简短独特生日祝福语
1.祝你生日快乐!愿生日带给你的欢乐中蕴涵着一切美好。
2.宝宝今天一岁了,妈妈祝你生日快乐!健康快乐的长大。
3.春夏秋冬因为今日才流转,日夜交替因为今天才变换,日月星辰因为今日才灿烂,绵绵祝福因为今天才出现,天使诞生人世间,让我用心来祝愿:生日快乐!
4.好的风景我会留恋,好的瞬间我会留住,好的节日我会期盼,好的朋友我会想念,好的祝福我会给你,年年此日我会准时送上祝福,祝你生日快乐!
5.孩子,妈妈没有离开你,妈妈就藏在你黑黑的眼瞳里。祝你生日快乐,开心成长!
6.孩子,你的到来点亮了我们的生命,为我们的生活赋予了全新的意义。以后也要开开心心哦,生日快乐。
7.宝贝生日快乐。记住,你生命的每一次扬帆出海。我的祝福都会伴你同行!
8.愿所有的幸福,所有的快乐,所有的温馨,所有的好运,永远围绕在你身边!宝贝,生日快乐!
9.你是哈蜜我是瓜,生日你不笨瓜瓜,看了短信笑哈哈,不愧是个哈蜜瓜!祝你:看了短信笑哈哈,生日快乐!
10.摘一片雪花,把祝福串成洁白的树挂,为你的生日奉献一朵亮丽的心花。
11.愿你生命中的愿望都能得到实现!生日快乐!
12.值得纪念的日子,原世界因为有了你而更加美好,生日快乐。
13.亲爱的宝宝:你长着一对翅膀。坚韧地飞吧,不要为风雨所折服;诚挚地飞吧,不要为香甜的蜜汁所陶醉。朝着明确的目标,飞向美好的人生。
14.你的生日是对生命的歌颂,祝健康快乐,事业蒸蒸日上。
15.生日快乐!愿这特殊的日子里,你的每时每刻都充满欢乐。
16.希望你的生日特别愉快,冰淇淋吃个够,玩是痛快加痛快!
更多相似范文
篇1:中国古代寓言故事读书心得
近一段时间,根据单位的统一安排,我们组织了一系列的案件学习和讨论,感触颇深,主要集中在如下几个方面:
一、他们为什么会这样做?
对于这个问题,我觉得主要有两个方面可以思考,一是价值观发生了扭曲,光想着捞钱了,想着享受了,所以就通过种种不法的手段来解决问题;二是交友不慎,一步一步地上了贼船,无奈之下只能就范,一步步滑向深渊。
钱多少才算多?我觉得这个问题可以考虑一下。有人说一百万、也有说一千万,但是人的欲望是无穷的,有了一百万的时候就会去追求一千万了,有了一千万还想着去做亿万富豪了,永远不会知足。这里还有个前题,就是我们是信用社员工,如果我们是个商人,那么逐利就是我们的目标,只要不违法,我赚一百个亿都没有问题,但是我们不是,我们只是一个小小的银行职员而已,我们赚的只是相对微薄的工资和奖金,这个是我们的工作性质决定的,那种挥金如土的生活不是我们工薪阶层所能消费和欣赏的。反过来考虑,我们作为一个信用社的员工,有自己的房子、有自己的车、有自己的一点积蓄能够养老就好了,再多的钱就不是自己的了,留给孩子,很大可能是害了孩子,对孩子是没有什么好处的。知足常乐,不属于自己的东西,就一定不要碰!
关于交友,每个人都有自己的朋友,这个很正常,但是有一些朋友是不能交往的,因为他们跟你交往的目的就是看中了你在信用社里有资源,可以贷款,是个财神爷。另外就是关于朋友之间借钱的问题,我有个观点就是一定要在你自己能够承受的额度之内,比如说你借给他一万、两万或者十万二十万,你自己可以承受这个损失,不影响你身边的其他人。这是可以的,但是如果你借给他几十万甚至几百万,那就不正常了,因为我们自己承受不了这个风险!很多人就会顺理成章地把这一风险转化给了单位,这样就危险了,就容易出问题了。许多人出问题就是这样的,刚开始的时候试探性的做了一点,自己也能控制住了,觉得没有问题了,逐步就放松了警惕,然后一步一步地就越走越远、越走越深,直到自己控制不住的时候才东窗事发。实在是可悲!
二、他们这样做值得吗?
纵观全部案例,出了个别特殊情况外,基本上判刑最少的是一年,一般的都是5年左右。有时候自己再考虑,如果有一天真的自己进去了,那我们以后的生活会如何呢?尽管现在社会也在鼓励各界去包容那些“湿过鞋”的人,但是实际情况又会如何呢?一旦进去后,那么在社会上就很难立足了。那我们能干什么呢?回老家,舆-论压力让人受不了,只能到一个陌生的城市做个小本买卖,但是这样的结果就是仅仅能够维持自己的生存,想发展壮大,真的很难!很简单的一点,当自己的事业发展需要资金的时候,融资就会很难,就因为那个污点,那个永远伴随一生的污点,那个永远都洗不掉的污点。身边的朋友就更别提了,谁还敢与您交往呀,大家都会躲着。想想看,这个是一个什么样的结局?太恐怖了!
另外,我们也可以算算帐,记得看过一个教育片叫《七笔帐》,主人公一把鼻涕一把泪地给大家算账:一算“政治帐”,自毁前程;二算“经济帐”,倾家荡产;三算“名誉帐”,身败名裂;四算“家庭帐”,夫离女散;五算“亲情帐”,众叛亲离;六算“自由帐”,身陷牢笼;七算“健康帐”,身心憔悴! 最后主人公总结说:“现在我深深地体会到,什么最重要?生命最重要!自由最重要!什么是幸福?有一个健康的身体,和睦完整的家庭,平平安安就是最大的幸福!算算自己的七笔帐,我是帐帐划不来。”同样:算算我们自己的帐也同样不值,挪用资金几十万,判刑五六年,丢掉了自己的饭碗,怎么值得呢?!
三、在农信工作怎么样?
关于农信工作。就是知足常乐,感谢农信。很多人都在问一句话:如果我没有来到农信,我今天会在干什么,我今天会怎样?农信人确实面临的压力很大,股份制银行的竞争、存贷款规模的考核、不良贷款的清收等指标让大家都透不过气来,在营业部同样如此,那么面对如此环境,我们应该怎么看我们的工作呢?用一个词来讲,就是“珍惜”。其实这个社会上的很多工作都没有我们想象中的那么好,我们有时候觉得公务员挺好的,较为稳定,但是不知道公务员中的艰难的提升之路;我们有时候觉得最生意挺好的,有钱啊,活的很潇洒,很自在,但是不知道做生意的艰辛和困难;我们有时候觉得自己做点什么很好啊,自由自在,无拘无束,没有什么条条框框,想怎么就怎么,很自由,但是我们不知道其中的风险……这其中的种种,都是我们想象不到的困难,在农信工作,虽然有压力,但是也给了我们前进的动力;在农信虽然工作有很多困难,但是我们的农信给了我们种种的培训,给了我们解决问题的方法和学习这些方法的机会,相比之下我们真的应该珍惜眼前这份工作。
总之,要在今后的工作中我们应严格要求自己,努力学习,踏实工作,珍惜现在,为成为团队的优秀一员而努力!
篇2:我国食品安全工作总结
在县委、县政府的高度重视下,在县食安办的精心指导下,我镇积极开展了食品安全整治工作,食品安全工作取得了一定的成效,现将我镇20xx年食品安全工作开展情况总结如下:
一、加强领导,狠抓落实
一是站在保证群众身体安全的高度,充分重视食品安全工作。镇党委、政府将食品安全工作纳入议事日程研究,并将食品安全工作列入目标,作为镇政府重点工作来抓。
二是成立组织,切实加强领导。成立了以党委书记为组长的食品安全工作领导小组,由一名班子成员直接抓,领导小组下设办公室,具体负责食品安全日常工作。真正做到了领导力量到位,人员配备到位,确保食品安全工作按照上级要求有条不紊地进行。
二、健全制度,规范运作
今年以来,我镇先后制定完善了食品安全工作方面的各项制度。同时,镇政府分别与各行政村、社区及相关单位签订了食品安全工作目标责任书,各村(社区)明确了村主任为协管员、社长为信息员,构建食品安全监管网络。通过建立健全各项规章制度,做到有章可循,有据可依,有序而作。
三、加强宣传,营造氛围
一是加大食品安全法宣传。根据我镇实际情况,制定了镇食品安全宣传方案,重点突出了对《食品安全法》的宣传。通过标语、宣传栏、会议等方式开展食品安全宣传活动。利用开展创卫工作,在场镇人口密集的地方悬挂横幅标语并联合相关职能部门发放食品安全宣传资料,提高群众对食品安全的重视和了解。
二是是加强培训。全年对各村协管员和乡村厨师进行了《食品安全法》、非洲猪瘟培训等3次业务的培训,并积极组织相关人员参加县里组织的培训会。会同镇农办、畜牧站对养殖大户进行非洲猪瘟及动物防疫培训。
三是将食品安全知识纳入到学校的健康教育课。辖区各中小学校在课堂上向学生宣讲食品安全小知识和生活小常识,增强学生食品安全意识。
四、开展整治,保障安全
根据县食安办食品安全整治工作要求,结合我镇具体情况,及时制定了各个阶段的食品安全整治工作方案,明确了整治重点、责任分工、工作要求,使整治工作按照要求有步骤开展,全年开展“元旦、春节”、“五一”、“中秋、国庆”等节日专项检查、开展食品安全宣传周活动。
我镇出动宣传车一辆,悬挂横幅2幅、发放宣传材料800余份,通过展览演示,对群众解疑释惑,教授识假辨假方法,普及食品安全法律法规知识。积极配合xx镇市监所检查了xx镇食品超市、餐馆、学校、农家乐等的卫生状况,从业人员的健康证,饭样留存时间、数量,原材料进货来源等逐一询问、检查,并对存在的问题提出整改意见。
全年4次对全镇的饭店、超市、药店、职工食堂等单位安全问题逐一排查,对营业场所卫生条件差的,购物台账和消毒记录不健全的单位,当场下达整改通知书。对证照不齐的,限期整改,无证经营的,停业整顿。全年监管农村群体性聚餐540次,未发生一例群体性食品安全中毒事件。
五、调查摸底,健全档案
对辖区内的食品流通企业、餐饮店、企业食堂、乡村厨师进行调查摸底,造册登记,逐步建立健全档案,全面了解和掌握食品安全情况,为扎实有效开展食品安全工作奠定了基础。
虽然我们在食品安全工作上做了一定的成绩,但还存在着一些问题,与上级的期望和群众的要求还有差距,如办公室人员少,力量有限,一定程度上影响了正常工作的开展,农村群体性聚餐的申报逐年增多,监管经费紧张,但我们会克服一切困难,来年更加努力工作,为xx镇食品安全工作更上一层楼贡献力量。
篇3:读书改变了我国旗下讲话稿_读书改变了我讲话稿
从前我是一个不热爱读书,语文成绩不是很好的小女孩,直到有一天,教师要我们读书,我才肯拿起书来读,最终……
是阅读把我改变了。
我以前是一个,一见到书,就不想碰书,而如今,一见到书,就抱起书来看。让我爱上读书的是杨红樱的《笑猫日记》,你们必须听说过这本书,就是这本书让我爱上了读书。
