内蒙古英语导游词精品19篇

Nanguan mosque in Yinchuan is a building with Arabic style and ethniccharacteristics. It was rebuilt in 1981 and is located in the southeast cornerof Yinchuan city. It is the central place for Hui people to carry out religiousactivities in Yinchuan city. Every year, hundreds of Muslims gather here forpilgrimage and worship.

The mosque in Nanguan has a long history. At the end of Ming Dynasty, theoriginal temple was located in Gongbei Pavilion outside Nanguan, Yinchuan, witha small scale. In 1916, the site of the temple was moved into Nanguan and alarge temple with classical style was built. In the 1960s, temples weredestroyed in the turmoil. In 1981, Muslims raised money to rebuild the site.

The main hall of the reconstructed mosque in Nanguan is 26 meters high,with an area of about 10000 square meters. The main hall has two layers of roundvault, the upper layer is the main hall and balcony, and the square worship hallcan accommodate more than 1300 people. The lower floor has a spacious bath room,Chapel hall, female chapel hall, Arabic school, Imams bedroom, office,reception room, etc., all connected by cloisters.

In the center of the roof stands a large and four small green domedecoration. The large one is in the center, with a diameter of 9 meters. Thecrescent moon is hanging at the top, and the small one is 3 meters in diameter.It is distributed in the four corners of the roof. Looking from afar, the greendome is shining and magnificent. There are stairs leading to the upper floor infront of the main building, and flower beds are planted on both sides. In themiddle of the front of the hall is a 15 meter diameter fountain, surrounded byflowers and trees, with 30 meter high "minarets" on both sides. Many preciouspines and cypresses, trees and flowers are also planted in the temple. The wholebuilding has a strict layout, compact structure and grand scale.

With its unique, elegant and solemn characteristics, and strong Islamicarchitectural art style, Nanguan mosque has become one of the key religiousactivity sites and Tourism Landscapes in the autonomous region. In recent years,leaders, envoys and friends from more than 90 countries and regions havevisited. Many overseas Muslims also come here to worship.

Shanghai Xintiandi is a city tourist attraction with strong "Shanghaistyle" style in Shanghai. Its predecessor is one of the symbols of modernarchitecture in Shanghai the dilapidated Shikumen residential area in Shanghai.It is a leisure pedestrian street integrating catering, commerce, entertainmentand culture based on the unique old Shikumen building area in Shanghai. Afterthe transformation, Shanghai Xintiandi was injected into many fashionablecommercial elements creatively, and became an international leisure, culturaland entertainment center with functions such as dining, shopping andentertainment. It is an urban tourist attraction with Shanghais historical andcultural features. It integrates the traditional Shikumen Lane in Shanghai withthe modern new buildings based on the integration of China and the West and thecombination of the old and the new.

Shanghai Xintiandi is located in the center of Luwan District and adjacentto the Huaihai Road. On the south side of Huaihai Middle Road, between HuangpiSouth Road and Madang Road, it is adjacent to the intersection of Huangpi SouthRoad subway station and north-south, east-west elevated roads. ShanghaisXintiandi has become an international well-known gathering place, and has beenincluded in the list of Shanghai tourist attractions. It has also become aclassic case of Chinas real estate regional transformation.

This is the photo of Shanghai Xintiandi. In May, I went to ShanghaiXintiandi. I took some photos to show you. After that, Shanghai might as well goand have a cup of coffee in the open air to feel the unique charm of ShanghaiXintiandi.

内蒙古鄂尔多斯遗鸥国家级自然保护区(简称鄂尔多斯保护区)位于内蒙古东胜市和伊金霍洛旗境内，距东胜市 50km，距伊金霍洛旗政府 40km。属于野生动物类型保护区，主要保护对象是遗鸥繁殖地及内陆湖泊。保护区属内陆湿地，主要湿地类型包括盐湖、淡水湖泊和人工湿地等，符合《湿地公约》国际重要湿地指定标准的 1、2、3、5、6。1998 年内蒙古自治区人民政府批准建立鄂尔多斯遗鸥自然保护区， 20xx年被列入 《国际重要湿地名录》 。鄂尔多斯保护区内记录到的湿地鸟类共计 83 种，主要有天鹅、白琵鹭、赤麻鸭、蓑羽鹤等。遗鸥数量最多时达到 16 000 只，约占自然界遗鸥数量的60%，繁殖巢数最多达到 3600 余个，承载了繁殖种群中 90% 以上的个体。保护区位于鄂尔多斯高原由典型高原向荒漠化草原过渡地带，植被稀疏，多为沙生植物。草原上以长芒草、糙隐子草、萎蒿、百里香、冷蒿等为主;沙地上以油蒿、中间锦鸡儿作为建群种;流沙上以沙米、沙竹、白沙蒿等为先锋群落;滩地植被类型有以寸草苔为建群种的湿滩地，以沙柳、乌柳等为主要建种的柳湾林地，以芨芨草、碱蓬、红柳等为建群种的盐化滩地等。湖中的水生植物主要有眼子菜、刚毛藻、转板藻、绿藻以及蒲、苇类等。

鄂尔多斯保护区属于温带大陆性气候，主要受西北环流与极地冷空气的影响，春季、夏季温热，秋季凉爽，冬季寒冷。季度更替明显，冬长夏短，四季分明。光照资源丰富，年日照时数 3200h，年日照率大于 70%。年太阳辐射能量平均 686.83kJ/cm2。太阳辐射能量最高值在5月份，最低值在12月份。年平均气温 5.2℃，最热的 7 月份平均气温 21.3℃，最低的 12 月份平均气温-12.9℃， 10℃的年积温为 2580.3℃。平均地面温度 8.1℃。土壤冻结日数达7个月左右。 无霜期多年平均116天。 降水一般集中在每年7～8月份，占全年降水量的 65%，年平均降水量 325.8mm，蒸发量为 2501mm，春夏两季蒸发量很大。

鄂尔多斯保护区境内主要湖泊有桃-阿海子、侯家海子和苏家圪卜海子。其中最大的湖泊桃-阿海子位于泊江海子乡南部与伊金霍洛旗交界处，呈驼峰状，湖面开阔，景色迷人。水质偏碱性，pH8.4 ～ 8.6，常水位水域面积10km2，湖水平均水深 2.5m，最深处超过 9m。桃-阿海子是东胜唯一不干涸的内陆湖，山泉水及局部深水区为桃-阿海子提供水源，保证湖水不干涸，但水面面积很不稳定。雨季到来，扎日格沟河 ( 鸡沟河 )、乌尔图河、活页乌素河、根皮沟和孟家河等季节性河流雨水大量涌入湖内，使其水质、水量得以充分保证。

Welcome to Xinxian, the old revolutionary base area. Geographically, theold revolutionary base area is generally located in remote areas, withinconvenient transportation, poor natural conditions and peoples livingdifficulties. The county is no exception. After liberation, especially after thereform and opening up, what changes have taken place in the old revolutionarybase areas? Today, Id like to introduce to you the contributions made by thenew counties in the old revolutionary base areas to the Chinese revolution andthe great changes since the reform and opening up.

Xinxian is located in the southernmost part of Henan Province, thehinterland of Dabie Mountains and the junction of Hubei, Henan and Anhuiprovinces. The total population is 330000. From the east to the west ofhengdouxin County in the Dabie Mountains, the Beijing Kowloon railway runsthrough the north and south, and the national highways 106 and 312 pass through.It is 160 kilometers away from Wuhan in the south, Zhengzhou in the north, Hefeiin the East and Xinyang in the south. It is known as the "thoroughfare of thethree provinces" and the "south gate of the Central Plains". Xinxian is the landof red, the cradle of generals. She was the source of "jute uprising", the firstbase of Dabie Mountain area, and the center and capital of Hubei Henan AnhuiSoviet area. The Fourth Front Army of the Red Army, the 25th army of the RedArmy, the fourth detachment of the New Fourth Army and the Central Plains fieldarmy were born here. Lenin, the first plane of the Red Army, flew into the bluesky from here. In the small county with less than 100000 people in those years,55000 people gave their precious lives to the revolution. Deng Xiaoping, DongBiwu, Xu Qianqian, Liu Bocheng, Li Xiannian and other party and state leadershave worked and fought here. New county has 43 generals, known as "generalscounty" known throughout the country. The people of Xinxian county made greatcontributions to the victory of the Chinese revolution.

Dear friends, although Xinxian is located in a remote area, it is rich inproducts. It is known as "gold grows on the mountain, silver is buriedunderground", and has strong advantages of sustainable development. The ruralpillar industry of Xinxian county has formed a scale. The fine forestry,ecological forestry, high-efficiency forest and fruit industry have reached 1.5million mu, and the forest coverage rate has reached 58.2%. Xinxian county is anational key forestry county and ecological demonstration county. It is a famoustown of Ginkgo biloba and Gastrodia elata in China. The output and quality ofchestnut, Camellia oleifera, wild kiwi and tea all rank first in Henan Province.The reserves of rutile, mica, ferrotitanium, granite, quartzite and porcelainclay are very rich and have high mining value. At present, more than 40 kinds ofmineral deposits have been proved. Xinxians annual export of foreign laborservices amounts to tens of millions of US dollars, ranking first in theprovinces export of foreign military affairs.

Xinxian is the transitional zone of North-South climate, and theintersection of the three major plant areas of East China, central China andNorth China. There are many kinds of suitable animals. At present, there aremore than 190 species of various plants and 530 species of wild animals, whichare the treasure house of traditional Chinese Medicine.

During the Ninth Five Year Plan period, more than 900 kilometers of roadswere newly built in Xinxian County, raising 2.3 billion yuan, excavating 12.04million cubic meters of earth and stone, and adding 140.7 kilometers of asphaltroads, which fundamentally changed the backward traffic situation of Xinxiancounty. The road is smooth, the mountain gate is wide open, and the farmersideas have a fundamental change. The forest and fruit industry alone has anannual per capita income of 800 yuan, and the mountain village has finallyopened up a road to prosperity.

Electric power, telecommunication, radio and television also developedrapidly. In 1998, every village in the county was electrified. In the past twoyears, there has been no television. In the past two years, the TV user rate hasreached 80%. The whole county has also realized the program-controlled telephonein every village, forming a modern digital communication network of urban andrural integration.

The social undertakings of Xinxian county have developed in an all-roundway, and the construction of spiritual civilization has achieved fruitfulresults. It has won the title of "advanced county of civilization construction"for four consecutive years.

When it comes to tourism, there are many special tourism resources inXinxian. She has revolutionary monuments such as the branch of the CPC CentralCommittee in Hubei, Henan and Anhui, the Hubei, Henan and Anhui military region,the tomb of General Xu Shiyou, the capital museum, the martyrs cemetery, andother national forest parks such as Tiantai Mountain, Liankang mountain, Jinlanmountain, Baiyun Mountain, Xianglu mountain, huangmaojian, Xizhai, etc. Withbeautiful scenery, birds singing and flowers fragrance, it attracts thousands oftourists from home and abroad.

Friends! Now were going to visit Jinbian river. Jinbianxi is named afterjinbianyan, which is 7.5km long and takes about 3 hours to travel. The mainscenic spots along the road are Guanyin Songzi, jinqiyan, wenxingyan, Zicaolake, Qianli meeting, TIAOYU lake, shuirao four gates, etc.

Many tourists insist that Jinbian river is the most beautiful canyon in theworld, which is not a word of praise. As for the evaluation of jinbianxi, westill quote the inscription of Nancy Dick, the female vice governor of Colorado,for Zhangjiajie: "Zhangjiajie is so beautiful, its amazing. People say that theGrand Canyon is magical. (the Grand Canyon is the Grand Canyon of Colorado, anAmerican National Park known as the miracle of nature). I think Zhangjiajie iseven more incredible. " She thinks Zhangjiajie is "the most beautiful place inthe world, and I will always remember it."

(lobster flower) pay attention to the little flowers on the roadside. Thisis the famous lobster flower at home and abroad. It is a specialty of jinbianxi.When it blooms in autumn, the flowers are suspended by a green silk. When thewind blows, they swing left and right, just like a real lobster in the water.Whats more interesting is that when the flower seeds are ripe, as long as youtouch them and snap them, they will "jump" out of your hands. Therefore, manypeople want to collect flower seeds and spread them, but they are disappointed.Is the flower spiritual and unwilling to leave this fairyland?

(Guanyin Songzi) please look to the left. The small stone peak looks like aperson holding a child in his arms and looking ahead. The local people call it"Guanyin Songzi". It is said that long married infertile couples, as long assincerely make a wish here, it is possible to achieve. But whether it works ornot depends on ones own experience. Who among the tourists would like to have atry?

If you want to ask the landmark scenic spot of Zhangjiajie National ForestPark, the answer is ready-made: jinbianyan. As early as the middle of the QingDynasty, some scholars listed the peak forest and Baizhang gorge in Zhangjiajieas the "eight sceneries of Yongding". The first is called "dangerous gorgecrowing ape"; the second is called "layer rock Surge Tower": "Qingya mountain,20 miles west of the county, the first five mountains stand side by side, thelayer faces like a floating picture. Zhongyi peak is more precipitous. It is themost marvelous one, with the Han Dynasty in the sky "One of the peaks" hererefers to jinbianyan. Zhangjiajie is the second of the eight scenic spots. Itcan be seen that our ancestors have insight. The relative height of jinbianyanis more than 380 meters. It rises straight up into the sky. No matter you lookat it from a distance or from a side, its a long whip that pierces the sky! Thepeak on the left side of jinbianyan looks like a ferocious eagle, with its mouthhooked and eyes glaring, wings slightly spread, guarding Jinbian alertly all thetime. Its called "divine eagle protecting whip".

There are many beautiful legends about jinbianyan and shenyinghubian. Themost popular story is that Emperor Qinshihuang was caught in the "beauty trick"of lobster woman on his way to reclaim the sea, and the whip was replaced by afake one. From a scientific point of view, they are formed by weathering andcollapse after cutting rock layers with multiple sets of joints andfissures.

