北京司机导游词通用3篇 北京导游词实用20篇

各位游客朋友们：

大家好，我是本次旅游的导游，今天将和大家一起去参观北京故宫。

故宫，又称紫禁城，位于北京市区中心，它始建于明朝，至今已有620xx年的历史，明清两朝皇帝曾经在这里生活和处理朝政，故宫的建筑大部分是以黄琉璃瓦为顶,在阳光照耀下,金碧辉煌，极为壮观。故宫是一组规模宏大，结构精美，布局严谨的宫殿式古建筑群。

游客朋友们，这就是金碧辉煌的北京故宫，等一下我将带领大家一起参观，参观请大家注意以下几点：

1、 不要在墙壁、栏杆等建筑上乱写乱刻。

2、 不允许拍照的地方请自觉收好照相机(录音机)。

3、 把随手垃圾扔在指定地点。

保护世界遗产人人有责，谢谢大家。

故宫被分为外朝和内廷，两大部分。我们首先参观的是皇帝举行大典的地方，这里是乾清宫、交泰殿和坤宁宫。它们统称为内廷，是皇帝处理日常事务及皇帝、皇后居住的地方。

各位游客，今天的参观虽然劳累，但是收获很大，我们饱览故宫，领略了它的辉煌，游览过程中各位都能遵守规定，现在我给每个人颁发一枚“文明游客”纪念章，谢谢各位，再见。

(进午门之后)进了故宫，大家首先看见的就是人……为什么这么多人来到这里呢?因为明朝永乐年间，一百万劳工花了十四年的时间修筑起来的故宫是世界是最大的宫殿，非常有名。每天都有数万名游客来这里观光。

故宫的面积约是天安门广场的两倍，比凡尔赛宫殿还大，是日本平安神宫的十倍左右。故宫的历史开始于570年前，请大家把思绪拉回到570年前来游览故宫吧!

这个建筑是故宫朝南的正门，叫作午门。午是正晌午时的午，是位于正中的意思。午门的下面，有五个拱门，正中间的门只有皇帝才能出入，即使地位很高的大臣，也只能使用两侧的门;地方上的诸候只能使用最两端的小门。这些都是根据身份，等级来严格规定的。过去，只有皇后在结婚的时候，才能从午门进入一次，其它女性一律禁止出入午门。当然现在是谁都可以进啦。过去对皇帝的心腹都是这样严厉，一般百姓就更不用提啦。连靠近故宫都不行。所以，这个故宫又被称作紫禁城。紫是紫色的紫。过去有天帝之子，老子住的地方当然也得是紫色的宫殿才中!于是，用了个紫字。禁就是禁止入内的禁字，也就是禁止随便进放的意思。

这正中的路是皇帝专用的。这条但是故宫的中轴线，也是整个北京城的中轴线。北京的主要建筑大多都沿着这个中轴线而建，两边的建筑也多是对称的。皇帝的宫殿位于这中轴线的中间，显示着”普天之下，唯我独尊”。这条路是用大理石铺成的。请看，这大理石路比两边的路高出一块儿来。当皇帝将走这段路时，还要在上面铺上地毯之类的东西，这样就高了。所以纵然皇帝身材短小，在这上面一走，也显得高大伟岸!

皇帝是了不起的”爷们儿”，这中间的门也是了不起的”爷门儿”。每当皇帝经过这中间的门时，都要敲响大钟、大鼓伴奏才行。皇帝就这样迈着步子：咚咚---咚咚咚咚---咚---咚真戳威严无比!皇帝打心眼儿里感觉到：看!还是老子伟大!下面，我们大家也假装当回皇帝，体会一下皇帝走路的感觉吧!

(在太和门前)这个建筑叫太和门，是故宫里最大的木制大门。在这个大门的前面，放有一对狮子，这是明代用青铜的。狮子强悍，吼声震天，使百兽惧怕，放在这里，代表着皇帝的威严。那里有个石头做的像邮筒似的东西，那是大臣，诸候求皇帝时，要写申请书放在里边，由皇帝的仆人转达给皇帝：”万岁，此人求见，可以吗?””好。””是，遵命。”就可以有进了。如果皇帝狱：”不行!”那求见的人就会被撵走。和它相对称的那边，还有一个石头做成的东西，它的形状像一个大印，象征着皇帝的权力。也就是说：老子的权力坚如磐石，不管世间有何变动，老子的权力永远不变!

(经过太和门之后)前面的大殿叫太和殿，是故宫内最大的建筑物，并且是过去北京城最高的建筑物。皇帝下令：任何人的房子也不能高出老子的房子。所以京城只好建了平房，北京过去曾被称为”平房之都”。

下边的广场是太和殿广场，为什么要建这么大的广场呢?如果不建这个广场或是建个小广场，那么，人们就不会感觉到太和殿的雄伟壮观。只有建这么大的广场，站在这里向对面看去：蓝天之下，黄瓦生辉。再加上下面白色的石台，给人以豪华绚烂之感。举行大典的时候，皇帝坐在太和殿正中的御座;文武百官跪伏在广场。那时还要往石台上的大鼎里放入绿叶松枝燃烧，弄得烟雾缭绕，太和殿直就像云中楼阁一样，文武百官仰望着云中楼阁呼万岁，坐在御座上的皇帝感觉是多么良好，就可想而知啦。

(在太和殿广场)尽管故宫周围有十米高的城墙和52米宽的护城河，皇帝还是担心有人挖地道钻进故宫暗杀他，吓得睡不好觉，，绞尽脑汁想了个办法，就是把广场用十五层砖横、竖交叉地铺严实了，才终于放下心来。从这件事也可以看出，当时的权力斗争是何等激烈!当然在大典时，文武百官三呼万岁，但皇帝还是怀有戒心：这里面，这家伙，那家伙，说不定哪个家伙想暗杀老子，不注意哪行!这广场的砖层大约有三、四米深。

(在太和殿的石台上)这个由石头做成的东西叫嘉量，嘉量是当时的标准度量衡，表示皇帝公平处事，谁半斤，谁八两，心里自然有数。对面还有一个石头做成的东西，叫作日晷。发音和日记一样，但不是日记，是用来看时间的石头表。皇帝的意思是：重量和时间的基准都在老子这里。

那边有鹤和龟，”千年仙鹤，万年龟”，是长寿的象征。不过，中国和日本不同，是颠倒过来说的，叫作”万年仙鹤，千年龟”。为什么说法不一样呢?大概是过去日本的留学生在中国学了词句之后，乘船归国途中，由于船的颠簸使头脑产生混乱，记颠倒了。还有许多例子，如：日本讲良妻贤母，中国讲贤妻良母;日本讲平和，中国讲和平;日本讲法政大学，而在中国叫作政法大学。文章的意思完全一样，但只是顺序不同，大概就是乘船颠簸所致。那鹤和龟不单是一种装饰物，也是一种香炉。它们的背都盖着盖儿，每当大典时，就把盖掀起来，放入檀香燃烧，那烟就从它们的嘴里缓缓溢出，就好像它们都在吞云吐雾一样。

请大家从石台上回头看广场。我们进了故宫之后还没有看见过树。为什么在这么宽阔的地方连一树都不种呢?……不是为了防止暗杀，而是为了制造气氛。如果种了树，郁郁葱葱一片绿，鸟儿在上面又唱又叫的，就会呈现出生活的气息。如果不种绎，就会产生庄严的气氛。我们来想像一下：过去大臣、诸候要见皇帝时，全都得从天安门走着进来，走在宽阔的路上看着高大的建筑，在庄严肃穆的气氛中，大臣、诸候就会越走越感到压力沉重，当走到皇帝面前时，就会自然地双腿打着哆嗦跪下来了。

中国历史上最后一个皇帝---爱新觉罗.溥仪三岁时当上皇帝的，他即位时的御座就在太和殿的正中。现在开始五分钟自由活动，五分钟后在那凉快的地方集合。

各位团友大家好，今天我们要参观的是世界上现存规模最大、保存最完整的古代祭天建筑群——天坛。

天坛位于北京东南侧，也是我国和世界上现存规模最大的古代祭祀性建筑群。始建于明永乐四年，至明永乐十八年完工。占地面积273公顷。相当于故宫的三倍还多。是明清两代皇帝祭天祈谷的场所，每年“三孟”举行祭祝，即孟春祈谷，孟夏祈雨，孟冬祀天。初建时这里也是祭祀地神的地方，称天地坛。直到明嘉靖九年在北部另建地坛。那时天地开始分别祭祀，同时还另建两坛。才形成了现今的南天坛、北地坛、东日坛、西月坛这“京郊四坛”。

天坛是圜丘、祈谷两坛的总称。建筑布局呈“回”字形，有坛墙两重，形成内外坛，坛墙南方北圆，象征天圆地方，故又称天地墙。主要建筑有祈年殿、圜丘坛、皇穹宇、斋宫、外坛神乐署和牺牲所。除了斋宫在西部以外，其他主要三组均在一条中轴线上。在北京古代建筑中是唯一一个中轴不对称的建筑。

可是这样一个祭天圣地，却也曾经在1860年时遭到英法联军的洗劫，继而在1900年的时候又遭到了八国联军的蹂躏。在1916年袁世凯登基的时候也曾经在天坛上演了一出祭天的闹剧。在1918年，天坛最终还是以公园开放。解放以后天坛不仅成了著名的旅游景点，而且还是北京城市绿地的组成部分，来这里的不光是旅游者，还不乏一些专门为了强身健体的老人们。

现在就让我们沿着当年皇帝登坛的路线开始此次游览。

我们先介绍一下斋宫。斋宫位于天坛西门内，里面有著名的无梁殿。面积约4万平方米，有小紫禁城之称，是皇帝祭祀前斋戒的地方。皇帝在祭天前要在此斋戒三天。三天里“不吃荤、不饮酒、不娱乐、多沐浴、不理刑名、不近女色。”所谓至斋。在斋宫殿前的露台上左右还各有一个石亭。右面的为时辰亭，左面的为斋戒铜人亭。铜人高0.5米身着文官服饰，相传是唐代的魏征。手持斋戒铜牌，上刻“斋戒”二字，用来警示皇上。

