曹刿论战的原文和翻译【精品20篇】

内容：翻译(1)创建术语表

根据实习内容，本周主要以“创建术语表”为主。我在翻译资料的时候，有一个习惯就是新建一个word文档，把遇到的生词敲在上面，然后联网在“金山词霸”上面查词，或者用《牛津高阶第六版》进行查阅，并且不定期复习这些生词和例句。

现在我在翻译实习的时候，一般也是采用这种方式，记录的形式可能有所不同，但是收获是相同的。我想，一定要记到脑子里面，那才是实实在在的。

在翻译过程中，我发现术语都出现在人名、地名、组织名称、公司名称、电信公司等。让我记忆犹新的就是“AT&T”的翻译，因为这个词在生活中比较常见，是

AmericanTelephone&Telegraph的缩写形式，中文意思是“美国电话电报公司”。还有RupertMurdoch，起初这个词我并没有查，因为上学期在报刊学的课上老师讲过这个人，鲁伯特·默多克，我印象尤深。他出生于澳大利亚墨尔本以南30英里的一个农场，是美国新闻和媒体经营者，目前是新闻集团的主要股东，董事长兼行政总裁。以股票市值来计算，他的新闻集团已是世界上的跨国媒体集团。另外，我还记住了magnate这个词，“巨头，富豪，权贵，大资本家”之意。联想到magnificent(宏大的，庄严的，堂皇的;(衣服、装饰等)华丽的;极其动人的;(体型)优美的，健壮的;〔口语〕顶呱呱的)这个词就更容易记了。此外，我还查到了tycoon,baron,thetitan,pundit也有“巨头、大亨”之意。

甲方(翻译人)：___________________

住址：_____________________________

乙方(委托人)：___________________

住址：_____________________________

作品(资料)名称：_________________

原作者姓名：_______________________

甲乙双方就上述作品(资料)的翻译达成如下协议：

一、乙方委托甲方在合同的有效期内，将上述作品翻译成中文。

二、甲方授予乙方在______________地方，享有上述作品中文版本的专有使用权。

三、上述作品的内容、篇幅、体例、图表、附录等，在翻译时应符合下列要求：

1.译文符合原作本意;

2.行文通顺流畅，无生涩硬造词汇;

3.文字准确，没有错误。

四、甲方应于_______年_______月_______日前将上述作品的译稿誊清后交付乙方。甲方因故不能按时交稿的，应在交稿期限届满前_______日内通知乙方，双方另行约定交稿日期。甲方到期仍不能交稿，乙方可以解除合同。

五、乙方尊重甲方确定的署名方式。乙方不得更动上述作品的名称，不得对作品进行修改、删节、增加。乙方如果要正式出版上述作品，必须征得甲方的同意，同时还必须征得原作者的同意。

甲方交付的稿件应有翻译者的签章。

六、乙方向甲方支付报酬的方式和标准为：

基本稿酬：每千字_______元(按中文稿计算)。

奖励稿酬：经专家审定，译稿质量较好，可按每千字_______元付给奖励稿酬。

七、乙方在合同签字后_______日内，向甲方预付上述酬金的_______%(元)，其余部分在译稿交付后，于_______日内付清。

八、甲方交付的稿件未达到本合同第三条约定的要求，而且甲方拒绝按照合同的约定修改，乙方有权终止合同，并要求甲方返还预付酬金。

九、双方因合同的解释或履行发生争议，由双方协商解决。协商不成，由_____________________仲裁机构裁决。

十、合同的变更及其他未尽事宜，由双方另行商定。

十一、本合同自签字之日起生效。本合同一式两份，双方各执一份为凭。

甲方(签章)：____________

乙方(签章)：____________

合同签订地点：____________

合同签订时间：____________

Hello everyone。

Now let me talk about myself。

My name is _____。I was born in _____。There are _____people in my family， my father is a _____， my mother is a _______。And as everyone know，Im a student。Everyone has his own interests。As for me，I like reading books，playing basketball，listening to the music and so on。Now today we are in the same class，I hope we will get on well with each other。Thanks。

大家好。

此刻让我来介绍一下我自我

我的名字叫______。我出生在_______。我家有_______口人，我的爸爸是一个________，我的妈妈是_______。那么就如大家所知，我当然就是一个学生了。每一个人都有他自我的兴趣。至于我，我喜欢看书，打篮球，听音乐等等。这天我们相聚在同一个教室，我期望我们将会相处愉悦。多谢大家。

甲方:

乙方:

经甲乙双方友好协商，现就甲方委托给乙方完成的申报中文材料翻译成英文材料事项签订如下协议。

一、翻译稿件名称：材料。具体包括：

1、拟建考察报告(含建设发展规划及规划图册);

2、申报书;

3、申报自评报告;

4、风光片解说词。

二、工作时间：甲方于x年x月日前将需翻译的中文定稿材料交付乙方。乙方应于x年x月x日前将翻译好的英文成稿交付甲方。

三、交稿方式：乙方应向甲方提供英文成稿打印件及电子文本(文件格式：coredraw9.0排版)各一份。

四、协议总金额：协议全部工作任务总费用为xx元，大写人民币xx元整。甲方在签订协议之日起向乙方支付x万元，余款在乙方交付成稿并经甲方验收后一次性结清。

五、翻译质量：乙方保证翻译成稿质量，做到忠实原文、翻译准确、语句通顺、行文流畅，达到甲方提供给乙方的《综合报告》(英文版)的翻译水平。如双方对译文水平发生争议，由双方共同认可的第三方进行评判。

