博物馆导游词英语(优秀20篇)

Dear tourists, my name is Chen Yinbai. Please call me guide Chen. You arenow in Xishuangbanna. Do you want to know where Xishuangbanna is? Its in thesouthwest of our country. In this beautiful and rich land, there are 14 ethnicgroups such as Dai, Hani and Han.

Tourists, we are now in the plant kingdom of Xishuangbanna. There areskygazing trees and arrow poison trees. Im here to remind you: dont get closeto arrow poison trees, or your life will be in danger. There are also 1700 yearold tea trees, dancing grass and water cane in the path. Its raining, and youdont have to worry. Because there is a kind of "natural umbrella". Cut off apiece of plant called "Hai Yu Ye" to avoid heavy rain.

Tourists, we are now in the animal kingdom of Xishuangbanna. At this point,the gibbon and the black civet may be looking at you. At this time, theleisurely elephants are swinging their noses in the jungle for a walk and play.At this time, the Green Peacock is unfolding its colorful feathers to dance foryou, the vultures are hovering in the air, the tigers and leopards are hauntingin the depths of confusion

When we walk into the village of Xishuangbanna, you will see manyinteresting buildings: bamboo buildings, bamboo pavilions, spire pagodas Men,women and children in all kinds of ethnic clothes are talking and laughinghappily. They are the most beautiful scenery in this land

There are many beautiful sceneries in Xishuangbanna. Next time, I will leadyou to Xishuangbanna again.

游客朋友们，大家好!欢迎大家来到我们莲花佛国――九华山旅游!下面呢我先向大家介绍一下我们九华山的大概。我们九华山位于安徽省池州市，是我们安徽省”两山一湖”黄金旅游区的主要景区。这里景色秀丽，古刹林立，与四川的峨眉山，山西的五台山，浙江的普陀山并称为我国的四大佛教名山。

我们的九华山呢其实原来并不叫九华山。在唐朝的时候叫九子山，因为九华山山峰秀丽，高出云层的山峰有九座，因此叫做九子山。天宝年间，诗仙李白曾两次到过此地，先后写下”妙有分二气，灵山开九华”，天河挂绿水，秀出九芙蓉”等千古佳句，九华山之名因此而得并且一直用到了今天。

九华山宗教活动历史悠久，道教最先在九华山发展，佛教更加兴盛。在唐朝开元年间，新罗国王子金乔觉航海东来，遍访名山，最后选在了我们的九华山修行。夜间露宿在山上的山洞里。渴了就喝山上的山泉水，饿了就吃山上的野生植物，黄精。最后在他99岁的时候圆寂。佛教界认为他生前苦行，圆寂后与佛经里所记载的地藏菩萨相合，尊为地藏菩萨应化，因他在未出家的时候姓金，所以大家都称为金地藏。九华山也就自此被辟为地藏菩萨的道场。唐代后，九华山佛教声明渐著，经过历朝历代的修葺，到清代全山寺院已经有150多座了。祗圆寺，东崖寺，百岁宫，甘露寺四大丛林，香火之盛甲天下。改革开放以后，古老的佛山旧貌重辉。现有寺院90多座，僧侣600多人。是一个特色鲜明和有重要影响的佛教圣地。

下面我们进入的是九华街景区，首先就看到一座石门坊是大理石雕刻而成，高9米，是仿清的徽派建筑。横额上镌刻着康熙皇帝御书的“九华圣境”四个大字。中门两柱南北下方雕有石狮。门坊端庄典雅。过了门坊呢下面大家看到的就是迎仙桥了，这座桥是修建于乾隆年间，是一座单孔石拱桥，在这里呢大家随我一起踏上这座古桥我们一起步入仙境之中!

朋友们看，过了桥正面就是祗园寺的大殿。祗园寺是国家重点寺院，规模是九华山四大丛林里最大的了。也是唯一的一座丛林寺院，由山门，天王殿，大雄宝殿，客堂，讲堂和藏经楼等十余座单体建筑组成，是典型的组合式建筑。它的山门偏离了大殿中轴线，大家知道这是为什么吗?因为啊歪置山门是颇有讲究的，一来呢是为了辟邪，二来是门向朝着开山祖寺化城寺。大雄宝殿琉璃碧瓦，飞檐翘角，地位十分突出。好了，现在我们游览下一个景点。

今天我要带大家参观的是国家级现代大型陕西历史博物馆。

陕西历史位于小寨东路大雁塔西北1公里处，是一组雄伟壮观的仿唐建筑群，占地约7万平方米，建筑面积为5万多平方米。它汇集了陕西文化精华，展现了中华文明的发展过程，鉴于陕西在中国历史上的地位，国家共投资1.44亿元人民币，兴建了陕西历史博物馆，于1991年6月建成开放。 博物馆建筑古朴典雅，别具特色。珍藏出土文物精品11.3万件，展室面积达1100平方米。

陕西历史博物馆主要展示陕西出土的历史文物，分史前、周、秦、汉、魏晋南北朝、隋唐、宋元明清7大部分，形象地展现出115万年以前至公元1840年陕西历史。在中国历史上，曾经有11个朝代在陕西建都，历时1000多年，是我国建都王朝最多，建都时间最长的地区，因此，从某种角度来说，陕西古代史是中国历史的浓缩。

特点：陕西省博物馆融中国古代宫殿与庭院建筑风格于一体，典雅凝重，古朴大方，布局协调，气势宏伟，体现了民族风格和地方特色，馆内设有中央空调、多功能照明系统，采用计算机管理系统和中央控制系统。设有现代化文物库房和具备多种语言同声传译功能的报告厅。

镶金玉镯

陕西历史博物馆建筑造型继承唐代博大雄浑、典雅凝重的风 格，借鉴我国传统宫殿“轴线对称，主从有序，中央殿堂, 四隅 崇楼”的布局形式，同时运用现代先进技术，把我国盛唐时期古 典建筑风格与现代博物馆功能要求有机地结合为一体，既保持了 古老风貌，又有现代化的特点。屋顶采用唐代盛行的灰绿色琉璃 瓦，显得华贵庄重，古朴大方，墙面材料为仿石棉砖，门窗则采 用大块茶色玻璃和铝合金框架，馆内配备可控制温湿度的全封闭 中央空调系统，多功能的照明系统，自动防火防盗系统，计算机 控制管理系统;设有文物保护科技中心，具有先进的化验、测试 技术和文物保护修复手段。为加强中外文化交流，建有电脑控制 并拥有30万册藏书的图书馆和6国语言同声传译的国际学术报 告厅。此外，还有设施完善的文物库、资料室、购物中心等。

珍藏：馆内珍藏了陕西出土文物精品37万件，游客可欣赏到史前、周、秦、汉、魏、晋、南北朝、隋、唐、宋、元、明、清自115万年前到公元1840年间的陕西历史文物。

结构：展室总面积达11000平方米，分基本陈列、专题陈列和临时陈列三大部分，其中陕西古代史陈列、陕西青铜器珍品展、陕西历代陶佣精华展和唐墓壁画真品展最具吸引力。

进入博物馆大厅，迎面巨幅照片向人们展现出奔腾咆哮的黄 河和绵亘无垠的黄土高原。这是孕育诞生陕西历史文化的地理环 境。陕西的历史是黄土地文明的历史。昂首屹立在大厅中央的巨 狮是这种文明的标志。它造型雄伟，气势澎湃，石刻之精美，气 魄之弘大，堪称“东方第一狮”。这头石狮来自中国历史上唯一的 女皇帝武则天母亲杨氏的顺陵。中国古代的狮子及狮子雕刻艺术 由阿富汗传入，中亚的浪漫奇特与东亚的深沉浑厚在这里如此完 美地融合为一体，集中体现了陕西历史文化的基调。 近1500米的展线由基本陈列、专题陈列和临时陈列三部分组成。 首先，我们先来看下陕西古代史的第一部分是史前史，从距今约115万年至公元前21世纪。1964年在陕西省蓝田县发现头骨化石是目前亚洲北部最早的直立人。新石器时代区别于旧石器时代的标志有3个：一是出现磨制石器;二是发明陶器;三是开始定居并出现了原始农业。仰韶文化距今7000至5020xx年，处于仰韶文化社会的半坡人生产力已大大提高。从半坡出土的陶埙，是我过迄今发现最早的吹奏乐器，引起了国际音乐界极大兴趣。

这里是周朝，公元前771年—公元前220xx年，包括从公元前21世纪在陕西形成的周族到周方国、西周王朝3个历史发展阶段。这件是牛的肩胛骨，是用来占卜，事后在卜骨记录下结果。这些占卜记录便是最早形成—甲骨文。西周是我国青铜时代繁荣兴盛的顶峰。青铜器也是是奴婢社会的礼制，即权力与等级的象征。这些是鼎，是古代的一种炊具，用来煮肉类。铜鼎是由原始社会的陶鼎演变而来的。在夏、商、周三代，铜鼎作为礼器，在奴婢主贵族举行祭祀、饮宴等活动时使用。传说夏禹曾制九鼎，代表天下九州作为政权的象征。所以，以后把取得天下叫“定鼎”。青铜器纹饰是研究青铜器艺术的重要内容。青铜器纹饰有两大类：动物纹和几何纹。二者均神秘怪诞，很难看懂。这是因为制作的本意是用这些青铜器祭祀天、地、鬼神和祖宗，一般人看不懂正说明构思的巧妙和成功。

大家看这些出土的大量的铁农具，是在秦朝农业为主出土的物品，秦朝以农业为主，这说明铁器当时已经取代了青铜器被广泛使用。公元前350年，秦国迁都咸阳。秦始皇继位后，在20xx年先后吞并6国，建立我国历史上第一个统一的、多民族、中央集权制的封建国家—秦。秦始皇统一六国后，采取了统一货币、度量衡、文字、等一系列改革措施，对促进我国封建社会经济和文化发展做出了重大贡献。秦始皇兵马俑发现的兵器、马俑铜车马，集中展示出秦王朝在军事、经济、科技、文化等方面所达到前所未有的水平。

汉朝是中国历史上一个十分重要的朝代，构成中华民族主体的汉族也在这时正式形成。汉长安城是中国历史上第一座国际性大都市。它比当时西方的古罗马城还大两倍。汉代非常重视农业，发达的农业也是汉代强盛的物质基础。汉代在冶铁、纺织、造纸等手工业的规模和技巧上都超过了前代。这是1957年在西安霸桥一座汉墓中出土的西汉纸。霸桥纸的发现将我国造纸的时间向前推进了近220xx年。汉代丝织品种繁多，这些是从丝绸之路沿线发现的丝绸残片，而求良马正是汗王朝开通丝绸之路的重要目标之一。

公元220xx年到公元581年的魏晋南北朝是中国历史上社会大动荡、民族大融合的时期。这是匈奴大夏政权在今陕北靖边县建立的都城统万城的照片。统万城坚固无比，雄伟壮观，是我国保存最完整的古城堡之一。

隋、唐两代是中国封建社会的鼎盛时期。唐长安城面积达84.1平方公里，是东古罗马拜占庭的7倍，阿拉伯首都巴格达6倍，明代长安城的9.3倍。我国瓷器起源很早，这些是唐三彩，是唐盛时的一种以黄、褐、绿3种颜色为主色釉的陶瓷工艺品。三彩器流行的时间较短，烧制的区别较少，因此遗物不多，非常珍贵。

这些是在陕西发现的元代文物。蒙古族统一中国建立元朝。1369年，明王朝攻占西安，改奉元路为西安府，西安就是从此得名的。宋代到清代是中国瓷器的繁荣时期。这里陈列的壶、罐、茶座、等器物工艺高超，造型古朴，使人留连往返。

汉•四神瓦当(朱雀)直径15.8厘米，边轮宽2厘米，陕西汉长安城遗址出土。朱雀口卸宝珠，昂首翘尾，更显得威严势猛，神圣异常。现藏于陕西历史博物馆。

给大家一小时的活动时间在此参观，一个小时后我会在门口等大家集合。

Ladies and gentlemen

Hello! Welcome to Chengde summer resort. Located in the north of ChengdeCity, the summer resort is an existing classical Royal Garden in China.

