1936年)8月，云南省政府在意大利为唐继尧铸戎装骑洋马铜像，海运至越南海防，由海防经滇越铁路运抵昆明，1937年4月，吊装安置在近华浦广场中央，1959年拆除铜像。

民国年间，近华浦东面、南面临草海湖滨，建有一批中西合壁式私家花园别墅，大的别墅有民国十六年(1920xx年)庾恩锡兴建的“庾庄”及鲁道源兴建的“鲁园”。还有李园、丁园、柏园、邱园、陈园等。这批私家别墅花园，1950年军事接管后人民政府均划入大观公园，形成大观公园近华浦东南面的“东园”、“南园”景区。

1961年郭沫若登大观楼，即兴题诗一首：

果然一大观，山水唤凭栏。

睡佛云中逸，滇池海样宽。

长联犹在壁，巨笔信如椽。

我亦披襟久，雄心溢两间。

“西边的太阳快要落山了，微山湖上静悄悄，弹起我心爱的土琵琶，唱起那动人的歌谣……”

因电影《铁道游击队》而闻名全国的微山湖位于山东省济宁市微山县，承纳了鲁、苏、皖、豫四省八个地区的来水，由微山、昭阳、独山、南阳四个彼此相连的湖泊组成，形成了我国北方最大的淡水湖。京杭大运河纵贯全湖，至今仍能通航。

微山岛是湖中第一大岛，岛上文化古迹众多，境内有殷周微子墓、汉初张良墓、春秋目夷墓、伏义陵(庙)、仲子路庙、六合泉、圣母泉以及大量的庙宇亭台、古碑刻石、汉画像石等古迹，还有铁道游击队纪念碑供人缅怀。

每年7～8月，十万亩荷花开遍湖中，蔚为壮观。7～8月份还是捕鱼季节，此时来微山湖既可欣赏荷花、还能品尝时鲜。一年一度的荷花会每年8月在荷花景观最集中的小微山湖举行。还有铁道游击队纪念碑供人缅怀。

总体来说，宽窄巷子的修护过程中，街巷形态进行了空间上的梳理调整，精心保留了原有的街道肌理尺度。只是小心翼翼地做了适度的“减法”，拆除片区内与历史风貌不符的现代建筑。

我们知道宽窄巷子一共只有45座建筑，所以说可以进驻宽窄巷子的商家都是非常幸运的。

现在呢，我们是在宽巷子。宽巷子在清朝宣统年间的名叫兴仁胡同。据说这里所驻的是镶红旗的清军，宽巷子中一位懂蒙语的满族人介绍，胡同是蒙语的音译，关于胡同的起源，有一种说法是指蒙古人在草原上扎起的蒙古包之间的通道。而到了民国年间，在中国一片反帝反封建的革命风气下，清朝的叫法“兴仁胡同”改名为“宽巷子”。

现在我们看到的这个是宽巷子20号院，据说很多人一旦来到这里就拔不开脚，现在我们进去看看吧。主人老段是一个做设计的行家，例如一品天下等景观设计都是他的手笔。传统文化既是他的心头所好，也是玩得最精彩的看家绝活。

宽巷子20号这个两进院落，是按照民国风格重建，保留着民国年间雕工细腻的木质门头。象征大吉大利的狮子滚绣球，寓意得福的佛手，这些精美的传统文化符号，换作别人最多只能原汁原味的存留。而天趣满汉楼让人最惊喜的是，在丝毫没有对原建筑做改动的前提下，仅从细节和摆件下笔，便浓墨重彩的凸现出传统文化的深厚魅力。天井院落里，龙脉池对应着鸿运泉，文房四宝对应着清澈的古筝琴声;古画青花，孔雀锦鲤，老段的天趣满汉楼像是一幅华丽细腻的蜀锦。在宽窄巷子的热闹喧哗里，保留着深宅大院、大户人家的古老情调。

在云南丽江，我和妈妈去了一个美丽的地方，名叫拉市海。

当我们刚来到拉市海，就被那里的风景给迷住了，那里有有辽阔的草原，草原上有绿油油的嫩草，草原上有数不清的马，马长得很健壮。草原的旁边就是拉市海，四周有许多的山，围绕着拉市海，山翠绿翠绿的。在那高山上，还住着许多彝族人呢!

拉市海很有名的，曾经有人在这里拍过“一米阳光”电视剧。看到这么美的山和草原，我玩兴大发，于是我碰了碰妈妈说：“我想去骑马和划船!”，妈妈同意了。我们一开始坐在马上，脚都发抖了，后来，牵马的爷爷说：“全身放松悠闲的样子，就不怕了。”我照着做了，果然一点都不怕了，我身下的马其实很矮，是那种小种马，非常温顺。，看着蓝天和大草原，我的心胸也开阔起来，放马奔跑了一会，感觉自已也象个小骑手。后来我们又去划船了，划船的时候，我问了一下水底下为啥这么多草。船夫说:“近几年卧虎山成了旅游区后，把水引到这里后，就变成了拉市海，所以水底还可以看到原来种的庄稼和水草。这里的水特别的绿，特别的美。

不知不觉天黑下来了，公园要关门了，这时才觉得时间过得特别快，我和妈妈只能依依不舍地离开了拉市海。但我想，等我长大我一定再来看看这个地方。

沈园距今有800多年的历史了?为什么沈园历经800年而不衰呢?下面请各位游客带着这个问题，跟我一起参观这个越中的仿宋园林，整个景区由三大部分组成：沈园古迹区、东苑、南苑。