六、其它事项：乙方负责为甲方在申报国际评审会上作英文陈述，陈述费用不再另付。乙方在申报材料的英文翻译稿进行电脑排版时，需就排版格式等有关问题与甲方提供的印刷厂技术员进行联系沟通，以保证英文成稿的电子文本符合甲方印刷要求。

七、本协议自签订之日起具有法律效力，双方应共同遵守，否则由违约方赔偿对方由此造成的一切损失。

八、本协议未尽事宜，由双方友好协商解决。

九、本协议壹式肆份，甲乙双方各执贰份，具有同等法律效力。

甲方(签章)：乙方(签章)：

日期：日期：

翻译服务合同(口译)

甲方：

乙方：______翻译

甲乙双方经友好协商，就乙方为甲方提供 语口译服务达成协议如下：

1.期限

口译服务时间为 年  月 日 到  年 月 日，共 天。服务天数从乙方翻译人员与甲方人员见面的当天起（包含），到乙方翻译人员与甲方人员分手的当天为止（包含）。不足一天，也按一天计算。

2.服务地点及具体内容

3.口译费

每天人民币  元，共计人民币  元。

4.付款

签订本合同之后，乙方提供口译服务之前，甲方需向乙方预付人民币  元，余款完成口译任务后立即支付。

5.质量保证

乙方保证派遣人员符合口译要求，能为甲方提供圆满服务。

6.其它

本合同一式两份，甲乙双方各执一份。

甲方（盖章）：

代表签字：

乙方（盖章）：

代表签字：

日期：  年 月  日

一、 实习目的

为了更好的运用所学的英语和日语以及计算机的知识，适应工作岗位的需求，在实践中充分运用所学的知识，使自己的专业知识更具专业化。同时也培养我们适应社会的能力以及处理人际关系的能力。为以后自己更好的走上社会做好准备。

二、 实习时间

20xx年11月至20xx年6月

三、 实习地点

电机有限公司

四、 实习单位和部门

电机行政部门

实习单位基本情况：我公司是一家日本独资企业，位于美丽的xx市开发区工业园路号。公司总投资万美元，主要生产新型电子元器件(频率控制与选择元件、混合集成电路)、计算机辅助设计(三维CAD)系统制造、软件产品开发、生产，销售自产产品。公司于20xx年03月通过ISO 9001;20xx年05月通过ISO 14001 ，公司以先进的企业经营理念，持续改进品质和管理，满足客户需求作为企业发展的源动力，立足于国际市场。我们将以优质的产品和良好的服务追求与客户实现双赢、携手共创更加美好的未来。

福利设施：

1，设有员工餐厅/图书室室

2，恒温空调厂房

3，员工享有六项社会保险福利(养老、医疗、失业、生育、工伤保险、住房公积金)

4，全新宿舍提供，6人/一间，干净卫生，有单独的卫生间和厨房间

5，员工生日发放礼物

6，年终奖金发放

7，节日礼品发放(工会组织)

8，年终尾牙、年中旅游等活动

五、 实习内容

一、工作内容

1、接应聘者来电，给应聘者进行简单初始，通过者送往各部门经理处进行复试。

2、开试工单通知复试通过者试工，并做好登记;

3、协助做好新员工入职培训、阶段性培训等培训工作;

11、有时也负责为上级领导当英语翻译一起去接待我们的客户。

二、收获以及体会

一、收获:

一是加强思想学习，主动与上级领导沟通，努力提高思想水平思想是人的灵魂，是人的内在力，要想把实习任务完成好，首先要把思想调整好。领导十分重视大学生成长，为此特地为我们制定了“双导师实习制度”。双导师，顾名思义，就是两位导师，工人导师是教授生产技术的，而领导导师是在思想上引领大学生，为其排忧解疑，指引方向的。在此优势下，我主动与领导进行了沟通，在领导的尊尊教导下，我对实习有了更为深层次的理解，更明确了我的工作目标，在思想上使我对未来的工作有了新的认识，在行动上使我对未来人生有了新的规划。

二是注重联系实际，理论与实践相结合，努力提高实习质量。

在实习中我发现大学中所学的专业知识并不是完全都能运用到实践中，我所学的是英语和旅游知识，而我所在的公司却是一家电机公司看起来两者相差很大。而我所学的几乎运用不到但其实不然。我可以翻译我们公司所生产的产品，为外国客户介绍我们的产品。同时也可以接待我们的客户。在此期间我必须重新学习关于电机方面的英语。这也让我的英语在另个方面有了更大的提高。

三是热爱实习岗位，积极承担岗位职责，不断提升实习效率。

二、体会：

只有爱岗才能敬业，热爱实习岗位才能完成好实习岗位的工作。在实习过程中我努力培养自己对本岗位工作的热情，珍惜在岗位上的每一分钟，积极承担岗位上的责任以及义务，努力做到能够独立完成顶岗任务。对岗位做到懂、会、做。

在实习的那段时间，让我体会到了生活的艰辛和社会环境的压力。我自己也开始明白社会的残忍适者生存，不适者则被淘汰。虽然很累可是我却仍要坚持下去，因为我不想做个生活的失败者，我不想永远都躲在舒适的环境里却从不知道人间的冷暖。宝剑只有被磨砺过才会更加锋利。而我只有在社会中磨练才会更加坚强，更加成熟。走出学校踏上社会一开始让我觉得恐慌，面对形形色色的人我觉得无所适从。但是时间让我开始平静下来，而我也开始慢慢的适应了这种环境，让我开始觉得其实学校外的生活也是蛮有味道的。