The summer resort is a symbol of the heyday of Kangxi and Qianlong in QingDynasty. As the founders of the villa, Kangxi and Qianlong visited the south ofthe Yangtze River for six times, traversing the beauty of the scenery in theworld. In the construction of the summer resort, the advantages of many familieswere learned, and the style of Chinese north and south gardens was integrated,so that the summer resort became the summary and sublimation of Chineseclassical garden art. Chinese garden experts say that the whole summer resort isthe epitome of the beautiful rivers and mountains of the motherland. Why doexperts say that? I think ladies and gentlemen will answer this question aftervisiting the summer resort. However, I would like to remind you that the reasonis related to the topography of the summer resort. (the tour guide adoptssuspense method to stimulate tourists interest in sightseeing)

Ladies and gentlemen, the summer resort is here. Please get out of the car.Now Ill show you her style.

(outside Lizheng gate)

Ladies and gentlemen, the antique door in front of us is the main door ofthe summer resort, which is called the Li main door. It is the entrance of theQing emperor. The palace gate is three rooms wide, with two floors up and down.There are three square door openings in the lower layer, and a city platform anda que tower in the upper layer. You see, there is a stone plaque on the top ofthe middle door. On it is the "Lizhengmen" inscribed by Emperor Qianlong inManchu, Tibetan, Han, Uygur and Mongolian. It symbolizes that our motherland isa unified multi-ethnic country.

There are two stone lions on both sides of the door to show the majesty ofthe emperor. There is Yudao square in front of the gate. The road is paved withblue stones. There are stone tablets in the East and west of the square, onwhich are engraved in Manchu, Mongolian, Tibetan and Chinese characters:"officials wait to dismount here", so we call it dismount tablet. There is a redscreen wall to the south of the square, separating the Royal Garden from theoutside world. It is said that there is a golden rooster flying from Jiguanmountain in Hongzhaobi. In the dead of night, if you tap Zhaobi, the GoldenRooster will chirp. If you want to make a textual research, please come here atnight to listen. OK! Today, I invite you to be the "emperor" and go in and feelthe life of the emperor.

(inside the main entrance of Li)

Please look to the right. On the mountain in the distance, there is a hugestone pillar standing up from the sky, straight into the clouds. It is thick onthe top and thin on the bottom, which is very similar to the hammer used forwashing clothes. We Chengde people call it Bangchui mountain, and Emperor Kangxinamed it "qingchufeng". During the construction of the summer resort, this sceneis skillfully used to integrate the inside and outside of the resort, expand thesense of space, and create a new artistic conception. This is a successfulexample for the designer of the resort to use the garden art of "borrowingscenery". People who come to Chengde usually go to the mountain to touchBangchui mountain, because there is a popular saying in Chengde: "if you touchBangchui mountain, you can live one hundred and three years." If you areinterested, you may as well go up the mountain tomorrow to have a touch. It mustbe very interesting.

The palace in front is the place where the Qing emperor "worked and lived"in Chengde. Now Chengde people call it the summer resort Museum.

(in the exhibition room)

The first picture that comes to our eyes is the complete picture of thesummer resort, which is the full picture of the peak period of the Qing Dynasty.Summer resort, also known as "Rehe Palace", "Chengde Palace". It startedconstruction in 1703, the 42nd year of Emperor Kangxi, and was completed in1792, the 57th year of Emperor Qianlong. In the early and middle Qing Dynasty,several emperors came here almost every year to spend the summer and deal withgovernment affairs, usually in April and may of the lunar calendar, and returnedto Beijing in September and October. In fact, the summer resort has become thesecond political center of the Qing Dynasty. The whole villa covers an area of5.64 million square meters, which is about twice the size of the summer palacein Beijing and eight times the size of Beihai. The villa can be divided intopalace area and garden scenic area. The palace area is composed of four groupsof buildings: the main palace, songhezhai, Wanhe SONGFENG and Donggong. Gardenscenic area is divided into mountain area, Lake area and plain area. Themountain area is wide, accounting for more than 70% of the total area of thevilla. The villa is the essence of the national garden, with the characteristicsof Nan Xiu Bei Xia. There are 90 pavilions, 29 dykes and bridges, 25inscriptions on cliffs, more than 70 groups of rockeries and stones, more than120 groups of buildings such as temples, halls, temples, pavilions, towers andpavilions, with a total construction area of more than 100000 square meters.

The 36 scenes named after four words by Emperor Kangxi and the 36 scenesnamed after three words by Emperor Qianlong are known as "72 scenes of summerresort". Emperor Kangxi praised it as "the north pole with its own mountains andrivers, and the natural scenery is better than the West Lake." The palace wallof the villa is about 10 kilometers long. Because it looks like the Great Wall,we Chengde people affectionately call it "little Great Wall". Outside the palacewalls are the Royal temples built in imitation of the famous temples of allethnic groups in China. These temples are semicircular around the periphery ofthe villa, forming the trend of the stars and the moon, symbolizing that allethnic groups in the country were closely around the ruling center of the QingDynasty at that time. With the passage of time and the change of dynasties, thesummer resort has gone through many vicissitudes. After the founding of newChina, the villa has been reborn. Now it is a well preserved and large-scaleRoyal Garden in China, a world cultural heritage and a famous tourist attractionat home and abroad.

(coming to the second exhibition room)

Most of the pictures on display here are pictures. This picture of autumnMulan is eye-catching. Mulan, which means sentinel deer in Manchu. The way towhistle deer is that before dawn, soldiers sneak into the mountain forest,wearing deerskin and antlers, whistling at the mouth to imitate the call of amale deer. Autumn is the season for deer to mate and group. In this way, thefemale deer can be drawn out for shooting. "Means hunting in autumn. Thispicture is painted by Xinglong a in Qing Dynasty. It depicts the hunting sceneof the emperor more than 200 years ago. You may wonder why the emperor of theQing Dynasty led a large group of people to hunt here for thousands of miles.Because after the emperor of the Qing Dynasty entered the pass, the fightingcapacity of the Eight Banners who were brave and good at fighting in historybegan to decline. Some of them fled, some wounded themselves, sometimes oneperson was injured, and many people escorted them, in order not to go to thefront line. Emperor Kangxi realized that it was urgent to improve the quality ofsoldiers and consolidate the northern frontier. In this situation, EmperorKangxi personally led the Eight Banners out of xifengkou and went north toinspect, and set up a Mulan paddock for the purpose of practicing martial artsin Suiyuan.

The establishment of Mulan paddock was the product of the friendlyrelationship between the Qing Dynasty and the Mongolian and TibetanNationalities. It closed the relationship between the Mongolian and Tibetanareas and the Central Plains, strengthened the exchanges among the Manchu,Mongolian, Tibetan and Han nationalities, consolidated the northern borderdefense, and was conducive to resisting the invasion and expansion of tsaristRussia. The annual hunting lasted about 20 days each time. The emperorpersonally led officials of various government departments and eight banners ofManchu and Mongolian to participate. In order to meet the needs of a largenumber of people, accommodation, rest, savings and the emperors handling ofgovernment affairs, more than ten palaces were built from Beijing to thepaddock. Rehe is located in the middle of this northern patrol route. FromBeijing to here, the memorial ceremony is coming day and night. Moreover, theclimate here is pleasant, the scenery is beautiful, and the water and grass areabundant. So Kangxi decided to build a large palace here, which is Rehe palace.In this regard, Qianlong had a very clear saying: "our emperor built this villaoutside the Great Wall, not for his own travel in Henan, but for theconstruction of the world.".

History shows that the establishment of the autumn festival and the summerresort achieved the Emperor Kangxis political goal of "combining the internaland external heart and forming a solid career". Now lets look at this pictureagain. It can be divided into two parts: the imperial camp and the huntingground. The imperial camp was the place where the emperor lived and dealt withthe government affairs, and the hunting ground was the place where he actuallyhunted. When hunting, there was strict organization and discipline. After thesoldiers disguised as deer led the deer out, the sergeants gradually reduced theencirclement to the level of people side by side and horses with ears, but theycould not shoot at will. At this time, the emperor first came out to shootarrows, and then the princes, ministers and soldiers shot in turn. The pictureshows a deer hunting scene. Please follow me.

This second gate is called "Yue shoot", which is the place where theemperor watched the archery competition between the emperors son and hisgrandson. There is a plaque on the top of the door, which is written with fourgold-plated characters of "summer villa". It is the imperial pen of EmperorKangxi. This plaque is extremely beautiful and eye-catching. Perhaps you havefound that the word "avoid" in this summer resort is written one morehorizontal. Is it Emperor Kangxis mistake, or is there another reason )Thisgentleman (young lady) is right. It turns out that in the Qing Dynasty, when thetwo characters "Bi" were used at the same time, either way of writing wascorrect. This is a variant character phenomenon. Here Emperor Kangxi wrote itfor the sake of pursuing the beauty of calligraphy.

The two bronze lions on both sides of the gate are majestic. Speaking ofthese two bronze lions, there is a touching legend! It is said that during theAnti Japanese War, the Japanese invaders occupied Chengde and plundered it. Oneday, a group of Japanese soldiers found that the two bronze lions were beautifuland priceless. They wanted to take them away, but they were too heavy to carrythem. So they went to find tools separately. All this makes the old people inthe nursing home look in the eyes and feel pain in the heart. He thought thatthe bronze lion was the treasure of the country, and it must not be taken awayby the Japanese soldiers. He had an idea. He immediately got pig blood from thevillage and smeared it on the lions eyes. When the Japanese soldiers found thetools and came back, they found that the lions eyes were red, and they allcried blood. They were all stunned. They were afraid that moving the lion wouldbring them bad luck, so they ran away in a panic. This pair of nationaltreasures has been preserved until now. Now the pair of bronze lions have becomemascots in peoples minds. If you want everything to go well, dont forget totouch it.

承德导游词英语作文3

Dear friends

Hello! Today we visit Pule temple. Pule temple, commonly known asyuantingzi, is another royal temple built by Emperor Qianlong after PuningTemple and Anyuan temple. It covers an area of 24000 square meters with the eastfacing the West and the central axis facing the summer resort. The first half ofthe architecture of Pule temple is the traditional "Jialan Qitang" style of theHan temple, and the second half is the Tibetan form. The main building of thetemple, Xuguang Pavilion, imitates the praying Hall of the temple of heaven inBeijing. The layout of the building is different from that of ordinary temples,which breaks the pattern of traditional temples facing south. In the East, it isadjacent to the chime hammer peak, and in the west, it is opposite to the summerresort. It echoes with the Puren temple, Anyuan temple, Puning Temple, XumiFushou temple, Putuo Zongcheng temple, etc. in the eight outer temples, forminga pattern of stars holding the moon and bowing to the summer resort.

(in front of the Mountain Gate of Pule Temple)

Now we come to the gate of Pule temple. There is a pair of stone lions infront of the door. You see how well preserved they are. In the middle of themountain gate, there is a stone plaque inscribed with "Pule Temple" written byEmperor Qianlong in Han, Manchu, Mongolian and Tibetan Languages.

(entering the Mountain Gate)

The first thing you can see when you enter the mountain gate is the belland drum towers on both sides of the north and the south. Its function is thesame as the bell and drum towers of Puning Temple. I will not repeat ithere.

You see, there is a five room hall with a single eaves on the top of theplatform. Under the central eaves is a Yunlong plaque written by EmperorQianlong. In the center of the hall is Maitreya Buddha with a big belly. He hasa fat head and a big cheek. He is happy with his eyebrows and smiles. It seemsthat he is welcoming us. On both sides of the cloth bag monk are clay statues ofthe four heavenly kings.

