介绍岳阳楼的英语导游词
Welcome to Yueyang Tower, one of the three famous buildings in Jiangnan.Today, I will introduce Yueyang Tower to you as a super tour guide. My name isLuo Ganquan. You can call me Luo Dao or Xiao Luo.
Yueyang Tower is located on the Bank of Dongting Lake with beautifulscenery and long history. Fan Cuyan of Song Dynasty once wrote Yueyang Tower topraise Yueyang Tower.
Yueyang Tower is 21.35 meters high, with four columns and three floors. Itis a pure wood structure without a brick. There are four ridges on the eaves ofeach layer. The first ridge is decorated with lotus flowers and lotus pods, andthe head up is Phoenix; the second layer is the head up tap; the third layer isdecorated with rolled grass, and the head up is Huiwen Ruyi Xiangyun. The roofof Yueyang Tower, especially the helmet of ancient generals, is called helmettop. Because helmet top is very rare in ancient Chinese architecture, it is oneof the important factors that makes Yueyang Tower famous. The whole YueyangTower has made amazing achievements in aesthetics, architecture and technology,so it has enjoyed the reputation of "Yueyang World Tower" since ancienttimes.
In fact, Yueyang Tower is really famous in the world when fan Cuyan wroteYueyang Tower. In the fourth year of Qingli period, Teng Zijing was demoted tobe the magistrate of Yuezhou for being framed. As soon as he took office, he didthree major things: first, he built Yanhong dike to prevent the waves ofDongting Lake; second, he set up county school to cultivate talents; third, herebuilt Yueyang Tower. The scale of the rebuilt Yueyang Tower was verymagnificent, but Teng Zijing knew that it was not enough to rely on its grandeuralone. Teng Zijing immediately thought of Fan Zhongyan, who was the same as TengZijing. Fan Cuyan, like Teng Zijing, was demoted as the magistrate of Dengzhoubecause he was framed. Teng Ziren drew a picture of the autumn evening inDongting and wrote a letter of Qiuji to introduce the momentum and structure ofYueyang Tower. After reading it, Fan Zhongyan finally wrote the famous story ofYueyang Tower, in which "worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later"has become a famous sentence of reincarnation, inspiring generations of futuregenerations to work hard.
All right, everybody can go into the building now. Ladies and gentlemen,the first thing you can see here is Yueyang Tower, which is composed of 12pieces of red sandalwood. It is said that Teng Zijing was overjoyed when hereceived Yueyang Tower. He immediately asked Su Shunqin, the great calligrapherat that time, to write it and Shao song, the famous sculptor, to carve it on awooden plaque. As a result, "Lou, Ji, calligraphy, sculpture" is known as thefour unique. Its a pity that what we see now is not the "four unique plaque".It was destroyed in the fire as early as the reign of emperor Shenzong of theSong Dynasty. The Yueyang Tower here was written by Zhang Zhao, a greatcalligrapher and Minister of the Ministry of punishment in the Qianlong periodof the Qing Dynasty.
Thats all for me. Ill give you 15 minutes to take photos.
更多相似范文
篇1:论文注释与参考文献著录细则_论文格式_网
根据《中国学术期刊(光盘版)检索与评价数据规范》、《中国高等学校社会科学学报编排规范》(修订版)以及《文末参考文献著录规则》(GB7714-37)的规定,本刊对文稿注释与参考文献作如下要求,请向本刊投稿的作者照此著录。?
(一)注释 注释是对论文篇名、作者及论文中特定内容作必要的补充、解释或说明。篇名注包括论文产出背景、基金项目等。作者注包括姓名、出生年、性别、民族、籍贯、工作单位或住址、职称、学位、研究方向等。篇名、作者注置于论文首页地脚。文内有关特定内容的注释,本刊采用文末注的形式。文末注采用顺序编码制,即按注释在正文中出现的先后顺序,用带圆圈的阿拉伯数序号顺序编码,置于标注处的右上角,注释条目按顺序集中表列于文章末尾参考文献前。
(二)参考文献 参考文献是指论文引用、参考的文献资料,包括引文出处和观点出处。参考文献著录采取顺序编码制,即按参考文献在正文中出现的先后顺序,用带方括号的阿拉伯数序号顺序编码。同一文献被反复引用者用同一序号标示。参考文献表列于文章末尾注释条目之后。
1.专著、论文集、学位论文、报告——主要责任者.文献题名[文献类型标识].次要责任者(任选).版本(任选).出版情况(包括出版地:出版者,出版年).例如:
[1]赫伯特·马尔库塞.爱欲与文明[M].黄勇,薛明译.上海:上海译文出版社,1987.
[2]吴荣曾.先秦两汉史研究[C].北京:中华书局,1995.
引用此类文献的确切出处,如页码、卷数、章节、篇名等,用圆括号括注在正文标注的参考文献数序号后。?
2.报纸——主要责任者.文献题名[文献类型标识].报纸题名,出版年月日(版次).例如:?
[3]谢希德.创造学习的新思路[N].人民日报,1998?12?25(1).?
3.期刊——主要责任者.文献题名[文献类型标识].期刊题名,年,卷(期):起止页码.例如:?
[4]陈驰.论人权的宪法保障[J].四川师范大学学报(社会科学版),2019,27(1):1-9.
4.专著、论文集、学位论文、报告等的析出文献——析出责任者.析出文献题名[文献类型标识].主要责任者.文献题名[文献类型标识].版本.出版地:出版者,出版年.例如:
[5]金介甫.引言[A].沈从文传[M].长沙:湖南文艺出版社,1992.
5.丛书里的专著及丛书里专著中的析出文献——主要责任者.专著题名[文献类型标识].卷页.主要责任者.丛书题名[文献类型标识].版本.出版情况.例如:
[6]梁启超.过去之中国史学界[A].中国历史研究法[M].民国丛书:第一编[Z].上海:上海书店,1989.
6.国际、国家标准——标准编号,标准名称[文献类型标识].例如:
[7]GB7714-37,文末参考文献著录规则[S].
7.各种未定类型文献——主要责任者.文献题名[文献类型标识].出版地:出版者,出版年.(或收藏情况.)例如:
[8]四川省教育厅.1956年选拔留苏预备生名册[Z].四川省档案馆:121全宗307卷.
8.电子文献——主要责任者.电子文献题名[电子文献及载体类型标识].电子文献的出处或可获得地址,发表或更新日期/引用日期(任选).例如:?
9.外文文献——用印刷体书写或打印。所列项目及次序与中文文献相同,英文书名、杂志名用斜体,文献类型可不标出。例如:
[10]Mansfeld, Busse. The Psychology of Creativity and Discovery. Chicago: Nelson Hall, 1981.?
[11]Yong. Managing Creative People. Joural of Creative Behavior, ? 1994,28(1).?
