博物馆导游词英语(20篇)

My dear friends,

Welcome to Qufu, the hometown of Confucius.

Confucius had a famous remark: “What a delight to have friends from afar.”Today I am very glad to have an opportunity of making new friends and to be yourtour guide. I wish to thank you for your cooperation and also ready to take yoursuggestions and advice regarding my service.

What we are going to visit now is the Confucius Temple. This temple iswhere sacrifices are offered to Confucius. Work on these structures began duringthe second year after Confucius’s death. The Confucius Temple imitates theimperial palace’s construction. The layout is as follows: There are 5 halls, 1pavilion, 1 altar, and 3 ancestral temples. It is divided into 9 courtyards.Altogether there are 466 rooms, 54 gateways and over 1000 stone tablets andsteles. It covers an area of 21.8 hectares (equals to 327.5 mu) and is over 1kilometers long from north to south. It is magnificent and resplendent andirrespective of the angle from which you enjoy viewing the temple. It iscommensurate with influence and fame of Confucius. As such, it is very rareworld historical treasure.

The Confucius Temple’s first gateway is called Golden Sound and JadeVibration Gateway (金声玉振门), “Golden Sound ” and “Jade Vibration” symbolize thewhole process of playing music in

ancient time. The music starts with the beating of a drum and ends with thestriking of an inverted bell (磬). This means that Confucius’s thoughts are acomprehensiveexpressionssaints’ ideas.

Now we come to the Ling Star Gate. This gate was erected in Ming Dynastyand was rebuilt in 1754. The three characters were written by Emperor Qianlong.The legend has it that there are 28 constellations in the galaxy. The star incharge of culture is called“Ling Star” or “Wenqu Star”. People believe Confuciusis the Ling Star. So they show respect to Confucius is as important as to showrespect to Heaven.

Look at this stone stele on the temple gate’s eastern wall. It is writtenon the stele that “officials should dismount here.” In the past, the civil andmilitary officials and people in the street were required to get off from theirhorses or sedan chairs and walk on foot when they passed by the Temple to showtheir reverence for Confucius and his temple.

We are now entering the Dacheng Gate (大成门). The Temple of Confucius isdivided into three layouts from here. The middle gate is the Dacheng Gate; thetwo beside the Dacheng Gate are the Golden Sound Gate on the left and JadeVibration Gate on the right. The one on farther western side is the Qisheng Gate(启圣门) and the one on

farther eastern side is the Chengsheng Gate (承圣门).

This is the main hall of the Temple of Confucius. Dacheng Hall, togetherwith the Forbidden City’s Hall of Supreme Harmony and Daimiao Temple’s TiankuangHall (天贶殿) in Tai’an city (泰安) are called the three greatest halls in China or“the Three Greatest Halls in the East”. This hall is 24.8 meters high, 45.78meters wide and 24.8 meters deep. It is surrounded by 28 dragon columns carvedout of whole blocks of stone. The 10 columns in front are deep relief sculpturesand the others are shallow ones. They are made with exquisite technique and aretreasures of the whole world. Carved on each column are two dragons twisting andflying. They are made true to life and are completely different from each other.The birthday of Confucius is on September 28th and grand commemorationactivities are held here in which people pay homage to Confucius. During thefestival, music and dancing are performed and visitors from home and abroadswarm to Qufu. Various cultural and tour activities are rich and colorful andyou’re welcome to attend this festival and enjoy yourselves in this world-famousevent.

One of the nanming district, guiyang city. Is located in the northeast ofyunnan-guizhou plateau, is one of the center of the guizhou provincial capitalguiyang city, provincial party committee office, the province, the cityspolitical, economic, culture, science and technology and education center, theprovince of the construction of the first top ten economic county, the province,the citys important transport hub, communication hub and tourist resort.

(have underground park) south park, located in the southwest too CiQiaostreet agency headquarters about 2.5 km car river, is found when the shelter wasdug in 1965 to an underground cave (called a white dragon hole). Hole 578 meterslong, 3 meters wide, hole 6-10 meters high. Hole with the present situation ofall kinds of stalactites, stalagmites, stone pillars, stone curtain, stone bell,rock flowers, enough became a beautiful picture. Scenic mountain water-erodedcave outside the car river, into the shadow of the trees, lotus bay, cool andrefreshing fountain, flower beds and other scenic spots, beautiful quiet,Chinese mountain, mountain mountain climbing mountain city panoramic view. Southpark is a "garden on the ground, underground palace", is far away from the cityblatant, fortification people looking for a peaceful and leisure resort. Empresstemple at the beginning of qing jiaqing (1796), guiyang magistrate yu cheng inthe house (hall) the right to establish an empress temple (now refers to thestreet, 17). Temple is said to have plastic one empress in his arms the statueof the child, not a son of the woman, and then carry the eggs to the sacredofferings, for a son next year. Therefore, respect for people a lot, especiallyat holiday is very busy. Wang Boquns former residence is a provincial-levelcultural relics protection units.

Wang Boqun (1885 a 1944), an anthology, the word "group. Born this QianXiNabuyi and miao autonomous prefecture, xingyi five town, under scene home village.Early years studying in Japan, after returning to the protecting movement, asthe nation sports backbone molecules. Served as the KMT central committee, thenational government transport minister and headmaster of jiaotong university. 17years of the republic of China (1928) to create a private summer "university",then chairman and President, the Anti-Japanese War broke out, the building ofuniversity and moved to guiyang, Wang Boqun back to guizhou, summer leadershipin exile. Died in 1944 in chongqing. South hall is a scenic resort during theAnti-Japanese War of guiyang, address in guiyang city, nanming river southeastof the deepest river, because of the quiet environment, pleasant scenery andfamous. Fairy cave, ancient fairy cave, located in guiyang city dongshan afterabout 500 meters of shuikou temple hill, fairy cave is one of the places ofhistoric interest in guiyang city is earlier.

Zhanjiang Mangrove National Nature Reserve is located in Zhanjiang City,Guangdong Province, covering an area of 19000 hectares. It was established withthe approval of the peoples Government of Guangdong Province in 1990 andpromoted to the national level in 1997. The main protected object is mangroveecosystem.

The nature reserve is located in Leizhou Peninsula. Affected by thetropical marine climate, there are a large area of mangrove vegetationdistributed on the coastal beach. There are 12 families, 16 genera and 17species of mangrove plants in the reserve, which is the area with the mostmangrove species in China except Hainan Island.

In addition, the reserve has a large number and variety of cranes, storks,herons and other waterfowl and other wetland animals. According to preliminarystatistics, there are 82 species of birds alone, including 38 species ofresident birds and 44 species of migratory birds. The reserve is the largestexisting Mangrove Nature Reserve in China.

馆区内绿荫掩映，综合陈列馆、楚文化馆、编钟馆等高台基、宽屋檐、大坡面屋顶的仿古建筑三足鼎立， 构成一个硕大无朋的“品”字。其总体布局高度体现了楚国建筑的中轴对称、“一台一殿”、“多台成组”、“多组成群”的高台建筑布局格式。整个建筑风格突出了楚国多层宽屋檐、大坡式屋顶等楚式建筑特点，建筑外墙为浅灰色花岗石装饰，屋面采用深蓝灰色琉璃瓦铺装。室外环境按景观式、园林式的特点进行布局，通过雕塑小品、休息庭院、园林绿化、配套的综合服务设施等形式，营造出与博物馆主体建筑和谐配套和浓郁的历史文化氛围，给观众提供一个休闲、舒适、幽雅、公园式的室外游览空间。是风景秀丽的东湖之滨的一颗灿烂的明珠，也是武汉市一座光彩夺目的标志性建筑和对外开放的一大精品名牌景观。丰富并且有着地方特色的珍贵藏品和不断取得的科研成果，以及在中外文化交流中的显著成就，使本馆在海内外享有一定声誉。世界上最庞大的青铜乐器曾侯乙编钟、中国冷兵器时代的翘楚之作越王勾践剑、地质年代早于北京人的郧县人头骨化石等，都在中国古代文化发展史上具有极其重要的地位，有着极高的历史、文化和科学价值，并具有世界意义。

湖北省博物馆举办有《楚文化展》、《郧县人——长江中游的远古人类》、《屈家岭——长江中游的史前文化》、《盘龙城——长江中游的青铜文明》、《曾侯乙墓》、《九连墩纪事》、《书写历史——战国秦汉简续》、《秦汉漆器艺术》、《梁在王墓——郑和时代的瑰宝》、《土与火的艺术——古代瓷器专题展》、《荆楚百年英杰》等十多个展览，以其精美丰富的展品、精良的陈列布局、浓厚的文化氛围和宜人的观赏环境，向观众介绍湖北地区悠久的历史和灿烂的文化，深受海内外游人欢迎。每年接待观众达十几万人次，成为我省重要的青少年爱国主义教育基地和对外开放窗口，党和国家领导人等曾给予高度评价，国际友人基辛格等曾多次来馆参观，留连忘返。

迄今，湖北省博物馆总占地面积达 81909平方米，建筑面积49611平方米，展厅面积13427平方米，馆藏文物20万余件(套)，其中一级文物近千余件(套)，位居全国省级博物馆前列。