下面我们来看圜丘坛。圜丘坛通高5.7米，分三层。每层的四个方向各有九级艾叶青石铺就的台阶。四面围有汉白玉护栏。坛外面有两道围墙，围墙从东向面依次有泰元、昭亨、广利、成贞四座棂星门。现在我们开始登坛，请大家注意一下坛面。坛面上所用的石料的数字都与九相关，上层直径9丈，中层直径15丈，下层直径21丈。三层共45丈，既是9 的倍数又含有“__之尊”的意思。最上一层坛面中间的那块圆形的大理石叫做天心石。又叫“亿兆影从石”。人站在上面说话会感到强烈的共鸣。围绕天心石这一层共砌着9圈巨大的扇形石，第一圈9块，第二圈18块。以此类推，到了最外边的第九圈正好是81块;第二层，第层也一样。直至最外第27圈。同样大家抬头就可以看到的护板被四面台阶分为四个部分，每个部分也都有9块，中层的护板是18块，下层的是27块，这些都是根据阴阳五行来做的。9是极阳数，所以古代的工匠便用这个数字来强调天的崇高，神圣。祭天时的步骤可分为：燔柴迎帝神、苍壁礼天、进俎、初献礼、亚献礼、终献礼、撤馔、送帝神、望燎。

大家再看圜丘坛的西南方。有三座高大的石台，叫做望灯台。台上的长杆是望灯杆。杆高九丈,通体红色。祭天时，望灯杆上各悬挂一只直径六尺高八尺的灯笼。灯笼内点蟠龙通宵宝蜡，可持续燃烧六个时辰。不灭、不流油、不用剪蜡花。

现在咱们继续沿着中轴线行走，前面的建筑就是天库——皇穹宇。皇穹宇建于明嘉靖九年，起初叫做泰神殿，嘉靖十七年，改名为现在的皇穹宇，这里是专门存放神牌的地方。既有皇天上帝的神牌，也有风雷雨电的神牌。这组建筑不仅造型精美，而且还有和天心石合称天坛三大声学现象的回音壁、三音石。

回音壁就是皇穹宇的外墙，围墙建造的磨砖对缝，是很好的传声体，只要正确的对着墙说话，就算相隔四五十米，见不到面，都可以清晰的听到对方说话。而三音石则是皇穹宇大殿正前方的三块石头，您站在第一块石头上拍手可以听到一次回音，第二块石头可以听到两次，而第三块就可以听到三次回音，所以叫三音石。后来取天地人三才之意又叫“三才石”。

大家应该早就注意到了吧!天坛有非常多的柏树。而在这许多古柏当中，有一株500余岁的桧柏，就是回音壁西墙外的那棵九龙柏。因为它的树干表面布满了旋转扭曲的沟纹，犹如九龙飞腾，所以叫它九龙柏。

回音壁北侧，有一条宽广的大道，也就是叫做海墁大道的丹陛桥。因路面下边建有涵洞成立体交叉，类似立交桥，所以称之为桥。穿过丹陛桥后，我们看到的就是祈谷坛建筑群了。祈谷坛是三层汉白玉圆坛，占地面积近六千平方米。祈年殿就建上面。

祈年殿是天坛的象征。也曾经是中国的象征性建筑物，原名大祀殿。有祈祷丰收之年的意思。在建筑上，它是圆形重檐攒尖顶，顶部覆盖蓝色竹节瓦。逐层收缩，高达九丈，由28根红柱子支撑。是我国唯一留下来的仿明堂式建筑。过去，琉璃瓦分三种颜色，也三种不同的意思。即：上青，代表上天、中黄，代表皇帝、下绿，代表黎民百姓。后为了表示对上天的尊敬，全部改换成蓝色琉璃瓦。

而殿顶和支撑殿顶的28根柱子，也有不同的代表意义。殿顶周长30丈，代表一月30天。四根龙井柱，象征一年有四个季节。中层12根象征一年有12个月。外层12根象征一日有12时辰。中层与外层24根象征24节气。三层共28根象征天上的28星宿。如果再加上殿顶顶部的8根童柱共计36根。则象征天上的36天罡。在宝顶上还有一根叫雷公柱的镏金短铜柱，象征皇帝一统天下。 除此之外，殿顶内部还有一“龙凤藻井”，地面有一块“龙凤呈祥石”。二者相映成趣。

和祭天一样，每年这里都要举行用来祈谷的礼仪。每次祭祀前都要将大殿修饰一新。

现在我们从祈谷坛的东门出来，可以看到一条长廊，共七十二间，俗称七十二连房，它连接神厨神库，是祭祀时运送祭品的通道。在长廊的东南方向，有八块巨大的青石，称为七星石。这是风水镇石。关于七星石的说法有二。一说明代有个道士和皇帝说祈年殿的东南方空旷，于国家不利。所以就在这里放了象征着北斗七星的七块石头。二说，七星石代表东岳七峰。至于东北的小青石，是因为康熙皇帝为了给满族入主中原寻找理论依据，而派人考察泰山的发脉地络，认定泰山发脉于东北的长白山后增加的。

今天的观光游览就要结束了，在天坛的这段时光希望能成为您北京之游中的永恒记忆。

什刹海景区历史文化积淀深厚，有文物保护单位40余处，占西城区的三分之一以上。历文上本地区曾建有王府、寺观、庵庙等多达30余座，现仍尚存10几处。什刹海景区的不少古建筑在北京城市建设发展史上及政治文化史上占有重要地位，主要代表有恭王府及花园、宋庆龄故居及醇王府、郭沫若纪念馆、钟鼓楼、德胜门箭楼、广化寺、汇通祠、会贤堂。

什刹海34公顷的水面十分自然地融入城市街区之中，依托水体，还有湖岸的垂柳、水中的荷花等也成为什刹海频具特色自然景观。号称“燕京小八景”之一的“银锭观山”在景区中具有典型意义。

什刹海地区的街巷结构最早形成于元代，区内不少建筑年代久远，具有北京传统建筑的典型特征。北京城市总体规划己将该地区列为重点保护的二十五个历史街区之一。此外，在本地区居住着的民民少则居住了十几年、几十年，多则数代居住于此，形成了老北京淳朴热情的邻里生活环境。

什刹海景区具有大量典型的胡同和四合院，如金丝套地区的大、小金丝胡同，南、北官房胡同和后海北沿的鸦儿胡同以及白米斜街、烟袋斜街等。依托胡同和四合院，什刹海地区自古以来就有许多富有特色的民裕活动，如放荷灯、泛舟游湖、宴饮赏荷、冰床围酌、大阅冰鞋等。至今，一些有生命力的民俗活动仍然在什刹海地区大量存在。如钓鱼、游泳、划船、赛艇、下棋、弹唱、消夏舞会等。“胡同游”即活跃在这片得天独厚的自然人文环境中。

“什刹海水上游”采用长7米、宽1.7米，依清明上河图中船形打造的古色古意的橹船作交通工具，从水路穿过银锭桥去宋庆龄故居、广化寺和恭王府花园。日落西山船行什刹海，游人点起纸河灯放入水中，灯浮水面沿船尾浮动，忽明忽暗灿烂一片，这一景象使人恍如回到唐宋年间的西湖月夜。

(故宫午门前)

女士们、先生们：

今天有幸陪同大家一道参观，我感到很高兴。这里就是世界闻名的故宫博物馆，一般大家都简称它为故宫，清朝末代皇帝爱新觉罗.溥仪被迫宣告退位上溯至1420年明朝第三代永乐皇帝朱棣迁都于此，先后有明朝的14位，清朝的10位，共24位皇帝在这座金碧辉煌的宫城里统治中国长达五个世纪之久。帝王之家，自然规模宏大，气势磅礴，时至今日这里不仅在中国，在世界上也是规模最大，保存最完整的古代皇家宫殿建筑群。由于这座宫城集中体现了我国古代建筑艺术的优秀传统和独特风格，所以在建筑史上具有十分重要的地位，是建筑艺术的经典之作，1987年已被联合国教科文组织评定为世界文化遗产。

故宫又称紫禁城，究其由来，是由天文学说和民间传说相互交融而形成的。中国古代天文学家将天上所有的星宿分为三垣、二十八宿、三十一天区。其中的三垣是指太微垣、紫微垣和天市垣。紫微垣在三垣的中央，正符合紫微居中”的说法。因此，古人认为紫外线微垣是天帝之座，故被称为紫宫。皇帝是天帝之子、人间至尊，因此他们也要模仿天帝，在自己宫殿的名字上冠其紫字，以表现其位居中央，环视天下的帝王气概。还有一个说法就是指紫气东来”。传说老子出函谷关，关令尹喜见有紫气从东来，知道将有圣人过关。果然老子骑了青牛前来，喜便请他写下了《道德经》。后人因此以紫气东来”表示祥瑞。帝王之家当然希望出祥瑞天象，那么用紫”字来命名也就顺理成章了。禁”字的意思就比较明显了，那就是皇宫禁地，戒备森严，万民莫近。此话决无半个虚字，在1924年末代皇帝被逐出宫后这里正式开放以前平民百姓别想踏近半步，大家可以想像紫禁城过去是多么崇高威严，神圣不可侵犯啊!