(三)参考文献类型标识 以纸张为载体的传统文献不标载体类型,非纸张型载体文献需在文献标识的同时标注载体类型。
以纸张为载体的参考文献类型标识为:
M——专著,
C——论文集,
N——报纸文章,
J——期刊文章,
D——学位论文,
R——报告,
S——标准,
P——专利,
Z——其他未说明文献类型,
A——专著、论文集中的析出文献。
非纸张型的电子文献标识为:
DB——数据库,
CP——计算机程序,
EB——电子公告。
电子文献及载体类型标识为:
DB/OL——联机网上数据库,
DB/MT——磁带数据库,
M/CD——光盘图书,
CP/DK——磁盘软件,
J/OL——网上期刊,
EB/OL——网上电子公告,
N/OL——网上报纸。
篇2:岳阳楼记反思总结
阅读教学是语文课堂的一大内容,在课堂教学中,必须钻研文本,走进文本的语言世界中去,用心研读,体味情感,才能为文本而感动,获得体验,感受人文。而进入文本最直接、最有效的方法就是细读文本。
《穷人》这一课渔夫与桑娜的对话,个性鲜明,恰如其分地表达了人物的真情实感,如渔夫的话显示出他爽直、乐于助人的品质,而桑娜则小心应对,说话断断续续,表明了她紧张、不安的内心,同时也看出她热爱丈夫、同情西蒙的善良品质。在教学过程中我通过引导学生抓住桑娜复杂的心理活动与她和丈夫的对话部分引导学生通过揣摩两次沉默,走进他们的内心世界。针对人物的对话描写,要先让学生自己试试怎么读才能读好,再分角色读,读出人物的真情。这样学生通过揣摩人物的对话、触摸到文中人物的心灵美。
篇3:岳阳楼记反思总结
今天我组内开课,上的是舒婷的《祖国啊,我亲爱的祖国》。我个人很喜欢这首诗歌,虽然本诗载道的意味很浓,但诗中运用了丰富而鲜见的意象,新奇、准确;语言铿锵有力,流畅而奔放;既有女性诗人特有的深情细腻,又具有女性诗人少有的大气磅礴,读完之后一股豪气、爱国之气在心中激荡难平。
感谢新课改能将这位后新生代诗人的代表诗作吸纳进语文课本。但是怎样在语文课上教好这首诗,怎么通过一两个主问题的设置引导学生全面、深入地悟读这首诗,怎样让学生有层次地朗读诗歌,从而读出诗的美感,读出自己的独特感悟,读出对诗歌的喜爱,成了我近日脑中不停思索又找不到突破口的问题。
昨天去鼓楼进修学校听了鼓楼区三位语文教师对余映潮老师的教学技巧做的全方位的解读,很受启发。晚上回家后,我静下心来再次备课。
我先明确了备课的总体思路,即先确定教学内容,再琢磨授课技巧。
1.读透诗歌,先把从网上和教参上把能找到的关于舒婷及本诗的介绍、赏析及解读文章看一遍,在心中先打上厚实的底。
2.研读诗歌,筛选出诗的美点。我打算引领学生探究的美点有:情感美、意象美、结构美、音韵美。
3.进行微观的构想,如课堂时间不够和多余两种情况下作何种调整,如个别意象上学生可能会出现的误读,如朗读中应重点指导的诗节,如各层次朗诵的时机与要求,如朗读配乐的选择等等。
备课至此,整堂课的脉络已经了然于胸。我知道,心里打了这样的底色,我的课堂可以信由学生发挥,灵动而个性地生成;我的课堂可以放得开又收得拢,在宏观和微观世界畅游。当然,课堂设计肯定有欠缺,课堂生成肯定有不尽如人意的地方,但这,也将是我永远追求不尽的前路。
篇4:岳阳楼记反思总结
第三单元的语文可真应景!当秋天踩着落叶诗意地走进我的视野时,课文里也开始秋意飘飞。
南方的四季并不分明,可是—入秋,阳光的颜色都变了——变得金黄金黄,十分悦目,恩……像个和善的老头儿。在上班时,我时常闭上眼细心地聆听秋叶"唰啦啦"飘落的声音。没想到这一习惯竟不知不觉被学生学了去……
看来自然是最好的老师,窗外已有满眼秋色,又何须我苍白的语言……
下课了,还有许多孩子围着我讲秋天……突然,念小婷很认真地问我:"老师,秋天为什么不和我们玩儿一下再走呢"她大概还在想课上的那个"秋天为何匆匆而来,匆匆而去"的问题吧!我笑了一下说:"她已经和你玩过了。只不过你没注意……比如它呼地一下摸了你的脸,唰地一下又碰了你的耳朵。"小婷开心地笑了。
回到办公室,念小婷的话在我的脑中反复盘旋,挥之不去。"为何不和我说一下再走"她大概是没时间玩耍吧!我突然一下子理解了这个上课爱吹泡泡的女生。也许,下课了,放学了,她又要被推进作业的漩涡里,根本没有时间玩……
嘿!我的孩子们自己已经找到了良方。下课了,孩子们放下笔记本,来到走廊上,闭着眼,"哇我听到了风声!""我听到云跑步的声音。"
听着听着,我哈哈大笑起来……
篇5:岳阳楼记反思总结
在《猜猜我是谁》的教学中,我大胆尝试新的教学方式,体现新课程的理念,主要有以下几个方面:
一、培养学生自主、探究、合作的学习方式。我有意识地给学生渗透自主、合作、探究的学习意识。教会学生怎样学习是学生掌握终身学习方法的良好开端。学生间通过互相交流,互相帮助。学生学习得快,掌握得好。在检测时,发现学生个个都能准确地读出读音。在自主合作学习中,学生的主体性,能动性得到提高。
二、利用游戏形式,激发学生学习兴趣。兴趣是激发学生从事学习的动力。游戏是学生喜闻乐见的形式。爱玩,爱活动是孩子的天性,学生是活泼好动的,在课堂中,为调节学生的学习,再度激发学生的学习兴趣,我分别与学生进行了两个小游戏:“猜猜我是谁”和“找朋友”。老师张嘴仅做动作,不发出声音,让学生猜,学生脸上洋溢着快乐的笑容……在玩中,学生巩固所学的知识,学得比较扎实。学生学得高兴,乐于学习,使课堂变成学习的乐园,学生在课堂中感受到乐趣,对学习会更感兴趣。
当然,在教学中,我还存在很多的不足之处,如:课堂时间设计不太合理,致使巩固环节显得仓促,在学生进行小组学习的时候没进行有效的指导,课堂有点乱。这些,都是需要我在今后的教学中不断学习,不断反思,不断提高,努力改正的地方。
篇6:岳阳楼记反思总结
1.教学思路非常清晰,紧紧扣住课文的层次结构和思想内容。指导学生找出对方的论点和论据,通过对比敌方的论据和我方的论据,直观、形象地让学生领悟到对方的观点是错误的,我方的观点是正确的,我们有并不失掉自信力的中国人在。先破后立,既破又立,破立结合,这是驳论文显著的特点,也是其常用的写作手法。最得意之处就是精心设计了板书,提纲挈领地帮助学生把握了文章的学习重点。课后很多老师私下和我交流,他们都说听了我这堂课知道以后该如何执教驳论文了。我想主要原因可能就是我抓住了驳论文的核心——批驳对方的错误观点进而树立作者正确的观点。鲁迅先生写这篇杂文就是为了批驳当时笼罩在中国各个领域的那种悲观亡国论调,鼓舞民族自信心。这应该是他写这篇文章的主要目的。
2.精读重点语段,以此品味文章的思想内涵以及作者遣词造句的技巧,体味作者语言犀利、力透纸背的语言特色。化繁为简,抓住关键语句来品读。如对国民党及社会名流“求国联”“求神佛”举动的深层理解,引导学生读课文下的注解,有意识地把课文注释整合成背景资料,并要求学生结合注解理解文章,不全面的地方我稍作补充。引导学生个别读,集体读,把难懂的课文容易化,降低了学生的学习困难,同时也激发学生想要学习文本的兴趣。
篇7:岳阳楼记反思总结
一、成功的喜悦
1、激发兴趣,自主读文。
为了能激起学生的自主读文的兴趣,教学伊始,我问学生:这是什么季节的景色?你想画什么?接着,我就和学生一起绘画了一幅秋天的图画。今天我们就一起到秋天里走一走、看一看。学生兴趣盎然。接着让学生用自已喜欢的读书方法读课文,可以和同桌一起读,也可以找好伙伴商量,还可以和学习小组的同学讨论。这样,通过营造开放宽松而富有创新活力的课堂氛围,让学生在感兴趣的自主活动中读文,整体感知课文的内容。学生有了认知的激情,就会自主参与,寻求新知,而不是被动接受灌输。学生整体感知课文后,再让学生自主识字:说说自己记住了哪些字,怎样记住的。然后我学着杨昱婷老师的教学生字的方法,把字剪成桂花、苹果、梨、枫叶的形状,让学生贴到相应的位置上,这样既增加了学生识字、记字的兴趣,又增强了识字、记字的效果。
2、美读课文,读中感悟。
这是一篇讲读课文,教学中,我让学生自读感悟,自主地从课文中找出自已想学的内容,多读多想;自主地讨论、交流,自觉地练习运用在精读课上学会的一些读书方法探究课文,使全体学生在积极的参与和协作中自读自悟,主动发展。例如:读完课文的第三自然段后,我问学生:大自然的地毯怎么画?你则呢知道?在课文中找出来读一读,画一画。然后再出示这一段再读,问学生读后有什么感觉?哪儿最美?学生说:“一抹金黄最美”。“那么什么是一抹金黄呢?”学生都不理解,我又适当引导:想一想秋天的草坪是什么样子的?有的说:“是黄色的。”有的说:“是一半绿一半黄的。”我及时点拨:“一半绿一半黄的草坪就像是染上了一抹金黄。”学生在自己的发现中完全了解了“一抹金黄”的意思,根本不用老师解释。再如:你还喜欢什么?在课文中找出来读一读。有的学生说喜欢星星。我知道了他不明白课文中的“星星”就是成熟的果子。我就让他读一遍:“课文中说星星在什么地方?”“果林里。”“果林里有星星吗?”“没有。“那会是什么?”“那是梨子、苹果熟了。”学生又在我的引导下明白了文中的“星星”是什么。