我无意中翻开了《笑猫日记》这本书,看资料简介就把我吸引住了,然后一页一页的读着,时间也一分一秒的过去了,一下子读了两个小时。这本书如磁石吸引着我,被作者带入书中,去感受书中的欢乐。最终是妈妈叫了我好几声,才把我从书中回到现实,然后在依依不舍的把书放到桌上。
朱熹曾说过:“为学之道,莫先于穷理;穷理之要,必先于读书。”的意思是做学问,最优先的是深入探求规律;要想探求规律,关键还在于读书。指读书与穷理、为学环环相扣。
从书中,我能明白很多历史;从书中,能够让我的作文水平提高;从书中……
书是一位教师,教会我知识;书是我们的父母,让我们改掉许多的坏毛病;书是一位朋友,伴随我们一生。
“读书是学习,摘抄是整理,写作是创造。”是书把我从堕落中拉了回来,我爱读书,我爱写作,我爱语文。
篇4:我国食品安全工作总结
为认真落实、及时做好学校食品卫生安全防治工作,确保师生身心健康,维护正常的教育教学秩序,我校根据西安市《关于认真落实及时做好学校食品卫生安全与传染病防治工作的重要通知》精神,正常有序开展了各项工作,现汇报如下:
一、统一思想,提高认识,切实认识做好学校食品卫生安全工作的重要性。我校在接到文件后,即由校长主持召开班子会议,要求一方面将文件精神传达至每一位教职工,要求广大教职员工从维护广大师生的根本利益和稳定学校大局出发,充分认识和重视学校食品卫生安全与秋季传染病预防和控制工作,另一方面根据实际情况,根据创建国家级卫生城市工作,具体落实措施,落实责任,加强督查和整改,及时做好防治工作。
二、加强领导,落实责任,做好学校食品卫生安全防治工作。 在班子会上,明确校长是第一责任人,分管校长是具体负责人,班主任教师和后勤工作人员要认真配合,积极做好具体工作。
三、采取措施,加强预防,努力防止食物中毒事故的发生和传染病的流行。我校严格按照《学校食堂与学生集体用餐卫生管理规定》和xx市卫生局《关于加强学校传染病预防控制工作的紧急通知》的要求,针对学校的实际,采取具体的预防措施,切实保障师生的身心健康。
1、做好宣传工作。
9月20上午,我校开展“食品安全健康教育”主题活动启动仪式,李校长向师生宣读倡议书,号召全体师生使用健康卫生的食物。
学校成立文明督查小组,每天到校门口督查学生到流动摊点购买不健康食品的行为。成立“不文明行为”随手拍志愿服务队,每天到校门口抓拍校园周边购买不健康食品的不文明行为。在日常生活中为孩子们营造一个干净卫生的环境。
9月21各班开展了 “拒绝垃圾食品,助我健康成长”的主题班会,认识垃圾食品、健康食品,并教育学生做到自觉不买、不吃垃圾食品,不挑食,多吃健康食品。
9月22日各班发放《 “食品安全”自查自纠活动表》,学生以小组讨论的形式,寻找身边不健康的食品、寻找身边的流动摊点、寻找购买不健康食品的同学,在活动中认识了垃圾食品、健康食品、自觉抵制不健康食,并能做到自觉不买、不吃不健康食品、劝阻身边同学不购买不健康食品。
9月23日各班针对“不文明行为”进行点评,并及时总结活动中存在的问题并确定今后活动的方向。
2、加强师生良好卫生习惯的养成与检查督促。要求保持教室、教师办公室、食堂的通风,大力增加教师、学生的户外活动,要求师生注意卫生,勤洗手,尽量少到人源较杂的地方去。
3、加强消毒措施。食堂的炊具、餐具每天消毒;放学后,对教室等学生聚集场所进行漂白粉消毒液拖地,门把手、课桌椅、护栏等易接触到的地方用漂白粉消毒液擦拭。
大力开展我校大环境的整治,做到无死角。加强学校的卫生工作力度,将此项工作列为近期的重点工作来抓,抓措施、抓成效,做到常抓不懈,警钟长鸣,安全第一,预防为主。
篇5:出国介绍信称呼
进出口公司:
我叫徐,大学国际贸易系xx级本科毕业生,中*员。
四年大学苦读,我在德智体各方面都取得了较全面的发展,学习成绩一直在年级前三名,综合积分专业排名第一。通过浙江省计算机二级等级考试,x年通过全国大学英语六级等级考试,具有良好的英语写作与会话能力。连续四年获得省优秀三好学生称号。
大学四年来,我先后担任国际贸易95(1)班班长、系学生会主席、校《学生通讯》主编,承办校园十大青年歌手、月光书会等多项校园活动,业余时间我特别注重计算机能力培养,选修、自学了各类计算机课程。能熟练运用C++语言、FORTRAN语言、VEP50数据库语言、WINDOWS98等操作。
x年暑假实习期间,参与公司对俄罗斯畜产品贸易谈判工作,获得实习单位的好评。
贵公司从事国际贸易,正是我向往的工作单位,如果能到贵公司工作,我相信我的工作能力一定不会让你们失望,我一定会珍惜这一难得的机会,努力作出自己的贡献。
xx年x月x日
篇6:办公室称呼的礼仪_职场礼仪_网
很多人都曾经为称呼困扰,尤其是职场新人,谓“新人一出口,便知有没有”,冒冒失失、没大没小的职员,在职场上是不会受欢迎的。职场上,尤其是在工作场合办公室,你对别人的称呼,能表达出你心里是否对人尊重。人们很在意你心里是否有他,而称呼能表明你的心里是怎么想的,言为心声嘛。下面第一范文网小编就为大家整理了关于办公室称呼礼仪,希望能够帮到你哦!
办公室称呼礼仪
办公室称呼的学问
职场新人怎么称呼老人
晓玲进入单位的第一天,领导带她认识部门新同事时,她非常恭敬地称对方为老师,不少同事欣然接受。
当领导带她来到一个女同事前,告诉晓玲将跟着这位女同事先试用时,晓玲更加恭敬地叫人家一声老师。这位女同事连忙摇头:“大家同事,你可别叫我老师,直接叫我名字就可以了。”晓玲觉得叫姓名不尊重,叫老师对方可能又觉得生疏。
新人刚到单位,要先问问同事或者留心听听别人怎么称呼,不要冒冒失失随便按照自己的想当然来称呼对方。如果实在不清楚该怎么称呼,第一次也可以客气地咨询说:“对不起先生,我是新来的,不知道我该怎么称呼您?”不知者不怪,一般对方就会把通常同事对他的称呼告诉你。
对方要求您直呼其名,你作为一个新人,最好不要那样叫。礼多人不怪,即便是生疏一点,也总比不尊重对方“自来熟”要好,因为让你直呼其名完全有可能是对方的客套。而且,在职场上,过分地表现亲昵不值得提倡。亲昵,可以在下班后的非正式场合。
此外,你在称呼上得体,也是给旁边的人做了个榜样。在别人面前给对方面子、尊重对方,对方会觉得你很职业。这样的人,容易得到提升。很多人莫名其妙地断送前程,追起根来可能就在称呼不讲究,而这些看起来是“小节”,实则不然——称呼礼节正是一个人的修养、情感、智商的完全表现。
适当的称呼有多难中国作为礼仪之邦,而职场称呼作为一种相互之间交往的礼节,也越来越引起人们的关注。正是因为礼数多,不能小视,称呼的难度随之加大。
同事和上司是职场环境的重要组成部分,而不同的职场称呼则可以反映出职场关系的亲疏、职场环境的优劣,甚至可以从中大致了解一家公司的企业文化和人际关系现状。在政府机关、企业单位,等级比较森严,如何艺术地显示对方的职位等级非常重要;而在民营企业刻板地叫对方某某“总”,在报社尊称对方某某 “编”而让对方感觉要么不够亲密,要么太过讥诮。
职场中如何称呼女性
时代的变化,使得人与人之间的称呼也悄悄跟着变化。现在如果谁还在不适当的场合,把女孩子叫做小姐,把女士叫做大姐,很可能会招来白眼。因此,为避免“病从口入”,确实需要好好琢磨琢磨。职场中称呼女性,也要抛开男尊女卑的思想,在一些新兴企业,同事关系比较轻松,可以直呼其名。在相熟的同事之间,私下里用些昵称,可以润滑紧张的人际关系。但是公司以外的工作场合,而要非常恭敬地称对方的姓氏加职位,这样才能把你们在本单位的职位,承担什么责任等信息传递给对方。
职场建议刚去单位最好多动笔
进入单位的第一天,和本部门的同事认识后,领导带着员工去办公室其他部门见同事,感觉像在“巡回演出”,一般还会去其他部门见同事,“巡回演出”,仅仅凭脑袋不可能一下子记住所有人的名字、职位,那么日后会不会搞错呢?不妨随身携带一个小记事本,大体记下一些同事的姓名,在后面加上长相特征、所负责的工作等注解,总之公司同事之间的称呼都有惯例,我们新人最好多向老员工请教,才不至于因称呼不当引起反感。
篇7:我国商业银行信贷风险及其审计对策本科开题报告_开题报告_网
论文题目:我国商业银行信贷风险及其审计对策
论文语种:中文
您的研究方向:审计
是否有数据处理要求:否
您的国家:中国
您的学校背景:国内一般重点大学
要求字数:10000
论文用途:本科毕业论文 bachelor degree
是否需要盲审(博士或硕士生有这个需要):否
补充要求和说明:参考文献不少于2本著作和10篇论文,其中至少有1篇外文文献,另文中引文应用是标注来源,作者等
我国商业银行信贷风险及其审计对策开题报告
1.研究背景
纵观经济发展历程,商业银行在金融市场中发挥重要的作用,也是国家经济体系中重要的金融机构,并且成为国家整个经济的枢纽,商业银行的经营状况将关系到整个经济状况,而银行经营主要是风险的经营,其作为专门经营风险的机构,将面临巨大的经营风险。
2.能遇到的困难及解决措施
本文主要研究我国商业银行信贷风险及审计对策。由于涉及一些事务性的资料,需要从我国商业银行获取,而这些资料也是商业银行重要的资料,所以有可能会面临一些困难去获取一些相关资料、数据等。为此,我会去中国一些商业银行进行调研,访问相关专家和学者,查找相关文献等,获取相应的信息和资料。
参考文献
[1]renneth.spon. banking lts purpose: regulation implementation, and effects[m],.
[2]冯懃,章科燕.国有商业银行不良资产问题的探究—构建股权激励制度[j].北方经济,(2).
[3]李金玲.论我国商业银行信贷风险产生的原因及对策[j].现代商业,(3).
[4]李雷卡。我国商业银行信贷风险内部控制评价研究。湖南大学硕士毕业论文,.
[5]刘胜军,王琨.商业银行信贷风险管理[j].商业经济,(7).
[6]马博.商业银行信贷风险浅议[j].现代经济信息,(3).
[7]石露。我国商业银行信贷风险及其审计对策。现代经济信息。.1.