下面首先请大家随我参观古迹区。现在大家所看到的这个园子，叫“诗境园”，是为了纪念诗人陆游所建，其中在这个园子里有一块形状奇怪的石头，取名为“诗境石”。上面的“诗境”两字便取自陆游的手迹。这块石头是一块太湖石，它具有五个特点：瘦、透、漏、皱、丑。“瘦”，是因为它看上去上大下小，给人一种高高瘦瘦的感觉;“透”，是因为大家如果有兴趣可以点一只烟，对准其中的一个孔，那么烟雾就会从各个孔中冒出来;“漏”也是这个原因，一到下雨天雨水就会从上面的孔渗以下面的孔，而且各小孔都是不相连的。"皱”，是因为这块石头摸上去就好像是人额上的皱纹，人信大家可以上前去摸一下。这第五个特点“丑”，也是这五个特点中最重要的，人是以美自称的，而石头却是以丑为美的，越丑就越加显示出它的欣赏价值。下面请随我往这边走。

现在我们所站的是一个仿宋建筑，形状古朴，取名“问梅槛”，这三个字是由绍兴书法协会会长沈定庵老先生所写的。“问”是询问探求的意思;“梅”是指陆游生平最喜爱的梅花，而我们沈园内种植最多的植物也是梅花，冬天的沈园梅香满园，尤其是到了下雪天更是沈园最美丽的时候。据说，陆游是中国历史上留下诗文最多的作家之一，至今保存下来的只有9300多首。其中描写梅花的就有200多首，可见陆游对梅花的情有独钟了。“槛”是像这种建筑在水上的一种建筑名称。所以“问梅槛”三个字便由此而来。下面我们往这边走。

我们绍兴有“石乡”的美称，那么我们现在所走的这痤古朴的小石桥叫做“伤心桥”。为什么取这名字呢?因为陆游曾在老年重游沈园时，触景生情，在沈园>中有这样一句话“伤心桥下春波绿，曾是惊鸿照影来”。

走过伤心桥我们现在来到的是六朝井亭，那么亭中的这口井是在1985年考古发掘时所发现的，井身是用绳纹平砖错缝砌成的，从井内出土的汉至六朝的陶瓷器残片可以确定它属于六朝的遗物。这六朝分别为：三国的吴、东晋、南朝的宋、齐、梁、陈，所以这个亭称为“六朝井亭”。但是由于取土困难，为防止井身坍塌，整个发掘深度仅只有1米。缌的游客可能会发现这个亭子的顶有一个六角形的缺口，这个缺口一共有三个作用，有哪三个作用，大家不防猜一下：这第一个作用就是方便取水，因为在古代的时候，人产提水都用竹竿，大家都知道竹竿比较的长，所以开了一个孔后竹不可以从上面伸出去而方便取水;第二个作用是利用太阳光的紫外线可以杀菌而防止水的腐朽;第三是赏朋和集水，在每朋的农历十五晚上，到沈园散散步，看看月亮，会让你的心情更加舒畅。

沈园的建筑布局是以“孤鹤轩”为中心，这三个字是由著名画家谢稚柳和金右学家康殷所分别题写的。那么为什么取名为孤鹤轩呢?大家都知道陆游是南宋时期伟大的爱国诗人，字务观，号放翁。越州山阴(浙江绍兴)人，出身于“书香门弟”，出生后不久，北宋便灭亡了，由于金兵南侵，使他从小经历了一段逃难生涯。陆12游岁的时候就能诗文，国家垂危的现实，使他20岁就立下了“上马击狂胡，下马草军书”的壮志。22岁那年，到临安参加乡士考试，因为当时名列奸臣秦桧的孙子之前，又因为他不忘记国耻，主张北征，收复失地，受到了秦桧的忌恨，竟在复试时把陆游的名字给除掉了，直到秦桧死后，他才被录用。但因为他力主抗战，多次受到投降派的排挤打击，命运坎坷不平，几次罢职回快乡。由于在朝庭里没有志同道合的朋友，被一些人排次，在晚年过着闭支野般的生活，并在82岁时写有>诗一首，在诗中，诗人以”孤鹤“自喻，所以，我们就把这处建筑取名为”孤鹤轩“，以纪念这位伟大的爱国诗人。在轩中还有一幅对联”宫墙柳一片柔情付与东风飞白絮，六曲栏几多倚思频抛细雨送黄昏“。由萧挺撰文，钱君匋手书。其中的宫墙柳和细送黄昏分别取自陆游和唐婉的>的一句词。下面的这块石头也是一块太湖石，1985年考古发掘得，经考证是明朝的遗物。

