登岳阳楼原文及译文通用19篇

阅读教学是语文课堂的一大内容，在课堂教学中，必须钻研文本，走进文本的语言世界中去，用心研读，体味情感，才能为文本而感动，获得体验，感受人文。而进入文本最直接、最有效的方法就是细读文本。

《穷人》这一课渔夫与桑娜的对话，个性鲜明，恰如其分地表达了人物的真情实感，如渔夫的话显示出他爽直、乐于助人的品质，而桑娜则小心应对，说话断断续续，表明了她紧张、不安的内心，同时也看出她热爱丈夫、同情西蒙的善良品质。在教学过程中我通过引导学生抓住桑娜复杂的心理活动与她和丈夫的对话部分引导学生通过揣摩两次沉默，走进他们的内心世界。针对人物的对话描写，要先让学生自己试试怎么读才能读好，再分角色读，读出人物的真情。这样学生通过揣摩人物的对话、触摸到文中人物的心灵美。

一、成功的喜悦

1、激发兴趣，自主读文。

为了能激起学生的自主读文的兴趣，教学伊始，我问学生：这是什么季节的景色?你想画什么?接着，我就和学生一起绘画了一幅秋天的图画。今天我们就一起到秋天里走一走、看一看。学生兴趣盎然。接着让学生用自已喜欢的读书方法读课文，可以和同桌一起读，也可以找好伙伴商量，还可以和学习小组的同学讨论。这样，通过营造开放宽松而富有创新活力的课堂氛围，让学生在感兴趣的自主活动中读文，整体感知课文的内容。学生有了认知的激情，就会自主参与，寻求新知，而不是被动接受灌输。学生整体感知课文后，再让学生自主识字：说说自己记住了哪些字，怎样记住的。然后我学着杨昱婷老师的教学生字的方法，把字剪成桂花、苹果、梨、枫叶的形状，让学生贴到相应的位置上，这样既增加了学生识字、记字的兴趣，又增强了识字、记字的效果。

2、美读课文，读中感悟。

这是一篇讲读课文，教学中，我让学生自读感悟，自主地从课文中找出自已想学的内容，多读多想;自主地讨论、交流，自觉地练习运用在精读课上学会的一些读书方法探究课文，使全体学生在积极的参与和协作中自读自悟，主动发展。例如：读完课文的第三自然段后，我问学生：大自然的地毯怎么画?你则呢知道?在课文中找出来读一读，画一画。然后再出示这一段再读，问学生读后有什么感觉?哪儿最美?学生说：“一抹金黄最美”。“那么什么是一抹金黄呢?”学生都不理解，我又适当引导：想一想秋天的草坪是什么样子的?有的说：“是黄色的。”有的说：“是一半绿一半黄的。”我及时点拨：“一半绿一半黄的草坪就像是染上了一抹金黄。”学生在自己的发现中完全了解了“一抹金黄”的意思，根本不用老师解释。再如：你还喜欢什么?在课文中找出来读一读。有的学生说喜欢星星。我知道了他不明白课文中的“星星”就是成熟的果子。我就让他读一遍：“课文中说星星在什么地方?”“果林里。”“果林里有星星吗?”“没有。“那会是什么?”“那是梨子、苹果熟了。”学生又在我的引导下明白了文中的“星星”是什么。

二、不足的惋惜

学习完课文内容后，为了培养学生的创新思维能力和口语表达能力，我鼓励学生大胆地想象、讨论：你喜欢秋天吗?喜欢秋天里的什么?学生兴趣盎然，都说喜欢，但却说不出秋天都有什么景色。也许现在还没有真正到秋天，学生以往没有注意观察周围世界的习惯。我觉得今后要注重引导学生养成爱观察的好习惯，全面提高学生的语文素养。另外学生的评价还显得不够到位，如他读的声音太小，读的没有感情等。今后应培养学生正确评价，评一评成功之处，不足在哪里，并能说出为什么。这样学生在自主评价的过程中会进一步理解文章的主题思想，提高审美情趣，使纸面上的静态内容跃出教材，转化为符合儿童个性特点的动态表演，让学生真正成为学习和发展的主体。

发展学生的语言和思维，培养学生的创造能力。

比如说“头顶着天，用脚使劲蹬着地”，课文中没交代有多长时间，一般学生也并不能从这里体会他的辛苦和坚持。为了体会盘古的力量，我在这个环节是引导那个读书的学生，“此刻，你头顶的是整个天空啊!脚下分开的是整片大地啊!”学生立刻领会了，再读时明显强调了力量。盘古顶天立地的漫长又用另外一种方式来体验。反问学生：盘古顶天立地有多长时间?100年?10000年?100万年?学生这么一问，反应过来了——不知过了多少年。用后文中的证据反驳了我的假设，自己体会到时间的漫长和艰难。再进行读句，果然是效果出色。

另外一个设计当时也存在争议，因为我要学生用数学的思维解决盘古的高度。我当时是这样设计的：在盘古的顶天立地之下，天每天升高一丈，地每天下沉一丈。100天过去?天升高多少丈?地下沉多少丈?10000天过去?天升高多少丈?地下沉多少丈?这样不知过了多少年，天升高多少丈?地下沉多少丈?学生回答的是：100丈。10000丈。不知有多少丈。很多人都被这时的高度推进弄得莫名其妙。马上，我问学生：当盘古就在眼前，仰望盘古，看得清全貌吗?学生达到：太高了，看不到。再追问他受得了这漫长的辛苦吗?前面的种.种铺垫在这一刻迎刃而解。用高度推进让学生明白这是太过于艰巨的任务，身为神的盘古也有支撑不住的时候，所以他积劳成疾的倒下了。

通过这次备课，我充分体会到台上三分钟，台下十年功。在这节课的轻松表象背后，包含了整个年级的多少思考、探索、劳动与付出。很多在课堂上表现出来的和未展现的方面都有我们整个集体的智慧与劳动，这是一节锤炼出来的课。