六、实习总结

此次毕业实习，我学会了运用所学知识解决处理简单问题的方法与技巧，学会了与员工同事相处沟通的有效方法途径。积累了处理有关人际关系问题的经验方法。同时我体验到了社会工作的艰苦性，通过实习，让我在社会中磨练了下自己，也锻炼了下意志力，训练了自己的动手操作能力，提升了自己的实践技能。积累了社会工作的简单经验，为以后工作也打下了一点基础。

结束了本次的实习让我总有些舍不得，虽然说只是短短的六个月却让我受益匪浅。实习生活极大的开阔了我视野，让我学到了很多学校以外的知识，让我懂得了作为一个办公室文员的不易。我相信此次的实习将会是我人生一个重要的转折点。而我会在以后的生活中更加努力的提升我自己。

4、送文件至各级领导，签收文件;

5、整理及保管补卡条、请假条;整理员工档案，以备随时出档和归档;

6、复印、速印办公文件，发传真，领办公表格等;

7、协助办理新进人员入职手续，员工调职、离职手续

8、计算管理人员月考勤，并将考勤明细送至各部门核对签字

9、录入月罚款单与奖励单，录入员工养老保险资料

10、接待我公司最大的日本客户富士通，并在此期间担当翻译为客户介绍我们的公司的主要情况。

Dear Mr. madam:

I am writing this letter to introduce my high school classmate in Beijing. He is now working for tech company. He will be transferred to the branch of your city next month.

Because this is his first time to work abroad， he may face many problems， especially housing.He wants you to help him find a suitable apartment.You have lived there for more than ten years， and you must be very familiar with it.I would appreciate it if you could help him find accommodation.

Thank you for your attention to this letter and hope to receive your reply as soon as possible.I am very grateful for the trouble.

亲爱的夫人：

我写这封信是为了介绍我在北京的高中同学，他现在**科技公司工作，下个月他将被调到您所在城市的分部工作。

因为这是他第一次到国外工作，所以他可能会面临很多问题，尤其是住房问题。他希望您能帮他参谋并找到一个合适的公寓。您在那里已经生活了十多年，对那里一定非常熟悉。如果您能帮他找到住处，我将非常感谢。

谢谢您对本信给予的关注，希望能尽快收到您的回复。烦劳之处，万分感激。

回想自己大学这四年的经历，做过团支书，做过院学生会副主席，做过党支部书记，丰富的工作经历给予我一份精彩的体验和回忆。我从中得到的是成长，是进步，是成熟。记得自己在刚进大学时，觉得在这个天地很开阔，这个环境很新鲜，带着对未知事物的新奇，我希望一一经历所有以前未曾经历的东西，尝试着改变自己，做不一样的自己。怀着这样的心情，我积极得去做自己想做的事，军训期间的中秋晚会，第一次班委选举，学生会招新，社团招新，新生辩论赛，新生演讲赛，我都一一参加过，后来大一期间，在班级中担任团支书，担任院学生会记者团委员，也是凭着自己的热情和干劲，努力做着自己喜欢的事，一年里经历过心酸和失落，但更多的是收获了一种成熟的处理问题的方式和面对困难的勇气，学会如何先做人再做事，

这期间我很庆幸得到了自我提升与完善，比如能够勇敢不胆怯地在公开场合讲话，比如语言组织能力得以加强，比如学会如何与人相处，比如表达能力有一定提升……其实虽然自己各方面有所提升，但是我觉得最重要的是这些刻骨铭心的经历，会伴随我一辈子。

曾经有人问过我，这些工作对我来说，最重要的收获是什么，我想我得到的或许是自信，或者是锻炼，或许是友谊，再或许......的确，大学之前的自己，就连在很多人面前讲话，都会很紧张，而如今，我想不论面对多少人，我都可以做到从容自信，这算是自己一个很大的提升吧。说到锻炼，我从身边的很多人身上学到了太多东西，学会思考，学会表达，学会组织，学会号召。最重要的一点是，我学会了如何挑战自我，勇敢地做自己从前不敢做的事情，四年前的自己或许不敢想象，今天的我，能够站在这里，面对这么多的人，给大家做这样的报告。曾经我遇到过很多瓶颈，每一次在我觉得自己可能做不到，要打退堂鼓的时候，我都会告诉自己，一定要去尝试，过了这一次，以后就不会怕了。所以，就这样，我不断克服自己的弱点，总结自己的不足，一点一点在进步着。

在我看来，这些工作带给我最大的收获是一种心情，是面对工作油然而生的热情，责任与动力，这样的心情带给我满满的充实感，让我感受自己一点一滴的成长。

甲方：______________________

乙方：__________翻译*限公司

订立本协议旨在乙方为顾客提供规范、保密的翻译或本地化服务。双方本着平等互利的原则经友好协商，达成以下协议：

一、译文类型

甲方委托乙方翻译（资料名称）______________，共_______页，约______________字。

二、翻译时间

双方协定翻译稿件交付日期为_______年_______月_______日。

三、交稿形式

_____________________________________________________________。

四、资料保密

本协议所涉及的甲乙双方在合作过程中或通过其它任何渠道所获知的对方未向社会公开的技术情报和商业秘密均负有保密义务，未经对方书面许可，任何一方不得将其泄露给第三方，否则应承担相应违约责任并赔偿由此造成的损失。此项保密义务在协议终止后仍然有效。