二、不足的惋惜
学习完课文内容后,为了培养学生的创新思维能力和口语表达能力,我鼓励学生大胆地想象、讨论:你喜欢秋天吗?喜欢秋天里的什么?学生兴趣盎然,都说喜欢,但却说不出秋天都有什么景色。也许现在还没有真正到秋天,学生以往没有注意观察周围世界的习惯。我觉得今后要注重引导学生养成爱观察的好习惯,全面提高学生的语文素养。另外学生的评价还显得不够到位,如他读的声音太小,读的没有感情等。今后应培养学生正确评价,评一评成功之处,不足在哪里,并能说出为什么。这样学生在自主评价的过程中会进一步理解文章的主题思想,提高审美情趣,使纸面上的静态内容跃出教材,转化为符合儿童个性特点的动态表演,让学生真正成为学习和发展的主体。
发展学生的语言和思维,培养学生的创造能力。
篇8:岳阳楼记反思总结
一、教学是一种再创造的过程
情景①在传统教学中司空见惯,面对新课改精神,这样的“认真”行为显得那么可笑,那么机械。
布卢姆曾说“人们无法预料教学所产生的成果的全部范围。没有预料不到的成果,教学也就不成为一种艺术了。”的确,教学过程是人与人交流沟通的过程,并非生产过程,完成一个个具体任务的时间,怎么可能精确到用多少分钟来划分呢。传统教学中,我们总试图使自己的预测和课堂上出现的状况完全吻合,这太缺乏创造性了。
二、教学是师生交往互动、共同发展的过程
新课程提出教学是教师的教与学生的学的统一,这种统一的实质是交往、互动,没有交往,没有互动,就不存在或不发生教学,那些只有教学的形式表现而无实质性交往的“教学”是假教学。
篇9:关于岳阳楼的导游词
现在耸立在各位面前的就是岳阳楼。楼顶悬挂的“岳阳楼”三字横匾,是1961年毛泽东主席提议,请离沫若先生题写的。岳阳楼高21.35米,为四柱,三层,飞檐,盔顶,纯木结构。中间的本根楠木大柱从地到顶承载大部分重力,再用12根“金柱”作为内围,支撑二楼,外围绕以20根檐柱,彼此牵制成为整体,飞檐与屋顶用伞形架传载荷重。三楼用如意斗拱层叠相衬,拱托楼顶。全楼没用一块砖石,全都用木料构成门缝对榫,结构严整,工艺精巧,造型庄重。飞檐和楼顶,都是盖的黄色琉璃筒瓦。各层檐面都有四条脊,第一层脊上饰以荷花、莲蓬,翘首为凤凰;第二层为昂首的龙头;第三层饰以卷草,翘首为回纹形如意祥云。整个楼阁重檐鳌突,藻井锁窗,雕梁画栋,丹柱彩楹,金碧辉煌,庄严壮丽。特别是三楼楼顶,很像古代将军的头盔,被称为盔顶,这在这国古代建筑中是相当罕见的。整个岳阳楼的建筑在美学、力学、建筑学、工艺学方面都有惊人的成就,因而自古就享有“岳阳天下楼”的美称。
大家不禁要问,既然是天下名楼,为什么只建了三层呢?据说当时修建者是取天时、地利、人和之意。岳阳楼的前身是三国东吴大将鲁肃的阅军楼。在一千七百多年前的东汉建安二十年,东吴的孙权为了和刘务争夺荆州,派鲁肃率领万名将士,驻守战略要地巴丘,也就是今天的岳阳。鲁肃在洞庭湖操练水军,并在城西依山傍水的地方,修筑坚固的城池,建造了指挥和检阅水军的阅军楼,这就是岳阳楼的前身。唐朝时阅军楼扩建,它基本原有了建筑艺术和历史风貌。好,现在请大家随我进岳楼内参观。
各位游客,这里首先映入我们眼帘的便是在神驰已久的《岳阳楼记》雕屏,它由12块紫檀木组成。前面我们说到,岳阳楼这一名称是在唐朝时才启用的。这时期,李白、杜甫、刘禹锡、李商隐等才华横溢的风流名士,或是落拓不羁的迁客骚人相继接踵而来。他们登楼远眺,泛舟洞庭,奋笔书怀。
但是,岳阳楼真正名扬天下,还是在北宋滕子京重修,范仲淹做《岳阳楼记》以后。庆历四年,遭人诬告的滕子京被贬为岳州知府,他上任后便筹办三件大事:一是在岳阳楼湖下修筑偃虹堤,以便防御洞庭湖的波涛;二是兴办郡学,造就人才;三是重修岳阳楼。重修后的岳阳楼规模宏大壮观。滕子京是个文武兼备的人,他认为“楼观非不文字称记者不为久”。这样一座楼阁,必需要有一篇名记记述,才能流芳千古。于是,他想到与自己同中进士的好友范仲淹。便写了一封《求记书》,介绍岳阳楼修葺后的结构和气势,倾吐了请求范仲淹作记的迫切心情,并请人画了一幅《洞庭秋晚图》,抄录了历代名士吟咏岳阳楼的诗词歌赋,派人日夜兼程,送往范仲淹当时被贬的住河南邓州。范仲淹是北宋著名政治家、文学家、军事家,他和滕子京一样,因为主张革新政治,受到排斥和攻击,被贬到邓州。他接到滕子京的信件后,反复阅读,精心构思,终于写出了千古名篇《岳阳楼记》。这篇文章全文虽然仅有368个字,但是内容博大,哲理精深,气势磅礴,语言铿锵,其中“先天下之忧而忧,后天下之乐而乐”成为传世名句。其实,《岳阳楼记》之所以能历代传颂,主要是由于它把一个重大的思想命题,极其巧妙而生动简洁地融入对优美景物的描写之中。它启迪人们:“不以物喜,不以已悲”,昭示了“先天下之忧而忧,后天下之乐而乐”这一崇高的人生哲理。作者那高尚的情操和宽阔的胸怀,不能不令人扼腕浩叹。先忧后乐,掷地有声,它激励着一代又一代的人想人生,思荣辱,知使命。作为一种中华民族优秀知识分子崇高人格文化的积淀,《岳阳楼记》以其至高至上的思想内容和艺术魅力,流传千古而不朽,滋养着人们的心灵。从那以后,岳阳楼的名声大震,传扬中外,这就是人们所说的“文以楼存,楼以文名”。据说滕子京接到范仲淹的《岳阳楼记》后,喜出望外,当即就请大书法家苏舜钦书写,并请著名雕刻家邵竦将它雕刻在木匾上。于是,楼、记、书法、雕刻全称“四绝”。可惜我们现在看到的并不是“四绝匾”。它早宋神宗年间便已经毁于大火之中。我们所见到的这幅雕屏是清代乾隆年间著名大书法家、刑部尚书张照书写的。
现在,让我们再注意一下一楼厅内的四根楠木大柱。这四根大柱自楼底直贯楼顶,支撑着整座楼的全部重量,再以12根柱代内圈,支撑二楼,周围绕以20根木柱,彼此牵制闩缝对榫,结为整体。整个岳阳楼为纯木结构,找不到一颗铁钉。各位还可以看到,在楼的四壁,悬挂着许多木刻匾对,这些都是古今名家吟咏岳阳楼的楹联。挂在楼堂正中的这副楹联,是清代大书法家何绍基写的,是岳阳楼最长的一副。这副对联是:
一楼何奇?杜少陵五言绝唱,范希文两字关情,滕子京百废俱兴,吕纯阳三过必醉。诗耶?儒耶?吏耶?仙耶?前不古人,使我怆然涕下。
请君试看:洞庭湖南极潇汀,扬子江北通巫峡,巴陵山西来爽气,岳州城东道岩疆。潴者,流者,峙者,镇者。此中有真意,问谁领会得来。
上联以“一楼何奇”起首,列兴了诗圣、名儒、贤吏、酒仙在岳阳楼所留下的诗文政绩和传统,抒发了作者吊古伤今的感慨;下联介绍了巴陵的名山、大川、雄关、险邑。如果您记下了这了这副对联,那么您对岳阳楼便有了大致的了解。
(在岳阳楼二楼)
一来到二楼,大家马上就发现在二楼也悬挂了一副《岳阳楼记》雕屏。这是为什么呢?这里面淬着一个真实的故事。清道光年间,岳阳来了个姓吴的知县,他一上任就看中了岳阳楼上的《岳阳楼记》雕屏,便用重金贿赂一个民间艺雕高手,花了十七个月时间精心临摹,秘密仿制雕屏赝品。两年后,吴知县趁调离岳阳楼之机,偷梁换柱,携带家小和张照的雕屏真迹,在一个风雨交加的夜晚出逃。没想到船行不久,风雨大作,船被风浪掀翻在洞庭湖的九马嘴段,雕屏也随波逐流,因是紫檀木制成,全部沉入了水中。后来,湖水干浅,《岳阳楼记》雕屏的真迹才被当地渔民打捞上来。打捞时,不慎将第八块屏上的“歌互”二字和第十块上的“乐”字损坏。当地文士吴敏树闻讯后,用120纹银从渔民手中将雕屏买回,花了三年时间临摹张照的手迹,才补上被损坏的三个字。各位现在可以看到,雕屏上还有明显的修补痕迹。又过将近120xx年,岳阳楼再度整修时,地方官员用120块大洋从吴氏后代后中将屏赎回,挂在岳阳楼二楼,这才“完壁归赵”。至于一楼那副,虽是赝品,也有120xx年历史了,当然是文物了。两副雕屏一真一假,正像一张功罪表,昭示后代子孙,值得我们深思。
(上三楼)
现在我们登上了岳阳楼的三楼,楼堂正中悬挂着毛泽东主席手书杜甫《登岳阳楼》诗的木刻雕屏,杜诗为:“昔闻洞庭水,今上岳阳楼。吴楚东南坼,乾坤日夜浮。亲朋无一定,老病有孤舟。戎马关山北,凭轩涕泗流。”其书法笔意奔放,布局严谨,雄健挺拔,形神兼备,笔触与唐代怀素的狂草相似。这是1964年秋天,毛主席从长沙乘火车返回北京途经岳阳时,在列车上即兴而书的。在雕屏两侧,挂有岳阳楼最短的一副对联,仅仅八个字。上联为“水天一色”,下联是“风月无边”。落款为“长庚李白”。当我们站在三娄凭窗远眺时,看到的洞庭湖水天相接,浑然一色;清风朗月,无边无际,山色湖光荟萃于楼时,得到的感觉正是“水天一色,风月无边”吗?最后,请各位再抬头看楼顶。楼顶彩富有民族地方特色的如意斗拱层叠相衬,荷重承力,拱托楼顶,用伞形架传载负荷,和盔顶结构一样,这在我们现存的古建筑中也是罕见的。
为了深化名楼内涵,丰富景区内容,岳阳楼正在加快景区建设,并已作出规划。岳阳楼的介绍我就给诸位讲解到这里,欢迎下次再到岳阳来。祝各位旅途愉快,一路顺风!