[8]石小军。《商业银行信用风险管理研究—模型与实证》[m],人民邮电出版社,XX年1月。
篇8:我国肉鸡产业发展问题调研报告_调研报告_网
我国肉鸡产业发展问题调研报告
经过二十多年的快速发展,目前我国已是世界第二大禽肉生产国。然而,与此地位不相符合的是我国禽肉出口量仅为生产量的3%左右,典型的生产上的“巨人”和出口上的“矮子”。美国、荷兰、土耳其、澳大利亚等国饲料原料价格较低,设备先进,大规模饲养成本比我国低20%~30%。1996年,欧盟禁止我国禽肉产品进入其市场,使我国失去了欧盟市场3~4万吨的冻鸡产品份额;而日本也一再对中国肉鸡采取歧视性采样检查,以限制中国廉价肉鸡对其国内的冲击。我国肉鸡产品的年增长率从1996年的14%陡降为XX年的4%,预计再有10~15年的时间,中国家禽业便可全部与世界接轨,而肉鸡业首当其冲;肉鸡业显然面临极大的挑战,肉鸡生产中的许多问题亟待解决。
1肉鸡品种、品质
我国肉鸡生产量虽居世界第二位,但主品种多为“舶来”的快大型白羽肉鸡如艾维茵、双a
等,中国本地品种较少。在白羽肉鸡育种、饲养生产等方面,我国与世界先进国家相比弱势明显,表现在生产成本过高和鸡肉的安全性等方面。随着我国加入wto,进口关税的大幅削减,外国廉价鸡肉势必大量涌入,给国内的快大型白羽肉鸡生产造成更大压力。
2饲养管理水平低
我国的肉鸡养殖基地主要在农村,因此,饲养的基本条件、饲养管理技术和人员素质与发达国
家相比差距较大。肉鸡是在特定的条件下定向培育成的快速生长型禽类,要求在高度集约化生产状态下进行养殖。所以,在肉鸡生产中必须要人为地为其创造良性的生态环境,满足生长发育的需要。但我国农村肉鸡生产中,缺乏合理而又规范化建筑的鸡舍,没有良好的隔热材料,缺乏降温系统,缺乏机械通风设施等。这些都是造成鸡舍高温、高湿、空气不流通,而导致疫病发生的原因,直接影响到肉鸡的品质。另外饲养管理缺乏规范化的技术措施,如消毒程序和消毒方法、空气净化、限制饲养和光照程序等往往不能正确执行,有些养殖户随意操作,构成对鸡群健康的威胁,造成较高的发病率。这些都是鸡体携带诸多病原微生物的主要原因。
3药残超标
当前我国鸡肉出口受阻的关键问题之一是药物残留超标或含违禁药物。由于肉鸡饲养周期短、密度大、发病率高,在饲养过程中不得不使用大量抗生素预防疾病,这导致我国鸡肉药残事件屡屡发生,降低了我国鸡肉在国际市场的信誉。这主要是源于我国政府部门对这一问题的源头———兽药生产、经营企业的管理监督不力所致。我国现有多家兽药生产企业,良莠不齐,而美国仅有1000多家,且均达到gmp标准。
4疫病种类多
中国肉禽业受沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌、新城疫等诸多疫病困扰,而且我国养鸡行业几乎每两年新增一种疾病。而农村养鸡户在疫苗的选择、使用、保藏上不加注意,往往造成免疫失败,更加重了疫病的流行。诸多疫病的广泛流行以及农村养鸡户自身知识所限,导致治疗及时,使中国肉鸡业经济损失巨大。此外,也为中国鸡肉的出口造成障碍
篇9:古代文学的开题报告范文_开题报告_网
一、网络穿越小说的写作与研究现状、选题依据
20xx年和20xx年在网络中被称为“穿越年”,这两年中层出不穷的穿越小说涌入人们的视线。而这些穿越的作者大都是80,90后的年轻人。穿越小说在网络上大行其道的现象引起了研究者的注意。中国最早的穿越小说可以追溯到魏晋南北朝时期。南朝.宋刘义庆《幽明录》中“刘阮遇仙”就是一例。此外,齐梁时期 吴均《续齐谐记》“刘阮洞记”、南朝.齐祖冲之《述异记》“王质烂柯”都是讲穿越的故事。近代此类小说有吴研人的《新石头记》和陈冷的《新西游记》也是穿越类型的小说。叙述古代人穿越到现代,并引发的一系列故事。但是,现在网络流行的穿越小说大都是现代人穿越到了古代,引发的一连串悲喜交加的故事。
当代中国台湾作家席绢19xx年出版的《交错时光的爱恋》对当今网络穿越小说的创作影响极大。在她的启发下,穿越小说就如雨后春笋包围着我们。其中知名的如:《宫》、《步步惊心》、《绾青丝》、《跨越见年来爱你》、《若相惜》、《潇然梦》、《歌尽桃花》等。在文学研究中,穿越小说并不是热点,但也有不少研究问世。如:《网络穿越小说的流行及价值局限》、《网络穿越小说的审美特色》、《网络穿越小说热潮原因解析》、《欲望的伪装——架空历史小说欲望叙事》、《捧喝穿越小说:谁在扼杀历史写作》、《穿越时空编制现代女性白日梦》、《穿越小说及其社会文化心理》、《从穿越小说看网络类小说的传播动力要素》等。这些研究分别从网穿小说的流行价值、审美特色、热潮原因、作者欲望、模式特点、传播要素等发面对穿越小说蹿红原因、未来发展、社会心理等问题进行了探讨和论述。提出了穿越小说在当代网络文学中是一朵奇葩,绽放着属于它自己的光辉。以独特的写作模式,大胆创新,满足了很多女性读者的理想爱情向往。同时,在网络上闯出一片天地的穿越小说,开始进军大荧幕,不断出现在电视和电影中等观点。为人们认识穿越小说作了很好的铺垫。对于穿越小说大量饮用诗词的现象也有研究,如《从古典诗词中看古代闺阁女性的娱乐活动》、《网络时代诗意如何栖居》,但集中针对唐诗宋词频现与穿越小说进行探讨的并不多见。
二、研究网络穿越小说引用古诗词的目的和意义
(一)研究网络穿越小说引用古诗词的目的
电脑应用技术和网络的普及使许多人实现了作家梦,创作出大量文学作品在网络上传播。阅读并接受网络文学作品的人也越来越多,网络文学作品的写作也呈题材多样化。本论文以网络穿越小说中古典诗词的运用为研究中心,意在引导考察当今通过网络及电脑技术而发展起来的转型写作模式中,大量古典诗词被引入作品,用来塑造人物或营造氛围的现象。引导人们关注社会现实中的文学现象,并得出对社会文化有一定指导意义的结论。
(二)研究网络穿越小说中古诗词的意义
1、关注文学创作中的热点现象。
21世纪的文学创作已从书本的写作演变到网络的敲打。因而网络文学作品逐渐被大众接受,尤其以独特新颖模式崭露头角的网络穿越小说更是成为了大家追捧的热点。各大小说网站上都相应出现网穿的身影,并以每天更新的速度吸引读者的阅读。还有很多经典的穿越小说被改编成为电视剧或电影,以此可以发现网穿的流行现象甚广。
2、揭示文学创作中“古为今用”的规律。
当代网络穿越小说在在相当多的作品中表现出频繁引用古代诗词的特点。其中,唐诗宋词的引用表现得极为突出。如:《山居秋暝》(《木槿花西月锦绣》);《春园即事》、《画》(《绾青丝》);《使至塞上》(《第一皇妃》)《秋兴八首》(《绾青丝》);《望岳》(《潇然梦》);[蝶恋花](伫倚危楼风细细)(《此心无垠》);[雨霖铃](寒蝉凄切)(《凤求凰》);[定风波](自春来、惨绿愁红)(《穿越时空之错爱唐朝》)等。
3、展现古代文学经典作品的魅力。
唐诗宋词是中国文学史上的两颗明珠,唐代被称为诗的时代,宋代被称为词的时代。唐代写诗吟诗蔚然成风,诞生了李白、杜甫、王维、白居易、韩愈等独具艺术风格、且成就卓著的诗坛大家,留下了许多家喻户晓、妇幼皆知的名篇佳句,使唐诗在漫长的诗歌发展史中独领风骚。宋词也是我国古代文学史辉煌灿烂的一笔,出现了很多有名的词手,如:苏轼、柳永、李清照、辛弃疾等。他们的词风格独特,都具有诗人鲜明的性格特点。直至21世纪的今天,唐诗宋词仍然在人们的生活中占据重要地位。无论在教育系统还是流行音乐中,我们都能看到唐诗宋词的身影。
4、探讨文学创作的社会心理。
网穿作者大多为都市女性写手,她们想要在异时空追求完美的爱情,满足她们在现代不可能的梦想以在心灵上的慰藉。同时,她们又多是受过良好教育,善于将唐诗宋词与新颖的穿越小说相融合。她们通过创作来满足幻想,达到对美好生活的追求。但也因创作的随意性及作者个人文化的不足,出现乱引乱用的现象,为古典文化在当今的正确传承带来危害。
篇10:怎么写比较独特的自我评价
毛泽东评价关羽:关云长大体上是不懂统一战线的,这个人并不高明,对待同盟军搞关门主义,不讲政策。关羽大意失荆州,兵败身死。总结起来就是六个字——不懂统一战线。
诸葛亮当初离开荆州前往成都协助刘备入川,一再交代关羽:东和孙权,北拒曹操。襄樊之战前夕,孙权其实在帮曹操还是帮关羽上左右摇摆,踌躇不定。于是孙权派诸葛瑾为媒为自己的儿子向关羽的女儿求婚,两家结秦晋之好,共同对付曹操。关羽不仅拒绝和亲,而且大骂孙权:吾虎女安可嫁汝犬子乎!
孙权贵为一方诸侯,关羽居然骂他是狗,孙权不要面子的吗?于是委派吕蒙为都督,袭击荆州,孙权亲率大军接应。关羽刚愎自用,骄傲自恃,完全没有意识到联合东吴的重要性。破坏孙刘联合抗曹的统一战线,关羽难辞其咎,以致于后来被孙权擒获,劝降无果之下与儿子关平一同被斩杀。
关羽败走麦城,得不到上庸兵的支援,世人皆怪刘封和孟达葬送了关羽的性命,实际上是关羽自取其祸。
篇11:关于市小学生入学年龄情况的调研报告_情况汇报_网
关于xx市小学生入学年龄情况的调研报告
XX年7月20日至7月26日,我在xx市二街小学、南关小学、东关小学三家小学以教务人员和学生为调查为对象,进行了小学生入学年龄情况的调查。
一、社会调研过程简述
1、目的和意义
社会主义精神文明是社会主义社会的重要特征。社会主义精神文明建设是我国特色社会主义建设的重要组成部分。我国在建设高度物质文明的同时,努力建设高度的社会主义精神文明。这是我国建设社会主义的一个战略方针
学校教育是个人一生中所受教育最重要组成部分,个人在学校里接受计划性的指导,系统地学习文化知识、社会规范、道德准则和价值观念。学校教育从某种意义上讲,决定着个人社会化的水平和性质,是个体社会化的重要基地。知识经济时代要求社会尊师重教,学校教育越来越受重视,在社会中起到举足轻重的作用。而小学生作为祖国的花朵更应该受到更多的关注。小学生入学年龄及其包学习班情况的变化,在很大程度上能够反映出我国近20年的精神文明建设所取得的成果。
2、取样方式:
这次调研我主要采用了问卷调查法和访谈法。
3、调研程序:
(1)准备时间:XX年7月19日,上网收集我国近年来精神文明建设资料。
(2)调查过程:
7月20日,在xx市二街小学向教务人员及学生做问卷调查。
7月21日,在xx市南关小学向教务人员及学生做问卷调查。
7月22日,在xx市东关小学向教务人员及学生做问卷调查。
(3)调研汇总:XX年7月25日至XX年7月26日,将收集的问卷整理并统计,整理采访记录。
(4)撰写报告:XX年7月27日至31日,根据调研所得资料和网络资料撰写报告。
二、社会调研结果与分析
1、问卷数据统计
我这次调研共收集问卷46张。其中xx市二街小学10张,xx市南关小学21张,xx市东关15张。
(1)xx市二街小学:
60%的小学生6周岁入学,30%的小学生7周岁入学,10%的小学生5周岁入学;
有xx市区常住户口的家长,给孩子报名时需提供户口簿、房屋所有权证、父母身份证、《计划免疫保偿证》或《预防接种卡》。程序相对简单,而且住校距离相对较近父母比较放心,所以5/6周岁上学的小学生90%是本地人。二街小学中外地户口的小学生占70%,外来务工人员子女在郑州上学,需提供“六证”:户籍所在地的户口簿、父母身份证、xx市居住证、父母一方与用人单位签订并经劳动保障部门鉴证备案的劳动合同或工商行政部门颁发的营业执照,以及户口所在地乡(镇)人民政府或县(市)以上教育行政部门出具的准予在就读证明以及免疫卡等。流程有少许麻烦,所以7岁入学的学生中80%是外地户口的小学生。(2)xx市南关小学:
70%的小学生6周岁入学,5%的小学生7周岁入学,25%的小学生5周岁入学。
因为南关小学外来人口数量相对于二街小学较少,所以80%的小学生正常年龄入学。但是因为南关村的村名自己开厂的比较多家里比较有钱,对孩子的照顾不是很在心所以有部分小学生7周岁上学,很少的小学生5周岁上学。
(3)xx市东关小学:
相对二街小学和南关小学,东关小学的小学生上学普遍较早,绝大部分的学生都是正常年龄6周岁入学;也有部分小学生是5周岁入学。而7周岁入学的小学生基本没有。本人感觉原因一:东关村外来人口较少,绝大部分村名是本村户口。所以都是正常年龄上学。原因二:东关村民工作部分经商部分有自己的企业和厂子。工作相对稳定而且对后代的教育比较重视。
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篇12:称呼他人之礼仪_职场礼仪_网
称呼他人为一门极为重要的事情,若称呼的不妥当则很容易让他人产生立即的反感,甚至嫉恨在心久久无法释怀。
认识之人:对于自己已经认识的人多以mr. ms.或mrs.等加在姓氏之前称呼,如mr. chang, ms. tsing, mrs. huang等,千万不可以用名代姓.