五、知识产权

所有翻译资料的知识产权归甲方所有，乙方未经许可不得用于（包括报告全文、摘录、单项数据等）公开发布、转载、使用或其他用途，否则视为违约。

六、本协议有效期内基于业务运作需要，双方协商共同定制的其他相关制度和书面文件，其效力等同于本协议。

七、本协议未尽事项，经双方协商一致签订补充协议，补充协议与本协议具有同等效力。本协议一式两份，甲乙双方各执一份。本保密协议经签字盖章后生效。

甲方：（签章）_____________   乙方：（签章）_______翻译*限公司

法人代表：_________________   法人代表：_______________________

签约代表：_________________   签约代表：_______________________

地址：_____________________   地址：___________________________

E-mail：___________________   E-mail：_________________________

电话：_____________________   电话：___________________________

Everybody is good! Im the tour guide Zhao Hongjie, you must know the imperial palace in Beijing? Thats right! Beijing the imperial palace is famous in the world heritage, is the imperial palace during the Ming and qing dynasties, is the worlds largest and most complete existing ancient building group. Is known as the worlds top five palace. It is located in the centre of Beijing, the old city. Then let me take you to visit us...

From tiananmen square, through a piece of the blue brick flies in the floor of the square, then arrived at the main gate of the Forbidden City - the meridian gate. The Forbidden City has four door, front door of the meridian gate, east gate DongHuaMen, Simon xihua gate, north gate of creature. Meridian gate, commonly known as the five-phoenix towers across the meridian gate, and have wide big courtyard, in more than 30000 square meters of open courtyard, there are five delicate white marble Bridges to the gate. To the gate, into the palace of "the outer court," the palace of architecture on the basis of its layout and function is divided into "the outer court" and "imperial palace" two most. In the etheric and, neutralization, and three main halls as the center, is the place where emperors held at will, also known as the "power". Across the bridge through the gate is the grand hall of supreme harmony. The hall has a tortuous story, heard it burned with skyfire, three times also repaired three times, and even more amazing is the construction of the palace didnt a nail! Imperial palace to the palace of heavenly purity, tai temple, palace of earthly tranquility after three palace as the center, the two wings of yangxin temple, east, west sixth, and bypass the imperial palace, we finally arrived at the imperial garden, the garden planted full of plants. Along the way, will smell a burst of light fragrance. Is the feudal emperors and empresses live.

Into the Forbidden City, from tiananmen square, also can by the back door - creature door into the taihe palace, zhonghe palace and Baohe Palace, through the gate of heavenly purity, entered the imperial palace, imperial palace road, east and west road route. If it is a half day tour, the three routes can only swim a, can generally be walk road. Can see the palace of heavenly purity, walk road pay tai temple, palace of earthly tranquility, and the imperial concubines lived. In general, use a half-day tour of the Forbidden City, is more difficult, want to knowledge more widely, everybody admire to touring!

翻译服务是指一方通过另一方面提供文字或者语音以及视频等翻译服务，以便更好地达成某一目的或者合作。今天法律网小编就教您您如何签订翻译服务合同。(本合同只供参考，具体签订条目请寻求专业律师帮助)。

甲方：_________________________

乙方：_________________________

甲乙双方经友好协商，就乙方为甲方提供翻译服务达成协议如下：

1.标的_________________________________________________________

2.期限

乙方须在_______年_______月_______日前交付完成第1条规定的译稿。

3.译稿的交付形式

译稿可以磁盘、电子邮件、传真或打印形式交付。打印费为贰元/张，打印费为_______元。如需送稿，送稿费为_______元。

4.翻译费和排版设计费

以中文为基础确定翻译费。对于可用电脑确定字数的翻译，单价为每千字人民币_______元，总字数为_______，翻译费为_______，翻译费=单价x总字数/1000. 字数为word文件中，菜单“工具”的“字数统计” 的“字符数(不计空格)”所显示的数字。当原稿为复印件、传真件等，无法由计算机统计字数时，单价为 _______元/页， 原稿页数为_______，翻译费为_______元。翻译完成后，乙方根据本条款计算出翻译费。排版设计费为_______元。

5.总价

总价为翻译费、排版设计费、打印费和送稿费的合计，为______________元。

6.定金

为保证本合同的履行，在签订本合同的同时， 甲方须向乙方支付定金______________元。翻译完成后，定金作为总价的一部分，折抵总价款。

7.付款

当甲方支付第5条规定的总价款后，乙方即交付译稿。

8.质量保证

乙方保证译文通顺、准确，并努力做到文字优美。交付译稿后，乙方有责任继续跟踪译文的质量，并向甲方免费提供有关咨询。

9.保密条款

乙方承诺，除乙方工作人员因翻译需要接触甲方文件外，不向任何第三方泄露甲方文件的内容。否则，甲方有权追究乙方因泄密而导致的法律责任。

10.文本份数

本合同一式两份，双方各执一份，具有同等法律效力。

11.其它

_______________________________________________________________

甲方：____________________

代表签字：________________

盖章：____________________

日期：____________________

乙方：____________________

代表签字：________________

盖章：____________________

日期：____________________

Teachers，good afternoon. Allow me to briefly talk about myself. My name is - Xianning graduated from the south gate of the private secondary schools. Tourism now studying at the school in Hubei Province.

Studying hotel management professional. I was a character，cheerful girl，so my hobbies is extensive. Sporty. In my spare time likes playing basketball， table tennis，volleyball，skating. When a person like the Internet at home，or a personal stereo. Not like too long immersed in the world of books，and family members have told me，Laoyijiege is the best. Talking about my family，then I will talk about my family has.