现在我们来到的便是千古绝唱的>碑，在欣赏这两首词前，先听我讲一下陆游和唐婉那凄美的爱情故事吧。据史书记载，陆游在20岁左右的时候 表妹唐婉为妻，陆游英俊豪爽，才华过人，唐婉才貌双全，通晓诗词，和陆游可谓是情趣相投。但两年后陆母竟逼迫陆游休妻。为什么她要这么做呢?主要原因有两个：第一，在当时的社会中，他们结婚两年了，却一直没有生育子女，而古代人们非常看重这一点， 为认女子不孝有三，无后为大，由于唐婉与陆游的情趣相投，两人整天在闺房内饮酒作诗，在陆母眼里就是不误正业，所以作为媳妇的唐婉一直没有得到婆婆的欢心。在封建社会中，母命难违，陆唐两人只得忍泪吞声，依依分别，各自娶嫁。在绍兴二十五年的春天，沈园按例对外开放，当时的小说笔记>记载，宋朝惯例，每年的农历三用初一至四月初七，私家花园都要对外开放，包括皇帝的御花园。每到此时，也是游人最多的时候，因此作为越中名园的沈园，每年到此时当然会吸引很多游客来此游玩。陆游与唐婉在这里不期而遇了,唐婉对陆游非常殷勤，派家人给陆游送去了酒菜。陆游回忆起往事，感慨成千，即兴在沈园的园壁上题写了>词：“红酥手，黄滕酒，满城春色宫墙柳。东风恶，欢情薄，一怀愁绪，几年离索，错、错、错。春如旧，人空瘦，泪痕红邑鲛绡透。桃花落，闲池阁，山盟虽在，绵书难托，莫、莫、莫。”当时，陆游已经另娶了四川王氏为妻，而唐婉也改嫁了绍兴名士赵士程。所以，当年的山盟海誓好像还在耳边回响，但两人之间已经不能够再通书信了，此时的陆游不管有多少悔恨多少遗憾，却只能无奈地说一声“莫、莫、莫”了。相传，唐婉看了这首词之后十分伤感，回到家里也和了一首>“世情薄，人情，雨送黄昏花易落。晓风干，泪痕残，欲笺心事，独语斜栏，难、难、难。人成各，今非昨，病魂常追认秋千索。角声寒，夜阑珊，怕人嫱，咽泪妆欢，瞒、瞒、瞒。”从沈园回家后，唐婉一夜没睡，独自依阑垂泪。但是，这种刻古铭心的思念却是无法向人诉说的。所以，她只能“咽泪妆欢”，这种过分压抑使她不久便而死，大约是30岁左右。这是封建礼教所造成的爱情悲剧，唐婉的死给陆游造成了很大的创作，使他终身难以释情。在他晚年每当重游沈园，都会作诗来表达他对前妻唐婉的思念。正因为如此，800多年来，人们总是将沈园与陆游联系在一起，使它成为人们追思这份至死不渝的真挚爱情的千古名园。可是经过了那么多年，宋代沉默的地表建筑已经都不存在了，陆游当年题写的墙也已经无法找到。现在这堵>碑是我们用陆游的手迹，重新组合而成的。

Zhangjiajie is a prefecture level city under the jurisdiction of HunanProvince of the peoples Republic of China, formerly known as Dayong. It islocated in the northwest of Hunan Province, in the middle and upper reaches ofthe Lishui River, and belongs to the hinterland of Wuling mountains. Chinesemainland is one of the most important tourist city in China.

Friends: I believe you are not unfamiliar with Tianmen Mountain. The worldaerobatics Grand Prix held in November 1999 completed the feat of human flyingthrough natural karst caves for the first time, and the name of Tianmen Mountainsuddenly entered the worlds vision. How many people hope to have a glimpse ofTianmen Mountain. Today, you finally get what you want!

Tianmen Mountain is about 8 kilometers away from the south of ZhangjiajieCity. The top of the mountain is 1.93 kilometers wide from north to South and1.96 kilometers long from east to west. It covers an area of 2.2 squarekilometers and has an altitude of 1518.6. It is different from Wulingyuanssandstone peak forest landscape by its well-developed karst landform. It is aplatform shaped isolated mountain surrounded by cliffs.

Tianmen Mountain was called Songliang mountain in the Han Dynasty. In theThree Kingdoms period, a door was opened on the wall of the mountain. Sun Xiu,king of Wu, regarded it as an auspicious omen and renamed it Tianmen Mountain.Tianmen Mountain is a masterpiece of nature. In the long geological history, ithas experienced marine sedimentation rising to continental sedimentation,forming a high mountain, and suffered hundreds of millions of years of wind andrain erosion, especially the Triassic Yanshan movement. At the end of theCretaceous, the large-scale Himalayan orogeny further uplifted the TianmenMountain, which was cut into isolated mountains by two fault canyons, resultingin a great height difference between the high mountains and the valley, with aheight difference of more than 1300 meters within a few kilometers, thuscreating the majestic momentum of the isolated peaks of the TianmenMountain.

Tianmen Mountain is a mysterious carrier of historical culture and Buddhismculture, and a perfect combination of natural landscape and human landscape.

In order to speed up the process of tourism development in Zhangjiajie,Tianmen Mountain is in the process of large-scale development and construction.Some scenic spots have not been officially opened; the worlds longest ropewayand Tianmenshan temple are under construction.

(Tianmen cave) on the 1264 meter high cliff of Tianmen Mountain, there is anatural gate cave from north to south. It is 131.5 meters from the bottom to thetop, 37 meters wide and 30 meters deep. On the top edge of the north side of thecave, there is an inverted dragon head bamboo with roots like dragon head andleaves like phoenix tail, so it is also called Phoenix Tail Bamboo. On the eastside is a trench more than 200 meters high, with spring water flowing from aboveand falling plum blossom rain. It is said that anyone who can open his mouth toreceive 48 drops of plum blossom rain can become an immortal. At the entrance ofTianmen cave, you can often see rock swallows flying and mountain Eaglescircling. With the change of weather, Tianmen cave sometimes breathes clouds,sometimes it is clear like a mirror, which forms a cyclic and ever-changingmeteorological landscape.

So, how did Tianmen cave form? Geologist Mr. Qin gongjiong thought that itwas the result of "funnel" dissolution. He thinks that the terrain on the eastside of Tianmen cave inclines slightly to the west, while the terrain on thewest side inclines slightly to the East, and the core of syncline is facingTianmen cave road. The East and west walls are cut by two joints with a strikeof about 320 degrees, and a joint with a strike of 40 degrees intersects withthem at Tianmen cave. Two karst funnels at the top of the cave also play animportant role in the karst process. After the rain falls, the surface waterflows along the slope to the funnel, and part of the water flowing into the soilflows down the interlayer cracks of the stratum towards the core of thesyncline. The long-term continuous dissolution process makes the local collapse,and finally makes the two groups of caves merge into one, forming the Tianmencave.

However, some people disagree with this: the Tianmen cave was formedaccording to this principle. Why is the base of the cave a huge platform? Canthese rocks "collapse" out of the cave? Therefore, the formation of Tianmen caveis still an unsolved mystery.