例如说美国国父乔治?华盛顿,人们一定称之为华盛顿总统、华盛顿先生,因为这是他的姓,如果称他为乔治先生,保证震惊全场,因为只有以前的黑奴才会如此称呼主人的,此点国人都常常弄不清楚,所以也让别人惊异连连。
重要人士:对于重要人物最好加上他的头衔,如校长、大使、参议员、教授…等,以示尊重,当然也如前述是以头衔之后加上其人之全名或姓氏称呼之,千万也别接上名字。
一般而言有三种人在名片上和头衔上是终身适用的,这三种人是:大使ambassador、博士doctor以及公侯伯子男皇室贵族爵位。在称呼他们时一定要加头衔,否则表示十分不敬,甚至视为羞辱,务必谨慎小心。
不认识之人:可以mr. madam称呼之,国人有不少一见外国人就称为"sir",这是不对的,只有对看起来明显十分年长者或是虽不知其姓名但显然是十分重要的人士方才适用之,当然面对正在执行公务的官员、警员等也可以sir称呼以表尊敬。而相对于女士则一律以madam称呼之,不论她是否已婚。
对于年青人:可以称之为young man,年青女孩则称为young lady,小孩子可以昵称为kid(s),较礼貌地称之为young master,在此master并非主人之意,有点类似国语的「小王子」之类的称呼法。
篇13:我国景点英文版导游词_导游词范文_网
下面几篇范文是我国的景点英文版导游词,感兴趣的不妨看看怎么写吧,欢迎阅读借鉴,希望你们喜欢。
北京故宫博物院英文导游词
hello, everyone,
we are now going to pay a visit to a place of special interest. this scenic spot is located at the center of beijing and is characterized by thousands of palatial architectures and purple walls as well as yellow glazed tile roofs- it is simply a sea of palaces. this is the world – famous wonder – the palace museum.
the palace museum has served as the royal residence during the ming and qing dynasties. it was here that a total of 24 monarchs ascended the throne and wielded power for some 500 years. the palace museum, as the most beautiful spot of interest throughout beijing, is unique for its location: to the northwest is beihai(north sea) park, famous for its white pagoda and rippling lake; to the west is the zhongnahai (central and south sea); to the east lies the the wangfujing shopping street; and to the north id jinshan park. standing in the wanchun (everlasting spring) pavilion at the top of jingshan(charcoal hill) park, you overlook the skyline of the palace museum. at the southern end of the palace is tian` anmen (gate of heavenly peace) and the famous square named after it . this is the symbol of the people` s republic of china.
a world-famous historical site, the palace museum is on the world heritage list of unesco and is an embodiment of oriental civilization.
the palace museum is rectangular in shape, 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meters wide from east to west, covering a space of 720,000 square meters of which 150,000 is building area . it has 9000-strong rooms in it . according to legend there are 9999.5 room-units in all .the whole compound is enclosed by a 10-meter-hign wall and is accessed through four entrances, namely, the meridian gate in the south ,the gate of military prowess in the north, donghua(eastern flowery ) gate in the north, donghua ( eastern flowery) gate in the east and xihua(western flowery ) gate in the west. on each corner there is a turret consisted of 9 roof beams, 18 pillars and 72 ridge . encircling the compound there is a 3,800-meter-long and 52 meter-wide moat, making the palace museum a self-defensive city-within-a city.
the palace museum was made a center of rule during the ming dynasty by zhun di, the fourth son of the founding emperor zhuyuanzhang. the whole complex straddles on an 8-kilometers-long central axis that stretches from yongding (forever stable) gate in the south to gulou (drum tower) in the north. prominence was given to the royal power by putting the “three main front halls” and “three back halls ”on the axis while arrange other subsidiary structure around them .the construction of the palace museum involved manpower and resources across china. for example, the bricks laid in the halls ,known as “gold brick, ” underwent complex, two –dozen processes. as the final touch ,the fired bricks were dipped in chinese wood oil. involving complicated processes and high cost, these brick are called “golden bricks.” the palace museum serves as a living embodiment of good tradition and styles unique to china` s ancient architecture. it reflects to the full the ingenuity and creativity of the chinese working people. a carefully preserved and complete group of royal residences, the palace museum is a prominent historical and tourist site.
what we are now approaching is the main entrance to the palace museum-the meridian gate, which is characterized by red walls, yellow glazed –tile roofs and upturned eaves. on top of this walls, yellow glazed-tile roofs and upturned eaves. on top of this magnificent building ,there stand five lofty halls with a main hall in the center. the main hall is roofed by multiple eaves and covers a space of 9 room-units. it is flanked by two wings on each side .the wings are square in shape ,complete with multiple and four edged eaves and pinnacles. all of these structures are connected by a colonnade. because these halls resemble a soaring bird, it was also know as wufenglou (five-phoenix tower) . inside the main hall there is a throne. drums and bells were stored in the wings. whenever the emperor presided over grand ceremonies or observed rites in the hall of upreme harmony, drums, bells and gongs would be struck to mark the occasion.
as the legend goes, the meridian gate used to be a place where condemned ranking officials would be executed. this not true. however, flogging was carried out here by the ming emperors ,if a courtier falls afoul of the emperor, he would be stripped of his court dress and flogging with a stick .at one point the punishment became so harsh that a total of 11 people died from fatal wound on a single occasion .on the other hand, this building was also used to observe important occasions like the traditional chinese lantern festival (15th day of the first lunar month). on these occasions, chinese lanterns would be hanged and sumptuous banquets would be given in honour of the whole court of ministers and other ranking officials.
upon entering the meridian gate we began our tour of the palace museum. the river foowing in front of us is known as jin shui he (golden water river) and the five marbles bridges spanning it are known as the inner golden water bridges. the on in the middle was used exclusive by the emperor and its banisters were carved with dragon and phoenix designs. the bridges flanking the imperial one were reserved for princes and other royal members. the rest were used by palatines. aside from decoration, the golden water river was also dug as precaution against fire. most of the structures within the palace museum are made of wood. what is more ,according to ancient chinese cosmology, the south is the abode of fire, so this brook was dug on the southern tip of the palace. in this way, the palace museum reflects traditional chinese culture.
this building is called the gate of supreme harmony .in the foreground stand two bronze lions. can anybody tell which is male and which is female? the one on the east playing with a ball is male, symbolizing power and universal unity. the other on the west with a cub cuddling underneath its claw is female? the one on the east playing with a ball is male, symbolizing power and universal unity. the other on the west with a cub cuddling underneath its claw is female, representing prosperity the endless succession. a layout of the palace museum is posted by the entrance . from it ,you can see that the palace museum has two main parts: the forecourt and the inner court. the three main halls constitute the mainstay of the forecourt, and it was here that the emperor announced decisions and observed rites. behind the forecourt there is the inner court, consisting of major halls and the imperial garden .it was where the emperor attended state affairs, lived and enjoyed his luxurious life. the exhibition system of the palace museum involves historical court relics and articles of ancient art and culture. the palace museum houses nearly one million articles of rare treasure, or one sixth of the total number in all of china `s museums. there are the three main halls of the palace museum, built on a triple marble terrace . since most of china `s architecture is made of wood, the buildings cannot be too tall. to gain the height of the architecture, ingenious ancient artisans built the hall on a gigantic stone terrace .it is also to this end that not a single plant was grown in the square. on stairways of triple marble terrace there are 18 bronze tripods .the verandah is flanked by bronze tortoises and cranes, which served as symbols of longevity .on the east is a sundial, an ancient timepiece. on the west there is a grain measure suggesting that the emperor was just and equitable.
in the front and on each flank ,there is a pair of gilt bronze vats (caldrons ) molded during the reign of emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty .each of these weights 2 tons and is filled with water as a precaution in the event of a fire .the structure in the very middle is the hall of supreme harmony ,also known as the throne hall. it is 64 meters in width and is 38 meters from entrance to rear. with terrace exclusive ,the hall is 26.92 meters in height and is 35.03 meters in all .covering and areaof 2,377 square meters, the hall of supreme harmony is china` s largest exiting wooden structure. the hall is supported by 6 thick ,round pillars carved in a design of coiling dragons. as the holiest place in the hall, the ceiling and colored patterns were made of the finest material available at that time. the throne was placed on a terrace and is flanked by statues of elephants, luduan (a unicorn which could travel 18,000 kilometers a day and understand all languages), cranes and incense barrels .over the throne there is the caisson ,or covered ceiling ,which consists of a coiling dragon playing with a ball in its mouth .this ball is known as xuanyuan mirror ,and was supposedly made by a chinese emperor of remote times to serve as a reminder that thee rulers to follow were his hereditary heirs. the throne is made of nanmu and painted in gold .magnificently built and luxuriously decorated ,this hall did not serve as a place in which the emperor attended to daily affairs. he used his hall for major events such as his birthday, conferral of title of empress or dispatch of generals to war.
behind the hall of supreme harmony ,there sits the hall of complete harmony. this structure is square in shape .each side is 24.15 meters. this was the place where the emperor relaxed and greeted his courtiers before proceeding to the hall of supreme harmony to observe rites. this was also the place where the emperor prepared prayers or examined seeds and sowers bef ore he attended ancestral sacrifices or participated in snowing ceremonies. a grand ceremony was also held here once every 10 years for the emperor to genealogize the royal blood. there are two sedan chairs on display in the hall. behind the hall of complete harmony ,you will see the hall of preserving harmony, which was used as a place where imperial examinations were held. the imperial examination was the hignest level of competing for meritorious appointment under the feudal system dating back to the sui dynasty. china` s last imperial examination was held in 1904 during the reign of emperor guangxu of the qing dynasty. to the rear of hall there is a marble ramp carved with cloud and dragon designs, the largest of its kind in the whole country . it is 16.57 meters in length, 3.07 meters in width, 1.7 meters thick and weighs 250 tons. it was quarried in fangshan county in suburban beijing. to bring this giant piece of stone to beijing people poured water onto the road and applied rolling blocks during the process.
we are now standing before the square of the hall of heaven purity. it served as a divide separating the forecourt from the inner court .this building is known as the gate of heavenly purity. emperor qianlong held court here. proceeding further north ,you can find three main rear halls ,i.e. the hall of heavenly purity. the hall of union and peace and palace of earthly tranquility. the hall of heavenly purity if flanked on either side by two gates named after the sun and moon .inside the enclosure there are 12 palaces and halls symbolizing constellations. all of the other buildings are centered around the palace of heavenly purity , which was meant to suggest that the monarch` s power was endowed by heaven. the empress and concubines lived in the inner court.
