北京司机导游词通用3篇 北京导游词【20篇】

游客朋友们大家好，我们要参观的是景山公园，如果有什么问题，请朋友们提出来，也希望我的讲解能带给你美好的时光。景山公园占地32.3公顷，原为元、明、清三代的皇家御苑。景山高耸峻拔，树木蓊郁，风光壮丽，为北京城内登高远眺，观览全城景致的最佳之处。在六百多年前的元代，该处是个小山丘，名"青山"。据传明代兴建紫禁城时，曾在此堆放煤炭，故有"煤山"俗称。明朝永乐年间，将开挖护城河的泥土堆积于此，砌成一座高大的土山，叫"万岁山"，又称大内的"镇山"。景山一名是清初改 称的。山上的五座亭子，为乾隆年间兴建。当时山上丛林蔽日，鹿鹤成群，生机盎然，极富自然野趣。山下遍植花草、果木，有"后果园"之 称。封建帝王常来此赏花，习箭、饮宴，登山观景，是一座优美的皇家花园。

我们现在所处位置是绮望楼，坐落于南门内，依山而筑，楼阁三楹，建造华美。此处原是清代乾隆年间办官学时，供奉孔子牌位的地方。在该楼东南侧，清代时曾建有八旗子弟学校，今已无存。

这类似小山坡的是山脊五亭，景山由五座山峰组成，高43米，为旧时北京城内的制高点，东、西、北三面砌有爬山磴道。山顶五亭建于清乾隆十五年(1750)，造型优美，秀丽壮观。居于中峰的叫万春亭，是一座方形、三重檐、四角攒尖式的黄琉璃瓦亭，宏伟壮观。其两侧是两座双重檐、八角形、绿琉璃瓦亭，东侧的名叫" 周赏"，西侧的称为"富览"。两亭外侧还有两座圆形、重檐蓝琉璃瓦亭，东?quot;观妙"，西为"辑芳"。旧时，每座亭内均设有铜铸佛像一尊，统叫"五位神"，又有代表甘、辛、苦、酸、咸的"五味神"之称。1920xx年被八国联军掠走四 尊、砸毁一尊(万春亭中的毗卢遮那佛)。五亭矗立山脊，中高侧低，主从分明，左右对称。更兼梁柱飞金，顶瓦映彩，绿树环合，蓝天相衬，构成一幅壮阔、精美的画图。游人至此，必奋力登攀，以一睹首都壮丽迷人的无限风光为快慰!

前面就是寿皇殿，位于中峰后的正北面，明代始建，清乾隆十四年(1749)又进行重修，仿太庙建造，不仅规模宏 伟，辉煌肃穆，而且自成一个完整的建筑格局。原为清代的祭祖处，过去殿内供奉有清朝历代祖先神像。解放后，该殿被辟为北京市少年宫。

左边就是永恩殿、观德殿了，位于寿皇殿东，明代时是帝王的习射之所。自清代乾隆起，便改为停放帝后的灵柩之 处。观德殿现为少年宫图书馆。明末崇祯帝吊死之处在景山东麓，原有一棵老槐树，是明朝末代皇帝崇祯(朱由检)的自缢处。因明朝末年政治，，豺狼当道，民不聊生，从而导致人民揭竿而起。 1644年农历三月十八日(崇祯十七年)，李自成率领的农民起义军打进北京城时，崇祯见大势已去，在走投无路之下，便逼死皇后，砍杀昭仁公主等，然后仓皇逃到景山，以发遮脸，吊死在驼背的老槐树下，从此明王朝灭亡。陪同崇祯自尽的还有他的御前太监王承恩。原树早已枯死伐除，现存槐树为重新栽种的，并挂有说明牌，记述了这一历史事实。也希望有更多的游客能到此来参观，届时我也希望能再次为大家服务!

故宫博物院是在明、清两代皇宫及其收藏的基础上建立起来的中国综合性博物馆。其位于北京市中心，前通天安门，后倚景山，东近王府井街市，西临中南海。1961年，经国务院批准，故宫被定为全国第一批重点文物保护单位。1987年，故宫被联合国教科文组织列入“世界文化遗产”名录。

依照中国古代星象学说，紫微垣(即北极星)位于中天，乃天帝所居，天人对应，是以皇帝的居所又称紫禁城。明代第三位皇帝朱棣在夺取帝位后，决定迁都北京，即开始营造这座宫殿，至明永乐十八年(1420xx年)落成。1920xx年，辛亥革命推翻了中国最后的封建帝制--清王朝，1920xx年逊帝溥仪被逐出宫禁。在这前后五百余年中，共有24位皇帝曾在这里生活居住和对全国实行统治。

紫禁城，四面环有高10m的城墙和宽52m的护城河。城南北长961m，东西宽753m，占地面积达780,000㎡。城墙四面各设城门一座，其中南面的午门和北面的神武门现专供参观者游览出入。城内宫殿建筑布局沿中轴线向东西两侧展开。红墙黄瓦，画栋雕梁，金碧辉煌。殿宇楼台，高低错落，壮观雄伟。朝暾夕曛中，仿若人间仙境。城之南半部以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心，两侧辅以文华、武英两殿，是皇帝举行朝会的地方，称为“前朝”。北半部则以乾清、交泰、坤宁三宫及东西六宫和御花园为中心，其外东侧有奉先、皇极等殿，西侧有养心殿、雨花阁、慈宁宫等，是皇帝和后妃们居住、举行祭祀和宗教活动以及处理日常政务的地方，称为“后寝”。前后两部分宫殿建筑总面积达163,000㎡。整组宫殿建筑布局谨严，秩序井然，寸砖片瓦皆遵循着封建等级礼制，映现出帝王至高无上的权威。在封建帝制时代，普通的人民群众是不能也不敢靠近它一步的。

辛亥革命后，这座宫殿本应全部收归国有，但按照那时拟定的《清室优待条件》，逊帝溥仪却被允许“暂居宫禁”，即“后寝”部分。当时的政府决定，将热河(承德)行宫和盛京(沈阳)故宫的文物移至故宫的“前朝”部分，于1920xx年成立了“古物陈列所”。溥仪居宫内，一直与亡清残余势力勾结，图谋复辟，且以赏赐、典当、修补等名目，从宫中-大量文物，引起了社会各界的严重关注。1920xx年，冯玉祥发动“北京政变”，将溥仪逐出宫禁，同时成立“清室善后委员会”，接管了故宫，对宫内文物进行清点。又经过一年的紧张筹备，于1920xx年10月10日在乾清门前广场举行了盛大的建院典礼，并通电全国，宣布故宫博物院正式成立。开放的第一天，人们以争先一睹这座神秘的皇宫及其宝藏为快，北京市内万人空巷，交通为之堵塞，此亦成为当天各大报纸的重大新闻。

经初步清点，清代宫廷遗留下来的文物，据1920xx年公开出版的二十八册《清室善后委员会点查报告》一书所载，计有一百一十七万余件，包括三代鼎彝、远古玉器、唐宋元明之法书名画、宋元陶瓷、珐琅、漆器、金银器、竹木牙角匏、金铜宗教造像以及大量的帝后妃嫔服饰、衣料和家具等等。可谓金翠珠玉，奇珍异宝，天下财富，尽聚于此。除此之外，还有大量图书典籍、文献档案。为此故宫博物院下设古物馆、图书馆、文献馆，分别组织人力继续对文物进行整理，并就宫内开辟展室，举办各种陈列，还编辑出版多种刊物，公开资料，进行宣传。各项工作开展得有声有色，人文荟萃，极一时之盛。

第二次世界大战全面爆发前夕，日本帝国主义鲸吞了中国东北领土，步步进逼华北，形势危急。为了保护故宫文物不至遭战火毁灭或被日本帝国主义掠夺，故宫博物院决定采取文物避敌南迁之策。从1933年2月至5月，宫内重要文物被装成13,427箱又64包，分五批先运抵上海，后又运至南京。遂于南京建立文物库房，并成立了故宫博物院南京分院。1937年，“七·七卢沟桥事变”爆发，抗日战争全面展开。南迁文物又沿三路辗转迁徙至四川，分别存于四川省的巴县、峨嵋和乐山。直到抗日战争胜利后，三处文物复集中于重庆，于1947年运回南京。在中国人民解放军即将渡江之际，自1948年底至1949年初，南京-政府从南京库房中挑选出2,972箱文物运往中国台湾，后于台北市士林外双溪建立新馆，公开对外展出。余下的大批文物，在1949年以后陆续运回故宫博物院一万余箱，但至今还有2,221箱仍封存于南京库房，委托南京博物院代为保管。在这场长达十余年的惨烈的战争期间，由于故宫博物院的工作人员不畏艰难险阻，尽职尽责，南迁文物数量虽巨，却没有一件丢失和损伤，故宫人员的精神、事迹，可歌可泣。可又是因为这场战争，致使故宫的文物分处异地。这份祖国传统文化之珍藏应是一个整体，而尤与紫禁城建筑不可分离，人们相信，终有一日，其终将得以完璧。

Tian’anmen( the Gate of Heavenly Peace), is located in the center ofBeijing. It was first built in 1417 and named Chengtianmen( the Gate of HeavenlySuccession). At the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was seriously damaged by war.When it was rebuilt under the Qing in 1651, it was renamed Tian’anmen, andserved as the main entrance to the Imperial City, the administrative andresidential quarters for court officials and retainers. The southern sections ofthe Imperial City wall still stand on both sides of the Gate. The tower at thetop of the gate is nine-room wide and five –room deep. According to the Book ofChanges, the two numbers nine and five, when combined, symbolize the supremestatus of a sovereign.

During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Tian’anmen was the place where stateceremonies took place. The most important one of them was the issuing ofimperial edicts, which followed these steps:

1) The Minister of Rites would receive the edict in Taihedian( Hall ofSupreme Harmony), where the Emperor was holding his court. The minister wouldthen carry the decree on a yunpan( tray of cloud), and withdraw from the hallvia Taihemen( Gate of supreme Harmony)

2) The Minister would put the tray in a miniature longting( dragonpavilion). Beneath a yellow umbrella and carry it via Wumen( Meridian Gate), toTian’anmen Gate tower.