(Tianmenshan Temple) Tianmenshan temple was first built in the TangDynasty. It was called Yunbo temple, Lingquan courtyard and Songliang hall inancient times. In the Ming Dynasty, due to improper site selection, it wasrepeatedly destroyed by wind and often suffered from water shortage, soTianmenshan temple was moved from the eastern peak. It used to be a place withtowering ancient trees and thick shade. The lintel of the ancient temple isengraved with the four characters "Tianmen Xianshan". The couplet on both sidesof the gate is: "there is no night in the sky, and there is no mountain on themountain. It is said that Li Zicheng wrote a book by Ye Fu. The entrance is theGreat Buddha Hall, behind which is the Guanyin hall, with six bungalows on bothsides. The last one is the ancestral hall, which is of great scale. Folk can besummarized as "three into the hall, six ear room, brick wall, iron pot, such asKuang". The original architecture of the temple is very particular, withcornices and angles, carved dragons and painted phoenixes, and statues ofBuddhas and Bodhisattvas. There is also a big drum, a big bell, a seven levelstone tower and a Dahua money stove. According to the inscriptions, Tianmenshantemple was repaired seven times during the 163 years from the Qianlong period ofthe Qing Dynasty to the fifth year of the Republic of China. At that time, therewas an endless stream of believers from more than ten counties along the borderof Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou. Now Tianmenshan Tourism Co., Ltd. isrepairing Tianmenshan temple on a large scale, and the former prosperity willreappear.

(longtouyan) its called longtouyan. In the past, there were stone tapsthat could be turned on the collapse. Longtou rock faces a cliff. It is saidthat in the past, many pilgrims, in order to show their sincerity in praying forGod and worshiping Buddha, held the dragons head in their hands and made acircle around the cliff. As long as they were sincere, they would guarantee younothing. Later, the dragon head was lifted off the cliff. Now we can only seethe stone pit where the dragon head was placed. Longtou rock is the best viewingplatform for sunrise and sea. Li Jing, the magistrate of Yuezhou in the MingDynasty, wrote a poem praising Tianmen Mountain

The mountain reaches its peak, and the gate of heaven is within reach.

Looking up at Penglai under the red sun, looking forward to Lufu whiteclouds.

Cangya abrupt pine fir ancient, Qujing remote horse trace empty.

If you want to build the highest peak, flying must rely on the skywind.

(chisongfeng gold pool) this small pool is about 1.3 meters long, 0.6meters wide and only a few centimeters deep. No matter how dry it is, the waterwill not dry up all the year round. It is said that this is the gold pool ofchisongzi, the rain master of Shennong emperor in ancient times. Under thenorthern cliff, there is a peak like Danzao peak, which is called Danzao peak.At the top of the peak, there are clouds and mist, like the smoke rising fromthe stove. It is said that it is a stove used by red pine nuts for alchemy.There is a poem by predecessors: "in the past, there were immortal places. Therelics are left in Danzao, and they often come and go. " There are thunder caveand electricity cave under the peak of Danzao. It is said that in addition tousing the water from the golden pool, the red pine nut can reach a certaindegree of fire with the help of thunder and electricity.

There are a lot of strange things in Tianmen Mountain, but the truth is notclear. Among them, there are four ancient mysteries, which have been handed downfrom generation to generation, and no one has solved them. The first is themystery of Tianmen opening, the second is the mystery of Guiguzi developing, thethird is the mystery of turning the water on the top of the mountain, and thefourth is the mystery of wild Buddhas treasure. It is said that under the beechtree is the treasure house of the wild Buddha. In the chapter "Tianmen Mountain"in the local records of Yongding County written by Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty,it is said that "in the Ming Dynasty, the wild Buddha flew to this mountain fromJiashan temple. The wild Buddha was a bandit. After the incident, he cut off hishair and became a monk. He escaped from heaven. "

(ghost Valley cave) it is said that when Li Zicheng took Yefu up themountain, he took more than 100 people and horses and many gold and silvertreasures, hired nine wooden boats to sneak into Dayong secretly against the LiRiver, and went up Tianmen Mountain unconsciously. This time Yefu became a monk,he didnt really want to become a Buddha. Instead, he "sleeps" every day and"draws his sword to the altar" to "restore the Central Plains" and "wipe out thewhole world" one day. However, the situation took a sharp turn, the peasant armycollapsed, the Qing government was established, and Yefu finally died ofanxiety. It is said that before he died, he scattered all the treasures he hadbrought and hid them in several secret places in Tianmen Mountain. And poisonedall the migrant workers to death. For hundreds of years, I dont know how manybandits, pilgrims and mysterious monks of Tianmen Mountain have come to Tianmento worship. In fact, they have come back empty handed to peep at the terrain andsearch for treasure. Where the treasure is hidden is always a mystery.

Standing on the cliff 300 meters away, there is an inverted trapezoidalcave with trees at the entrance and waterfalls flying out of the cave. It issaid that Gui GuZi, a famous scholar in the Warring States period, once studiedthe book of changes in the cave wall, and devoted himself to practicing martialarts, creating the world-famous "ghost Valley magic skill". There is also asecret collection of Wulin, Tianmen 36 Tianchi, which is called Guigu cave bylater generations. Guiguzi was the founder of the Political Science in theWarring States period. His main work, maneuvering tactics, is known as awonderful book, which studies how to defeat each other by means of union ordivision in politics and diplomacy. Historians say that a history of the WarringStates period chaos is derived from Guigu cave, which shows that Guigu Zi isvery good. Luo Fuhai, a man of Qing Dynasty, wrote a poem entitled "ghost Valleycave": "peach blossom and flowing water go floating, smile into the clouds, andvisit the cave deeply. Hermit flow more buried surname Yu, vertical andhorizontal skills actually immortal. On the wall of the Dao script, sealcharacters are left, and lead is cremated in the furnace. I heard Jun playingmusic in my ears, and a waterfall fell to the top of ten thousand peaks. "Xixiping and guanliping at the foot of the mountain are famous places for hardQigong. Qigong master Zhao Jishu has visited European countries many times andwon honor for his motherland.