一、教学是一种再创造的过程

情景①在传统教学中司空见惯，面对新课改精神，这样的“认真”行为显得那么可笑，那么机械。

布卢姆曾说“人们无法预料教学所产生的成果的全部范围。没有预料不到的成果，教学也就不成为一种艺术了。”的确，教学过程是人与人交流沟通的过程，并非生产过程，完成一个个具体任务的时间，怎么可能精确到用多少分钟来划分呢。传统教学中，我们总试图使自己的预测和课堂上出现的状况完全吻合，这太缺乏创造性了。

二、教学是师生交往互动、共同发展的过程

新课程提出教学是教师的教与学生的学的统一，这种统一的实质是交往、互动，没有交往，没有互动，就不存在或不发生教学，那些只有教学的形式表现而无实质性交往的“教学”是假教学。

激情与诗意同显、美丽与智慧并存的课堂是我目前所追求的一种境界!

而《鼎湖山听泉》一文中作家用交响乐的方式著文，奏出一曲泉的绝响。“听”字是这篇美文题眼，在文章开头我们随作家的笔触看到的是一幅淡雅的山水画：细雨蒙蒙，薄雾漫漫，群山远去，绿树郁郁。作者诗一般的语言描绘了山泉的各种姿色和声响，以丰富的想象，真挚的情感创造了一幅幅诗的画面和令人陶醉的意境，他以深厚的文笔功力充分调动了读者的视觉、听觉和想象，给人以美的享受，使读者在不知不觉中进入了万泉齐鸣的世界里。本文集诸多美的因素于一体，是一篇非常适合学生学习品味的游记散文。

《小学语文新课程标准》指出：应该尊重学生独特的感悟、体验。因此我把“体验、学习、倾诉”作为设计本堂课教学的出发点。我要让学生不仅能够充分欣赏到文章的优美意境，而且能够学习作者的表达方式去倾诉自己的独特体验，使学生的思维完全放飞，让少年的灵感在本课的教学中涌动。要达到这样的境界，就需要教者上出意境，上出美感，在环节的设计上，课堂气氛的调动上，语言的表达上都要做精心准备才可能成功。

新课程的一个重要理念就是为学生带给“做”数学的机会，本节课我充分体现了这一理念，以学生为主体，在民主和谐的氛围中，引导学生大胆猜想、思考验证，在探索实践中获取新知，主要特点有以下三个方面：

一、重联系生活实际，让学生在猜测质疑中明确学习目标。

本节课初始，我用“老师打电话，通知我班的40名学生这天带工具到学校栽花，打一个电话需要1分钟，你们猜猜老师一共用了多少分钟”这个生活中学生能经常接触到的事例让学生猜想，然后透过“只用6分钟”这个结果激起学生的学习兴趣，把学生带入学习数学的情境中。“想不想明白老师是怎样打电话的这节课我们来研究如何打电话才能节省时间的问题。”引发学生思考，激起学生的探究欲望，引入课题，明确学习目标。

二、重学习过程体验，在探究实践中落实目标。

合作探究时，在学生顺利完成“老师依次给15个学生打电话需要15分钟”这个方案后，我进一步激发学生探索欲望，“昨日老师用的是这种方法吗”激发学生寻找最优方案，从低层次的逐个通知到分组通知，从老师一人通知到一部分学生帮忙老师通知，最后到所有接到通知的学生都帮老师打电话。

学习目标呈现逐步递进的过程，并与学生的生活紧密地结合在一齐，自然的使学生进入创设的探究情境中。教学时，我还注重学生探究分析潜力的培养。当学生明确分组打电话，能够节省一部分时间，在学生自我验证后，我强调给40人打电话才用6分钟，学生明确老师不是用这种方法打的;进一步激发学生思考：怎样打电话才能更节省时间呢当学生提出让更多的人帮老师打电话能够更省时间，引导学生明确：要想更节省时间就就应让每一个接到通知的学生都帮老师打电话。整节课探究活动为学生带给了充分思考的空间，学生经历了猜想、实践、验证等学习数学的过程，充分发挥了学生的主体作用，学生的数学综合实践潜力得到了培养，让学生更好地体验了数学生活，提高了学生解决数学实际问题的潜力。

三、在实践应用中完成目标。

数学实践的最终目标是“构成数学潜力，解决生活中的实际问题”。这节课我在“应用规律解决问题”这一环节中设计了两个步骤，首先引导学生根据设计方案中的数据填表，填到“4分钟明白通知的共有16人”后，跳过5分钟，直接设疑提出“6分钟明白通知的一共有多少人”拓展了学生思考的空间，实现了思维跳跃。促使学生在独立思考与合作交流中，根据表中数据发现隐含的数学规律----“每增加一分钟扩大2倍”，同时解决了实际问题;最后透过“通知65人需要几分钟”这个训练，让学生运用规律解决生活中的数学问题，培养了学生逆向思维潜力。

这篇课文是以小学生喜爱的童话故事形式出现的，它借小柳树和小枣树生长情况的不同，赋予它们不同的性格特点。小柳树因自己长得漂亮而得意，瞧不起小枣树;而小枣树不因自己长得没有小柳树好看而泄气，也不因为自己能结又大又红的枣子而自大，相反还夸奖小柳树。通过它们之间的对话，生动形象地使学生懂得“要善于发现别人的长处，正视自己的不足”这一深刻的道理。在课堂教学中，我让学生通过比较小柳树和小枣树的不同来读懂课文。其中，我又是从三方面进行引导：一是从柳树和枣树的生长特点分析他们的不同;二是从两者的性格特点来理解不同;三是通过小柳树的前后表现不同来体会。在进行这三方面的引导中，我抓住小柳树和小枣树的语言进行不同语气地朗读、比较和体会。

学生不仅在读中感悟课文中不同角色的性格特点，也体会到了“尺有所短，寸有所长”的道理，知道要多看别人的长处。其中对小枣树心情与性格地方理解比较到位，而对小柳树的性格与说话语气方面不是很清楚，造成有些学生在回答仍存在含糊不清的地方。在今后的教学中要多灵活地引导学生，过渡语言简练准确，充分挖掘学生的完整思维。

教学完《小柳树和小枣树》，下课铃声响了，大课间活动开始了，我跟着孩子又蹦又跳，活动结束了，我意犹未尽，浑身的兴奋点似乎都被点燃了!我还被课堂上的气氛牵引着，成功地喜悦无以言表!