The four heavenly kings, 8.38 meters high, are in sitting position. Thoughthey have been living for 200 years, they are still resplendent and magnificent,ranking second to none in the country. Behind Maitreya Buddha stands WeituoBuddha. Weituo is the Dharma protector of the Buddha and one of the EightGenerals of the southern growth heavenly king, ranking first among the 32generals (each of the four heavenly kings has eight generals). It is said thatwhen Sakyamuni Buddha came to Nirvana, the evil spirits took away the remains ofthe Buddha, and Weituo chased them in time and tried hard to recapture them.Therefore, Buddhism regards him as the God to expel evil spirits and protectBuddhism. Since the Song Dynasty, Chinese temples have worshipped Weituo, knownas Weituo Bodhisattva. They often stand behind the Maitreya Buddha statue andface the main hall to protect the Dharma and help monks.

(in front of Zongyin Hall)

When we enter the second courtyard from the Tianwang hall, we are presentedwith a hall with seven wide faces and five deep faces, with double eaves andglass tile roofs on Xieshan mountain. This is the main building of the temple"Zongyin hall". Zongyin means that Buddhism is the unchanging truth. In thecenter of the main ridge of Zongyin hall, there is a yellow glazed tile Lamatower, about two meters high. The base of the tower is xumizuo. The tower iscomposed of Chenglu pan, Xianglun, sun and moon. On both sides of the pagoda areinlaid with eight ornaments for Buddhas offering: wheel (Dharma wheel), snail(Buddhas sound is widely spread), umbrella (protecting all Dharma), cover(Buddhas power), lotus (not contaminated by worldly customs), vase (virtue isperfect), Pisces (freedom and liberation), pan Chang (Buddhist doctrine runsthrough all the time). In the center of the hall, there are three Buddhas: thepharmacist Buddha in the Oriental glass world, the Sakyamuni Buddha in theChinese dancing world, and the Amitabha Buddha in the Western Paradise. Thereare eight wood carved Bodhisattvas on the stone Xumi seats on both sides of thethree Buddhas: Manjusri, Vajrayana, Avalokitesvara and King Tibetans in theSouth; Puxian, Maitreya, void Tibetans and removing dirt and obstacles in thenorth. They are called eight Bodhisattvas. The eight Bodhisattvas are of thesame size. They are all carved in wood and painted in gold.

There are five auxiliary halls on each side of Zongyin hall. The Nanpeihall is called "Huili hall". In the hall, there are statues of Buddha, Vajrawith horse head, Vajra with subduing part and Vajra with anger. They are pink,blue, red, three heads and six arms, with human skin on the back and tiger skinskirt around the waist. The backlight behind is a five color flame, which issaid to represent five kinds of "wisdom". The north side hall is "Shengyinhall". Inside the hall is dedicated to the inner achievement of Vajra hand, theouter achievement of Vajra hand and the secret achievement of Vajra hand. It issaid that these three Buddhas are the images of Sakyamuni when he preached thesecret Dharma, and are the secret incarnations of Sakyamuni. So its also called"secret master".

(Shangcheng)

Dear friends, we now come to the "city" in the eastern half of Pule temple.The city is actually a Datura entity. Mandala is a transliteration of Sanskrit,translated as "Tan" or "Daochang". This is the place where the lamas practice,observe and teach the secret law. In order to prevent the invasion of "demons",the tantric sect of Lamaism drew a circle or built a high altar on the practicesite, on which the Buddha, Bodhisattva or scroll were placed. Only in this waycan we get the protection of Buddha and Bodhisattva and not be disturbed by the"demons".

The city is divided into three layers: the outer layer is a group of squarehouses. There are doors on all sides. Facing the west is the main gate, which isthree rooms wide and one room deep, with a single eaves resting on the top ofthe mountain. There is a Qianlong stele built in the gate hall. It is inscribedwith Qianlongs stele of Pule Temple written in Manchu, Han, Mongolian andTibetan Languages. The construction of Pule temple is not like that of PuningTemple and Anyuan temple. In view of specific historical events, EmperorQianlong felt that there was still a large space to be used from Puning Templeand Anyuan temple to the area of qinghammer peak. In order to make the overallrational layout of the temples around the summer resort, he built this temple."Pule" is derived from Fan Zhongyans "Yueyang Tower" in which "the worries ofthe world come first and then the happiness of the world come later". On bothsides of the original square courtyard, it has 72 single-layer Gallery room, nolonger exist.

The second floor is a square stone platform with battlements on the brickwall. A stone arch is built in the center of the platform, and there is acorridor between the arch and the gate hall. In the middle of the West arch,there is a stone plaque of "shewei Xianxiang" written by Emperor Qianlong, whichmeans that it is the same as shewei state, showing auspicious scenery. There arestone pedals on both sides of the arch leading to the bottom of the platform.The arches on the north and south sides are closed, with Buddhist painting axeshanging inside. There is a small hall at the exit of the pedal road from thepedal road to the top of the second floor platform. There are eight Lama pagodaswith the same shape and different colors in the middle of the four corners andfour sides of the top. The pagoda is divided into five colors: yellow, black,purple, green and white. These five colors represent the "five elements" ofland, water, fire, wind and air in Lamaism. The five color pagoda symbolizes thefive color land (the land of Chinas Kyushu is five colors), which means thatunder the heaven, is it the kings land. The eight pagodas are divided intoeight directions and serve as the merit towers of Sakyamunis "eight greatachievements" (Buddha, becoming Tao, turning the wheel of Dharma, manifestingsupernatural powers, benefiting the world, transforming monks, thinkingimmeasurably and entering Nirvana). It symbolizes the long-term and stable ruleof the Qing Dynasty.

The square stone platform on the third floor is surrounded by stonerailings. In the center of the platform is the main building "Xuguang Pavilion"in the second half of the temple. It means facing the rising sun in the East.This is a round pavilion with double eaves, yellow glazed tiles and a pointedroof. Its shape is the same as that of the praying Hall of the temple of heavenin Beijing. 12 eaves columns and 12 gold columns support the double eaves domein two layers. The square platform and the round roof show the ancient Chinesecosmology with a round sky and a round place. The building on the round stoneXumi seat in the center of the hall is called "Mandala", which is athree-dimensional "Mandala" model in China.

The nine palace grid on its base is made of 37 pieces of wood, representing37 kinds of knowledge of Sakyamuni. In the middle of the mandala, there is adouble bronze statue of the king Buddha of shangle. Shangle King Buddha, alsoknown as Shengle King Buddha, is also called "Huanxi Buddha". It is also named"Deqiao" and is one of the original Buddhas of Tantric practice of Lamaism.Tantric school advocates practicing secret law, that is, practicing through "thedoor of convenience" (yoga) to become a Buddha. King Buddha of shangle is theincarnation of King Buddha holding wheel, representing wisdom. Mother Buddha(female image) represents meditation. Only with "both wisdom and tranquility"and "both meditation and meditation" can one become a Buddha. The combination oftwo bodies is like the wings of a bird and the wheels of a car. Only in this waycan one become a Buddha, which is another form of cultivation in TantricBuddhism.

The top of Xuguang Pavilion is decorated with exquisite dragon troupe andPearl caisson. The carving is exquisite and glittering, which has high artisticvalue. come

(in the exhibition room of Tantric Buddhism)

Dear friends, now we are in the exhibition room of Tantric Buddhism. Thisis the gate hall on the north side of the city. Originally, there were 21 groupsof rooms beside the square gate hall. Now only the gate hall is left. Except forthe west gate hall, the other nine gate halls have been turned into exhibitionrooms.

Esoteric Buddhism, also known as esoteric Buddhism, originated in the latestage of the development of Mahayana Buddhism in ancient India, and has obviouscharacteristics compared with Xianzong. 800 years after Sakyamunis death,Buddhism was divided into Buddhism and Buddhism. Academia believes that EsotericBuddhism is the product of the combination of Mahayana and Brahmanism after the7th century. It was introduced by Indian master rinwatson in the early 8thcentury. He fought many times with Bon witches in secret law. Every time hedefeated some Bon witches, he declared that some stupid God had been subdued andnamed him the protector of Buddhism. The tantric Buddha statue of TibetanBuddhism is unique, which is not only the precious wealth of religious art, butalso the treasure of human body statue art in the world. Lets have a lookhere

Apart from the modern clay statues, they are all originally preserved inthe temple, which is hard to see in other temples.

What are the differences between Tantric Buddhism and Buddhism? There arethe following points: first, Tantric Buddhism takes Sakyamuni as its leader andattaches great importance to theory, while Tantric Buddhism praises theTathagata and pays attention to matters; second, Tantric Buddhism advocatespreaching Buddhism, meditation, enlightenment and self-cultivation, whileTantric Buddhism attaches great importance to inheritance, truth and mantra inorder to become Buddha; 3、 Xianzongs Classics mainly include scriptures, laws,precepts, and theories. In addition to tantric, there are eulogy, praise,Dharma, mantra, rituals, yoga, and seal of contract. Fourth, Xianzong has fourkinds of prestige: walking, living, sitting, and lying. In addition to tantric,it also needs to contemplate, follow the teachers instruction, abide by ritualsand practice procedures.

Tantric cultivation can be divided into four steps: Shimi, xingmi, yoga MIand supreme yoga MI. Master zongkaba, the founder of the Yellow religion,stipulated that the order of practice should be first obvious and then secret.Only the living Buddha who has obtained the degree of gexi in Tibetan educationis qualified to practice Esoteric Buddhism, which is passed on by master Vajraand practiced in the upper and lower esoteric schools. The practice of TantricBuddhism is accompanied by the imperial concubine Ming. Therefore, most of thetantric statues are double figures of men and women, which are called "joyfulBuddha" or "joyful heaven". Each of these statues has a Buddhist story orlegend, so they are three-dimensional fables of Buddhism. Because the joyfulBuddhas are all naked, they are men and women, so some people mistakenly thinkthat "joyful" refers to the sexual pleasure of men and women. In fact, these twowords mean fearless, angry spirit, transcending life and death, and gainingjoy.

(in the second exhibition room of Tantric Buddhism)

One of the most influential Buddhist statues of Tantric Buddhism is thebronze "King Kong of great power, virtue and terror" in the second exhibitionroom. He was a man and a woman, with nine sides, thirty-four hands and sixteenfeet. The nine faces represent the nine Sutras of Mahayana, the two hornssymbolize the two truths, the thirty-four hands with body, the thirty-sevenmeaning, the thirty-seven Bodhi Dharma, the sixteen feet symbolize the sixteenemptiness, and the combination of men and women symbolizes the great happiness.On the left and right, eight feet step on eight things and eight birds,symbolizing "80% of the Department" and "eight freedom". Nudity and nirvanasymbolize "no dust". Anger and uprightness symbolize "wonderful way". As for thejoyful Buddha image, there are such legends in sibunayega Dharma and JapaneseTantra of dongmi: the woman is the incarnation of Guanyin Bodhisattva. With herbeauty, she subdued the king who believed in Brahmanism and made him theprotector of Buddhism. This kind of saying is completely out of the secularattachment psychology. It is a difficult realm for ordinary people to reach todeeply study the essence of Tantric cultivation. It is to break the ignorance,cultivate the good root and obtain the right consciousness. There is amysterious veil about the true meaning of Tibetan secrets. No wonder we cantunderstand it. However, the artistic charm of these superb human figures isamazing to every tourist.

Also on display in the exhibition room are the prison master King Kong,riding sheep to protect the Dharma, joyful King Kong, auspicious HeavenlyMother, shangle King Buddha and so on. Please enjoy it freely.

Although Pule temple is a Lamaist temple, there is no Lama in it, but it isguarded by eight banners. This is the place where the Kazakh, Uighur, Kirgiz andother ethnic upper class people who come to the summer resort to worship theQing emperor pay homage and live.

Dear friends, this is the end of the tour guides explanation of Puletemple. Short time together, eternal memory, in your heart, my heart left a goodmemory. I remember a song like this: "when we surpass our dreams, we need toface them sincerely, let our life savor this moment, and let the years rememberthis time.".

Dear friends, goodbye!