湖北省文物考古研究所于1989年自湖北省博物馆分离，成为隶属于湖北省文化厅的独立法人单位，具备国家文物局认可的考古发掘团体领队资格，在湖北省文化厅(文物局)的领导下，主要担负湖北省境内的文物保护、考古发掘、文物建筑保护设计维修等项工作，承担配合大、中型基本建设的文物保护与考古调查、勘探、发掘任务，组织编写考古报告，开展科学研究。自考古所成立以来，一直把配合大、中型基本建设工程的文物保护与考古发掘工作放在首位，十多年来，相继和正在完成配合三峡水利枢纽工程、(北)京九(龙)、合(肥)九(江)、焦(作)柳(州)、长(江埠)荆(门)、西(安)南(京)等项铁路工程;(北)京珠(海)、黄(石)黄(梅)、襄(樊)十(堰)、襄(樊)荆(州)等项高速公路工程;清江高坝洲、隔河岩、水埠垭等项水库工程的文物保护与考古发掘工作，取得了很大的成绩。目前，配合南水北调工程的文物保护工作正在紧张进行。

20xx年10月馆所合并，对外两块牌子，对内一套班子。属全民事业单位。主要部门16个：其中湖北省博物馆业务部门有社教部、保管部、陈列部、文保中心，湖北省文物考古研究所业务部门有史前考古部、历史时期考古部、地上文物研究室、信息中心、考古协调部，综合部门有办公室、人事部、财务科、保卫部、后勤部、基建办、市场部。

洛阳古墓博物馆就位于邙山乡冢头村，占地近3万平方米，建筑面积7600平方米，由一组仿汉代建筑群和一组仿北魏建筑群组成，规模宏大，古朴典雅。洛阳古墓博物馆旅游景点介绍之概况,洛阳是历史文化名城，是中国七大古都之一。历代帝王和达官显贵多埋葬在洛阳一带，特别是洛阳城北的邙山，因埋葬东汉皇帝而遐迩闻名，成为中国古代最负盛名的墓地。此后，西晋、北魏皇家陵园均建其上，墓冢垒垒，星罗棋布，十分壮观。

博物馆复原历代典型古墓葬二十三座，上自西汉，下迄北宋，其中包括了著名的西汉“打鬼图”壁画墓。其典型墓葬有西汉中后期贵族卜千秋壁画墓，壁画为卜千秋夫妇乘蛇(小龙)和三头凰在西王母信使持节仙翁(方士)、仙女和虺龙、枭羊、朱雀、白虎等神兽护卫下在空中飞升的情景。东汉出行图壁画墓表现墓主人生前出行的宏大场面，有车骑一百多乘。另外还有正始八年墓、北魏孝文帝之孙清河王元怿第二子常山王元劭墓、南平王元玮墓、唐代定国大将军安菩夫妇墓等。

自古有“北邙山头少闲土，尽是洛阳人旧墓”之说的洛阳北邙山及周边地区，历代古墓葬 星罗棋布，在此基础上应运而的的专题性博物馆——洛阳古墓博物馆，其面积之大、风格之别致、收集古墓年代之久、类型及数量之多均属世界首位，是中国一大绝观。因此，洛阳古墓博物馆又是我国目前最大的古墓博物馆之一，同时也成为目前世界上第一座古墓博物馆。

洛阳古代艺术博物馆原名洛阳古墓博物馆，占地面积130余亩，洛阳古代艺术博物馆洛建筑面积8200余平方米，由一组仿汉代建筑群和一组仿北魏建筑群组成，整个地面建筑之间，广植花草树木，间设假山水池，堪称公园。

Hello, everyone!

Welcome to the Baiyu mountain scenic spot in Lushun. It is one of the topten scenic spots in Dalian.

In the sixth year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, Li Hongzhang accompaniedPrince Chun, the father of Emperor Guangxu, to inspect Lushun. He said thatthere was golden mountain in Lushun,

There should also be Baiyu mountain. From then on, it was named "Baiyumountain". Baiyu mountain is located in the center of Lushun city. It is closeto the coast and has pleasant scenery. There is south

The two roads circle the mountain. On the east slope of the mountain, thereis a 496 step concrete staircase leading to the top of the mountain. Along theway, there are pavilions for visitors to rest. On the south foot, there areaerial Cableways leading to the top of the mountain. At the top of the mountainare the Baiyushan tower, the TV Tower as high as 110 meters and the NavalWeapons Museum. Baiyushan is also the dividing line between the old and newurban areas in Lushun, with the old urban area in the East and the new urbanarea in the West. Standing on the top of the mountain or climbing on the Baiyumountain tower, you can enjoy the scenery of Lushun city. Whats more, its thebest place to watch the Lushun entrance, the East and West ports and the tigertail peninsula. Overlooking the Lushun Port and the entrance, which is one ofthe five military ports in the world in ancient times, is a great pleasure tovisit. Climbing Baiyu mountain, standing in a dangerous position, looking atthousands of ocean, looking at the distance between the tiger and the river, itwill be very impressive. Our beloved Premier Zhou has climbed Mount Baiyutwice.

At this moment, the world-famous military port of Lushun is in front of us.Lushun military port is located in the southwest of Liaodong Peninsula and theNorth Bank of the Yellow Sea. Its terrain is made up of nature, and the narrowwaterway in the middle connects with the open sea, which is also the channel forwarships to enter and leave. The port opens to the southeast, the East is themajestic Gold Mountain, the west side is the tiger tail Peninsula, and thesouthwest is the lofty old fellow iron mountain. It is known as "the wonder ofthe world". Look! That crooked dry beach looks like a tigers tail! I dontunderstand. Do you remember the legend I told yesterday when I was at the tigerbeach? It was a man named Shicao who fought with the tiger, grabbed the tigerstail and swung it to Lushun! Now this one in front of us is the incarnation ofthe tigers tail!

From there, we can see southwest, the highest mountain is old fellow ironmountain, 466 meters above sea level. The remotest corners of the globe oldfellow Huang Bo and the two seas of the old fellow iron mountain. The old ironmountain has a prominent headland that extends straight into the sea. Thiscorner is the boundary of Huang Haihe Bohai and the end of the Northeast Chinasmainland. So it is also called the "ends of the earth" in the northeast. Infront of the corner of the mountain, the Yellow Sea is bluer, and the Bohai Seais slightly yellow. In the middle, there is a "clear cut" intersection line,which is the boundary between the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea. Chinas oldfellow Bohai has "Cape of Good Hope" as its "old fellow".

Now, lets look back at this white pagoda on the mountain. Its calledBaiyushan pagoda. Its a criminal evidence of Japans war of aggression againstChina. Then, why did the Japanese invaders build such a tower here? Because inthe Russo Japanese War, in order to reduce the Japanese peoples weariness ofwar, the Japanese army built a memorial tower for the war dead, in order todeceive the Japanese people and beautify the war of aggression. In 19__, theyfirst built the Nagu Temple of Baiyushan shrine, where more than 20000 boxes ofJapanese ashes were stored. The construction of this tower started in 19__ andwas completed in 19__. It took two years and five months. The height of thetower is 66.8 meters. It is just in front of Nagu temple. It looks like aburning candle. They want this burning candle to shine on the souls of Japanesesoldiers who died in the war forever. At the same time, it was also like ashell, which was used to show the great achievements of the Japanese Empire. Atthat time, it was called "biaozhong tower". The bronze inscriptions signed byJapanese Navy commander Toshio Hirao and army commander naimu Mingdian in Lushunare set in the north of the top of the tower, which records the generalsituation of the Russo Japanese war in Lushun. It is said that this inscriptionwas used in Japanese primary school textbooks. In order to build the tower, theJapanese army recruited more than 20000 Chinese migrant workers, many of whomwere tortured and disabled to death. After liberation, the Nagu Temple of Baiyushrine was destroyed during the cultural revolution. At the moment, the towerwas retained as a criminal evidence of Japans invasion of China, and wasrenamed "Baiyushan tower" in 1985.

Now youre free to watch~

According to folklore, in ancient times, Emperor Yan, the first ancestor ofChina, went to the south to visit and treat peoples diseases. He mistakenlytasted heartbroken grass and died. After the death of Emperor Yan, the mournersdecided to bury him more than 100 Li to the south of the river, which is nearthe hot spring by the Zishui River in Zixing City, because it is the place wherethe sun sets on the ninth day, and the underground water is hot. Emperor Yanbelongs to fire and should be buried here. So they carried Yan Emperors coffinwith wooden rafts, which were pulled up the river by 36 strong men.Unexpectedly, when the wooden rafts arrived at Bailuyuan (now luyuanpi, LuyuanTown, Yanling County), the rocks suddenly collapsed, the waves were surging, andthe wooden rafts overturned. Yan Emperors coffin sank into a stone crevice onthe bank when it was tan. Later generations set up a monument to replace thetomb here.

According to historical records, the Shennong clan of Yan Emperor was theleader of the Jiang clan in the ancient times. It was born in the Neolithicperiod, with the upper limit of 10000 years and the lower limit of 4800 yearsago. Emperor Yan Shennong, the founder of Chinese farming culture, made greatcontributions to the rise and development of the Chinese nation. He began towork as a Lei fan and taught the people to cultivate; he tasted all kinds ofherbs and invented medicine; he woven hemp for cloth and made clothes; headvocated trade in the middle of the day; he cultivated pottery and made MingTang; he cut tung trees for Qin and made wax sacrifice; he made string wood forarc and each tree for arrow, so as to win the world. Emperor Yans indomitablepioneering spirit, indomitable innovative spirit, self-improvement enterprisingspirit and selfless dedication are the important components of the Chinesenational spirit, and also the source of the Chinese nations enduring strength.In his later years, Emperor Yan came to Hunan to collect medicine for thepeople. He met 70 poisons every day and didnt fix them. Finally, he was buriedin luyuanpi, Luyuan Town, Yanling County, Zhuzhou City, Hunan Province becausehe tasted "heartbroken grass" by mistake.