紫禁城建在北京，是有其历史的，也因为这里是一块风水宝地，说起来话长。故宫从明永乐四年(1406)开始修建，用了14年的时间才基本建成，到今天已有570多年的历史。大家看到了，故宫是一级红墙黄瓦的建筑群，为什么这样呢?据道家阴阳五行学说认为，五行包括金，木，水，火，土，其中土占中央方位，因为华夏民族世代生息在黄土高原上，所以对黄色就产生了一种崇仰和依恋的感情，于是从唐朝起，黄色就成了代表皇家的色彩，其他人不得在服饰和建筑上使用。而红色，则寓意着美满，吉祥和富贵，正由于这些原因，故宫建筑的基本色调便采用了红，黄两种颜色。

故宫占地72万多平方米，有宫殿楼阁9900多间，建筑面积约15万平方米。四周有高9.9米，号称10米的城墙，墙外一周是52米宽的护城河，俗称筒子河。城南北长约960米，东西宽约760米，城上四角各有一座结构奇异，和谐美观的角楼，呈八角形，人称九梁十八柱，七十二条脊。城四周各设一门，南面的正门是午门，北门叫神武门，东门叫东华门，西门叫西华门。故宫在施工中共征集了全国著名的工匠23万，民夫100万人。所用的建筑材料来自全国各地。比如汉白玉石料来自北京房山县，五色虎皮石来自河北蓟县的盘山，花岗石采自河北曲阳县。宫殿内墁地的方砖，烧制在苏州，砌墙用砖是山东临清烧的。宫殿墙壁上所用的红色，原料产自山东宣化(今高青县)的烟筒山。木料则主要来自湖广，江西，山西等省。由此也可以看出当时工程之浩大。

我们眼前的建筑叫午门。午门是紫禁城的正门，俗称五凤楼。明代，每年正月十五，午门都要悬灯赐食百官。到了清代这种活动就取消了。每年农历十月初一，都要在这里举行颁布次年年历仪式，清代乾隆年间因避乾隆帝弘历”的名字，故将颁历”改称颁朔”。清代，皇帝举行朝会或大祀，以及元旦，冬至，万寿，大婚等重大节日，都要在这里陈设卤簿，仪仗。此外，国家凡有征战凯旋时，皇帝在午门接受献俘典礼，如果皇帝亲征也从午门出驾。

关于推出午门斩首”的说法，可能是由于戏剧午台上及野史小说敷衍而来的。实际上是明代朝廷命官犯罪，有的在午门廷杖，当然严重的可能也有被当场打死的。

(进午门后金水桥前)

现在我们已经到了故宫里面，在正式游览之前，我先介绍一下故宫的布局和参观路线。故宫占地72万多平方米，在这样大的面积上，集各种建筑手法，建造一组规模如此宏大的建筑群，不但没有纷杂现象，反而给人以结构严谨，色彩辉煌和布局规整的感觉，最主要的手段是建造中突出了一条极为明显的中轴红，这条中轴线和整座北京城有机地结为一体，北从钟楼，南至永定门，总长度约8公里，皇家禁区苑内的部分约占三分之一。宫内重要建筑都在这条中轴线上，其它建筑分东西对称分布。整个宫殿的设计和布局都表现了封建君主的尊严”和对封建等级制度的森严。

故宫分外朝内廷。现在我们在外朝的最南端正，前面是太和门。门前有一对青铜狮子，威严，凶悍，成了门前桥头的守卫者，象征着权力与尊严。皇帝贵为天子，门前的狮子自然最精美，最高大了。东边立的为雄狮，前爪下有一只幼狮，象征皇权永存，千秋万代。我们眼前的这条小河，叫金水河，起装饰和防水之用。河上五座桥象征孔子所提倡的五德：仁、义、礼、智、信。整条河外观象支弓，中轴线就是箭，这表明皇帝受命于天，代天帝治理国家。

(在太和门前)

故宫建筑分为外朝”与内廷”两大部分。由午门到乾清门之间的部分分为外朝”，以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心，东西两侧有文华、武英两组宫殿，左右对称，形成外朝”雄伟壮观的格局。三大殿前后排列在同一个庞大的工”字型汉白玉石殿基上，殿基高8米，分为三层，每层有汉白玉石刻栏杆围绕，三台中有三层石雕御路”。太和殿俗称金銮殿，是故宫最高大的一座建筑物，也是国内最高大、最壮丽的古代木结构建筑。乾清门以内为内廷”，建筑布局也是左右对称。中部为乾清宫，交泰殿、坤宁宫，是封建皇帝居住和处理日常政务的地方。两侧的东、西六宫是嫔妃的住所，东、西一所是皇子的住所。内廷”还有为皇家游玩的三处花园——御花园、慈宁花园、乾隆花园。内金水河沿内廷”西边蜿蜒绕过英武殿、太和门、文华殿流出宫外，河上有白玉石桥，沿河两岸有曲折多姿的白玉雕栏杆，形似玉带。故宫建筑绝大部分以黄琉璃瓦为顶，在阳光下金碧辉煌，庄严美观。

故宫中的建筑除了突出中轴线外，还用了各种手法，使宫城中各组建筑独具特色。比如殿基的处理，殿顶的形式，吻兽和垂脊兽的数目，彩绘图案的规制等等。这样，不仅使主要建筑更显得高大，壮观，而且还表现了宫中建筑的等级差别。民间传说故宫有房9999间半，说天上的皇宫一共有房10000间，地上的皇帝自称天子”，不敢与其同数，所以就少了半间。这半间房在哪儿呢?它指的便是文渊阁西头那一小间。实际上紫禁城有房9000余间，所谓的这半间是根本不存在的。文渊阁西头一间，面积虽小，仅能容纳一个楼梯，但它仍是一整间。文渊阁楼下是藏我国第一部《四库全书》的地方，为了照顾布局上的美观，所以把西头一间建造的格外小。

(经过太和门之后)

女士们、先生们，前面的大殿叫太和殿，俗称金銮殿，是故宫内最大宫殿。建筑面积2377平方米，重檐庑殿顶，是殿宇中最高等级，为外朝三大殿中最大的一座。太和殿建在三层重叠的工”字型须弥座上，由汉白玉雕成，离地8余米，下层台阶21级，中，上层各9级。

太和殿始建于公元1406年，经历了三次火灾和一次兵燹的毁坏，现在大家看到的是清朝建的。四个屋檐上各有一排动物，原来是钉子，用来固定瓦片用的，后来换成了神话传说中的动物，据说可以辟邪，而且数量越多，表明建筑越重要。太和殿上有9个，9是阳之极数，依次为7、5、3、1，平民百姓家是不允许有这种装饰的。

明清两朝曾有24个皇帝在此登基，宣布即位诏书。元旦、冬至、皇帝生日、册立皇后、颁布法令、政令、派将出征、金殿传胪以及赐安等等，皇帝都要在这里举行仪式，接受文武百官朝贺。

这个广场是太和殿广场，面积达3万平方米。整个广场无一草一木，空旷宁静，给人以森严肃穆的感觉。正中为御路，左右地面铺的砖横七竖八，共15层，以防有人挖地道进入皇宫。周围有一些大缸，是做什么用的呢?在故宫里一共有308个大缸，是用来储水防炎的，缸下可烧炭加温，防止冬天缸水结冰。为什么要建这么大的广场呢·那是是为了让人们感觉到太和殿的雄伟壮观。站在下面向前望去：蓝天之下，黄瓦生辉。层层石台，如同白云，加上香烟缭绕，整个太和殿好像天上仙境一样。举行大典时，殿内的珐琅仙鹤盘上点上蜡烛，香亭、香炉烧檀香，露台上的铜炉、龟、鹤燃松柏枝，殿前两侧香烟缭绕，全场鸦雀无声。皇帝登上宝座时，鼓乐齐鸣，文武大臣按吕级跪伏在广场，仰望着云中楼阁山呼万岁，以显示皇帝无上权威与尊严。

清朝末代皇帝溥仪1908年底登基时，年仅3岁，由他父亲摄政王载沣把他抱扶到宝座上。当大典开始时差，突然鼓乐齐鸣，吓得小皇帝哭闹不止，嚷着要回家去。载沣急得满头大汗，只好哄着小皇帝说：别哭，别哭，快完了，快完了!”大臣们认为此话不吉祥，说来也巧，3年后清朝果真就灭亡了，从而结束了我国20__多年的封建统治。

女士们、先生们:

今天，我带领大家去故宫参观游览。

故宫又称紫禁城，在北京城中心。

占面积72万多平方米，宫殿有楼阁9900余间。

是明、清两代皇帝的住所。

城四周各设一门，南面的正门是午门，北门叫神武门，东门叫东华门，西门叫西华门。

据说，造就故宫就召集了全国著名的工匠23万人左右，民夫100万人，由此可以知道故宫多少大，有多少壮观。

故宫整个院落分为两大部分，即“前朝”和“后寝”。

“前朝”是皇帝举行盛大典礼的地方，以太和殿、中和殿、保和殿及东西两侧的文华殿及武英殿为主。

“后寝”是皇帝及后妃、未成年的子嗣们居住的地方，主要以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫及东西六宫为主。

大家请看，这座建筑物就是午门，午门又称五凤楼。

明代，每年正月十五，午门都要悬挂灯赐食百官。

到了清代，这个活动就取消了，此外，国家凡有征战凯旋时，皇帝都要在此接受献俘典礼，皇帝亲征也从午门出驾。

关于戏曲舞台上“推出午门斩首”的说法，实际上是明代朝廷命官犯罪在午门廷杖，好，我们再往前走。

现在我们已来到了太和殿广常这是铜香炉，这里一共有18 个，代表清朝18个剩东西两侧各有一只铜制的仙鹤和龟，是代表长寿的象征。

看，现在展现在我们眼前的是太和殿，是整座紫禁城内级别最高的建筑，只有皇帝举行盛大典礼时才使用，象征皇权的至高无上，。

太和殿俗称金銮殿，太和殿正面有12根大柱，东西约63米，高35米。

整个大殿雕梁画栋，一条条巨龙蜿蜒盘旋在大红柱子上，这些龙姿态不一，刻画的栩栩如生。

整个宫殿也非常豪华富贵。

殿内有2米高的平台，上面雕刻着9条金龙的宝座。

后面有金漆围屏，前面有御案。

殿顶形式为最高等级的重檐庑殿顶，就连大殿正脊上的吻兽也是我国目前最大的，总之处处显示“第一”。

看完了太和殿，我们再来看中和殿。

大家请看!中和殿是皇帝在大典前等待吉时、稍事休息的地方。

下面，请大家跟我来一起参观当时的国宴厅--保和殿。

各位朋友，这座大殿是故宫前朝三大殿中的最后一座大殿，叫保和殿。

这座大殿被称为清代的国宴厅及科举考常

现在我们来到了乾清宫，这是皇帝在紫禁城中居住和处理日常政事的地方。

乾清宫分为中殿、东暖阁及西暖阁三个部分。

正殿是皇帝处理日常政务、临时按见大臣的地方，殿中设有皇帝宝座及御案，正中挂着一块“正大光明”匾，那是清朝皇帝的祖训，作为治国、修身、平天下的基本准则。

东、西暖阁是皇帝晚上住宿的地方。

现在请各位随我去参观交泰殿。

各位请看，这座四角攒尖顶的大殿叫交泰殿，这座建筑是明清两朝皇后过生日时举行寿庆活动的地方。

在大殿后墙匾额上有“无为”二字，那里是康熙皇帝的御笔，意思是希望后代能够以德制国，施以仁政，以图国家长治久安。

各位朋友，现在我们来到了紫禁城的后花园--御花园，这里是帝后们的休闲娱乐的场所。

大家可以在此拍照留念。

由于时间关系，我们就先讲到这里，下面给大家2小时自由参观的时间，请大家不要在墙上乱涂乱画，保护文化遗产，希望大家玩的愉快。

中国的长城作为坚固的军事防御功能，已经永远失去了它的历史作用，但作为伟大的建筑永远屹立在中华大地。成为中华民族。团结的象征。1987年，长城被列入《世界文化遗产名录》，被专家学者称为“世界上最长的防御性城墙”。