(drunk Luohan) now take a rest and listen to Tujia folk songs. Look at thisstone peak. The base has collapsed into a dome, and the upper part of themountain is at a overlooking angle. Its like a monk who is drunk and is aboutto collapse. So its called "drunk arhat". Have you noticed that this big stonecollapsed from the lower part of zuilohan peak on a summer night in 1983, whichconfirmed the formation of sandstone peak forest from one aspect.

(Huaguo Mountain, shuilian cave) here comes the water curtain cave ofHuaguo Mountain of Monkey King. Its not that Zhangjiajie people are too farfetched to put together the journey to the West. Its a coincidence that YangJie, the guide of the drama group of journey to the west, and the actors of TangSeng, Zhu Bajie, sun Houzi, Sha Seng, etc., once they see this place, they saywith certainty that the location is all over the country. Only Zhangjiajie isreally the world of immortals and demons in journey to the West. You lookforward along my direction. In front of you is the monk Tang with a hat, acassock, and a word in his mouth. The black stone peak immediately behind him isof course monk Sha. The powerful Monkey Sun squats on the back of the monk Tang,putting up a cool awning and observing the enemys situation; Wheres Zhu Bajie?Needless to say, hes either greedy for food and sleep, or hes secretlychatting up with a little girl. Hes a playboy.

There is a kind of "giant salamander" in Jinbian River, which is thelargest amphibian in the world and belongs to the second level nationalprotection animal. The giant salamander is only found in China, Japan and theUnited States. It is called "giant salamander" because it sounds like a childcrying. Sangzhi County in Zhangjiajie City is a famous "hometown of giantsalamanders". The state has invested more than 10 million yuan in theconstruction of giant salamander rescue center in Baofeng lake.

(nanmuping) this place is called nanmuping. The plants in ZhangjiajieForest Park are vertically distributed. In jinbianxi area, evergreen anddeciduous broad-leaved forests are mainly distributed, while Phoebe is the maintree species. There are 16 species of Phoebe in Zhangjiajie, such as Phoebe,Machilus lichuanensis, Phoebe rubra, Phoebe glabrata, Phoebe Hupi, Phoebevillosa, Phoebe macranthoides, Phoebe iridescens, Phoebe bambusoides and so on,especially Phoebe is the most precious. There is also a strange kind of Nanmu inZhangjiajie. One year, Liu Kailin, the director of the forest farm, felled aPhoebe and sawed it into a board to make a box. However, he found that therewere very strange patterns on the board: mountains, running water, grass,flowers, sun, moon, flying birds and running beasts. Some people say that thesepictographic patterns are formed by the long-term effect of the surroundingenvironment, so they call them "yinghuanan". As early as the Han Dynasty, nanmuin Zhangjiajie began to be conquered by the imperial court; it was designated asa tribute in the Ming Dynasty. During the Zhengde period of the Han Dynasty(1515-1520), the chieftain of Qin family in Maogang paid tribute to the imperialcourt for more than 400 big nanmu trees and built a palace destroyed by fire. Asa result, the chieftain king was promoted by the emperor and was granted by theQin family, which was known as the "Qin Royal School" in history.

Friends, 15 Li Jinbian river is almost finished. Wulingyuan is known as"three thousand peaks, eight hundred waters", "three thousand Cuiwei peaks,eight hundred glazed waters". And the water is represented by Jinbian River,which is known by the people as long drought and long rain. Moreover, the waterfrom jinbianxi doesnt need soap for bathing, shampoo or washing powder forwashing. Nancy, deputy governor of Colorado, said: if Golden Whip Creek sellsair, it is definitely an invaluable income!

Jinbian stream, together with Longwei stream, Tianzi stream and kuangdongstream, runs through four mountain gates in the southeast and northwest, andjointly supports a beautiful sandbar. The name of Shazhou is tianzizhou. It wasthe place where Wang jiantianzi kingdom was called to him. You see, there arethree stone peaks in the opposite row, and dozens of stone peaks standing allaround. They were called "signboard, pen holder, long live card, four generalrock" in ancient times. It is said that they were all left to the emperorWang.

It is said that Zhang Liang, the Marquis of the Han Dynasty, was buriedhere. Looking at the top left, it is said that the top of the mountain is thesite of Zhang Liangs ancient tomb. Long Bingwen, a ethnologist, wrote: "if yougo all over the green mountains to search for the ancients, you will find abeautiful city surrounded by four gates of water; if you go to the old earthenfort on xiangluyan, you will find Zhang Liangfen, the Marquis of the HanDynasty."

In May 1992, two officials sent by UNESCO to inspect the Jinbian River, Dr.sansel, who seldom spoke along the way, finally made a speech. He said: clearstream water, good vegetation, such a long section of no people, which is rarein Asia!

Water around the four doors radiates and connects with the scenic spots. Tothe right, you can take a bus to Zhangjiajie park or go down the mountain to thecity through longweicun; to the front, you can take a bus to Shili Gallery,Tianzishan cableway station, jundiping, Huanglongdong and Baofeng lake.

Dear tourists

Hello everyone! Welcome to Qufu, the Holy Land! Im Chen Kerun, your guide.Just call me Xiao Chen. Today, I will take you to visit the three famousConfucius: Confucius Mansion, Confucius Temple and Confucius forest. Confuciushas a famous saying: "is it a pleasure to have friends from afar?" I am veryhappy to be a tour guide. I will try my best to serve you well. If there are anyshortcomings, please point them out, and I will try my best to correct them!

The entrance to the Confucius Mansion can be divided into three roads: theEast Road has Yiguan hall, Musi hall, etc.; the west road is the place where theConfucius Mansion received distinguished guests and studied in those years,including Zhongshu hall, anhuatang, Huating hall, etc.; the middle road ismostly the main building of the Confucius Mansion, the first half of which isthe government office, and the second half is the inner house.

The Confucius Temple was originally the family temple of the Kong family.There are cypress trees planted by Confucius himself in the temple. The mainbuilding is Dacheng hall. In front of the hall are the famous Jiulong column andapricot altar. Later, because Confucius was respected, many feudal emperors camehere to worship him. Now, the annual "International Confucius Culture Festival"held by Jining Municipal government is also the prelude here.

Kong Lin is a special cemetery for Confucius family. It is also thelongest and largest family cemetery in the world, covering an area of more than3000 mu. There are hundreds of trees and more than 100000 trees in the forest.Among the trees, there are many steles and stone statues, which are veryspectacular!

Well, now we can start free activities for three hours. You can visitfreely, play games, shop and so on. However, we must ensure hygiene and notlitter.

This is the end of the visit to San Kong. Thank you for your support. Ilook forward to your coming again!

fellow friends:

hello! toured the dali old city, initially has feltthis humanities landscape profoundness; now we watch the cangshanerhai, understands the dalis america of scenery.

first, we ride the yacht to go to the erhai park. the erhai park othername group mountain park, is l ocated the hsiakuan city northeast 2kilometers place groups mountains. north it near ocean waves wan qingerhai, west and cangshan southend setting sun peak relative. whennanzhao country, here is kings deer park. in 1976 here newly wardedoff for the park, occupiesdi 1,600 chinese acres. on the mountain has thezoo and the plant nursery flower-bed, broadly plants the dali areaeach kind of precious flower different plant, is very good rests placeof the tour.

now the pleasure boat to the erhai park near the sea causeway, we cameashore to the ship, this is under the group foot of a hill binhai tourarea along 270 multistage stone steps ascendslevel on, we arrive the summit.everybody looked that, this curls upwardsangle upturned eave pavilion is looks thesea building, the eave hangs from above the plaque, submits a writtenstatement: jade er silver dark green ", the black bottom goldcharacter, vigorous is classically elegant, it is the chinese inadmiration of somebodys fame painter wu zuorens writing skill. looksthe sea building is understands "the jade er silver dark green"happiest extent, leans against a railing looks out into the distance:east side erhai vast, boundless, west cangshan is continuous,luxuriant is gray.

fellow friends, let us go on board once more, roams through to erhaiin. but i first must to everybody introduction be actually amcangshan. formerly, we in the dali city, under on the dark green footof a hill road, have not been able to look at carefully the cangshangrand appearance well. just like the ancient said "does not know thetruth about the matter, only reason body in this mountain"; looks thesea building in the erhai park, the angle of view inclines, also onlycan see the cangshan terminal. now, unceasingly leads the way alongwith the pleasure boat, in our eye cangshan is not clearer? somepeople said that, a hengduan pulse condition great arm, the tibetplateau extended west yunnan from "the roof of the world" to thesouth, cangshan was in this world famous sierra a cloud range branch.

cangshan, also names the diancang, is green because of its mountaincolor, the mountain apex acquires fame in vain. cangshan altogetherhas 19 peaks. this 19 peaks from the north to the south order are: thecloud makes, green, five, the lotus flower, the white clouds, thecrane cloud, three positive, the blue peak, the snowman, should behappy, the goddess of mercy, center and, longquan, the jade bureau,malone, the saint should, buddha go against, ma er, the setting sun.in 19 peaks, the malone peak is highest, elevation 4,122 meters. thecangshan 19 peaks, two peaks clamp a brook, altogether 18 brooks; eastthe mountain stream flows, pours into erhai, 18 brooks from north tosouth, the base arrangement is: south the rosy cloud moves, wan hua,the positive brook, the awn wells up, the brocade brook, the spiritspring, the white stone, the double mandarin duck, hides the immortal,mei xi, the peach brook, center the brook, the emerald, longxi, clearblue, remnant, pavilion mouth, is not positive.

the cangshan scenery by the snow, the cloud, springstone is famous. i firstintroduce cangshan to everybody the snow. after the summer needlesscangshan snow, is dali "the love affair" four given names scenery. thesnow white cangshan snow, all previous dynasties article literatiapproves the refined language quite a lot, the folklore also many. thethe ming dynasty writer li yuanyang once praised: "date li cangshansnow, precioustai 19 peaks".

cangshans cloud is the famous biography is far and wide. the cloudgathers the cloud to disperse, sometimes the pale like light smoke,sometimes is thick like splashes ink. in fluctuates varied center, what is most mysterious is "looks the husband cloud" and "thejade belt cloud". so-called "looks the husband cloud" is referswhenever the winter spring the season, the cangshan jade bureau peakregular meeting appears a lonely cloud, suddenly remembers suddenlyfalls, about flutters, if hoped if attends to. unusual occupying to anits appearance, the diancang then suddenly gets up the storm, blows toerhai. so-called "jade belt cloud", is refers whenever at the end ofthe summer fallinitially, after rainfirst clear, between the cangshan 19 peakshalfways up the mountainside often can appear white clouds, the cloudsgatherscollects, slowly pulls open, if the pure white jade belt horizontallyties the green mountainside. is continuous dozens of miles,unexpectedly the date does not dissipate. marvelous is, "the jade beltcloud" meets the omen agriculture abundant harvest: it appears thenumber of times to be many, same year on good crop weather. local painationality has the farmers proverb: "cangshan is the jade belt, thehungry dog eats the rice".

cangshans spring very is also famous. in 19 peaks the elevation hasmany mountains moraine lake in 3,800 meter above peak, this is thequaternary period glacier stays behind. also has that 18 brooks themountain stream, flies the waterfall to fold the spring, the fourseasons rushes down, in under clear sweet water seepage nourishing,cangshan fills the vitality. the moraine lakeside, the densely coveredvirgin forest and many precious forests, the strange flowers andplants, specially should tell everybody are, cangshans flowers andplants already fine reputation far broadcasts, moreover it also causescangshan to be famous far and wide. american professor luo lancasteronce said that, "has 1000000 in us to know the chinese yunnan the dalicangshan, because they all plant have many beautiful dali cangshan theindian azalea."

cangshans stone, renowned at home and abroad. guo moruo has "chantsmarble" the poem: "three towers are high ancient, along thinksloyalview year. the cangshan rhyme love affair, the wonderful stone spitsthe mist. outside the heart, coolly lives elbowarmpit. the day meritmanpower generation, the overseas compete the treasure biography."

cangshan has bred the marble, the marble is cangshans soul. this kindof magnificent wonderful stone, world many places all have, the alonedalis most wonderful america, also opens the people early, therefore,world every this wonderful stone is called "the marble", "dali" alsoraises the world because of shi erming.

fellow friends, our pleasure boat vanguard, now should introduce thisocean waves wan qing to everybody erhai itself.

erhai, ancient name kunming pond, er river, ye yu ze and so on;because it resembles the person ear, therefore erhai. its north andsouth long 42 kilometers, the thing extends 3-9 kilometer, the lakewaterfront long 117 kilometers, the area more than 250 squarekilometers; the hydraulic mean depth 10.5 meters, the deepest 21.5meters, the water-holding capacity 2.88 billion cubic meters, the areaand the water-holding capacity arrange in order the yunnan lakesecond, occupies seventh in the national fresh water lake.

south erhai has makes up the river and so on to pour into, westnatriumthe cangshan 18 mountain streams, east collect the polo river, dig thecolor river, the south side west er river are the only estuaries,after ripples red circles into lanchan river. erhai is the tectoniclake, the lake shore thing are many cliffwall, north southwest three arethe sandbars.

everybody looked, erhai water depth limpid, if the non- flaw beautifuljade, is beautiful incomparably, it is welcome each position by thebroad mind to come from the distant place guest. erhai is the chinafamous high land moor, as early as it has carried the annals in thehan dynasty.