With the rise and fall of successive dynasties, Yan Emperors Mausoleumtemple has been destroyed and built. There are historical records of majorrepairs: once in the Song Dynasty, three times in the Ming Dynasty, nine timesin the Qing Dynasty and four times in the Republic of China. Modern large-scalerepair began in 1986, and was completed in October 1988. The restored YanEmperor Mausoleum is arranged according to the architectural pattern of the Qingpalace. The mausoleum is divided into four parts: the Meridian Gate, thesaluting Pavilion, the main hall, the stele Pavilion and the tomb behind thepavilion.

There are tombs in the Western Han Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty. In thefifth year of Qiande in the Song Dynasty (967 AD), it was established that "infront of a temple and a mausoleum, a portrait should be worshipped" and "at theage of three, it is common to be frank". In the 150 years of Northern SongDynasty, there were more than 50 sacrificial activities. In the yuan and MingDynasties, sacrificial activities continued, and in the Qing Dynasty, they weremore frequent and ceremonious. There are 53 sacrificial inscriptions in the pastdynasties, and more than 20 other inscriptions. For thousands of years, EmperorYan has been living in peoples hearts.

今天我去了中国航海博物馆，它的外形像一艘正在扬帆起航的白色帆船，两个“白帆”交叉起来，当中镶嵌着蓝色的大字“中国航海博物馆”，感觉很奇妙。

一进大门，一艘巨大的古代帆船映入了我的眼帘。这船名为“宝船”，它长27.4米，排水量由200多吨，桅杆足有三层楼高，尾巴那儿还有一个比现在的船舵都大的巨舵!船的两头向上翘起，船头上还刻着一条腾飞的龙。

在船后方的客室位置有一个秘密哦，那就是至今仍然举世闻名的“水密隔舱”。有了它，如果船只进水，水就会流到水密隔舱里，隔舱只要把门关牢，那么进水就不会流进房间，船就安全了。当年的“泰坦尼克”号上也使用了“水密隔舱”这个装置，可是因为进水量实在太大最后沉没了。

帆船旁边还有一个它曾经使用过的木锚，那木锚长7.4米，重达一吨，在当时也算非常巨大了。木锚的前端是用铁打造的，这样就可以增加摩擦力，使锚紧紧地抓住江底的沙泥，牢牢地固定住船身。 在船旁的房间里，我还惊奇的发现了一个保存完好的，距今有8000多年的独木舟残片，那是世界上最古老的独木舟了!

从八千年之前中国就开始制造各种各样的船舶。现在世界上最大的货轮和油轮全部都是“中国制造”，最大的货轮能装载一万多个集装箱，是不是很了不起呢?!但是中国的邮轮制造技术还不算发达，我希望能够多发展一下邮轮制造技术。要知道“邮轮，让生活更美好呢!”。

这次博物馆之行让我知道了我们中国从古到今在造船技术上一直处与世界领先的位置上，还了解了我国古代的造船技术和今天的发展，这真是让人高兴。

Dear visitors:

Everybody is good! Welcome to visit guangzhou baiyun mountain. Baiyun mountain is located in baiyun district, guangzhou is the famous scenery resort, since ancient times in the history of the "baiyun night at" yangcheng eight sights, such as "cloud" chrysanthemum lake in baiyun mountain.

Came to the foot of baiyun mountain, you first see the fragrant garden yuntai garden, there are many plants. The most magical is the middle of the garden there is a huge bell, the flower clock is made up of 12 different time open flowers, each to a moment, there will be a flower open, tell you what time is it.

Baiyun mountainside, along the boulevard, eyes see is scattered around the lakes and mountains and dense forests can benevolence temple Huang Po cave reservoir, etc. About Huang Po cave reservoir, there is a beautiful legend. Yuan dynasty female home textile ecliptic husbands mother home poor in childhood, then to study in hainan textile technology. Twinkling of an eye, as the decades passed, the ecliptic husbands mother by the young girl into a white-haired old woman, particularly homesick, on the road to home. The road through the guangzhou baiyun mountain, to see people living in poverty, is left to you to teach the textile technology. Later, to commemorate the ecliptic husbands mother, people called the ecliptic husbands mother lived Huang Po hole.

Upward along the winding mountain, we came to the scenic baiyun mountain. Here is the famous scenic spots have sound spring valley, mount star ridge, nine longquan, etc. Spring valley in the middle of the mountain, is the largest in a natural birdcage. It is located in baiyun mountain scenic area in the south and drop of water on rock valley between nine longquan, covers an area of about fifty thousand square meters, large cage by natural scenic spot, songbirds hanging corridor area, rare and precious birds area three parts. The birds here much more special, not only quantity and variety. They chirp is ringing, the indirect songs reverberated in the valley, let a person listen to the relaxed and happy, even with fatigue and worry is gone. The entrance door side still can be seen in the valley of sound in the spring of extremely rich appeal "bird performance", a bike, a bird bird flag-raising, treasure bird and so on, particularly interesting. The star mountain is the highest peak of baiyun mountain, elevation 382 meters, height overlooking, could see the whole view of the guangzhou city.

Baiyun mountain for south guangdong famous mountains, since ancient times "yangcheng first show," said. It gathered more than 30 peaks, mountain is quite wide, with a total area of 20.98 square kilometers. Whenever she continuous rain, fog in black mountain green, half is plain, so the name of baiyun mountain.

Finished visiting the beautiful scenery of baiyun mountain, our trip over. Your valuable advice is most welcome to our work, with high quality and good service in the future, we will take the more travel assistance for you. Thank you very much!

I hope you dont litter fruit peels, chewing gum and other garbage duringthe journey. Hello, tourists! Welcome, and dont Scribble in the scenic spots.Have a good trip!

It is said that in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhang Daoling, the ancestor ofheaven, came here to make alchemy. When he made alchemy, he saw the images of atiger and a dragon in the air on the mountain. Since then, people have called itLonghushan. Now, what we see is Luxi river. The river here is clear, the sandand stone are visible, the green algae are nodding in the water, and the happylittle fish are swimming around. Look at the strange peaks and rocks near andfar. Some of them look like people and some are lifelike. Up to now, there arefamous "ten no" scenes, such as "cloud brocade cant be covered", "mushroomcant be picked", "jade comb cant be combed", "Dan spoon cant be filled","Xiantao cant be eaten"... And so on. Now the mountain peak is in the shape ofa peach that has been bitten. Legend has it that monkey king stole the peachesfrom the Queen Mothers flat peach fair, ate them and went back to HuaguoMountain. When he flew through Longhu Mountain, he accidentally dropped thepeaches he had just bitten and turned them into Xiantao peak.

There are caves on the cliffs of Luxi River, which are ancient cliff tombs.How did the cliff tombs come from? Two thousand and six hundred years ago, thisis the tomb of ancient Yue people in the spring and Autumn period and theWarring States period. Archaeologists have excavated hundreds of cultural relicshere,

For example, thirteen string xylophone, twill textile machine, pottery,wood and bamboo ware are very precious, which can be called the birthplace ofChinese cliff tomb culture and the Museum of cliff tomb culture. Cliff tombs are300 meters high and 30-40 meters low. There are single tombs and group tombs.There is a hanging coffin show at 2 and 4 p.m. every day, which is performed bythe five brothers of the compatriots who collect herbs on the dragon and tigermountain. You can enjoy it.

Dear tourists, this is the end of todays tour. Tomorrow I will lead you tocontinue to play. bye!

游客朋友们大家好!

今天我们参观的是陕西历史博物馆。陕西历史博物馆是一座大型 现代化国家级博物馆，筹建于1986年，1991年6月20日落成开放，占地面积约70000平方米，展出面积11000平方米。馆内收藏文物37万多 件，其中国宝级文物18件，国家一级文物829件，被誉为“古都明珠，华夏宝库”。它以周、秦、汉、唐为时代重点，以商周青铜器、历代陶俑、唐壁画和唐金 银器为藏品精华，集中了陕西乃至中华文明发展的重要历程。

大家请看，喷水池上的七个金字，这是集郭沫若先生的字而成的。水池内横卧的巨石，是汉武帝时期的石鲸。

首先我们进入序言大厅， 序言大厅不写一个字，以奔腾咆哮的黄河壶口瀑布、高大雄伟顺陵走狮和绵延不断的黄土高原来昭示主题，构成独特的无字序言。黄河是中华民族的母亲河，是陕西 文化孕育生长的摇篮。走狮是武则天母亲陵墓的镇墓石狮，不仅显示了大唐王朝雄视天下的气概，也是中西方文化交流的产物，因此被誉为“东方第一狮”。

博物馆的基本陈列为陕西古代文明，分为史前、西周、秦、汉、魏晋南北朝、隋唐和宋元明清七大部分，用近3000件文物形象系统的展示了陕西地区自一百多万年前旧石器时代的蓝田猿人到最后一个封建王朝灭亡的发展历程。

首先我们进入“史前时期”， 揭示了人类早期的起源和发展。大家请看，这是蓝田猿人的化石，是1964年考古学家在蓝田县公王岭陈家窝村附近发现的。蓝田猿人距今约115万年，是亚洲 北部最早的直立人。这里陈列着大量的石器，是早期人类采集狩猎的生活工具。这是1978年在大荔县发现的距今20—18万年的猿人头骨化石，是迄今为止发 现的亚洲北部最早的智人化石。