今天我们登上了长城，在中国的旅游界界流行着一句话“不到长城非好汉”。现在各位都是英雄好汉了，女士们就是巾帼英雄。长城横贯中国的北部，长达6000多公里，合计120_多华里，所以叫“万里长城”。长城与黄河被称为中国北方两巨龙。北京位于黄河以北，长城以南，俗话说“万里长城万里长，遥想当年秦始皇”，其实长城并非起自秦始皇，应该说是起自春秋战国。

公元前220_年，友好往来一举灭掉了六国，他把中国北部的旧长城连接了起来。形成了一道西起临洮，东到辽东的万里长城。这一段历史时期的长城叫做秦长城。大家听说过孟姜女哭长城的传说吗?说的是孟姜女新婚不久，他的丈夫范杞良就被抓去修长城。一去三年，没有音信。一天夜里孟姜女做了一个梦，梦见她的丈夫饥寒交迫，衣不遮体，浑身发抖。喊着说：“我冷啊!我冷啊!”于是孟姜女决定千里寻夫为他送寒衣。她从江淮一带(今安徽)来到北方，沿着长城找寻她的丈夫，她四处打听，一直都没有下落。到山海关一带，一个修城的工头说，范杞良早已经死了。她悲痛欲绝，放声大哭。哭倒了长城八百里。这个传说反映了秦始皇强征民夫，横征暴敛的暴政。

到了西汉时期，汉武帝又修了一道外长城。而且，把它修到了阴山以北，可怜的匈奴人只有“望队山而泣”。真可谓“不叫胡马度阴山”。这一段汉长城可以说是西起新疆境内，东经蒙古，一直到黑龙江流域长达两万余里。这一时期的长城，称为汉长城。

公元1368年，明朝皇帝朱元璋派大将徐达北筑长城，从那时起直到明朝末期，先后大修长城十八次，历时260余年。公元1520_年，也就是弘治十二年，才完成了明长城的规模。它东起鸭绿江西到嘉峪关，经辽宁、河北、北京、山西、陕西、内蒙古、宁夏、甘肃等省市自治区。全长12700多华里。这一时期的长城叫明长城。就是今天我们各位看到的八达岭这一段的长城。所以说在历史上有三次筑城高潮。这就是秦长城、汉长城、明长城。

如果我们把中国历代的长城全部加起来，它遍布16个省市自治区，总长度5.4万公里，合计10.8万华里。

居庸关号称天下雄关，俗话说“长城之险不在居庸关，而在八达岭”。也就是说“关在居庸，险在八达岭”。八达岭这段长城以瓮城为中心，南至七楼，北到十十楼，全长4770米。它是北京山区通向塞外的唯一通道，八达岭是居庸关的前哨阵地，取四通八达之意。由此可以通向延庆、宣化、张家口、大同、永宁、四海的交通汇集点。八达岭西有岔道城，驻兵780多人。是重要的前哨阵地。建于1531年(嘉靖三十年)，而八达岭建于1520_年(弘治20_年)，这一带的山叫做军都山，崇山峻岭，形势险要，城关重重，但它终没有挡住李自成的农民军，1644年3月18日，李自成率32万大军东度太行山，直取八达岭破居庸关。逼的明朝皇帝崇祯自缢死在煤山，推翻了明王朝。请大家看长城，在总体构造上是上窄下宽，上窄约5.8米，下宽约6.5米。它分别由四种基本的构造构成的，一，城墙;二，城台;三，关隘;四，烽火台。墙内有券门，中间有石梯相连，城墙上可容五马并走。烽火台又叫烟墩，用于传递军情。

它独立于长城之外，几乎每隔一里就有一座。在万里长城上形成了千里的报警系统。每当有敌兵进犯的时候，烽火台燃起烽火，传递军情，白天点烟有枯枝柴加狼粪所以又叫狼烟，烟色浓黑冲上蓝天这叫烽;夜间点烟，必然看不风，就点火这叫燧。合起来称为烽燧。歌曲里唱的“狼烟遍地”也就是战争爆发了。明朝规定来犯敌兵百余人点一烟，鸣一炮;五百人左右，两烟两炮;千余人以上，三烟三炮;五千人以上，四烟四炮;万人以上，五烟五炮。各位听说过烽火戏诸侯的故事吗?说的是西周的时候，周幽王为此烦恼，不知如何使她笑起来，这时有位拍马屁的大臣说，您可以在骊山的烽火台上燃起烽火，各位诸侯必然闻讯来救，当他们看到没有敌人，场面必然十分尴尬。果然当周幽王燃起烽火的时候，各路诸侯以为就师告急，空忙一场，看到各路诸侯狼狈的样子，褒姒不禁一笑，周幽王大喜，各路诸侯愤然而去。后来，西戎族真的来攻打京师了，周幽王燃起烽火求救，结果各路诸侯按兵不动，其下场是周幽王被杀，而褒姒被俘，这就是历史上的“周幽王烽火戏诸侯，褒姒一笑失天下”。

尊敬的游客们!大家好!我是你们今天的导游，大家叫我于导游就行啦。

今天我们将要参观的是北京故宫，大家下车时请保管好随身物品准备下车，请不要随地吐痰，乱扔垃圾，注意安全。这就是故宫，又叫紫禁城，它坐落于北京市中心，为明清两代的皇宫，故宫的建设是以南京故宫为蓝本，从大江南北征调能工巧匠，经历了20xx年的时间才建成了故宫。

请大家走上台阶往下眺望，就可以看见故宫的全景了。故宫的平面是一个正方形，南北长961米，东西宽753米，占地面积约72万多平方米。大家请跟我来看一看四面筑有的城墙，它们周长3428米，墙高7.9米，底部宽8.62米，上部宽6.66米。大家请往上面看，上不外侧筑有雕刻，内侧砌墙宇。大家请随我来，请看墙外有一条宽52米，长380米的护城河环绕，构成完整的防御系统。大家请向东西南北四个方向看，宫城辟有四门，南面有午门是故宫正门，北面有神武门又叫玄武门，东面是东华门，西面是西华门。

大家往前走看到的就是太和殿了，太和殿为故宫第一大殿，俗称金銮宝殿，在北京故宫的中心部位，与中和殿和保和殿合称“故宫三大殿”。太和殿始建于明朝永乐四年，现存建筑是康熙三十四年所修的，明清两代皇帝即位、大婚、册立皇后以及元旦赐宴等大典均在此举行。

今天我们游览就到这，希望大家有时间去细细游赏其他宫殿。

谢谢!

魏嘉平二年(250年)征北将军刘靖驻守蓟城时，命军士千人在桑乾河上修戾陵堰，开车箱渠、导高梁河水灌溉。高梁河水系下游即今什刹海一带。

13世纪，蒙古灭金在的宫殿毁于大火，元世祖忽必烈决定另建一座新的都城。什刹海是元大都规划设计的最基本的依据之一。全城自北向南的中轴线是紧傍积水潭而选定的;大都城四面的城墙位置是依积水潭东南岸的距离而建的。元朝曾依托这一片水域在东岸确定了都城建设的中轴线，什刹海始成为元、明、清三代城市规划和水系的核心。元代名海子，为一宽而长的水面，明初缩小，后逐渐形成西海﹑后海﹑前海，三海水道相通。

明中叶什刹海水面稻田增加而湖面锐减，在德胜桥东南，开挖一条直通下游水面的渠道岔河)，与后海隔开，积水潭水由岔河直流到前海，南经西压闸入皇城，同时向西北，过银锭桥倒流入后海，形成“银锭观山水倒流”的景观。

顺治元年(1644年)清朝定都北京，内城由各旗分别管辖，今什刹海地区属正黄旗。康熙二十七年(1688年)疏浚什刹海。

刹海景区范围大体是什刹海景区位于北京城区中轴线的西北部，东起地安门外大街北侧;南自地安门西大街向西至龙头井向西北接柳荫街、羊房胡同、新街口东街到新街口北大街，西自新街口北大街向北到新街口豁口;北自新街口豁口向东到德胜门，由德胜门沿鼓楼西大街到钟、鼓楼。

什刹海景区历史文化积淀深厚，有文物保护单位40余处，占西城区的三分之一以上。历史上本地区曾建有王府、寺观、庵庙等多达30余座，现仍尚存10几处。什刹海34公顷的水面十分自然地融入城市街区之中，依托水体，还有湖岸的垂柳、水中的荷花等也成为什刹海频具特色自然景观。号称“燕京小八景”之一的“银锭观山”在景区中具有典型意义。什刹海景区具有大量典型的胡同和四合院，如金丝套地区的大、小金丝胡同，南、北官房胡同和后海北沿的鸦儿胡同以及白米斜街、烟袋斜街等。

各位游客你们好!欢迎来到北京故宫观光旅游，希望大家通过我的介绍，对北京故宫留下美好的印象，谢谢!