各位游客：

中国有四大碑林，它们分别在陕西、山东、四川和中国台湾，而陕西省的西安碑林博物馆，以碑石之多、价值之高，名列四大碑林之首。倘若您是一位历史、文学、绘画、雕刻、书法艺术爱好者，来西安而没去参观西安碑林博物馆，将会十分遗憾。

西安碑林博物馆位于西安市三学街15号，是在原西安府文庙和西安碑林旧址上建立起来的，是一座以西安碑林和古代石刻陈列为主，并进行综合陈列的历史文化宝库。西安碑林，以碑石丛立如林而得名。它始建于北宋元祐二年(公元1087年)，历经900多年的历史，是我国收藏碑石最早最多的艺术宝库。该馆藏石3000余方，现展出的仅是藏石的三分之一，分别陈列在6个碑廊、7座碑室、8个碑亭中。1961年西安碑林被国务院公布为第一批国家级重点文物保护单位。下面，请大家尽情地欣赏一番碑林的艺术精华吧。

【文庙的历史沿革】

各位游客，前面已经说过，西安碑林是在原西安府文庙和西安碑林;日址上建立起来的，今天我们的游览也就主要分成两部分。现在我们来到的是第一部分碑林博物馆前院，也就是文庙，参观这里就像是观看主戏前的序幕。

文庙就是孔庙，因唐代封孔子为文宣王而得名，现在仍保持着孔庙建筑的格调。游客们还在车上时就能发现这里是一片亭台楼阁、雕梁画栋式的古建筑群，不亲历这绿树成荫、鸟语花香的环境，谁能相信在繁华的闹市区竞有如此幽静的场所?

全国大多数地区都建有孔庙，规模最大的要算山东曲阜的那座了。我们面前这座西安孔庙始建于宋徽宗赵信崇宁年间(公元1102—1120xx年)，由唐长安国子监旧址，也就是今天的西安市西大街社会路一带，移建于此，历经元、明、清各代，屡屡修葺，依然保留着其巍巍雄姿。大家已经看到博物馆门外南墙上，有两个苍劲有力的描金大字“孔庙”，是由清末陕西著名书画家刘晖所书。墙根下那几棵古槐有人说是唐朝末年所植，距今已有1100多年历史，被称为太庙古槐，而今也按重要文化遗产加以保护。

【三学街—孔庙大门—木牌坊】

横在大家面前的这条路，叫三学街。三学街不长，却能引发怀古之幽思，常令游客流连忘返。在明宪宗朱见深成化年间，西安府辖的长安和咸宁二县的学府，相继迁移至文庙两侧，遂有一庙(孔庙)三学(咸宁学、府学、长安学)之称。三学街的称谓也就一直延续下未了。今天，这里已成为西安古文化艺术的集中地之一，文房四宝、文物古玩应有尽有。

各位游客，游完三学街后步入博物馆大门，向东南方向望去，木牌坊、伴池、魁星楼等遥相呼应，构成一幅别具风格的动人画面。只要稍加注意，大家就会发现西安碑林博物馆有个不引人注目的特点，即东西开门。其实天下孔庙无正门。无论大小，孔庙的整体建筑格局都是坐北朝南，但不开南门，而开义路(东门)和礼门(西门)。全国所有孔庙都把塞门、泮门及棂星门、戟门、大成殿对称地排在一条中轴线上，因为孔子的地位被各朝代抬得很高，可以说是至高无尚。若开南门，便是不敬。

孔庙里建有一座奇特的木牌坊，远看就像高高的彩楼。它用12根红木柱支撑，三层棋形斗檐式木质结构，拔地而起，上面彩绘花纹图案和二龙戏珠，是明代建筑，也叫太和元气坊。按当时规格建造法，本来应该把牌坊设在孔庙门外。这座牌坊是由西岳庙迁建过来的，由于门外是城墙，选不出合适的地方，便只好 “屈就”在这里了。

【泮池—棂星门—华表—戟门—两庑】

各位游客，现在我们已进入到碑林前院了。大家已经看到中间有座不大不小的水池。这不是一般的水池，“天下孔庙有泮池”指的就是它。所谓泮池，就是半圆形的池子。古代称学校为泮宫;到清代，中举称人泮，泮池以此而得名。在封建社会，只有考上秀才方可进人孔庙朝拜，并在泮池洗笔。各位游客不妨也以秀才的身份，沿祭孔的路线，感受一下秀才祭拜的仪俗。

好了，我们已进入棂星门，这也是孔庙的第二道门。棂星门始建于元代。东门额刻有“德配天地”，西门额刻有“道冠古今”。棂与灵通用。灵星为星宿之名，是神话传说中取士之神。清代把棂星门由二门改为三门，中门书“文庙”二字，东西门不变。

过棂星门后，人们便会发现孔庙里也有控马桩，只不过此处的拴马桩比平时见到的要大得多。其实，这是石柱型的华表，起仪卫和祥瑞作用。北京天安门前和山东曲阜庙的盘龙华表，代表了最高等级的华表，而西安碑林里的这对华表均为八棱形石柱，通高445厘米，周长163厘米，也是较引人注目的一景。

戴门位于棂星门以北，属于明代后多次翻建的古建筑物。这是古代孔庙陈列兵器用的，两侧室则为祭孔人员熟悉仪规和整理衣冠而设。

孔庙的两点，也叫东西庑，指正房对面和两侧的小屋子，是孔庙里不可缺少的建筑之一，为祭把孔子七十二弟子而设。

【大成殿的得名来历—建筑历史—魁星楼的兴衰】

各位游客，现在我们看到的是大成殿，这说明我们已经游到了孔庙正殿。“大成”取自《孟子·万章章句下》“孔子之谓大成，集大成者也”。其意思是孔子之知无不尽，而德无不全也。“犹作乐者，集众乐之小成，而为一大成也!”其意思为，孔夫子好比乐队指挥，能把演奏的内容融为一体，变成大型演奏，故称大成殿。

据有关史料记载，大成殿始于宋代。这里的大成殿为底式建筑，修建于明代。当时殿前有一大型露台，周围有栏杆，东、南、西面有石级可踏步而上，南下中有云龙纹图案石雕，可和北京故宫太和殿前的石雕相媲美。可惜，这样一座宏伟的建筑，在1959年9月13日下午4时，毁于一场无情的雷电之火。

魁星，是中国神话传说中的二十八宿之一，主宰文章兴衰，俗称魁星。一般应试得第一名者为“魁首”或称“魁甲”，即指状元。旧时孔庙或学府中都要修建魁星楼，以祭扫魁星，祈求功名顺利。

这里的魁星楼，建于明神宗朱栩钓万历四十七年(公元1620xx年)。原楼于清末民初因失修塌毁。公元1986年，党和政府据历史资料，依原楼大小、高度及形体重建了魁星楼。此楼建在城墙上，显得更加高大雄伟。

【景云钟—七座碑亭】

我们穿过戟门，在东侧可以找到被称为天下奇物的景云钟。

景云钟，铸于唐睿宗李旦景云二年(公元720xx年)，故称景云钟，也叫景龙观钟。此钟高2.47米，重约6吨，用铜5000多公斤，是我国古代最大的铜钟之一。它由25块铜模铸成，游客走近仍能看出铜铸弥合的痕迹。钟身分上中下3段，每段分3格，除下段中格为铭文外，其余均饰以各种不同的动物和飞天，造形生动而形象。32枚钟乳像一颗颗明亮的星星，均匀地布于钟身各处。据说它们具有装饰钟表面和调节音韵的作用。

钟上铭文共18行292个字，是唐睿宗李旦所撰写的，主要描述道教的神秘玄妙和对景云钟的赞语，还谈到此钟的铸造经过。

唐睿宗李旦铸钟，是为了纪念他的哥哥中宗李显。李显和李旦是唐高宗李治和武则天的三、四子，这两人都做过短时间的皇帝。唐代兴建的钟楼，毁于战火之中。明太祖朱元漳洪武十七年(公元1384年)，在迎样观原址上又新建一座3层高的钟楼，悬钟子上层中央，早晚敲钟报时。这座钟移到陕西省博物馆后， 1964年参加了在日本举办的世界名钟展，被选入世界名钟之列。每年除夕，中央人民广播电台播出的第一声钟响，即是景云钟钟声的录音;西安电报大楼的方形大钟报时的钟声也是景云钟的录音。

各位游客，我们基本游完了碑林的第一部分即碑林前院孔庙。最后大家数一数，从载门到大成殿的路两侧总共建有七座碑亭，亭亭形状相同。这些碑亭建于清朝历代，因为康熙、乾隆等朝都曾出动大军，与西北地区的分裂割据势力作战，每平定一处，皇帝就亲书庆功碑一座，竖立在这里。由于是皇帝的御碑，所以，按等级规定，每个碑都加盖碑亭。这些亭子在两侧是对称的，惟前院有一单列，原因是建到这里时，清王朝衰败了，再也没有竖碑和建亭的机会了。

【碑林的形成】

各位游客，我们现在开始参观博物馆的第二部分，即闻名还逐的西安碑林。西安碑林为何如此出名?主要原因在于它是在保存唐代石经的基础上发展起来的。所谓唐代石经，包括唐玄宗李隆基亲自书写的《石台孝经》和唐文宗李昂开成二年(公元837年)艾居晦等人书写的《开成石经》等。这些石经原来都立在长安城务本坊国于监大学内(今西安城南文艺路一带)。

在漫长的历史长河中，有众多的志士仁人，为西安碑林的发展作出了巨大贡献。碑林的创始人是北宋龙图阁学士吕大忠，是他亲自主持设计，基本形成了以《石台孝经》、《开成石经》为主的碑林陈列格局。

碑林的奠基人，首先当推唐代的韩建，是他把弃于郊野的唐石经第一次迁移到尚书省之隅(今西安市西大街社会路)。还有五代的尹玉明多次把石经迁入城内。两人为碑林的建立奠定了基础。

金元时期的任佐，捐钱筹划碑林整修工程;明代金石学家费甲铸为防止碑林拓印受损，摹刻充实碑林。还有大家熟悉的民国政府监察院院长于右任，捐给碑林《汉熹平石经残石》，使碑林第一次有了汉代碑石，而这碑石，是目前发现的最大。字数最多的珍品。土堆成山，水积成川，碑林就是经过历代中国人的辛勤努力，才成为今天的文化艺术宝库，当大家欣赏到这一块块来之不易的碑石，会产生怎样的感想呢?

【碑亭及《石台孝经碑》—第一室《唐开成石经》—第二室《大秦景教流行中国碑》】

各位游客，现在我们来到西安碑林广场。大家已经看到一座红柱绿栏双飞檐的碑亭。

亭子上中央“碑林”两字传说是林则徐写的。亭内竖立着唐玄宗的《石台孝经碑》。它是由唐玄宗李隆基亲自作序、注释并书写，由宰相李林甫、国子祭酒李齐古主持，于唐玄宗李隆基天宝四年(公元745年)镌刻而成的御碑。整座碑是由高590厘米，宽120厘米的4石结体而成。碑冠、碑身、碑座，共用 35块巨石组合。碑文用隶书书写，字体雍容爽朗，端庄大方，很值得游客们观赏、临摹和研究。碑冠上雕刻神龙，碑座上线刻双狮和卷草纹饰的三层石台垒起，显得庄重魁伟，气象不凡。据说当年碑刻好后，李齐古把拓本呈给唐玄宗过目，唐玄宗又写上了“孝者，德之本”鞠批文。

当我们来到西安碑林第一室时，会有一种进入巨大的石质书库的感觉，因为这里陈列着中国目前仅存的一套最完整的十三经刻石。

在印刷技术还不发达的唐代，为避免士子们在学习时传抄的错误，并能永久保存，特刻石经为范本，立于长安城务本坊国子监大学内。由于这套石刻经书刻于唐文宗李昂开成二年(公元837年)，所以又称《开成石经》其内容包括我国封建社会知识分子必读的《周易》、《尚书》、《诗经》、《周礼》、《礼仪》、《礼记》、《左传》、《公羊传》、《毂梁传》、《孝经》、《论语》、《尔雅》、《孟子》13部经书。前12经共114石、228面。每石高216厘米，宽83厘米至99厘米不等，共65.0252万字。如215石至222石的《论语》，是孔子的弟子们记载孔子言行的一部专集，共分20篇，包括孔子关于政治、教育、文学等方面的言论，由孔子的再传弟子编辑于战国时期，是研究孔子和初期儒家学说的珍贵资料。说它是世界上最重、最大的一部石书是一点也不过分的。不知道游客们是否赞同这个观点?