教学时，我按部就班，第一课时学习生字词语，第二课时利用插图逐步学习了课文，从学生的表现可以看出他们预习很到位!我顺势拓展思维，问他们：“从此以后会怎么样了?”学生开始续写故事，教室里只听到沙沙地写字声，过一会儿，一双双小手相继举了起来，孩子的答案精彩纷呈，我一次次都被他们丰富的想象打动，我出乎意料地发现：孩子们的心眼里有多彩的世界!由此我深味到：语文的教学要开掘他们不尽的潜力!它的教学的确是一门艺术啊!

反思本节课，有许多的不足之处一、课前导学案印刷不是太清，四个版面各漏印了一行。其他教师对我怀着一种期待，共有22位教师听课，这是听课史上最多的一次。

二、导入语中用比喻写家乡冬天寒冷的特点，学生不会。我跳过去。原计划 7个题目用10分钟时间检测的，学生搜集信息的能力不强，有的同学不看题目，直接从题目开始读书起，计划读书完再做题目。但对很有提纲作用信息丰富的课文提示语没有同学读书。我提示学生课文的范围。情况好了点。有些同学开始到黑板上写，前两个题目做的不错，特别是作者姓名与字的特点同学们挖掘的不错。

三、第四个题目正在思维，我发现时间到了，就叫了停顿。教师开始示范朗读，学生结合题目进行重点内容的反复朗读。学生仍在找答案，没有人朗读。教师提示后，学生读了一会，教师让学生说又学会了什么，两个同学发言，效果还不错。解决了两个题目，有一个题目教师适当组织了点拨。

四、在设计的几个交流环节，没有学生回答。由于时间关系，又匆匆进入了写作环节，教师有示范，学生也在写，但没有来得及交流，下课铃就响了。黑板上的内容没有核对，检测题目没有作完，写作的内容没有落实，这节课就结束了。留下了无尽的遗憾。但是看出学生对这节课还很很感兴趣的，他们接触到了与以前不一样和形式。按以前的想法，我可能会在结束之前发现学生做完了检测题目。

《一次成功的实验》是一篇讲读课文，课文讲的是一位教育家在一所小学让三个小学生做“逃生”游戏。初读课文后，让学生说一说课文讲了一件什么事?然后帮助学生理清文章的思路。课文可分为实验的准备、实验的经过、实验的成功原因三个部分，下面的两个问题让学生读课文时思考讨论：教育家做了一个怎样的实验?这个实验取得成功的原因是什么?

教师在组织讨论时，还可以引导学生抓一些关键词语来深化学生理解。例如，“顺利”“不假思索”两个词。“顺利”本意是指“在事物的发展中或工作的进行中没有或很少遇到困难”，教师可联系到最后一段中的一句话来帮助学生理解，“每次孩子们都争着往外拉铅锤，结果铅锤都堵在瓶口，一个也拉不出来。”这实际上是为“顺利”提供了相反的注解。因此，在课文的语境中，“顺利”实际上含有“迅速的，没有任何阻碍的”意思。“不假思索”在文中的意思是不经过思考，脱口而出的，学生通过上下文应该不难理解。教师应抓住这个词适当拓展，让学生想象女孩说话时的神态，并体会她的思想品质。

在理解文章内容的基础上，教师还可以引导学生领悟课文中一些词语在表情达意上的作用。例如，“这位教育家激动地抱起女孩，好久才放下”。这句话主要讲了教育家被女孩的高尚品格深深感动了。由于句中使用了“激动”和“好久”等词语，才使句子表达的情感更加强烈。

课文有较强的现场感，可以在上课之前或上课之后，让学生按照教育家做实验的要求与方法演一演，也可以分角色表演课文内容。通过亲身实践，加深对语言文字的感悟，提高认识，进一步体验情感。通过这样的教学，同学们很轻松地完成了教学任务，这就是我的教学反思。

1.教学思路非常清晰，紧紧扣住课文的层次结构和思想内容。指导学生找出对方的论点和论据，通过对比敌方的论据和我方的论据，直观、形象地让学生领悟到对方的观点是错误的，我方的观点是正确的，我们有并不失掉自信力的中国人在。先破后立，既破又立，破立结合，这是驳论文显著的特点，也是其常用的写作手法。最得意之处就是精心设计了板书，提纲挈领地帮助学生把握了文章的学习重点。课后很多老师私下和我交流，他们都说听了我这堂课知道以后该如何执教驳论文了。我想主要原因可能就是我抓住了驳论文的核心——批驳对方的错误观点进而树立作者正确的观点。鲁迅先生写这篇杂文就是为了批驳当时笼罩在中国各个领域的那种悲观亡国论调，鼓舞民族自信心。这应该是他写这篇文章的主要目的。

2.精读重点语段，以此品味文章的思想内涵以及作者遣词造句的技巧，体味作者语言犀利、力透纸背的语言特色。化繁为简，抓住关键语句来品读。如对国民党及社会名流“求国联”“求神佛”举动的深层理解，引导学生读课文下的注解，有意识地把课文注释整合成背景资料，并要求学生结合注解理解文章，不全面的地方我稍作补充。引导学生个别读，集体读，把难懂的课文容易化，降低了学生的学习困难，同时也激发学生想要学习文本的兴趣。