"er sea month" is dali one of four given names scenery. if goes boatingerhai in the lunar calendar ten in may bright nights, its monthespecially bright, especially circle, its scenery elated: in thewater, the month circle like wheel, floats the light to swing thegold; the sky, the jade mirror high hangs, the clear splendor isshining, the bath leaves from erhai. looks that, looks, the water andsky shines, you unexpectedly cannot distinguish clearly are the daymonth fall the sea, or seamonth ascends to heaven. is er seamonth so whybright? the scientific conclusion is: first, erhai water qualityspecially pure, the transparency is quite high, its reflection greatlystrengthened; second, erhai sea level dust less, air fresh, causes thewater and sky to serve as contrast, the moonlight is brighter. inaddition, er seamonth is famous, but also lies in the pure white non-flaw the cangshan snow to produce an inverted image in erhai, seamonthenhances one anothers beauty with as pure as driven snow er, aconstitution silver dark green jade ers big marvelous sight.

with the cangshan snow, the er seamonth connected dali four given namesscenery also have guan hua, the hsiakuan wind. between erhai andcangshans dam, is a long shape silting alluviation plain. whennanzhao country, nearby two respectively builds a xiaocheng in thisstrip north and south, holds the important location, defends the kingsall safety. north name long shouguan, also called closes; southernregion name dragons tail pass, at once hsiakuan. on so-called closesthe flower, is refers closes "ten mile fragrant wonderful tree", thisflower originally shapings the street and shan sinei in on pass, itsflowered big like lotus, the year opens several hundred, the fragranceoverflows the four directions, the flower opens the season, the viewlike cloud. also therefore the tree ties the husk to be firm, may dofaces the bead, therefore the flower called "faces the pearl headornament". afterwards, this flower vanished. the first years, somepeople had it is said found it in the cangshan forest. west thehsiakuan wind refers to the er river valley to inject hsiakuan thewind, continues all year long, you takedong as is spring abundant, youas soon as enter hsiakuan to be allowed to feel the hsiakuan wind theexistence. it roars nearly every day, sweeps the street to put on thelane, holds up the bottom of garment uncovers the hat, caused hsiakuanobtained "the wind city" the nickname.

dalis love affair four given names scenery, has poem its string inthe same place, is advantageous for remembered, also quite has theappeal: the hsiakuan wind, on closes the flower, the hsiakuan windblows closes the flower; cangshan snow, er seamonth, er seamonth accordingto cangshan snow. speaks of here, asks each position to look our painationality girls embroider flowered baotou. you might not despise it,it have manifested the dali four given names scenery. please lookedthat, the breeze blows, nearby the ear snow white ear with the windfloatingly sprinkled, has appeared hsiakuans wind; in baotou gorgeousflowers, has represented the flower which on closes; the peak this is white silkhead, looked by far likes cangshan the snow; the entirebaotous shape same bright is moving on like erhais in crescent moon.

达里诺尔湖是内蒙古四大内陆湖之一。享有我国第三大天鹅湖的美誉。位于贡格尔草原西南部，距离克旗政府所在地经棚镇90公里。达里诺尔汉译“象大海一样宽阔美丽的湖”，古称“鱼儿泺”、“捕鱼儿湖”、“答尔海子”等。湖周长百余公里，呈海马状，湖周围草地缓升，百里际天，仅东南角地势下沉，曼陀山斜横而出，视为屏障。达里诺尔湖还有岗更诺尔和多伦诺尔湖两个姊妹湖，亮子河、贡格尔河、沙里河宛若引线一样将三个湖泊穿在一起，形成面积238平方公里的高原湖区，总储水量达16亿立方米，最大水深13米。湖面平静，宛如镜状;气团变生，使波翻浪涌。登上湖边砧子山观湖晨曦迎目，正赤如丹。云在水中，浪在天上;鱼跃鸥拍，飞花点点，金波光跃，诚为奇观，达里诺尔湖历来就以瑞丽的风光和富饶的物产闻名于世。正如清代诗人王枢所赞“中涵岛屿水平铺，绝妙禽鱼飞跃图，自古英雄勤远略，至今留保大日湖”。

漫长的春季沿着如蒙古长调一样的贡格尔河走来了，草原和湖泊都步入了童话般的季节，春夏之交牧草完全返绿，草原浸在奶香中。此时南方已是绿肥红瘦，莺歌燕舞，可达里诺尔湖依旧是银装素裹，千里冰封，湖面掠过的寒风吹着湖畔耐寒的小花。农历4月初8，强劲的东风吹开了湖面，封冻了半年之久的湖面訇然声中裂开无数隙缝，浮冰随着波涛上下起伏，一夜间，浮冰借着风力拥向北岸，在岸边堆砌成了高耸的冰山，形成了一个冰清玉洁、玲珑剔透的世界。伫立湖边，眼前是一湖波光荧荧的春水，身边是寒气袭人的冰山，而身后是无边的萋萋芳草，仿佛春、夏、冬三个季节在咫尺天涯内交汇，大自然为高原湖区制造了一道奇特的风景线。当地人传说：四月初八是龙王聚宴的日子，是水族兵将把冰块推上岸的。据了解，在中国北方诸多湖泊中，达里诺尔湖的这种自然景观是独一无二的。

夏秋季节是游览达里诺尔湖的黄金季节。也许轻风拂柳的南方使您感到那里的山山水水都带有女子的脂粉气，而达里诺尔湖却分明显现着海的气息，海的韵味，海的博动。那粗犷、豪迈、无拘无束洒脱自然，分明显示着海的特有气息。这里迷人的日出日落，每一寸土地甚至每一个波涛，都毫不忸捏地向你发出直率质朴的邀请和挽留，令你难以回绝。你可以在这里品味浓郁民族风情的美味佳肴，可以骑马、划船、垂钓或者投入到蔚蓝的湖中，洗去一身烦恼和疲倦。 达里诺尔湖区盛产鲫鱼和当地俗称华子鱼的瓦氏雅罗鱼。这些鱼都以肉鲜味美名誉四方。传说当年康熙大帝幸临草原，从达里诺尔湖捕鱼后，又在草原上采集了白蘑、山花椒一起烹制，鲜香美味使康熙帝胃口大开，并说吃了这里的鱼，朕便不想天下的鱼了。回到京城后，仍念念不忘，以后又多次派人来捕鱼，飞马送入京城。的确，华子鱼鳞细肉丰，煎、炖、炸、烹味道鲜美。从传说到品尝全鱼宴，人人都说味美，但为什么呢?达里诺尔湖水质是苏达型半碱水质，而这些鱼都是耐碱性鱼类，加之湖水含有其他的成份，使这些鱼在湖里生活就添加了佐料。

湘西土家苗寨蕴含着丰富的民间文化和民间艺术，土家族的摆手舞、起秋节、吊脚楼、西兰卡普，苗家的芦笙、木鼓舞驰名遐迩，久负盛名。土家刺绣、苗家蜡染堪称一绝。土家苗寨更是歌的海洋。人人会歌，无处不歌，歌山歌海，情溢山寨。有对歌、盘歌、山歌、蓐草锣鼓等，生动形象，音韵和谐，情真意挚，优美悦耳。闻之如品干饴、如沐春风。再来看看土家族苗族特有的吊脚楼，吊脚楼属于木结构，四周都有设计独特的楼角垂吊，刷桐油，省工省料，美观大方，成为湘西一景。

苗族服饰，绚丽多彩，富有浓郁的民放特色。古时，男女都是“色彩斑纹布”，上身穿花衣，着百褶裙，头发，包赫色头帕，穿船形双鼻绣花鞋，佩戴银饰。清代“改土归流”后，男子逐渐以裤代裙，裤管短而宽，穿土产花格子对襟衣。老年人裹黑布头巾，打绑腿、束腰带。妇女服装，胸前、袖口和裤筒，滚边绣花，过腰大而长，袖大而短，皆系满襟，没有衣领。衣服有琵琶襟、套襟、四角挖云、四叉式之分。但也有两臂皆白上衣，短马褂，下不著，长裙青红相间，自成文彩。亦有绣花卉者，上衣下裙以层数多者为美。

民国以来，土家男女一年四季都戴头巾，男人以青、蓝、白或条纹布为主，长二三米，一圈圈地缠绕在头上，包成人字路;女人则多为青丝帕或白印花头巾，丝帕薄如蝉翼，最长达七、八米，是妇女终生陪伴之物，死后必以帕缠头入葬。衣服以青、蓝、白、印花布为主，男穿对胸衣，双排七至十一扣，俗称蜈蚣扣，袖口、领口及裤管末端加花边;女人则右开襟，袖大而短，饰花边，拄银铜佩饰，俗称“满襟”，有满清遗风;未出阁少女着花衣，讲究大红大绿;小孩喜戴菩萨帽，虎头帽;男鞋多为青蓝布，女人穿绣鞋;姑娘出嫁时必穿“露水衣”，上着鲜 艳挑花绣衣，下着八幅罗裙，与土老司八幅罗裙有异曲同工之妙。

吊脚楼为湘西各族人民一种传统建筑形成，又称"吊楼子"。吊脚楼为山野式"楼阳台"，单檐悬挑，屋面反翘，名"飞檐"，通风向阳，干爽清新。有与正屋成一字形，也有成90℃直角形。吊脚楼外设走廊，二面称"转角楼"，三面称"走马楼"。栏杆多花格， 县柱称"吊瓜"或为六陵、八棱，或雕成球形、金瓜形。柱、防还雕有龙风、喜鹊、花卉等。民间吊脚楼上多为闺房，卧室或织锦、打花之处，底层为谷仓、柴房，也有底层下临溪流，泉水叮咚，别有情趣。山寨吊脚楼掩映在绿树翠竹中，富有大自然风光美。湘西州部分镇临河民居也建有吊脚楼，如吉首峒河街，凤凰沱江沿岸、王村古镇、茶洞边城及龙山洗车河等，历来都引起中外旅游者极大兴趣。

各位朋友：大家好!欢迎您们来塞上石林自然风景区观光旅游!塞上石林自然风景区坐落在乌拉特中旗辽阔的同和太草原上。这里地势平坦，绿草如茵，风光秀丽，伴生有马蔺、山丹花、针茅草等200余种野生植物，栖息着野鸡、野兔、石鸡等30多种野生动物。然而，同和太草原上最为神奇的当属我们脚下的这片石林。它东西长约4公里，南北宽约3公里，占地12平方公里，是由千千万万天然奇石组成的。石林有“三奇”，故被世人誉为“塞上奇石林”。

一奇:地理位置奇特。石林只应水乡有，草原难得见一回。而同和太石林坐落在辽阔草原上，它北依乌拉特中旗政治、经济、文化中心海流图镇，并直通中蒙边境甘其毛道口岸和中蒙184公里边境线;东与德岭山水库蒙古大营相接，南临阴山山脉和抗战圣地乌不浪口烈士陵园;西靠海——五公路，黑色路面连通110国道和京包、包兰铁路线，交通十分便利。二奇:自然景观奇特。石林中的石头纯属天然形成，形态各异，栩栩如生，酷似各种动物，简直就是一座“石头动物园”。

每块石头随着光线的变化和观赏的角度不同，形态也各不相同。它还是《文成公主》、《白马飞飞》、《铁骑》等影视剧的外景拍摄地。三奇:形成过程奇特。据初步推断，这片石林大约形成于第二冰川期，距今已有二亿多年的历史了，详细的形成过程还有待于进一步考证。民间传说，这片石林的总体形状很像天上的银河，是远古时代女娲补天时五彩石跌落而成，从而赋予了石林神奇的色彩。当我们看到这片石林时，会很容易地想到云南的石林。

坐落在草原上的这片石林虽然没有云南石林那样秀美，但它却有北国独有的辽阔、苍茫和壮美，这是云南石林所不可比拟的。而更为神奇的是这些成千上万的石头，形态各异，各具特色。有的像静卧的大象，有的像站立的兔子，有的像爬行的乌龟，有的像欲奔的青蛙，有的像张开的佛手，形象惟妙惟肖，并且在早、午、晚随着光线的变化和角度的不同，形态各不相同。每一块石头到底像什么，下面就请各位展开丰富的想象，去仔细地观赏品评吧!

莫力庙水库沙湖旅游区位于通辽市区西南四十五公里处。这里水草丰美，鱼羊肥壮，风光秀丽，鸟语花香，被誉为“通辽西湖”、“沙海明珠”。目前，莫力庙沙湖旅游区不仅以亚洲最大的沙漠水库，世界最长的人工沙坝而著称，而且还以莫力庙、八柳坪、碧莲池、响水桥、龟池岛、南洋半岛、燕窝群岛、北冰洋水上餐厅等沙湖八景，蒙古包群和全鱼宴席等地方特色来吸引游客。

莫力庙水库沙湖旅游区设有餐饮、住宿、游船、垂钓区、商贸街等旅游设施，还有有万人浴场和湖弯沙滩供游人水浴沙浴。阳光、沙滩、清澈的库水，湛蓝的天空，莫力庙水库波光潋滟，是观光游览，消夏避暑的好去处。

莫力庙沙湖旅游区不仅以亚洲最大的具有海滨特点的沙漠水库和世界最长的人工沙坝著称，还以其神奇的传说、宜人的景色、浓郁的民族风情吸引着八方游客。旅游区的莫力殿、八柳坪、碧莲池、响水桥、龟池岛、南洋半岛、燕窝群岛、莫力塔拉等沙湖八景韵味独特，令人心旷神怡。自产名贵鱼种大银鱼、甲鱼、河蟹等均为品质优良的天然绿色美味。

嗨,大家好!我是你们的导游姓周,名思齐,各位就叫我小齐吧。今天我们要去的地方就是那奇峰险峻,云雾环绕的江郎山,大家一定很期待吧,让我们出发喽!