Only three people my family ， my grandmother ， grandfather and my own. My grandfather is a engineer，I am very severely on peacetime，the Church me a lot. Grandma is a very kindly for the elderly，care for my life in every possible way.

Therefore，I have no parents in their care，childhood and growth were full of joy. I like this hotel management professional，because I like to live in a strict order of the management environment.

I have my professional self-confidence and hope，as long as the efforts will be fruitful，this is my motto. Since I chose this profession，I will follow this path，effort，perseverance path. Thank you teachers. I finished presentation.

各位老师，下午好。请允许我简单介绍一下我自己。 我的名字叫——毕业于咸宁南门私立中学。 现就读于湖北省旅游学校。 学习饭店管理专业。

我是一个性格开朗的女孩子，所以我的兴趣爱好很广泛。热爱运动。在我闲暇的时候喜 欢打篮球，乒乓球，排球，溜冰。一个人在家的时候喜欢上网，或者听歌。不太喜欢太长时 间的沉浸在书的世界里，家人曾经告诉过我，劳逸结合是最好的。说到我的家人，那我就要 说说我的家庭了。

我家里只有三口人，我的奶奶，爷爷和我自己。我爷爷是个工程师，他平 时对我很严厉，教会我很多东西。奶奶是个很慈祥的老人，对我的生活照顾得无微不至。

所以没有父母的我在他们的照顾下，童年和成长都充满了快乐。 我喜欢酒店管理这个专业， 是因为我喜欢生活在一个有严格管理秩序的环境里。

我对我 的专业充满自信和希望， 只要努力， 就会有收获， 这是我的座右铭。 既然我选择了这个专业， 就会沿着我这条路，努力的，坚持不懈的走下去。 谢谢各位老师。我的介绍完毕。

There is a little girl, a little mouth, the eyes like cherry, long eyebrows, and guess who is that? Yes, I -- -- -- Wu Wenre, a good little girl.

I have a position in class is also a man - captains. I do little affectations who is special pipe class, a someone do little tricks, I have to hold at the meeting that a few "mice".

Once in class, there are a few was seen by me "little mouse" doing little tricks, I cough at first, but that a few little mouse didnt hear, I didnt also the way.

For a while, keeps ringing, the class that a few naughty little mouse ran out of the classroom immediately, I will follow up.

Teachers in school is not allowed to play with toy, I saw the "mouse" playing mini car, I went up to receive his small car, to the teacher. Im glad! Help teachers get rid of a "mouse".

This is me!!!!!!!

有一个小女孩，小小的嘴巴，樱桃般的眼睛，细又长的眉毛，猜猜那是谁?没错，就是我---吴文若，一个优秀的小女孩。

我在班级也是一个有地位的人——大队长。我是专门管上课做小动作的人，一有人做小动作，我便会上去管住那几只“小老鼠”。

有一次在上课的时候，有几只“小老鼠”被我看见了在做小动作，我便先咳嗽一声，可那几只‘小老鼠’没听见，我也没办法。

一会儿，丁零零下课声响了，那几只淘气的小老鼠立马跑出了教室，我便跟了上去。

老师是不允许在学校玩玩具的，我看见那“小老鼠”在玩迷你小赛车，我走了上去收了他的小赛车，给了老师。真高兴啊!帮老师摆脱了一是“小老鼠”。

这就是我!

服务方(甲方)：___________________

地 址：____________________________

邮 编：____________________________

电 话：____________________________

传 真：____________________________

e-mail：___________________________

开户银行：_________________________

帐 号：____________________________ 委托方(乙方)：___________________

地 址：____________________________

邮 编：____________________________

电 话：____________________________

传 真：____________________________

甲乙双方根据《中华人民共和国合同法》等法律法规，在平等互利的原则下，经协商一致，订立本合同，以兹双方共同遵照执行。

第一条 病毒名称

甲方接受乙方的委托，为其载体构建、重组、扩增和纯化_________腺病毒，腺病毒滴度_________pfu/ml。

第二条 费用及价格(人民币)

1.病毒的载体构建、重组、扩增和纯化所需的原料由甲方自行购买;

2.合同总价_________元，(大写)_________。

第三条 乙方责任

1.乙方所购买的甲方腺病毒产品及其一切复制品、衍生产品将只供乙方或乙方所能控制的实验组中进行实验研究，在任何情况下决不用于人类，决不用于以谋利(直接或间接)为目的的生物制药以及临床分析等方面。

2.未征得甲方授权或同意，乙方不能以任何名义将购买的腺病毒产品及其一切复制品、衍生产品转移、出售或租借给他人使用。

3.保证乙方应用甲方腺病毒产品及其一切复制品、衍生产品进行的研究符合现行的法律法规，不得应用甲方腺病毒产品进行有损于人类安全或其它非法目的的研究。

4.所有在研究过程中经本产品及其一切复制、衍生产品处理过之动物、植物、蛋类以及乳制品等均应妥善处理，决不可食用或出售。

5.乙方及乙方的课题组在发表文章中注明该重组腺病毒购自甲方，并将已发表文章复印一份给甲方。

6.甲方的腺病毒产品是由人5型腺病毒改造而来，在特殊情况下仍可能具有一定的致病性，乙方必须遵守国家安全使用腺病毒原则。任何违反该原则而引起的实验人员或其他人员的健康问题，甲方概不承担法律责任。