现在展示在你们面前的就是气势雄伟的故宫。故宫位于北京中心，又称紫禁城，这里曾居住过24位皇帝，是明清两代的皇宫，北京故宫是我国现存最大、最完整的古建筑群，总面积在12万多平方米，有殿宇宫室9999间半，其中最有名的是三大殿和天安门，宫殿四周围着高10米、长340米的宫墙，墙外引人注目的护城河有52米宽。

三大殿中的太和殿是最富丽堂皇的建筑，也称金銮殿。是皇帝举行大典的地方，殿高28米，东西63米，南北35米，有直径达1米的大柱92根，御座设在殿内高2米的台上，后面有精雕细刻的围屏，整个大殿金碧辉煌、庄严绚丽。

今天的观光旅游将结束，美丽的故宫欢迎您下次光临，谢谢!

Tian’anmen( the Gate of Heavenly Peace), is located in the center ofBeijing. It was first built in 1417 and named Chengtianmen( the Gate of HeavenlySuccession). At the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was seriously damaged by war.When it was rebuilt under the Qing in 1651, it was renamed Tian’anmen, andserved as the main entrance to the Imperial City, the administrative andresidential quarters for court officials and retainers. The southern sections ofthe Imperial City wall still stand on both sides of the Gate. The tower at thetop of the gate is nine-room wide and five –room deep. According to the Book ofChanges, the two numbers nine and five, when combined, symbolize the supremestatus of a sovereign.

During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Tian’anmen was the place where stateceremonies took place. The most important one of them was the issuing ofimperial edicts, which followed these steps:

1) The Minister of Rites would receive the edict in Taihedian( Hall ofSupreme Harmony), where the Emperor was holding his court. The minister wouldthen carry the decree on a yunpan( tray of cloud), and withdraw from the hallvia Taihemen( Gate of supreme Harmony)

2) The Minister would put the tray in a miniature longting( dragonpavilion). Beneath a yellow umbrella and carry it via Wumen( Meridian Gate), toTian’anmen Gate tower.

3) A courtier would be invested to proclaim the edict. The civil andmilitary officials lining both sides of the gateway beneath the tower wouldprostrate themselves in the direction of the emperor in waiting for the decreeto the proclaimed.

4) The courtier would then put the edict in a phoenix-shaped wooden box andlower it from the tower by means of a silk cord. The document would finally becarried in a similar tray of cloud under a yellow umbrella to the Ministry ofRites.

5) The edict, copied on yellow paper, would be made known to the wholecountry.

Such a process was historically recorded as “ Imperial Edict Issued byGolden Phoenix”.

During the Ming and Qing dynasties Tian’anmen was the most importantpassage. It was this gate that the Emperor and his retinue would go through ontheir way to the altars for ritual and religious activities.

On the Westside of Tian’anmen stands ZhongshanPark( Dr. Sun Yat-sen’sPark), and on the east side, the Working People’s Cultural Palave. The Park wasformerly called Shejitan( Altar of Land and Grain), built in 1420 for offeringsacrificial items to the God of Land. It was opened to the public as a park in1914 and its name was changed in 1928 to the present one in memory of the greatpioneer of the Chinese Democratic Revolution.

The Working People’s Cultural Palace used to be Taimiao( the SupremeAncestral Temple), where tablets of the deceased dynastic rulers were kept.

The stream in front of Tian’anmen is called Waijinshuihe( Outer GoldenRiver),with seven marble bridges spanning over it . Of these sevenbridges,historical records say the middle one was for the exclusive use of theemperor and was accordingly called Yuluqiao( Imperial Bridge). The bridgesflanking it on either side were meant for the members of the royal family andwere therefore called Wanggongqiao( Royal’s Bridges). Farther away on each sideof the two were bridges for officials ranking above the third order and werenamed Pinjiqiao( ministerial Bridges). The remaining two bridges were for theuse by the retinue below the third order and wre called Gongshengqiao( commonBridges). They anr the one in front of the Supreme Ancestral Temple to the eastand the one in front of the Altar of land and Grain to the west.

The two stone lions by the Gate of Tian’anmen, one on each side were meantas sentries. They gaze toward the middle axis, guarding the emperor’s walkway.In front of the gate stands a pair of marble columns called Huabiao. They areelaborately cut in bas-relief following the pattern of a legendary dragon.Behind the gate stands another pair of similar columns. The story of Huabiao maybe traced to a couple of sources. One of the versions accredits its invention toone of the Chinese sage kings named Yao, who was said to have set up a woodenpillar in order to allow the ordinary people to expose evil-doers, hence it wasoriginally called a slander pillar. Later it ws reduced to a signpost, and nowit serves as an ornament.

The beast sitting on the top of the column is called” hou”, a legendaryanimal, which is said to have been a watcher of an emperor’s behaviour. He wasdoing such duties as warning the emperor against staying too long outside thepalace or indulging in pleasure and urging him to go to the people for theircomplaints or return in due time. Therefore, the two pairs of beasts were giventhe names” Wangjunhui”( Expecting the emperor’s coming back) and “ wangjunchu”(Expecting the emperor’s going out) respectinvely.

In the old days, Tian’anmen, as a part of the Imperial City, was meant forimportant occasions. The two rows of chaofang( antechamber), on the sides behindthe main gate, wre reserved for civil and military members of the governmentwaiting for imperial audience and in front of the gate, were offices of imperialadministration.

On October 1, 1949, chairman Mao Zedong proclaimed on Tian’anmen Rostrumthe founding of the People’s Republic of China. Since then Tian’anmen has beenthe symbol of New Chinea. Chairman Mao’s portrait is hung above the centralentrance, flanked by two slogans:” Long Live the Great Unity of the Peoples ofthe World”. Today , the splendour of Tian’anmen attracts million of visitorsfrom all over the world. The Rostrum on its top was opened in 1988 to the publicfor the first time in its history. It offers a panoramic view of the Square andthe city proper.

Tian’anmen Square

Situated due south of Tian’anmen, the Square has an area of 44 hectares(109 acres) that can accommodate as many as one million people for publicgatherings. It has witnessed may historical events in China’s modern history andis a place for celebrations on such festive days as international Labour Day onMay 1st and national Day on October 1st.

Around the Square are several famous buildings:

1 The Great Hall of the People

This is one of the largest congressional buildings in the world. Built in1959, the hall consists of three parts: a 10,000-seat auditorium in the center,a banquet hall in the north wing facing Chang’an Street, with a seating capacityof 5,000, and offices for the Standing Committee of the National Peoples’Congress of China in the south. In addition, thirty-four reception chambers arenamed after various provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directlyunde the Central Government, plus Hong Kong and Macao. Each is different fromthe other in decoration and furnishings to stress their local features.

2 The Museum of Chinese History and the Museum of the ChineseRevolution

These two museums were also built in 1959. the museum of Chinese Historyhouses a permanent exhibition in four parts, covering the entire process ofChinese history spanning from 1.7 million years ago to 1919:

1) The Primitive Society( 1.7 million years ago to the 21st centuryBC);

2) The Slave Society(21st century BC to 476 BC.);

3) The Feudal Society(475 BC. To 1840 AD.);

4) The Semi-Colonial and Semi- Fedual Society(1840 to 1919.)

The Museum of the Chinese Revolution covers the period from 1919 to1949.

3 The Monument to the People’s Heroes

the monument was built in memory of thousands of martyrs who died for therevolutionary cause of the Chinese people. Its construction began on August 1,1952 and was not completed until 1958. in the form of an obelisk, the Monumentas made of more than 17,000 pieces of tranite and white marble. The purple pieceinlaid in the front of the Monument was brought from Qingdao, Shandong Province.It is 38 meters(124ft 8 in) high, the loftiest of its kind ever seen in thecountry. Not only is it an historic memorial for immortal heroes, but also it isan artistic work of excellent architectural value.

On the front side of the Monument is an engraved inscription in Chinesecharacters written by Chairman Mao Zedong, which reads” Eternal Glory to thePeople’s Heroes!”. On the back of the Monument is an article written by ChairmanMao, but in Chinese calligraphy by the late Premier Zhou Enlai.

At the top of the Monument are eight gigantic carved wreathes of suchflowers as peony, lotus and chrysanthemum, symbolizing nobility, purity, andfortitude. At the base of the monument are eight marble reliefs depicting theChinese historic events since 1840. They are:

1) The Burning of Opium in 1840:

2) The uprising of 1851 in Jintian, Guangxi;

3) The Revolution of 1911;

4) The May Fourth Movement of 1919;

5) The May 30th Movement of 1925;

6) The Uprising of 1927 in Nanchang, Jiangxi;

7) The War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression from 1937 to 1945;

8) The Victorious Crossing over the Yangtze River by the Peoples’sLiberation Army in 1949. This relief is flanked by two smaller ones—“ Supplyingthe Front” and “ Greeting the P.L.A.”.

4 Chairman Mao’s Mausoleum

Chairman Mao Zedong, the founder of the People’s Pepublic of China, passedaway on Sepember 9, 1976. In commemoration of this great man, a mausoleum beganto be constructed in November 1976, and was completes in August the followingyear. The Mausoleum was officially opened on September 9, 1977.