我们现在来到了江郎山下,江郎山位于浙江省江山市城南25公里的江郎乡。传说,有三个姓江的兄弟登上山变成了三块巨石,这三块巨石拔地冲天而起,有360多米高,从北到南呈“川”字形排列。依次为:郎峰,亚峰,灵峰。江郎山不仅聚岩洞,云。瀑于一山,集奇,险,陡,峻于三石,雄伟壮丽,值得让人一观。今年8月作为“中国丹霞”的系列提名地之一列入世界自然遗产名录。

登上半山腰,绕过一条小沟,就来到了须女湖。湖水清澈见底,你看成群的小鱼虾们正游得欢呢。走过须女湖,就到了十八曲。弯弯曲曲的山路,真让人看花了眼。你仔细数数,是不是有十八个弯?哈哈,数不清吧,虽说只有十八个弯,可看起来就像有几十个弯。出了十八曲,我们就要去进攻山顶了,大家有信心吗?

“噔噔”我们到山顶了!拍张照片做纪念吧,来,看镜头,“茄子!”

这次的施行结束了,如果大家对这次旅途有什么不满意的,请及时指正。最后,祝您一路顺风,旅途愉快,再见!

远方的朋友大家好，欢迎大家来到辽阔美丽的呼伦贝尔大草原，辽阔的草原哺育着热情好客的民族，我代表草原人民，代表呼伦贝尔市全景旅行社的全体员工欢迎各位的到来。

首先请允许我做一下自我介绍，我是呼伦贝尔市全景旅行社的导游员，大家可以叫我X导或者小X，这位是我们的司机师傅，此次旅行将由X师傅为我们保驾护航，我们很高兴为大家服务，希望能与大家共同度过一次愉快的旅程。 机场景观大道

现在我们离开的是呼伦贝尔东山机场，1932年，日本关东军在这里修建并且试机成功，它是国家1级4D级机场，位于海拉尔区东山，距离市区约3.8公里，20xx年正式更名为呼伦贝尔海拉尔机场，现在已经开通了50多条航线。前面我们看到的雕塑就是生长在呼伦贝尔大草原上的成吉思汗一生之中最重要的两个女人，坐着的是他的母亲克额仑;站着的是他的大妃孛儿帖;现在我们走的这条路是被誉为城市名片之路的机场景观大道，景观大道公路全长4.025公里，路边的马头琴、勒勒车、长调、呼麦等雕塑构成了民族风情，提高了呼伦贝尔的城市品位和层次;群雕象征着和谐、欢迎、腾飞、展示了草原上流传千百年的动人传说;苏鲁锭雕塑象征着草原兴旺，事业腾飞。由3个酥油灯雕塑组成的群雕代表着草原人民无限的关怀和祈祷;兄弟会雕塑再现了哈萨尔王兄在草原上相会的情景，也将成为我们这里一道美丽的风景线。

现在请大家往我们车行的前方看，我们现在能看到的这座小城，就是海拉尔。可能有的团友会问这样的问题，我们是到呼伦贝尔旅游怎么就到了海拉尔呢?这我就有必要和大家解释一下了。呼伦贝尔是一个地级市，海拉尔是一个县级市，其实海拉尔只是呼伦贝尔的一部分，它是呼伦贝尔的中心城市，就像北京是中国的首都一样，海拉尔也是呼伦贝尔的首府城区，它是呼伦贝尔市的政治经济文化中心。如果说海拉尔是呼伦贝尔的一个统称，那么呼伦贝尔草原就是以海拉尔草原为中心的;海拉尔区于清雍正十二年也就是1734年建成，已有270多年的历史，当时称“呼伦贝尔城”。海拉尔区总面积1440平方公里，

全区有28个民族，总人口达26万人。素有“草原之都”的美誉。

我们现在旅游车所在地就是海拉尔的胜利大街。现在请大家往我们车窗的左侧看，我们现在看到的这条路是学府路，顾名思义，在这条路上坐落着一所国家二类本科院校-呼伦贝尔学院。

成吉思汗广场、市人民医院

那么请大家往车窗的左前方和右前方看，右前方呢，是呼伦贝尔市七个旗五个市一个区共同打造的呼伦贝尔市人民医院，那到底是哪七个旗五个市一个区，一会儿我将为大家慢慢道来。现在大家向车窗的左侧看，我们现在看到的广场就是以千年伟人成吉思汗命名的成吉思汗广场，这座广场是至今为止呼伦贝尔市境内最大的广场，也是海拉尔区的标志性建筑之一;有人说广场就是城市的“眼睛”、是城市的“客厅”，那么成吉思汗广场就是我们呼伦贝尔最大的会客厅，广场总面积25.5公顷，前面看到的主题雕塑是千年伟人成吉思汗上马出征的图景，他的方向正对额尔古纳，那为什么要对着额尔古纳那?因为额尔古纳是蒙古人的发源地，它象征着望故乡。

海拉尔市政府

大家现在看到的位于我们车窗右侧红瓦绿墙、古色古香的建筑就是我们呼伦贝尔最早的市政府，它修建于1945年，是按照蒙古国首都乌兰巴托的王爷庙建成的，也是我们呼伦贝尔最古老的建筑之一。

中央桥、伊敏河

我们现在踏上的这座桥就是海拉尔的中央桥，也是海拉尔的景观之一，它于1942~1944年修建，当时称兴安桥，桥长323.9米、宽7米，为钢筋盘混凝土桥。桥的东西两端建设了欧式钟楼。海拉尔三面环山一水中流，三山分别是东山、西山和北山，而这“一水中流”就是我们脚下的这条伊敏河，伊敏河是海拉尔河最大的一级支流，鄂温克语意为“可饮用的水”。全长359公里，这条河是蒙古人的生命河，在桥的东西两侧分别为河东、河西，河东就是我们旅游车刚刚行驶的那条街，它是海拉尔的市政府中心，河西是商业中心。也就是我们即将要到达的街区，同时，河西是海拉尔区人民最大的购物广场。

商业区

前方下了中央桥我们就进入了河西区，我们可以看到那些密密麻麻的店铺，大家看在车窗的右前方那座高大的建筑，就是海拉尔的本土品牌，友谊商厦，它完全是按照一种现代化的购物中心来设计的。外观宏伟、装潢考究，内部设施齐备，购物环境优雅、舒畅;它已有三十多个分店，可以说是与我们海拉尔人的出行、购物密不可分的。

这里就到了海拉尔的商业中心地带，也就是海拉尔的三角地，这里是繁华的商业区和购物中心，他的意义远超过一条普通街道的内涵，它的美观与否，直接关系到海拉尔这座城市的整体形象。改建后的三角地中心地带，就像一座街心花园;我们可以看到翠绿的草坪、牛拉勒勒车雕塑和数十个街灯组成了三角地街心整体布局，这样的图景展现了牧民们的生活方式。

刚才跟大家提到了呼伦贝尔的七个旗五个市一个区，那么现在我就为大家讲一下具体都是哪些;呼伦贝尔自20xx年撤盟立市改为呼伦贝尔市，现在是全国最大的地级市，总面积25.3万平方公里，而这25.3万平方公里的土地上孕育了将近300万的人口，一个区就是我们现在旅游车的所在地海拉尔区。五个市分别是满洲里市、牙克石市、扎兰屯市、额尔古纳市、根河市。七个旗则是阿荣旗、莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗、鄂温克族自治旗、鄂伦春自治旗、新巴尔虎左旗、新巴尔虎右旗和陈巴尔虎旗。呼伦贝尔市就是由这13个旗市区共同组建的。而我们行程的这几天将要穿越这25.3万平方公里的部分土地，现在呢，请大家看我们车窗外两侧的建筑，海拉尔的建筑是比较具有民族特点的，在内蒙古自治区六十周年大庆的时候，呼伦贝尔市政府对海拉尔城区的房屋进行了修建，而这一做法被当年人称为“穿衣戴帽”工程。海拉尔不仅有传统的平房和高大的楼房，还有俄罗斯风格的木刻楞房，一些楼顶有蒙古包式和俄罗斯式的建筑，为这座城市增添了草原气息和俄罗斯异国情调。

苏联红军烈士陵园

大家看车窗左侧，这里就是苏联红军烈士陵园， 它的前身是海拉尔公园，是为了纪念在解放战役中牺牲的苏联红军烈士，里面有红军烈士纪念塔。苏联

红军烈士纪念塔总高为16.25米，塔身为八棱型，顶端有一颗金星，正面用俄文刻着“为苏联的荣誉和胜利在战斗中牺牲的英雄们永垂不朽”。塔基南北两侧刻有27名阵亡官兵的姓名、军衔和出生年月。

客运站

现在位于我们汽车左侧的就是我们海拉尔区的客运站，那有的游客肯定就在想，客运站哪个城市没有?没有什么重要的;在这里我就不得不跟大家说一下了，我们刚刚说的呼伦贝尔包括的十三个旗市区中还有很多苏牧、嘎查这样的小地方，就相当于我们平时说的乡、镇，包括旗市之间，这样的地方生活着很多勤劳朴实的牧民，而由于环境等多方面的因素，这些地方是不通火车的，所以说客运是我们呼伦贝尔地区最主要的交通方式之一，大家刚刚也看到了，每天这里都会聚集成百上千的人来等待客运。

立交桥

前面我们看到的就是当地著名的立交桥，它位于市区的北部，横跨滨州铁路，螺旋展线的造型简洁明快。 现在请大家往我们的车窗的右侧看，大家猜一下我们看到的这个绿色的管道是什么?如果猜对了 我会给大家一些小奖励，品尝一下海拉尔的大雪糕。(议论出结果中)。好了 刚刚听到了很多答案，有的说是煤气管道，有的说是石油管道，而我们坐在坐位上的那位先生/女士，答对了。它是输送暖气的。而我们现在车行右侧看到的这个建筑呢就是海拉尔的热电厂。这个热电厂对于呼伦贝尔来说起到了一个至关重要的作用，呼伦贝尔属寒温带和中温带大陆性季风气候，其特点是：冬季寒冷漫长，夏季温良短促，春季干燥风大，秋季气温聚降。霜冻早，可以说我们呼伦贝尔的供暖期长达8个月之久。呼伦贝尔冬天特别的寒冷，最冷的时候能达到零下四十二度左右，根河市能达到零下五十度左右。而现在呢很多人都在说，热电厂建的位置离城区这么近到底合不合理，主要还是污染问题，但是呼伦贝尔市政府对环保这一块做的还是比较好的。

世界反法西斯战争海拉尔纪念园

现在请大家往我们车窗的左前方看，我们看到的这个就是海拉尔的北山，北山上有一个世界反法西斯纪念园，当年呢，日本人在这里发动了侵华战争，我们看到北山上有很多的树，这些树就是当年日本人栽种的，可能有的团友就会想到日本人终于在中国做了一件好事，如果这么想就大错特错了。日本人当年在北山的地下建立了日伪工事，它是日本关东军17处要塞中规模最大、军事设备保存最完整的要塞。北山的树木可以为他们所建的工事做一个掩护，因为当时这场战争可以说是一个国际性质的战争，其中有中国、蒙古国、苏联 联合抗击日本侵略者，当我们的空军在北山飞行时由于树木做掩护很难发现日本人的军事所在地。当年日本人在北山修建日伪工事是有原因的;海拉尔这个城市在军事上来讲是属于易守难攻的城市，海拉尔是三山环山一水中流，三山就是我们飞机场的所在地东山、我们看到的北山还有一个是西山，一水就是我们刚刚桥下看到的伊敏河。现在我们的旅游车已经行驶到海北一桥，海北一桥流淌的就是伊敏河，伊敏河从海拉尔的城区缓缓流过汇入前方不远处的海拉尔河。那么现在我们的旅游车马上就要行驶到海北二桥了，这里是伊敏河与海拉尔河的交汇处。大家可以看到的桥下流淌的这条河流，这条河流就是海拉尔河，那么这一路上我不只一次的和大家提到过海拉尔，海拉尔具体是什么意思呢?请大家看这条河，海拉尔的名称就是因这条河而得名，当时在这条河的两岸长满了野韭菜。而野韭菜的蒙语“哈里亚尔”意为汉语很像海拉尔，而蒙古族有以动植物的名称给山川河流命名的习俗，所以就把这条河称为海拉尔河。那么在清朝末年东清铁路修建到海拉尔的时候建立了铁路，有了铁路就一定要有一个火车站、火车站建立了之后、就要有一个名字，所以当时蒙古族就以海拉尔河的名字给这个火车站命名。当时，这个城市叫做“呼伦贝尔城”，那么随着火车站的建立，客流量越来越大，很多山西、河北的商人来此做贸易，海拉尔的火车站就越来越出名，逐渐替代了它原来的名字“呼仑贝尔城”。而蒙古族也有以山川河流的名称给城市命名的习俗，所以就把这座小城叫做海拉尔，海拉尔的名字也就是这么来的。

Good morning, dear friends. My name is __X. Im your tour guide. If youhave any difficulties or problems during your trip, please ask director Wang.You are welcome. I will try my best to help you. I wish my friends have a goodtime in Tiantangzhai, sleep well and eat well!

Friends, do you feel it? We are in a huge forest park. It is a forest parkfull of desolation. There are luxuriant trees in the four fields, fragrantmountain flowers, white clouds floating in the blue sky and silver flowing inthe valley. Apart from the occasional birdsong, there is a silence. Please takea deep breath! Sweet, it will make you feel refreshed; please drink green springwater, it will make your eyes clear and refreshing. This is the enjoyment ofreturning to nature. This is the pleasure of returning to nature.

Tiantangzhai National Forest Park is the last primeval forest in EastChina, located in the southwest corner of Jinzhai County, Anhui Province,adjacent to Luotian County and Yingshan County, Hubei Province. The total areaof Tiantangzhai Forest Park is 120 square kilometers. There are 15 kilometers ofpeaks in Tiantangzhai. The main peak of Tiantangzhai is 1729.13 meters above sealevel. It was called "the first pass in the southeast of Wu and Chu" in ancienttimes. There were countless wars here, the most famous of which was the "redscarf army" uprising led by Xu Shouhui in the early Ming Dynasty, which made therulers of the Yuan Dynasty scared. In modern times, Liu Dengs army marchedthousands of miles into the Dabie Mountains in 1947, which opened the prelude ofthe strategy. Dim the light and shadow of the sword, far away from the drumclang. Todays Tiantangzhai has become a National Forest Park and a famoustourist attraction.