这里的陶罐、尖底瓶、鱼叉等，是新石器时代的典型器物，表明人类已开始制作工具，从单纯的采猎生活向农业和渔业过渡。半坡出土的陶埙，是我国发现的最早的吹奏乐器。

下面我们进入西周。 西周是我国历史上奴隶社会和青铜器的鼎盛时期，主要展出的有鼎、兵器、编钟等。鼎原来是一种炊具，后来逐渐演变成礼器。相传大禹制九鼎，代表天下九州，都 城定在哪里，九鼎就放在哪里，所以古代称为“定鼎”。后来引申为建立新政权。再后来，人们把企图撺掇政权的行为称为“问鼎”，因此就出现了“问鼎中原”、 “问鼎天下”等词语。鼎的使用有“别上下、明贵贱”的严格等级规定，鼎的多少也成为了奴隶主贵族区分尊卑贵贱的标志。

请看这个五祀卫鼎，是国宝级文物，内壁有铭文19行共207个字，记载了西周中期一件土地交易事件，有确切纪年，是青铜器断代的标准器。

多友鼎是国宝级文物，上有铭文279个字，记载了周厉王时期多有率兵追击猃狁，杀敌俘获、收复失地的一场战争和周厉王奖赏而铸鼎的事。

下面是秦朝。秦始皇将半两的方孔圆钱确定为统一货币，蕴含“天圆地方”的观念，为历代统治者所接受，方孔圆钱一直沿用到清朝末年，是我国历史上三大货币之一。

这里展出的金缸，是迄今为止我国发现的最早的用于连接房屋木构架的金属建筑构件。

郑国渠是我国最早的大型水利工程之一，不仅为秦统一中华奠定了基础，也为历代王朝在长安定都打下了基础。

还有秦阿房宫、兵马俑和彩绘铜车马等大量文物图片或实物，显示出秦朝在政治、经济、军事和科技等方面都达到前所未有的高度。

接着我们进入汉朝。汉朝是我国历史发展的重要时期，对后世的发展有着深远的影响，汉族、汉语等皆是由此而来。

汉长安城与当时的古罗马城遥遥相对，面积为36平方公里，比罗马城大了两倍还多。这里的陶制水管说明汉长安城已经有了我国最早的排水系统。

大家请看，这个“皇后玉玺”是国宝级文物，是1986年在汉高祖刘邦和吕后墓出土的，玉玺上方凸雕螭虎形纽，底面篆刻“皇后之玺”四个字，很可能是吕后生前所用。皇后玉玺是迄今发现唯一的汉朝皇后玉玺，对研究汉朝帝后玺印制度有十分重要的意义。

五铢钱是汉武帝元狩五年(前120xx年)开始制造的，重五铢(约3.33克)。五铢钱一直沿用至隋末，流通时间长达700多年，是我国历史上三大货币之一。

这个“雁鱼铜灯”造型别致，设计巧妙，既能任意调节灯光亮度和方向，又通过水吸收烟尘，最大限度的降低了烟尘对环境的污染，充分体现了汉朝工艺品既追求美观又注重实用的特点，堪称古代灯目的珍品。

张骞开通了丝绸之路后，长安成为亚洲最大的国际交流中心。这里的丝绸和西域各国的物品，是张骞开通丝绸之路和东西文化交往的见证。

然后我们进入魏晋南北朝。铁蒺藜又称马刺，制作很科学，四个一样长的尖，无论怎么扔出去总是三尖朝地、一尖向上，是对付骑兵的一种非常有效的暗器。

大家请看这枚“多面体煤精组印” 共有18个正方形印面和8个三角形印面，其中14个正方形印面上刻有文字。印章的主人是西魏八柱国之一、鲜卑族上层人物独孤信，多面体印章使身兼多职的独 孤信使用起来非常方便。独孤信的三个女儿分别嫁给了北周明帝宇文毓、隋文帝杨坚和唐高祖李渊的父亲李昞，因此独孤信被称为“天下第一老丈人”。

现在我们进入隋唐。唐长安城周长36.7km，面积83.1平方公里，人口约110万人，包括5%的外国人，是世界上第一个百万人口的国际化大都市。

唐高祖武德四年(公元620xx年)，李渊废五铢钱改铸开元通宝。开元通宝流通了整个唐朝，是我国历史上三大货币之一。

这个“鸳鸯莲瓣纹金碗”是国宝级文物。此碗采用横冲加工手法，先从内向外捶打所需器形，然后在凸面上刻凿飞禽走兽和忍冬花草。碗内壁有墨书“九两半”三个字，表明碗的重量。

唐三彩是盛唐时流行的工艺品，以黄、褐、绿三色为主要色釉。三彩器流行的时间较短，烧制的地方较少，因此遗物不多，非常珍贵。这件“三彩骆驼载乐俑”是18件国宝中唯一的三彩器物。骆驼背上架着一个平台，七个向外的乐师神情专注，中间是一个舞女载歌载舞。三彩俑显示出唐朝工匠将艺术夸张和实际生活完美的结合。

这件“兽首玛瑙杯”是唐朝唯一的一件俏色玉雕，属国宝级文物。玛瑙杯选用缠丝玛瑙制成，纹理细致，层次感分明。兽角弯曲着伸向杯口两侧，兽嘴部镶金，起到了画龙点睛的作用。兽首玛瑙杯具有浓厚的波斯风格，是大唐与西域友好交往的见证。

唐墓室壁画，著名的有出土于永泰公主墓的“仕女图”;出土于章怀太子墓的“打马球图”、“狩猎出行图”、“礼宾图”又称“客使图”;和出土于懿德太子墓的“阙楼.仪仗图”。这些壁画对考证唐朝宫廷生活、体育运动、友好往来等提供了不可多得的宝贵资料。

随着历史的脚步，我们进入宋元明清。唐以后，中国的政治中心东移，长安失去了都城的地位，但仍是控制中国西北的军事重镇，周秦汉唐的灿烂文化所形成的巨大惯性，使这一时期陕西的经济文化仍然保持了较高的水准和发展势头。

北宋时，耀州窑烧制的青釉提梁倒灌壶之所以形成倒流，是因为注水口在壶底中央，注水时倒过来，水从壶嘴中流出为盛满，然后把壶身翻正，壶嘴正常出水而壶底不漏。这是运用了“连通容器内液面等高”的原理。

这个黑釉油滴碗是国宝级文物。表面大小不一、呈金属光泽的小圆点就像浮在水面上的油滴，因此也称“油滴釉”。油滴釉属于结晶釉，工艺要求很高，火候很难把握，只有在1100℃时才会出现这种结晶。

这是宋代的秧歌画像砖，说明现在盛行于陕西的秧歌至少起源于宋代。

这个交钞铜版是金代印刷纸币的雕版，是研究金代纸币的第一手资料。

朋友们，转眼间我们已经走过了陕西100多万年的历史，我的讲解就到这里了，谢谢大家!

现在我们就来到了陕西历史博物馆参观游览。

这座博物馆于1991年6月20日正式建成对外开放。它是目前我国规模最庞大、设施最先进的国家级历史博物馆。它占地约7万平方米，建筑面积56000平方米，用于展览的面积为11000平方米，馆内现有收藏品37万件。这座博物馆是遵照周恩来总理生前遗愿建造的。那是1973年，周恩来总理来陕西视察时，有感于陕西丰富的地上、地下文物资源和已有博物馆小而简陋的状况，提出应该在陕西建一座新的博物馆的指示。后来由国家计委和陕西省政府共同投资1.44亿人民币，建成了这座艺术殿堂。这座博物馆的设计是由中国建筑学界的泰斗——梁思成先生的关门弟子张锦秋女士担任的。建筑的外观为仿唐风格，着意突出了盛唐风采，反映了一个辉煌时代的风貌。布局上借鉴了中国传统建筑“轴线对称，主从有序，中央殿堂，四隅重楼”的结构特点，突出了古朴凝重。并创造出一种帝宫与传统园林相结合的氛围，象征着中国悠久的历史和灿烂的文化。

陕西历史博物馆的陈列可分为基本陈列，专题陈列和临时展览三大部分。今天我们将要参观的是基本陈列，也就是常设陈列。为陕西古代史。系统的展现了陕西自蓝田猿人至鸦片战争的发展过程，突出了周、秦、汉、唐等封建社会的盛世和陕西在中国历史上的重要地位。

现在我们就来到了序言大厅。这里的序言不是文字，而是三副巨型照片：奔腾咆哮的黄河和绵亘无垠的黄土高原，既有古代陕西人赖以生存的自然环境，也是陕西历史文化孕育、产生和不断发展的前提和基础。这两幅照片的背后，陈列着中华民族的人文初祖轩辕皇帝陵墓的巨照，标志着陕西古代文明、中华文明的开端。这些用照片构成的无言之序，通过宽广浑厚的场面，象征着陕西历史文化的博大精深，绵延久远，以及具有世界影响的人文传统精神。大家现在看到厅中央的这尊巨狮，它原来位于唐代女皇武则天的母亲杨氏的顺陵前。我们可看到它雕刻精美，造型雄伟，堪称“东方第一狮”。中国古代狮子及石狮的艺术是从阿富汗传入的。因此，这座石狮不但是陕西历史文化的反映，也是东西方文化交融的产物。