课文通过记叙两个日常生活中的小故事来启示人们在生活中要学会将心比心，尊重老人，关爱孩子，让人与人之间多一些宽容和理解。课文内容浅显易懂，在教学的过程中采用自读自悟的方法进行课文学习，达到了意想不到的效果。

拿到课文后读了几遍，脑海中开始思考这节课的教学思路。这是一篇略读课文，文章描述的都是日常生活中的平常事情，备课时是这样设计的：学生读熟课文后解决几个问题，谈谈对这篇课文的理解。以往大多数课堂上的大部分时间都是我在滔滔不绝的讲着，台下一双双小眼睛聚精会神的看着我，小耳朵竖着在认真听，孩子们发言的时间很少。语文课上总觉得时间过的很快，时间不够用，每每听到下课铃声响起总觉得还有很多东西没讲到，感觉意犹未尽还想继续下去，这时候却没有考虑到学生们的感受。很多时候忽略了他们的想法，导致课堂效果不理想。这节略读课文让他们自己去学习看看效果怎样。

一上课，我先放课文录音，让学生们跟读课文，目的是为了纠正生字的字音，模仿如何能讲课文读的有声有色也就是有感情的朗读课文，进而了解课文内容。跟读一遍课文后，学生再分段朗读再继续了解课文。读完课文老师抛出问题让学生思考，这时学生再一次快速浏览课文寻找答案。在这反复的阅读中渐渐的熟悉了课文内容对老师抛出的问题自然应对自如。在交流问题时大家的表现很是让我吃惊，平时课上几乎不举手的庞硕同学这节课举了好几次手，叫起他来回答的还很好，我想他读懂文章了，有自信了，有勇气在课堂上展示自己了，很替他高兴。课堂上你一言我一语，大家发言都很积极，说出了自己的见解，还有的学生结合实际生活给大家讲了一些例子来说明将心比心的意义。大家在对待老人和孩子方面也都提了不少建议，他们的建议都是发自内心的想法，很真诚，很温暖。看到大家这样的表现我很高兴，自己想要的不就是这样的课堂吗?

很多时候我们觉得学生自己做不好，可我们给他们机会尝试来吗?教学中我们应该大胆放手让学生自己去探索文学殿堂中的奥秘，让学生们的自主合作能力得到提升;其次，要注重阅读能力的培养，在阅读中领悟文章主旨。

我们不得不承认在很多时候老师低估了学生的潜力，固而不给学生尝试的机会。学生潜在的创新思维就被我们这种“好心”给抹杀了。“说内容”给学生自由，给学生空间，给学生期待。让学生畅所欲言在自主活动中感受成功，收获惊喜。

从“谈方法”可以看出，学生的思维被激活了，教师到位而又不越位的点拨示范，打开了学生思维的闸门，让学生找到了感觉，尝到了好滋味。

交谈的形式，真正实现了新课标提倡的与文本对话与作者对话能开启学生的心灵，放飞学生的情愫，使学生茅塞顿开，豁然开朗，自然收到好的效果。但老师的适时点拨示范也是必不可少的。

好了，请大家看门前这副“洞庭天下水，岳阳天下楼”的楹联，其下句为“谁为天下士，饮酒楼上头。”今天各位就来当一当天下士，以洞庭为酒，开怀畅饮，一起品位博大精深的岳阳楼文化和岳阳的壮丽山川吧!兴许您也会像诗仙李白一样“醉煞洞庭秋”!

登上巴陵古城墙，穿过“南极潇湘”、“北通巫峡”的牌坊，进入眼帘的就是江南三大名楼之冠的岳阳楼。为什么说岳阳楼是江南三大名楼之冠了，有哪位朋友知道吗?好的，就请大家听小X慢慢道来吧!一，历史悠久。大家看看眼前这楼是不是有一种历史的沧桑感?岳阳楼创建的具体时间已不可考，只知在公元220xx年前后，距今已有1700多年历史，其前身相传为三国时期东吴大将鲁肃的“阅军楼”，西晋南北朝时称“巴陵城楼”，初唐时，称为“南楼”，中唐李白赋诗之后，始称“岳阳楼”。所以说咱这岳阳楼面子可不小哦!要由我们的诗仙李白来亲自命名!大家看看横匾“岳阳楼”，这三字是由郭沫若先生题写的，现以编入《中国名匾》一书!

大家再仔细看看这楼，有没有发现其特别之处?这位朋友好棒哦!居然小X知道想说什么。对了，岳阳楼第二个特点就是文物珍贵。在江南三大名楼中唯有岳阳楼是保持其原址、原貌，具有历史、艺术、科学价值的国家级文物!咱们这岳阳楼楼高21.35米，可以用十个字来概括其建筑特点：“四柱、三层、飞檐、盔顶、纯木”!大家可看清楚了?咱这岳阳楼可是未用一砖一瓦，一颗铁钉的!在建筑上是不是一个奇迹啊?说到这，小X就想和大家说一故事：相传在建楼时，人们怎么也无法把楼层很好地建成，这时来了一七旬老者，手拿一尺，对大伙说，让我试试看吧?大家别无它法，只好让老者试试，不曾想老者三两下就把大家一直解决不了的问题给轻松地解决了!大家正想酬谢，却只见地上一把尺，不见老者的踪影，拾起尺子一看，居然写着“鲁班尺”，所以在我们岳阳一带有“鲁班助楼”的传说!再看看这“飞檐”可是咱老祖宗聪明才智的体现!其便于采光，减少笨拙感，同时节约了用料!大家看看这屋顶像不像古代将军的头盔?对了，这就是“盔顶”，这种建筑方式并不多见，据说是现在仅存的啦!威武雄壮的“盔顶”，配以飞檐，曲线流畅，给人势欲凌空之感!再看“盔顶”下的如意斗拱，它形似蜂窝，层叠相衬，饰以龙头、凤头、云头纹饰，既承托盔顶重力，又使整个建筑更精美、庄重、和谐。屋面的宝顶、脊饰、翘首等构件都是清代中叶遗留下来的陶制精品。因此，岳阳楼的建筑在美学、力学、建筑学和工艺学方面都有惊人的成就!因而自古就享有“岳阳天下楼”的美称。

大家不禁要问，既然是天下名楼，为什么只建了三层呢?有朋友说，在古代三层就为高楼了，话是如此，但更重要的是封建迷信，据说当时修建者是为取天时、地利、人和之意!