The forest landscape varies from season to season. Flowers are blooming inspring, green in summer solstice, forest in autumn and snow in winter.Tiantangzhai is located in the hinterland of the Dabie Mountains. It is locatedin the mountainous area. It has no advantage of large market distribution centerand industrial development, but it has extremely rich natural resources.Tiantangzhai, a magnificent and vast Tiantangzhai, has formed a beautiful andunparalleled natural landscape because of its abundant clouds, heavy fog, highmountains, dense trees and green water. It is known as a famous ecologicalmountain, a famous resource mountain, a famous cultural mountain and a treasuremountain of medicinal herbs. Its forest coverage rate is as high as 96.5%,ranking first among all scenic spots in China, and is the last virgin forest inEast China.

In the past extensive economic environment, the traffic was not smooth, sothe local people had to rely on the mountains to make a living. Now, with theprotection of forest resources, the concept of local people has also changedunder the influence of "red tourism" advocated by the state. They are also"relying on mountains to eat mountains". But now they are making great effortsto protect the green mountains and waters, to explore the tourism market, and torely on tourism to drive local development.

In the nature reserve, the peaks, rocks, trees, flowers and sea of cloudsform an interesting contrast and the scenery is pleasant. Walking intoTiantangzhai is like walking into a charming picture. Under the verdant pines,beside the stream, and in the misty rain, people feel "misty mountains, mistywater, misty sky, misty earth, misty moon, and misty birds". It really means "Itravel in the mountains, better than being an immortal".

Tiantangzhai is the hometown of the "Red Army". It once dedicated countlessbrave soldiers and many generals to the liberation of the Chinese nation and theChinese people. It has the reputation of "Jiangjun county". The Mashi primaryschool in Tiantangzhai was built in the early 1970s. Because it is located onthe hillside with an altitude of more than 1000 meters, it suffered frommountain torrents many times and was destroyed several times. But the mountainpeople still do not want to give up, tenaciously preserved only a few damagedschool buildings. After the 1990s, the outside world found her almost deserted.While visiting revolutionary relics and enjoying the magnificent scenery, groupsof people have brought their love into them, making them "Hope Primary School".At present, Mashi primary school has four teachers and 43 students. We welcomethose who intend to subsidize hope primary school and offer their love. We willvolunteer to provide help for similar activities.

Dear friends

Hello everyone! After visiting the ancient city of Dali, we have apreliminary experience of the profound cultural landscape here. Now we go toenjoy Cangshan and Erhai Lake and enjoy the beauty of Dalis landscape.

First of all, we go to Erhai Park by yacht. Erhai Park, also known asTuanshan Park, is located in Tuanshan, 2km northeast of Xiaguan city. It facesErhai Lake in the north and Xieyang peak in the south of Cangshan Mountain inthe West. During the Nanzhao Kingdom, this was the kings deer garden. In 1976,it was newly established as a park, covering an area of more than 1600 mu. Thereare zoos and nursery flower beds on the mountain, and all kinds of famousflowers in Dali area are widely planted. It is a good place to rest andvisit.

Now the boat has arrived at the long seawall of Erhai Park. We leave theboat and go ashore. This is the coastal tourist area at the foot of Tuanshan. Weclimb up 270 stone steps and reach the top of the mountain. You can see that thepavilion with the cornice is Wanghai tower. Under the eaves, there is a plaque,which reads "yuer yincang", with gold characters on the black background,vigorous and elegant. It is the work of Wu Zuoren, a famous Chinese painter.Wanghai tower is a wonderful place to appreciate the "silver Cang of yuer". Youcan see the vast Erhai Lake in the East and the vast expanse of green water inthe West.

Dear friends, lets board the boat again and travel in Erhai Lake. Butfirst I want to introduce Cangshan. Previously, we were in Dali City, on theroad at the foot of Cangshan Mountain, and we didnt have a good view ofCangshan Mountain. Just as the ancients said, "I dont know the true face ofLushan Mountain, only because I am in the mountain"; in the Wanghai tower ofErhai Park, I can only see the end of Cangshan Mountain from a slantingperspective. Now, with the cruise going on, is Cangshan more real in our eyes?Some people say that Hengduan Mountain is like a giant arm, stretching southwardfrom Tibet Plateau, the "roof of the world", to Western Yunnan. Cangshan is abranch of Yunling, one of the worlds famous mountains.

Cangshan Mountain, also known as Diancangshan mountain, is named because ofits green color and white top. There are 19 peaks in Cangshan. The order of the19 peaks from north to south is yunnong, Canglang, Wutai, Lianhua, Baiyun,Heyun, Sanyang, Lanfeng, snowman, yingle, Guanyin, Zhonghe, Longquan, Yuju,Malong, Shengying, Fuding, Maer and Xieyang. Among the 19 peaks, Malong peak isthe highest, with an altitude of 4122 meters. There are 19 peaks in CangshanMountain, two peaks with a stream, a total of 18 streams; the stream flowseastward and flows into Erhai Lake, and the 18 streams are arranged from northto South: Xiayi, Wanhua, Yangxi, mangyong, Jinxi, Lingquan, Baishi, Shuangyuan,Yinxian, Meixi, Taoxi, Zhongxi, Lvyu, Longxi, Qingbi, mocan, tingpeng andYangnan.

Cangshan Mountain is famous for its snow, cloud, spring and stone. Let mefirst introduce the snow in Cangshan. Cangshan snow is the most famous sceneryin Dali. The snow covered Cangshan Mountain is full of praise from the literatiand the Mohists in the past dynasties, as well as folklore. Li Yuanyang, alitterateur of Ming Dynasty, once praised: "RI Li, Cangshan snow, Yaotai 19peaks".

Cangshans clouds are even more famous. Clouds gather and disperse,sometimes as light as smoke, sometimes as thick as ink. Among the changeableclouds, the most magical are "Wangfu cloud" and "Yudai cloud". The so-called"Wangfu cloud" means that every winter and spring, a lonely cloud often appearson the top of Cangshan Yuju peak, which is full of ambition, fluttering up anddown, looking forward and looking forward. The strange thing is that as soon asit appears, there will be a storm in Diancangshan, blowing towards Erhai Lake.The so-called "jade belt cloud" refers to that every time in the late summer andearly autumn, when it is sunny after rain, white clouds often appear in themid-19th peak of Cangshan Mountain. The clouds gather and slowly pull apart,just like a white jade belt across the green hillside. It stretches for tens ofmiles, but it never dissipates. Whats wonderful is that "jade belt cloud" canforetell a good harvest in agriculture: it appears many times, and it was ingood weather that year. The local Bai people have a farming proverb: "Cangshanis a jade belt, hungry dogs eat white rice.".

Cangshan spring is also very famous. There are many glacial moraines andlakes at the top of the 19th peak, which is more than 3800 meters above sealevel. These are left by Quaternary glaciers. There are also the streams of theeighteen streams, waterfalls and springs, which flow all the year round.Nourished by the pure and sweet spring water, Cangshan is full of vitality. Onthe Bank of the moraine lake, there are many primeval forests, many rare treesand exotic flowers. In particular, we should tell you that Cangshans flowershave long been famous, and it also makes Cangshan famous all over the world.American professor Luo Lancaster once said: "more than one million people in theUnited States know about Cangshan Mountain in Dali, Yunnan, China, because theyall grow many beautiful azaleas from Cangshan Mountain in Dali."

Cangshans stone is famous at home and abroad. Guo Moruo wrote a poem onmarble: "the three pagodas are high and ancient, thinking about Zhenguan year.Cangshan rhymes with wind and moon, and strange stones spit clouds and smoke.Phase in the heart, cool elbow armpit. Tiangong is the representative of humanresources, and overseas competition is precious. "

Cangshan breeds marble, which is the soul of Cangshan. This kind ofmagnificent stone is found in many parts of the world. Dudali is the mostbeautiful one, and it was founded early. Therefore, all these stones are called"marble" all over the world, and "Dali" is also famous for its stones.

欢迎大家来到这里，下面我来为大家介绍一下!

位于呼伦贝尔市陈巴尔虎旗草原中心地带的呼和诺尔的湖畔，距海拉尔市61公里。呼和诺尔草原是呼伦贝尔大草原的代表。坦荡无垠的草原环抱着波光潋滟的呼和诺尔湖。草原绿茵如毯，鲜花烂漫，蒙古包点点，犹如绿海中的白帆。

旅游点上的活动项目丰富多彩。游客可以穿上蒙古袍，骑着骏马奔驰;也可以骑着双峰驼漫步或乘坐原始的勒勒车漫游。还可划着小船在呼和诺尔湖中垂钓，或背着猎枪到附近的林中草地狩猎。

从海拉尔乘车沿301国道北行，在茫无边际的草海里，迎着车窗外扑鼻的花香和悦耳的鸟鸣，视野里满目碧绿，愈走愈会感到绿的色彩愈重，远山绿得滴翠。车过陈巴尔虎旗旗府巴彦库仁镇10公里，一个明镜般的湖泊便闯进了你的眼帘，这就是呼和诺尔湖。在湖西岸的山岗上，有一座由蒙古包型高大建筑为主组成的蒙古包群，如同圣洁的白莲花开放在绿野上，这便是接待中外游客的呼和诺尔旅游点，也是近年呼和诺尔草原旅游节和那达慕的会场所在。

"呼和诺尔"，蒙古语意为"青色的湖"。莫尔格勒河从东北弯弯曲曲地来注入此湖，湖水又南流注入海拉尔河，面积12平方公里。湖面碧波荡漾，野鸭成群，大雁结队，雌雄相伴，游水嬉戏。牛群悠闲甩尾，骆驼昂首徜徉;蒙古百灵在空中自由飞翔，婉转歌唱，憨态可拘的旱獭在洞口吱叫不止。一座座蒙古包前风力发电机的风车在飞速地旋转着，唱着一支欢快的歌。一根根电视天线直指蓝天，彩色电视给牧人们带来了文化知识和欢乐。所有这一切给古老的草原增添了新的生机和色彩。

旅游点上砖木结构的蒙古包型多功能大厅建筑面积520余平方米，高20余米，大厅宽敞明亮，正对厅门处摆放成吉思汗画像，四壁镶嵌着成吉思汗版画组合系列。大厅和蒙古包可容纳600人同时就餐，还可以举办舞会、小型音乐会。大厅两侧设有24个蒙古包。蒙古包以4根色彩艳丽、金壁辉煌的蟠龙立柱支护，宽敞明亮，显得高贵、宏敞，气度不凡;壁毯壁画制作精美，图案古朴，色彩明快。牛、马、羊、骆驼栩栩如生，家具、茶具极富民族特色。在这里可以吃到草原风味"全羊宴"--手把肉、炒羊肉、爆羊肚、烤羊腿、烤羊肉串、炒心肝肺、炸肉丸、溜羊尾、羊肉汤等，还可以吃到用湖水清煮、;汤白似乳、香味扑鼻的鲫鱼汤。

这里还备有供游客乘骑的马匹、骆驼和乘坐的勒勒车、米力干车等。穿着蒙古袍，以蓝天白云、草原银湖为背景，拍一张骑骆驼或策马驰骋的照片，将会给游客留下美好的回忆。在这里既可以参加口径枪有奖射击比赛，还可以狩猎野鸭。游客既可在湖边垂钓、乘游船在湖中摇橹搬桨，也可以观看赛马、蒙古式摔跤、乌兰牧骑演出。参加草原篝火联欢晚会最富有诗情画意，游客可以尽情唱歌跳舞。在小卖店，还可以买到各种具有民族特色的旅游纪念品。在这里享受大自然赐予的阳光和空气，花香和鸟语，体验比较原始的游牧生产方式，一定会使游客领略和感受到繁华的都市从未有过的情趣。

Dear tourists

hello everyone.

Now we come to the Bund by the Huangpu River in Shanghai. First of all, Iwould like to welcome you to visit the Bund and wish you a pleasant trip.

There are five tourist routes in the new Bund. On your left hand side arethe magnificent buildings and spacious Zhongshan Road known as the "WorldArchitecture Expo". On your right hand side are the sparkling Huangpu River andPudong Lujia financial and trade zone with bright future. In front of you is anew and unique sightseeing area. The buildings, Zhongshan Road, sightseeingarea, Huangpu River and Lujiazui are like the staff in the music score, whilethe industrious Shanghai people are like strings of inter symbol, forming thelatest and most beautiful movement. Welcome to all the guests.

After the first war in 1840, the locked door was opened by the colonists,and Shanghai was forced to become a commercial port. Since then, all kinds ofwestern style buildings have sprung up with the colonists "seizing the beach".By the early 1930s, Shanghai had leapt from a coastal town to the largest cityin the Far East.

Although these buildings with European Renaissance style are not designedby the same designer or built in the same era, their architectural style is soharmonious and unified that it seems to be natural. From the the Bund road tothe outer white road bridge, the length of the arc is only 1.5 kilometers, androw upon row of 52 buildings of different styles, including English, French,ancient Greek, etc. At that time, many foreign banks, associations andconsulates gathered here, known as "Wall Street" in the East, forming ahistorical miniature of the semi colonial and semi feudal society in oldShanghai.

Please see, Dongfeng Hotel No.2 on the new Bund used to be a very famousBritish club. It is a typical British classical building. The building is 6stories high (including basement). There is a pavilion at the north and southends of the roof. The interior decoration is very gorgeous. The first floor barused to be proud of its 110.7-foot bar, which is the longest in the East. NowKFC is located in the bar.

Before the new Bund 12, it was the famous "HSBC Bank". The building wasbuilt in 1923, which is an antique Greek style dome building. The building is arectangular building close to square, with five stories high and a halfspherical top layer. There are seven stories at the top of the building and asteel frame structure. The interior of the building is decorated with variousreception rooms in the United States, Britain, France, Russia and Japan. Thisbuilding was once regarded by the British as one of the most exquisite buildingsfrom the Suez Canal to the Bering Strait in the Far East.