篇10:关于岳阳楼的导游词
岳阳楼坐西朝东,构造古朴独特,
岳阳楼的各种图片(22张)
岳阳楼台基以花岗岩围砌而成,台基宽度17.24米,进14.54米,高度为0.65米。岳阳楼高度19米,在建筑风格上,前人将其归纳为木制、三层、四柱、飞檐、斗拱、盔顶。岳阳楼是纯本结构,整座建筑没用一钉一铆,仅靠木制构件的彼此勾连。
“四柱”指的是岳阳楼的基本构架,首先承重的主柱是四根楠木,被称为“通天柱”从一楼直抵三楼。除四根通天柱外,其余的柱子都是四的倍数。其中廊柱有12根;檐柱是32根。这些木柱彼此牵制,结为整体,既增加了楼的美感,又使整个建筑更加坚固。
斗拱是中国建筑中特有的结构,由于古代中国建筑中房檐挑出很长,斗拱的基本功能就是对挑出的屋檐进行承托。这种方木块叫做“斗”,托着斗的木条叫做“拱”,二者合称斗拱。岳阳楼的斗拱结构复杂,工艺精美,几非人力所能为,当地人传说是鲁班亲手制造的。斗拱承托的就是岳阳楼的飞檐,岳阳楼三层建筑均有飞檐。
岳阳楼的楼顶为层叠相衬的“如意斗拱”托举而成的盔顶式,这种拱而复翘的古代将军头盔式的顶式结构在古代中国建筑史上是独一无二的。这顶就是岳阳楼最突出的特点——盔顶结构。据考证,岳阳楼是中国仅存的盔顶结构的古建筑。
岳阳楼采用纯木结构,其造型因露明的木梁柱、构件、装修具有线条优美的表现力,显示出中国古建筑的独特的民族风格。
篇11:介绍岳阳楼的英语导游词
Hello, everyone. Welcome to Yueyang Tower, one of the three famousbuildings in Jiangnan. Yueyang Tower is one of the national key cultural relicsprotection units and the first batch of 4A grade tourist areas. The landscapefeatures of Yueyang Tower can be summarized in four aspects. First, it has along history. Yueyang Tower, formerly known as Yuejun tower built by Lu Su, wasbuilt in the 19th year of Jianan (220__ AD) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, andbecame Yueyang Tower in the 2nd year of Qianyuan (759 AD) of emperor suzong ofTang Dynasty. Among the three famous buildings in the south of the YangtzeRiver, Yueyang Tower has the longest history. Second, it has unique scenery. Thescenery of Yueyang Tower is composed of river, lake, mountain and city. "Balingis like a victory, holding Yuanshan in a lake in Dongting, swallowing theYangtze River. Its boundless, bright and gloomy, and has a magnificentatmosphere.". Third, it has a profound culture. Yueyang Towers poetrycollection contains more than a thousand masterpieces, as well as a large numberof couplets, plaques, paintings and inscriptions. Most of them are permeatedwith the sense of hardship of famous Chinese people. For example, Du Fus"climbing Yueyang Tower" expresses his concern for the country and the people,and Fan Zhongyans "Yueyang Tower" brings this excellent tradition into fullplay. Su Dongpos philosophy of not being happy with things and not being sadfor himself, his sense of anxiety and happiness after the worlds worries, andhis spirit of integration made Su Dongpo express his emotion that "although itis not easy for sages to rise again"; Fourth, cultural relics are precious.Among the three famous buildings in the south of the Yangtze River, only YueyangTower is a state-level historical relic with historical, artistic and scientificvalue. Now we can see that Yueyang Tower is a pure wood structure, which wasoverhauled in 1983 according to the principle of "keeping the old as it is". Thewhole building is made of wood without a brick or a nail. The door seam ismortise and tenon, and the technology is very skillful. Well, friends, now infront of you is Yueyang Tower. The three characters "Yueyang Tower" on thehorizontal plaque were inscribed by Mr. Guo Moruo and have been included in thebook "Chinese famous plaque". You see, the whole building is supported by fourbig nanmu columns, which run from the bottom of the building to the top of thebuilding, and then the second floor is supported by 12 gold columns as the innerring, surrounded by 20 wooden columns, which are connected as a whole byrestraining the door joints and tenons. Yueyang Tower has three floors and threeeaves, with a helmet top wooden structure and yellow glazed tiles. Helmet top isthe outstanding feature of Yueyang Tower. You see, it looks like the helmet ofan ancient general. Its powerful and majestic. Its equipped with cornices. Ithas smooth curves and gives people a sense of power. If you look at the RuyiDougong under the helmet top, it looks like a honeycomb. It is layered andmatched. It is decorated with dragon head, phoenix head and cloud head. It notonly supports the gravity of the helmet top, but also makes the whole buildingmore exquisite, solemn and harmonious. Therefore, Yueyang Tower has made amazingachievements in aesthetics, mechanics, architecture and technology. When youenter the main building, the first thing you can see is the carved screen ofYueyang Tower, which is composed of 12 pieces of red sandalwood. Yueyang Towerreally became famous in the world. It was after Teng Zijing rebuilt YueyangTower in the Northern Song Dynasty and Fan Zhongyan wrote Yueyang Tower. In thefourth year of Qingli period, Teng Zijing was demoted to the magistrate ofYuezhou. After he took office, he rebuilt Yueyang Tower and invited his friendFan Zhongyan Zhong Yan wrote down the famous article Yueyang Tower. Although thefull text of this article is only 368 words, it has broad content, profoundphilosophy, magnificent momentum and sonorous language, which has become thebest song for thousands of years. And "worry about the world first, and enjoythe world later" has become a famous sentence handed down from generation togeneration, and has become the accumulation of the noble personality culture ofthe excellent intellectuals of the Chinese nation. The story of Yueyang Tower,with its supreme ideological content and artistic charm, has been handed downfor thousands of years and is immortal, nourishing peoples hearts. The coupletsof Yueyang Tower sung by ancient and modern masters on the first floor. Standinghere on the third floor of the top floor of Yueyang Tower, we can enjoy themajestic momentum of "holding the distant mountains and swallowing the YangtzeRiver" and the beautiful scenery of lakes and mountains. You can see that thewater and sky of Dongting Lake are united, the wind is clear, the moon isboundless, the mountains are beautiful, and the lake is full of light. Dont youget the feeling that "the water and the sky are united, the wind and the moonare boundless"? In the middle is the strip screen of Deng Yueyang Tower writtenby Du Fu in Mao Zedongs handwriting. You can see that it has strict layout,bold and unrestrained brushwork, strong and straight, which is deeply rooted inthe legacy of huaisus wild grass and has its own style This is really a rareart treasure, hanging here, making Yueyang Tower even more icing on the cake.Ill explain the introduction of Yueyang Tower to you. Welcome to come hereagain. Thank you
篇12:关于岳阳楼的导游词
各位游客: 大家好,欢迎到江南三大名楼之一的岳阳楼参观游览。岳阳楼是国家重点文物保护单位,首批国家4A级旅游区。岳阳楼的景观特色可以概括为四个方面:
一是历史悠久。 岳阳楼的前身为鲁肃修建的阅军楼,始建于东汉建安十九年(即公元 214 年),距今已有 1700 多年历史,在江南三大名楼中岳阳楼的历史最为悠久。西晋南北朝时称“巴陵城楼” ,初唐时称为“南楼”,中唐李白赋诗之后,始称“岳阳楼” 。现在我们所看到的呢,是清朝光绪年间的岳阳楼。 二是风景独特。岳阳楼胜景由江、湖、山、城构成。正如范仲淹的《岳阳楼记》所描写的“巴陵胜状,在洞庭一湖,衔远山,吞长江,浩浩汤汤,横无际涯,朝晖夕阴,气象万千。”(值得一提的是20xx年端午节岳阳市民按岳阳楼真实景观的5:1的比例缩制,用5.5万个粽子在南湖广场搭成了岳阳楼模型,并成功入选了吉尼斯世界纪录。可谓轰动一时。)
三是他的文化深厚。《岳阳楼诗文集》收录了千余篇名篇佳作及大量的楹联匾屏和书画碑刻,大多数都贯穿着中华民族的“忧患意识”。比如杜甫的《登岳阳楼》,其忧国忧民之情,溢于言表。范仲淹的《岳阳楼记》更是将这个优秀的传统发挥到了巅峰。“不以物喜,不以己悲”的处世哲理,“先天下之忧而忧,后天下之乐而乐”的忧患意识,融汇的精神使当时苏东坡发出了“虽圣人复起不易斯言”的感慨。
四、是岳阳楼的文物珍贵。江南三大名楼中,唯有岳阳楼是保持原址、原貌,具有历史、艺术、科学价值的国家级文物。现在大家所见到的岳阳楼为纯木结构,1983 年按“整旧如旧”的原则落架大修而成。全楼没用一块砖石,没有一颗铁钉,全部用木料构成,门缝对榫(sun),工艺十分精巧。
好,朋友们,现在各位面前的就是岳阳楼。横匾上 “岳阳楼”三字是由郭沫若先生题写的,现已编入《中国名匾》一书。大家请看,整个大楼由四根楠木大柱支撑,自楼底直贯楼顶,再以十二根金柱为内圈,支撑二楼,周围则绕以 20 根木柱,彼此牵制,门缝对隼,连结为整体。岳阳楼三层三檐,盔顶式木结构,盖黄色琉璃瓦。盔顶是岳阳楼建筑的突出特色,大家请看它形似古代将军的头盔据说盔顶得设计也是为了纪念岳阳楼的创建者鲁肃将军,我们从这里望去它威武雄壮,配以飞檐,曲线流畅,给人势欲凌空之感。大家再看盔顶下的如意斗拱,它形似蜂窝,层叠相衬,饰以龙头、凤头,云头文饰,既承托盔顶重力,又使整个建筑更精美、庄重、和谐。因此,岳阳楼的建筑在美学、力学、建筑学和工艺学方面都有着惊人的成就。(值得一提的是我们现在所处的位置是20xx年北京奥运圣火在岳阳站也是湖南省传递的首站,由著名科学家——“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平先生执棒。)
进入主楼,首先映入眼帘的是大家神驰已久的《岳阳楼记》的雕屏,岳阳楼开始真正名扬天下是在北宋藤子京重修岳阳楼,范仲淹做《岳阳楼记》 以后。自此岳阳楼的名声大震,传扬中外,这就是人们所说的“文以楼存,楼以文名”。我们所见到的这幅雕屏由 12 块紫檀木组成。是清代乾隆年间张照书写的。张照是何许人也,等我们上了二楼再为大家揭晓。这篇文章全文虽然仅 368 个字,但是内容博大、哲理精深,而“先天下之忧而忧,后天下之乐而乐”则更成为传世名句。大家都知道《岳阳楼记》雕屏属于国家级文物,不可能拿来交易,但也
有人对其进行了市场估价,说它价值3000万元,姑且不论它合理否由此我们也可以窥见整个岳阳楼价值之高,所以大家一定要珍惜见识国宝的机会深刻认识它的价值呀!现在我们往四周看,在楼的四壁,悬挂着许多木刻匾对,这些都是古今名家吟咏岳阳楼的楹联。 挂在楼堂正中的这副楹联,是清代大书法家何绍基写的,也是岳阳楼最长的一副。
我们现在登上的是岳阳楼的顶层三楼,我们先来看下雕屏两侧挂有岳阳楼最短的一副对联,仅仅八个字。上联为“水天一色”,下联是“风月无边”。落款为“长庚李白”。我们都知道李白一生作诗无数,但是对联就只有这一幅。站在这儿凭窗远眺,得到的感觉不正是 “水天一色,风月无边”吗?中间就是毛泽东手书杜甫《登岳阳楼》的条屏,你看它布局严谨,笔意奔放,铁画银钩,雄健挺拔,深得唐代怀素狂草遗风,且又自成一格。这是一件难得的艺术珍品,悬挂于此,使得岳阳楼更是锦上添花。岳阳楼的介绍我就给诸位讲解到这里了,欢迎大家下次再到岳阳来。谢谢大家!