the hall of heavenly purity was where the emperor lived and attended to daily affairs. later the emperor moved to live in the palace of mental cultivation. looking up you can see a plaque bearing the chinese inscription “be open and above-board,” a manifesto to court struggle .behind the plaque a strongbox was stored containing a will bearing the name of the would –be royal successor. this approach of secretly selecting the next emperor was adopted by emperor yongzheng of the qing dynasty. two copies of the will were prepared .one was stashed by the emperor in person ,the other was placed inside the strong box behind the plaque. after the death of the emperor, the two copies would be compared and successor would be announced. it was in this way that emperor qianglong and others have ascended the throne.
behind the hall of heavenly purity you will see the hall of union and peace , which is indentical to the hall of complete harmony. it was there that the emperor received congratulations and tributes from imperial officials on major calender occasions , a total of 25 imperial seals are stored there. in the hall, you will see a plaque with the handwritten inscription of “we wei,” exhorting taoist doctrines.
further northward is the palace of earthly tranquillity, which once served as the living room of the empresses` . the hall was later converted into a sacrificial place .through the windowpanes on the eastern wall you can see the royal bed decorated with dragon and phoenix designs. this hall has also served as the bridal chamber of monarchs.
the gate of earthly tranquilliity leads to the imperial garden (known to westerners as qianlong` s garden ),which was used by the emperor ,the empress, and the concubines. a magnificent structure stands in the middle. it is called the qin `s an (imperial peace) hall. it is the only building in the palace museum that was built in taoist style. it served as a shrine to the taoist deity. the garden covers a space of 12,000 square meters ,and is 130 meters from east to the west and some 90 meters from north to the south. there are a dozen halls, verandahs, pavilions and waterside houses in the garden . on each of the fur corner there is a pavilion dedicated to the four seasons which is different in construction style and shape. the garden also features an imperial landscape. with rare trees and exotic rockery, the imperial garden served as a model for china` s imperial parks .in all ,a total of 10-strong building styles were applied.
the tall building we are now passing is the gate of military prowess, the back door of the palace museum. our visit is now drawing to a conclusion but the architectures of the palace are not . on the other side of the road is the 43-meter-hign charcoal hill , providing natural protection for the forbidden city. this was also an embodiment of china` s construction style-putting a pool in the front and a hill in the rear. now let` s climb up to wanchun (everlasting springs ) pavillion where we` ll have a great view of the palace museum.
北京天安门英文导游词
Tian’anmen( the Gate of Heavenly Peace), is located in the center of Beijing. It was first built in 1417 and named Chengtianmen( the Gate of Heavenly Succession). At the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was seriously damaged by war. When it was rebuilt under the Qing in 1651, it was renamed Tian’anmen, and served as the main entrance to the Imperial City, the administrative and residential quarters for court officials and retainers. The southern sections of the Imperial City wall still stand on both sides of the Gate. The tower at the top of the gate is nine-room wide and five –room deep. According to the Book of Changes, the two numbers nine and five, when combined, symbolize the supreme status of a sovereign.
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Tian’anmen was the place where state ceremonies took place. The most important one of them was the issuing of imperial edicts, which followed these steps:
1) The Minister of Rites would receive the edict in Taihedian( Hall of Supreme Harmony), where the Emperor was holding his court. The minister would then carry the decree on a yunpan( tray of cloud), and withdraw from the hall via Taihemen( Gate of supreme Harmony)
2) The Minister would put the tray in a miniature longting( dragon pavilion). Beneath a yellow umbrella and carry it via Wumen( Meridian Gate), to Tian’anmen Gate tower.
3) A courtier would be invested to proclaim the edict. The civil and military officials lining both sides of the gateway beneath the tower would prostrate themselves in the direction of the emperor in waiting for the decree to the proclaimed.
4) The courtier would then put the edict in a phoenix-shaped wooden box and lower it from the tower by means of a silk cord. The document would finally be carried in a similar tray of cloud under a yellow umbrella to the Ministry of Rites.
5) The edict, copied on yellow paper, would be made known to the whole country.
Such a process was historically recorded as “ Imperial Edict Issued by Golden Phoenix”.
During the Ming and Qing dynasties Tian’anmen was the most important passage. It was this gate that the Emperor and his retinue would go through on their way to the altars for ritual and religious activities.
On the Westside of Tian’anmen stands ZhongshanPark( Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Park), and on the east side, the Working People’s Cultural Palave. The Park was formerly called Shejitan( Altar of Land and Grain), built in 1420 for offering sacrificial items to the God of Land. It was opened to the public as a park in 1914 and its name was changed in 1928 to the present one in memory of the great pioneer of the Chinese Democratic Revolution.
The Working People’s Cultural Palace used to be Taimiao( the Supreme Ancestral Temple), where tablets of the deceased dynastic rulers were kept.
The stream in front of Tian’anmen is called Waijinshuihe( Outer Golden River),with seven marble bridges spanning over it . Of these seven bridges,historical records say the middle one was for the exclusive use of the emperor and was accordingly called Yuluqiao( Imperial Bridge). The bridges flanking it on either side were meant for the members of the royal family and were therefore called Wanggongqiao( Royal’s Bridges). Farther away on each side of the two were bridges for officials ranking above the third order and were named Pinjiqiao( ministerial Bridges). The remaining two bridges were for the use by the retinue below the third order and wre called Gongshengqiao( common Bridges). They anr the one in front of the Supreme Ancestral Temple to the east and the one in front of the Altar of land and Grain to the west.
The two stone lions by the Gate of Tian’anmen, one on each side were meant as sentries. They gaze toward the middle axis, guarding the emperor’s walkway. In front of the gate stands a pair of marble columns called Huabiao. They are elaborately cut in bas-relief following the pattern of a legendary dragon. Behind the gate stands another pair of similar columns. The story of Huabiao may be traced to a couple of sources. One of the versions accredits its invention to one of the Chinese sage kings named Yao, who was said to have set up a wooden pillar in order to allow the ordinary people to expose evil-doers, hence it was originally called a slander pillar. Later it ws reduced to a signpost, and now it serves as an ornament.
The beast sitting on the top of the column is called” hou”, a legendary animal, which is said to have been a watcher of an emperor’s behaviour. He was doing such duties as warning the emperor against staying too long outside the palace or indulging in pleasure and urging him to go to the people for their complaints or return in due time. Therefore, the two pairs of beasts were given the names” Wangjunhui”( Expecting the emperor’s coming back) and “ wangjunchu”( Expecting the emperor’s going out) respectinvely.
In the old days, Tian’anmen, as a part of the Imperial City, was meant for important occasions. The two rows of chaofang( antechamber), on the sides behind the main gate, wre reserved for civil and military members of the government waiting for imperial audience and in front of the gate, were offices of imperial administration.
On October 1, 1949, chairman Mao Zedong proclaimed on Tian’anmen Rostrum the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Since then Tian’anmen has been the symbol of New Chinea. Chairman Mao’s portrait is hung above the central entrance, flanked by two slogans:” Long Live the Great Unity of the Peoples of the World”. Today , the splendour of Tian’anmen attracts million of visitors from all over the world. The Rostrum on its top was opened in 1988 to the public for the first time in its history. It offers a panoramic view of the Square and the city proper.
Tian’anmen Square
Situated due south of Tian’anmen, the Square has an area of 44 hectares( 109 acres) that can accommodate as many as one million people for public gatherings. It has witnessed may historical events in China’s modern history and is a place for celebrations on such festive days as international Labour Day on May 1st and national Day on October 1st.
Around the Square are several famous buildings:
1 The Great Hall of the People
This is one of the largest congressional buildings in the world. Built in 1959, the hall consists of three parts: a 10,000-seat auditorium in the center, a banquet hall in the north wing facing Chang’an Street, with a seating capacity of 5,000, and offices for the Standing Committee of the National Peoples’ Congress of China in the south. In addition, thirty-four reception chambers are named after various provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly unde the Central Government, plus Hong Kong and Macao. Each is different from the other in decoration and furnishings to stress their local features.
2 The Museum of Chinese History and the Museum of the Chinese Revolution
These two museums were also built in 1959. the museum of Chinese History houses a permanent exhibition in four parts, covering the entire process of Chinese history spanning from 1.7 million years ago to 1919:
1) The Primitive Society( 1.7 million years ago to the 21st century BC);
2) The Slave Society(21st century BC to 476 BC.);
3) The Feudal Society(475 BC. To 1840 AD.);
4) The Semi-Colonial and Semi- Fedual Society(1840 to 1919.)
The Museum of the Chinese Revolution covers the period from 1919 to 1949.
3 The Monument to the People’s Heroes
the monument was built in memory of thousands of martyrs who died for the revolutionary cause of the Chinese people. Its construction began on August 1, 1952 and was not completed until 1958. in the form of an obelisk, the Monument as made of more than 17,000 pieces of tranite and white marble. The purple piece inlaid in the front of the Monument was brought from Qingdao, Shandong Province. It is 38 meters(124ft 8 in) high, the loftiest of its kind ever seen in the country. Not only is it an historic memorial for immortal heroes, but also it is an artistic work of excellent architectural value.
On the front side of the Monument is an engraved inscription in Chinese characters written by Chairman Mao Zedong, which reads” Eternal Glory to the People’s Heroes!”. On the back of the Monument is an article written by Chairman Mao, but in Chinese calligraphy by the late Premier Zhou Enlai.
At the top of the Monument are eight gigantic carved wreathes of such flowers as peony, lotus and chrysanthemum, symbolizing nobility, purity, and fortitude. At the base of the monument are eight marble reliefs depicting the Chinese historic events since 1840. They are:
1) The Burning of Opium in 1840:
2) The uprising of 1851 in Jintian, Guangxi;
3) The Revolution of 1911;
4) The May Fourth Movement of 1919;
5) The May 30th Movement of 1925;
6) The Uprising of 1927 in Nanchang, Jiangxi;
7) The War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression from 1937 to 1945;
8) The Victorious Crossing over the Yangtze River by the Peoples’s Liberation Army in 1949. This relief is flanked by two smaller ones—“ Supplying the Front” and “ Greeting the P.L.A.”.
4 Chairman Mao’s Mausoleum
Chairman Mao Zedong, the founder of the People’s Pepublic of China, passed away on Sepember 9, 1976. In commemoration of this great man, a mausoleum began to be constructed in November 1976, and was completes in August the following year. The Mausoleum was officially opened on September 9, 1977.
The mausoleum is surrounded by four groups of sculpture. East of the northern entrance is the sculpture depicting the period of the New Democratic Revolution( 1919-1949), and west of it is the one signifying the great achievements of the Chinese people during the period of slcialist revolution and construction since 1949. The sculptures in front of the southern gate are figures of workers, peasants soldiers, intellectuals, technicians and children.
Inside the Mausoleum are three main sections: A white marble statue of Chairman Mao is mounted on a platform in the front lobby. On the wall behind the statue is a 24-metre-long( 79-foot-long) tapestry, a fine needlepoint work with beautiful landscapes of the country.
In the main hall there is a crystal coffin, in which Chairman Mao’s body lies stately with the Communist Party’s flag covering over him.
On the wall of the southern lobby, a poem by Chairman Mao and in his own calligraphy is inscribed in gold inlay. It expresses his full great expectations for the country.
Tian’ anmen Square has now completed its renovation after eight months’ hard work to welcome the 50th anniversary of the People’s Republic in 1999.
河源苏家围英文导游词
The Sujiawei Hakka Village Tourism Zone is a must for tourists who are interested in the Hakka culture and customs.
Bordering Dongjiang River in the north and Jiushe River in the south, the village is located in the Heshui Township, 26km away from the city of Heyuan.
Today the village is described as a “picturesque village in south china”, featuring old trees and houses, wild lands, bamboos and fresh air. Also it has a profound cultural history and is said to be the habitat of descendants of Su Shi, who also known as Su Dongpo, a famous Chinese literate in Northern Song Dynasty. Hence All people living in the village now are surnamed “Su”.
It also provides some performances for travelers to get a better known of Hakka culture such as their wedding customs. You can take part in the producing lines of making bean curd, wine or oil; or enjoy yourself in activities like fishing, swimming and boating.