7.若乙方不再应用本产品须将其销毁或返还甲方。

8.乙方承诺在使用本产品的过程中不会做出任何有损于甲方的言论或行为。

9.乙方对其提供技术服务的病毒不得转卖、转送及商业化用途。

10.乙方在收到甲方提供的腺病毒制品后，应立即将其分成小份装于无菌的病毒冻存管中并低温保存于-20℃，避免反复冻融而导致病毒滴度下降。由于使用不当引起的质量问题由乙方承担。

第四条 甲方责任

1.甲方所提供之腺病毒产品需经过严格的质量控制，其所携带的基因经过测序确证无误。

2.甲方的腺病毒产品通过快递公司送达乙方。

3.如果乙方对产品质量有任何异议，请在货到后一周内及时与甲方联系，甲方将复核产品的质量状况，并给予乙方满意的答复。

第五条 甲方应在_________年_________月_________日前完成技术服务工作，并向乙方提交下列成果及其报告：

1.成果：重组腺病毒，分别为_________。

英语专业翻译方向论文开题报告

how to deal with ellipsis in english-chinese translation

i. purpose and significance

with the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. however, the differences between english and chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.

it is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in english-chinese rendition. translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.

according to the oxford advanced learner’s english-chinese dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. what could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.

some words and phrases are useless in chinese but necessary in english. articles in english are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. they are very important in english, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in chinese. ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic chinese. the paper will explore ellipsis in english-chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among china and english-speaking countries.

ii. literature review

long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. in china, xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the sanskrit sutras into chinese, but introduced the first chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand china’s ancient culture. meanwhile, he was the first to translate lao tses works into sanskrit. indian scholars had a high opinion of xuanzang, "in china, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that xuanzang is the first great translator."(ye lang, ) we can say that it was xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. then, some big countries such as america, china, and so on became a melting pot.(gu zhengkun, ) people have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.

with china’s entry into wto and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. a lot of foreign tourists come to visit china. while traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. sometimes, they even feel confused. a lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. all of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (ma zuyi, ). i am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. the love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. but every time when i have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.

communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. in order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. of course, translation is one of them. all translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(gu jinming, 1997) from my perspective, they really have done a great job. and i want to retrospect the cause of their development. after a thorough evaluation, i choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from english to chinese, then i did the following jobs.

i put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then i found that it is a common case in english and chinese which draws much academic interest. in 1976, halliday and hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. this classification exerts great influence in academic circle. thereafter, ellipsis in chinese and english has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. this kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in chinese and english.

another famous theory to explain ellipsis is economy principle. economy principle was put forward by chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his generate crammer. it maintains that language and linguistic study follow economy principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. this principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.

in this thesis, i think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. and in both english and chinese, people advocate brevity. shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). however, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(hua xianfa,)these functions distribute in both english and chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both english to chinese and chinese to english translation.

i found that when chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in english to chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. they consider that it is a common phenomenon that chinese always leave out personal articles. while it is obviously different in english that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. that is because when we translate from english to chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. however, it never happens in english. from this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into chinese.

in my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. however, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in china, and we have less influential chinese translators in the world. therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.

iii. feasibility analysis

this academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:

1.i have great interests in the way of english-chinese translation.

2.i have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .

3.i have collected enough references both chinese and western on ellipsis in

translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.

4.i have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.

5.i have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate english competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise english.

6.my instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject i havechosen.

iv. problems of the research and solutions

1. problems

despite the references i have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in english-chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. what’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in xinjiang, i will have to make full use of my present resources. also, this is the first time i have ever written such a serious academic paper. i am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.

2. solutions

(1) i shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the internet as well.

(2) i shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that i have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.

(3) when i have difficulties in the writing process, i shall consult my instructor and seek for help.

v. necessary conditions

1. our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.

2. the internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the internet.

3. i have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.

vi. outline

i. introduction

a. a brief introduction of ellipsis in translation

b. what should we pay attention to when dealing with ellipsis

c. the reason why ellipsis is so widely used in translation

1. chinese expressions are much briefer than that of english

2. english grammar is wee-knit and complete in sentence structure

ii. the principles of ellipsis

a. omitted words must be useless and unnecessary in the translated works

b. the meaning of the omitted words is implied in the test

c. omitted words which are self-evident

ш. the functions and applications of ellipsis

a. the coherence of the meaning of expression

b. the coincidence of the manner of expression

1. ellipsis of articles

a. ellipsis of definite articles

b. ellipsis of indefinite articles

2. ellipsis of prepositions

3. ellipsis of pronouns

a. ellipsis of personal and impersonal pronouns

b. ellipsis of indefinite pronouns

c. ellipsis of relative pronouns

4. ellipsis of conjunctions

a. ellipsis of coordinating conjunctions

b. ellipsis of subordinate conjunctions

5. ellipsis of rhetoric

a. ellipsis of repeated words

b. ellipsis of synonyms

一、实习目的

全面地将所学的各项 英语知识结合起来并在翻译实践中进一步运用翻译技巧来提高翻译水平，巩固专业知识的基础上努力扩大自己的知识面这样才有助于我们成为全面发展的人才在未来的工作领域中一展风采。另外此次实习经历也让我们学到了许多为人处世的道理并对自己的人生道路有了更明确的规划。

二、实习基本情况

从大三开始我们开了翻译课第一学期的英译汉以及本学期的是汉译英，经过了整整两个学期的英语翻译，我觉得自己在翻译方面能力有所提高。将近一个月的翻译实践课程即将结束，指导老师精心的为我们挑选了具有代表性的翻译资 料，资料内容丰富涉及经济、科研、实事新闻、历史、医学、心理等各个方面方面以及保护等方面。