From the end of 1980s to the 1990s, Li Guangyu, a veteran of Chisongvillage at the southern foot of Tianmen Mountain, had been let down for sixtimes to investigate the cave. Once, when exploring the cave, he occasionallytook pictures of Guiguzis face studying the book of changes with his camera.This is a profile image with a five sense organ Gallery, which is clearlydistinguishable. It is similar to the picture of Guiguzi, which has been widelyspread so far. Whether the image of Guiguzi is so vivid is accidental orcoincidence, or Gods intentional arrangement, which has become a mystery ofTianmen Mountain.

(aerial garden) please note that there are many exposed stone buds andstone forests on both sides of the trail. They are high and low in differentshapes, like a line to welcome us. This is another remarkable feature of thekarst landform in Tianmen Mountain. There are many stone buds and stone forestson the top of the mountain, which are distributed in the middle of the denseforest, forming a unique and primitive air garden. They are like labyrinths oneby one, and they are also like the eight array pictures of Pushuos confusionand changes. Tourists travel through it with unlimited interest. Folk legend hasit that anyone who can successfully pass through these labyrinths will be ableto pass through the so-called forty-eight gates of all living beings. Myfriends, you may as well have a try now. I wish you a smooth life.

(Li Nas cabin) this seven shaped cabin is the house of Li Na, a famoussinger. In May 1997, Li Na finished singing a song "Qinghai Tibet Plateau", andsoon disappeared. The news media couldnt find her everywhere. It turned outthat she had come to Tianmen Mountain. After living for a few days, she wasattracted and shocked by the magical Tianmen Mountain, and soon made twodecisions: one is to officially move her registered permanent residence toYongding District of Zhangjiajie, where Tianmen Mountain is located; the otheris to build a house for herself on the top of Tianmen Mountain. On June 6, 1997,Li Na officially became a citizen of Yongding District. It was said that Li Nawas going to build a house in Tianmen Mountain. The people were very happy.Without saying a word, they lifted wood and bricks from the foot of the mountainto the top of the mountain, which was more than 1500 meters high. A month later,the house was built. In her "nest", Li Na made the third decision that shockedthe world: to become a monk! Before long, Li Na unconsciously studied Buddhismin Mt. Wutai, Shanxi, and changed her name to shichangsheng. Before she leftTianmen Mountain, Li Na sang "Ode to sister-in-law" for Aunt Hu, who had beenwaiting on her for nearly a month. Then she opened her voice and sang "TianmenMountain", a three and a half degree poem "tailored by her assistant" for her,in order to bid farewell to her second hometown.

Tianmen Mountain

Approaching you, for the eternal oath,

Approaching you, for that distant dream,

What makes my heart so peaceful,

I finally saw Tianmen Mountain

Friends, why did Li Na become a monk and settle down in Tianmen Mountain?Its not clear in a few words. Its up to you to decipher the mystery of Li Naslife.

It is said that the first time Guiguzi went to Tianmen Mountain was fromganziping to laodaowan, from the cliff to the top of the mountain, and then toguigudong. Under the cliff, there is still a chain.

(overlooking Tianmen) standing here, you can overlook Tianmen cave facingnorth and Tongtian Avenue being built by Tianmen Mountain company. It was herethat CCTV crew 6 filmed the amazing scene of the plane passing through theTianmen gate during the world flying race in November 1999. Its more than 200meters from Tianmen cave.

Tianmen Mountain, like Zhangjiajie, is a national forest park with richvegetation. About 500 mu of primary secondary forest is preserved at the top ofthe mountain. According to the investigation, there are 532 species of vascularplants in 134 families, 353 genera. 95% of them are broad-leaved forests. Therare tree species under state protection include Davidia involucrata, Xiangguo,Lianxiang, Acer palmatum, Acer Sanguinalis, Eucommia ulmoides, Torreya grandis,silver Finch, etc. In this primary secondary forest, along this path, we willfind many rare tree species. This is Acer Sanguinalis. The cortex on the surfaceof the trunk is blood red. In autumn and winter, the bark on the surface of aslightly older tree splits in large pieces and adheres to the trunk. It is thinand looks like shaking scales. This is Carpinus. Carpinus is a new family ofvegetation species on earth. It was first discovered in Tianmen Mountain byProfessor Lin Yuanwang of South China Forestry University in 1998 and named"Dayong Carpinus" by the authority of the State Forestry Department. This is athousand year old tree called "Carpinus king", which needs to be embraced by twopeople. Carpinus Carpinus is hard and can be used as farm tools and furniture.It can extract rubber and extract oil from seeds.

(Davidia involucrate Bay) Davidia involucrate is known as the "livingfossil" of plants. It is an extremely precious tree species in the world. Thedistribution of Davidia involucrate communities is especially rare at the top ofhigh mountains with an altitude of more than 1500 meters. However, large-scaleDavidia involucrate communities have been found in Tianmen mountain and Badagongmountain. There are more than 100 Davidia involucrata trees in this area, so itis also called Davidia involucrata Bay. Davidia involucrata is like a dove. Whenit blooms in June, its branches are like doves with wings spreading to fly.There are also Gastrodia elata, Huanglian, Danggui, qiyeyizhihua and otherprecious medicinal plants in the forest. In 1984, the forest farm workers founda unicorn with only one horn on its head in this area. Its whole body is numbgray and the size of a calf. On the mountain, we also found two monkeys, about10-13cm long. Historical records: Mi monkey, also known as Haba monkey, is smalland can be hidden in the sleeve.