陕西古代史的第一个段落是史前史，时间范围是距今约115万年前至公元前21世纪。这一时期的每一段落都有重大发现，文化高峰迭起年、并首尾相连，在全国突出地位。首先大家所看到的就是蓝田猿人的头像。她是1964年在蓝田县公王岭发现的，是一位年纪约30多岁的女性。蓝田猿人距今约115万年，是迄今所知亚洲北部最早的直立人。在距今约20万年左右人类就已经发展到了智人阶段。陕西地区的大荔人便是其中的一个代表，在距今约8020xx年左右，人类就已经进入了新石器时代。老官台文化是陕西境内已知最早的新石器时代的文化遗存。新旧石器时代区别主要有三个重要标志：一是学会了制造陶器;二已经定居并有了原始农业;三是出现了磨制石器。仰韶文化是新石器时代发展的一个阶段。这类文化遗存由于是1920xx年首次发现于河南渑池县仰韶村，因此得名。又因为在这类文化遗存中发现了大量的彩陶，所以叫“彩陶文化”。半坡遗址是仰韶文化的一个重要组成部分，也是母系氏族公社时期的繁荣阶段。后来，随着社会经济的发展，男子取代女子，在社会中处于支配地位。人类就进入了父系社会时期。龙山文化就是父系氏族公社时期的典型文化。这类文化由于是在1920xx年首次发现于山东省章丘县的龙山镇，因此得名。又因为发现了大量的灰陶，因此龙山文化也被称为“灰陶文化”或“黑陶文化”。龙山文化之后，我国历史进入了传说时代，也就是历史上所说的“军事民主制时期”。黄帝就是这个时期一位杰出的领袖，他被尊为中华民族的祖先。每年清明，海内外的炎黄子孙来到黄帝陵寻根问祖，认同中华文化，爱国之情在这里升华，从而产生一种强大的凝聚力和向心力。在黄帝之后，人类历史上又出现了三位杰出的领袖，他们是尧、舜、禹。后来，大禹的儿子启建立了夏朝。于此，中国便进入了奴隶制王朝的统治时期。夏王朝的政治中心在河南，陕西境内主要是周族的发生、发展与兴盛。周族实际上经历了周民族、周方国、西周王朝三个不同的发展阶段。

现在我们所看到的这个文物叫做“鼎”，它是奴隶制王朝鼎盛时期西周的一个青铜器。青铜是指铜和锡的合金，因颜色青灰而得名。而鼎呢，它本来是一种炊具，即煮肉的锅，后来随着礼乐制度的强化，鼎也逐渐成为一种权利和等级的象征。传说夏禹曾制九鼎，代表天下九州，作为政权的象征。以后就把取得天下叫做“定鼎”。春秋时，五霸之一的楚庄王就曾遣使询问周朝九鼎的大小轻重，以后“问鼎”就成为企图篡夺政权的代名词。我们现在所说的成语“逐鹿中原”，“鹿死谁手”，“孰人敢来问鼎”等都与这件文物有关。鼎，一般可分为圆顶和方顶。圆顶一般为鼓腹，双耳，三足，整个造型给人以稳定、威武的感觉。所以，人们用狮胸虎足来形容它。而成语中的“大名鼎鼎”，“三足鼎立”，则是从另一方面反映了它的造型特征。青铜器上的纹饰是研究青铜艺术的重要内容，也成为中国艺术史的一个重要组成部分，在一定程度上反映了当时人们的思想观念。青铜器上的纹饰可分为两大类，即：动物纹和几何纹。总的特点是神秘怪诞，很难看懂。这是因为作器者本意是为了用它祭祀天、地、鬼神和祖宗。一般人看不懂正说明他构思成功。在陕西境内迄今发现的西周青铜器达3000余件。就一个有限的地理范围而言实属罕见。

随着周幽王“烽火戏诸侯”，公元前771年犬戎族入侵，使西周走向灭亡。周平王迁都洛邑，东周开始。但周王朝实际上已名存实亡了。中原大地上先后出现了“战国七雄”：齐、楚、燕、韩、赵、魏、秦。七国的战争持续了200多年。公元前220xx年，中国历史上第一位皇帝——秦王嬴政“扫六合而荡天下”，建立了统一的中央集权制的封建国家。秦始皇统一六国后，为了维护其统治，采取了一系列措施，在全国范围内统一了文字、货币、法律、车轨和度量衡等。

我们现在看到的这个货币就是秦统一六国之后的通行货币——秦半两。上面的这些货币就是统一前六国的货币。货币的不统一大大地阻碍了经济的发展。于是，方孔圆形的半两钱便应运而生。古人讲“天园地方”，并且是天包地，所以秦半两就意味着“圆以象天，方以则地”。这种精神为以后两千多年的封建统治者所接受，并一直保持到清末。古书上也因此把钱称为“孔方兄”。秦半两的制作很科学，中间有小孔，可用绳子穿起来便于携带;外围为圆形，则不易产生磨损。中国古代有三大货币，除秦代的货币秦半两外，还有汉代的五铢钱和唐代的通宝钱。秦始皇号称“千古一帝”，但同时他也是历史上一位有名的暴君，残暴的统治终于激起了人们的反抗。陈胜、吴广领导的大泽乡起义爆发了。随后四年的“楚汉相争”推翻了秦王朝的统治。公元前220xx年，汉高祖刘邦登基，汉王朝就正式登上了历史舞台。

汉朝是一个十分重要的历史朝代，它的各项发展对中国历史上以后各朝代的发展奠定了基础，并产生了深远的影响。构成中华民族主体的汉族也是在这个时候正式形成。中国懂得方块字也是从这一时期起被称为“汉字”。汉王朝成了当时世界最强盛的一个国家。所以，今天世界上许多国家还把“汉”作为中国和中国人的代称。现在请大家看这副“丝绸之路”示意图。它中国最古老的一条贸易通道，也是横贯欧亚大陆的一条贸易通道。它为东西文化交流、通商提供了有利的条件。沟通欧亚大陆的这条举世闻名的丝绸之路是由西汉武帝时期的张骞开通的。张骞是我们陕西城固人，他于公元前138年应政府招募出使西域。经历了十年时间和种种磨难，熟悉了西域的政治、军事、地理、风俗民情。沟通了汉与西域各国的关系。因此史书上把张骞的这次出使、也称为“凿空”。公元前120xx年，汉武帝又先后两次派遣张骞出使西域。“丝绸之路”全长7000多公里，在中国境内4000多公里。“丝绸之路”开通后，商队往来不断，经济贸易十分活跃。促进了农业和科学技术交流，为中西文化开创了新纪元。由于这条路最先主要过往做丝绸生意的商人，所以把这条通道也称为“丝绸之路”。通过这条道路，我国的丝绸不断输出。在当时的罗马，中国的丝绸与黄金等价。因此，丝绸又被称为“软黄金”。从此，西域的葡萄、苜蓿、石榴了、黄瓜、蚕豆、核桃、芝麻、菠菜、黑米、猕猴桃等物产传入我国。我国的种茶、凿井、冶炼等生产技术也传入西域。“丝绸之路”就好像一条绚丽而坚韧的纽带沟通了亚欧大陆，也使世界上出现了两颗明珠。从此，世界上就有了“东有长安，西有罗马”之说。

汉王朝不仅有发达的经济贸易活动，军事力量也非常强大。1965年，从咸阳杨家湾的一座汉墓中出土了大批兵马俑。这座汉墓属于汉高祖刘邦长陵的陪葬墓。据同出的“银镂玉衣”推测，墓主人可能是汉初名将周勃或其子周亚夫。在杨家湾出土的俑群中，有骑兵俑583件，各种人俑1965件。这些汉兵马俑大的身高48.5厘米，小的身高44.5厘米。大多数做武士打扮，个别做跳舞、奏乐、指挥等姿势。拿这批汉兵马俑与秦兵马俑相比较，秦俑虎背熊腰，是赳赳武士的形象，时刻准备着出发去打仗。汉俑仅有秦俑的三分之一大，但灵气十足，愉悦欢畅。也从一个侧面表明了当时国富民强、和平安定和人民的悠然自乐。在秦俑里，我们从外形看不出有指挥官，但在汉俑里则可以看出;另一方面，军阵形式也发生了变化。秦兵马俑以步兵为前锋，战车为突击力量，骑兵甚少。而汉兵马俑中骑兵所占的比例却大的多。汉王朝也正是凭借着这支强大的骑兵才战胜了不可一世的游牧民族——匈奴。这也是世界历史上农业民族第一次大规模的战胜游牧民族。

经过四年的楚汉相争，国力大大削弱。汉初“天子不能俱纯驷，而将相或乘牛车”。意思是说，在汉朝初年马匹很少，以至于找不到四匹颜色相同的马为皇帝拉辇。而一般将相的车辆只能用牛羊拉了。但是汉王朝励精图治，养马业得到了高度发展，使汉代骑兵的马源充足，所以汉代骑兵业得到了发展。杨家湾的汉三千彩绘兵马俑就是一个有力的印证。

汉朝灭亡后，我国历史进入了魏晋南北朝时期。这一时期从公元220xx年北魏建立开始，到公元589年隋统一结束，历时369年。这一时期政权更迭，战乱频繁，可以说是中国历史和陕西历史上依次伟大的大融合时期。公元581年，北周大将杨坚建立了隋朝。隋炀帝杨广也是历史上以为有名的暴君。公元620xx年，太原留守李渊起兵反隋，夺取了政权，建立了唐朝。隋唐两代是我国封建社会的鼎盛时期，也是陕西历史文化的黄金时代，现代的海外华人自称“唐人”，他们居住的地方称为“唐人街”，反映了唐代对后世子孙产生的影响。