在实习起步阶段,我们先是由魏老师指导向我们进行本次实习的内容、安排以及意义并将我们分组。要求了每周的具体工作以及我们第一周要进行的翻译材料，汉译英材料是《唐朝皇后棺椁被追回》，英译汉是《Extra Weight in Early Childhood Foretells Later Disease Risk》，并要求我们将《唐朝皇后棺椁被追回》做成课件，详细的列出翻译过程中所遇到困难以及感受。第二周的翻译材料是《设备维修中心》和《Exhaustion Syndrome Leaves Measurable Changes in the Brain》

万事开头难，翻译实习的开始是比较头疼的，在正式动笔对《唐朝皇后棺椁被追回》进行翻译之前我们不得不复习之前所学过的翻译理论知识点了解在翻译过程中所应该注意的各种事项。文章中出现的一些术语和一些晦涩难懂词让我们四人为此而抓耳挠腮。所以开始的时候，总是感觉翻译的有些别扭。在周四的PPT汇报过程中，魏老师认真的给我们讲解了各种困难。

第二阶段的实习是由张云老师指导我们对菜谱进翻进行了系统的学习以及学校组织的西科杯翻译大赛。主要翻译内容是《Why Economics Can’t Explain Our Cultural Divide》，中餐菜名译法举例以及班级合作的菜谱书翻译;最后一周的翻译材料是《平凡的人生》节选及《The Girl with the Apple》节选。

在第三阶段，我们认真对翻译实践进行了总结并以书面形式上交知道老师。

三、实习感受

过这次的翻译实习主要让我领会到了两点一是融会贯通的重要性;二是合作的重要性。 首先翻译是一种语言活动有是该活动的结果它是融理论、技能、艺术于一体的语言实践活动。通过翻阅大量资料我更加透彻的掌握了一些翻译的相关知识。1.翻译的本质可以用一句话来概括“在透彻地理解原文意思的基础上用标准的汉语表述出来。2. 翻译质量有两个基本标准第一个标准是忠实于原文，这也就是我们所说的“信”。第二个标准是符合中文的表达习惯，也就是所谓的“达”句子要通顺 流畅不能生造词语和句子也就是所谓的文笔。3. 翻译界通用的质量标准是“信、达、雅”。4. 直译和意译的辨证关系。

在这次实践中我自身也得到了很大的提高。1.团队精神。在四次讨论中我们每个人都做认真的翻译，然后一起研究，讨论，最后做出决定。这种经历对我们日后工作或者学术研究都有很大帮助。2. 查阅搜索资料的能力。前面提到很多文本需要专业知识背景和专业词汇表达。因此我们在翻译中要通过网络、图书来查阅大量资料。我们的收获不在于我们学会了

查资料而是我们能够更快地在大量资源中找到自己所需的东西。我想今后的工作中也会有很多类似的情况在大量的多余信息里找有用的资源。

四. 实习反思

1. 这个过程暴漏了单词量不够 ，这点对我来说影响很大， 比如经常会遇到一些单词 ，感觉见过但有不知道具体是什么意思只有浪费了很多时间。通过这次实践在以 后顶顶会注意多积累增加单词记忆量。 2. 对句子的分析能力不足,包括具子成分以及语法的欠缺导致了在翻译中的困难并且犯错。英语句子成分只是英语语法中的一小部分,而且平时的考试也不会考, 以前并没有注意到这一点。3. 我在速度方面的不足。在这儿我主要谈的是打印时的翻译速度因为看电子版本，首先是费眼睛时间长了眼睛会很花，所以会感到比较的疲劳总是不能坚持下去。其次，是我本身对电脑键盘的熟练程度还不够经常会打错字。不过在以后的学习 和工作中我会不断提高自己在这方面的能力把自己的翻译速度尽最大努力提上来。

五. 实习总结

这次的翻译实习对我来说是次绝佳的挑战。经过这次的学习后我发现自己的心静了很多，所以，什么都是一步一步来的，习惯和心态也是慢慢培养训练出来的。认真和努力了这就已经足够了。在以后的学习和工作中，我要有一个良好的心态，不刻意追求事情的完美 一直加油努力就好。 不管最后的结果怎样 我都会坦然去面对。 最后对魏老师和张老师对我的帮助以及指导我要深表感谢。总之一句话这次翻译让我收益匪浅，一定会对以后的道路会有所帮助。

Respected tourists:

It seems that everyone is very energetic. Today we are going to visit theGreat Wall. Please be prepared. The Great Wall is the longest building in China.It is also the most famous building in China. Its length reaches more than 13000Li. We often call it the Great Wall.

First of all, we came to the foot of the Great Wall. You see, the the GreatWall is so tall and strong that it uses huge stones and brick. The top of thecity wall is paved with square tiles. It is very smooth. Like a wide road, fiveor six horses can be parallel.

Do you see a hole in the tooth, a small square, and a fortress? Let me tellyou what the three things are for? That hole like a tooth! Its called a look. Ithink you must know why it calls it? Ill tell you, when the war was, the eightuncle came to see the situation, that small square. The shape is called anarchery. It is used for archery. That fort is used for city platforms to echoeach other.

Everyone is tired, is it hungry? Can I eat a bit of food, I send you a bagfor garbage, remember not to throw rubbish, Ill tell you a story about theGreat Wall: Qin Shihuang fought a lot before, and then he thought of buildingthe Great Wall, so he took all the men of Qin State To catch the the Great Wall,Qin Shihuang was afraid that the men would run away, so he tied the feet of themen together. How many laboring peoples sweat and wisdom is the only way toform the the Great Wall that has never seen before or after.