The building next to HSBC is the Shanghai customs building, a 19th-centuryretro building, built in 1927, which is rare in the world today. The clock onthe top of the building can be seen all around. It plays a short tune every 15minutes. The sound of the bell is melodious and deep, with a sound of 10 Li.

After Wilson, the British designer, the HSBC building and the customsbuilding are affectionately called "sister buildings" in Shanghai, and they arestill one of the important symbols of Shanghai.

The two buildings at the entrance of Nanjing East Road are called peacehotel. The south facing building was built in 1906. It was called Huizhong hotelat that time. It is the earliest existing hotel in Shanghai. It can be used as ahistorical building, belonging to the Renaissance of British culture. Thebiggest feature of the building is that the facade is made of red brick withwaist line and white wall brick with veneer. From a distance, it looks solemnand elegant with unique style, which is a rare masterpiece.

These buildings on the Bund are the crystallization of the industriouswisdom of the Chinese working people, and also reflect the plunder and invasionof Shanghai by the western colonists. Nowadays, in order to let people know thehistory of these buildings, the Chinese and English nameplates are hung in frontof each building.

As for the Bund, the name given to her by Shanghai people has changed withthe passage of time. Shanghai people call the Bund before liberation the oldBund and after liberation the Bund. Now people praise it as the new Bund. Therehave been scenes of seizing the Bund many times in history, but each time has acompletely different historical significance. Since the Third Plenary Session ofthe Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the strategicfocus of Chinas reform and opening up has also changed from south to north. Thedevelopment and revitalization of Pudong has brought Shanghai to the forefrontof Chinas reform and opening up. The spring breeze has awakened Shanghai Bund,which has been sleeping for many years. Chinese and foreign financialinstitutions have also seized the Bund. Shanghai has made a major move to "clearthe nest and attract Phoenix", replacing the Bund Financial Street houses,attracting "old customers" from home and abroad to settle down again, showingthe style of "Wall Street" in the Far East.

The Bund is a symbol of Shanghai and a must for Chinese and foreigntourists. But in the past, because of the narrow road and the crowded traffic,the overall image of the Bund was seriously affected. In order to change theappearance of the Bund, the Shanghai Peoples government takes the Bund as a keypoint to transform. The road in front of us is called Zhongshan Road. It isnamed in memory of Dr. Sun Yat Sen, the pioneer of Chinas democraticrevolution. It is also part of the comprehensive transformation of the Bund. Theroad is 826m long and 45m wide with 6 to 10 lanes. This wide traffic line is notonly limited to the Bund area, but also extends with the pace of reform andopening up. It starts from Jiangwan Wujiaochang in the north and ends at NanpuBridge in the south. By the beginning of the next century, the North-SouthCorridor will be 15 kilometers long and will become a landmark of Shanghaitourism.

The riverside road we are taking now is quite unique. It not onlyintegrates culture and greening, but also is a good place for people to practicewriting and martial arts in the morning, a place for tourists at home and abroadto visit in the daytime, and an ideal place for lovers to have a love talk inthe evening. It is said that many foreign friends have come to experiencelife.

Ladies and gentlemen, strolling in the new Bund Sightseeing Area, do youfeel that the new Bund not only has a new look, but also has a strong artisticatmosphere in the bustling city. Lets see: an artistic landscape with the themeof "for tomorrow" is set on the Bund of Yanan East Road, embracing with sixcolumns and combining with the meteorological signal station with a history ofmore than 80 years to form a group of scenery. The customs building and theelectronic waterfall clock are also quite new. The electronic waterfall clock isa ladder type, 27 meters long and 3.5 meters high, with 10 full steps. The wholeoperation process is controlled by computer. There are more than 1000 jets ofwater in various colors of Arabic numerals, which makes the world so far awayand so close to each other. The tourist area has become a scenic line ofShanghai style culture that can accommodate hundreds of rivers.

Walking on the Bund, we unconsciously entered Huangpu Park. When it comesto the park, everyone in China cant forget the sign "Chinese and dogs are notallowed to enter" hung by foreign powers at the entrance of the park. Theinfamous sign brought great shame to the Chinese people at that time. Now, the60 meter high Shanghai Peoples handsome monument stands in front of the water.The majestic three pillar huanggangyan tower seems to tell people that thepeople will always remember the heroes who sacrificed their lives for thenational humiliation and Shanghais revolutionary cause since the war, the May4th Movement and the liberation war.

Huangpu Park is facing the famous Huangpu River at home and abroad. "Theyellow water in Huanglongpu on the moon" vividly depicts the color of HuangpuRiver. Jiangpu river is the mother river of Shanghai. It originates from TaihuLake in Wuxi. It is the longest, widest and deepest river in Shanghai, with atotal length of 114 km, an average width of 400 m and a depth of 7-9 M. Itsoriginal name is Dongjiang, also known as chunshenjiang and huangxiejiang. It issaid that more than 20__ years ago, Shanghai belonged to the state of Chu. Atthat time, there was a great general named Huang Xie in the state of Chu. He wasvery talented in governing the country. He was appointed prime minister by theking of Chu and was granted the title of "fengshenjun" to govern the land ofShanghai. Due to the siltation of the upper reaches of Dongjiang River at thattime, he led the people of Shanghai to dredge and modify the waterway, whichgreatly developed Shanghais water transportation and agriculture. In order tocommemorate Huang Xies achievements, later generations changed the name ofDongjiang River to "chunshenjiang" and "huangxiepu", which was not officiallynamed "Huangpu River" until the Southern Song Dynasty.

Overlooking the other bank, Pudong Lujiazui financial and trade zone andPuxi Bund are facing each other. Its functions are finance, trade and foreignservices. It will be the core and symbol of new Shanghai. "East Bund" BinjiangAvenue, with a total length of 2500 meters, integrates tourism, sightseeing andentertainment, along which there are six distinctive squares. Although I canonly smell the rumbling sound of piling, it is the most gorgeous movement on thestaff and predicts a better future for the Bund.

女士们、先生们：

大家好，欢迎您来清西陵观光游览，我是导游员__，旅途中您有什么意见和要求尽管提出来，我愿竭诚为您服务，我们今天的日程是这样为大家安排的：首先参观泰陵,中午到行宫就餐，下午参观崇陵。

泰 陵

清西陵是中国最后一个封建王朝—清朝的陵墓建筑群之一，位于北京西南125公里处的河北省易县境内。在800平方公里的陵区范围内，建有帝陵、后陵、妃园寝、王爷、公主、阿哥园寝等十四座，还有行宫、永福寺两处附属建筑及衙署营房遗址，品种齐全、布局合理。陵区内保存有古松一万五千余株，这些树不但美化了西陵，而且可以避免外界风沙的侵袭和热气、寒流的影响，为西陵营造了一个特别的小气候，使陵寝处于一个独立完整的自然环境之中，使这里的建筑，得以很好地保存。清西陵的历史、文化艺术价值极高，在20__年11月30日被联合国教科文组织列入了《世界遗产名录》，在20__年1月11日被国家旅游局评为首批4A景区。

清西陵中，雍正皇帝的泰陵建筑最早、规模最大，堪称首陵。这是一处清朝盛世时期遗存下来的古建群体，从它的选址、规划，布局都反映出当时国家的强盛以及政局的稳定，在建筑用料、工程技术，传统工艺等方面也都非常考究。

当代建筑学家讲，泰陵是一处典型的风水宝地的模式。站在大红门前五孔桥上环顾四周，可以看到，北面有连绵起伏的永宁山，为靠山，酷似屏障。永宁山是太行山的余脉，与东陵的昌瑞山属于同一脉系，此山从山西过来，如巨龙横卧中原;大红门两侧的东、西华盖山为天然门户;九龙、九凤山为环护左、右的低岭;南面形态端庄的元宝山，为泰陵的朝山;在中间广阔的平原上座落着泰陵辉宏壮丽，错落有致的建筑群。易水河从五孔桥下流过，形成山映于水，水扶于山的格局。“陵制与山水相称，天人合一”的宇宙观在这里充分体现出来，同时又展示出古代建筑学家巧夺天工的高超艺术。正如美国景观建筑学权威西蒙德先生所说的：“埃及人是在他自己预定的一条不能改变的需求道路上一直走到底，中国人在他的世界里独自徘徊时有友好的大自然来引导他拜谒上天和祖坟。所以没有任何一个地方，风景会真正成为建筑艺术材料。”

泰陵的建筑布局也非常考究，完全依照帝王生前所居宫廷格局，按礼制的需要而规划设计。以神道为中轴线贯穿南北，主体建筑安排在中轴线上，一律座北朝南;地宫座落在中轴线的末端，居中当阳，其余建筑沿中轴线次第排开。这些建筑都以准确的尺度，适宜的体量，斑斓的色彩，灵活巧妙的手法进行配制和空间组合，使陵寝的纪念性、礼制性主题有条不紊地展开并不断深化。

石牌坊是泰陵最具特色的建筑之一，泰陵设三架，无论是从数量还是排列形式上都独具一格。一架面南、两各东西，与北面的大红门形成一个宽敞的四合院。三架牌坊的大小、规制完全一样，均由66块大小石料，仿木卯榫结合而成，每架牌坊高12.75米，宽31.85米，为五间六柱十一楼造型，全部用巨大的青白石打造，各个部位还雕有丰富的纹饰，画面布局合理，造型生动，雕工细腻，玲珑剔透，生机盎然。这在中国历代帝王陵墓中尚属孤品。成为清西陵列入世界文化遗产最具有价值的建筑之一。

整个陵区注重对门的处理，门既可作为出入之用，也可截断空间界面。大红门是进入陵区的总门户，单檐庑殿顶，看上去质朴、凝重、敦实、稳重，视若腾龙偃卧，镇守陵前。两侧有42华里的风水墙，逶迤延展，包护陵区，愈发显出大红门的庄严气派。

具服殿独成一院，是供后代皇帝、后妃来谒陵祭祖时更换衣服的场所，沿续明代拂座殿而建，殿内有净房，类似于现在的洗手间，内有绣花墩马桶。而今为了方便游人，在净房的旁边建有一座水冲厕所。

·张家口旅游导游词 ·山海关导游词 ·秦皇岛祖山导游词 ·北戴河导游词 ·角山导游词

圣德神功碑楼是记述皇帝生平功德的主要建筑之一，俗称大碑楼，建成于1739年，花费白银十三万一千五百两。大碑楼占地5.54亩，高26.05米，四面辟门，为重檐九脊歇山顶，稳中有变，富丽典雅。它座落在方形广场的正中，四角各有一根高12米的华表相衬，使碑楼显得更加庄严、肃穆、雄伟、壮观。四根华表的柱身均用整块石料雕成，呈圆柱形，直径1.5米，周身浮雕着朵朵云团，一条巨龙于云朵间盘绕柱身扶摇而上，带有呼之欲出的动态感。华表也叫擎天柱，又称墓表。起源于远古时代，初为木质，为纳谏而设，又叫诽谤木。在陵墓神道上设华表，在西汉时期就很流行，是木质华表，石刻华表在东汉时盛行。华表装饰着象征皇权的云龙图纹，作为皇家建筑的特殊标志，衬托出主体建筑的高大，使其更加宏伟壮观。

碑楼内，矗立着两统巨大的石碑，每统碑重56.55吨，碑身阳面用满汉两种文字镌刻着雍正皇帝生前的丰功伟绩，大约五千字，这是一部给雍正歌功颂德的重要资料。

绕过碑楼，是一座七孔石拱桥，这是清西陵四十九座桥梁中最长的，长107米，宽21米。(栏板上是二十四节气望柱头，又称火焰望柱头。柱头上有二十四条阴刻线，代表二十四节气。因为有河才有桥，而河位于田野之中，大地与田野不可分，与二十四节气有一定的关系，耕种、浇灌都离不开二十四节气。)像这样巨大而完美的石桥在中国是不多见的。它对于建筑物的布局组合起着连接作用，使组合群的层次明显，过渡自然，紧凑而不松散，同时也显示出一种庄严肃穆的气氛。

走下七孔桥，可见在神路的两侧对称排列着的雕刻精美的石望柱、石狮、石象、石马、武将、文臣等五对石像生。

望柱为六角形石柱，柱身雕流云纹饰，底部为六角形的须弥座。在宋代以前，石望柱置于墓道的最前面，为主要建筑，因为明、清陵时石牌坊作为陵墓前主要建筑，所以石望柱退居次要位置，纯属装饰。

石像生是设置在陵墓前的由石人石兽组成的石雕群，来显示死者生前的地位，身份。泰陵原来并未安设石像生，乾隆登基后，认为陵寝不设石像生，与典制不符，想在此泰陵增设石像生，而臣工们(风水大师：高其悼、洪文澜)则坚持：“泰陵甬道，系随山川之形势盘旋修理，如设立石像生，不能依其丈尺，整齐安设，而甬路转旋之处，必有向背参差之所，则于风水地形，不宜安设”。所以泰陵不设石像生并非违备典制，而是与风水有关。乾隆建议将大红门，龙凤门向南展拓，于是臣工们尊旨赴现场审核了原有计划并向乾隆奏议：“大红门正在龙蟠虎踞之间，护北面随龙升这旺气，纳南面特朝环抱之水，前朝后拱，天心十道，时天造地设之门户，不便展拓向外，况石像生之设，古制未详，无大关典礼之处，似可毋庸添设”。一言九鼎的天子，面对臣工的据理力争，也无可奈何，于是在奏折上批道：“知道了”。此事不了了之。事隔几年，乾隆旧事重提，最终在1748年，大臣拗不过皇帝，在泰陵前安设了五对石像生，这样就失去了龙凤门横陈为底景的依托，而又失去了石像生拱卫迎候于门前，聚巧形而展示的效果。所以泰陵石像生在所有建筑中是一个败笔，但由于臣工们极端负责的态度与皇帝的据理力争，所以也未伤及大雅。