在唐时，人们的生活比较安定，就有更多的时间从事各种娱乐活动。打马球便是其中的娱乐项目之一。现在就请大家看这幅《打马球图》。这是从章怀太子墓中出土的。马球，也叫波罗球，球似拳头大小，朱红色，皮革制成，是由波斯，即今天的伊朗传入我国的。这幅图画形象生动的描绘出了唐代马球运动的精彩场面。画面上有骑马人物二十多个，他们足蹬黑靴，身穿窄袖长袍。前五个手拉缰绳，右手持月芽形球杖，有的驱马抡球，有的反身击球，姿态矫健，得心应手。其它骑手也姿态各异。场面生动，围绕着滚动的小球展开了激烈的争夺。画家巧妙的抓住了马球运动的瞬间场面，使比赛的紧张气氛溢于画外

在唐朝的时候，上至宫延皇帝，下至文武百官，甚至连妇女都爱打马球。尤其是许多皇帝，都是马球运动的爱好者,甚至成为马球健将。据史料记载:唐中宗景猪年间,吐蕃派使者迎接金城公主,提出要与汉人比赛马球,经中宗同意后,双方展开较量。第一回合以汉人失败而告终。这时一旁观看的临淄王,即后来的唐玄宗李隆基,亲自率领球队进行比赛。终于以精湛的球技转败为胜,一时在京城传为佳话。唐代的皇宫禁苑大多筑有马球场,有的贵族官僚还有自己的马球场.唐代以后,马球队运动就开始流行全国,直到明朝末年才开始逐渐衰败。近几年来,在西安东郊也开展过。这幅画的表现技法相当讲究，极富真实感和立体感。可见这幅马球图达到的不止是惟妙惟肖的境界，而且也从一个侧面再现了大唐时期国泰民安、繁荣昌盛的社会情况，再现了大唐雄风。

唐王朝的外交活动也是非常活跃的。我们现在看到的就是从章怀太子墓中出土的另一幅壁画《迎宾图》。画面上的前面几个人是热情的朝廷官员，后面三个人是外国和我国古代少数民族的使臣。经考证，三人中第一个是印度人，第二个是朝鲜人，第三个是突厥人。这幅画形象的再现了唐代官员接待外国使臣的场面。反映了唐王朝活跃的外交活动以及同外国和我国少数民族友好往来的实况。大家请注意看，在这幅画面的下角有一位个子比较矮的唐代朝廷官员，这就反映了唐代对人才是非常渴求的。只要你有才能，不管长得个高或个矮，都会被重用。反映了唐朝“不拘一格降人才”的社会风貌。

隋唐两代都把长安作为其都城。隋时称为大兴城，唐时称为长安城。规模宏大的都城长安可以说是那个伟大时代的明亮窗口。透过它，可以窥见当时世界第一强国的各个方面。隋大兴城是少数民族建筑大师宇文恺设计并主持营建的。唐长安城是在隋大兴城的基础上，进一步修葺完善起来的。从这幅唐长安城的平面布局图中我们就可以看出：它气势宏伟，整齐划一。全城共分为宫城，皇城和外郭城三大部分。城内以朱雀大街为中轴线，由十一条纵向的大街和十四条横向的大街，把整个长安城划分为108个小区域，称为坊。正如唐朝大诗人白居易的诗中所写：“百千家似为棋局，十二街如种菜畦”。这种布局对以后各个朝代产生了深远的影响，也为亚洲一些国家如日本、朝鲜等规划都城时所效仿。唐长安城的一个突出特点就是规模宏大。它总面积为84.1平方公里，人口超过一百万。其面积是汉代长安城的2.4倍，东罗马首都拜占庭的7倍，阿拉伯首都巴格达的6倍，明代长安城的9.3倍。它可以说是我国古代，也是世界古代规模最大的一座都城。城中的中轴线朱雀大街宽155米，而横贯皇城自承天门至长乐门之间的横街竟宽达440米，这也是中外所有都城中绝无仅有的。中华民族成长壮大到了唐代，充满了开拓进取精神。因此对长安城的修筑不仅仅只着眼于实用功能的需要，还有着积极的精神追求。唐王朝也正是以其宏大的气魄和泱泱大国的气势屹立于世界民族之林，吸引了各个国家的人们来到长安。当时居住在长安城的外国人和少数民族人数约5万人。同时长安吸收融汇了来自世界各地的文化，创造了博大精深、辉煌璀灿、当时世界文化最高峰的唐文化。 I$ X Zz51

唐代的手工业也是非常发达，唐三彩便是其中之一。它起源于西汉武帝时期。唐三彩并不专指三种颜色而是指多彩，因在唐代风行一时而得名。唐三彩是用黄、绿、赭。

蓝等多种彩釉组合装饰成的一种铅铀陶器。它的制作过程是把高岭土经过挑选、冲打、淘洗、沉淀、冶炼等工艺后，捏制成形，经修饰晒干后放入窑内。经过1000度左右烧制，待冷却后饰以配制好的彩色釉料，再入窑中烧至900度后完成。西安是唐三彩的故乡。在西安附近的唐墓中出土了不少唐三彩器皿。从这里我们可以看出，唐三彩首先是一种冥器，慢慢地才发展成为一种日用品和工艺品。唐三彩之所以闻名于世，主要有两大特点：一是以造型取胜。三彩中无论是生活用品或是房屋庭院乃至人物动物造型，都塑造的非常精美，用写实的手法反映了唐代的社会生活，在艺术上达到了令人赞叹不已的程度;二是以色彩赢人。三彩釉色虽简单，但它经烧制过程中不同色彩的釉斑向下流动，互相浸润后自然漫延，呈现出一种千变万化，班驳淋漓，彼此交融，没有明显界限的装饰艺术效果。优美、流畅，具有一种和谐的古朴之美。正如杜甫名句所言“动人春色不在多”。有限的釉色构成了丰富的艺术语汇，使唐三彩成了世界闻名的古代工艺品。

公元960年，宋代赵匡胤皇袍加身定都开封。元、明、清分别建都南京和北京。陕西从此失去了京都地位，但仍然是封建王朝控制西北、西南的军事重镇。又由于周、秦、汉、唐的灿烂文化形成一种巨大的惯性，所以这一时期陕西的经济文化仍然保持了一定的水准和发展势头。

Welcome to Jiulong Valley, Putian. Im your guide. My surname is X. you cancall me Xiao X. In order to facilitate your visit, let me first introduceyou.

In Putian, where high-rise buildings have sprung up, there is a wonderlandlike tourist attraction with the reputation of National Forest Park, that is thebeautiful Jiulong valley. It was a wonderland full of vitality. During the MayDay golden week, my family and I went to this place where there is heaven on thetop and fairy Valley on the bottom. The scenery here really deserves itsreputation.

As soon as you enter the door, there is a glittering sign, which says"Kowloon Valley". There is also a pool of blooming lotus next to it. It looksvery beautiful. Its really lotus with fairy valley. Suddenly, we walked on andsaw a stream. Gurgling stream is very moving, clear to the bottom, vaguely alsosee a few small fish like carp jump up like the dragon. In the crevice of thestone, the stream flows freely. The sun shone on the water, shining like goldand silver. A few drops of water dropped from the stone and rippled the water.As the stream flows down, I suddenly see that the stream is in the crisscross,dark as iron rocks, and spewing snow-white spray, just like a thousand troopsand horses, rushing forward one after another, the sound of the spray slappingon the rocks is particularly pleasant.

In order to see the more beautiful scenery in front of us, we went to seeanother fairyland like sister waterfall. Sure enough, not far from the stream,we saw Mei Mei waterfall. The waterfall is no longer a neat and smooth cloth. Westood on the small bridge and looked far away. It was like small white plumblossoms, falling like a light rain. The branches and leaves that were "rubbed"very green beside it seemed to be the green leaves of "white plum". My naughtybrother and I were not willing to let go of a beautiful scene, so we ran to awashed rock in front of the waterfall and took a picture, leaving a beautifulmemory.

After seeing sister waterfall, we cant wait to see the magnificent sceneof sister waterfall. After climbing for an hour, we finally reached the peak onthe muddy road, which was another look. The first thing that came into view wasa lush green: the plants and trees were lovely green, the breeze blowing, thefragrance of flowers coming, and it was a world of trees. Standing on the whiterailings, as soon as I looked up, I saw a big waterfall, like an angry whitedragon, rushing down from the mid air and down the unfathomable bottom. Thetorrent, wrapped in the roar of the sky, poured down onto the rocks. Whitepractice in the sky, spray splashing, stirring up the misty rain, cool air, makepeople into another fairyland. Sister waterfalls have their own merits, whichmake people forget to return.

The variety of Jiulong Valley makes people suspect that it is not a naturalone, but a bonsai made by a skillful craftsman. Such trees surround suchwaterfalls, and such waterfalls set off such trees, making people feel like theyhave entered a continuous picture. This is really: "sunshine censer gives birthto purple smoke, and you can see the waterfall hanging in QianChuan from afar.Flying down three thousand feet, the beauty of the world is in the valley ofimmortals. "

Henan Museum is one of the national first-class museums and one of thenational museums jointly built by the central and local governments. Since HenanMuseum was officially named as the national popular science education base in1999, Henan Museum has fully implemented the scientific outlook on development,thoroughly implemented the outline of the national action plan for scientificquality, and carried out a series of practical activities of popular scienceeducation for the general audience, especially for minors, in a planned andpurposeful way, so as to give full play to the characteristics of museums in thework of popular science education base Since 20__, it has received more than 9million visitors and held nearly 100 temporary exhibitions. It has been highlypraised by all walks of life. It has won many honorary titles such as "nationalexcellent popular science education base", "National Humanities and SocialSciences popularization base" and "Henan Social Sciences popularizationbase".