桃花源
各位游客,大家好,欢迎来桃花源旅游观光! 因为东晋诗人陶渊明先生的《桃花源记》使桃花源名扬天下。千百年来,桃花源以其幽静秀美的独特风貌,吸引了无数慕名而来的游客。
现在登上的这座桥,叫“穷林桥”,以《桃花源记》“欲穷其林”而命名。传说当年武陵渔郎沿溪而行,置身于一片桃花林中十分惊讶。
眼前这座精美的建筑物就是菊圃,建于明万历年间,原为渊明祠,因陶渊明爱菊,于是改名菊圃。门口有副对联:“却怪武陵渔,自洞口归来,把今古游人忙煞;欲寻彭泽令,问田园安在,惟桃花流水依然。”是说当年武陵渔人,从世外桃源出来以后,把人间仙境透露出去,引来了古往今来的游人想找陶渊明先生问良田美景究竟在哪里,只有桃花流水千古不变。
走进菊圃大门,正中是一块石刻,后面是《饮酒》诗,“采菊东篱下,悠然见南山”。这栋古朴典雅的建筑就是渊明祠。正门廊柱上,挂着一副概括了陶公秉性的楹联:“心爱菊,睥睨荣华,难为斗米折腰,辞去彭泽县令;性嗜酒,不汲富贵,甘愿南山种豆,归来五柳先生。”这幅对联写出了陶渊明心爱菊花,厌恶荣华,不愿为五斗米折腰,辞去彭泽县令;他特别喜欢喝酒,从不追求富贵,心甘情愿归隐田园,种豆南山,好个五柳先生啊!渊明祠正中,供有汉白玉雕刻的渊明像,右边是他自传体铭文《五柳先生传》。这30多幅画,以历代名家所写陶渊明为依据,介绍陶渊明这个伟大诗人61个春秋的人生旅途,他五次出仕为官,五次归隐田园,不为五斗米折腰,41岁辞去彭泽县令后,乐道清贫,安居田园,终老一生。
这里是方竹亭,原名“桃川八方亭”,建于明万历二十三年(公元1595年),为八方三门四窗砖石结构。亭子旁边的方竹为桃花源珍品之一,亭子也因此而得名。1995年,游览到这里,抚摸方竹后,连声说:“还真是方的呢!”
踏着古朴的石板小径,我们来到了“秦人古洞”。现在尽收眼底的这些房屋,古香古色,都是村民的住宅,他们世世代代在这块乐土上,繁衍生息。有趣的是,这里许多人家都姓秦,大概是为“避秦时乱”,就以朝代为姓吧。他们非常好客,“每逢客至,必设酒杀鸡作食”,并“咸来问讯”。
沿齐整而古朴的石级下行,首先到达秦人居。秦人居为秦代建筑样式,古窗幽壁,雕梁画栋,飞檐斗角,室内陈设极富先秦风味,室外田园桑竹,古意苍茫。
走出秦人居,便是竹廊。竹廊全用竹子精工做成,廊亭相连,结构精巧,造型奇特。远观蛇行龙腾,气势非凡。
不知不觉,来到公议堂,这公议堂为回廊穿斗式木构古典建筑,传为秦人所建,内有院坪、戏台和鱼池。公议堂是秦人议事之处,凡祭祀、婚丧、营造等大事,均在此处理。
好了,我的讲解就到这里了,如有不足之处请多提宝贵意见!
篇13:关于岳阳楼的导游词
好了,请大家看门前这副“洞庭天下水,岳阳天下楼”的楹联,其下句为“谁为天下士,饮酒楼上头。”今天各位就来当一当天下士,以洞庭为酒,开怀畅饮,一起品位博大精深的岳阳楼文化和岳阳的壮丽山川吧!兴许您也会像诗仙李白一样“醉煞洞庭秋”!
登上巴陵古城墙,穿过“南极潇湘”、“北通巫峡”的牌坊,进入眼帘的就是江南三大名楼之冠的岳阳楼。为什么说岳阳楼是江南三大名楼之冠了,有哪位朋友知道吗?好的,就请大家听小X慢慢道来吧!一,历史悠久。大家看看眼前这楼是不是有一种历史的沧桑感?岳阳楼创建的具体时间已不可考,只知在公元220xx年前后,距今已有1700多年历史,其前身相传为三国时期东吴大将鲁肃的“阅军楼”,西晋南北朝时称“巴陵城楼”,初唐时,称为“南楼”,中唐李白赋诗之后,始称“岳阳楼”。所以说咱这岳阳楼面子可不小哦!要由我们的诗仙李白来亲自命名!大家看看横匾“岳阳楼”,这三字是由郭沫若先生题写的,现以编入《中国名匾》一书!
大家再仔细看看这楼,有没有发现其特别之处?这位朋友好棒哦!居然小X知道想说什么。对了,岳阳楼第二个特点就是文物珍贵。在江南三大名楼中唯有岳阳楼是保持其原址、原貌,具有历史、艺术、科学价值的国家级文物!咱们这岳阳楼楼高21.35米,可以用十个字来概括其建筑特点:“四柱、三层、飞檐、盔顶、纯木”!大家可看清楚了?咱这岳阳楼可是未用一砖一瓦,一颗铁钉的!在建筑上是不是一个奇迹啊?说到这,小X就想和大家说一故事:相传在建楼时,人们怎么也无法把楼层很好地建成,这时来了一七旬老者,手拿一尺,对大伙说,让我试试看吧?大家别无它法,只好让老者试试,不曾想老者三两下就把大家一直解决不了的问题给轻松地解决了!大家正想酬谢,却只见地上一把尺,不见老者的踪影,拾起尺子一看,居然写着“鲁班尺”,所以在我们岳阳一带有“鲁班助楼”的传说!再看看这“飞檐”可是咱老祖宗聪明才智的体现!其便于采光,减少笨拙感,同时节约了用料!大家看看这屋顶像不像古代将军的头盔?对了,这就是“盔顶”,这种建筑方式并不多见,据说是现在仅存的啦!威武雄壮的“盔顶”,配以飞檐,曲线流畅,给人势欲凌空之感!再看“盔顶”下的如意斗拱,它形似蜂窝,层叠相衬,饰以龙头、凤头、云头纹饰,既承托盔顶重力,又使整个建筑更精美、庄重、和谐。屋面的宝顶、脊饰、翘首等构件都是清代中叶遗留下来的陶制精品。因此,岳阳楼的建筑在美学、力学、建筑学和工艺学方面都有惊人的成就!因而自古就享有“岳阳天下楼”的美称。
大家不禁要问,既然是天下名楼,为什么只建了三层呢?有朋友说,在古代三层就为高楼了,话是如此,但更重要的是封建迷信,据说当时修建者是为取天时、地利、人和之意!