(Lingquan courtyard is the site of Yunbo nunnery) the Lingquan courtyard islocated on the back of Yunmeng Mountain, facing the southwest from thenortheast. The original building has two rooms and three rooms, facing the sunfrom the Lee. The environment is very beautiful. At the end of Tang Dynasty andFive Dynasties, Zhou Pu, a scholar, retired here. In 1975, under the ancienttrees in front of the site, a seven star bronze sword with inscriptions on thedragons head was excavated. The inscription is "emperor xuanzu of TianmenMountain". Together with four bronze Bodhisattvas, it was identified as acultural relic of the Tang Dynasty and a national first-class cultural relic.Emperor Xuan should be a Taoist. It is said that the Tianmen bronze sword wascollected by monk Danzi during the reign of Li Heng, Emperor suzong of TangDynasty. It is a treasure of Zhenshan. It is said that monk Danzi is the firstabbot of Tianmen Mountain Buddhist temple, which proves that there is aprecedent of integrating Buddhism and Taoism in Tianmen Mountain, and Puguangtemple in the city is a typical example of the confluence of Buddhism,Confucianism and Taoism.

(Yunmeng Summit) Yunmeng summit is surrounded by cliffs on the East, Westand north sides, with three natural viewing platforms on the edge. Looking downfrom here, you can see the housing streets in Zhangjiajie City and the gulliesand peaks on both sides of Xianren river. There are also three sister peaks ofchaotianguan in the northwest, and mountains in Yongshun, Cili and Yuanling inthe distance. It really has the feeling of "looking at the small mountains" and"Lishui is as thin as intestines". It will be a great pleasure to watch the seaof clouds here. The rolling clouds, like empty huge waves, are surging, givingpeople a heroic way to conquer mountains and a detachment from the world.

(Tomb of Zhoupu) Zhoupu was a scholar of the Late Jin Dynasty in the FiveDynasties. In order to avoid the war at that time, he lived in seclusion inLingquan courtyard of Tianmen Mountain for entertainment. At that time, thefather and son of Ma Yin and Ma Xifan, the kings of Chu, who ruled the Southseparately, admired his talent and learning, and invited Zhou Pu out of themountain many times, but he politely declined, and later died in TianmenMountain. His tomb is surrounded by a ring of natural stone teeth. In front ofit, there are three arched stone buildings. After the collapse, there is a tomb.Zhou Pu tomb is an important historic site on the mountain. Zhou Pu wrote inTianmen Mountain

大家好! 我是您们的导游，我姓张。大家可以叫我张导游。

请大家跟我来。这里是云南丽江古城。我先给大家简单介绍一下云南丽江古城。云南丽江古城又名大研镇，坐落在云南丽江坝中部，称为“保存最为完好的四大古城”之一。它是中国历史文化名城中唯一没有城墙的古城。云南丽江古城地处云贵高原，海拔2400余米，全城面积达3.8平方公里，自古就是远近闻名的集市和重镇。古城现有居民6200多户，25000余人。其中，纳西族占总人口绝大多数，有30%的居民仍在从事以铜银器制作、皮毛皮革、纺织、酿造业为主的传统手工业和商业活动。

好了，现在大家跟我进古城看看。

云南丽江古城是一座没有城墙的古城，大研古城是一座具有浓烈人文气息的小城。

云南丽江古城内的街道依山傍水修建，铺的大多都是红色角砾岩，雨季不会泥泞、旱季也不会飞灰，石上花纹图案自然雅致。看，光滑洁净的青石板路、完全手工建造的土木结构的房屋、无处不在的小桥流水。

前面就是古城中心的四方街了。这里工艺品琳琅满目。人气兴旺。来古城没有不来四方街的。位于古城与新城交界处的大水车是云南丽江古城的标志，古城大水车旁有一块大屏幕，每日播放的歌曲即是古城最受欢迎最有特色的歌曲，其中《纳西净地》是较为出名的歌曲之一。现在给大家十分钟拍个照吧，你一定感觉很好的!

在云南丽江，修建有桥梁354座，其密度为平均每平方公里93座。桥梁的形制多种多样，较着名的有锁翠桥、大石桥……古城内的木府原为云南丽江世袭土司木氏的衙署。五凤楼始建于明代万历二十九年(公元1601年)，楼高20米。因其建筑形制酷似五只飞来的彩凤，故名“五凤楼”。这里还有白沙民居建筑、群束河民居建筑群……一会大家自由参观吧。

云南丽江古城历史悠久，古朴自然。城市布局错落有致，既具有山城风貌，又富于水乡韵味。云南丽江民居既融和了汉、白、彝、藏各民族精华，又有纳西族的独特风采，很独特吧!

今天，我就给大家介绍到这里。祝大家旅愉快!再见!