古代建筑都与风水学有着说不清，道不明的关系。大家看看这四根通天金柱。这四根楠木大柱自楼底直贯楼顶，代表的就是一年四季，作为内圈的12根大柱就象征着一年的12个月。大家再数数看，在这周围有多少柱子啊?这位朋友数的可真快，一下子就数出来是20根了，这20根柱子有什么含义吗?大家想想，可以参照小X刚刚的讲法!

大家来看看这幅雕屏，哇!是大家神驰已久的《岳阳楼记》的雕屏的哦!其由12块紫檀木组成，黑底绿字!当年滕公子京接到范仲淹的《岳阳楼记》后，喜出望外，请大书法家苏子美书写，著名雕刻家邵竦将它雕刻在木匾上。于是，楼、记、书法、雕刻合称“四绝”。可惜雕刻毁于宋神宗年间大火中。我们无缘得见啦!现在的雕屏是由清干隆年间著名大书法家、刑部尚书张照书写的。干隆称其为“王羲之之后的第一人”，其字字型方正、笔力雄浑、技法多变、独具匠心，为传世精品!但请大家张大眼睛瞧仔细了，待会到二楼，我们还将看到另一副雕屏，其中一真一假，哪副才是咱们张大人的真迹了?请大家自个瞧仔细呢!

大家可记下了这幅雕屏?好了，我们一起去二楼看看另一幅吧!

各位朋友，请看这中堂的雕屏，与一楼的有什么不同吗?仔细瞧瞧!对了，一楼是黑底绿字，而这幅是金字!为什么在同一栋楼里会同时存有两块一样的雕屏呢?就让小X给大家讲一个真实的故事：清道光年间，岳阳来了个姓吴的知县，他一上任就看中了岳阳楼上的《岳阳楼记》雕屏，便用重金贿赂一个民间艺雕高手，花了十七个月时间精心临摹，秘密仿制雕屏赝品。两年后，吴知县趁调离岳阳楼之机，偷梁换柱，携带家小和张照的雕屏真迹，在一个风雨交加的夜晚出逃。没想到船行不久，风雨大作，船被风浪掀翻在洞庭湖的九马嘴段，雕屏也随波逐流，因是紫檀木制成，全部沈入了水中。后来，湖水干浅，《岳阳楼记》雕屏的真迹才被当地渔民打捞上来。打捞时，不慎损坏了三个字，当地一文士吴敏树花了三年时间临摹张照的手迹才补上。各位现在可以看到，这雕屏上还有明显的修补痕迹，所以我们现在看见的这幅才是张大人的真迹!至于一楼那副，虽是赝品，其也有100多年的历史了，也是文物了。两副雕屏一真一假，正像一张功罪表，昭示着后代子孙!

大家请随小X一起登楼，同看那范公笔下的“巴陵胜状，在洞庭一湖。衔远山，吞长江，浩浩汤汤，横无际涯;朝晖夕阴，气象万千”的洞庭湖。呵呵!我们的这位朋友好聪明哦!知道小张接下来要给大家讲岳阳楼为三大名楼之冠的第三个原因了，那就是风景独特。岳阳楼的胜景由江、湖、山、城构成。有诗云：“楼前十分风景好，一分山色九分湖”，就是对岳阳楼地理形胜的绝妙赞美，岳阳楼是得水而壮，得山而妍，形胜江南!世人只知范公的《岳阳楼记》，不知滕公子京也为骚客，其有词，云：“湖水连天，天连水，秋来分澄清。君山自是小蓬瀛，气蒸云梦泽，波撼岳阳城。帝子有灵能鼓瑟，凄然依旧伤情。微闻兰芷动芳馨，曲终人不见，江上数峰青。”短短59个字写景抒情，却很有气势!

“昔闻洞庭水，今上岳阳楼。吴楚东南坼，乾坤日夜浮。亲朋无一字，老病有孤舟。戎马关山北，凭轩涕泗流。”这是幅木刻雕屏是毛主席手书的杜甫的《登岳阳楼》，其书法笔意奔放，布局严谨，雄健挺拔，形神兼备，笔触与唐代怀素的狂草相似。在雕屏两侧的楹联“水天一色，风月无边。” 落款为“长庚李白”，也就是我们的诗仙李白了，一楼同存诗仙、诗圣和和主席的真迹实在是不简单啊!由此可以看出咱岳阳楼的深厚文化!这就是小张要说的第四点了，岳阳楼文化的深厚!古往今来，多少文人骚客在此留下了足、笔，而真正使岳阳楼闻名天下的是北宋范仲淹作的《岳阳楼记》，这篇文章全文虽只寥寥368字，但其内容之博大，哲理之精深，气势之磅礴，语言之铿锵，真可谓匠心独道，字字珠玑，千秋之绝唱也!而"先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐"则成为传世名句，成为中华民族优秀知识分子崇高人格文化的沉淀!

请大家放下心中杂念，凭轩远眺，看着那浩淼的八百里洞庭，是否会与范公产生共鸣?当年范公未曾登临这“天下楼”，却作了不朽的《岳阳楼记》;今日你我同登这千古名楼，可有一种超脱世俗之感?

时间不早了，我们的游览马上就要结束了!转过身，让我们再摸摸四根楠木大柱，您想到了什么?四根金柱为我中华民族撑起了“先忧后乐”、百折不挠的民族脊梁千年!