古代建筑都与风水学有着说不清,道不明的关系。大家看看这四根通天金柱。这四根楠木大柱自楼底直贯楼顶,代表的就是一年四季,作为内圈的12根大柱就象征着一年的12个月。大家再数数看,在这周围有多少柱子啊?这位朋友数的可真快,一下子就数出来是20根了,这20根柱子有什么含义吗?大家想想,可以参照小X刚刚的讲法!
大家来看看这幅雕屏,哇!是大家神驰已久的《岳阳楼记》的雕屏的哦!其由12块紫檀木组成,黑底绿字!当年滕公子京接到范仲淹的《岳阳楼记》后,喜出望外,请大书法家苏子美书写,著名雕刻家邵竦将它雕刻在木匾上。于是,楼、记、书法、雕刻合称“四绝”。可惜雕刻毁于宋神宗年间大火中。我们无缘得见啦!现在的雕屏是由清干隆年间著名大书法家、刑部尚书张照书写的。干隆称其为“王羲之之后的第一人”,其字字型方正、笔力雄浑、技法多变、独具匠心,为传世精品!但请大家张大眼睛瞧仔细了,待会到二楼,我们还将看到另一副雕屏,其中一真一假,哪副才是咱们张大人的真迹了?请大家自个瞧仔细呢!
大家可记下了这幅雕屏?好了,我们一起去二楼看看另一幅吧!
各位朋友,请看这中堂的雕屏,与一楼的有什么不同吗?仔细瞧瞧!对了,一楼是黑底绿字,而这幅是金字!为什么在同一栋楼里会同时存有两块一样的雕屏呢?就让小X给大家讲一个真实的故事:清道光年间,岳阳来了个姓吴的知县,他一上任就看中了岳阳楼上的《岳阳楼记》雕屏,便用重金贿赂一个民间艺雕高手,花了十七个月时间精心临摹,秘密仿制雕屏赝品。两年后,吴知县趁调离岳阳楼之机,偷梁换柱,携带家小和张照的雕屏真迹,在一个风雨交加的夜晚出逃。没想到船行不久,风雨大作,船被风浪掀翻在洞庭湖的九马嘴段,雕屏也随波逐流,因是紫檀木制成,全部沈入了水中。后来,湖水干浅,《岳阳楼记》雕屏的真迹才被当地渔民打捞上来。打捞时,不慎损坏了三个字,当地一文士吴敏树花了三年时间临摹张照的手迹才补上。各位现在可以看到,这雕屏上还有明显的修补痕迹,所以我们现在看见的这幅才是张大人的真迹!至于一楼那副,虽是赝品,其也有100多年的历史了,也是文物了。两副雕屏一真一假,正像一张功罪表,昭示着后代子孙!
大家请随小X一起登楼,同看那范公笔下的“巴陵胜状,在洞庭一湖。衔远山,吞长江,浩浩汤汤,横无际涯;朝晖夕阴,气象万千”的洞庭湖。呵呵!我们的这位朋友好聪明哦!知道小张接下来要给大家讲岳阳楼为三大名楼之冠的第三个原因了,那就是风景独特。岳阳楼的胜景由江、湖、山、城构成。有诗云:“楼前十分风景好,一分山色九分湖”,就是对岳阳楼地理形胜的绝妙赞美,岳阳楼是得水而壮,得山而妍,形胜江南!世人只知范公的《岳阳楼记》,不知滕公子京也为骚客,其有词,云:“湖水连天,天连水,秋来分澄清。君山自是小蓬瀛,气蒸云梦泽,波撼岳阳城。帝子有灵能鼓瑟,凄然依旧伤情。微闻兰芷动芳馨,曲终人不见,江上数峰青。”短短59个字写景抒情,却很有气势!
“昔闻洞庭水,今上岳阳楼。吴楚东南坼,乾坤日夜浮。亲朋无一字,老病有孤舟。戎马关山北,凭轩涕泗流。”这是幅木刻雕屏是毛主席手书的杜甫的《登岳阳楼》,其书法笔意奔放,布局严谨,雄健挺拔,形神兼备,笔触与唐代怀素的狂草相似。在雕屏两侧的楹联“水天一色,风月无边。” 落款为“长庚李白”,也就是我们的诗仙李白了,一楼同存诗仙、诗圣和和主席的真迹实在是不简单啊!由此可以看出咱岳阳楼的深厚文化!这就是小张要说的第四点了,岳阳楼文化的深厚!古往今来,多少文人骚客在此留下了足、笔,而真正使岳阳楼闻名天下的是北宋范仲淹作的《岳阳楼记》,这篇文章全文虽只寥寥368字,但其内容之博大,哲理之精深,气势之磅礴,语言之铿锵,真可谓匠心独道,字字珠玑,千秋之绝唱也!而"先天下之忧而忧,后天下之乐而乐"则成为传世名句,成为中华民族优秀知识分子崇高人格文化的沉淀!
请大家放下心中杂念,凭轩远眺,看着那浩淼的八百里洞庭,是否会与范公产生共鸣?当年范公未曾登临这“天下楼”,却作了不朽的《岳阳楼记》;今日你我同登这千古名楼,可有一种超脱世俗之感?
时间不早了,我们的游览马上就要结束了!转过身,让我们再摸摸四根楠木大柱,您想到了什么?四根金柱为我中华民族撑起了“先忧后乐”、百折不挠的民族脊梁千年!
“天下楼”的登临就要结束了,大家还有什么问题吗?噢!对了,小X还没告诉大家那20根柱子的含义。聪明的朋友可能已经知道答案了,对了,就是20加4,24,中国的24节气,您可猜出?现在行程结束请大家跟小X一起上车返程休息!
篇14:岳阳楼记反思总结
1、课堂中运用多媒体手段激情引趣,以情感角度切入,激起学生的学习兴趣。“说”、“读”、“演”、“解”,将多种能力的训练渗透其中。 2、把自主权还给学生,给学生搭建一个锻炼自我、展示自我的舞台,解放其思想和个性,改变以接受为主的单一的学习方式,形成自主、合作、探究的学习方式,让他们在“学中乐”,在“乐中学”。
3、这篇课文思想深刻,主题的理解是多向的,要引导学生多角度,有创意地理解主题,有一定的难度。因此,除了自主探究,合作交流,还创设了一个与作品中与人物对话的活动。让学生进入文本,充分解读,或完成角色互换,直白内心。
不足之处:1、课堂秩序老师稍微把握不慎,会有点混乱。
2、对于自觉性差的同学,可能无法跟上节奏。因为没有预习。
3、扩展知识还不够。
文章通过对风筝事件的叙述和严肃的自我解剖,批判了那些受封建教育思想影响、无端压制子弟的父兄,抒发了因四周的寒威和冷气而形成的无可把握的悲哀,表达了对冷酷现实的极端憎恶和对春日的热烈憧憬。即文中有兄弟之情,有游戏之于儿童的意义,有鲁迅的自省精神,有鲁迅对小兄弟深受 “虐杀”却无怨恨的深沉感慨。
对于文章主旨的把握,一定要立足位于文本,透过学生最为熟悉的“故乡的春天”的温暖与北京严冬的肃杀的景色描写的对比、“风筝事件”中的动作个神态描写以及多年之后的“自责”“愧疚”等情感描写,根据学生的实际进行恰当解读。最好不要进行的那么深入,特别是不要借助各种参考资料,一股脑的堆砌在学生面前。
篇15:岳阳楼记反思总结
今天,我上的是一篇略读课主,怎么算是略,很难把握。我觉得我还是领得很牢,设计上我是从课文的提示语出发,围绕商人丢失的骆驼有哪些特点?老人是怎么知道骆驼的这些特点的?这两个问题展开讨论。而这篇课文内容来讲非常清楚,语言上以对话为主,文章前半部分不急着讲老人是根据什么知道骆驼特点的,而是写老人十分详细描述骆驼特点,让人产生阅读的欲望。
通过多种形式的朗读来达到读正确、读流利的目的。以老师的示范和指导来读出人物的证据,商人的关键、高兴、生气抓关键词语自读感悟,划一划等方式找出骆驼的特点以及老如何知道这些物点的原因,分析板书进行引导。
随机指导字音,作为略读课文,没有字词上的具体要求,根据学生学习过程中的问题来指正,词语的一些意思通过像演一演、找近义词、换词的方法来理解。
课文的朗读以自读、同桌合作、齐读这几种朗读方式进行。
教学后有几个地方觉得另有想法。
初读完课文没有全部将学生的问题解答,对于课文的整体把握存在问题。直接提出问题讲骆驼的特点前后联系不大,或者产生另外的思路与想法。
谁找骆驼——找到了吗——怎么样找的。
谁找骆驼——为什么找骆驼——骆驼的样子——怎样找-结果,当学生的回答与自己的预设存在偏差,我要如何不慌不忙的引导。
今天从问题角度来说,回答的面还是比较广的,回答的质量也可以,回答的指导上我也尽量使他完整回答,对说好话,写好文,有一定的帮助。
评价语上一开始比较有把握,但慢慢走到后面就不知如何是好。
思绪有点乱,还要好好整理与思考。
篇16:岳阳楼记反思总结
新课程的一个重要理念就是为学生带给“做”数学的机会,本节课我充分体现了这一理念,以学生为主体,在民主和谐的氛围中,引导学生大胆猜想、思考验证,在探索实践中获取新知,主要特点有以下三个方面:
一、重联系生活实际,让学生在猜测质疑中明确学习目标。
本节课初始,我用“老师打电话,通知我班的40名学生这天带工具到学校栽花,打一个电话需要1分钟,你们猜猜老师一共用了多少分钟”这个生活中学生能经常接触到的事例让学生猜想,然后透过“只用6分钟”这个结果激起学生的学习兴趣,把学生带入学习数学的情境中。“想不想明白老师是怎样打电话的这节课我们来研究如何打电话才能节省时间的问题。”引发学生思考,激起学生的探究欲望,引入课题,明确学习目标。
二、重学习过程体验,在探究实践中落实目标。
合作探究时,在学生顺利完成“老师依次给15个学生打电话需要15分钟”这个方案后,我进一步激发学生探索欲望,“昨日老师用的是这种方法吗”激发学生寻找最优方案,从低层次的逐个通知到分组通知,从老师一人通知到一部分学生帮忙老师通知,最后到所有接到通知的学生都帮老师打电话。
学习目标呈现逐步递进的过程,并与学生的生活紧密地结合在一齐,自然的使学生进入创设的探究情境中。教学时,我还注重学生探究分析潜力的培养。当学生明确分组打电话,能够节省一部分时间,在学生自我验证后,我强调给40人打电话才用6分钟,学生明确老师不是用这种方法打的;进一步激发学生思考:怎样打电话才能更节省时间呢当学生提出让更多的人帮老师打电话能够更省时间,引导学生明确:要想更节省时间就就应让每一个接到通知的学生都帮老师打电话。整节课探究活动为学生带给了充分思考的空间,学生经历了猜想、实践、验证等学习数学的过程,充分发挥了学生的主体作用,学生的数学综合实践潜力得到了培养,让学生更好地体验了数学生活,提高了学生解决数学实际问题的潜力。
三、在实践应用中完成目标。
数学实践的最终目标是“构成数学潜力,解决生活中的实际问题”。这节课我在“应用规律解决问题”这一环节中设计了两个步骤,首先引导学生根据设计方案中的数据填表,填到“4分钟明白通知的共有16人”后,跳过5分钟,直接设疑提出“6分钟明白通知的一共有多少人”拓展了学生思考的空间,实现了思维跳跃。促使学生在独立思考与合作交流中,根据表中数据发现隐含的数学规律----“每增加一分钟扩大2倍”,同时解决了实际问题;最后透过“通知65人需要几分钟”这个训练,让学生运用规律解决生活中的数学问题,培养了学生逆向思维潜力。
篇17:介绍岳阳楼的英语导游词
Dear tourists
Hello everyone, welcome to Yueyang Tower, one of the three famous buildingsin Jiangnan.