As of August 20__, the Central Plains cultural relics, which was founded in1977, has published 100 issues, more than 2500 academic papers andarchaeological reports, and seven special issues, including the collection ofpapers of Henan archaeological society, the collection of treatises onmuseology, the collection of papers of the Buddhist Society of Wei, Jin,southern and Northern Dynasties, and on Yangshao culture, with a total of morethan 3 million words Experts and scholars have published dozens of monographsand popular books.

Henan Provincial Museum edited "Chinese ceramic sketches", "Longmen statueinscription", "Henan Provincial Museum" (the seventh book of China MuseumSeries); Chinese slave society, ancient culture of the Central Plains, the lightof the Yellow River civilization, diezhu of the Han Dynasty, the three towers ofthe Han Dynasty in Zhongyue, stone reliefs of the Han Dynasty in Henan, Hanpaintings -- a study of Han Dynasty portraits in Henan, anthology of Xiahistory, a survey of ancient works in Henan Cultural Museum, hometown of theYellow Emperor Xinzheng, Luona and Hetu Luoshu, compiled by experts and scholarsof the Academy 》Henan Museums collection of essays on the 70th anniversary ofthe completion of Henan Museum and the establishment of Henan Provincial Museum,Henan Museums fine works and exhibitions, Zheng Gongs tomb, the emissary oflight ancient Chinese lamps and lanterns, the heavenly light Buddha statues,etc.

The scenic spot we came to is called "strange garden and strange building",which is a strange place. Strange rare is called strange, strange alone iscalled strange. Strange is strange, not strange is strange. Qiyuan is a new parkbuilt in 1991, but strange building has a real history.

The owner of the strange building is w. J. sinbeson, a Californian born in1898. He graduated from Yale University, a famous university in the UnitedStates, and is a doctor of forestry specializing in horticulture. In 1928, hewas sent to Beidaihe seaside by American Protestant church and founded Dongshanhorticultural farm. He worked and lived in Beidaihe for 12 years. During thisperiod, he introduced more than 20 kinds of excellent fruit trees, such asapples, grapes, plums, cherries, and other excellent livestock, such as Dutchcows, Yorkshire pigs, Leghorn chickens, and introduced and promoted Amorphafruticosa, the pioneer shrub of North China greening. Simpson worked hard everyday, often sweating heavily, and his clothes were covered with soil; heseriously carried out scientific research, wrote many scientific papers andbooks on the promotion of agricultural technology. He set up a "volunteerresearch association" and trained many technicians. Until the liberation of thewhole country, some of the key garden technicians in Jingdong and Beidaihe werestill students of Simpson. His forthright character, humorous language, profoundknowledge and practical spirit made him establish a deep friendship with thepeasants and intellectuals in Beidaihe. He is an emissary of Sino US friendship,a mentor of science and technology, and a founder of modern horticulture inBeidaihe. Beidaihe will never forget anyone who is full of kindness, love andcontribution. Simpsons name, like the flowers and trees he cultivated, willtake root in the land of Beidaihe and spread his eternal fragrance.

In 1936, Simpson designed a villa with unique external shape and internalstructure, which was built by local architect Su Quanren. Simpsons villa, as awhole, belongs to European Gothic architecture. It has three floors, five roofs,seven corners and eight sides. Every corner of the roof is made of granite. Itsvery beautiful. There are 44 doors and 46 windows in the building, but there isno square room. Inside the villa, house to house, suite to suite, big and small,connected. When a stranger comes in, its hard to find the door that just camein. When you enter the middle hall, there are big glass mirrors all around. Whenyou go to the pawnshop, there are people everywhere. When you turn around, itshard to find the door to go out. There is a well in the middle of the basement.Around the well head, a spiral staircase is built to run up and down. This wellis the natural temperature and humidity regulator in the villa: it is used toreduce the temperature in summer and increase the humidity in winter; thisstaircase is made of vines and dried branches of fruit trees. Its reallyinteresting to walk up, flickering, soft and trembling. This strange villa soonwon the reputation of "strange building". In 1940, on the eve of the outbreak ofthe Pacific War, Dr. Simpson returned to the United States, but his "strangebuilding" became even more famous. It became a magnificent and mysteriouslandscape of Beidaihe and attracted many tourists to enjoy and investigate.However, more than 30 years ago, an innocent and strange building could notescape. Finally one day, the strange building was demolished artificially.

Today, the strange building in front of us was redesigned and rebuilt in1991 according to the original architectural style of the strange building. Mr.Hua Junwu, a famous cartoonist in China, inscribed "strange garden and strangebuilding", which makes people feel more humorous and relaxed. Qiyuan covers anarea of 90 mu, with a building area of 999 square meters and 99 wonderfulscenes. Why do you choose so many "9"? Because "9" is a big number, I just wantto explain to you: when you come here, you can appreciate what is called bigstrange, big strange and special strange. The designer has made every effort tocreate the wonderful, the strange and the happy in the strange garden and thestrange building. Strange garden and strange building is a monument set up bythe people of Beidaihe for Dr. Xin Baisen. It is also a paradise for thousandsof tourists to experience the wonderful and strange. Please enjoy yourself hereand have a long laugh. There is a "Fang directory" in Qiyuan strange building.Please write down your feelings here and leave your name.

山西省晋商文化博物馆坐落在国家级历史文化名城--祁县古城内的渠家大院，是一所以晋商文化为主要陈列内容的县级博物馆，是山西省重点文物保护单位，全国首家研究晋商文化的博物馆。

渠家大院始建于清乾隆年间，距今已有320xx年的历史，它当年的主人在县城内建有40个院落，人称“渠半城”，整个建筑总面积为23628平方米，现已开发出5317平方米，是当时“渠半城”的五分之一。

渠家大院始建于清乾隆年间，为全国罕见的五进式穿堂院，内分3个大院，19个小院，房屋240间。明楼院、统楼院、栏杆院、戏台院巧妙组合，错落有致。悬山顶、歇山顶、卷棚顶、硬山顶形式各异，主次分明。牌楼巍峨壮观，眺阁玲珑精致，院院之间有过厅，牌楼相隔，层次分明，活泼有趣。屋内屋外彩绘华丽，堆金沥粉。木、石、砖雕俯仰可见，题材广泛，寓意祥和，刀法精良。我国著名考古专家郑孝燮先生由衷地赞叹，渠家大院的每一个建筑构件都是不可多得的艺术品，是当之无愧的民居瑰宝。

大院外观为城堡式，墙头为垛口式女儿墙，内分8个大院，19个四合小院，共有240间房屋，每个四合小院都自成体系，而各院落之间有牌楼、过厅相隔，形成院套院、门连门的美妙格局。整个大院墙高院深、气势恢弘。其中石雕栏杆院、五进式穿堂院、牌楼院、戏台院错落有致，主次分明，堪称渠家大院的四大建筑特色。被建筑专家赞誉为"集宋、元、明、清之法式，汇江南河北之大成"。·北武当山导游词 ·山西导游词 ·观音堂导游词 ·晋祠导游词 ·广胜寺导游词

渠家大院开发于1993年，经过了三年时间的筹建，于1996年9月22日正式对外开放。祁县渠家在晋商中颇具代表性，曾是清代著名的商业金融资本家。全国各大城市都有渠家开设的商业金融字号，商业资本高达 1000万两白银，其发家过程、经营之道及其经商爱国、投资近代工业、热心公益、兴办教育、发展文化等都很引人注目，赢得了社会的广泛赞誉和尊敬，在一定程度上可以说是中国近代商人兴衰命运的缩影电视连续剧《昌晋源票号》即是以渠家为原型。现在馆内陈展分晋商纵览、著名商号、巨商大贾、爱国义举、商界盛世、晋剧渊源、渠氏家族7大系列、27个展室，采取原状陈列和系列展出相结合的方法，运用实物、图片、模型、雕塑等手法，配以声光电等现代化手段，揭示晋商文化的内涵，艺术地再现了渠氏家族穷通天下，雄阔经商的辉煌。

Bijiashan scenic spot is located in the west of Liaoning Province inNortheast China, facing the Bohai Sea, adjacent to Jinzhou port, and in JinzhouEconomic and Technological Development Zone. Bijiashan island and "Overpass" arethe main scenic spots in Bijiashan scenic spot, which can be roughly dividedinto five areas: Island Tour, sea sightseeing, shore entertainment, beachbathing and vacation cultivation. The total area is 8 square kilometers,including land area of 4.72 square kilometers and sea area of 3.28 squarekilometers. Here beautiful landscape, beautiful environment, rich resources,life service facilities, convenient transportation. There are many naturalscenic spots, such as MAANQIAO, yixiantian, Shengui going to sea, Shihouswimming, hukendong, Menglan Bay, etc. There are many cultural relics andhistoric sites: Lu Zuting, sun hall, Wumu palace, Wanfo hall, Longwang temple,Sanqing Pavilion, etc.