参观第二室时，大家一定会奇怪：怎么在这体现中国古文化的西安碑林中也会出现刻有外国文字的碑石?其实在西安碑林中，刻着外国文字的碑石有好几块，最为著名的就是眼前这块《大秦景教流行中国碑》。它高279厘米，宽99厘米，共32行，每行62字。“大秦”是中国古代对罗马帝国的泛称。景教是基督教中斯脱里派的中国称呼。景教在唐太宗李世民贞观九年(公元635年)传到长安。此碑立于唐德宗李适建中二年(公元781年)，是由景教僧景净述事，吕秀岩书写。看到这里，大家是否能体会到中外文化交流的悠久历史渊源呢?

【盛唐书法名家颜真卿】

各位游客，不知道在你们之中是否有书法爱好者?大家应该知道，中国初唐有四位大书法家，他们分别是欧阳询、虞世南、诸遂良、薛稷，他们是二王(王台之、王献之)书体的继承人，然而唐朝新书体的创造者应该是盛唐时期的颜真卿。

如果说西安碑林是中国古代书法艺术的百花园，那么颜真卿的书法则是一朵争奇斗艳的奇葩。颜真卿是怎样一个人?他是盛唐时期的著名书法家，官至平原太守、太子太师等职，为唐朝名垂千古的忠烈大臣，人称“颜平原”。他一生为人刚毅正直，屡遭权奸陷害与排斥，最后为维护唐朝统一，以身殉国，被人尊称为 “颜鲁公”。颜真卿善楷书和行草，他博采众家之长、独创自己风格的书法艺术，把民间酝酿已久的书法革新推向了高潮。他一生留下来的书法作品有70多种，在西安碑林这座书法艺术的殿堂里，陈列的颜真卿真迹有6处。如第二室中的《多宝塔感应碑》，是颜真卿为千福寺和尚楚金一书写的墓碑，44岁时书写。其特点是字体端正，苍劲有力，结构严密，更多地保留了晋和初唐楷书的风格。还有挥洒自如的《颜氏家庙碑》、劲挺豁达的《争座位稿帖刻石》均在第二室，浑厚雄健的《臧怀恪碑》、气势磅磅的《郭家庙碑》、丰润饱满的《颜勤礼碑》均在第三室。游客们可以根据颜体发展的不同阶段去体会、去感受。

【诸遂良、王羲之与《大唐三藏圣教序碑》】

在西安碑林博物馆的第二室，各位游客已经看到有两通位后三藏圣教序碑》。一通是王羲之的墨迹;一通是唐代大书法家请遂良的手笔。来过西安旅游的人还知道在离此不远的大雁塔上还有两通碑，一通是《雁塔圣教序碑》;另一通力《雁塔圣教序记碑》。游客们会问，古人为什么要坚那么多的《大唐三藏圣教序碑》呢?晋代书法家王羲之又怎么能为唐人书写碑文呢?

首先我们要搞清碑文内容。中国古典神话小说《西游记》里的唐三藏可谓家喻户晓，其实这小说的主人公还真有其人，是隋末唐初的玄奘大法师。玄奘法师曾于贞观三年(公元620xx年)一人离开长安去印度，沿丝绸之路长途跋涉，克服种种艰难险阻，甚至冒着生命危险，先后共在外20xx年。当他满载657部梵文佛经回到长安城时，唐太宗非常激动，为表彰他的印度之行，亲自撰写“三藏圣教”的序文和记，这也就是我们今天所说的《大唐三藏圣教序碑》的碑文内容。

现在我们先看褚遂良的《大唐三藏圣教序碑》。褚遂良是杭州人，唐太宗时曾任中书令、诗书等职，为官清正，深受皇恩。太宗晚年，托身后大事于他，可见这位唐初四大书法家之一的话遂良不同于一般大书法家。只是他后来反对唐高宗立武则天为后，被贬为爱州刺史。请遂良写的位唐三藏圣教序碑》共有两处3 通，一处是镶在大雁塔台上的《大唐三藏圣教序》和《大唐三藏圣教序记》。另一处就是眼前这通《同州三藏圣教序碑》了。那么游客看到这里会问：褚遂良为何要写3通圣教序碑呢?传说，唐太宗时期，李世民令褚遂良当场书写《大唐三藏圣教序碑》和《大唐三藏圣教序记碑》。事后，请遂良自己感到在皇帝面前书写碑文过于拘谨，现场发挥得不够理想，便又重写了一通《大唐三藏圣教序碑》，世称《同州三藏圣教序碑》。

王羲之的大名恐怕没有人不知道了。他也是浙江人，居会稽山阴，初任秘书郎，后任征西参军、江州刺史等职，官到有将军、会稽内史，世称“王右军”。他的《兰亭集序》是胜炙人口的名篇，千古流传。据说唐太宗酷爱王羲之书法，曾下令由国库出重金购买王羲之真迹，经他珍藏的王羲之墨宝有2200余件。所以，历史上曾有唐太宗骗取《兰亭集序》陪葬昭陵的故事。至于王羲之为唐人写碑与唐太宗崇佛和爱王羲之书法有关。唐弘福寺沙门和尚怀仁，是唐初的一位知名书法家。为了使皇帝写的碑文和王台之的书法珠联壁合，经久传世，怀仁决。小集字勒石成碑。这时王素之已去世200多年，惟一条件是有大量王体真迹。为此，怀仁和尚做了大量艰苦细致的工作，花费巨大代价，历经20xx年才完成这通特殊的丰碑。

各位游客，西安碑林的参观到此结束。有兴趣的话，您还可自由游览其他碑刻，但愿今天的参观能给您带来艺术的启迪、知识的收获。谢谢!

Mount Hua is the highest of China’s five sacred mountains. It is 120kilometers east of Xian. It has five peaks that resemble the petals of a flower.The highest peak is 2180 meters (7085 feet).

We had had discussions about going to Mount Hua with some graduate studentsfrom Computer Science. That didn’t work out due to changes in schedules on bothsides. Also, they were planning to do the climb at night to be able to reach thepeak at sunrise. That did not appeal to us. We wanted to spend a night on themountain. Fran’s department arranged a trip for us, making reservations at thesimple hotel on the North Peak. They sent two graduate students to accompany us,though they had not been to Mount Hua before. We met them at 8:00 on Saturdaymorning and took a taxi to the train station. There we asked around and locateda mini-bus. The bus made a couple of stops. One was to see a presentation aboutthe traditional medicines grown on the mountain and a chance to buy some ofthem. It probably would have been interesting if we understood Chinese. Ourguides gave us the general outline about what was said. The other stop was aquick lunch stop.

There are two approaches to Mount Hua. [Chinese proverb: “There is one roadand only one road to Mount Hua,” meaning that sometimes the hard way is the onlyway.] The west entrance involves 10 kilometers of walking on a road before youstart climbing. We went with the east entrance, where the bus brings you to thebase of a cable car that goes up to the 1500 meter North Peak. Our plan was towalk up to the North Peak, then climb to the four other peaks the next day andtake the cable car down.

We started the climb in the early afternoon. The path consists of stonesteps with rough chain link handrails in the narrowest areas (we wore ourbicycling gloves for hand protection). Physically, it is more like climbing thesteps of a skyscraper than trails at home. However, the temperature was about 95degrees and there was not much shade. We brought lots of water, including somebottles that we froze and some Gatorade that we got at the fancy departmentstore in downtown Xian. There are plenty of refreshment stands along the waywhere you can buy bottled water, the Chinese equivalent of Gatorade, and otherdrinks or snacks at a premium price.

We reached the North Peak before 4:00 PM and rested at the hotel. Our roomwas basic, but comfortable and clean enough. Because water is scarce on themountain, there were neither showers nor sinks available for washing. In thatsense the experience felt like camping, but we were sleeping in a big tent!

After dinner at the hotel restaurant, we spent some time talking with ourguides. We were a bit surprised to find that they both think of Japannegatively, but like the U.S. It seems that Japan’s WWII behavior in China hasnot been forgotten, and is emphasized in school.

We saw a beautiful sunset and watched the sky become resplendent withthousands of stars, including the Milky Way galaxy. This was the clearest skythat we have seen in China. The fresh air at Mount Hua is a treat!

Our guides had both been planning to get up at 4:00 AM to watch thesunrise. Fran and I made sleep a priority. We did happen to wake up a bit beforesunrise (our room faced east) and went outside to watch the sky become rosy.Ironically, our guides missed the sunrise because they had stayed up latewatching the European soccer championships on the television in their room

The plan for the day was to climb the other four peaks, but we reserved theright to shorten the route. The first part was a steep climb to Middle Peak.After the low North Peak, all the others are at roughly 20__ meters. There werecrowds on the way to Middle Peak – mostly Chinese hikers but we did see a fewother wai guo (foreigners) as well.

We visited two Taoist temples en route to Middle Peak. Each one had analtar with incense and offerings of fruit. The friendly monks invited us to saya prayer or to send blessings to loved ones. Fran accepted their invitation. Atthe first temple, she lit incense sticks and knelt on a cushion in front of thealtar saying a silent prayer for our safe journey to the various summits ofMount Hua (the prayer was answered). At the second temple, she knelt on acushion in front of the altar and sent silent blessings to several friends whoare experiencing challenging situations in their lives at present. After eachblessing, she leaned forward and the monk struck a drum.

After Middle Peak, the crowds got much thinner. The next was East Peak,which had a steep ladder climbing rock. Fran was dubious about this ascent, butrealized that the ladder wasn’t so bad and went for it. That was a good decisionbecause we were then able to do a loop and the trails got almost empty at thispoint. After skirting the top of a cliff with a steep dropoff on both sides, wehad a pleasant walk to South Peak and West Peak. There was even a small amountof dirt trail! The summit of South Peak was the highest point on Mount Hua, soof course we asked another hiker to take a photo of our guides and us. The viewsfrom the tops of each peak were beautiful. Mount Hua and the surroundingmountains are very rugged and remind us somewhat of hiking in the southwesternUnited States or the Sierras.

We took a route that eventually brought us to the main line returning downfrom Middle to North Peak. We were happy to have ascended each of the five peaks(petals) of Flower Mountain.

By cable car (the longest in Asia), it was just 7 minutes down to the parkentrance. We caught a shuttle bus into town, then transferred to a bus forXian.

Our guides told us that we had walked up and down a total of 4000 stairs!We were glad that we did not have this information when we started. For threedays after returning home, our sore leg muscles instructed us to take theelevator to our fifth floor apartment rather than climbing the stairs.

Welcome to Yueyang Tower, one of the three famous buildings in Jiangnan.Today, I will introduce Yueyang Tower to you as a super tour guide. My name isLuo Ganquan. You can call me Luo Dao or Xiao Luo.

Yueyang Tower is located on the Bank of Dongting Lake with beautifulscenery and long history. Fan Cuyan of Song Dynasty once wrote Yueyang Tower topraise Yueyang Tower.

Yueyang Tower is 21.35 meters high, with four columns and three floors. Itis a pure wood structure without a brick. There are four ridges on the eaves ofeach layer. The first ridge is decorated with lotus flowers and lotus pods, andthe head up is Phoenix; the second layer is the head up tap; the third layer isdecorated with rolled grass, and the head up is Huiwen Ruyi Xiangyun. The roofof Yueyang Tower, especially the helmet of ancient generals, is called helmettop. Because helmet top is very rare in ancient Chinese architecture, it is oneof the important factors that makes Yueyang Tower famous. The whole YueyangTower has made amazing achievements in aesthetics, architecture and technology,so it has enjoyed the reputation of "Yueyang World Tower" since ancienttimes.