3) A courtier would be invested to proclaim the edict. The civil andmilitary officials lining both sides of the gateway beneath the tower wouldprostrate themselves in the direction of the emperor in waiting for the decreeto the proclaimed.

4) The courtier would then put the edict in a phoenix-shaped wooden box andlower it from the tower by means of a silk cord. The document would finally becarried in a similar tray of cloud under a yellow umbrella to the Ministry ofRites.

5) The edict, copied on yellow paper, would be made known to the wholecountry.

Such a process was historically recorded as “ Imperial Edict Issued byGolden Phoenix”.

During the Ming and Qing dynasties Tian’anmen was the most importantpassage. It was this gate that the Emperor and his retinue would go through ontheir way to the altars for ritual and religious activities.

On the Westside of Tian’anmen stands ZhongshanPark( Dr. Sun Yat-sen’sPark), and on the east side, the Working People’s Cultural Palave. The Park wasformerly called Shejitan( Altar of Land and Grain), built in 1420 for offeringsacrificial items to the God of Land. It was opened to the public as a park in1914 and its name was changed in 1928 to the present one in memory of the greatpioneer of the Chinese Democratic Revolution.

The Working People’s Cultural Palace used to be Taimiao( the SupremeAncestral Temple), where tablets of the deceased dynastic rulers were kept.

The stream in front of Tian’anmen is called Waijinshuihe( Outer GoldenRiver),with seven marble bridges spanning over it . Of these sevenbridges,historical records say the middle one was for the exclusive use of theemperor and was accordingly called Yuluqiao( Imperial Bridge). The bridgesflanking it on either side were meant for the members of the royal family andwere therefore called Wanggongqiao( Royal’s Bridges). Farther away on each sideof the two were bridges for officials ranking above the third order and werenamed Pinjiqiao( ministerial Bridges). The remaining two bridges were for theuse by the retinue below the third order and wre called Gongshengqiao( commonBridges). They anr the one in front of the Supreme Ancestral Temple to the eastand the one in front of the Altar of land and Grain to the west.

The two stone lions by the Gate of Tian’anmen, one on each side were meantas sentries. They gaze toward the middle axis, guarding the emperor’s walkway.In front of the gate stands a pair of marble columns called Huabiao. They areelaborately cut in bas-relief following the pattern of a legendary dragon.Behind the gate stands another pair of similar columns. The story of Huabiao maybe traced to a couple of sources. One of the versions accredits its invention toone of the Chinese sage kings named Yao, who was said to have set up a woodenpillar in order to allow the ordinary people to expose evil-doers, hence it wasoriginally called a slander pillar. Later it ws reduced to a signpost, and nowit serves as an ornament.

The beast sitting on the top of the column is called” hou”, a legendaryanimal, which is said to have been a watcher of an emperor’s behaviour. He wasdoing such duties as warning the emperor against staying too long outside thepalace or indulging in pleasure and urging him to go to the people for theircomplaints or return in due time. Therefore, the two pairs of beasts were giventhe names” Wangjunhui”( Expecting the emperor’s coming back) and “ wangjunchu”(Expecting the emperor’s going out) respectinvely.

In the old days, Tian’anmen, as a part of the Imperial City, was meant forimportant occasions. The two rows of chaofang( antechamber), on the sides behindthe main gate, wre reserved for civil and military members of the governmentwaiting for imperial audience and in front of the gate, were offices of imperialadministration.

On October 1, 1949, chairman Mao Zedong proclaimed on Tian’anmen Rostrumthe founding of the People’s Republic of China. Since then Tian’anmen has beenthe symbol of New Chinea. Chairman Mao’s portrait is hung above the centralentrance, flanked by two slogans:” Long Live the Great Unity of the Peoples ofthe World”. Today , the splendour of Tian’anmen attracts million of visitorsfrom all over the world. The Rostrum on its top was opened in 1988 to the publicfor the first time in its history. It offers a panoramic view of the Square andthe city proper.

Tian’anmen Square

Situated due south of Tian’anmen, the Square has an area of 44 hectares(109 acres) that can accommodate as many as one million people for publicgatherings. It has witnessed may historical events in China’s modern history andis a place for celebrations on such festive days as international Labour Day onMay 1st and national Day on October 1st.

Around the Square are several famous buildings:

1 The Great Hall of the People

This is one of the largest congressional buildings in the world. Built in1959, the hall consists of three parts: a 10,000-seat auditorium in the center,a banquet hall in the north wing facing Chang’an Street, with a seating capacityof 5,000, and offices for the Standing Committee of the National Peoples’Congress of China in the south. In addition, thirty-four reception chambers arenamed after various provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directlyunde the Central Government, plus Hong Kong and Macao. Each is different fromthe other in decoration and furnishings to stress their local features.

2 The Museum of Chinese History and the Museum of the ChineseRevolution

These two museums were also built in 1959. the museum of Chinese Historyhouses a permanent exhibition in four parts, covering the entire process ofChinese history spanning from 1.7 million years ago to 1919:

1) The Primitive Society( 1.7 million years ago to the 21st centuryBC);

2) The Slave Society(21st century BC to 476 BC.);

3) The Feudal Society(475 BC. To 1840 AD.);

4) The Semi-Colonial and Semi- Fedual Society(1840 to 1919.)

The Museum of the Chinese Revolution covers the period from 1919 to1949.

3 The Monument to the People’s Heroes

the monument was built in memory of thousands of martyrs who died for therevolutionary cause of the Chinese people. Its construction began on August 1,1952 and was not completed until 1958. in the form of an obelisk, the Monumentas made of more than 17,000 pieces of tranite and white marble. The purple pieceinlaid in the front of the Monument was brought from Qingdao, Shandong Province.It is 38 meters(124ft 8 in) high, the loftiest of its kind ever seen in thecountry. Not only is it an historic memorial for immortal heroes, but also it isan artistic work of excellent architectural value.

On the front side of the Monument is an engraved inscription in Chinesecharacters written by Chairman Mao Zedong, which reads” Eternal Glory to thePeople’s Heroes!”. On the back of the Monument is an article written by ChairmanMao, but in Chinese calligraphy by the late Premier Zhou Enlai.

At the top of the Monument are eight gigantic carved wreathes of suchflowers as peony, lotus and chrysanthemum, symbolizing nobility, purity, andfortitude. At the base of the monument are eight marble reliefs depicting theChinese historic events since 1840. They are:

1) The Burning of Opium in 1840:

2) The uprising of 1851 in Jintian, Guangxi;

3) The Revolution of 1911;

4) The May Fourth Movement of 1919;

5) The May 30th Movement of 1925;

6) The Uprising of 1927 in Nanchang, Jiangxi;

7) The War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression from 1937 to 1945;

8) The Victorious Crossing over the Yangtze River by the Peoples’sLiberation Army in 1949. This relief is flanked by two smaller ones—“ Supplyingthe Front” and “ Greeting the P.L.A.”.

4 Chairman Mao’s Mausoleum

Chairman Mao Zedong, the founder of the People’s Pepublic of China, passedaway on Sepember 9, 1976. In commemoration of this great man, a mausoleum beganto be constructed in November 1976, and was completes in August the followingyear. The Mausoleum was officially opened on September 9, 1977.

Prince Gongs residence is located in the northwest of Beijing, nearQianhai in the East and Houhai in the north. In the early stage, a canal fromthe northeast corner of Jishuitan (West Sea) water area in Deshengmen bypassedthe west wall of Prince Gongs residence, turned outside the south wall(commonly known as Yueya River), and flowed into Shichahai (Qianhai) throughthree bridges. Facing water in the West and south, and near water in the Eastand North, it can be said that it is surrounded by water and has a beautifulenvironment. By the early 1950s, the canal had been filled up to form Liuyinstreet and qianhaixi street.

Prince Gongs residence was first built in 1776, with a history of morethan 230 years. In the fourth year of Jiaqing, he was convicted and his housewas confiscated. After that, the house was divided into two parts: the East andthe West. Emperor Jiaqing of the West gave the house to his younger brotherPrince Yonggui, and the East left it to the ten princesses. In the first year ofChengfeng (1851), Emperor Xianfeng gave the whole palace to Prince Gong Yi? Tolive in. So far, it was named Prince Gongs palace, which is still in use today.Please remember the two main masters of the garden: big corrupt official andPrince Gong Yi?.

Prince Gongs residence is 330 meters long from north to South and 180meters wide from east to west. There are dozens of palaces in Beijing, whichwere either destroyed or used for other purposes. Only Prince Gongs mansion,which has been preserved in its original style, is open to the outside world. Asan ancient garden of Manchu royal family, it is composed of two parts: Mansionand garden, covering an area of more than 60000 square meters, including 32000square meters of mansion and 28000 square meters of garden.

The buildings in the mansion are divided into three roads: the East Road,the middle road and the west road. From the south to the north, they arecomposed of many three-way quadrangles with strict central axis. The layout isclear. The east road goes to park Shanghua, the middle road is solemn andsolemn, and the west road is simple and elegant. The three roads areself-contained and harmonious. In these houses, there are not only the buildingsreflecting the royal style and majesty, but also the exquisite architecture anddecoration style from the folk, which constitute the biggest feature of theroyal culture. The garden integrates Jiangnan garden and Northern architecture,and integrates western architecture and Chinese classical garden architecture.Prince Gongs mansion is not only one of the important representatives of theQing Dynastys mansion architecture, but also an important performance of themost mature period of Chinese traditional architecture and gardening skills. Mr.Hou Renzhi, a famous scholar, called it "a palace of Prince Gong, half of thehistory of Qing Dynasty".