Yueyang Tower is a national key cultural relic protection unit and one ofthe first batch of national 4A tourist areas. The landscape characteristics ofYueyang Tower can be summarized into four aspects. First, it has a long history.Yueyang Tower, formerly known as Yuejun tower built by Lu Su, was built in the19th year of Jianan in the Eastern Han Dynasty (A.D. 220__) and was namedYueyang Tower in the 2nd year of Qianyuan in the Tang Dynasty (A.D. 759). It hasthe longest history among the three famous buildings in the south of the YangtzeRiver.
Second, the scenery is unique. Yueyang Tower is composed of river, lake,mountain and city. "Baling Sheng shape, a trace in the Dongting, the title ofthe distant mountains, swallow the Yangtze River, vast, boundless horizontal,morning and evening Yin, magnificent." The poet Du QinYong said: "the vast snowwaves with smoke, the sky and the West back painting, the building is verybeautiful scenery, a mountain nine lake." Yueyang Tower is a marvelous praisefor its geographical shape. It is strong with water, beautiful with mountainsand better than Jiangnan in shape. Third, it has a profound culture. YueyangTower poetry anthology contains more than a few famous works, a large number ofcouplets, plaques, paintings and inscriptions, most of which are permeated withthe "sense of hardship" of the Chinese nation. _In Du Fus "climbing the YueyangTower", he said, "I heard the Dongting water in the past, but now Im going tothe Yueyang Tower. In the southeast of Wu and Chu, heaven and earth float dayand night. Family and friends have no word, old and sick have their own boat.The army passes the mountain north, depending on the Xuan tears Si flow Hisconcern for the prison and the people is beyond expression. Fan Zhongyans"Yueyang Tower" is the development of this excellent tradition to the peak. Thephilosophy of "not to be happy with things, not to be sad with yourself", Atthat time, Su Dongpo expressed his emotion that "although it is not easy for asage to rise again", which Liu Shaoqi introduced as the criterion for thecultivation of Communist Party members, Hu Yaobang praised as thecrystallization of traditional Chinese virtues. It is indeed the most preciouscultural relics of Chinese spiritual civilization. Among the three famousbuildings in the south of the Yangtze River, only Yueyang Tower is a nationalcultural relic with historical, artistic and scientific value. The Yueyang Towernow seen is a pure wood structure. It was overhauled in 1983 according to theprinciple of "keeping the old as it is". It has four columns, three floors,cornices and helmet top. The whole building is made of wood without a brick or anail. The door joints are mortise and tenon. The workmanship is very exquisite.In history, Yueyang Tower has been destroyed and repaired for more than 50times. Friends, this couplet in front of the door, "Dongting Tianxia water,Yueyang Tianxia tower", is extracted from the five character quatrains of WeiYunzhen, a poet of the Ming Dynasty. The last two sentences of this poem are"who is the scholar in the world, drinking on the top of the building." Today,you are going to be the corporal of the day. Lets enjoy the profound YueyangTower culture and the magnificent mountains and rivers of Yueyang with Dongtingas the wine. Maybe you will be as drunk as Li Bai.
On the wall of Baling ancient city, the "Xiaoxiang archway in the SouthPole" and the "Wuxia archway in the north" were built in the Qing Dynasty. Thecouplets of chanting scenery in the two places are all written by famousartists. In the north of the ancient times, he Shaoji, a great calligrapher ofthe Qing Dynasty, wrote couplets, and Li duo, a famous calligrapher of thecontemporary era. In the south, Zhang Zhao, who wrote Yueyang Tower in the QingDynasty, and Liu Haisu, a contemporary master of calligraphy and painting, wrotethe couplet. From then on, we can see that Yueyang Tower was loved by literatiof all ages.
Now in front of you is Yueyang Tower. The three characters of "YueyangTower" on the horizontal plaque were inscribed by Mr. Guo Moruo, and now it hasbeen compiled into the book named plaque of Zhongjun. Yueyang Tower is 2135mhigh, 1724m wide and 14.56m deep. Three story three eaves, helmet top type woodstructure, covered with yellow glazed tiles. The helmet top is a prominentfeature of Yueyang Tower. You can see that it looks like the helmet of anancient general. It is powerful and majestic. With cornices, it has smoothcurves and gives people a sense of power. Looking at the Ruyi Dougong under thehelmet top, it looks like a beehive. It is decorated with dragon head, phoenixhead and cloud head. It not only supports the gravity of the helmet top, butalso makes the whole building more exquisite, solemn and harmonious. The top ofthe roof, ridge ornaments, head up and other components are all ceramic productsleft over from the middle of the Qing Dynasty. Therefore, Yueyang Tower has madeamazing achievements in aesthetics, mechanics, architecture and technology.
When you enter the main building, the first thing you see is the carvedscreen of Yueyang Tower, which is composed of 12 pieces of red sandalwood. Asmentioned above, the name of Yueyang Tower was only used in the Tang Dynasty. Atthat time, Li Bai, Du Fu, Liu Yuxi, Li Shangyin and other talented personagesand poets came one after another. They look out from the cantharidin tower, goboating in Dongting, and write hard. In his poem "climbing Yueyang Tower withXia 12", Li Bai described it as follows: "the tower views Yueyang as far aspossible, and the Sichuan Dongting opens. The wild goose leads the sorrowfulheart to go, the mountain holds the good month to come. Even stay in the clouds,the sky line cup. After getting drunk, the cool wind blows and the people danceLi Shangyin, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, also wrote the poem Yueyang Tower:"if you want to get rid of your worries, you can go to Yueyang Tower on DongtingLake. Its a pity that thousands of Li can take advantage of the prosperity.Its a dragons solution to the shipwreck. " The Yueyang Tower became more andmore famous because of these new words.