蜘蛛山是泰陵的案山，据刘敦祯先生讲，此山系人工所为，可这里原有一座小山，又往上放了一些施工中剩下的废料。那么案山在陵区究竟起什么作用呢?因风水讲，无朝案遮拦未免飘散生气，所以案山会使陵区生气发越。

通向宝顶的引导大道—神道在里突然拐弯，是因为中国古建筑讲：贵含蓄，忌直接。

后面的建筑不能直接尽收眼底，应该慢慢展开，所以当我们漫步于弯弯曲曲的神道上，就好像置身于意向深远的空间环境氛围之中。

龙凤门是一座雍容华贵的建筑，为庑殿顶火焰式石牌坊柱门，黄色琉璃瓦的看面墙，墙下有宽厚敦实的洁白色须弥座，构成丰富细致，色彩斑澜、华丽富贵的形体，整座龙凤门充满了动势。高低错落的轮廓线，挺拔的石柱上雕刻云板、云墩和蹲龙，横直如矢的大小额坊和顶部火焰宝珠，看面墙上云纹腾龙的花心和岔角牡丹花叶，墙顶蓝绿色三彩斗拱所撑托的金色琉璃庑殿顶等等，都给人以丰富多彩，引人入胜的感受。龙凤门的近形风姿与远视气魄巧妙溶汇，相登相生，出神入化，给人以丰富的视觉艺术感受，不愧是古代哲匠的精心杰作。

三孔桥虽没有七孔桥那么宏大，但工匠师们都把它建造的小巧玲珑，优美动人，将两侧的栏板用优雅的券形曲线组合。站在三孔桥上驻足观看，陵寝宫殿群在紫色的永宁山衬托下，同时向东西两翼逶迤延展，把一种统一性的内涵，一种非同凡响的稳重、宁静、庄严肃穆的气氛，充分体现出来。

三路九孔桥并肩横跨于最后一座马槽沟上，除自然形成的三条河以外，后两道是人工开凿而成，山陵环境质量的完善非常注重对水的处理。水对于大地来说为血脉，能够造就大自然的钟灵毓秀，使生气发越;水还可以界分空间，形成丰富的空间层次及谐和的环境组合，而且山水相得如方圆中之规矩，山水相济如堂室之门户。因此陵区所有随桥泊岸，酌量地势修理，不使浸湿地宫;修筑堤坎，而且也使水流弯环，免其激射有声，破坏宁静的山陵气氛。所以马槽沟弯如飘带，柔如轻纱，造成“来宜曲水向我，去宜盘旋顾恋”的水势。充分体现出水对帝穴的留恋之情。所以陵区一山一水皆有义，一草一木总关情。

神厨库是座东朝西的小院，内建神厨。神库和省牲亭等建筑，是祭祀时制作和存放各种肉食品的地方。

神道碑亭又称小碑楼，内矗立皇帝谥号碑，重檐歇山，黄色琉璃瓦覆顶，四角翘飞，形式与大碑楼相仿，但规模缩减了二分之一左右。内竖一统石碑，用满、汉、蒙三种文字刻写着雍正皇帝谥号。

东、西朝房是为祭祀准备奶茶和瓜果的地方，又叫茶膳房，是根据关外奶房，果房的遗制而制造的。

东、西班房均为布瓦卷棚顶，为值班房，也叫守护房。清代皇帝继位之后，便大兴土木，耗费大量的人力、物力、财力为之修陵筑墓。因而皇陵的保护便成为重要任务，这一任务由深受皇帝信任的八旗兵来担负。他们采用换班的方法沿着陵院外的更道昼夜巡逻。如阴雨天气可在值班房内躲避休息。

隆恩门是进入宫殿区的门户，是整个陵寝组合群引导建筑的结束与主体建筑的开始。两侧是宽厚高大的朱红围墙，把宫殿区的所有建筑包围起来，使其形成结构严谨的两层院落。

焚帛炉，又叫燎炉，是为皇帝祭祀时焚烧五色纸和金银锞的地方。炉高4米，单檐歇山顶，周身用黄琉璃瓦构件制成，炉基为须弥座。炉内四壁及上下均为铁板，下面是三个铁槽，顶部两角各有一出烟孔，底座下部两侧各有一扒灰口。整座建筑比例适中，色调合协，雍容华贵，精巧秀致。

东配殿是存放祝板和制帛的地方，同时又是临时存放神牌的地方。每当大修隆恩殿时，帝、后的神牌就移到这里安放，在维修期间如遇上祭祀，也在此进行。西配殿则是喇嘛念经的地方，每当帝、后忌辰大祭之日，由永福寺派十三名喇嘛到此念经，为死去的皇帝超度亡灵。

正面的隆恩殿是陵寝地面建筑中最重要的建筑，为祭祀的主要场所。整座建筑建在巨大的汉白玉基座上，面阔五间、进深三间，重檐歇山式建筑，黄色琉璃瓦盖顶，显得庄严肃穆。其建筑结构非常牢固，所有的木件全部采用卯榫对接形式，梁、柱、檀、椽结合不死板禁锢，有灵活移动的余地，具有很强的防震功能。在发生强烈地震时，榫卯之间具有活动性能，将外部力量缓冲分解，震后仍可恢复原位。因此雍正八年以来的多次地震和一九七六年的唐山大地震，都没使清西陵的大木结构受到显著破坏，充分显示了中国古代工匠高超的建筑水平。

三座门也叫琉璃花门，中门比较高大，两侧墙上有琉璃岔角花和中心花，檐端用琉璃斗拱装饰。这种门占地面积较小，看上去显得较厚重，图案丰富，雍容华贵，具有很好的艺术效果。而且材料非常坚硬，耐高湿，有一劳永逸之功效。两侧分别接卡墙。阻隔南北，使宫殿区形成两层院落。清代建筑学家，不仅注重陵区单体建筑的形象与外观，而且更注重了它们之间的关系，组群布局发展到了登峰造极的地步，这种组群布局的实现依靠门户和墙体，将各单体建筑有效地组合分割，形成一个个院落，并将院落形成复杂的整体给人“庭院深深深几许”的意境。

二柱门横跨神道，石柱上架额坊，建筑形式为斗拱夹山顶。作为方城明楼的屏障。清朝前五代皇帝陵寝都在三座门以后建二柱门，自道光以后则裁撤，因为建筑中缩短了三座门与方城明楼之间的距离。

石五供是一组象征永久性祭祀的供品。基座是由三块巨石雕成的须弥座，这是我国传统建筑的台基样式，上面刻有八仙、八宝、八卦、琴棋书画等图案，所有这些都象征着吉祥如意，对研究中国古代的雕刻艺术有很好的参考价值。明楼属于纪念性的建筑物，高高地耸立在方城之上，使人置身于仰崇桥山的氛围之中，它与朱红色的墙体、金黄色的瓦顶与湛蓝的天空构成了一幅绚丽的画卷。

当我们踏上明楼在向南方远眺时，心中升起一种无比自豪的感觉。正前方五里之外的东西华盖山，九龙九凤山形成的自然门户，郁郁葱葱的古松树弥漫于30里内外，座座殿宇、桥梁、门房、树木山川疏密相间，错落有致，气势北京的故宫、颐和园、承德的避暑山庄，明十三陵大有过之无不及。清陵在中国建筑史上留下了辉煌的一页，是中华民族的骄傲，是世界人民的骄傲，所以英国著名科学家里约瑟说：“皇陵在中国建筑制式上是一重大成就，它整个图案的内容也许就是整个建筑部分与风景艺术相结合的最伟大的例子”。雍正在选定易州境内天平峪时，说这里是：“乾坤聚秀之区，阴阳合会之所，龙穴砂石，无美不收，形势理气，诸吉咸备”的风水宝地。而历经180年，十四座陵寝完工以后，自然景观又加之人文景观，就形成了：“山自太行来，巍峨耸拔，脉秀力丰，峻岭崇岗，远拱于外，灵岩翠岫，环卫其间，迄下山岗无数，如手之有指，每两岗之平坦开拓处诸陵在焉，花之瓣，笋之箨，层层包护”，的人间胜境，是“龙蟠风翥，源远流长，左右回环，前后拱卫，实如金城玉笋的秀美风光”。

朋友们，到次为止，西陵的参观就告一段落，谢谢大家的合作，请您留下宝贵的意见，真诚的欢迎您的再次光临，祝大家归途愉快，再见!

昌 陵

昌陵位于泰陵西侧1公里处，葬有嘉庆皇帝和孝淑睿皇后，自1796年开始修建到1803年峻工，距今已有190多年的历史。

昌陵是东、西陵中较有特色的一座，是研究清代陵寝制度不可多得的实物见证。在清代所有陵寝中昌陵是唯一一处由太上皇选定的陵址。1796年，乾隆在当满了60年皇帝之后，履行自己继位之初的诺言，让位于嘉庆，自己当上了名副其实的太上皇，并根据自己曾有谕旨：“嗣后吉地，各依昭穆次序;在东、西陵界内分建”。把自己在泰陵西侧1公里处选定的陵址赐给了儿子嘉庆。这对嘉庆来说是一种莫大的殊荣，同时也体现出太上皇的威严。

嘉庆皇帝是清朝入关后第五代皇帝，为乾隆的第十五子，37岁继承皇帝位，但仍由乾隆皇帝训政。嘉庆四年，太上皇驾崩，此时40岁的嘉庆才有了实权，而大清帝国也已从鼎盛的巅峰跌落下来，开始走下坡路。当时清王朝已危机四伏，内创累累。嘉庆皇帝在这种情况下，能够励精图治，革除弊政，全力维持祖宗留下的基业。但却墨守成规，遵循守旧，所以一生中没有什么特殊的政绩，昌陵正是在这样的背景下建造起来的。

尽管如此，昌陵的建筑规模与规制仍能与泰陵相媲美，除没有石牌坊、大红门、具服殿和七孔桥外，其它建筑的种类与式样均等同。而宝顶比泰陵宝顶还要高出数尺，圣德神功碑楼与隆恩殿也比泰陵的更为壮观。

昌陵隆恩殿的地面更独具特色，全部采用珍贵的紫花石铺墁。紫花石，产于河南，每块62厘米见方，呈正方形，磨光烫蜡，不滑不涩，缝细如线，平亮如砥，石面呈黄色，缀以天然形成的紫色花纹图案。其状如竹笋、似春蚕、若芙蓉、像绒球，千姿百态，在阳光照耀下，似满堂宝石，熠熠生辉，令人叹为观止，所以昌陵有“满堂宝石”之称。

隆恩殿内东暖阁的佛楼仍保持着当初的模样，其它各帝陵隆恩殿的佛楼，经过战争的毁坏，只剩下空间，唯独这座佛楼至今整体完好。佛楼分下、下两层，上层有木雕垂花，精湛优美，涂金闪亮;下层有木制边饰，朱红底色，鲜丽耀眼。按清代建陵规制，东暖阁均为佛楼，佛龛里供奉着金、银、玉、翠的佛像。

据现存的“雷氏图纸”中考证，昌陵地宫结构比泰陵还要宏大，雕刻也十分精美，为“四门九券”，且有佛像经文雕刻。与现已开放的清东陵境内乾隆的裕陵地宫规模装饰相近。而裕陵地宫为现已考证的清帝陵地宫中最为壮观、珍贵的一座，既是一座不可多得的石雕艺术宝库，又是一座庄严肃穆的地下佛堂。同样昌陵地宫也具有诱人的魅力，券顶外的宝顶封土内也有石雕，其结构造型与陵寝宫殿的瓦脊、勾滴等相同，先按地面建筑的要求营造好地宫，然后再覆土掩埋。形成清代皇帝陵寝地宫结构中独具特色的风格。

慕 陵

慕陵位于陵区的最西端，始建于一八三一年，完工于一八三五年，内葬道光皇帝及孝穆、孝全、孝慎三个皇后。慕陵建筑面积虽没有泰陵那样广阔，建筑也不如泰陵那样宏伟，布局更不如泰陵那样完善，但它那别出新裁的设计以及独特的建筑手法，却成为清代帝王陵寝中绝无仅有的艺术珍品。

按照乾隆开创的父、子分葬，选定东、西的“兆葬之制”，道光皇帝应该在清东陵境内选选址建陵，所以道光于1821年即位后，花费了七年的时间在东陵的宝华峪营建了陵墓，但后因施工质量问题，造成地宫浸水。于是道光皇帝便下令拆掉原陵，又于1831年来西陵祭祖之际亲自选定了一块高平之地—龙泉峪作为自己的万年吉地，第二次营建了陵墓。

这次建陵，道光皇帝一改其它帝陵的建筑特点，裁撤了石像生、圣德神功碑楼、方城明楼等项建筑，而且主体建筑的三大殿全部采用昂贵的金丝楠木制作，不施彩绘，保持了木本色。外面烫蜡。虽看起来不是那么富丽堂皇，但却赋予人们古朴，典雅的感觉。最令人惊叹的是在三座殿的门窗膈扇、梁柱、雀替、天花、藻井上布满了形态各异的木雕龙，尤其天花板上都以高浮雕的手法制成向下府视的龙头，有的地方还采用高出平面半尺有余的透雕手法。走进殿内，举目上望，但见龙头济口，张口鼓腮，栩栩如生。整个雕刻构思严谨，线条流畅，刀法娴熟，制作精巧，形象生动，充满着详和气氛，成为稀世珍品。使人仿佛来到了一座雕龙博物馆，难怪有人说：“慕陵是座雕刻艺术的殿堂”。