Prince Gongs house was listed as a key national protection unit in 1982,and the garden of Prince Gongs house was opened to the public in 1988. In theprocess of my explanation, in order to better protect this precious heritage andensure the safety of your visit to the park, please cooperate. First, do notsmoke. Second, do not climb rocks. Third, take good care of your belongings.Fourth, take good care of the environment and do not litter in the park

1、 The first master of the mansion, he (born in 1750 A.D. in the 15th yearof Qianlong and died in 1799 A.D. in the 4th year of Jiaqing), was originallynamed Shanbao, with the word zhizhai and the surname niuhulu. He belonged to theZhenghong banner of Manchuria (once carried into zhenghuang banner, but hisfamily members were classified as Zhenghong banner after being convicted).)Among the eight banners, they are not aristocrats (eight banners are dividedinto yellow flag, yellow flag, white flag, white flag, red flag, red flag, blueflag and blue flag). The yellow flag, the yellow flag and the white flag led bythe emperor were the upper three banners, the nobles and the lower five banners.)How could he be the greatest favorite of Emperor Qianlong if he was not borninto a noble family and had no degree of Jinshi

There are five main reasons why he is favored

First, smart. He? Has an amazing memory, makes a clear reading and makes asmart decision. Even Jiaqing affirmed that he was "smart and agile". When he wasa child, he studied in Xianan palace, the best school in the capital at thattime (Xianan palace is in the Imperial Palace, which is equivalent to thecurrent national key school. It mainly recruits the children of the internalaffairs government and eight banners officials who are both good-looking andgood-looking). He is proficient in Manchu, Chinese, Mongolian and TibetanLanguages, and can be both civil and military. At the age of 19, he inheritedthe position of third-class light truck captain earned by his ancestors. Threeyears later, there was another vacancy for the third class bodyguard, which gavehim a chance to get close to Emperor Qianlong.

Second, the United tobacco royal family. His son, Fengshen Yinde, was giventhe name by Emperor Qianlong, which means longevity in Manchu. Moreover,Qianlong married his 65 year old daughter Gu Lun and Princess Xiao to his sonFengshen Yinde. The relationship between Emperor Qianlong and "he" changed fromthe relationship between master and slave, the relationship between monarch andminister to the relationship between daughter and family, and Qianlong becamethe real umbrella of "he".

Thirdly, according to unofficial history, I remember that when Hongli wasyoung (later Emperor Qianlong), I once played in the palace and saw nianguifeicombing her hair. Nianguifei was the younger sister of general Nian genyao ofthe Qing Dynasty and one of the top ten beauties of the Qing Dynasty. Her namewas nianqiuyue. Hongli was moved by her beauty and secretly went over to coverher eyes from behind. Qing, Nians concubine was startled and didnt know whowas behind. She picked up the hairpin and rowed back, which just cut Honglisforehead. Later, the empress learned about it, because it spread that it was notgood for Honglis reputation (she was the Royal concubine of Yongzheng, Honglishould call her erniang. )Next year, the imperial concubine hanged herself.Hongli cried bitterly at that time, because one of his frivolous actions killedNian Guifei. I secretly vowed that when I became an emperor, I would meet again,not to repair this life and the afterlife. So stained with cinnabar, she printeda red fingerprint behind her ear. Many years later, when Hongli became emperor,he was Emperor Qianlong. When he first saw him, he was still a stick guard.Qianlong was surprised and felt that he looked like the young lady who died manyyears ago. So he stepped down from the throne and asked if there were anysisters in his family. He said that there were only two brothers, he and he?.When the emperor was disappointed, he suddenly saw a red mole behind his ear. Itwas not only similar to nianguifeis face, but also the size and location of themole. So the emperor thinks that he? Is the reincarnation of Nian Guifei. So theemperor kept him close to him and favored him. He also used his intelligence toplease Qianlong. As a result, his position and status rose like a helicopter.Within three years, Emperor Qianlong passed orders to promote him to theposition of official. He almost made all kinds of high-ranking officials in theQing Dynasty. He had been a military aircraft Minister for 23 years, and wasknown as the second emperor.

Many friends come to Prince Gongs residence with admiration. The film andtelevision works also make a lot of hype about ho. However, there is a big gapbetween the real image of Ho and the image of the film and television works. Hois a real beautiful man with a white face, quick action, dignified and humorousspeech.

The second master, Prince Gong Yi? (1833-1898), was the sixth son ofEmperor Daoguang. He was named Prince Gong in the imperial edict of EmperorDaoguang in 1850. He was an important and influential figure in the politicalsituation of the late Qing Dynasty. After the death of emperor Xianfeng in 1861,he and Cixi jointly launched the "Xinyou coup" to eliminate eight ministers,such as SUSHUN, which paved the way for Cixi to reach the peak of power. Afterthat, he was appointed as the king of political affairs, walked on the militaryplane, and participated in military affairs as a prince, which was very rare inthe Qing Dynasty. As a "leader", he, together with Zeng Guofan, Zhang Zhidongand other feudal officials, set off the famous "Westernization Movement" inmodern Chinese history. Under his invitation and planning, the Qing governmentestablished in 1860 the first official "Ministry of foreign affairs" in Chinesehistory, the premiers national affairs yamen, to deal with foreign affairs. In1862, under his own planning, the Qing government established the capitalTongwen school in Beijing. The establishment of Tongwen school was the beginningof the establishment of a new school in China. It entered the school of BeijingNormal University in 1902 and became the earliest part of the establishment ofPeking University. It seems that the prince of the late Qing Dynasty has acertain relationship with Peking University. Yi? Was the sixth son of EmperorDaoguang. At that time, he was famous for his foreign affairs. Therefore, peoplenicknamed him GUI Zi Liu, and he didnt mind. Because Yi? Was very independentand active in politics, he was afraid of Empress Dowager Cixi. Later, he lostpower and lived in seclusion in Jiehe temple. Yi? Became the tenth iron hat kingof the Qing Dynasty in 1872. He is the author of the collection of works ofledaotang. After the Sino Japanese War of 1894-1895, it was used again. It wasthe Prime Minister of the Navy, the Council for military affairs, and the innercourt. He died in 1898 with the posthumous title of "Zhong". )

2、 Scenic spots in the mansion

The main hall of the palace of yinan, commonly known as "yinan hall", isthe place where important ceremonial activities are held. A group of screens andthe throne of the prince are placed in the center of the hall. It corresponds tothe Jinluan Hall of the Forbidden City. Jinluan hall was the place where theemperor summoned and held important ceremonies.

The tall building you see now was newly built in this overhaul as it was inthe Guangxu reign of Tongzhi. The original yinan hall, together with the Eastand west side halls, was destroyed by burning incense on the night of theLantern Festival on January 15, 1921.

The new construction process of yinan Hall:

The yinan hall was built according to the strict Architectural Regulationsof the Qing Dynasty and the highest standard roof of the royal palace.

Tourists, please observe the color of the tiles on the roof of the mainhall, the number of animals on the roof ridge, the number of doornails on themain door, etc. How are they different from the palace museum you can see?

The roof of the imperial palace is covered with golden colored glass, whichis the symbol of imperial power; the roof of the main hall of the Royal Palaceis covered with green colored glass tiles, and the roof of the auxiliary hall iscovered with gray tiles, which indicates the princes status.

In ancient architecture, door nails were only used on board doors.Originally used to guard against the enemys fire attack, so Zhuoyi was coveredwith mud to prevent fire. Doornails are usually made of copper. In the QingDynasty, the use of door nails was regulated. In royal architecture, there arenine nails for each door, nine in each direction, and a total of ninety-nine andeighty-one nails. Nine is the pole of Yang number, symbolizing the higheststatus of the emperor. Because the imperial temple is dedicated to the emperorsof the past dynasties, it also has nine road studs; seven roads in the RoyalPalace take seven roads, but seven roads in the princes palace take nine roads;further down there are five roads take five roads.

Duofuxuan is commonly known as "tengluoyuan". The main hall was called"Yanxi hall" in the period of peace, which was the residence of the son andPrincess of peace. It was called "duofuxuan" in the period of Prince Gong. Itwas the hall and living room of the palace. It was mainly used by the host toreceive visitors, relatives and friends or subordinates who came to report backto the official affairs. It was also used to store gifts sent by the emperor."Duofuxuan" was inscribed by Emperor Xianfeng. It means the palace of a lot ofhappiness. The plaque of "Tongde Yanxi" is hung in the center of the hall, whichis intended to warn the host that only when you and the emperor have the samevirtue can you extend the Xi (XI: good luck and long life). Please observecarefully that the four walls of the hall near the ceiling are all hung with theinscription of "Fu Shou". The inscription of "Fu Shou" is written on the redsquare paper (i.e. "Dou Fang") and is placed in a shuttle shape. The inscriptionof "Fu Shou" is made in pairs.

Since the reign of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, every winter, the emperorhad to write the words "Fu" and "Shou" in person and give them to the king, theDuke, the minister and the empress. The word "Shou" will be added to every majorbirthday celebration. According to convention, the old "Fu Shou" Dou Fang cannot be removed. Instead, the new "Fu Shou" Dou Fang is pasted directly on theold one, meaning "Fu Tian Shou". Now what you see is the original copy.

Please carefully observe the Phoenix and seal painting of Qianlong periodon the roof beam. Although only partial Phoenix Tail pattern remains, it hasspecial value. Its existence confirms that Fudi East Road was once Princessmansion.

Hexi painting is also known as palace architectural painting. This kind ofarchitectural painting is the highest level painting in the Qing Dynasty, mostlypainted on palace buildings or buildings related to the royal family

Ledaotang is the largest building on the East Road and the last one toenter the courtyard. The main room is called "ledaotang". On the interior beams,there are two hundred years of colorful paintings of baojindi and Phoenix in themiddle Qing Dynasty, which indicates that it was the residence of the princessduring the period of peace. In the period of Prince Gong, this is the livingroom of the prince. Now the interior is displayed as it was when Prince Gonglived. The plaque of "ledaotang" was given to Yi? By Emperor Daoguang himself.It expresses a fathers wish for his sons happiness and auspiciousness.