In fact, Yueyang Tower is really famous in the world when fan Cuyan wroteYueyang Tower. In the fourth year of Qingli period, Teng Zijing was demoted tobe the magistrate of Yuezhou for being framed. As soon as he took office, he didthree major things: first, he built Yanhong dike to prevent the waves ofDongting Lake; second, he set up county school to cultivate talents; third, herebuilt Yueyang Tower. The scale of the rebuilt Yueyang Tower was verymagnificent, but Teng Zijing knew that it was not enough to rely on its grandeuralone. Teng Zijing immediately thought of Fan Zhongyan, who was the same as TengZijing. Fan Cuyan, like Teng Zijing, was demoted as the magistrate of Dengzhoubecause he was framed. Teng Ziren drew a picture of the autumn evening inDongting and wrote a letter of Qiuji to introduce the momentum and structure ofYueyang Tower. After reading it, Fan Zhongyan finally wrote the famous story ofYueyang Tower, in which "worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later"has become a famous sentence of reincarnation, inspiring generations of futuregenerations to work hard.

All right, everybody can go into the building now. Ladies and gentlemen,the first thing you can see here is Yueyang Tower, which is composed of 12pieces of red sandalwood. It is said that Teng Zijing was overjoyed when hereceived Yueyang Tower. He immediately asked Su Shunqin, the great calligrapherat that time, to write it and Shao song, the famous sculptor, to carve it on awooden plaque. As a result, "Lou, Ji, calligraphy, sculpture" is known as thefour unique. Its a pity that what we see now is not the "four unique plaque".It was destroyed in the fire as early as the reign of emperor Shenzong of theSong Dynasty. The Yueyang Tower here was written by Zhang Zhao, a greatcalligrapher and Minister of the Ministry of punishment in the Qianlong periodof the Qing Dynasty.

Thats all for me. Ill give you 15 minutes to take photos.

各位游客你们好!我是你们这次行程的导游，欢迎你们来到美丽的渤海之滨——天津，下面我为大家介绍一下这座海滨之城。

天津，简称“津”，是我国首都北京的门户，中央直辖市，也是世界第__大城市之一，是北方最大的对外开放的沿海城市。天津的风味小吃很有名头，除了闻名中外的天津狗不理包子、耳朵眼炸糕、十八街麻花这三样外，还有张记果仁、曹记驴肉、石头门坎素包子、芝兰糕干，以及贴饽饽熬小鱼等等特色小吃……

大家吃饱了，喝足了，接下大家跟着我去天津的几个主要景点走走吧!

天津的主要景点有很多，有天后宫、九龙山、水上乐园、东丽湖……我们现在要去的是号称“天眼”的“天津之眼”。它的全称是“永乐桥摩天轮”，是一座跨河建设，桥轮合一的摩天轮，兼具观光和交通功能。是世界上唯一建在桥上的摩天轮。这座摩天轮不但外形美观，而且还能升到35层楼的高度，在上面能看到方圆40公里以内的景致。

现在是晚上七点钟，是观光的最佳时间，下面是大家的自由活动时间，九点钟在这里集合，祝大家玩得开心!

Dear friends,

How do you do! Welcome to south yue hengshan!

Hengshan is one of the famous five mountains in our country, known as"wuyue duoxiu" and "China shouyue". Nanyue is known as "wuyue duxiu", with "xiu"as the main landscape features. As you can see, there are a lot of mountains,trees and trees, clouds and fog, which are "five different views, ten li and twobig days"! The scenery of hengshan is beautiful and numerous, the most famous ofwhich is "hengshan four unique" : the show of Tibetan classics, the deep offangguang temple, the height of zhu rongfeng and the water curtain cave.

As the saying goes, "there are many monks in the world." Hengshan is notonly a scenic mountain, but also a sacred mountain. However, compared with othersacred mountains, hengshan is unique in that it is the coexistence of Buddharoad in the mountains, which is mutually revealing and mutually exclusive.Hengshan ancient Taoist mountains, according to "le chi" records, high inhistory there have been many famous hunan seclusion, such as the western jindynasty period of Taoism on qing sent complete master, Chinas first female monkwei hua monastery Yu Hengshan Huang Tingguan and so on. If Taoism makes hengshanthe moon, Buddhism will make the nan yue a day. Zen Buddhism, in particular, hasbeen derived in the economy, cao cave, the cloud gate, a distraction, weishanback five sects, spread across the country and even overseas regions such asKorea, Japan, known as the "five leaves a flower" doctrines.

Now it is in front of us that the largest temple of the south yue temple insouthern China. The grand temple of nanyue is a collection of ancientarchitectural groups, including the temple of the folk temple, the buddhisttemple, the Taoist temple, and the imperial palace. It is also the largesttemple in the south and the five sacred mountains in China. The existingbuildings in the temple have nine ingot, four courts, eight temples and eightviews, with a depth of 375 meters. Its central axis as the Confucian style,eight Taoist temple, to the east to the west for the eight buddhist temple, likeConfucianism, Taoism and Buddhism three religions coexist in a temple, in thecountry and the world is unique. Now standing in front of you is the firstbuilding of the central axis of the south yue temple -- lattice star gate. Thedoor of the gate with lattice stars, meaning hope talented person prosperous,country prosperous. This is the second building on the central axis of thesouthern yue temple. In the pavilion, the original star of the star of the starof the star, a symbol of chongwen, a lot of the parents of the chans parentsoften brought their children to pray. In the middle of the second courtyard ofthe great temple, the center of the courtyard is the imperial pavilion, which isthe fourth building on the axis of the grand temple. In the pavilion, theemperor kangxi wrote the qing stone tablet. Bypassing the royal pavilion, thisis the fifth building on the axis of the grand temple. "Jiying" is an ancientinstrument used to greet guests from afar. The third courtyard behind the gatewas the main courtyard of the great temple of nanyue, consisting of the imperialpalace, the main hall, the bedchamber and the long corridor, with a total of 58rooms. Through the building of the imperial palace, the hall of the palace oftaihe, which is similar to the imperial palace in Beijing, is the core of thegreat temple -- the main hall. The whole hall is full of views andeverywhere.

Now we come to the valiant ones shrine, the valiant ones shrine is ourcountry construction time is one of the largest and earliest Anti-Japanese Warmemorial, is also the national government in mainland China the only preservedthe memory the large cemetery of martyrs of the war. The zhongling temple wasbuilt in imitation of the mausoleum in nanjing. It was built in the north of thesouth and built with the mountains. It was symmetrical and distinct. It isdivided along the central axis into the memorial, memorial, memorial hall,tribute and the five sections. In this place, the Anti-Japanese War dead in theninth war zone of the kuomintang and the sixth war zone, is the state keycultural relic protection unit.

Friends, this is the front door of the faithful temple. This is made ofgranite stone, is at the top of the white marble stone plaque with the original,chairman of the kuomintang government of hunan province and the ninth theatercommander Sir Hsueh yueh inscribed the "mount the valiant ones shrine" fivegold-filled characters.

Standing at the center of the square, you will surely be attracted to thisbizarre sculpture, which is the seven - seven monument. It was composed of fiveinverted stone shells, a large number of four small, representing the fivepeoples of our country -- han, manchu, Mongolian, hui and Tibetan. Positive andleft and right sides of the sculpture, with white marble build by laying bricksor stones of the "two words, a symbol of the from July 7, 1937, the lugouqiaoincident broke out, the Chinese people is indispensable, of the nationalanti-japanese national outrage.

Now we come to the memorial hall, the third building of the faithfulshrine. In the center of the memorial hall, this white marble stone tablet,which is up to 6 meters high, is inscribed with the inscription of the memorialhall of the south yue zhongling memorial, written by general xue yue, and thehistorical background and history of the building of the temple. The two sidesof the memorial hall are now opened as exhibition rooms, displaying some imagesof the south yue and the Anti-Japanese War.

On the steps, we come to the temple of zhongli and the most importantbuilding, the hall. Hanging above the main entrance of the hall is thegold-plating plaque "loyalty hall", which is the true trace of Chiangkai-shek.

We have now reached the highest peak of the seventy-two peaks of hengshan -zhu rongfeng. Zhu rongfeng is 1290 meters above sea level. Standing here withthe view of the month, will feel the cloud low month close, like the doorgeneral, make the visitor heart and soul, soul travel! Well, after visiting thesummit, your trip to south yue is coming to an end. I hope south yue hengshan -this pearl in the south will leave a good memory for you. Thank you!

Zhuhai Haiquanwan mysterious island, mysterious island theme parkHaiquanwan mysterious island is located in Haiquanwan resort city in the west ofZhuhai, covering an area of about 1 square kilometers. Taking the rare ocean hotspring as the core, it is composed of eight parts: two five-star resort hotels,fishermans Wharf integrating food, entertainment and performance, high-techmodern theater, exciting mysterious island theme park, star service physicalexamination center, fitness club for health, and expansion training camp forelite team. Haiquan Bay mysterious island, the mysterious and strange pirateCastle area of Haiquan Bay mysterious island. The southwest corner of HaiquanBay mysterious island was originally a fishing port, which was later occupied bypirates and became an important supply station and stronghold at sea. After aseries of resistance and repression, the residents of mysterious island finallydefeated the heinous pirates. There were pirate three masted sailboats, PirateSkeleton flags, old-fashioned rifles, rusty knives and powder kegs. Two blackcannons watched the lake in silence, as if ready to fire at any time to attackthe pirates.

Zhuhai mysterious island Haiquan Bay mysterious island dream fairy taleMermaid Lake District colorful and lovely ocean cartoon is the young theme ofmermaid Lake District. The street lights and flagpoles in the whole area aresurrounded by seaweed, like coral pillars on the sea floor. High flagpole, fullof fish flag, slender fish flag is the shape of all kinds of marine fish,floating in the wind, like countless marine fish swimming in the sea. Haiquanwanmysterious island is the birthplace of Haiquanwan mysterious island. Themysterious island is full of mysterious and magical power. The cracks betweennumerous stones and the springs in the land hiss with white steam, as if amysterious force at the foot is flowing everywhere, looking for the passage outof the surface. Under the action of mysterious forces, the huge rocks havebroken away from the conventional massive structure and are growing freely withthis incredible shape and angle.

On the roadside rocks, there are countless devout, frightened, eager andgiant faces, large and small. With the passage of time, the statues of faces arecovered with a thick layer of moss, with a deeper mystery in the blur. The waterscreen movie of Haiquan Bay mysterious island the dreamlike water screen movieof Haiquan Bay mysterious island has a wonderful performance in the inner lakeof fishermans Wharf at the beginning of the Lantern Festival. The spring in thefountain square is a perfect combination of music and laser. Its like a jadeplate with beads falling down. Its exciting.

EDSA, WatG, forrec of Canada, Nihon Sekkei of Japan, Wilson &Associates of America, Inc, hbaand cell of Hong Kong are responsible for theoverall planning and landscape design, architectural design, theme park planningand design, hot spring project and interior decoration design of the resortrespectively.

The 2.7 km long coastal couple Road, more than 200000 square meters of lakewater system and 300000 square meters of green area make the resort maintain aharmonious and perfect ecological environment.

According to statistics, during the Spring Festival, Haiquan Bay received200000 tourists, eight of whom were family tourists.

There is no new years Eve in 20__. Traditionally, it should be the daywhen the whole family gather at home to watch the new year. However, nearly 1000rooms of two five-star hotels in Haiquan Bay are all full. Neptune resort hotelopens on the first day of the year, and tourists cant wait to stay in. From 29to the seventh day of the new year, the opening rate of two hotels in HaiquanBay is 99%.