孔庙是祭祀著名的思想家、教育家，世界文化名人孔子的庙宇，源远流长。北京孔庙始建于元大德六年(公元1320_年)，元大德十年(公元1320_年)建成，初具规模。明嘉靖九年(公元1530年)建崇圣祠，用于供奉孔子五代先人。清光绪三十二年(公元1920_年)扩建大成殿，孔庙始成今日的规模。整座孔庙分三进院落，占地约220_平方米，采用了主体建筑沿中轴线分布，左右对称的中国传统建筑布局。在700多年的漫长历史中，这里成为元、明、清三代统治者尊孔崇儒，宣扬教化，主兴文脉的圣地，也成为众多志在功名的读书人顶礼膜拜的殿堂。这组比故宫还年代久远的皇家古建筑浓缩了千年儒家文化精髓，凝固了一段数百年的漫漫科举之路。徜徉在古柏参天、石碑林立、崇基高堂的孔庙里，远离都市的喧闹，触摸历史、文化的脉搏，以宁静淡泊的心去感受中华传统文化的博大精深，实在是件雅事。

北京孔庙主体建筑都覆以黄色琉璃瓦，是封建社会的最高建筑规制。整座孔庙建筑布局科学，规模宏大，凸显皇家气派。

先师门(又称棂星门)是孔庙的大门，面阔三间，进深七檩，单檐歇山顶，基本上保留了元代的建筑风格，先师门两侧连接庙宇的外围墙，犹如一座城门。进入先师门，迎面看到的便是大成门。大成门创建于元代，清代重修，面阔五间，进深九檩，单檐歇山顶。整座建筑坐落在高大的砖石台基上，中间的御路石上高浮雕海水龙纹图样，五龙戏珠，栩栩如生。大成门前廊两侧摆放着10枚石鼓，每枚石鼓的鼓面上都篆刻一首上古游猎诗。这是清乾隆时仿公元前8世纪周宣王时代的石鼓遗物刻制的，那难辨的文字和深邃的诗意恐怕只有学识渊博的孔老夫子才能完全理解吧。第一进院落是皇帝祭孔前筹备各项事宜的场所，其东侧设有宰牲亭、井亭、神厨，用于祭孔三牲的宰杀、清洗和烹制。两侧有神库、致斋所用于祭孔礼器的存放和供品的备制。

第二进院落是孔庙的中心院落，每逢祭孔大典，这里便钟鼓齐鸣，乐舞升平，仪仗威严。大成殿是第二进院落的主体建筑，也是整座孔庙的中心建筑，是孔庙内最神圣的殿堂。大成殿始建于大德六年(公元1320_年)，后毁于战火，明永乐九年(公元1420_年)重建，清光绪三十二年(公元1920_年)将殿由7间扩建为9间。殿内金砖铺地，内顶施团龙井口天花，其规制是我国封建社会的最高建筑等级，堪与故宫太和殿媲美。殿中供奉孔子“大成至圣文宣王”木牌位，神位两边设有配享的“四配十二哲”牌位。神位前置祭案，上设尊、爵、卣、笾、豆等祭器均为清乾隆时的御制真品。大殿内外高悬清康熙至宣统9位皇帝的御匾，均是皇帝亲书的对孔子的四字赞语，是珍贵的文物。

孔庙的第三进院落最具特色，由崇圣门、崇圣殿和东西配殿组成独立完整的院落，与前二进院落分割明显而又过渡自然，反映出古人在建筑部局上的巧妙构思。这组建筑称为崇圣祠，是祭祀孔子五代先祖的家庙。建于明嘉靖九年(公元1530年)，清乾隆二年(公元1737年)重修，并将灰瓦顶改为绿琉璃瓦顶。崇圣殿又称五代祠，面阔五间，进深七檩，殿前建有宽大的月台，月台三面建有垂带踏步各十级。殿内供奉孔子五代先人的牌位及配享的颜回、孔伋、曾参、孟轲四位先哲之父的牌位。东西配殿坐落在砖石台基上，面阔三间，进深五檩，单檐悬山顶，内奉程颐、程颢兄弟、张载、蔡沈、周敦颐、朱熹6位先儒之父。

三进院落及其建筑有明确的建筑等级差别和功能区域划分，和谐统一地组成一整套皇家祭祀性建筑群落，是我国古代建筑的杰出代表。

卢沟桥建于1892年(金代)，桥长266.5米，桥栏杆上有501只石狮子(也有人说502只)，桥下11孔。距今已有八百多年的历史。

七百多年前，“卢沟晓月”就是著名的燕京八景之一，桥上有清乾隆题写的“卢沟晓月”碑亭。

到1985年，卢沟桥还是北京西南一条重要的交通通道，担负着繁重的运输任务。1985年后在旁边建了两座新桥后，旧桥才停止使用。

1937年7月7日日本侵略者在这里发动进攻，既卢沟桥事变。

据当地的老人介绍，20 世纪80年代(可能是1988年)在一个大晴天，一个劈雷将桥北侧中间部分的一个桥柱劈开，现已修复好.

各位来宾朋友：大家好!欢迎大家来到北京的故宫，我是你们的导游，今天就由我带领大家一起游北京故宫。

我先介绍一下故宫的概况。

故宫建于北京的中央，以南北为中轴线，座北朝南，充分体现了皇权至上的封建统治思想。故宫城外是皇城，皇城外又有北京城，真是城城包围!

历史上，故宫因火灾或者其它原因，曾多次的重建，但基本格局没有改变，主要分为外朝和内廷两部分。外朝以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心，文华、武英两殿为两翼，是皇帝上朝接受朝贺、接见群臣和举行大型典礼的地方。内廷有乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫、御花园及两侧分列的东西六宫，是封建皇帝进行日常活动和后妃皇子居住游玩及奉神的地方。

广场南面的保和殿是外朝三在殿的最后一座，规格等级仅次于太和殿，面阔9间，进深5间，重檐歇山顶，翼角置走兽9个，内外檐均施金龙和玺彩画，菱花梧扇，生落在高大的汉白玉“三台”之上。

我的讲解到此为止了，祝大家游玩愉快!

潭柘寺位于北京西郊门头沟区东南部的潭柘山麓，距阜成门41公里。潭柘寺坐北朝南，背倚宝珠峰，周围有九座高大的山峰呈马蹄状环护，这九座山峰从东边数起依次为回龙峰、虎距峰、捧日峰、紫翠峰、集云峰、璎珞峰、架月峰、象王峰和莲花峰，九座山峰宛如九条巨龙拱卫着中间的宝珠峰，规模宏大的潭柘寺古刹就建在宝珠峰的南麓。

潭柘寺规模宏大，寺内占地2.5公顷，寺外占地11.2公顷，再加上周围由潭柘寺所管辖的森林和山场，总面积达121公顷以上。殿堂随山势高低而建，错落有致。北京城里的故宫有房9999间半，潭柘寺在鼎盛时期的清代有房999间半，俨然是故宫的缩影，据说明朝初年修建紫禁城时，就是仿照潭柘寺而建成的。

解放初期将部分年久失修的殿堂拆除，并新建了一些房舍，现潭柘寺共有房舍943间，其中古建殿堂638间，建筑保持着明清时期的风貌，是北京郊区最大的一处寺庙古建筑群。潭柘寺不但人文景观丰富，自然景观也十分优美，春夏秋冬各自有景，晨午晚夜情趣各异，早在清代“潭柘十景”就已经名扬京华。

南锣鼓巷是北京最古老的街区之一，也位列规划中的25片旧城保护区之中。南锣鼓巷南北走向，北起鼓楼东大街, 南止地安门东大街， 全长786米，宽8米，与元大都(1267年)同期建成， 是我国唯一完整保存着元代胡同院落肌理、规模最大、品级最高、资源最丰富的棋盘式传统民居区。

在元大都“左祖右社, 面朝后市”的城市格 局中, 南锣鼓巷是“后市”的组成部分。元 南锣鼓巷图1代, 以南锣鼓巷为轴线, 东侧地区属昭回坊,西侧地区属靖恭坊。明代属昭回靖恭坊。清代乾隆年间属镶黄旗, 光绪末年至宣统年间属 内左三区。民国时期属内五区。东西各有8条胡同整齐排列着， 呈“鱼骨状”,又如同一条“蜈蚣”。因此, 南锣鼓巷也称为“蜈蚣巷”。从南向北，西面的8条胡同是福祥胡同、蓑衣胡同、雨儿胡同、帽儿胡同、景阳胡同、沙井胡同、黑芝麻胡同、前鼓楼苑胡同;东边的8条胡同是炒豆胡同、板厂胡同、东棉花胡同、北兵马司胡同、秦老胡同、前圆恩寺胡同、后圆恩寺胡同、菊儿胡同。这些胡同在元朝时没有名称，名称是明朝以后逐渐演变来的。比如菊儿胡同，明代叫局儿胡同，后来改称橘儿胡同，清代宣统时才称菊儿胡同，后延续至今。她里坊，是中国古代居住区组织的基本单位，也是城市规划建设的基本单位。在先秦称为“里”、“闾”或“闾里”。从北魏开始，出现了“坊”的称呼。唐长安，是当时世界上最大的城市，全城共建108坊。元大都规划设计时仍延续了里坊制，全城分为50坊，坊与坊之间是宽阔平直的街巷，犹如棋盘。

明朝时，将北京划为28坊，两坊合并称“昭回靖恭坊”。清代属镶黄旗。南锣鼓巷曾叫罗锅巷，乾隆20_年(1750年)绘制的《全城全图》改称为南锣鼓巷。

现在的南锣鼓巷街区北边是鼓楼东大街，南边是地安门东大街，西边是地安门外大街，东边是交道口南大街。由这4条街围合的这块长方形地块，正是元大都的两个坊。以南锣鼓巷为界，东面是“昭回坊”。西边是“靖恭坊”，南锣鼓巷是两坊间的分界巷。

唐朝长安的里坊早已无存，元大都里坊构造在800多年的历史变迁中，也已面目全非，但是，南锣鼓巷地区却还极为完整地保存着元大都里坊的历史遗存。胡同格局那么完整，胡同里各种形制的府邸、宅院多姿多彩。真可谓是北京古都风貌中一块保存完整的“碧玉”。

在北京炎热夏季中一个少有的细雨霏霏的凉爽午后，我又一次来到南锣鼓巷。南锣鼓巷在近几年被时尚人士和国外旅游者关注，是因为从新世纪开始，不经意间，许多酒吧在这条古老的小街上出现。现在这里已经成为继三里屯、什刹海之后，北京又一条酒吧街。

有人说三里屯酒吧街是彩色的，什刹海酒吧街是暗红色的，而南锣鼓巷酒吧街是翠绿色的。这样的评说可能不仅是指自然的色彩，或许还指向其不同的文化内涵吧。这里的每一条胡同都有丰厚的文化积淀，每一个宅院里都诉说着老故事。

各位游客朋友们，你们好，欢迎你们来到天坛公园。我姓崔，是大家来参观天坛公园的导游，大家可以叫我崔导。现在我带大家一起来参观美丽的天坛公园。

北京天坛是明朝永乐皇帝建成的祭天圣坛，也是我国现存最大的一处坛庙建筑。天坛公园土也广大，古柏参天，建筑精美。苍松翠柏，绿草如茵，树干上还挂着木牌子，记着古树的年龄。

天坛公园里面有祈年殿，祈年殿是古代著名的建筑，是中国古代劳动人民勤劳和智慧的结晶。外围墙北圆南方，象征着“天圆地方”。祈年殿高38米，坐北朝南，气势宏伟。整个大殿全部都是木质结构，造型奇特，结构精巧，全都具有十分高的艺术价值。殿内金碧辉煌，殿顶上画着飞龙凤舞，形态逼真，仰头望去，金龙舞凤，似乎好像真的腾空跃起，中间的4根红色的柱子两个人都合抱不过来，外面的一圈还有12根盘花篮柱，它们共同支着弯形的殿。4根红色的柱子象征着一年四季。

12根蓝柱子像这种12个月和12个时辰。殿内地面上正中间有一块圆形的龙凤石，蕴藏着天然形成的龙凤图案。

好了!今天的旅程就结束了，希望这一次的天坛公园之旅给大家留下了一个深刻的印象。欢迎大家下次再来参观游玩，谢谢大家!