He is not a prince. In the Qing Dynasty, when the feudal hierarchy was verystrict, why did he build such a luxurious private house in spite of large-scaleconstruction? You can see the reason from the following records.

Yin De, the son of he, was born on the 19th of the first month of the 40thyear of Qianlong (1775), half a month younger than Princess He Xiao. He andQianlong formed a family of sons and daughters, and became the most unattainablerelatives of the emperor. He Jianhe house was actually built as Princess House,so he Jianhe house was built according to the double specifications of PrincessHouse and first-class officials of the imperial court

Jiale Hall

Jiale hall is the hall name of Hejin period. It is said that the plaque ofJiale hall was given to Hejin by Qianlong. During the period of Prince Gong, itwas the "Temple", that is, the place where Shamanism activities were held.

Shamanism sacrificial activities: Ancient Mongolians believed in Shamanismfirst. Shamanism worships gods and divides the world into three kinds: heavenabove, earth in the middle and hell below.

The most important way of Shaman sacrifice is to worship ancestors andheaven. It is said that the ancestors of Manchu people fell into a trap in abattle and had to hide in a big tree in a hurry. The birds on the tree did notmove, so they did not expose the ancestors of Manchu people to the enemy and letthem survive. Therefore, Manchu people revered the birds as gods.

Grand Theater

The grand theater building of Prince Gongs mansion, built during the reignof tongzhi (1862-1874), is a place for Prince Gong and his relatives to watchthe opera. This theater is the only existing fully enclosed theater in China. Inthe archives of the Qing Dynasty, theatrical buildings were called "bigtheatrical rooms". The building area is 685 square meters, and its architecturalform adopts a three volume hook and build fully enclosed structure. It is saidthat although the whole theater building is of brick and wood structure, it doesnot use an iron nail. In particular, it is worth mentioning the sound effect ofthe Grand Theater. In order to ensure the fidelity of the sound, several largetanks are placed under the stage. The ingenious and special structure increasesthe resonance reverberation space, so that the audience can clearly hear thesinging of the actors without any sound transmission tools at any position inthe theater. Once, after a famous singer came here to sing, he excitedly praisedthat the timbre effect of the grand theater building was better than that of theconcert hall.

In the peony courtyard, the location of the theater is general, but theinside is resplendent. On both sides of the stage, the two pillars, the fourwalls and the top are all painted with twigs and vines. The scene of greenleaves and purple flowers in full bloom makes people feel like watching theOpera under the vines. It is said that at that time, even Empress Dowager Cixiwas sitting in the courtyard. Prince Gong worried that he would be guilty ofoverstepping the system, so he painted a lot of vines on the roof, which meansthat this is the vines rack, not the lobby. Its very kind of him. There are 20large palace lanterns hanging on the top of the shed, and 20 eight immortalstables with Taishi chairs are placed in an orderly manner. The back walls of thetheater are light brown wooden lattice, with dark blue silk cloth as the bottomlining. On the south side of the hall is a stage about one meter high. Above thestage, there is a black plaque with gold characters, which is written with fourseal characters of "enjoy yourself". In the south, there is an actors dressingroom in the backstage and a stage in the front. In the north, there are placesfor VIPs and their wives to watch and rest. Yis birthday is in the late Octoberof the lunar calendar. When holding a birthday party, a fire is needed, so theGrand Theater is also called "warm building" by the government. In addition toacting, it was also the place where the wedding ceremony was held in PrinceGongs mansion. Every time the important figures in the mansion die, the theaterwill be full of couplets, buildings, cigarettes, long hanging, and monks andnuns in each temple will sprinkle sutras one after another to pass the dead.

In 1936, Pu Ru, the grandson of Prince Gong Yi? Who lived in the garden atthat time, celebrated his mother Mrs. Xiangs birthday and organized a hall playin the theater. At that time, famous actors in the Peking Opera circle gatheredin the Grand Theater and performed on the stage one after another. This is thelast meeting of Prince Gongs mansion. Now?

天坛有非常多的柏树，而在这许多古柏当中，有一株500余岁的桧柏，就是回音壁西墙外的这棵九龙柏。它的树干纹理非常的奇特，布满了沟壑，而且旋转扭曲，好像9条蟠龙缠绕嬉戏，故称之为九龙柏。在游览过了圜丘坛和皇穹宇之后，我们就即将走进祈谷坛了，而现在我们脚下连接两个祭坛的就是丹陛桥，也叫做海墁大道，而它也是皇帝登上祈谷坛的唯一通道，长360米，桥面上分为三条道，中间的是神道，东边是御道，西边的就是王道。

现在呈现在您面前的就是祈谷坛的完整建筑群。前面的这个石台是具服台，在每年孟春祈谷祭祀之前，皇帝照例还是要来到这里搭建幄次，盥洗更衣，所以这里还有小金殿之称。到此，祈谷坛的主体建筑祈年殿就出现在我们面前了。祈年殿下的基座是三层的圆形石台，而在正面三层石台阶中，分别装饰着巨大的浮雕，叫做殿前丹陛石雕。从下之上内容分别是：瑞云山海，双凤山海，双龙山海。各层排水孔的图案和浮雕的内容也是对应的。东西两旁的配殿个有九间，原来是安放从祀牌位的地方，不过在家靖年间，把它们挪到了先农坛，所以现在这里也就没有什么实际用途了。而祈年殿本身就是一座极具中国特色的独特建筑。圆形三重檐攒尖屋顶向上层层收缩，都是用蓝色的琉璃瓦覆盖，以此来象征天。顶部是鎏金宝顶，抬头仰视，便是龙凤藻井，中心是龙凤成祥的图案。而巨大的三层殿顶就是靠殿内的28根落地柱支撑的，中间的四柱名叫龙井柱，东南西北方向分别代表了春夏秋冬;而龙井柱外围的12个红漆金柱所分割出来的12个开间，则分别代表了一年的12个月份;外面两环的24个开间有分别代表了一年的24个节气;同时，这28根大柱，也代表了天上的28个星宿。据说这祈年殿是仿照古代明堂设计建造的。在感叹殿内建筑的同时，也让我们把注意力逐渐转移到殿内的陈设上来。这里的陈设是按照清朝咸丰年间原状恢复的，正面的雕龙宝座上供奉着的是满汉合璧的皇天上帝神版，左右两侧的石台上供奉的是清朝前八位皇帝的牌位。和每年的祭天一样，这里是用来祈谷的地方。在祭祀的当天，有乐队在殿外月台上奏乐，身穿祭服的皇帝虔诚步入神殿，向牌位行大礼，祈祷上苍，然后把供品送到祈年门外东边的燔柴炉和燎炉焚烧，送上天宫。祈谷礼节和祭天的差不多。到这里，祈年殿也差不多讲完了，而它还有一个附属建筑，作用和皇穹宇差不多，也是存放祈谷坛祭祀神主的地方，就是祈年殿北侧的皇乾殿。现在我们从祈谷坛的东门出来，可以看到一条连檐通脊的长廊，共有七十二间，俗称七十二连房，它不仅用来连接神厨神库，而且也是祭祀时运送祭品的通道，在长廊的东头，就是宰牲亭，就是前面所说过了鬼门关的牲畜要道这里来屠宰。而在长廊的东南方向，有八块巨大的青石，称为七星石，都是风水镇石。大家看，这里明明就有八块石头，但是为什么会命名为七星石呢?现在我告诉大家。明代在这里放的的确是七块石头，而最小的那一块则是清代增添上的。关于七星石的说法每个朝代都不同。在明代，有个道士和皇帝说祈年殿的方位不好，不利于国家，所以就在这里放了象征着北斗七星的七块石头。而在清代，康熙皇帝为了给满族爱新觉罗氏寻找从东北如主中原的理论依据，就派人考察山脉，发现泰山是长白山的余脉，所以就在原来七块石头的东北方有放了一小块儿青石，象征东北长白山，如果按这种说法，那八块石头就应该叫做七峰东岳。

各位游客，大家好!北京的北海公园，是世界上保存最完好的古代皇家园林。它风景如画，闻名世界。它那秀丽的湖光山色，各式各样的古代建筑，令游人赞叹不已。

琼岛位于北海公园的中心，它四周是水，像大海中升起的一座高山。这里的景色十分美丽，岛上到处是苍松翠柏，绿树红花，还有高大的宫殿、庙宇，精巧的亭台、楼阁，以及长廊、短桥、奇洞、怪石，如同仙境一般。岛的四周水面开阔，湖水平静得像一面大镜子，映出了蓝天白云的倒影，也映出了琼岛那美丽的身影。

琼岛上的白塔，高大雄伟。它遍身洁白，犹如一尊精美的白玉石瓶。塔基有三层，每层都有一人多高，塔身高三十多米，最大的直径有十四米。高高的塔顶上，覆盖一顶流金宝盖，宝盖上悬挂着一只只铜铃。微风吹过，铜铃摇动，发出悦耳的声音。

湖北岸的五龙亭，造型别致，就像一条巨龙在湖边戏水。九龙壁上，九条形态各异的奔腾在云雾波涛中的蛟龙，体态矫健，栩栩如生……

北海公园的景点，数不胜数，吸引着许多中外游客。您们今天的到来，也让我们很高心，谢谢大家!