My name is HuaYe, 11 years old this year, in huatai read primary school grade four. I am a happy little girl.

On one occasion, my sister birthday to her classmates home, back to home, I asked my sister: "what did you go to the classmates house to eat today?" "KFC!" My sister said. "KFC?" I curiously ask, dialect is rolling noodles. I with excitement, with the curiosity to ask again: "what? No way! You eat pasta noodles today?" "No! Is... is... KFC, not rolling noodles!" My sister said with a smile. I said: "I am not right? Why say I am wrong, is really of!" Then, his sister, your ear to me loudly shout: "is KFC! Not rolling noodles! Hear no?" I listened to smiled and said, "hear!"

Look! This is a naive romantic girl.

我叫华晔，今年11岁了，在华泰小学读四年级。我是一个让人开心的小女孩。

有一次，妹妹去她同学家过生日，回到家后，我问妹妹：“你今天去同学家吃了什么东西?”“肯德基!”妹妹说。“肯德基?”我奇怪地问，方言就是说擀面条。我带着兴奋，又带着好奇心问：“什么?不会吧!你今天吃擀面条?”“不是啦!是…是…肯德基，不是擀面条!”妹妹笑着说。我说：“我不是说得对的吗?干嘛说我错了，真是的!”然后，妹妹听了，大声地朝我耳朵旁喊：“是肯德基!不是擀面条啦!听见了没有啊?”我听了笑了笑，说：“听见了!”

瞧!这就是一个天真浪漫的小女孩。

Dear David，

亲爱的大卫，

I’m writing this letter to express my sincerely appologies to you for losing the book you lent to me. I’m very appreciated you lent it to me. In order to give it back to you as soon as possible, I took it to the library yesterday. I also borrow some other books in the library before I left. Unluckily, when I arrived at my dormitory, I couldn’t find your book. I searched all my dormitory and the road from the dormitory to the library. The next day I also looked for the library. However, I couldn’t find your book. I’m sorry I can’t give back to you on time as I promised before. But I will buy a new one for you later.Hope you can accept my appologies.

我写这封信是为了表达我对弄丢了你借给我的书的真诚的歉意。我很感激你把书借给我。为了能够尽快把书还给你，我昨天把它带到图书馆去看了。在我离开图书馆之前我也借了几本图书馆的书。很不幸的是，我回到宿舍后发现你的书不见了。我把宿舍，宿舍到图书馆的路都找遍了。 第二天我也去图书馆找了。可是，我就死找不到你的书。我很抱歉不能遵守之前的承诺按时把书还给你。但是我后面会帮你买一本新的。希望你能接受我的道歉。

Yours Sincerely,

Li Lei

李磊

甲方： 乙方：

关于乙方接受甲方委托，进行资料翻译事宜，经甲乙双方同意，签订以下翻译合同。

1. 稿件说明:

文稿名称：

翻译类型为：英译中/中译英

总翻译费为：

交稿时间：

2. 字数计算：

无论是外文翻译成中文。还是中文译成外文，都以汉字字数计价，按电脑工具栏字数统计的"字符数(不计空格)"为准。小件翻译:不足1000字按1000字计算.

3. 笔译价格(单位：RMB/千字)

中译英___元 英译中___元

4. 付款方式

签订合同之日甲方支付总翻译费的50%即人民币_____元，甲方接收译稿后3日内支付全部翻译费余款。

5. 翻译质量：

乙方翻译稿件需准确，通顺，简洁得体。一旦出现质量问题，乙方有义务无偿为甲方修改一到两次。力求满足甲方要求。如果因质量问题发生冲突，应该提请双方认可的第三方评判，或直接申请仲裁

6. 原稿修改与补充：

如甲方原稿修改，而需乙方对译文作相应修改，根据修改程度酌量收取改稿费，或在收取原稿翻译费后，对修改稿按单价重新计费。如补充翻译，则另行收费。中止翻译：如甲方在乙方翻译过程中，要求中止翻译，甲方须根据乙方的翻译进度，按乙方已经翻译的字数，以协定的单价计算翻译费给乙方

7. 交稿方式:

乙方可根据具体需要，采取以下交稿方式中的任一种来交稿：打印稿、电脑软盘、传真、电子邮件。

8. 版权问题：

乙方对于甲方委托文件内容的版权问题不负责，由甲方负全责. 保密性:乙方以翻译为业，遵守翻译职业道德，对其译文的保密性负责。

本合同一式二份，双方各执一份，授权人签字，盖章生效。传真件有效。

甲方：(签章) 乙方：(签章)

Hello everybody。 My name is Stone。 I e from Guangdong province in China。;

嗨，大家好。 我的名字叫石头，我来自 中国广东。

I am very happy to e here to study with you。;我很高兴来那里和你们一 起念书。

When I arrived at this school three days ago， I fell in love with it。;

当我三天前来到这个 学校时，我就喜欢上它了

It is so beautiful and exciting here， and everyone is kind to me especially Kim。;

那里是那么美丽，那么振 奋人心，那里的每个人都 对我很亲切，

个性是Kim 老师。

This class feels just like one big family to me。;

而这个班群众对我来说就 像一个大家庭。

Im interested in sports， music and mountain climbing。;

我对运动、音乐和爬 山很有兴趣。

I hope I can bee your friend soon。 Thank you very much。;

最后，我期望我能很 快成为你们的朋友，多谢。