The first spot we encounter is the Yingqing Bridge, where has a panoramic view of Sujiawei. The bridge is a place to welcome all families, relatives and friends.
Here is purple perilla park. The purple perilla can be used as medicine to cure cold, or purple dye or cooking. The origin of this park is as follows: one day one of Su Shi’s offspring passed by this place, he dreamed five old men pointed a big tree and told him it is perilla tree. When he woke up, he found this place is full of perilla, and the environment is quite beautiful, so he thought the old men would like he move the Su clan here. So after he came back, he always mentioned this dream to his late generations. To fulfill his this dream, over 700 years ago, the Su clan moved here and Sujiawei started its story.
From this purple perilla park to Pool lips estate, is gallery of Hakka villages gender culture, which shows the Hakka people’s moral ideas and customs, they think everything has two opposite extremes like negative and positive. In Hakka dialect, have a boy baby is named “tian deng”, the same pronunciation as “add a lantern”. So in Chinese lantern festival, any family which has a new boy baby will hang a big lantern in their ancestors’ shrine.
Later we will visit Sugong Shrine Yongsi Hall, Guanghua hall, Su school and Yi Jiang temple. You may find the Hakka architecture is well preserved here. These ancient buildings are square flat houses with dark blue bricks and roof tiles that belong to the style of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The oldest house, Yongsi Hall, was built in 1481 in memory of Su Dongshan, the eighth-generation descendant of Su Dongpo and as a place for the villagers to worship their ancestors and discuss important affairs.
Now we walk along the Dongjiang river and enjoy the Hakka folk music. At the riverside you see bamboo everywhere. Su Dongpo loved bamboo, he once said “I can eat without meat, but I can not live without bamboo. No meat to eat only makes me thin; but live without bamboo makes me vulgar”!
Walking so long time, are you a bit tired and thirsty? Let’s go to Her Workshops to taste Hakka traditional snacks and tea. There are tea leaf, sesame, peanut, red jujube and longan in the tea. Do you taste them?
Ok, after a break, we go to experience traditional Hakka wedding performance. If you are lucky to be chosen and act as the bridegroom, you will be invited to the stage and join their show.
The village also preserves many slogans printed on the walls during 1950s to 1970s, which are silent witnesses to Chinese modern history.
Do you see the big bamboo hats holding by bamboo sticks in line? It is farm four seasons gallery. On the bamboo hats marked farming planting and harvesting dates and festivals.
Finally we have 15-minutes free activity in the countryside vegetable fields. You may like farmers to pick fruits, vegetables you like in the fields.
篇14:简短独特生日祝福语
1.自从与你相识,你的深厚友谊我牢牢铭记.在这特殊的日子,我把祝福撒在东风里,祝你笑脸美如花,青春有人夸,生日真欢快,事业跨骏马.
2.祝我的爱人生日快乐,时光飞逝,但我对你的爱却更醇厚。在这特殊的日子里,我想告诉你,你的爱使我的生命变得完整。
3.祝你生日快乐,永远都幸福.仰首看见康庄大道在面前,俯首看见金银铺满地!!
4.祝你的生日天天快乐,永远都幸福.在新的一年里感情好,身体好,事业好,对你的朋友们要更好!
5.祝你:福如东海老王八,寿比南山大石头。
6.祝福直奔生日主题,牵挂是彼此的银行账号,祝福是解开心结密码,快乐是你的空白支票,关爱是我最真的签名,你的生日,再署上最完美的日期。生日快乐!
7.祝福这美妙的生活永远跟随你,美好的生活阳光永远伴随你。因为,我们几十年一起分享了家庭生活的风风雨雨,一起沐浴了美妙生活的阳光。老公,你最有资格,自豪地接受我们为你的祝福吧,祝你生日快乐!
8.祝福一位美丽迷人,聪明大方,成熟端庄,又倍受赞叹的妙人儿,生日快乐。
9.祝福我的心上人生日快乐,你总是那么妩媚动人,那么美丽多姿!
10.猪,你快快长!猪,你早日出栏!猪,你生日快乐!
11.支支灿烂的烛光,岁岁生日的幸福。幸运的你,明天会更好!
12.正如玫瑰逗人喜爱,愿你的生日带给你愉快,因为你是最可爱人,愿你生日焕发光彩,伴随着喜悦和欢笑,从天明到日落。
13.这一刻,有我最深的思念,让云捎去满心的祝福,点缀你甜蜜的梦,愿你度过一个温馨浪漫的生日!
14.这一份爱意深深埋藏于心底整整澎湃了一个世纪的轮回,直到相聚的日子来临才汹涌成鲜丽欲燃的炽情,生日快乐!
15.长长的距离,长长的线,连着长长的思念。远远的空间,久久的时间,剪不断远方的掂念!祝你生日快乐!
16.摘一颗星,送去真情;采一朵云,献上殷勤;梦境再好,终将褪色;繁花再茂,也会凋零;只有友谊地久天长,心中永藏;生日快乐,早圆梦想。
17.在这个特别的日子里,我有一句话想对你说,这是我一直想要告诉你的,那就是--我有两次生命:一次是出生,一次是遇见了你!
18.在我的日历上,你依然美丽,而这特别的一年使你的容貌似乎更增光彩。祝生日快乐!
19.在思念之中,我想起了你的生日。我谨用只字片语,表达对你的情怀。衷心祝愿您青春长驻,愿将一份宁静和喜悦悄悄带给您,生日快乐!
20.在宁静的夜晚,点着淡淡的烛光,听着轻轻的音乐,品着浓浓的葡萄酒,让我陪伴你渡过一天难忘的生日!
21.在你生日的这一天,我没有跟你在一起,只希望你能快乐、健康、美丽,生命需要奋斗、创造和把握!老婆,生日快乐!
22.在你生日的这一天,将快乐的音符,作为礼物送给你,愿你一年天快快乐乐,平平安安!如果我有万,我将送你,我有万吗?没有。所以我只能用一毛钱发个短信,祝你生日快乐!
23.在你的生日之际,诚挚地献上我的三个祝愿:一愿你身体健康;二愿你幸福快乐;三愿你万事如意!
24.遇见你是上帝给我的宠幸,也是我的生命中重要的一页。难得两个人的合拍互补及和谐,不禁激起人心底对爱情的渴望,想留住永恒,就让这爱墙见证那美好的一刻吧!明明:HAPPYBIRTHDAY!
25.于是感觉手拙,拙劣的竟然搬不动脑海里的一个字。脑海里很多字,字字都是回忆,脑海里很多词,词词都是梦想成真。脑海里很多字,字字都是祝福,脑海里很多词,词词都是我爱你。就那么岿然不动,如磐石,斤斤都是我的爱意,如河流,滴滴都是我的思念,而一旦想爆破磐石,用粒粒石子铺满我的文章,铺成一条路,让你走过来,读到我的心情;想破一个口,让思念的河水喷涌,散满空白的纸张,却可以闻到爱情的芳香,流到你的心房,此刻,让你没有埋怨,让你成为河里的一条鱼,河水是我,自由是你。
26.又是一个美好的开始,愿我虔诚的祝福,带给你成功的一年,祝你生日快乐!
27.有树的地方,就有我的思念;有你的地方,就有我深深的祝福,祝你生日快乐!
28.有句话一直没敢对你说,可是你生日的时候再不说就没机会了:你真的好讨厌……讨人喜欢,百看不厌!
29.用我所有的爱祝你生日快乐!你需要我时我会在你身旁。祝你快乐,一年比一年更爱你!
30.用快乐包装礼物,用甜蜜制作蛋糕,用浪漫调制红酒,用幸福点燃蜡烛,亲爱的今天是你的生日,愿我的每次心跳变成流星,让你的愿望全部成真。
31.颖,不论遇到什么事情,遇到多么困难的情况,我都会和你在一起,只要我们能相信彼此,珍惜彼此,我们一定能够到达幸福的彼岸,相信我,我会让你幸福,我会为之努力。我不会离开你,永远不会。我爱你
32.盈盈今日天如水,恋恋当年水似天。情缘驻我心,相思比梦长。祝福你生日快乐!生命中的每一天永远青春靓丽!
33.因为有你,爱不曾离去;因为有你,生命才有奇迹。爱你无需深情的言语,只要我们一直手牵手走下去就足矣。亲爱的老婆生日快乐,让爱陪伴我们一直到永远。
34.因为你的降临这一天成了一个美丽的日子,从此世界便多了一抹诱人的色彩。生日的烛光中摇曳一季繁花,每一支都是我的祝愿:生日快乐!
35.以我忠贞的爱情,祝福你生日快乐!
36.一直以来有句话想对你说,但苦于没有机会,今天我终于鼓起勇气--生日快乐!
37.一年一年,是岁月流过的痕迹。一天一天,是幸福快乐的水滴。一点一点,是回忆留下的足迹。一句一句,都在唱着歌儿:我祝你生日快乐。
38.也许是缘分,命运安排你我相遇!你是让我欣赏的那种人,似乎很久以前,我就已熟识你了你。也许这一生,你就是我的钟爱。
39.在你生日之际,我只有默默的为你祈祷为你祝福:生日快乐,永远幸福!!!!!
40.在你生日这一刻,没能在你身边,对不起!只能给你我最温暖的祝福,里面有我对着大海许下的愿!
41.也许你并不是为我而生,但我却有幸与你相伴,或许是前世修来的福份吧,我会好好珍惜!愿我有生之年,年年为你点燃生日的烛焰!老婆,生日快乐!
42.献上我对你的爱,祝你生日充满温馨,感谢你一直以来对我的关怀和照顾,祝我美丽的乐观的热情的健康自信的充满活力的老婆生日快乐!
43.羡慕你的生日是这样浪漫,充满诗情画意,只希望你的每一天都快乐、健康、美丽。
44.现在生日不送礼,写句祝福送给你,如果你嫌礼不够,再把我也往上凑,祝你生日快乐!
45.希望我是第一个向你道“生日快乐”的朋友,愿这一年中快乐、成功!
46.无意中遇到你,我咬了灰尘,冰冻的心。我愿意接受这份爱呢?敏感的人,每一天都是一个节日。一个温暖的冬天,一线的相位噪声,提醒,备忘录已经说了,一个小姐,下跌了充满希望的阶段,爱情,生活,爱情。
47.我在时间的字典解释快乐,就是微笑,我在故事的百度搜索幸福,就是健康,今天是你生日,祝你微笑常在,健康永驻,亲爱的,生日快乐。
48.我一直都有这份心,今日却感觉到了写字的艰难。或许爱到深处本就无言,更何况我本就是一个不愿表达的人。到是我必须逼迫自己写,对于爱写文字的人而言,爱一个人就应该把她藏入自己的文字里。何况,你是我的最爱,我也是你的全部。
49.我想你的时候最缠绵,无论我们相距多远,前面的路有多坎坷,只想说:你是我今生的幸福。祝你生日快乐。
50.我没有浪漫的诗句,没有贵重的礼物,没有兴奋的惊喜,只有一束鲜花+轻轻的祝福,祝你:“生日快乐!”