青龙峡旅游风景名胜区位于河南省焦作市修武县境内，距焦作市区33公里，面积约108平方公里，由七大游览区共计100多个景点组成。青龙峡景区是我省唯一的峡谷型省级重点风景名胜区，有“中原第一大峡谷”之美称。

青龙峡一年四季风光秀美。

春季的青龙峡，黄花遍地，山花烂漫，蝶去蜂来，争奇斗艳。美丽的连翘沟，神奇的桃花谷，到处都笼罩在一片春意盎然之中。四月，山下已是春夏之交，山上却春意正浓，“早春春来迟”、“暮春春还早”，如果你因什么缘故错过了春天的季节，那么你一定能在五月的青龙峡领略到乍暖还寒的春色美景。

夏季的青龙峡，是中原地区不可多得的避暑胜地。这里，七月最高气温只有29℃，平均气温22℃，夜间气温在15℃左右，气候 凉爽，空气清新，景色秀美，是避暑清夏的胜地。

秋季的青龙峡，万山红遍，层林尽染，红叶如火似霞，一簇簇、一丛丛、宛如红色的海洋，田野山林里，红红的苹果，金黄的柿子，火红的山楂，紫色的桑葚等各种各样的山果伸手可摘，弯腰可拣;极具浓郁地方民俗风情的农家小院里，一吊吊金黄的玉米，一串串火红的辣椒，把青石院落装饰得绚丽多彩。

冬季的青龙峡，是冰的世界，是雪的画卷。冬季进入景区仿佛走进了雪域高原。站在景区观景台上聚目远眺，峡谷上下，惟余莽莽，峰峦沟壑，银装素裹。松柏亭台掩隐在冰雪之下，兽踪鸟影迷失在旷野之中。在这冰雪的世界里，可以踏雪寻梅，亦可坐听雪落，那份宁静、那份闲适，令人陶醉。

大家好!欢迎你 们来到北京旅游，我先自我介绍一下，我叫赵新，大家可以叫我赵导。我相信这次旅游必将成为一次难忘的旅行。我简单介绍一下行程，我们这次要去的是中外闻名的景山公园，大家下车后请跟我走，以免走丢。

这就是大家盼望已久的景山，景山也叫煤上，他由挖护城河的土堆积而成，这是故宫的靠上。大家看这两只石狮子，仔细看这两只石狮子是很明显的不同，相信有些旅客已经看出来了，这两只狮子，一只踩的是绣球，另一只踩的是小狮子。踩绣球的是公的，踩小狮子的是母的。

大家请一起跟我走，看! 这崇祯自缢处，老北京人管这叫歪脖子树，还有一个历史故事呢，景山东边，原有一个棵长歪了的老槐树，这是崇祯皇帝上吊的地方。明朝末年，李自成带领起义军于1644年3月攻入北京，崇祯3月19日逃到景山，自觉有愧于祖先的基业，用腰带上吊在这棵树之上。十年动乱期间，当成“四旧”砍掉，198年在原址又多移植了一棵古槐。

请大家跟我上山，大家看这座亭子。这座亭子在景山的最高峰，大家往下看，这一非金碧辉煌的宫殿就是故宫，大家站在这可以看见故宫的全景，原来这里是全北京的最高峰，给大家20分钟自由时间，自觉观赏。观赏完大家到这里集合可以买一点纪念品。

我们今天的行程已经接近尾声，欢迎大家再来北京玩。

当您走在廊上时会有步移景换的感觉，沿假山上的半壁廊，即可到达叠翠楼。它是全园最高的建筑。是慈禧太后在1885年挪用海军军费修建的。匾额也是慈禧所提，从楼上可以观看四周景色和市井民风。

从叠翠楼东侧沿廊而下可进入迷离的山洞。请看这座宏伟的假山，它是静心斋的主要景观，一些山石连接在一起，一些山石排列成曲折的样子，形成了了一个整体。当冬天大雪降下，这些山石就象是片片白云一般。

静心斋浓缩了中国古典园林之精华，在不足一顷之地，建造了辉煌的殿堂、静雅的小室、精巧的叠石、开阔的亭子、小桥、泉瀑、山洞、树木，所有这些都和谐统一，呈现出四季景色。静心斋是一座美丽的园林。同太液池相比，您是否觉得这座小园林更幽静和安详。

大西天景区点 (西天梵境、九龙壁 ) 这里是北海公园北岸的大西天景区。

静心斋的东侧有一组建于明代嘉靖年间的庙宇，原是大西天经厂，清代称为"西天梵(fàn)境"，又称为大西天。

这个景区包含着三重院落，"西天梵境"庙山门前，有一座高大、壮观的三洞四柱七楼彩色琉璃牌楼，正面匾额题为"华藏界"，寓意是：游览至此向北便顿时进入了佛门净门净土之地。琉璃牌楼宏伟的气势，为后面的庙宇增添了神秘与辉煌，也成为北海北岸一处显著的景观标志。

"西天梵境"的围墙是朱墙碧瓦，三座独立汉白玉券门，都是黄琉璃筒瓦歇山顶大脊门楼。门楼的下面是红墙，以汉白玉须弥座为依托。门楼左右以宇墙相联，中间门楼外台明上，装有汉白玉围栏，台阶正中丹陛是二龙戏珠浮雕，这块汉白玉丹陛，石质细腻，雕刻精良，是难得的古代石刻艺术精品。

"西天梵境"有三座山门，朱红门、黄金钉，威严庄重。门前设有月台，围有彩色琉璃花墙，更显肃穆与华贵。北海众多皇家寺庙建筑中，西天禅林喇嘛庙山门，以及门前月台、牌楼等景致，整体气势的宏伟与雍容、确属独一无二。进入"西天梵境"山门，前院正殿是高大的天王殿，这是我们进入的第一个院落，这里种有松树和槐树。在院子的两边还立有两座建筑，东边的是钟楼，西边的是鼓楼。俗话说，晨钟暮鼓。楼的南侧各竖一根旗杆，楼北各有一座八角石幢耸立于石台之上，东幢刻《佛法药师如来本愿经》，西幢刻《金刚般若波罗密经》，其书法及刻法皆为艺术精品。

尊敬的女士们、先生们、小朋友们：

大家好!

我是今天的导游盛泽西，大家可以叫我小盛。今天我们要参观的是天坛，它是世界著名文化遗产之一。今天，我很高兴和大家共同欣赏它美丽的景色和建筑，共度这段美好的时光，预祝大家玩得愉快!。

天坛是明清两代皇帝祭天的场所，始建于明永乐20xx年(1420xx年)，以后经过不断的扩建，至清乾隆年间建成。它从建成开始，一直是皇帝祭天的专用祭坛，一直延续了490年，直到1920xx年辛亥革命封建帝制结束，它也完成了它的使命。1920xx年被辟为公园，从此后“任人游览”。1957年被列入北京市第一批古建筑文物保护单位。1961年被国务院列入第一批全国重点文物保护单位。

天坛公园现有面积为205万平方米，保存有祈谷坛、圜丘坛、斋宫、神乐四组古建筑群，有古建筑92座600余间。是世界上现存规模最大、形制最完备的古代祭天建筑群。天坛有3500余株古松柏、古槐，树龄逾数百年。

天坛不仅是中国古代皇帝的祭坛，也是中国悠久的祭天文化的结晶，其宏伟的建筑、苍翠的古树、丰富的文物收藏既记载了中国古代先民的企盼和希望，也记载了封建帝王的睿智、昏庸和腐朽。

各位亲爱的游客朋友们，我们今天的游览就要结束了。非常高兴能与大家共同度过这段美好的时光。对我今天的导游有什么不满意之处，请大家批评指正，谢谢!

各位游客:

我们今天所要参观的就是以前皇帝祭天的地方――天坛。明朝永乐皇帝迁都北京以后，在北京南城仿照南京的大祀殿建立了这作用于祭天的圣坛，占地面积达到了273万平方米。主建筑是大祀殿，也就是今天祈年殿的位置上。天坛有外坛墙和内坛墙，北面是圆形，南面是方形，取意天圆地方。

在一开始，祭天和祭地都是天坛，直到明嘉靖年间在北城修建了地坛，才分开的，并且新增了圜丘坛，用于孟冬祭天，把原来的大祀殿改为大享殿，专门用于孟春祈谷，当时殿宇屋顶已经是三重檐了，从上至下的蓝黄绿三色瓦分别代表了天地万物。而在乾隆年间，有将大享殿改为现在的祈年殿，而将屋顶瓦片都改成了蓝色的琉璃瓦。从而形成了今天我们所看到的这个世界上最大的祭天建筑群。可是这样一个祭天圣地，却也曾经在1860年时遭到英法联军的洗劫，继而在1900年的时候又遭到了八国联军的蹂躏。在1916年袁世凯登基的时候也曾经在天坛上演了一出祭天的闹剧。

在1918年，天坛最终还是以公园开放。解放以后天坛不仅成了著名的旅游景点，而且还是北京城市绿地的组成部分，来这里的不光是旅游者，还不乏一些专门为了强身健体的老人们。现在就让我们沿着当年皇帝登坛的路线开始此次游览。现在我们正沿着天坛建筑的中轴线向南行进，将要看到的就是古代皇帝祭天的圜丘坛。圜丘有两道围护墙，使外方内圆，符合天圆地方的说法。每道墙都有四组棂星门，从东面依次是泰元、昭亨、广利、成贞，每组三门，共有24座，称为“云门玉立”。大家可以注意到，棂星门的大小都不一样，这是因为中门是上帝专用的，所以高大;皇帝只能从左侧的门进入;而其他的官员只能从右边最小的门通过。而门外的一座平台就是皇帝在祭天大典之前更换祭服和盥洗的地方，叫做具服台。来到了圜丘坛下，我们马上要开始登坛了，不过我请您留心每层坛面都要有多少台阶。到了最高层，大家也就都发现了，坛上所有的台阶数，护板数都是九或者九的倍数。每登上一层，都要有9层台阶，台面上的石板中间的叫做天心石，外围第一圈砌着9圈巨大的扇形石板。

各位游客大家好，我是__旅行社的导游员，我姓宋，在接下来的几天当中，我将陪伴大家共同游览北京的名胜风景，希望通过我的讲解，能够是您对北京留下非常美好的印象，同时也希望您能对我的工作提出宝贵的意见。好，现在我们就开始今天的游览行程吧。