桂林龙脊梯田景区位于桂林西北的龙胜县和平乡境内，距离桂林市区77公里，距龙胜县城17公里。从桂林乘车到龙脊梯田景区的车程为1.5个小时。

龙脊梯田地处海拔1916米的崇山峻岭深处，梯田海拔最高处1180米，最低380米，垂直落差800米，面积70.16平方公里，分为龙脊古壮寨梯田观景区、金坑·大寨红瑶梯田观景区、平安壮族梯田观景区，主要景点十几个。

根据记载，龙脊梯田距今已有一千多年的历史(龙脊梯田景区位置原隶属兴安县)。龙脊梯田开造始于宋代，历史悠久，居住在这里的壮、瑶族少数民族，祖祖辈辈筑埂开田，从水流湍急的溪谷到云雾缭绕的峰峦，从森林边缘到悬崖峭壁，凡是能开垦地方，都开凿了梯田。由于是依山而建，因地制宜，因此这些梯田大者不过一亩，小者仅能插下两三行禾苗，俗称青蛙一跳三块田。一千多年来经历了多少代人的努力，使龙脊梯田日臻完美，形成了从山脚一直盘绕到山顶，“小山如螺，大山成塔”的壮丽景观。她以磅礴的气势、流动的线条，变幻的神韵和独特的民俗风情而享誉中外，为天下梯田之望尘莫及，堪称“天下一绝”,是桂林旅游的重要组成部分。现有游客接待床位6000多张，为桂林黄金旅游线路之一。

龙脊梯田的景色随季节的更替而变幻无穷。开春之际，灌满水的层层梯田映衬着天光，如同根根银带相叠;夏日骄阳似火，绿油油的禾苗随着微风翻卷着道道绿波;金秋流光溢彩，漫山铺金，层层梯田若级级金阶，梯田环绕的山峰又似座座金塔;隆冬，银装素裹，把梯田和山寨都嵌入了冰雕玉砌的童话世界里。在错落有致的梯田间、在蜿延曲折的山路上、在炊烟袅袅的山寨里，偶见瑶女壮妹身背竹篓，款款而行;在流泉飞瀑下，溪水潺潺中，时有红瑶妇女洗梳长发，玩水嬉戏，不时飘来几缕悠扬纯朴的山歌声，令人陶醉其间，流连忘返…

各位尊敬的考官，早上好。今天能在这里参加面试，有机会向各位考官请教和学习，我感到十分的荣幸，同时通过这次面试也可以把我自己展现给大家，希望你们能记住我，下面介绍一下我的基本情况。我叫，现年xx岁，x族，大专文化，平时我喜欢看书和上网流览信息，性格活泼开朗，能关心身边的人和事，和亲人朋友融洽相处，能做到理解和原谅，我对生活充满信心。我曾经在工作，在公司里先后在不同的岗位工作过，开始我从事工作，随后因公司需要到，有一定的社会实践经验，在工作上取得一些的成绩，同时也得到公司的认可。

通过几年的工作我学到了很多知识，同时还培养了我坚韧不拔的意志和顽强拼搏的精神，使我能够在工作中不断地克服困难、积极进取。加入体育教师的行列是我多年以来的一个强烈愿望，同时我认识到人和工作的关系是建立在自我认知的基础上，而我感觉到我的工作热情一直没有被激发到最高，我热爱我的工作，但每个人都是在不断地寻求取得更好的成绩，我的自我认知让我觉得体育教师是一个正确的选择，这些就坚定了我报考体育教师的信心和决心。所以我参加了这次体育教师考试并报考了，如果这次能考上，我相信自己能够在中得到锻炼和有获得发展的机会。体育教师是一种神圣而高尚的职业，它追求的是公共利益的最大化，所以要求体育教师要为人民、为国家服务，雷锋曾这样说过：人的生命是有限的，可为人民服务是无限的，我要把有限的生命投入到无限的为人民服务中去，这就是我对体育教师认知的最好诠释。所以，这个职位能让我充分实现我的社会理想和体现自身的价值。

你们好，欢迎你们来到保定旅游，我是你们的导游__。

保定市位于河北省中部，是一座历史悠久的古城，自然景观和人文景观都非常丰富。

距离北京较近的涞水野三坡山清水美，是国家级风景名胜区;而白洋淀里飘飘扬扬的芦苇絮，又给这个“华北明珠”增添了几许捉摸不透的浪漫气息。

保定的历史颇值自傲，在至今五六千年的春秋时代，晋国就在这里建下保定历史上的第一座城池，以后在各朝各代又分别成为县、路、府、直隶省会等，我们所熟悉的老电影《野火春风斗古城》《红旗谱》里的故事也发生在这里。

这个小城的古迹虽然不算多，但也不可小觑：市中心的古莲花池是清雍正年间高等学府的所在地，是当时十大名园之一，园中古亭上的莲叶托桃石雕据说是讽刺当年八国联军入侵时慈禧连夜脱逃的事儿;此外还有以出土了金缕玉衣而名噪一时的满城汉墓、埋葬着清代四位皇帝的清西陵等。

好，游客朋友们，保定就为大家讲解到这儿，谢谢各位的支持!

Nanchang, the capital of Jiangxi Province, has jurisdiction over fourcounties, five districts, one new district and two national development zones,with a total area of 7402 square kilometers and a total population of 4.49million, of which the urban population is 1.96 million. It is one of the 35 megacities in China. With a long history of more than 2200 years, Nanchang has beenendowed with "natural treasures and outstanding people"; its red homeland, greenhome, ancient customs, special charm and golden fields have made Nanchang "amagnificent city with beautiful scenery". Today, we are stepping into an era ofeconomic globalization full of hope, competition, vitality and challenges.Nanchang is showing its unique potential and attractive advantages.

The name of Nanchang began in the Western Han Dynasty, 220 BC___ Liu Bang,Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, sent yinghou Guanying and his troops toNanchang, built Nanchang City and named it Nanchang, which means "prosperity ofthe South". Tang and Song dynasties were the West Road in the south of theYangtze River and the administrative center of Hongqian. They were the famouscities in the southeast, so they were also called "Hongdu".

The tourist areas of Nanchang include the urban area and the nearbyMeiling, Jingan SANZHAOLUN, Zhangshu and other places. The scenic spots andhistoric sites blend in the beautiful natural scenery, and the beautifullandscape sets off the unique style of the ancient city of Nanchang.