However, it was after Teng Zijing rebuilt Yueyang Tower and Fan Zhongyanwrote Yueyang Tower. In the fourth year of Qingli period, Ying Zijing wasdemoted to be the governor of Yuezhou. After he took office, he organized threemajor events: first, building a rainbow dike under the Yueyang Tower to defendthe waves of Dongting Lake; second, setting up a county school to cultivatetalents; third, rebuilding the Yueyang tower. Teng Zijing has both literarytalent and military strategy. He thinks that "it is not long for Louguan to becalled a reporter by writing, and the writing is not written by those who aretalented and powerful.". So he thought of his friend Fan Zhongyan, who was aJinshi in the same middle school. He wrote a Book of Qiuji, which introduced thestructure and momentum of Yueyang Tower after it was revised. He poured out hiseagerness to ask Fan Zhongyan to write a record. He also asked someone to draw apicture of autumn evening in Dongting, which copied the poems and Odes ofYueyang Tower chanted by famous scholars of all ages. He sent people to FanZhongyans demoted residence day and night It is located in Dengzhou. FanZhongyan was a famous statesman, litterateur and militarist in the Northern SongDynasty. Like Wei Zijing, he was rejected and attacked because he advocated theinnovation of politics. After receiving the letter from Teng Zijing, he read itrepeatedly and thought about it carefully, and finally wrote the famous story ofYueyang Tower. Although the full text of this article is only 368 words, it hasbroad content, profound philosophy, majestic momentum, sonorous language andpearly words. It has become a masterpiece for thousands of years. However, thesaying "first worry about the world, and then joy about the world" has become afamous saying handed down from generation to generation, and has become theaccumulation of the noble personality culture of the outstanding knowledge ofthe Chinese nation. The story of Yueyang Tower, with its supreme content andartistic charm, has been handed down for thousands of years and nourishedpeoples hearts. After receiving Fan Zhongyans Yueyang Tower, Teng Zijing wasoverjoyed. He immediately asked Su Zimei, a great calligrapher, to write it andShao Songhui, a famous sculptor, to engrave it on a wooden plaque. As a result,Lou, Ji, calligraphy and sculpture are collectively known as the "four wonders".Unfortunately, the sculpture was destroyed in the fire during the reign ofemperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty. The screen we see now is written by ZhangZhao, a famous calligrapher and Minister of the Ministry of punishment in theQianlong period of the Qing Dynasty.
The whole building is supported by four big nanmu columns. It runs from thebottom of the building to the top of the building, and then uses 12 gold pillarsas the inner ring to support the second floor. Around it, 20 wooden pillars areused to control the door joints and tenons, and connect them as a whole. Thewhole Yueyang Tower is of pure wood structure, and no iron nail can be found. Onthe first floor, there are couplets chanting Yueyang Tower by ancient and modernmasters. The one in the middle of the hall is the longest of the couplets. Thefirst couplet begins with "whats strange on the first floor", listing theachievements and legends of poets, famous Confucians, virtuous officials andwine immortals left in Yueyang Tower, expressing the authors regret for thepast and the present; the second couplet introduces the famous mountains andrivers, the magnificent and dangerous city of baling. If you write down thiscouplet, you will have a general understanding of Yueyang Tower.
A carved screen of Yueyang Tower is hung on the front of the second floor.There is a story circulating here. During the reign of Daoguang in the QingDynasty, a magistrate surnamed Wu came to Yueyang. He took a fancy to the carvedscreen of Yueyang Tower, and bribed a master of folk art carving with a largesum of money to make another carved screen. Taking advantage of the opportunityof being transferred out of Yueyang, Wuzhi county took advantage of theopportunity to steal the beam and change the column, and fled on a stormy nightwith the carved screen of Jiaxiao and Zhang Zhao. The boat was overturned in thejiumazui section of Dongting Lake by wind and waves, and the carved screen sankto the bottom of the lake. It was salvaged by local fishermen and collected byWu Minshu, a local scholar. After 120 silver from the hands of Wus descendantswill screen back. During the cultural revolution, the red guards wanted to smashthe feudal carved screen. In order to protect it, the workers covered thewriting with plaster and wrote Chairman Maos poems. In this way, the carvedscreen escaped another disaster. This one and the one on the first floor areboth true and false, just like the list of merits and demerits.
The third floor is the top floor of Yueyang Tower. Looking from the window,you can appreciate the majestic momentum of "holding the distant mountains andswallowing the Yangtze River" and enjoy the beautiful scenery of lakes andmountains, which is "the same color of water and sky, boundless wind and moon".Signed "Changgeng libaishu". When we stand on the third floor and look out fromthe window, we can see that the water and sky of Dongting Lake are united, theclear wind and the moon are boundless, and the mountains and lakes are all onthe first floor. Isnt the feeling that "the water and the sky are united, thewind and the moon are boundless"?
In the middle is the strip screen of Deng Yueyang Tower written by Du Fu inMao Zedongs handwriting. You can see that it has rigorous layout, bold andunrestrained brushwork, iron and silver hook, vigorous and straight, which isdeeply rooted in huaisus wild grass style, and has its own style. This is arare art treasure, hanging here, making Yueyang Tower even more icing on thecake.
Out of the Yueyang Tower is the three drunk Pavilion, which is the place toworship Lu Xian. Lu Dongbin used medicine to save people and did good deeds. Hewas deeply respected by the people. In addition, he was named "Fuyou emperor" bythe emperor of Yuan Dynasty. He was one of the five northern ancestors ofTaoism. Yueyang Tower was built with yellow glazed tiles specially used by theemperors in feudal times as the place where LV Xian stopped. Why is Lu Xian soprominent in Yueyang? It turns out that there are anecdotes about Lu Xian in theannals of Yueyangs prefectures and counties, saying that he had drunk with TengZijing, played chess with Wang Taishou, the national chess player, and stoppedQiao Taishous sedan chair when he was drunk. In particular, Zhizhou Li Guan notonly records the origin of LV Xiantings story, but also includes two poems byLV Xian. At that time, they were carved in front of Yueyang Tower with hugestones. One of them is "when you travel to the north, the dusk of Cangwu, thecourage of the green snake in your sleeve, when you are drunk in Yueyang, youcant recognize it, and you can fly over Dongting Lake with langyin." The nameof sanzui Pavilion comes from this poem.
Finally, visit Yueyang Tower culture and Art Center. There are not only thecarved screen of Yueyang Tower written by the famous calligraphers Mi Fu, ZhuYunming, Dong Qichang and Zhang Zhao, but also the image display of theconcentrated landscape of Yueyang Tower in song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.There are also a large number of works of art and crafts with Yueyang Towerculture as the theme, as well as various books and periodicals about YueyangTower. Besides enjoying, you can choose your favorite souvenirs forcommemoration.
篇18:湖南岳阳楼导游词
大家好!欢迎大家游览江南三大名楼之一的岳阳楼。今天就由我这个超级导游来给介绍岳阳楼。我叫罗甘泉,大家叫我罗导、小罗都可以。
岳阳楼坐落在洞庭湖岸上,风景优美,历史悠久。宋朝的范促淹曾写过《岳阳楼记》来赞美岳阳楼。
岳阳楼高21.35米,为四柱,三层,纯木结构,没有一块砖头。每层的檐面有四条脊,第一层脊上饰以荷花、莲蓬,翘首为凤凰;第二层为昂首的龙头;第三层饰以卷草,翘首为回纹形如意祥云。岳阳楼的楼顶,特别像古代将军的头盔,称作盔顶,由于盔顶在中国古代建筑中极为少见,才使盔顶让岳阳楼成为名的重要因素之一。整个岳阳楼在美学、建筑学、工艺学上都有惊人的成就,因而自古就享有“岳阳天下楼”的美称。
其实,岳阳楼真正名扬天下的时候是在范促淹写了《岳阳楼记》后。庆历四年,滕子京因遭人诬害被贬为岳州知府,他一上任就做了三件大事,第一,修建偃虹堤,以防御洞庭湖的波涛;第二,兴办郡学,造就人才;第三,重修岳阳楼。重修后的岳阳楼规模非常雄伟,但当时的滕子京知道,光靠气势雄伟是不够的,滕子京立刻想到与自己同中举进士的范仲淹,范促淹和滕子京一样,也是因为遭人诬灭,被贬为邓州知府。滕子令人画了一幅《洞庭秋晚图》,写了一封《求记书》介绍岳阳楼的气势和结构。范仲淹看了以后,经过精心构思,终于写出了千古名篇《岳阳楼记》,其中“先天下之忧而忧,后天下之乐而乐”成为转世名句,启迪一代又一代的后人要奋发图强。
好了,大家现在可以进楼了。各位游客,这里首先看见的就是《岳阳楼记》,它由12块紫檀木组成的。据说滕子京当年收到《岳阳楼记》后喜出望外,立刻请当时的大书法家苏舜钦书写,并请著名雕刻家邵竦将它雕刻在木匾。于是,“楼、记、书法、雕刻”全称四绝。只可惜我们现在所见不是“四绝匾“,它早在宋神宗年间便已毁于大火之中。这们这里的《岳阳楼记》是清朝乾隆年间的大书法家、刑部尚书张照书写的。
我就介绍到这里了,给大家十五分钟时间,大家可以拍照留念。
篇19:岳阳楼记反思总结
人的第一印象是很重要的,而教师所要做的是在课堂45分钟内尽可能的把准确的要点传达给学生,而这种传达不应该是“灌”,而是基于教师引导学生对文章细节理解,关键句周到分析后自然得出的结论,否则效果就不好.而我恰恰因为是篇古文而忽视了这点,扮演了拔苗助长的角色,其结果可想而知.古文是中华民族的宝贵文化遗产,
其精湛的描写技艺,更是人物形象分析,景物描绘的典范,所以我深刻反省......
总之,公开课要公开的是什么?是自己的创意作秀还是我们平时真实的课堂风采?我曾经以为是前者,所以每每上公开课,常常绞尽脑汁,希望能够出奇制胜。但是后来我慢慢地明白了,不管我们的设计多么经典,能体现在课堂上才是硬道理,所谓“是马是驴,总要拉出来遛一遛”。在备好课文内容的同时,也应该考虑学生的实际情况。例如这个“也”字,对它的语气的理解和把握是备课备不出来的,而最终的解决却是从学生的身上找到突破口,虽然看起来好像是“灵光乍现”,但这是建立在对学生的信任的基础之上的,这种能力的增强需要不断提高自身的修养与业务水平。