故宫占地72万平方米，其中建筑面积为16.3万平方米，南北长961米，东西宽753米，周围有10米高的城墙环绕，还有宽52米的护城河，在四角都建有一座精美的角楼。根据1973年的统计，故宫有大小院落90多座，房屋有980座，共计8704间。明朝永乐皇帝朱棣登基不久，在永乐四年，也就是1406年下诏营建北京紫禁城。修建分为两个阶段，第一阶段是从永乐四年开始备料，而第二阶段就是在永乐十五年，1417年六月开始动工兴建，历时14年，在永乐十八年，1420年完工。在建造过程中，征集了全国10万名能工巧匠和民夫100万人，而建筑材料都来自全国各地，比如汉白玉石来北京房山，金砖来自苏州，石灰来自河北易州，五色虎皮石来自河北蓟县盘山，殿基所用的精砖石来自山东临清，松木多来自东北，而楠木多来自四川、云贵、浙江等地，可见当时工程的浩大。故宫基本上是按照明中都皇宫的蓝图而修建的，布局规划遵循了《周礼·考工计》的都城设计礼制：前朝后寝，左祖右社。大致分为南北两个部分，南半部位前朝，北半部则为后寝。前朝是以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心，文华殿和武英殿为东西两翼，是皇帝举行朝会的地方。而后寝则是以乾清、交泰、坤宁这后三殿以及东西六宫、御花园为中心，外东路、外西路的建筑为主，是皇帝处理日常政务和后宫皇妃居住、祭祀的地方。左祖右社是这样布局的：在午门外东侧是皇帝祭祖的场所太庙，西侧则是祭社稷的场所社稷坛。按照这种布局建筑而成的故宫就是明清两代24位皇帝的皇宫，其中明朝14位，清朝10位，统治时间总共长达五个世纪。由于它在中国历史上的特殊地位和它精美的建筑群体，所以在1987年被联合国教科文组织收录到了《世界文化遗产名录》当中，成为世界上规模最大、保存最完整的宫殿建筑群。现在在北京有一条贯穿南北的中轴线，被梁思成先生称为伟大的中轴线，全长8.5公里，南起永定门，北到钟楼，其中包括故宫在内的皇城就占了三分之一。这条中轴线也叫做龙脉，线上的景山是内城的中心点，也是故宫的镇山。

我们有时候还把故宫叫做紫禁城，而它的名称是怎样得来的呢?我国古代天文学家把天上的主要恒星分为三垣、四象和二十八星宿。三垣是太微垣、紫微垣和天市垣。其中紫薇垣居中，是天上皇帝所居住的地方，称为紫宫。封建帝王自称是天帝的儿子，所以他们也把自己居住的皇宫象征为天上的紫宫。而且皇帝居住的地方戒备森严，不许庶民百姓接近，是绝对的禁地，又称为禁宫，所以这里也被叫做紫禁城。这里共有四道门，分别是午门、神武门、东华门和西华门。而紫禁城的正门就是午门，因为在罗盘上，上午的代表正南，所以午门也是南大门的意思。它的平面呈“凹”字型，从汉代的门阙形制演变过来。下端有高12米的墩台，正中的墩台上面有门楼，两侧还设有钟鼓亭，东西两侧突出的部分叫观，上部各有廊庑13间，两端还建有重檐攒尖方亭。中央的广场叫阙。在明清两代，这里是朝廷举行颁朔大典和献俘典礼的地方。正中开了三道门，两侧都有掖门，这种做法称为“明三暗五”。五个门洞都有各自的用途：中门是皇帝专用的，或者皇帝大婚的时候，皇后可以从这里入宫，科考三甲也可以从这里入宫;平时，文武百官走左门，宗室王公走右门;掖门只有在大型活动的时候才开，三品以下的官员按照文东武西分别通过东西掖门，外国使节要从西掖门才可以入宫;在殿试的时候，考生分单双号，从东西掖门中通过。

进入午门，我们首先看到的就是内金水河，它自西向东蜿蜒流过太和门广场，上边还有五座汉白玉石桥，就是内金水桥了。内金水河的作用不仅是故宫中排水的主要通道，也是建筑和灭火的主要水源，同时还起到了点缀景观的作用，使太和门广场在雄浑中不失秀美。

在太和门两旁还有两道门，就是德昭门和贞度门。每逢皇帝出宫，都要在太和门换车，而且皇帝大婚的时候，皇后也要从太和门进入皇宫。在光绪四年的时候就发生了这样一件事：在光绪皇帝大婚前夕，太和门突然被火烧毁了，可是大婚当天皇后要从这里经过，所以朝廷就在北京寻找了能工巧匠，连夜用彩绸还有木料搭建了一座假的太和门，才使得婚礼如期进行，而在第二年，太和门才重建完成。

过了太和门我们就进入了太和殿广场，它面积有3万多平方米，在每年的元旦、冬至、还有皇帝生日以及一些重大活动的时候，都要在太和殿以及太和殿广场举行隆重的朝礼。

现在我们面前这座宏伟的建筑就是太和殿了，它和中和殿还有保和殿是建立在一个土字型的三层台基上，台基南北长230米，高8.13米，在四周围还建有一些楼阁，其实就是清朝内务府所管辖的库房。太和殿是故宫中最高最大的建筑，面积有2377平方米，通高35.05米，面阔11间，进深5间。其实在明朝奉天殿的时候，这里市面阔9间，进深5间的大殿，到了清朝年间，将它改为了现在的大小，其实在两侧的夹室是封闭的，不能作为正殿使用，所以实际上还市面阔9间，进深5间，同时，也将它改名为太和殿。太和二字出自于《周易》中的：“保合大和”，而太和的观念是上古天人和一观念的延伸，强调了君臣之间，人与自然之间还有个民族之间的和谐。在太和殿的屋顶正脊上还有一个高3.36米的大吻，往下还有11个垂脊兽，在我国古代，异兽的数量越多，代表了殿宇等级越高。在殿内有72根大住支撑，当中的六根是沥粉贴金云龙图案的金柱，上面支撑了藻井，再藻井当中雕刻有蟠龙，龙口中衔有轩辕镜。轩辕二字出自于我国古代天文学中的轩辕星，意思就是轩辕黄帝之星，也是掌管雷雨之星，在殿顶上建有藻井，一是为了代表当朝的皇帝才是中华民族的正统继承人，第二则是起到了镇火的作用。

殿内的陈设也非常的多。金銮宝座是明代的遗物，清朝的皇帝继续使用。在袁复辟的时候，曾经将它换成了一个中西合璧，不伦不类类似沙发的座椅，解放以后，专家们在家具库中发现了原来的宝座，经过一年多的整修，终于恢复了它本来的面貌。

殿内的地平床高6尺多，上面设有屏风，宝座等，在台面上还有香亭、仙鹤等等。在皇帝上朝的时候，就要点燃檀香，烘托出一种神秘的气氛。殿中有一只象，身上驼着宝瓶，里面放有五谷，寓意天下太平，吉庆有余。而象身四脚立地，稳如泰山，象征社会和政权的稳固。称为太平有象。角端，是传说中的一种神兽，象征着当今皇帝是圣明之君。仙鹤被古人认为是一种长寿鸟，象征着江山长存。香亭是从香炉演变而来的，放在殿中，象征着国家安定。

在太和殿外还有很多的陈设。日 ：是我国古代的计时器，在此处标准的北京时间

嘉量则是乾隆年间全国的标准化计量器，在乾清宫前也有一个。铜龟铜鹤都是长寿的动物，放置在这里也是寓意长寿。在故宫内有大小水缸308口，用来防火，叫做太平缸。在太和殿外的这两个镏金大缸，重2吨，可是上面的黄金却被八国联军用军刀刮走了。围绕着太和殿，还有一些故事。在1908年12月，四岁的溥仪在太和殿登基，他的父亲跪在宝座下，扶着他，可是溥仪却哭喊着说：“我不再这儿，我要回家，我不再这儿，我要回家。”他的父亲只好说：“别哭了别哭了，快完了。”典礼结束以后，文武百官窃窃私语说这不是个好兆头。果不其然，三年以后，孙中山先生领导辛亥革命胜利推翻了清王朝，结束了中国的封建帝制。可是在1915年，袁窃取了辛亥革命的胜利果实，自称“洪宪皇帝”，企图恢复封建社会，还在太和殿搞了登基典礼，把三大殿中匾额上的满文统统去掉了。而且还命令京城内的煤铺把墙上的“元煤”去掉，把元宵改为汤圆。不过他只作了83天的皇帝，就在全国一片倒袁声中死了。

中和殿在明朝的时候曾经叫做华盖殿和中极殿，在顺治年间改为中和殿，取自《礼记·中庸》“中也者，天下之大本也;和也者，天下之达道也。”殿名体现了儒家的中庸思想在明清两代举行大潮礼的时候，皇帝在赶赴太和殿之前，都要在中和殿稍作休息，接受官员朝贺。在遇到重大祭典的时候，还要在前一日阅览祝文或者检查种子农具。清朝规定每十年都要修一次皇室的家谱，也就是玉牒，在修订好以后，就要在中和殿内让皇帝阅览，并举行存放仪式。

过了中和殿，我们就来到了保和殿，明朝这里曾经叫做谨身殿，建极殿，顺治年间改为中和殿，名称来源与太和殿相同，都是保合大和之意。保和殿在明清两代用途不同。明朝的时候，在举行册立大典的时候，皇帝都要在保和殿内更衣。在年底，还要在此宴请文武百官。在清朝的时候，每逢正月十五，除夕，也都要在此举行宴会。而且这里还是清朝举行殿试的地方。在保和殿后，有一个巨大的云龙石雕，是艾叶青石雕刻而成的。清朝乾隆年间，将原来明代所雕刻的花纹去掉，重新雕琢。石雕高16.57米，宽3.07米，厚1.7米，重达200多吨。在石雕四周都是卷草纹，下端是海水江牙纹，中央是飞云簇拥的九条蛟龙。制作非常精美，是难得的石雕珍品。这块石头是来自北京的房山，搬动这块石头的时候动用了很多的人力物力。不过这块石头为什么会在保和殿后面，史料上是没有记载的，根据专家推测，可能是因为这块石头运过来以后就放在这里，想要重新移动非常的困难，所以就放在了这里。