“天下楼”的登临就要结束了，大家还有什么问题吗?噢!对了，小X还没告诉大家那20根柱子的含义。聪明的朋友可能已经知道答案了，对了，就是20加4，24，中国的24节气，您可猜出?现在行程结束请大家跟小X一起上车返程休息!

1、课堂中运用多媒体手段激情引趣，以情感角度切入，激起学生的学习兴趣。“说”、“读”、“演”、“解”，将多种能力的训练渗透其中。 2、把自主权还给学生，给学生搭建一个锻炼自我、展示自我的舞台，解放其思想和个性，改变以接受为主的单一的学习方式，形成自主、合作、探究的学习方式，让他们在“学中乐”，在“乐中学”。

3、这篇课文思想深刻，主题的理解是多向的，要引导学生多角度，有创意地理解主题，有一定的难度。因此，除了自主探究，合作交流，还创设了一个与作品中与人物对话的活动。让学生进入文本，充分解读，或完成角色互换，直白内心。

不足之处：1、课堂秩序老师稍微把握不慎，会有点混乱。

2、对于自觉性差的同学，可能无法跟上节奏。因为没有预习。

3、扩展知识还不够。

文章通过对风筝事件的叙述和严肃的自我解剖，批判了那些受封建教育思想影响、无端压制子弟的父兄，抒发了因四周的寒威和冷气而形成的无可把握的悲哀，表达了对冷酷现实的极端憎恶和对春日的热烈憧憬。即文中有兄弟之情，有游戏之于儿童的意义，有鲁迅的自省精神，有鲁迅对小兄弟深受 “虐杀”却无怨恨的深沉感慨。

对于文章主旨的把握，一定要立足位于文本，透过学生最为熟悉的“故乡的春天”的温暖与北京严冬的肃杀的景色描写的对比、“风筝事件”中的动作个神态描写以及多年之后的“自责”“愧疚”等情感描写，根据学生的实际进行恰当解读。最好不要进行的那么深入，特别是不要借助各种参考资料，一股脑的堆砌在学生面前。

对文中个别字的注释，本来是易掌握的，只要课上老师讲解，学生做笔记或参考文中的注解，再课下自习，完全可以自行解决。可是，学生根本不自觉学习，不注重文中的注解，没有很好地去理会，对知识的掌握就不牢固，离开了课本就无法给解释。今后应让学生自主学习，要求多看看文中所做的注解，首先弄懂个别字的注解，接下来是句子的翻译。教师可以在习题上让学生多练。

第一课时非常重要的环节就是梳理课文大意，文言文教学学生最感枯燥的往往是疏通文意环节，对于基础相对较弱的学生更甚。若老师指定学生翻译，要么哑口无言，要么不动脑筋拿着参考书照念;若以老师串讲为主，学生便无所事事，亦不愿主动记笔记。对于这一问题，在教学中，可以以小组为单位，结合课下注释翻译，然后各小组在质疑相关的字词句，教师加以点拨，设置此环节的目的就是充分调动学生学习积极性。最好要求把重点翻译的句子抄写，加深印象。如：①自非亭午夜分，不见曦月。②清荣峻茂，良多趣味。等…… 反思四、回答问题。本文从不同的季节对“三峡”雄奇险拔、清幽秀丽景象做了描写。

理会文章先写山，后写水，写水分，着重让学生体会“夏水暴涨，湍急”“春冬水落潭清，风景秀丽”“秋寒猿啸，气氛凄凉萧杀”的奇异景象;不同季节应多读成诵，只有多读才能理解深刻，光靠老师传授，没有多少个学生能记忆犹新，到复习时还是要依靠老师 。我觉得传授他们知识的同时更应该教会他们怎样去学习，只有对文言文有了学习上的眉目，才能产生兴趣，学习上也轻松，不至于很快忘却，复习时候甚是陌生，难度自然加大。教好学复好习和考好试密切相关，只要师生配合，把握好每一个环节，教和学都能达到效果。

我去过江西的滕王阁，湖北的黄鹤楼，唯独没有去过湖南的岳阳楼，这次五一假期，爸爸妈妈带我终于完成了这个心愿。

岳阳楼是江南三大名楼之一，位于湖南省岳阳市区，洞庭湖畔，以前是三国时期鲁肃的阅军楼，后来慢慢变为观景游览的胜地，特别是范仲淹的《岳阳楼记》让它闻名天下，还有李白、杜甫、孟浩然、刘禹锡等诗人也曾经来过这里，流下了千古诗篇。

我们首先来到巴陵广场，正中央有一尊高大的“后羿斩蛇”石雕，在它右侧是观岳门，进入观岳门穿过汴河商业街，就来到岳阳楼景区大门，我急切的走进景区，首先映入眼帘的是唐宋元明清“五朝楼观”，其中唐朝的岳阳楼最为精致，屋顶上有五只凤凰，栩栩如生，非常精美!

沿着景区主路向前走，有诗词碑林、二王祠等景点，大约7分钟便可以看到岳阳楼，它建在一个宽大的底座上，楼高三层，四角向上翘起，金色的琉璃瓦，紫红色的立柱，特别是岳阳楼三个金色大字，在太阳的照射下熠熠生辉，在主楼两侧分别是三醉亭和仙梅亭。沿着楼梯走到三楼，我极目远眺，一望无际的洞庭湖，尽显豪迈，面对眼前的美景，我不由念起了“先天下之忧而忧、后天下之乐而乐”，也背诵起了刘禹锡的《望洞庭》……后面，我们还参观了怀甫亭、小乔墓、吕仙祠等景点。

下午三点，我们带着留恋踏上了归途，再见了岳阳楼，我还会再来目睹你的风采!