St. laorenzo church, known as Fengshun church, is one of the three oldestchurches in Macao. It is located in fengshuntang street, just opposite to MacauCiyou middle school. The actual construction year is unpredictable, butaccording to historical records, it is estimated that the church was a woodenchapel founded by Jesuits around 1569. According to the inscriptions on one ofthe stone inscriptions in the church, it was first rebuilt in 1618. As for thescale of the church, it was rebuilt in 1844.

When St. laorenzo church was built in the early years, because it was closeto the wharf, there was a flag pole in the church, which was an importantindicator for Portuguese to decide whether to go to sea or not. "A brief accountof Macao" states: "in the southwest, there is Fengxin temple. Since the Tibetanships came out, the family members came back every day and prayed for Fengxinhere." Therefore, this church is also commonly known as "fengxintang". Later,because of the homonym of "Xin" and "Shun" in Cantonese, perhaps to pray forgood weather, "Feng Xin" became "Feng Shun", and "Feng Shun Tang Street" and"Feng Shun Tang district" got their names. Different from the rose church andSt. Josephs Chapel, St. laorenzos building is towering and imposing. TheEuropean classical style has a baroque flavor. Because the whole building is notlocated in the square (front ground), or out of the position of a certainsection of scenery, in order to highlight the existence of the whole church andserve as the center of a residential area, a high platform with nearly one flooris added below the church to make it more upright and conspicuous. And theprocess of the faithful men and women climbing up the ladder has become a kindof ceremony before they enter the church to worship. Another difference from thefirst two churches is that St. laorenzo church covers a large area, so there isa large courtyard around the church. The courtyard is full of vibrant plants,and it is separated from the residential buildings nearby in space and vision.Therefore, the entrance to the church basically focuses on the building itself,the surrounding plants and the blue sky There is no earthly noise, quiet andpleasant.

Many years ago, Fengshun hall was called Fengxin hall among Chinese people,which means Shunfeng Shunshui. Most of the Portuguese who lived in Australiamade a living by going to sea for business. Their families prayed for the safereturn of their relatives more than this church, hoping for the protection ofthe gods. The hyacinth flagpole set up in the church provided an important indexfor the Portuguese sailing boats which were mainly driven by wind at that time."Fengshun" is the Cantonese homonym of "Fengxin", which makes the church moreChinese.

The Fengshun hall was established as early as 1569, during which it wasrebuilt several times, including one in 1618. The old church was decorated in1979, which added to its splendor. Church design, magnificent, left and rightbell tower and Qi, one is a clock, used to tell the time; one is a bronze bell,used for church mass shaking roar. The roof of the church is covered withChinese style golden tiles, and the interior decoration is full of Orientalcolor and elegant. The hall is spacious and magnificent, with huge beams andexquisite chandeliers, which is quite luxurious and grand.

In the altar, there is a statue of Saint laorenzo, wearing gorgeous robes,holding the Bible in one hand and the staff in the other. It is solemn andsolemn. In the eyes of Portuguese who often sail, it is the God of peace andgood faith.

The church is not far away from the temple of mage. However, in the shortdistance, we can see the echo of Portuguese maritime patron and Chinese sea god,witness the collision and integration of Western and Chinese culture, andappreciate the tolerance of Macao people to different cultures.

海南分界洲岛的英语导游词

海南分界洲岛拥有很多美丽的风景，也会吸引很多国外友人的来旅游，以下是小编整理的分界洲岛的英语导游词，欢迎阅读参考。

分界洲岛英语导游词

Demarcation islet is a small-shaped island in the south China Sea ,high at both ends low in the middle .Its Chinese name sounds FEN JIE ZHOU DAO .It faces Cow Ridge four or five km away Historically,it was used the geographical demarcation .The islet covers an area of one square kilometer.

Cow ridge gets its name from its shape .seen from either of the sides ,the ridge is a walking cow .If you look at it from Demarcation Islet ,the ridge is a big with its mouth open .Cow ridge is also called Demarcation Ridge ,because it creates an important division of Hainan island .Even in the ancient times ,local people noticed the difference between the lands on each side of the mountain . Climate Boundary

Hainan island is located in the tropical zone ,but the climate on each side of Cow Ridge is different .In the north it is warm,humid and pluvious .However ,in the south the temperature is two or three degrees higher ,and the weather is always sunnier and drier .it is for this reason that from the angle of Demarcation Islet ,you can always see the wonder of "is is rainy at the Cow s head ,but sunny at its tail ". Administrative boundary

Demarcation Islet is the boundary between Wanning City and Lingshui County. Wanning is in the north and lingshui is in the south .a boundary stone tablet is on the ridge . National-culture boundary

In the ancient times ,this natural dividing line was the national boundary of Hainan -the boundary between Han nationality and Li nationality .There were mainly Li people in th south of the ridge ,while there were mostly Han people in the north of the ridge .

Friends ,please follow me .now we are at the harbor of the Demarcation Islet Ecological and Cultural Toursim resort is divided into two parts :the demarcation islet and the harbor service .please look at the north .The ridge is really like a cow .

There are also many kinds of plants on the ridge ,giving the ridge a green coat .So it is not only a boundary ,but also a very beautiful scenic spot .Now ,please enjoy yourselves .

Dear tourists

Hello and welcome to wuliangge. Im your guide.

Wuliangge, also known as Shoufeng temple, is located on the top of qieshimountain, 10km south of Fengrun county. It was built in 1032, the first year ofthe reign of emperor Chongxi of Liao Dynasty. The pavilion was built on thegranite platform. It used to be one story, and then it was added to threestories in the sixth year of the reign of emperor Chongxi. There are 1 pagodason the left and right sides of the pavilion. Now there is only the pharmacistsPagoda in the west, and one Wenchang Pavilion built in the Republic of China inthe East (on the right). The existing Pavilion is rebuilt in the Ming Dynasty.It has three floors. The front of each floor is arched with a platform and awhite marble railing. Xieshan double eaves glazed tile roof, under the eaves arebrick wood arch. All the pavilions are made of brick and tile. They have nobeams or inch of wood members, so they are called Wuliang pavilions. In front ofthe pavilion, there is a scripture building on the left, and in front of it,there is a stele of Wanfo Pavilion, which was built in 1598. Wenchang Pavilionwas destroyed by the earthquake, and Wuliang pavilion has been renovated.

The pharmacists pagoda, also known as Qieshan flower pagoda, was built in1032, the first year of the reign of emperor Chongxi of the Liao Dynasty. It isan octagonal pavilion type flower Pagoda with ll layers, solid, all built withbricks, with a height of more than 28 meters. The lotus xumizuo on the base ofthe pagoda is richly carved. The four facades of the pagoda are carved with archshaped false doors, and the other four sides are embossed with tallBodhisattvas. The pagoda above the first floor is a cone, and from the secondfloor to the ninth floor is surrounded by bricks Sculpture of Buddha. The Tashahas been destroyed. This pagoda is of special construction. On the eaves of thepagoda, there are seven layers of square pavilions, forming a flower shapedpagoda body. The lower layer of the pagoda is in the form of Yu layer pavilions,and the upper six layers are in the form of single-layer pavilions. It isbeautiful, simple and elegant, which is rare in the flower pagodas of LiaoDynasty.

Well, tourists, Wuliang Pavilion is here to explain. Thank you for yoursupport!

Lujiazui financial and trade zone is one of the main financial centers inShanghai, China. It is located on the Bank of Huangpu River in Pudong New Area,opposite to the Bund Financial Innovation Experimental Zone on the West Bank.Luoshan road in the East, Longyang Road in the south, Huangpu River in the Westand North. The total area of the whole financial and trade zone is 31.78 squarekilometers, of which Lujiazui Central Area (East to Pudong South Road, South toDongchang Road, West and north to Huangpu River), also known as XiaoLuJiaZui,covers an area of 1.7 square kilometers [1]. It is the only national developmentzone with finance, insurance, securities and commerce as the mainindustries.

In 1990, the State Council of the peoples Republic of China announced theopening up of Pudong and established the first national financial developmentzone in Lujiazui. Lujiazui also attracted many domestic and foreign enterprisesto settle in. By the end of September 20__, there were 626 domestic and foreignfinancial institutions and 71 regional headquarters of multinational companiesin the region. Bank of communications set up its national headquarters here. Theheadquarters of Bank of Shanghai and Shanghai Rural Commercial Bank are alsolocated in Lujiazui. Meanwhile, there are 18 corporate banks of foreign banks inthe region, such as HSBC, Citibank, Standard Chartered Bank, Bank of East Asia,DBS, etc. The Shanghai stock exchange, Shanghai futures exchange, ChinaFinancial Futures Exchange and the Chinese mainlands only diamond import andexport exchange Shanghai Diamond Exchange are also located in Lujiazuisfinancial and trade zone. In addition, Shanghai New York University, the firstInternational University jointly run by China and the United States, was alsoestablished in Lujiazui, and its foundation was laid in March 20__.

Lujiazui is also a high-rise building area. There are many landmarkbuildings in Shanghai, such as the highest Shanghai center in Shanghai, Shanghaiworld financial center, Oriental Pearl TV Tower and Jinmao Tower. The high-risebuildings here and the historical buildings on the Bund on the opposite bankform a unique scenic line on both sides of the Pujiang River, which makesLujiazui an important tourist gathering point in Shanghai. With a total lengthof 2.5 km, Binjiang Avenue is a famous scenic spot of the Bund building on theother side. The scenic spots in Lujiazui district include Lujiazui Central GreenSpace and Shanghai Ocean Aquarium.