隆恩殿后面的三座门由一架天然汉白玉石牌坊代替，牌坊正中刻有“慕陵”二字，背面刻有道光皇帝亲笔诛谕：“敬瞻东北，永慕无穷，云山密尔。呜呼!其慕与慕也”。依清朝规制，帝、后陵名一般由后继皇帝钦定，但是慕陵名称却是道光皇帝生前亲自默定。道光十五年，他来西陵谒陵，顺便阅视了正在修建的陵寝工程，并赴隆恩殿至孝穆、孝慎梓宫前奠酒，而后立于月台上，仰望东北方感慨地写下了这道诛谕。道光驾崩后，咸丰即位，重读诛谕，见“其慕与慕也”一句，便心领神会，于是立刻命雕工把“慕陵”二字雕于牌坊之上。

无论从规划布局，还是建筑风格方面，慕陵处处体它的独到之处，成为清朝入关后皇帝陵寝建筑中的珍品。

崇 陵

崇陵是中国封建皇帝最后一座陵墓，始建于1909年，完工于1915年，内葬光绪皇帝和孝定景皇后。

崇陵工程是在光绪皇帝死后第二年才开始修建的，这与清朝建陵典制完全不符，大清皇帝在承袭了明代陵墓制度的同时，又不断完善陵寝制度，不仅活着的时候讲究安逸奢侈，而且死后在建筑陵寝上也要表示出至高无尚的尊贵地位。所以生前就选好陵址，并建好陵墓。

据考证，崇陵陵址是在光绪十三年(1887年)选定并定陵名，但由于当时的清王朝国库空虚，外债累累，加之光绪和慈禧之间形成了尖锐的矛盾和斗争，陵寝的营建就不可能了。直到1909年，光绪死后第二年，崇陵工程才开始动工修建，其间又值1911年辛亥革命爆发，工程被迫停止。1912年，末代皇帝溥仪向民国宣布退位时，向民国政府提出了八项优待皇室条件，其中第五条要求：“德宗崇陵未完工程，如制妥修。其奉安典礼仍如旧制，所有实用经费均由中华民国支付”。1913年春，民国政府根据这一条件，经协商之后立即拨款，并于1915年全部完工。

崇陵在建筑规模上比其它帝陵均小，没有大碑楼、石像生、二柱门等项建筑，但基本上沿袭了明、清两朝的陵寝制度，并集清代各陵的建筑经验于一体，采用先进的建筑技术，用料考究，主要建筑的三大殿全部采用质地坚硬的铜藻、铁藻木料构成，素有“铜梁铁柱”之称。隆恩殿内的四根明柱采用沥粉贴金盘龙装饰，为皇帝陵中的独到之处。檐下增设了通风孔，可使殿内空气流通，以防木料腐朽。就其建筑群体而论，设有较完备的排水系统，宫殿四角设有散水坡，便于雨水的排放。明楼与三座门前分别挖砌了御带河，地宫内凿有十四个漏水眼与之相通，为地宫排水之用。

崇陵虽建于清末民初，但建筑规制仍宏伟壮观。在众多的建筑物中，地宫工程最为浩大，崇陵地宫如同其它帝陵的地宫一样，为拱券式石结构建筑，共有四门九券。墓道全长63.19米，面积349.95米，空间2170.65立方米。四道石门是地宫的重要组成部分，每扇石门上浮雕菩萨立像一尊，佛像大小与真人差不多，各个头戴佛冠，身披伽裟，足蹬莲花座，手持法器，分别代表力量、智慧、愿望、富贵等。过了四道门便是地宫九券中最大的一个券—金券，这里是地宫的主体建筑，高大宽敝，内有宝床，上面安放着皇帝、皇后的梓宫。

1938年，一伙不明身份的军人盗掘了崇陵地宫，1980年由政府将其清理并对外开放。虽然崇陵地宫没有乾隆的裕陵地宫那样规模宏大，雕刻精美，但它却成为研究晚清皇帝陵寝地宫规制的实物见证。

昌西陵

在清西陵境内共有三座皇后陵，分别为泰东陵、昌西陵和慕东陵，其中泰东陵，无论从规模、规制上都是清代后陵中的姣姣者，而昌西陵在这些方面却无法与之媲美，但它却形成了自己独到的建筑风格。在中国古建筑中只有两处回音壁，一处是天坛，而另一处以是昌西陵。

昌西陵始建于1851年，完工于1853年，内葬嘉庆的孝和睿皇后，清朝从康熙初期开始，皇后薨于皇帝之后，便另选陵址，不再合葬帝陵地宫，而且陵寝不再另立陵名，而按皇帝陵寝所处方位而定，因其陵寝在昌陵西侧，所以定陵名为昌西陵。

与其它皇后陵寝比起来，昌西陵的规制大为缩减。主要裁撤了方城明楼，缩减了隆恩殿和配殿的规制，隆恩殿由重檐歇山顶，面阔五间，改为单檐歇山，面阔五间，并裁撤了大殿及月台周围的石栏杆，不设丹陛石，配殿由五间改为三间。隆恩门也由五间改为三间，陵寝门的两个角门由带门楼改为随墙门，与妃园寝的园寝门一样。

尽管昌西陵规制大为缩减，较前代皇后陵大为逊色，但也有其独特和值得称道的地方。

昌西陵有回音壁。和其它陵寝一样，昌西陵后围墙也是弧形墙在陵寝建筑中叫罗圈墙，就可听到很大的回声，其形式和原理与北京天坛的回音壁一样，因此人们把昌西陵的罗圈墙也称作回音壁。

除回音壁以外，这里还有一块回音石，那就是宝顶前面倒数第七块条石。站在这块石头上讲话，就能听到比原声大十倍或数十倍的回声，所以人们称它为回音石，这种奇特的回音壁和回音石现象的出现，是声学原理和古代建筑形式的巧合。声波的波长肯定小于围墙半径，声波以束状沿墙连续反射前进，使声音像打电话般清晰地传到对方耳中。

正是由于昌西陵的独到的建筑风格，使它对游人产生了无可替代的魅力，同时也对研究古代建筑提供了不可多得的实物例证。

不难看出，清西陵是一部清朝历史的写照，体现了中国历代帝王陵寝的最高水准，更是一部精美的艺术杰作，座座陵寝都反映出清朝的历史文化，建筑文化，生态文化和风水文化。成为自然环境与陵寝建筑相结合的最伟大的例子。

朋友们，我们今天的旅游到此结束了，谢谢大家的合作，请您留下宝贵的意见，真诚的欢迎您的再次光临，祝大家归途愉快，再见!

Taizhou is a young coastal city on Chinas Gold Coast, located in themiddle of Zhejiang coast and the southernmost wing of Shanghai Economic Zone.Taizhou City Center is 122 degrees east and 28 degrees north, which belongs tosubtropical monsoon climate. Jiaojiang, Huangyan and Luqiao are three districtsin the urban area. Under the jurisdiction of Linhai, Wenling two cities, Yuhuan,Tiantai, Xianju, Sanmen four counties. The city has a land area of 9411 squarekilometers, a sea area of 80000 square kilometers and a population of 5.46million. The urban area is 1536 square kilometers with a population of 1.4million.

Taizhou, with a long history, is the birthplace of pterosaur fossils andXiatang culture in the Neolithic age more than 5000 years ago. After QinShihuang unified China, Huipu township was set up, Huipu county was set up inthe Han Dynasty (85 BC), Linhai county was set up in the Three Kingdoms period(257 AD), and Huipu county was set up in the Tang Dynasty (620 BC)___ Taizhoucity has been known since 1949. Since the founding of new China, it has beenestablished as an administrative office. In August 1994, Taizhou city wasestablished with the approval of the State Council.

Taizhou enjoys the advantages of both mountains and sea, and has been knownas "famous mountain on the sea" in history. Taizhou is one of the main grainproducing areas in Zhejiang Province. It is the first place in China where therice yield per mu exceeds 1000 Jin and 20__ Jin. Taizhou is also Chinas mainfruit Town, famous fruit Huangyan Mandarin and Yuhuan Wendan are famous at homeand abroad. Chinese Taiwan is one of the main fishing areas in China, with a vast andrich fishing ground in the East China Sea, and its fishery output ranks first inZhejiang Province.

Taizhou is the birthplace of Chinas stock cooperative system withdeveloped economy and prosperous market. 20 years of reform and opening up___ Inrecent years, the people of Taizhou have emancipated their minds, worked hardand blazed new trails. They have found a road suitable for the economicdevelopment of the city and initially established a distinctive socialist marketeconomy pattern. As a result, a relatively backward pure agricultural area hascompleted the initial stage of industrialization and entered the ranks ofcoastal cities with relatively developed economy.

Taizhou has convenient transportation and advanced communication. Haimenport has always been an important port for foreign exchanges. In 230 ad, thefirst route between the mainland and Chinese Taiwan was opened. Todays Taizhou has aport, an airport, a national highway 104 and coastal expressways, and hasinitially built a three-dimensional transportation system of sea, land andair.

Taizhou has a prosperous style of study since ancient times. The people arehonest and the society is stable. There are many scenic spots and historicsites. Education Science and technology are developed, and talents emerge inlarge numbers. It is a rich land on the gold coast of China.

In 1999, with the approval of the State Council, Taizhou city wasidentified as a big city and the center of the first level economic sub regionin the urbanization pattern of Zhejiang Province. 20___ In, Taizhou MunicipalParty committee and government put forward the strategic goal of "developing bigindustry, developing big port, building big transportation and building a bigcity", positioning Taizhou as a prosperous, civilized and beautiful modern portcity.

The goal of Taizhous second take-off is: in 20 years___ It will be builtinto a modern coastal city with developed science, industry and trade.

Taizhou is mountainous and coastal, with both mountain and sea scenery.Since the Han and Jin Dynasties, Taoism and Buddhism have flourished, andtemples have sprung up in the mountains and valleys, adding many culturallandscapes. After the founding of the peoples Republic of China, a number ofscenic spots have been opened up. The scenic spots in the region can be roughlydivided into three categories: the mountain scenic spots mainly located inTaishan and Kuocang mountains, including the mountains in Huangyan City andWenling County, and the natural scenery is integrated with many historicalsites; Taozhu in Linhai City, Shepan island and Xianyan cave in Sanmen County,Shitang fishing village in Wenling County, Dalu island in Yuhuan County, Dachenisland in Jiaojiang city and other coastal scenic spots have great developmentpotential; most of the scenic spots in cities, counties and suburbs have beenturned into parks. Tiantai Mountain was declared as a provincial scenic spot bythe provincial peoples Government in August 1985 and approved as a national keyscenic spot in August 1988. Taozhu scenic spot has been recorded in the recordsof Tainan cave forest by Feng gengxue in the Qing Dynasty. It began to attractattention in the 1980s, and there are many new discoveries. There are still manyscenic spots to be developed in all parts of the region.

内蒙古自治区位于中国北部边疆，由东北向西南斜伸，呈狭长形。土地总面积118.3万平方公里，占全国总面积的12.3%，在全国各省、市、自治区中名列第三位。跨越经纬度宽广，西起东经97°12’，东达东经126°04’，横跨经度28°52’，相隔2500多公里;南起北纬37°24’，北至北纬53°23’，纵占纬度15°59’，直线距离1700多公里。全区地势较高，平均海拔高度1000米左右，基本上是一个高原型的地貌区。在世界自然区划中，属于著名的亚洲中部蒙古高原的东南部及其周沿地带，统称内蒙古高原，是中国四大高原中的第二大高原。在内部结构上又有明显差异，其中高原约占总面积的53.4%，山地占20.9%，丘陵占16.4%，平原与滩川地占8.5%，河流、湖泊、水库等水面面积占0.8%。

在这辽阔富饶的内蒙古草原上，目前居住着49个兄弟民族。其中，人口在100万以上的有汉族、蒙古族;人口在10万以上的有回族和满族;人口在1万以上的有朝鲜族、达斡尔族、鄂温克族;人口在1千人以上的有壮族、锡伯族、俄罗斯族、鄂伦春族;人口在1千人以下的有藏族、苗族、维吾尔族、彝族、布依族、侗族、瑶族、白族、土家簇、哈尼族、哈萨克族、傣族、黎族、僳僳族、佤族、畲族、高山族、拉枯族、水族、东乡族、纳西族、景颇族、柯尔克孜族、土族、仫佬族、羌族、撒拉族、毛难族、仡佬族、普米族、塔塔尔族、京族、怒族、乌孜别克族、德昂族、保安族、裕固族、赫哲族。生活在内蒙古草原上各民族都创造了各自灿烂的民族文化和独特的民俗传统。

内蒙古自治区是以蒙古族为主体的少数民族自治区，所以我们编写此书时也以蒙古族风俗习惯为主，同时适当地介绍了包括汉族在内的其他兄弟民族的风土人情。由于地域辽阔、狭长，生活在不同地区的蒙古族，其风俗习惯也不尽相同，尤其自清末开垦以来，蒙古族聚居区已形成牧区，半农半牧区、农区三种不同生产经营区域。现在内蒙古农区面积占全区总面积的13.6%，蒙古族总人口的18.6%居住在农区;半农半牧区面积占全区总面积的16.4%，蒙古族总人口的56.3%居住在半农半牧区;纯牧区占全区总面积的60.5%，但那里的蒙古族人口只占全蒙古族总人口的16.3%。随着土计形态的变化，蒙古族传统民俗也随之发生了变化，各个地区蒙古族风俗习惯之间的差异也越来越大了。在编写过程中，我们既注意突出地区特色，又考虑到各地蒙古族风俗习惯的共同特征。

蓝天白云下的内蒙古大草原是个极富魅力的地方，是国内外人士理想的旅游观光胜地。近年来，随着旅游业的迅速发展，来内蒙古草原上旅游观光的中外游客与日俱增。“天苍苍，野茫茫”的古老而神奇的大自然正敞开宽广的胸怀等候着八方来客，热情好客的内蒙古各族人民举起金杯迎候着来自世界各地的朋友们!请您来到这风光美丽的草原上，享受一次回归大自然的乐趣吧!