游览完了前三殿，就来到了后寝区的正门乾清门。在后寝区中共有15宫，专家认为，这与天文学中的紫薇垣和八卦都有象征性的关系。

在清朝康熙年间，乾清门就是举行御门听政的地方，而在西侧还有一排连房，就是军机处，他是在雍正年间设立的，直到辛亥革命爆发的时候才被废除。军机处是一个非常重要的机构，凌驾于内阁之上，但是当时为了防止泄密事件的发生，督察院每天都要派御史到军机处旁边的内务府值班，监视这里的活动。

现在大家看到的就是乾清宫了。乾清二字取自唐代韩愈《六合圣德诗》中的诗句：“乾清坤夷”，意思就是天下清和，各地平安。在明朝和清朝初年，皇帝的寝宫一直都是这里，到了雍正皇帝以后，就挪到了养心殿，从此，乾清宫九成了皇帝听政的地方。在每年过节的时候，皇帝都要在乾清宫举行庆典活动，清朝康熙乾隆年间，还在宫内举行了“千叟宴”。而且“康熙智擒鳌拜”的故事也发生在这里。而且皇帝死后，必须要在这里停灵，祭奠15日，表示寿终正寝，之后才可以转移到其他地方。在乾清宫内正中设有金漆宝座，后面还有屏风，上面刻有先帝的圣训。在宝座上方还高悬着“正大光明”的匾额。在雍正皇帝即位以后，对于争夺皇位的种.种弊病，他发布了秘密立储的上谕，从而改变了封建王朝公开册礼太子的制度。此后，皇帝亲自写储君谕旨两份，一份儿放在这块正大光明的匾额后边，另一份儿则自己藏起来。在皇帝去世以后，拿出两份诏书核对无误以后，即可生效。

在明朝，围绕着乾清宫还发生了三大疑案。就是壬寅宫变，红丸案还有移宫案。壬寅宫变就是在明朝嘉靖年间，皇帝正在乾清宫中睡觉，宫女杨金英等16人一起下手，想把皇帝杀死，但是在慌忙之中却把绳子打成了死结，所以没有成功。结果这些人就全都被处死了，这年正好是壬寅年，所以称为壬寅宫变。自此以后，皇帝不敢在乾清宫中居住，直到临终前一天才回到了这里，但是当天就死了。红丸案的发生是在明朝万历皇帝朱翊君死了以后，他的儿子朱常洛即位。但是不久他就病了，服用了进贡上来的红丸，吃了一颗感觉很不错，所以有吃了第二颗，结果就死在了乾清宫内，前后只作了29天的皇帝，所以被人们称为一月天子。移宫案是在一月天子朱常洛死了以后，他的爱妃李妃有野心相当皇后，所以就坚持要和即将登基的皇太子朱由校一起住在乾清宫，以此要挟群臣。但是这些大臣设计把太子从她手中骗了出来，可是他还是在乾清宫不走。直到太子即位前一天晚上，大臣一起到门口斥责他，就这样，他才被迫离开了乾清宫。

在乾清宫的后边就是交泰殿，取自《易经》中的天地交泰，象征着帝后生活和谐。在殿中央放有25颗宝玺，上方高悬着康熙皇帝御书、乾隆临摹的“无为”匾额。东侧陈设着我国古代人民发明的计时器——铜壶滴漏，西侧陈设着大自鸣钟一座。此在，在每年皇后的生日，皇后都要在交泰殿接受庆贺礼，就连皇太后还有皇帝都要来这里庆贺。在每年皇后到先蚕坛举行仪式的前一天都要在这里检阅采桑工具。

我叫任_，是你们这次天坛之旅的导游。此刻我们的车正行驶在去天坛的路上，在那里我先简单地介绍一下天坛。

天坛位于北京城南端，是明清两代祭祀天地之神和祈祷五谷丰登的地方。它的严谨的建筑布局，奇特的建筑结构，瑰丽的建筑装饰，被认为是我国现存的一组最精致、最美丽的古建筑群。天坛不仅仅是中国古建筑中的明珠，也是世界建筑史上的瑰宝。

好了，我们已经到了天坛公园，请大家跟我出发吧!此刻我们看到的是祈年殿。殿高33米，直径24。2米，是昔日北京的最高建筑之一。1751年重建祈年殿，更换蓝瓦金顶。1887年八月二十四日，雷雨交加，祈年殿不幸被击中，焚烧。因楹柱为檀香木，香飘数里!

下面我们来到天坛南半部的圆丘坛，它始建于1530年，坐北朝南，四周绕以红色宫墙。子墙内部各有一大门，每座门上题有满汉合壁门额。内中央处，就是祭天台(也叫拜天台)，即圆丘台。

咦，不知大家是否注意到，自从我们进入天坛，到处树木葱郁，尤其在南北轴线和建筑群附近，更是古柏参天，树冠相接，把祭坛烘托得十分肃穆。

好了，我的介绍到那里就结束了，下面大家能够自由参观。

“大家好!我来自广东省，我叫凌青烨。大家可以叫我凌导。今天就是由我来担任你们的导游。我们现在在开往大家都非常熟悉的：北京大学。”

“北京大学创立与1898你，名京师大学堂，是中国的第一所国立大学，是我国综合实力最强的大学之一，与清华大学齐名。”

“好了，现在已经到了北大的校门口了，请大家注意一下卫生，如有垃圾请扔到垃圾桶或垃圾袋里。好了。我们下车吧。”

现在我们来到了北大最有名的：一塔湖图。塔是指博雅塔，塔级有十三级，高三十七公尺，本来是一座水塔，现在已成为了一处风景，供大家欣赏。湖是未名湖。当年取名时，参选的名称很多，但都不令人满意，最后由国学大师钱穆先生一锤定音，直接就叫“未名湖”了。图，就是我们现在来到的图书馆。这座图书馆，已经百年历史了。现在藏书1046万册，是亚洲最大的大学图书馆。

“我们接着往前走。”

“看，这就是塔和湖。现在这里是一个风景优美的地方，我们一定要注意卫生。青大家慢慢欣赏。”

今天的游览到这里就结束了，希望大家多来玩!再见。

恭王府地处北京内城西北部，东近前海，北倚后海。早期自德胜门内积水潭(西海)水域东北角所引出的一条水渠，绕过恭王府的西墙转南墙外(俗称月牙河)，经三座桥流入什刹海(前海)。西、南临水，东、北近水，可谓四周皆水，环境幽美的风水宝地。到20世纪50年代初，该水渠被填平，形成柳荫街及前海西街。

恭王府最早建于乾隆四十一年，公元1776年，已有230多年的历史，是为大学士和珅所建的宅院。嘉庆四年和珅获罪，宅第没收。之后将宅第分为东西两部分，西部嘉庆皇帝赐给了弟弟庆亲王永璘，东部留给了十公主。咸丰元年(1851)咸丰帝将整座王府赐给恭亲王奕入住，至此得名恭王府，沿用至今。请大家记住园子的二位主要主人：大贪官和珅及恭亲王奕 。

恭王府南北长330米，东西宽180米。北京有几十座王府，不是被毁就是被挪做他用，以原来风貌保存下来对外开放的仅恭王府一座。作为满清皇族的古建园林，由府邸和花园两部分组成，总占地面积约六万多平米，其中府邸约3.2万平米,花园占地2.8万平方米。府邸内的建筑分东、中、西三路，由南自北都是以严格的中轴线贯穿着的多三进四合院落组成，布局分明;东路去朴尚华、中路庄严肃穆、西路古朴典雅，三路自成一体又和谐统一。在这些房屋中既有体现皇家气派和威严的建筑，又有来自民间精巧的建筑和装饰风格，构成了王府文化的最大特点。花园融江南园林与北方建筑格局为一体，汇西

洋建筑及中国古典园林建筑为一园。恭王府既是清代王府建筑的重要代表之一，也是中国传统建筑及造园技艺最成熟时期的重要表现。著名学者侯仁之先生称之为“一座恭王府，半部清代史”。

北京是中华人民共和国的首都、直辖市和国家中心城市，是中国的政治、文化中心，中国经济的决策和管理中心，是中华人民共和国中央人民政府和全国人民代表大会的办公所在地。北京位于华北平原的北部，背靠燕山，有永定河流经老城西南，毗邻天津市和河北省。北京下辖东城区、西城区、朝阳区、海淀区、丰台区、石景山区、门头沟区、房山区、大兴区、通州区、顺义区、昌平区、平谷区、怀柔区、密云区、延庆区。20xx年末，北京市常住人口2151.6万人。

北京是中国“八大古都”之一，拥有7项世界遗产，是世界上拥有文化遗产项目数最多的城市，是一座有着三千余年建城历史、八百六十余年建都史的历史文化名城，拥有众多历史名胜古迹和人文景观。20xx年12月9日，北京市获得20xx中国城市竞争力排行榜第四名。截至20xx年1月27日，全国31省区已全部公布20xx年经济数据，北京排名第十三。20xx年3月1日，北京在《中国城市创业指数》中排名第一。20xx年3月，《20xx年财富报告》发布，北京在全球房价最贵的城市中排名第10。

北京简称京，是中国的首都，全国的政治、文化中心和国际交往的枢纽，也是一座著名的历史文化名城，与西安、洛阳、开封、南京、杭州并列为中国六大古都。位于华北平原西北边缘，市中心位于北纬39度，东经116度，四周被河北省围着，东南和天津市相接。全市面积一万六千多平方公里，辖12区(东城区、西城区、崇文区、宣武区、朝阳区、海淀区、丰台区、石景山区、门头沟区、房山区、通州区、 顺义区)6县(大兴县、平谷县、昌平县、怀柔县、密云县、延庆县)，人口1100余万。北京为暖温带半湿润大陆性季风气候，夏季炎热多雨，冬季寒冷干燥，春、秋短促，年平均气温10～12摄氏度。

北京城市概况导游词

北京，作为我国的首都，汇集了众多著名的景点。比如故宫，长城，颐和园等。每年去北京旅游的游客也是数不胜数，下面是关于北京概况导游词欢迎词的内容，欢迎阅读!