It was designed by FORREC, a Canadian company that once served for LotteWorld in Korea and Universal Studios. According to the natural beautifulcoastline and natural lake surface, it skillfully integrates a variety ofexciting high-tech amusement equipment with Mediterranean style buildings,forming a passionate lucky Avenue area, a thrilling adventure jungle area, amysterious and treacherous pirate Castle area, a dreamy and fairy tale MermaidLake area and a passionate mysterious island area. It is a large-scale moderntheme park integrating experience, plot, entertainment and interest. It has theworlds advanced amusement equipment, the first catapult "roller coaster" inAsia, the first "vertical limit" in China, more than 100 kinds of amusementprojects, more than 10 kinds of unique and wonderful music and danceperformances in China, and the first theme expansion training camp in China Thejourney is full of adventure and excitement.

Haiquanwan resort, located in the west of Zhuhai, is another masterpiece ofHong Kong CTS International Investment Co., Ltd. (Hong Kong listing Code: 308)after Shenzhen Jinxiu Chinese folk village and window of the world. The initialinvestment is 2.2 billion yuan, covering an area of about 1 square kilometer.Taking the rare ocean hot spring as the core, it is composed of eight parts: twofive-star resort hotels, fishermans Wharf integrating food, entertainment andperformance, high-tech modern theater, exciting mysterious island theme park,star service physical examination center, fitness club for health, and expansiontraining camp for elite team. It was fully opened on January 22, 20__.

在我们的正对面，有三道门，但里面却见到五个房间，这就叫“明三暗五”。现在我们往外走，来到后院，在这里，我们就能看到明三暗五那五个房间了，大家可以数一下，一共五道门，这里是

中国建筑的一个传统的手法，大家在回头看这些石头，都是太湖石，堆积如山，面前有一座桥，是小桥流水，旁边是两个狮子，表示子孙昌盛，千秋万代。

下面的时间留给大家自由活动，大家可以乘坐五大道的观光马车，前往常德道爱梦缘文化艺术博物馆参观楹联和藏头诗，还有河北路的粤唯鲜海鲜酒楼]，是一个能吃的博物馆，在那里

不仅能吃到丰富的海鲜，而且还能欣赏到各个朝代的历史文物，石刻，石像，古代兵器等，请大家保管好自己的财务，注意安全，2个小时后，我们在车上集合。

死，作为人生的一种自然归宿或终结，是人类无法回避、无法解释、无法超越的现实问题。这个另人恐惧、焦虑的现实问题，对于史前时期的原始人类来说，自然是一个无法解释的迷。他们惧怕死亡的降临，以为死亡不过是向另一个世界的过渡，因此丧葬便成为他们在社会生活中的重要大事，并在漫长的历史过程中逐渐形成种.种具有神秘色彩、庄严而隆重的丧葬礼俗，对后世产生了极其深远的影响。

然而，基于灵魂不灭观念和原始道德观念而产生的一种宗教性质的社会习俗，“丧葬”二字并不是一开始就结合在一起的，而是经过了一段漫长的演变过程。

“丧”字在殷商甲骨文中的原意为采桑，后来才被人们借作“丧亡”的“丧”，其意在古代有以下四种说法;一是指失去，二是指死去，三是指尸体，即死者的遗体，四是指哀葬死者的礼仪。

“葬”字在殷商甲骨文中为掩埋死者尸体的象形字，其意是将死者的遗体掩埋在草丛中或者用井字形的棺椁装殓起来加以掩埋。后人以“葬”字指掩埋死者尸体，当渊源于此。

My dear friends,

Welcome to Qufu, the hometown of Confucius.

Confucius had a famous remark: “What a delight to have friends from afar.”Today I am very glad to have an opportunity of making new friends and to be yourtour guide. I wish to thank you for your cooperation and also ready to take yoursuggestions and advice regarding my service.

What we are going to visit now is the Confucius Temple. This temple iswhere sacrifices are offered to Confucius. Work on these structures began duringthe second year after Confucius’s death. The Confucius Temple imitates theimperial palace’s construction. The layout is as follows: There are 5 halls, 1pavilion, 1 altar, and 3 ancestral temples. It is divided into 9 courtyards.Altogether there are 466 rooms, 54 gateways and over 1000 stone tablets andsteles. It covers an area of 21.8 hectares (equals to 327.5 mu) and is over 1kilometers long from north to south. It is magnificent and resplendent andirrespective of the angle from which you enjoy viewing the temple. It iscommensurate with influence and fame of Confucius. As such, it is very rareworld historical treasure.

The Confucius Temple’s first gateway is called Golden Sound and JadeVibration Gateway (金声玉振门), “Golden Sound ” and “Jade Vibration” symbolize thewhole process of playing music in

ancient time. The music starts with the beating of a drum and ends with thestriking of an inverted bell (磬). This means that Confucius’s thoughts are acomprehensiveexpressionssaints’ ideas.

Now we come to the Ling Star Gate. This gate was erected in Ming Dynastyand was rebuilt in 1754. The three characters were written by Emperor Qianlong.The legend has it that there are 28 constellations in the galaxy. The star incharge of culture is called“Ling Star” or “Wenqu Star”. People believe Confuciusis the Ling Star. So they show respect to Confucius is as important as to showrespect to Heaven.

Look at this stone stele on the temple gate’s eastern wall. It is writtenon the stele that “officials should dismount here.” In the past, the civil andmilitary officials and people in the street were required to get off from theirhorses or sedan chairs and walk on foot when they passed by the Temple to showtheir reverence for Confucius and his temple.

We are now entering the Dacheng Gate (大成门). The Temple of Confucius isdivided into three layouts from here. The middle gate is the Dacheng Gate; thetwo beside the Dacheng Gate are the Golden Sound Gate on the left and JadeVibration Gate on the right. The one on farther western side is the Qisheng Gate(启圣门) and the one on

farther eastern side is the Chengsheng Gate (承圣门).

This is the main hall of the Temple of Confucius. Dacheng Hall, togetherwith the Forbidden City’s Hall of Supreme Harmony and Daimiao Temple’s TiankuangHall (天贶殿) in Tai’an city (泰安) are called the three greatest halls in China or“the Three Greatest Halls in the East”. This hall is 24.8 meters high, 45.78meters wide and 24.8 meters deep. It is surrounded by 28 dragon columns carvedout of whole blocks of stone. The 10 columns in front are deep relief sculpturesand the others are shallow ones. They are made with exquisite technique and aretreasures of the whole world. Carved on each column are two dragons twisting andflying. They are made true to life and are completely different from each other.The birthday of Confucius is on September 28th and grand commemorationactivities are held here in which people pay homage to Confucius. During thefestival, music and dancing are performed and visitors from home and abroadswarm to Qufu. Various cultural and tour activities are rich and colorful andyou’re welcome to attend this festival and enjoy yourselves in this world-famousevent.

Distinguished guests

Hello everyone! Welcome to Fuzhou.

Im __, the tour guide of China Travel Agency. Next to me is Ma Shifu, whois experienced in driving. Today and tomorrow, we are going to spend the trip inFuzhou with you. I wish you have a good time, eat at ease and sleep at ease.Its a great honor to accompany you to Gushan, the most famous touristattraction in Fuzhou, which is known as "Fujian mountain first".

With an altitude of 969 meters and an area of 1890 hectares, Gushan standsin the eastern suburb of Rongcheng and on the North Bank of Minjiang River.GUSHAN is one of the top ten scenic spots in Fujian Province and also a nationalscenic spot. As early as more than 1000 years ago, it has been famous. LangGuoPu, the Shangshu of the Western Jin Dynasty, praised "Zuoqi (mountain) andYougu (mountain) as the two best in Fujian" in the book of moving cities. It isnamed Gushan because there is a huge stone like a drum at the top of themountain. Whenever there is wind and rain, there will be a sound of turbulence.There are three ways to climb Gushan Mountain from the Piedmont courtyard: oneis from the east side of the courtyard, which was built in 1954. The second isto build an aerial cableway (cable car) on the west side of the courtyard toreach the 18 scenic spots of Gushan, which is more than 1000 meters long; thethird is to build an ancient stone step road between the highway and thecableway, which is 3 meters long. It is 5 km long and has 2145 steps. A pavilionis built every 500 meters or so for tourists to rest on the mountain. Theancient road is zigzag and winding up. After passing through the sevenpavilions, you can enter the mountain gate to Yongquan temple. With Yongquantemple as the center, Gushan Scenic Spot is divided into four roads, East, West,North and south, with more than 160 sceneries.

Color is more intense, and more people know and love it. Therefore, Gushancliff stone carvings can be seen everywhere, about 549. Since the Song Dynasty,famous poets have chiseled various types of stone carvings in Jueming, Lingyuancave, Baiyun cave, relic cave, 18 scenes of Damo and the rocks beside theancient road. Among them, more than 300 are carved near Lingyuan cave, which isalso the place with the most cliff carvings. Among them are the handwriting ofCAI Xiang, Li Gang, Zhao Ruyu and Zhu Xi, the great calligraphers of the SongDynasty, and Guo Moruo, a modern man. The natural "forest of Steles" of sealscript, Li script, Kai script, Xing script and Cao, which are gathered by thesefamous people, are really dazzling. GUSHAN is also a rare Calligraphy Gallery inChina. It is like a natural treasure house of stone calligraphy, so it is called"southeast forest of Steles".

There are four characters in front of the stone arch "deep in the spiritsource". After entering the stone gate, more than 60 steps down the cliff,Lingyuan cave, where we are now, belongs to the valley in valley terrain ingeography. It has different mountains and strange rocks. There is a deep streambetween the two peaks, about 3 meters wide and more than two feet deep. It islike a stone cave, which is called Lingyuan cave. In summer, it is a naturalair-conditioned room, very comfortable. For this reason, a famous person in theSong Dynasty, who was greedy for the beautiful scenery here, forgot the time togo home and left behind the words "forget to return stone". Who is this man?Lets look ahead. The three big red characters "forget to return stone" in theforeword are mentioned by Cai Xiang, a great calligrapher of Song Dynasty. CaiXiang is a famous statesman and calligrapher in the Northern Song Dynasty. Hewas born in Xianyou, Fujian Province. He was smart and studious when he wasyoung. He became a scholar when he was 18 years old. Since then, he has enteredan official career. He is honest, upright and selfless. He has done a lot ofgood things for the people and won the support of the people. It can be seenfrom this picture that in 1045, Cai Xiang was appointed as Zhizhou in Fuzhou foronly one year. He came to Gushan with Guo Shiji, Su caiweng and Shao Yihua.Because of the mountain beauty, forget time, so leave "forget stone" threewords. Cai Xiang is versatile, and his articles and calligraphy are very good.His "tea record" and "litchi manual" are the earliest agricultural Monographs inChina. However, Cai Xiangs greatest influence on later generations is hiscalligraphy, which has been highly appraised in the past dynasties. Latergenerations call him, Su Dongpo, Mi Fu and Huang Tingjin the four greatestcalligraphers of the Song Dynasty. Cai Xiang is a versatile calligrapher,

As far as Cai Xiangs regular script is concerned, critics think that CaiXiangs regular script is deeply influenced by Tang Yan style. If you see YanZhenqings regular script in his later period, it is not difficult to find thattheir regular script is quite close, both of them are strong, majestic, squareand full. On the basis of absorbing the characteristics of strong and majesticface and square and full body, Cai Xiang wrote his words with great strength andelegant posture. Therefore, Cai Xiangs regular script has a "dignified andcalm" style.

Please look at the cliff of Maitreya Pavilion on your left hand. ShiYuanchang wrote "drinking water rock" in 1061. There is a little legend aboutthese three words that Lingquan never returns after drinking. It is said thatthe founder of Yongquan temple, Shen Yan, chanted here in ancient times. Becauseof the noise of the running water under the stream, he gave a loud drink to stopthe running water. Since then, the stream has changed its way to the East, andthe stream here has dried up. Where is the stream now? I will take you to findthe spring later. For example, Xu Xizhi, a scholar of the Song Dynasty, thoughtthat "when the mountains are heavy and the mountains are complex, the lock isloose, and only when the spring is seated, I would not drink water from othermountains if I were a waiter." Even Yu Dafu, a modern writer, has left a"strange impression that he is lively and never comes back to the source ofwater for thousands of years." Some people think that there should be no waterhere, while others think that it is better to have no water. If you look up,will those four characters make us have endless memories? In addition, there areink marks left by Lin Gongji, Yan Du, sun Jue, Wei Jie and other people in SongDynasty. All kinds of calligraphy styles have their own charm for you toenjoy.