各位游客：

大家好!欢迎大家游览江南三名楼之一的岳阳楼。

现在耸立在各位面前的就是岳阳楼。楼顶悬挂的“岳阳楼”三字横匾，是1961年毛泽东主席提议，请离沫若先生题写的。岳阳楼高21.35米，为四柱，三层，飞檐，盔顶，纯木结构。中间的本根楠木大柱从地到顶承载大部分重力，再用12根“金柱”作为内围，支撑二楼，外围绕以20根檐柱，彼此牵制成为整体，飞檐与屋顶用伞形架传载荷重。三楼用如意斗拱层叠相衬，拱托楼顶。全楼没用一块砖石，全都用木料构成门缝对榫，结构严整，工艺精巧，造型庄重。飞檐和楼顶，都是盖的黄色琉璃筒瓦。各层檐面都有四条脊，层脊上饰以荷花、莲蓬，翘首为凤凰;第二层为昂首的龙头;第三层饰以卷草，翘首为回纹形如意祥云。整个楼阁重檐鳌突，藻井锁窗，雕梁画栋，丹柱彩楹，金碧辉煌，庄严壮丽。特别是三楼楼顶，很像古代将军的头盔，被称为盔顶，这在这国古代建筑中是相当罕见的。整个岳阳楼的建筑在美学、力学、建筑学、工艺学方面都有惊人的成就，因而自古就享有“岳阳天下楼”的美称。

大家不禁要问，既然是天下名楼，为什么只建了三层呢?据说当时修建者是取天时、地利、人和之意。岳阳楼的前身是三国东吴大将鲁肃的阅军楼。在一千七百多年前的东汉建安二十年，东吴的孙权为了和刘务争夺荆州，派鲁肃率领万名将士，驻守战略要地巴丘，也就是今天的岳阳。鲁肃在洞庭湖操练水军，并在城西依山傍水的地方，修筑坚固的城池，建造了指挥和检阅水军的阅军楼，这就是岳阳楼的前身。唐朝时阅军楼扩建，它基本原有了建筑艺术和历史风貌。好，现在请大家随我进岳楼内参观。

各位游客，这里首先映入我们眼帘的便是在神驰已久的《岳阳楼记》雕屏，它由12块紫檀木组成。前面我们说到，岳阳楼这一名称是在唐朝时才启用的。这时期，李白、杜甫、刘禹锡、李商隐等才华横溢的风流名士，或是落拓不羁的迁客骚人相继接踵而来。他们登楼远眺，泛舟洞庭，奋笔书怀。

但是，岳阳楼真正名扬天下，还是在北宋滕子京重修，范仲淹做《岳阳楼记》以后。庆历四年，遭人诬告的滕子京被贬为岳州知府，他上任后便筹办三件大事：一是在岳阳楼湖下修筑偃虹堤，以便防御洞庭湖的波涛;二是兴办郡学，造就人才;三是重修岳阳楼。重修后的岳阳楼规模宏大壮观。滕子京是个文武兼备的人，他认为“楼观非不文字称记者不为久”。这样一座楼阁，必需要有一篇名记记述，才能流芳千古。于是，他想到与自己同中进士的好友范仲淹。便写了一封《求记书》，介绍岳阳楼修葺后的结构和气势，倾吐了请求范仲淹作记的迫切心情，并请人画了一幅《洞庭秋晚图》，抄录了历代名士吟咏岳阳楼的诗词歌赋，派人日夜兼程，送往范仲淹当时被贬的住河南邓州。范仲淹是北宋著名政治家、文学家、军事家，他和滕子京一样，因为主张革新政治，受到排斥和攻击，被贬到邓州。他接到滕子京的信件后，反复阅读，精心构思，终于写出了千古名篇《岳阳楼记》。这篇文章全文虽然仅有368个字，但是内容博大，哲理精深，气势磅礴，语言铿锵，其中“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”成为传世名句。其实，《岳阳楼记》之所以能历代传颂，主要是由于它把一个重大的思想命题，极其巧妙而生动简洁地融入对优美景物的描写之中。它启迪人们：“不以物喜，不以已悲”，昭示了“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”这一崇高的人生哲理。作者那高尚的情操和宽阔的胸怀，不能不令人扼腕浩叹。先忧后乐，掷地有声，它激励着一代又一代的人想人生，思荣辱，知使命。作为一种中华民族知识分子崇高人格文化的积淀，《岳阳楼记》以其至高至上的思想内容和艺术魅力，流传千古而不朽，滋养着人们的心灵。从那以后，岳阳楼的名声大震，传扬中外，这就是人们所说的“文以楼存，楼以文名”。据说滕子京接到范仲淹的《岳阳楼记》后，喜出望外，当即就请大书法家苏舜钦书写，并请著名雕刻家邵竦将它雕刻在木匾上。于是，楼、记、书法、雕刻全称“四绝”。可惜我们现在看到的并不是“四绝匾”。它早宋神宗年间便已经毁于大火之中。我们所见到的这幅雕屏是清代乾隆年间著名大书法家、刑部尚书张照书写的。

现在，让我们再注意一下一楼厅内的四根楠木大柱。这四根大柱自楼底直贯楼顶，支撑着整座楼的全部重量，再以12根柱代内圈，支撑二楼，周围绕以20根木柱，彼此牵制闩缝对榫，结为整体。整个岳阳楼为纯木结构，找不到一颗铁钉。各位还可以看到，在楼的四壁，悬挂着许多木刻匾对，这些都逝今名家吟咏岳阳楼的楹联。挂在楼堂正中的这副楹联，是清代大书法家何绍基写的，是岳阳楼长的一副。这副对联是：