介绍北京的导游词

北京是有着三千年历史的国家历史文化名城。北京在历史上曾为六朝都城，在从燕国起的20xx多年里，建造了许多宏伟壮丽的宫廷建筑，使北京成为中国拥有帝王宫殿、园林、庙坛和陵墓数量最多，内容最丰富的城市。其中北京故宫，明朝时叫大内宫城，清朝时叫紫禁城，这里原为明、清两代的皇宫，住过24个皇帝，建筑宏伟壮观，完美地体现了中国传统的古典风格和东方格调，是中国乃至全世界现存最大的宫殿，是中华民族宝贵的文化遗产。天坛以其布局合理、构筑精妙而扬名中外，是明、清两代皇帝“祭天”

四合院是以正房、倒座房、东西厢房围绕中间庭院形成平面布局的北方传统住宅的统称。北京四合院源于元代院落式民居，是老北京城最主要的民居建筑。一座座青瓦灰砖的四合院之间形成的窄巷，就是著名的老北京胡同。

北京的宗教寺庙遍布京城，现存著名的有：佛教的法源寺、潭柘寺、戒台寺、云居寺、八大处等。道教的白云观等。伊斯兰教的北京牛街礼拜寺等。藏传佛教(喇嘛教)的雍和宫等，天主教西什库天主堂、王府井天主堂等。基督教的缸瓦市教堂、崇文门教堂等。

北京中轴线是指元、明、清时的北京城的中轴线，北京的城市规划具有以宫城为中心左右对称的特点。北京的中轴线南起永定门，北至钟鼓楼，长约7.8公里。从南往北依次为，永定门，前门箭楼，正阳门，中华门，天安门， 端门，午门，紫禁城，神武门，景山，地安门，后门桥，鼓楼和钟楼。从这条中轴线的南端永定门起，就有天坛、先农坛;太庙、社稷坛;东华门、西华门;安定门，德胜门以中轴线为轴对称分布。中国著名建筑大师梁思成先生曾经说：“北京的独有的壮美秩序就由这条中轴线的建立而产生。”永定门、中华门、地安门都在中华人民共和国成立后被拆毁，而近年来又重新修建了永定门城楼。

北京原名北平，早在公元1271年，元朝就定都于此，几百年过去了，身为帝都的北京如今更加的繁华。

坐火车初次来来北京的人，都会觉得火车站很热闹，公交很便捷。据说北京的公交是我国城市公交车车长最长的，公交线路最多的，但因为堵车是时经常的事，所以在北京出行坐公交并不是最佳的选择。北京的地铁线贯通城市地下，多达十几条，还没有堵车的困扰，是绝大多数人首选的出行方式。

在北京，最不愁的就是玩。北京的景点很多，如天安门、长城、故宫、颐和园、香山、欢乐谷、动物园、雍和宫、恭王府、天坛、地坛、卢沟桥、中华世界坛、中央电视台新址，等等。初次来到北京，要想把这些景点都尽兴的游览一遍，估计需要一个月的时间。游览名胜古迹，在其他的城市门票可能是笔不小的花费，但在北京门票并不算贵，像八达岭门票旺季45元，动物园50元，学生半价;天安门、中华世纪坛等景点还是免费进入的。景点门票虽然收费不高，但寸土寸金的北京住宿却很贵。一般的小旅社价格要几十元一晚，稍微大一点的宾馆价格要一百多元，中等酒店宾馆的标准间价格要在二百到三百元左右。建议去北京游玩的人们，如果想多留几天最好结伴而行，事先租好短期租用的套房，这样可以省下不少钱。

请大家看我手指得方向就是雨儿胡同，这里曾住过我国一位画坛巨匠———国画大师齐白石。您进胡同不远，就能看到路北13号院门旁挂着“北京市美术家协会”的牌子。院子很宽敞，保护得很完好，院中央还摆着大鱼缸。这里没有重新粉刷，透出老宅门的原汁原味。这里原是清内务府一个总管大臣的私宅，因为建筑时私用了皇宫的料，建制又超越了等级，因而被参劾，宅子也被分成几部分出售，13号院只是一部分。解放后，文化部买下来，由齐白石老先生居住。但老先生住了没多久，就搬到西城跨车胡同，所以，现在齐白石的故居多指跨车胡同。

出雨儿胡同，沿着南锣鼓巷，继续往北走。路西就是帽儿胡同。如果说南锣鼓巷是北京街道中尊贵得王冠那么帽儿胡同就是这王冠上最闪亮得宝石。如果大家有什么质疑请跟随我一步步了解这璀璨得宝石。

路北7号至15号院，原是一组大建筑群，是清末大学士文煜的住宅和花园。五院并联，占地达11000平方米。宅院得主人是清满洲正蓝旗人，曾历任四川按察使、山东巡抚、直隶总督等要职，光绪__年拜武英殿大学士。他积累了大量的财富，精心修筑了自己的住宅和花园。花园落成于1861年，名“可园”，约占地4亩，虽然不很大，但疏朗有致，被认为是晚清北京私家园林中最有艺术价值的花园。

现已被列入国家级重点文物保护单位，但一直没有对外开放。如果大家想欣赏一下其“庐山真面目”，那么我将带大家参观千古一贪——和珅的恭王府花园。

再往西走，路北35号、37号院，是郭博勒氏的家。说郭博勒氏可能知道的人不多，但说到末代皇帝溥仪得正宫皇后婉容大家一定不会陌生吧!用清代的说法，应称为“后邸”。宣统大婚时，已是民国__年，但还是履行民国初年所颁布的优待清皇室条件，所以对这所“后邸”花了许多钱，大加修缮。婉容的父亲荣源，由于女儿“册后”，后父按礼制被封为“三等承恩公”，这所府邸又成为承恩公府，更要大加改建，以合乎府第规格。比如将原来一间的院门，改为三间的府门，内外影壁、左右屏门都重新修建。

来自世界各地的游客们，你们好!欢迎来到“世界遗产”之北京故宫，我是来自河北的袁导游，下面我就带大家去细细游赏一番吧。

中国明清两代的皇宫，又称紫禁城，地点位于北京城中心。开始建造与明永乐四年至十八年，也就是现在说的1420xx年至1420xx年，后来经过多个朝代的劳动人民细心修改，变成富丽堂皇，但仍保持着原来的布局和规模，是世界上保存的最完整、规模最大的古代木构架宫殿建筑群。

我们说完了北京故宫的历史，现在该说说外观和排列顺序了吧!

这座城设四个门，南门正中面是午门、北边是神武门、东为东华门、西为西华门，四门各建有重檐庑殿顶门楼。这座城的四个角都还布有一些结构精巧、外观秀丽的角楼。外面的墙有10米多高呢!还有护城河宽52米，够宽的吧!长3800米，整个建筑群按南北中间的中轴线为对称布局，层次分明，主次有序。

听完了一以上那些，你应该对北京故宫有些了解了吧!可能你还不知道吧，连皇帝的住所都是那么井井有条!

文化殿，武英殿是面阔九间的但檐歇山顶建筑。文化殿是皇帝听大臣讲书的地方，武英殿是皇帝吃饭、居住和召见大臣的地方。后三宫、东西六宫和乾清宫和坤宁宫通直御花园。坤宁宫和乾清宫是内廷的正殿、正寝，是皇帝、太后和皇后的正式居住场所，平均面积宽九间，为重檐庑殿顶。

前三殿是全宫最大的建筑群，占地面积有达8.5万平方米，是宫城的12%，后三宫则为前三殿的25%，期于宫殿依次递减，主要突出前三殿、后三宫的主要地位。1961年定位中国第一批全国重点文物保护单位，已被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。

怎么样，对我袁导游的介绍还满意吗?如果不满意，请多多指教，好让我步步高升啊!

女士们、先生们：

我叫王溦嘉，大家叫我小王就行了。今天有幸陪同大家一道参观，我感到很高兴。这里就是闻名世界的故宫博物馆，简称为故宫，就是昔日的皇家宫殿。

北京故宫位于北京市中心，是明清两代的皇宫，又称为紫禁城(历代宫殿都象象天立宫，以表示君权受命于天)。由于君为天子，天子的宫殿如同天帝居住的紫宫禁地，故名紫禁城。故宫始建于明永乐四年(1420xx年)，永乐十八年(1420xx年)建成。历经有清两个朝代24个皇帝。故宫规模宏大，西宽750米，南北长960米，占地72万平方米，建筑面积15万多平方米，有房屋9999间，是世界上最大最完整的古代宫殿建筑群。为了突出帝王至高无上的权威，故宫有一条贯穿宫城南北的中轴线，在这条中轴线上，按照前朝后寝的古制，布置着帝王发施令，象征政权中心的三大殿(太和殿、中和殿、保和殿)和帝后居住的后三宫(乾清宫、交仄殿、坤宁宫)。在其内廷部分(乾清门以北)，左右各形成一条以太上皇居住的宫殿宁春宫，和以太妃居住的宫殿慈寿宫为中心的次要轴线。出于防御的需要，这些宫殿建筑的处围筑有高达10米的宫墙，四周有角楼，外有护城河。

故宫御花园，原名宫后苑，今俗称御花园，占地一万二千平方米。以钦安殿为中心，园林建筑采用主次相辅，左右对称的格局，布局紧凑，古典富丽。殿东北的堆秀山，为太湖石叠砌而成，上筑御景亭，每年重阳节帝后在北登高。

1987年故宫被联合国教科文组织，评定为世界文化遗产，是建筑艺术的经典之作。

朋友们，因为时间仓促，这次对故宫的介绍就到此结束。下次有机会再带大家详细的参观。谢谢合作!

​