The Butterfly Spring in Yangshuo is located in the essence of the "ten LiGallery" in Yangshuo Moon Mountain scenic area. It has the only originalsuspension bridge in Yangshuo, the waterfall of the mountain music stream, thebirds view of Yangshuos "Dragon River" and Yangjiao mountain. The best scenicspots, honeybee Gardens, Butterfly Gardens, the largest butterfly garden inChina, and other ballet are also known as "ballet" on the rock wall. Dance "--the most fashionable outdoor sports of rock climbing and the live performance ofLiangzhu song and dance let you get rid of the noise and return to nature.

The main scenic spots in butterfly spring park are: Butterfly cave,butterfly mountain waterfall, butterfly bridge, beautiful scenery of butterflymountain, butterfly edge, bee edge, butterfly Pavilion, etc. In butterflyspring, in addition to the idyllic scenery of Yangshuo, you can also see thelocal style performance, bee training skills and free taste of wild honey.

Especially worth mentioning is the butterfly edge in the garden. Atpresent, it is the largest butterfly garden in China, with colorful butterfliesdancing among thousands of trees. As long as you walk into the edge ofbutterflies, you cant help but "look for flowers and ask for willows, attractwind and provoke butterflies", and experience the feeling of "dancing withbutterflies and butterflies". When you climb to the top of Dieshan mountain, youwill arrive at the best place to overlook the idyllic scenery of Yangshuo,either the clear sky, or the misty rain, or the curl of cooking smoke risingfrom the mountain village covered with mist under the setting sun.

鸦片战争博物馆(虎门林则徐纪念馆、海战博物馆，三个馆名一套班子)，坐落于广东省东莞市虎门，是纪念性和遗址性相结合的专题博物馆，管理的林则徐销烟池与虎门炮台旧址是全国重点文物保护单位，是鸦片战争时期的历史见证，管理面积约80万平方米。

鸦片战争博物馆始建于1957年，建馆初期馆名为“林则徐纪念馆”，1972年更名为“鸦片战争虎门人民抗英纪念馆”，1985年重新定名为“虎门林则徐纪念馆”，为利于对鸦片战争遗址的管理，又增加一个馆名——鸦片战争博物馆。1987年7月和1988年1月先后成立沙角炮台管理所和威远炮台管理所，分别管理沙角和威远岛诸炮台遗址。1999年12月，海战博物馆正式对外开放。

鸦片战争博物馆负责收藏、研究、陈列林则徐销烟与鸦片战争文物史料，保护林则徐销烟池与虎门炮台旧址及有关文物，利用这些文物资料向广大观众进行爱国主义宣传教育。

鸦片战争博物馆的基本陈列是《虎门销烟》、《鸦片战争海战陈列》。

虎门林则徐纪念馆位于虎门镇口社区，管理的销烟池旧址是1839年林则徐销毁英美鸦片的历史遗存。具有炮台神韵的门楼、陈列大楼，抗英群雕、林则徐铜像、虎门销化鸦片纪念碑、抗英大炮等，共同营造了浓郁的历史氛围。

由亲笔题写馆名的“海战博物馆”，位于虎门镇南面社区，由陈列大楼、宣誓广场、观海长堤等组成纪念群体。基本陈列《鸦片战争海战陈列》被评为“20xx年度全国十大精品陈列之最佳形式设计奖”。《虎门海战半景画》，采用艺术与声、光相结合的现代展示手法，具有强烈的艺术表现力和感染力。《全国禁毒教育展览》是青少年禁毒教育的重要课堂，海战博物馆被列为全国禁毒教育基地之一。

沙角炮台管理所管理的炮台旧址位于虎门镇沙角社区，保存完好并对外开放的有沙角门楼、濒海台、临高台、捕鱼台、节兵义坟、林公则徐纪念碑、功劳炮、克虏伯大炮等文物遗存。沙角炮台是扼守珠江口的重要要塞，依山傍海，景色秀丽。

威远炮台管理所管理的炮台旧址位于虎门威远岛南面社区，包括威远、镇远、靖远、南山顶、蛇头湾、鹅夷等炮台，这些炮台构成立体的海防防御体系，被誉为“南方海上长城”。

多年来，鸦片战争博物馆在上级主管部门的正确领导和大力支持下，坚持贯彻“保护为主、抢救第一、合理利用、加强管理”文物工作方针，努力做好文物保护工作，充分利用文物资源开展爱国主义教育，每年接待国内外观众超过400万人次。等70多位党和国家领导人先后到该馆视察。1996年，中央六部委(国家教委、民政部、文化部、国家文物局、共青团中央、解放军总政治部)公布该馆为“全国爱国主义教育基地”;1997年，中宣部公布该馆为“全国爱国主义教育示范基地”;20xx年1月被国家旅游局评为“国家级AAAA旅游景区”;20xx年7月被中宣部、民政部、人事部、文化部评为“全国爱国主义教育示范基地先进单位”。

Today, we come to Datong, Shanxi Province. Its said that Datongs noodlesare very famous. They are as fast as flying knives. Ah! I cant wait to have atry. When I come to the restaurant, I have performances and experiences. I sawin front of the table, a master skillfully grabbed a handful of dry flour fromthe nearby basin and spread it evenly on the wooden table. Then, he picked up aboard with flour on it, and used a small stainless steel razor to cut itquickly. The strips of noodles he cut off are called "sliced noodles". Thesliced noodles are really like the eight monsters in Shanxi. They are really asfast as flying knives. Its not only fast, but also the descending speed has asense of rhythm. They all go up first, then go in, slowly descend, and finallyfly to the edge of the platform. I looked at it myself and was stunned. Thosenoodles are not only the same speed, but also the same thickness.

"Pa" sound, I feel something fell on my head, a touch, ah! Its noodles."Children, please dont put your head in it." Im still wondering. I suddenlythink of the head of the noodles, a look. So my head is on the table! After awhile, when the dough is only half, the master stops. I was in a daze. I didntknow what he wanted to do. Then, the others began to line up. I suddenlyunderstand, from the middle of the team into, and then squeezed out, and back tothe end of the team. I stick my tongue out and wait. When I arrived, I coollyrolled up my short sleeve sleeve, took a deep breath, and then picked up therazor and the board, ready to show you. But its much harder than I thought.

I didnt know how to shave with a razor. Then I scratched my head andremembered that the noodles were cut like fruit, but I forgot whether to cut upor down. So I thought: sliced noodles fall from top to bottom, that should beupward slicing! So I began to upward slicing. The first time the noodles fell infront of me, I was very proud; the second time the noodles fell; the third timeI was unlucky, the noodles didnt know where to fly. At this time, my cousinbegan to laugh. I was a little confused and had an ominous premonition. Iusually feel my head when I think about a problem. I feel it Ah! I cried. Itfell on my head again. I just didnt wipe it. The noodles piled up on my head. Iwipe the face off with a tissue and try to cut it down. I made it this time. Imvery happy. Ah! How fun it is to make noodles!

Hello, everyone. Im your guide. In the next few days, you can just call meseason guide. First of all, welcome to this beautiful and magnificent temple ofheaven! Today we mainly visit the Qigu altar, Qinian hall, Yuanqiu altar,zhaigong and other places of interest. When visiting, please throw the garbageinto the dustbin, or carry plastic bags, strive to be civilized tourists!

In fact, the temple of heaven is the place for the Ming and Qing emperorsto "worship heaven" and "pray for the valley", which is located in the east ofZhengyang gate. The altar is round in the north and square in the south, whichmeans "round heaven and round place". Neitan, where we are now, is divided intoNorth and south parts. Tourists, look at the building in the north. Its called"Qigu altar". It is said that in the Qing and Ming Dynasties, because theproductivity was very low at that time and the harvest was controlled by God, aspecial "grain praying altar" was built in the north to pray for a good harvest.Every year, the emperor prayed to God in spring to give the world a goodharvest.

Please follow me. We are now at the "Hall of praying for new year" in thecenter of the inner altar. It is located on a three story round stone platformtomb. It is a round hall with triple eaves, 38 meters high and 30 meters indiameter. The three halls have dark blue glazed tiles, which are reduced layerby layer and radiate in shape. The top is crowned with a huge gilded top. Thishall has great artistic value in architecture and modeling. The white platformsymbolizes white clouds, the dark blue ceiling symbolizes the sky, and thepillars, colored paintings and gilded ceiling symbolize the rosy clouds. All ofthese make a beautiful shape of blue sky and jade world.

Tourists, look at this magnificent building in the south, the "round MoundAltar", which is specially used to worship heaven on the winter solstice. Thecentral building is a huge round stone platform called "round mound". The totallength between the two altars is 360 meters, which is higher than the groundcorridor. The Danbi bridge is connected to form a 1200 meter long north-southaxis of the temple of heaven, with a large area of ancient Berlin on bothsides.

Through the corridor, we see the building is the "Zhai Palace" on the southside of the west gate. It is said to be the residence of the emperor duringfasting before praying. "Zhaigong" also got its name.

After listening to my introduction, you must want to enjoy the beautifulscenery of the temple of heaven carefully, take photos and leave a message. Thefollowing time is for you, you have enough time to swim. One hour later, we arestill gathering here. I hope you will observe the time and keep the gardenclean. See you later!

Have you even been to Hong kong ? This summer holiday, I had travelled toHong Kong with many other students. We went to Hong Kong by plane. Hong Kong isvery small, but there are many people living there.

In Hong Kong, all of the buildings are very tall. There are lots of shopsthere and you can go shopping until about 11:00 at night. In Hong Kong, thingsare very expensive, so we only bought a few souvenirs.

We went to lots of places, such as the Avenue of Stars and Ocean Park. Ilike Ocean Park best. The park is very big. Sitting in the cable car, you cansee two hills, lots of different flowers and the sea. Some students were afraidof sitting in the cable car!

We stayed in the Shu Ren College. There are many big trees around it. Wehad meals in the restaurants, but I didn’t like the food.

Hong Kong is very beautiful. I like Hong Kong and I hope to go there againsome day.

新馆位于郑州市农业路中段，占地10余万平方米，建筑面积7.8万平方米，累计投资近3亿元人民币，历时5年建成。主体展馆位于院区中央，呈金字塔形，后为文物库房，四隅分布有电教楼、综合服务楼、办公楼、培训楼等。整体建筑结构严谨、气势宏伟，造型古朴典雅，具有独特的艺术风格，同时也体现了中原文化的特点。

河南博物院包括广场、序幕大厅、基本陈列馆、专题陈列馆、临时陈列馆、文物库房、学术报告厅、电教楼、观众参与和娱乐厅、观众餐饮茶座、观众休息厅、贵宾接待、河南博物馆室、纪念品商场、广播室、计算机中心、文物保护中心，图书资料馆和培训服务楼等部分。建筑群外部还设计有40%左右的园林绿地，形成“馆中园、园中馆”的优美格局。

主展馆主体建筑以元代古观星台(中国现存最早的天文台遗址，位于河南登封)为原型，经艺术夸张演绎成“戴冠的金字塔”造型，其底部为长63米的正方形，高45.5米，内部设计五层，其中地下一层。冠部为方斗形，上扬下覆，取上承“甘露”、下纳“地气”之意，寓意中原为华夏之源，融汇四方。外部墙面为土黄褐色，取中原“黄土”“黄河”孕育了华夏文明之意，主馆正面从上至下有浅蓝色的透明窗与自上而下的透明采光带，具有“黄河之水天上来”的磅礴气势。

主馆后为文物库房。整个建筑群设计以雄浑博大的“中原之气”为核心，线条简洁遒劲，造型新颖别致，风格独特，气势恢宏。