In todays economic globalization trend of large-scale industrial transfer,resource restructuring and development alliance, Nanchang has ushered in a newround of development opportunities. Under the correct leadership of Jiangxiprovincial Party committee and government, and with the active participation ofinvestors and entrepreneurs at home and abroad, the hero city is undergoingrapid and profound changes. Nanchangs investment environment is improving dayby day, its economic development is accelerating, and its market prosperity isrising continuously, especially the entrepreneur confidence index and enterpriseprosperity index are both stronger, which fully shows the huge development spaceand investment opportunities contained in Nanchang.

Nanchang city is now very prosperous. Bayi Square in the center of the cityis green and can accommodate 100000 people. The August 1 Nanchang UprisingMemorial Tower standing at the southern end of the square has become a monumentof Nanchangs revolutionary history. After the reform and opening up, Nanchangstourism has developed rapidly. Many cultural relics and historic sites have beenrestored. There are 26 natural landscapes and 78 cultural landscapes. There arefamous world cultural heritage Lushan scenic spot, Poyang Lake migratory birdreserve, Longhushan national scenic spot, Jinggangshan National Scenic Spot andSanqingshan National Scenic Spot near Nanchang. It has formed a tourism andsightseeing system with Nanchang as the center, along the Beijing KowloonRailway scenic belt as the focus and radiating Jiangxi Province.

Nanchang is also a heroic city with glorious revolutionary tradition. TheAugust 1 Nanchang Uprising is world-famous. The Chinese peoples Liberation Armywas born here, so Nanchang is also known as "hero city".

After the reform and opening up, Nanchangs tourism industry has developedrapidly, and many cultural relics and historic sites have been renovated.Nanchang has become a hot tourist city attracting worldwide attention.

南锣鼓巷南北走向，长约800米，东西各有8条胡同整齐排列着，从南向北，西面的8条胡同是福祥胡同、蓑衣胡同、雨儿胡同、帽儿胡同、景阳胡同、沙井胡同、黑芝麻胡同、前鼓楼苑胡同;东边的8条胡同是炒豆胡同、板厂胡同、东棉花胡同、北兵马司胡同、秦老胡同、前圆恩寺胡同、后圆恩寺胡同、菊儿胡同。这些胡同在元朝时没有名称，名称是明朝以后逐渐演变来的。比如菊儿胡同，明代叫局儿胡同，后来改称橘儿胡同，清代宣统时才称菊儿胡同，后延续至今。整个街区犹如一条大蜈蚣，所以又称蜈蚣街。

近几年，成为许多时尚杂志报道的热点，不少电视剧在这里取景拍摄，许多国外旅行者把其列为在北京的必游景点。其实，明清以来，这里一直是“富人区”，居住过许多达官贵人、社会名流，从明朝将军到清朝王爷，从北洋政府总统到国民党总裁，从文学大师到画坛巨匠，这里的每一条胡同都留下历史的痕迹。

“北有故宫，南有木府”，木府是一座辉煌的建筑艺术之苑，它充分反映了明代中原建筑的风采气质，同时保留了唐宋中原建筑古朴粗犷的流风余韵，而其座西朝东，府内玉沟纵横，活水长流的布局，则又见纳西族传统文化之精神。

进入木府可以看到中轴线的议事厅、万卷楼、护法殿等大殿，两侧房屋罗列，楼台亭阁，数不胜数;花园回廊，风格别致。据说木府的建筑风格是“仿紫禁城而建”。

议事厅端庄宽敞，气势恢弘，是土司议政之殿;万卷楼集两 千年文化遗产之精粹，千卷东巴经，百卷大藏经，六公土司诗集，众多名士书画，皆是翰林珍奇，学苑瑰宝，护法殿又称后议事厅，是土司议家事之殿，光碧楼乃后花园门楼，史称其建筑"称甲滇西";玉音楼是接圣旨之所和歌舞宴乐之地;三清殿是木氏土司推崇道家精神的产物，而狮子山古柏深处，还有木氏土司祭祀天祖。

从后花园一直沿着回廊一直往上，可以看到古树、假山、亭台楼阁。面对此情此景，不禁让人想到《阿房宫赋》里的“五步一楼，十步一阁，廊腰缦回，檐牙高啄。”

到达木府的最高处——三清殿，可以俯瞰整个丽江古城。三清殿是祭祀的地方，有一定的禁忌，比如：右进左出，中间的门是空门，是出家修行的和尚、道士等才能走的门。

古代著名旅行家徐霞客曾叹木府曰："宫室之丽,拟于王室"。

丽江旅游有一句话：“不到木府，等于不到丽江”。所以来了丽江，怎能不到木府看看呢。

Good morning, everyone. Welcome to the ancient city of Xian. Nice to meetyou. Im your tour guide this time. My name is Xu chenxuan. Just call me Xu Daoor Chen Xuan. Now lets start the journey of Xian ancient city wall!

First of all, I would like to briefly introduce the ancient city wall ofXian. The ancient city wall of Xian is also called Xian Ming city wall. It islocated in the central area of Xian, Shaanxi Province. The height of the wallis 12 meters, the top width is 12-14 meters, the bottom width is 15-18 meters,and the outline is a closed rectangle with a perimeter of 13 meters. 74kilometers. The city wall is used to be called the ancient city area, with anarea of 11 square meters. With an area of 32 square kilometers, the famous belland Drum Tower in Xian is located in the center of the ancient city.

In front of us is the main gate of the city wall. There are four gates likethis: Changle gate (East Gate), Yongning gate (South Gate), Anding gate (WestGate) and Anyuan gate (North Gate). The four gates were the original gates ofthe Ming city wall. Because of the military and defense needs at that time, theywere all single door caves, and they all built three walls, and Weng city wasformed between the two walls. So far, except Yongning gate, only two walls areleft in the other three gates.

OK, heres your free time. Please gather here in an hour.