好了，现在我们以及那个在天坛里面了，我看好多游客都比较好奇，那大家注意听我讲解。

请大家随着我手指的方向看，圜丘往北就是皇穹宇，它是供奉圜丘坛祭祀神位的场所，由八根金柱、八根檐柱支撑起殿顶。在皇穹宇殿到大门中间的石板路上有三块石板，叫三音石。在皇穹宇门窗关闭且附近没有障碍物的情况下，在第一块石板上击掌会有一声回音，在第二块石板上击掌会有两声回音，在第三块石板上击掌可听到三声回音。

不过，三音石的回音还不算最神奇的。大家看到这面围墙了吗?它长193。2米，高3。72米，厚0。9米。围墙的弧度十分规则，墙面极其光滑整齐，所以能很好地折射声波。只要两个人分别站在墙的东西两头，一个人靠墙说话，另一个人将耳朵贴在墙上，就可以清晰地听到对方说的话，而且声音悠长，所以它被称为“回音壁”。

我们今天只是游览了天坛公园里的一小部分，希望您有机会再来游赏。我的解说就到这里，下面大家可以自己游赏、拍照留念。天坛公园是文化遗产、名胜古迹，游览时希望大家不要乱扔果皮纸屑，不要乱涂乱划，做一个文明游客。祝您游览愉快，谢谢!

慕田峪长城位于怀柔区境内，是北京新十六景之一。西接居庸关长城，东连古北口，开放的2250米长城段其特点是长城两边均有垛口，特别是正关台三座敌楼并矗，著名的长城景观箭扣、牛角边、鹰飞倒仰等位于慕田峪长城西端，是万里长城的精华所在。

慕田峪长城山峦叠嶂，植被覆盖率达90% 以上。春季，群芳射蕊，争奇斗艳;夏季，满山青翠，流水潺潺;秋季，果实累累，红叶满山;冬季，白雪皑皑，银装素裹，一派北国风光。在中外享有“万里长城慕田峪独秀”的美誉。

慕田峪长城设有国内一流的登城缆车、开发了中华梦石城、施必得滑道等项目，形成了长城文化、石文化和体育健身娱乐有机结合。英国前首相梅杰，美国前总统克林顿等多位外国首脑到慕田峪游览。

Good morning Ladies and Gentlemen:

My name is ___. I’m very honored to be youre guide. I do hope all of youcould like my guiding and enjoy everything on your pleasant day. This morning weare going to visit the Summer Palace. The Summer Palace is located on thenorthwest suburbs of Beijing, about 20 kilometers away from the center of thecity. So it will take us about 1 hour to get there. Before we arrived at theSummer Palace, I would like to introduce you a brief introduction of thewoderful imperial garden. The Summer Palace is the most beautiful and thelargest imperial garden existing in Chinan, and it is the best-preservedimperial garden in the world. In 1998, it was placed on the List of WorldCultural Heritage by the UNESCO.

The Summer Palace was first built as an imperial garden at the beginning of12th century in the Jin Dynasty. The construction continued to the Yuan and Mingdynasties. In the Qing Dynasty, the building of imperial gardens reached itsculmination. During Emperor Qianlong’s reign, the famous ‘Three Hills and FiveGardens’ were built on the northwest suburbs of Beijing. The Summer Palace was apart of it and at that time was called the Garden of Clear Ripples. In 1860, theAnglo-French Allied Forces invaded Beijing. The ‘Three Hills and Five Gardens’were burnt down to ashes.

In 1888, the Empress Dowager Cixi spent the navy fund having the Garden ofClear Ripples rebuilt. And then she renamed it the Garden of Nurtured Harmony(Summer Palace).

In 1900, the Allied Forces of Eight Powers invaded Beijing. The SummerPalace was once again severely damaged. It was rebuilt again in 1902.

In 1924, the Last Emperor Puyi was driven out of the palace, after that,the Summer Palace was turned into a public park.

Ladies and Gentlemen, please look over there, in front of us is an archway.It is called “Emptiness and the collection of excellence”, and it is the firstscenery of the Summer Palace. The two Chinese words on the front side of thearchway mean emptiness and refer to everything in nature and in the scenery. Thetwo words on the back side mean Collection of Excellence and refer to thetranquility of the beautiful scenery just within the garden.

(outside the East Palace Gate)

Now, we have arrived at the East Palace Gate. It’s the main entrance of theSummer Palace. On top of the gate there is a plaque with three Chinesecharacters ‘The Summer Palace’ in Emperor Guangxu’s handwriting. The gate thatwe are now entering was used by the emperor, the empress only in the olddays.

(Inside the East Palace Gate)

Now we are inside the Summer Palace. In front of us is the second gate ofthe Summer Palace— the Gate of Benevolence and Longevity. The annex halls onboth sides were used for officials on duty and the offices of the Privy Council.Well, Before we start our tour in the garden, I will briefly introduce you thelayout of the Summer Palace and our tour route. O.K., ladies and gentlemen, mayI have your attention please? Let’s look at the map together, From it we can seethe Summer Palace covers an area of 290 hectares, which the lake occupies thethree-fourths. The whole garden can be divide into three parts: the area was forpolitical activities, resting places of the emperor and empress, and sightseeingareas. Our tour will start from the area of the political activities, and endoff the Marble Boat. On the way, we will visit the main constructions of theSummer Palace, such as the Hall of Jade Ripples, the Hall of Happiness andLongevity, the Long Corridor, the Hall of Dispelling Clouds and so on. It willtake us about two hours to visit the Summer Palace. Please attention, we won’twalk back and our driver will pick us up at the North Gate. Should you get lostor separated from the group, please meet us at the North Gate.

Ok, everyone, let’s start our tour from the emperors’ office --- the Hallof Benevolence and Longevity. Follow me please.

(Inside the courtyard of the Benevolence and Longevity)

Passing through the Gate of Benevolence and Longevity, we have alreadyentered the courtyard of the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity. The huge rock infront of us is Taihu Rock. It was quarried from Taihu Lake in Jiangsu Province,so it was known as Taihu Rock. Please look around the courtyard and you can seethere are four grotesque shaped rocks placed in each corner of this courtyard,representing the four seasons of the year. The Taihu Rocks are usually used asdecoration for beautifying gardens and they are thin, crease, leak andpenetration in characters.

The bronze mythical animal behind the Taihu Rock is known as Suanni or somepeople call it Qilin. According to ancient Chinese mythology, the dragon hadnine sons, but none of them became a real dragon. Suanni was one of the ninesons of the dragon. It was an auspicious animal that could avoid evil spirits inancient lengeds. Suanni has the head of dragon, the antlers of dear, the hoovesof ox and the tail of lion.

(In front of the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity)

This grand hall is the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity. It was firstbuilt in 1750. The name of this hall taken from a book entitled ‘Lun Yu’ byConfucius doctrine means, “ those who are benevolent can enjoy a long life.”This hall was the place where Emperor Guangxu and Empress Dowager Cixi heldaudience and handled state affairs when they were in the Summer Palace. Forprotecting the historical cultural relic, we couldn’t enter the hall. So I wouldlike to briefly introduce you the decorations in the Hall of Benevolence andLongevity. The arrangement of the hall has been left untouched. In the middle ofthe hall stands an emperor’s throne carved with nine dragons on design. Thereare two big fans on both sides behind the throne which are made of peacockfeathers. Behind the throne there is a big screen with red sandalwood frame andglass mirror inlaid. On the mirror there are 226 Chinese characters of the word‘Longevity’ written in different styles. There are two scrolls on each side ofthe wall with a big Chinese character ‘Longevity’ written on it. It was saidthat the word ‘Longevity’ written by Empress Dowager Cixi. There are 100 batspainted at the background of the scroll symbolizing happiness.

Well, please look up the two pairs of incense burners in the shape of adragon and a phoenix in front of the hall. They were used to burn incense sticksto create the appropriate atmosphere. In the old days, the dragon and phoenixwere the symbol of the emperor and empress. According to ritual, the dragonsshould be placed in the center while phoenixes were to either side in front ofthe hall.However, here, the dragons are off to the sides and the phoenixes arein the middle. This was a product of the end of Qing Dynasty when EmpressDowager Cixi handled state affairs behind the screen.

(At the entrance of Garden of virtuour Harmony)

We are now visiting the Garden of Virtuous Harmony, where Emperor Qianlongand Empress Dowager Cixi were entertained with Bejing Opera performances. Itmainly consists of the Dressing House, the Grand Theater Building and the Hallof Pleasure Smile. The Grand Theater Building was known as the ‘Cradle ofBeijing Opera’ was uniquely laid out and magnificently decorated. There are 7exhibition halls with articles of daily use on display here.