篇15:我国食品安全工作总结
时间一晃而过,20__已经过去,新的一年已经来临。在过去的四个月里,我加入了食品安全监管这个光荣的队伍中,为解决人们的民生问题贡献出自己的力量。在这里,我首先要感谢上级领导对我的信任和关怀,以及同事的支持与帮助。这是我踏出学校步入社会的第一步,也是对我人生的第一次挑战。在日常工作中我深深看到了自己的不足,让我意识到工作不同于在校求学,它更需要的是全身心的投入,需要的是对工作热忱的态度。实践出真理,我会虚心学习踏实工作,好好弥补自己的不足,力争做好领导委交我的各项任务。现将我四个月来的工作总结归纳如下:
1、积极参加有关食品安全监督工作会议和食品安全知识培训。在九月份,我参加了为期一周的新区食品安全协管员岗前培训,认真学习了各项关于食品安全方面的知识,了解到作为一名食品安全协管员的职责和义务,为以后的工作奠定了基础。
2、建立协管区域食品企业档案,及时掌握食品企业数量、企业名称、执照情况、企业法人、生产条件、产品种类、生产规模等变动情况。在九月中旬至十月份,我街道食安办对街道所有企业进行登记,重点对企业的证照情况进行核实,并督促无证经营企业及时办理好。同时对街道14个社区的食品企业统计,并按餐饮、流通、生产加工、种植畜牧、小作坊详细划分归类,建立完善档案。
3、负责对辖区内食品生产企业的日常巡查,督促企业建立健全质量管理安全制度、台帐和记录,发现隐患及时制止并向有关部门报告。每周都坚持完成不少于2次的出行,及时掌握辖区内食品企业的具体情况和变更,对有问题的企业进行重点监督检查,督促企业完善台账制度,及时发现并解决隐患。
4、宣传贯彻《食品卫生法》等食品安全监督管理工作的法律法规,组织各项活动进行食品安全知识的普及。11月份,我食安办开展“关注食品安全,共创和谐社会”的主题活动,进社区、进企业、进学校的三步走,以板书、宣传册、横幅、讲座多种形式大力宣传食品安全知识,普及居民的日常食品安全知识。活动中,我有幸作为副讲,负责其中一部分的讲解,为此我做好充分准备,努力学习食品安全的相关知识,尽量做到讲解能够详尽细致,让居民对食品知识能够深入了解。
5、深化食品安全专项整治,响应政府号召。今年10月份,我食安办组织“地沟油”和“餐厨废弃物”的专项整治,保障居民能吃上放心油。活动中,我们以拉网式对辖区各家食品企业进行检查,询问了解食用油的来源以及处理方式,确保从源头解决“地沟油”的问题。
篇16:简短独特生日祝福语
1.把春天留住,让你的生日姹紫嫣红;从夏季取来绿色,让你充满活力;把秋天的果实摘下,让你的生日食全食美;把冬天的美景呈献,祝你生日快乐!
2.把幸福榨成汁,去搅拌温馨的面粉,加入快乐的调味剂,用真诚的小火烘焙,并配以开心的奶油,点缀各色甜蜜的花饰,做一个蛋糕送给你,祝生日快乐!
3.爸爸是蓝天中翱翔的雄鹰,我是在您保护下飞翔的小鸟,爸爸是一颗参天大树,我是在您的庇护下长大的小草,爸爸很伟大,祝爸爸生日快乐。
4.比星星温暖的是灯光,比灯光温暖的是祝福;比海洋宽阔的是天空,比天空宽阔的是祝福。如果短信是星空,那么我的祝福就是漫天繁星。祝你生日快乐!
5.不论你的父亲是严厉还是慈祥,不管你现在在他身旁还是远方,没有他爱护就没有你的成长,那么请祝福你父亲永远健康!
6.不愿意过生日,感觉自己又老了一岁。昨天的生日,今天自己小小的庆祝一下吧。谢谢大家发来的祝福。最后希望自己最近不要再背下去了,真的是霉运不断。愿心里的小小愿望都能实现。
7.曾经今日此门中,人面桃花相映红。两鬓已然斑白色,桃花何处笑春风?朋友,对着已然逐渐苍老的母亲,是否应该多点问候,让她温暖让她笑!生日好!
8.趁着年轻把能干的坏事都干了吧,过了今天就没几年了……祝你生日快乐,因为你又长了一岁,又比我老了一岁,抓不住青春的尾巴,就闻闻青春的屁了。
9.穿越时光的隧道,将曾经追忆;透过岁月的曲线,将美好发掘;打开友情的宝藏,将情谊升华;发送真挚的问候,将朋友温暖。朋友,愿你安好,幸福无忧!生日快乐!
10.春夏秋冬因为今日才流转,日夜交替因为今天才变换,日月星辰因为今日才灿烂,绵绵祝福因为今天才出现,天使诞生人世间,让我用心来祝愿:生日快乐!
11.从未有任何时刻像现在一样,对生日怀有敬畏般的期待。生日,这个若干年前的母难日,而今已如身间的钤印,记录着自己行走于世的种种况味,每当年轮增添一周,就在人生的画卷上多了一道纹路,也或增补或消泯了若干记忆。
12.大手牵小手,把你拉扯长大;接你又送你,把你送进婆家;等你又盼你,把你时时牵挂;气你又怨你,让你常常回家;这就是爸爸。父亲生日时,别忘啦看望他!
13.当你看到这条短信时,哈哈!你已经老了一岁啦!如果你想永葆青春的话,请大声念出下面的字:今天我生日,我好快乐!
14.等待,只为与你的相遇。也许没有人会相信,这一刹那迸出的光芒,将要映亮你我漫漫一生。我在那盛开的兰花瓣上写出对你无穷的思念与祝福,并祝你生日快乐!
15.点燃生日的烛光,点燃幸福的希望;品尝生日的蛋糕,品尝快乐的味道;接受生日的祝福,接受祝愿的美好,愿快乐永久将你围绕,幸福的滋味你最知道。祝生日快乐!
16.端起我们手中的酒杯,请爸爸与我们共饮一杯酒,我们的祝福,我们的爱都融化在您的酒杯里,酒色深深,直至心底,祝福天下所有的父亲生日快乐!
17.对于我来说,的幸福莫过于有理解自己的父母。我得到了这种幸福,并从未失去过。所以在您的生日,我向您说一声:谢谢!
18.儿时老槐树还在记忆中挺立,忘不了手拉手过家家,散落一地的桃花,漫天飞舞着我衷心的愿望,在你又一个生日到来,祝永远幸福安康!
19.方寸间,历数世上桑田沧海;时空里,细问人间暑往寒来;是朋友,星移斗转情不改;是知音,天涯海角记心怀。
20.风轻淌,夏天其实挺凉爽;蝉低唱,夏天其实挺时尚;裙飞扬,夏天其实挺端庄;短信短,夏天其实也有快乐时光。祝:夏日心情朗!生日快乐!
21.父爱如山,海纳百川。父爱如河,承载夙愿。父爱如路,蜿蜒缠绵。父爱如天,支撑家园。父爱如港湾,滋养温暖。祝父亲生日快乐,健康平安!
22.感情深深,难忘你给的温存;友谊真真,保留你给的安慰;关怀纯纯,珍藏你给的关心;相伴欣欣,永恒你给的伴随,姐妹日,愿你开心快乐每一天,姐妹日快乐。生日快乐!
23.感谢这个日子,为我送来了你;感谢这个日子,诞生我的伴侣。你的生日我将永生谨记,你的生日我将祝福到底。亲爱的,祝你生日快乐!永远美丽!
24.给雨天充上电就有彩虹的美丽,给夜晚充上电就有白天的魅力,给时间充上电就有奋斗的动力,给祝福充上电幸福就更加给力,朋友,生日快乐。
25.恭祝你福寿与天齐,恭祝你生辰快乐!想要我送你什么礼物吗?还没想好?给你一秒钟思考,时间到。哎,这可不能怪我,别说朋友我没给你机会啊……
26.过去是路留下蹒跚的脚步无数,未来是梦载着你飞向辽远的天空,这是一个新的开始,从这里起步你会做得更好。
27.行走红尘,别被欲望左右迷失了方向,别被物质打败做了生活的奴隶,给心灵腾出一方空间,让那些够得着的幸福安全抵达,攥在自己手里的,才是实实在在的幸福。
28.好女人简简单单,好情谊清清爽爽,好缘分地久天长。祝你美丽压群芳,善良传四方,温柔力无挡,青春一百年,生日快乐。
29.嗨,打开短信笑一笑,因为我的祝福最先到,相聚时刻虽然少,心中牵挂勿忘掉,今天你的生日到,祝福短信将你绕,我的尤其要收好。
30.蝴蝶飞舞是为了喜悦,花开朵朵是为了欢庆,清风徐徐是为了送出今日的祝福,祝福我的朋友,人间四月的天使,生日快乐。
篇17:大专的毕业论文:我国产权制度_毕业论文范文_网
论文最好能建立在平日比较注意探索的问题的基础上,写论文主要是反映学生对问题的思考, 详细内容请看下文大专的毕业论文。
一、以产权的社会化实现国有企业改革的新突破。
以产权的实际占有为基础,建立企业与职工的利益共同体,是调动广大劳动者积极性的根本措施;劳动者、技术人员、管理者和企业家逐步地成为本企业的产权占有者是国企改革取得突破的关键。
1、加快产权制度改革是国有企业建立有效的公司治理结构的前提。产权主体的社会化是实现政企分开、建立现代企业制度的基础和前提。在产权主体社会化和产权清晰的前提下才有可能形成有效的公司治理结构。产权主体的社会化有利于形成多元化利益主体的风险与责任意识,强化企业的自我约束机制。
2、产权制度改革是建立企业与职工利益共同体的基础。建立在现代市场经济条件下的企业与职工的密切结合是现代市场经济条件下普遍追求的重要目标。在充分承认和实现劳动者、经营管理者和技术人才之间不同作用和贡献的前提下,实现职工持股并保持合理的差别性,并由此使各类人力资本的作用得到更充分的发挥。在承认并确立劳动力产权的基础上,将劳动者利益与企业利益、国家利益长期地、合理地统一起来,逐步形成国家、集体和个人的利益共同体。
3、以股份制改革为重点加快大型企业的产权制度改革。
4、采取多种形式促进国有中小企业的产权制度改革。在我国经济体制转型的关键时期,促进国有中小企业的发展对促进经济发展和社会稳定具有深远影响。目前,应当进一步解放思想,总结经验,加大放开搞活国有中小企业的力度。在逐步规范的前提下,提高企业改制过程中职工持股和经理人员融资收购的比例,是加快国有中小企业改革步伐的重要选择。
5、加快寻求国有资产管理的有效形式是实现国有企业制度创新的重要条件。深化国有企业改革,建立符合社会主义市场经济体制要求的、有效的国有资产管理体制至关重要。应当正确地估计和认识国有企业和国有资产在建立完善社会主义市场经济体制进程中的地位和作用,在保持国有经济合理规模和合理比例的基础上,提高国有资产市场化运作的程度,实现由国有资产向国有资本的转变,并建立科学的管理体制和运营机制。
二、以产权主体的泛化促进民营经济的进一步发展。
投资者、管理者、科技人员有差别地持有本企业的股份,这是现代市场经济条件下民营经济、特别是民营高科技企业高成长的关键。
1、产权主体泛化是解决民营经济发展中人才、技术制约的最重要的举措。民营企业产权体制上也存在某种程度的产权主体残缺问题。民营企业中人力资本在企业运营中的作用愈益突出,企业的核心技术人员和管理人员的去留决定着企业的生存和发展。解决民营经济中人才的供给与需求的不对称,如缺乏成就感、创新障碍,根本途径在于建立产权激励机制,使他们成为民营企业产权的实际占有者。
2、产权主体泛化是民营经济发展到一定阶段的必然选择。克服产权的家族化制约,是民营经济进一步获得发展的重要经验。
三、以投资主体的多元化推进基础设施领域的改革。
1、投资主体单一国有是造成基础领域效率低下、发展滞后的关键因素。基础设施建设投资主要是政府财政投资,民间资本投资空间和渠道没有打通。单一国有投资体制是形成基础领域行政性垄断难以打破的根源。
2、加强基础领域的投资必须与促进基础领域投资主体多元化改革同步进行。政府不可能成为基础领域长期的投资主体,真正的主体是企业,尤其是民营企业。
3、打破行政垄断,开放市场准入,为民间资本进入基础领域创造条件。加入wto条件下,优先对内开放,允许民间资本提前介入。分步推进,多种形式促进民间资本进入基础领域。
4、改革政府对基础项目的管理体制和投融资体制。
四、以产权清晰为前提,加快国有商业银行的股份制改革。
1、对国有商业银行进行股份制改造迫在眉睫。加入wto,国有商业银行面临巨大的压力。国有商业银行改革的核心,是在剥离不良资产的前提下,加快产权制度改革,建立严格有效的治理结构。
2、寻求更彻底地处理不良债权的办法,为国有商业银行的股份制改革创造条件。过高的不良资产是国有商业银行进行股份制改革的难点所在,并积聚着巨大的金融风险。从根本上解决长期积累下来的不良资产,需要采取更为彻底的办法。可实行债务全面托管的一揽子办法,允许民间资本入股国有资产管理公司,在严格监管的基础上给民营资产管理公司较大的业务活动范围和适当的优惠政策。
3、加快金融立法,建立有效的金融监管体系。适应加入wto的原则和要求,要参照国际惯例,抓紧制定和完善我国金融资产管理、信托投资公司管理以及中央银行监管条例等金融监管法律法规,逐步完善中国金融业的监管体制,逐步实现由分业管理向混业管理的过渡,并注重开放中的风险防范。
4、适时推进利率市场化,完善资本市场建设。
五、以产权激励机制为基础,加快实现收入分配制度改革的实质性突破。
合理的产权激励最有效,是人力资源开发的关键。因此,收入分配体制改革要与产权体制改革相配套。
1、产权制度改革是收入分配制度改革的关键。在确立劳动力产权的前提下,鼓励管理、技术等生产要素参与收益分配是新时期按劳分配与按生产要素分配相结合的体现。以产权激励的方式实现收入分配制度改革的有效突破。
2、产权激励是促进人力资源合理配置的基础制度。计划经济体制下人力资本得不到确认,人力资源配置极不合理。企业家拥有财产权,是现代市场经济中企业家在企业作用的必然要求。实践证明,企业家拥有部分股权,从而成为企业的实际控制者和剩余索取者,是人力资本在现代企业治理中作用不断提高的具体表现,它反映了现代企业治理结构的新特点、新趋势。
篇18:称呼的礼仪_商务礼仪_网
以下是第一范文网小编为大家整理的关于称呼的礼仪,供大家参考!