(In front of the Grand Theater Building)

This is the Grand Theater Building. Of the three main theater buildings ofthe Qing Dynasty, the Grand Theater Building is the tallest and largest one. Theother two are Changyin Pavilion in the Forbidden City and Qingyin Pavilion inthe Mountain Resort in Chengde. The Grand Theater Building, a three-storiedstructure, has a double roof with upturned eaves. It is 21 meters high and 17meters wide. Performances could be staged simultaneously on three levels. Thetop one was a symbol of happiness, the middle level was emolument level and thebottom stage was named longevity stage. Each level has the entrance and theexit. There are some trapdoors in the ceiling and below the floor for ‘celestialbeing’ to fly down from the sky and the ‘devils’ to appear from the earth to setoff a certain atmosphere on the stage. There is also a well and five ponds builtunder the stage for a good effect of water scenes. The stage is open to threesides.

Well, please look at the construction that stands right opposite the GrandTheater Building, it’s the Hall of Pleasure Smile. The Empress Dowager Cixi usedbo sit inside the hall to watch and enjoy the Peking Opera.

(A lakeside walk from the Garden of virtuous Harmony to the Hall of JadeRipples)

We are now standing in the middle of a rockery behind the Hall ofBenevolence and Longevity. It appears that there’s nothing special ahead.However, after we clear the rockery, we will reach Kunming Lake. This is anapplication of a specific style of Chinese

gardening.

Now, we are walking along the bank of the Kunming Lake. Look over there,not far away in the lake there is an islet. It’s called the Spring HeraldingIslet. The pavilion on the islet is called the Spring Heralding Pavilion. Anumber of willow trees and peach trees were planted on this islet. In earlyspring, when the ice begins to melt, peach trees are red in pink blossoms,willow trees turn a tender green signaling that the early spring has returned.Hence the name ‘Heralding Sping Pavilion’.

(In front of the Hall of Jade Ripples)

This group of special and quiet courtyard dwellings is the Hall of JadeRipples. The words “Jade Ripples” came from a verse “Gentle ripples gushing outof Jade Spring”, which refers to the rippling water in the lake. It was firstused by Emperor Qianlong to attend to state affairs. In the late Qing Dynasty,it was where Emperor Guangxu was put under house arrest.

This hall is a hallmark of the Movement of 1898. Emperor Guangxu wasEmperor Dowager Cixi’s nephew. After Emperor Tongzhi died, Emperor Dowager Ciximade her nephew, who was at that time four years old a successor in order tocontinue her hold on imperial power. She ‘handled state affairs behind thescreen’. After Emperor Guangxu ‘managed state affairs personally’ at the age of19, a political conflict occurred between the conservatives and the reformers.In 1898, the Reform Movement took place with the aim of sustaining the coreprinciples of the Qing Dynasty while reforming outdated laws. The movementlasted for103 days until it was suppressed by Empress Dowager Cixi. It wascalled the ‘Hundred-Day Reform’. After the reform failed, Emperor Guangxu wasput under house arrest here. For the strict control of him, Empress Dowager Cixiordered to build many brick walls in the front, back, and on the right and leftof the Hall of Jade Ripples. At that time the hall was entirely sealed up, justlike a prison. Today only the hidden walls in the east and west annex room stillmaintain its original appearance. It is open to visitors as the relic related tothe 1898 Reform Movement.

(In front of the Chamber of Collecting Books)

This is the Chamber of Collecting Books. In Chinese, it’s called “Yi YunGuang”. “Yun” was a kind of fragrant weed. In ancient times, it was usually usedas termite repellent in rooms where books were stored.In the Emperor Qianlong’sreign, the purpose of the hall was for collecting books. Later it was convertedinto a residence. There used to be the residence of Guangxu’s Empress Longyu,and his favorite concubine Zhenfei.

(In the Hall of Happiness and Longevity)

This group of courtyard is the Hall of Happiness and Longevity. It was themajor architectural structure in the living quarters and the residence ofEmpress Dowager Cixi. The whole compound was basically made of wood, which isideal for ventilation and lighting. With its quiet and tasteful layout, the Hallof Happiness and Longevity made life very easy and convenient. In front of theHall of Happiness and Longevity there is a huge rock placed in the middle ofthis courtyard named “Qing Zhi Xiu” and nicknamed as “Family Bankruptcy Rock”.This huge rock was discovered in Fangshan District by a Ming official MiWanzhong. He wanted to transport it to his own garden “Shaoyuan”. In the olddays, transporting such rock was very difficult. After spending all his money toship it, he still could not succeed in doing this. The big rock was then left onthe roadside somewhere near Liangxiang County, 30 kilometers southwest ofBeijing. Hence it was nicknamed “Family Bancruptcy Rock”. Later Emperor Qianlongdiscovered it and transported to the Garden of Clear Ripples and laid in frontof the Hall of Happiness and Longevity. The colorful glass chandeliers hanginginside the hall was introduced from Germany in 1903. It is one of the earliestelectric lights in China.

(In front of the Gate of Inviting the Moon of the Long Corridor)

Ladies and Gentlemen, you may have visited some of the best museums in theworld, such as the Louvre in France and the Museum of Great Britain. Now I willshow you a special gallery in the palace—the Long Corridor. In 1990, the LongCorridor was listed in the Guinness Book of World Records as ‘the longestpainted corridor’ in the world’. It would be a pity if we leave the SummerPalace without visiting the Long Corridor and the Marble Boat. Now, here we go,the Long Corridor first!

(Strolling along the Long Corridor)

The Long Corridor starts from the Gate Inviting the Moon to the ShizhangGate. It is 728 meters long and consists of 273 sections. The Long corridor isone of the major structures of the Summer Palace. Since the corridor wasdesigned to follow the physical features of the southern slope of LongevityHill, four multiple-eaved, octagonal pavilions ( Retaining the GoodnessPavilion, Living with the Ripples Pavilion, Autumn Water Pavilion, Clear and FarPavilion) were placed at bends and undulation, they represent four seaons of ayear. Thus visitors will hardly notice the rise and fall of the terrain. As amajor part of the architectural style of the Summer Palace, the Long Corridorserves as an ingenious connector between the Lake and the Hill. Scatteredbuildings on the southern slope were linked to create a unified complex.

The Long Corridor is the longest covered veranda in any Chinese garden. Onthe purlins and beams of the covered veranda, there are over 14,000 Suzhou stylepaintings. Among them, there are 546 color paintings relating to the scenes ofWest Lake in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Beside the colorful paintings ofnatural scenery, there are also scenes of flowers, birds, fish, insects,mythology and figures. The paintings of figures are mainly adapted from ancientChinese classical literature, such as ‘Pilgrimage to the West’, ‘The Romance ofthe Three Kingdoms’, ‘The western Chamber’, “Water Margin’, and ‘The Dream ofthe Red Mansion’.

(In front of the Gate of Dispelling Clouds)

Now we are approaching the central part of the structures on the lakesideslope, the Tower of Buddhist Incense within the Hall of Dispelling Clouds. Thecentral axis line starts from the wharf next to the lake to the Sea of Wisdom ontop of the Hill. The main architectural structures here are the Gate ofDispelling Clouds, Hall of Dispelling clouds, Tower of Buddhist Incense and theSea of Wisdom, which altogether form a splendid three-dimensional landscape. Thelayout of this group of architectures was based on scenes described in Buddhistsutras. This group of structures are among the most magnificently constructedhere in the Summer Palace. This is a good place to taking photos, we will stayhere for about 15 minutes.

Now we are walking continuely along the Long Corridor, the next scene weare going to visit is Marble Boat.

Look over there! Halfway up the slope there stands the Hall of Listening toOrioles. It was the place for emperor and empress to enjoy opera and courtmusic. It is said the singing of orioles is very pleasing. Before the Garden ofVirtuous Harmony was built, Empress Dowager Cixi enjoyed opera and music here.Now the hall is one of the most famous restaurants in China, featuring imperialdishes and desserts.

This is the famous Marble Boat. A famous scientist of China’s Eastern HanDynasty once said, “Water can float the boat, but it can also tip it over.” Aprime minister of Tang Dynasty Wei Zheng once used these words to persuade LiShimin, the emperor of the Tang Dynasty. He said people are water and theemperor is the boat. People can support a good emperor. However, they also canoverthrow the dynasty. Emperor Qianlong built this huge boat in the Garden inorder to make the allusion concrete. On one hand, Emperor Qianlong encouragedhimself to run the country well. On the other hand, he wanted to show that hisrule of the Qing Dynasty was as firm as the Marble Boat and there was no fear ofoverturning the boat. The Marble Boat was the place for Emperor Qianlong tosample tea and enjoy the scenery of Kunming Lake. Emperor Qianlong once camehere to engage in the freeing of captive animals. In the times of Qianlong, theMarble Boat was a Chinese styled stone boat with a Chinese style woodensuperstructure on the top of it. When it was rebuilt in the times of Guangxu, aforeign and Chinese elements mixed resulting in two wheels to be added to theboat, one on each side. The floor was paved with colored bricks. All of thewindows were inlaid with multiple-colored glass. A big mirror was installed onthe superstructure for viewing rain.

Our tour is drawing to a close after we visited the Marble Boat. Today weonly visited the major scenic spots of the Summer Palace. I have left otherspots of interest for your next visit. I will now show you out through the RuyiGate. Our coach is waiting for us outside the gate. I do hope you enjoyedtoday’s tour. Thank you.

朋友们，大家好：

欢迎大家来到这里，下面我来为大家介绍一下北京!

北京,是中国六朝古都,历史源远流长,保存着较为完整的古代建筑格局。北京,是中华人民共和国的首都,简称京,是中国的政治、文化和国际交往的中心,由此北京有着丰富多彩的古代、现代的人文景观,有着博大精深的文化底蕴。

北京全市面积16807.8平方公里,在北面有军都山,西面有西山,与河北交界的东灵山海拔2303米是北京市的最高峰。境内有密云水库、怀柔水库和十三陵水库;其他还有潮白河、北运河、永定河、拒马河和汤河五大河。

北京的气候属于温带大陆性季风性气候,季节分明:春季略有风沙,气温偏低。夏季炎热,有阵雨。秋季天气晴朗、温和,天高气爽,是旅游的黄金季节;但深秋早晚较凉,中午较热。冬季气候干燥、寒冷,雪较少。