称呼礼仪及注意事项:
1、最好只和同辈或小一辈的人,用“亲”开头打招呼。虽然现代社会在称呼上,对于长幼之分已经越来越模糊了,但基本的要素常识还是要有的。称呼上也要有个底线,最起码你不能与第一次见面、年龄相隔 30 岁的人,喊对方一声“亲”。亲,这个字虽然会速度提升个人交往的美誉度和拉近距离,但对待长辈还是要有一定的敬畏,凡遇到人必是“亲”,没有亲疏远近的喊来喊去,最后只会给人留下“不会做人”的差评。
2、如果摸不清楚长辈的职位和职业状况,还是用“老师”称呼最为保险。各种称呼礼仪书籍中都有品类繁多的职位或职业类的称呼描述。比如,用职务称呼,局长、科长、经理和院长等;用专业技术职务称呼,教授、工程师和某工等;直接以被称呼者的职业作为称呼,老师、教练、医生、会计和警官等。社交场合最常遇到的场景就是饭局,在饭局上一桌子人,凡是年龄比你大的,在摸不准对方情况时,还是一律以“老师”作为称呼最为保险。
3、死记硬背,记住下面的称呼泛指,不要犯下关于传统称呼的低级错误。
令郎,尊称对方的儿子
令爱,尊称对方的女儿
令婿,尊称对方的女婿
令媳,尊称对方的儿媳
令尊,尊称对方的父亲
令堂,尊称对方的母亲
乔梓,称人父子
昆玉,称人兄弟
贤契,称自己的学生
高足,称别人的学生
家父,称自己的父亲
家慈,称自己的母亲
舍妹,称自己的弟妹
舍侄,称自己的侄儿
内人,称自己的妻子
外子,称自己的丈夫
犬子,称自己的儿子
小女,称自己的女儿
4、别把“您”丢掉。如果有统计,“您”应该是最多被现代人丢掉和忘记的一个字。在使用第二人称时,所有人都清楚用“您”比用“你”要更显敬重。
篇19:读书改变了我国旗下讲话稿_读书改变了我讲话稿
亲爱的老师,敬爱的同学们:
大家好!
今天,我的国旗下讲话是《读书的习惯,人人要养成》。
早在古代的时候,古人们就把读书看做是一种高尚的活动。高尔基曾经说过:“书籍是人类进步的阶梯。”是啊,有了书籍,人们才能有不断的进步发展。你在生活中学会的每一种东西,哪一样离得开书籍?在学校里学的知识离不开书籍,你学会烹饪、做饭,不是从烹饪书上学来的吗?……总之,书就像一种苦口的良药,能使每一个人变的头脑聪明,反应灵活,甚至,还能出口成章呢!这不正应了刘翔所说的:“书犹药也,善读之可以医愚。”
我有一个朋友,作文写得如妙笔生花一般。一天,我问他作文为什么写的那么好,他神采奕奕的对我说:“难道你不知道杜甫的名言‘读书破万卷,下笔如有神’吗?”说完便走了。我自己想了想,突然恍然大悟:原来她写作文的法宝是读书哇!
“黑发不知勤学早,白首方悔读书迟。”颜真卿的这句话告诉我们:少年时,也就是现在的我们,是要刻苦读书的最好时刻,如果等老了再去读的话,那,已经晚了。
讲到这儿,有些同学或许会问了:“我也读了不少书了,可为什么学习没有什么起色呢?”你们或许还记得朱熹的名言“读书有三道,谓心到,眼到,口到。”心到是要精神专一,一心一意;眼到是要全神贯注;而口到是要口说,嘴诵。只有做到了这些,才能有所收获,请问问自己,自己真的做到了这三点吗?哦,对了,应该再加一道:手到。就是说我们不光要看书,还要把书中的好词佳句以及自己的感受写下来。只有做到了这些,你才会更上一层楼!
说这么多了,最后我只想对大家呼吁:让我们从现在开始,刻苦读书,认认真真的读书,你才能在他人之上,让自己的学识更加丰厚!
谢谢大家,我的讲话结束了!
篇20:情侣生日简短独特祝福短信
1、在你生日的这一天,将快乐的音符,作为礼物送给你。
On your birthday, give you happy notes as gifts.
2、愿你一生快乐,万事顺利烦恼抛开。
May you have a happy life and let everything go smoothly.
3、祝愿我的朋友:生日快乐,心想事成!
Wishing my friend: Happy birthday, everything you want to achieve!
4、在这美丽的季节,愿你一路鲜花相伴,快乐走向人生路!在此祝愿生日快乐!
In this beautiful season, I wish you a journey of flowers, happy life! Happy birthday to you!
5、又是你的一个生日,祝福你的生活幸福无边。
Its your birthday again. Wish you a happy life.
6、一份不渝的友谊,执着千万个祝福,给我想念的兄弟姐妹,温馨地问候。
An unswerving friendship, persistent blessings, to my missing brothers and sisters, warm greetings.
7、祝你生日快乐,你的颜容一年四季鲜花伴美景!
Happy birthday to you, your face with beautiful flowers all year round!
8、祝您生日快乐,同时也祝你有个完美的昨天,快乐的今天,美好的明天!
Happy birthday to you, but also wish you a perfect yesterday, a happy today, a beautiful tomorrow!
9、祝朋友生日快乐!在这个日子里,一定要很开心,很幸福才可以哦!
Happy birthday to my friends! In this day, must be very happy, very happy can oh!
10、亲爱的朋友,愿你怀里塞满礼物,耳边充满祝福!今天,你是最灿烂的一个!
Dear friends, may your arms be filled with gifts and your ears filled with blessings! Today, you are the most brilliant one!
11、今天是你的生日,千万个思念带着祝福:祝生日快乐!
Today is your birthday. Thousands of yearnings with wishes: Happy Birthday!
12、生日快乐!愿在这特殊的日子里,你的每时每刻都充满欢乐。
Happy birthday! May all your moments be filled with joy on this special day.
13、我的祝福只说一遍,你的幸福却延一生,生日快乐!
My best wishes only once, but your happiness lasts a lifetime. Happy birthday!
14、今天是你生日,希望你所有的梦想都成真。
Today is your birthday. I hope all your dreams come true.
15、今天是你的生日,一切顺心,安逸!
Today is your birthday, everything goes well, comfortable!
16、岁月总是愈来愈短,生日总是愈来愈快,友情总是愈来愈浓,我的祝福也就愈来愈深。
Years are always shorter and shorter, birthdays are always faster and faster, friendships are always stronger and stronger, and my blessings are also deeper and deeper.
17、愿亲爱的你永远十八,愿来日方长,岁月静好,安暖相伴,生日快乐。
May the days ahead be long and quiet. May peace and warmth be with you. Happy birthday.
18、值得纪念的日子,世界因为有了你而更加美好,生日快乐!
Commemorative day, the world is better because of you, happy birthday!
19、朋友是读不完的情、写不完的意。今日又是你的生日、祝你生日快乐、一切如意。
Friends are endless feelings and meanings. Today is your birthday again. Happy birthday and all the best.
20、今天是您的生日,愿所有的快乐、所有的幸福、所有的温馨、所有的好运围绕在您身边。生日快乐!
Today is your birthday. May all happiness, all happiness, all warmth and all good fortune surround you. Happy birthday!
21、祝你生日快乐,年年有今朝,岁岁都健康。
Happy birthday to you. Every year, every year, every year, every year.
22、愿你拥有最美好的回忆,只因有我祝福你。生日快乐!
May you have the best memories, just because I bless you. Happy birthday!
23、让我真诚地祝愿您,祝愿您的生命之叶,红于二月的鲜花!
Let me sincerely wish you, the leaves of your life, the flowers of February!
24、希望你拥有美妙的每一刻,亲爱的,生日快乐。
Hope you have a wonderful moment, dear, happy birthday.
25、希望我是第一个向你道“生日快乐”的朋友,愿这一年中快乐、成功!
I hope I am the first friend to say "Happy Birthday" to you. I wish you happiness and success in this year.
26、我虽然不能陪你度过今天这个特别的日子,但我一样祝福你生日快乐!
Although I cant spend this special day with you, I wish you a happy birthday as well.
27、送你一碗长寿面,愿你笑容永相见,生日快乐!
Give you a bowl of longevity noodles. Wish you a happy birthday with a smile forever.
28、平凡而又不凡的你,散发着迷人的芳香。生日快乐,我的朋友!
Ordinary and extraordinary you, exuding charming fragrance. Happy birthday, my friend!
29、明天闺蜜生日,祝她生日快乐,永远爱她。
Happy birthday to my girlfriend tomorrow and love her forever.
30、在一个人的生命历程里,岁的花季只有一次,让我们把它书写在日记里,永远散发出记忆的芬芳。
In the course of a persons life, the flower season of age only once. Lets write it in a diary and emit the fragrance of memory forever.
31、祝你生日快乐,人生路上平安吉祥,好运永远伴你身旁!
Happy birthday, peace and good luck on your way to life, and good luck will always be with you!
32、这一刻,有我最深的思念。让云捎去满心的祝福,点缀你甜蜜的梦,愿你度过一个温馨浪漫的生日!
At this moment, I have my deepest thoughts. Let the clouds carry with them heartfelt blessings and embellish your sweet dreams. May you have a warm and romantic birthday!
33、愿你的生日充满无穷的快乐,愿你明天的回忆温馨,愿你在新的一岁里梦想成真!
May your birthday be filled with endless happiness, your memories of tomorrow be warm, and your dreams come true in the new year!
34、祝远方的朋友生日快乐,永远快乐!
Happy birthday to friends from afar, and always happy!
35、在这个美丽的季节里,愿朋友一路鲜花相伴,快乐走向长长人生路!在此祝愿,生日快乐!
In this beautiful season, I wish my friends a long and happy life with flowers! Happy birthday to you!