一楼何奇?杜少陵五言绝唱，范希文两字关情，滕子京百废俱兴，吕纯阳三过必醉。诗耶?儒耶?吏耶?仙耶?前不古人，使我怆然涕下。

请君试看：洞庭湖南极潇汀，扬子江北通巫峡，巴陵山西来爽气，岳州城东道岩疆。潴者，流者，峙者，镇者。此中有真意，问谁领会得来。

上联以“一楼何奇”起首，列兴了诗圣、名儒、贤吏、酒仙在岳阳楼所留下的诗文政绩和传统，抒发了作者吊古伤今的感慨;下联介绍了巴陵的名山、大川、雄关、险邑。如果您记下了这了这副对联，那么您对岳阳楼便有了大致的了解。

(在岳阳楼二楼)

一来到二楼，大家马上就发现在二楼也悬挂了一副《岳阳楼记》雕屏。这是为什么呢?这里面淬着一个真实的故事。清道光年间，岳阳来了个姓吴的知县，他一上任就看中了岳阳楼上的《岳阳楼记》雕屏，便用重金贿赂一个民间艺雕高手，花了十七个月时间精心临摹，秘密仿制雕屏赝品。两年后，吴知县趁调离岳阳楼之机，偷梁换柱，携带家小和张照的雕屏真迹，在一个风雨交加的夜晚出逃。没想到船行不久，风雨大作，船被风浪掀翻在洞庭湖的九马嘴段，雕屏也随波逐流，因是紫檀木制成，全部沉入了水中。后来，湖水干浅，《岳阳楼记》雕屏的真迹才被当地渔民打捞上来。打捞时，不慎将第八块屏上的“歌互”二字和第十块上的“乐”字损坏。当地文士吴敏树闻讯后，用120纹银从渔民手中将雕屏买回，花了三年时间临摹张照的手迹，才补上被损坏的三个字。各位现在可以看到，雕屏上还有明显的修补痕迹。又过将近100年，岳阳楼再度整修时，地方官员用120块大洋从吴氏后代后中将屏赎回，挂在岳阳楼二楼，这才“完壁归赵”。至于一楼那副，虽是赝品，也有100年历史了，当然是文物了。两副雕屏一真一假，正像一张功罪表，昭示后代子孙，值得我们深思。

(上三楼)

现在我们登上了岳阳楼的三楼，楼堂正中悬挂着毛泽东主席手书杜甫《登岳阳楼》诗的木刻雕屏，杜诗为：“昔闻洞庭水，今上岳阳楼。吴楚东南坼，乾坤日夜浮。亲朋无一定，老病有孤舟。戎马关山北，凭轩涕泗流。”其书法笔意奔放，布局严谨，雄健挺拔，形神兼备，笔触与唐代怀素的狂草相似。这是1964年秋天，毛主席从长沙乘火车返回北京途经岳阳时，在列车上即兴而书的。在雕屏两侧，挂有岳阳楼短的一副对联，仅仅八个字。上联为“水天一色”，下联是“风月无边”。落款为“长庚李白”。当我们站在三娄凭窗远眺时，看到的洞庭湖水天相接，浑然一色;清风朗月，无边无际，山色湖光荟萃于楼时，得到的感觉正是“水天一色，风月无边”吗?后，请各位再抬头看楼顶。楼顶彩富有民族地方特色的如意斗拱层叠相衬，荷重承力，拱托楼顶，用伞形架传载负荷，和盔顶结构一样，这在我们现存的古建筑中也是罕见的。

为了深化名楼，丰富景区内容，岳阳楼正在加快景区建设，并已作出规划。岳阳楼的介绍我就给诸位讲解到这里，欢迎下次再到岳阳来。祝各位旅途愉快，一路顺风!

Dear tourists

Hello everyone, welcome to Yueyang Tower, one of the three famous buildingsin Jiangnan.

Yueyang Tower is a national key cultural relic protection unit and one ofthe first batch of national 4A tourist areas. The landscape characteristics ofYueyang Tower can be summarized into four aspects. First, it has a long history.Yueyang Tower, formerly known as Yuejun tower built by Lu Su, was built in the19th year of Jianan in the Eastern Han Dynasty (A.D. 220__) and was namedYueyang Tower in the 2nd year of Qianyuan in the Tang Dynasty (A.D. 759). It hasthe longest history among the three famous buildings in the south of the YangtzeRiver.

Second, the scenery is unique. Yueyang Tower is composed of river, lake,mountain and city. "Baling Sheng shape, a trace in the Dongting, the title ofthe distant mountains, swallow the Yangtze River, vast, boundless horizontal,morning and evening Yin, magnificent." The poet Du QinYong said: "the vast snowwaves with smoke, the sky and the West back painting, the building is verybeautiful scenery, a mountain nine lake." Yueyang Tower is a marvelous praisefor its geographical shape. It is strong with water, beautiful with mountainsand better than Jiangnan in shape. Third, it has a profound culture. YueyangTower poetry anthology contains more than a few famous works, a large number ofcouplets, plaques, paintings and inscriptions, most of which are permeated withthe "sense of hardship" of the Chinese nation. _In Du Fus "climbing the YueyangTower", he said, "I heard the Dongting water in the past, but now Im going tothe Yueyang Tower. In the southeast of Wu and Chu, heaven and earth float dayand night. Family and friends have no word, old and sick have their own boat.The army passes the mountain north, depending on the Xuan tears Si flow Hisconcern for the prison and the people is beyond expression. Fan Zhongyans"Yueyang Tower" is the development of this excellent tradition to the peak. Thephilosophy of "not to be happy with things, not to be sad with yourself", Atthat time, Su Dongpo expressed his emotion that "although it is not easy for asage to rise again", which Liu Shaoqi introduced as the criterion for thecultivation of Communist Party members, Hu Yaobang praised as thecrystallization of traditional Chinese virtues. It is indeed the most preciouscultural relics of Chinese spiritual civilization. Among the three famousbuildings in the south of the Yangtze River, only Yueyang Tower is a nationalcultural relic with historical, artistic and scientific value. The Yueyang Towernow seen is a pure wood structure. It was overhauled in 1983 according to theprinciple of "keeping the old as it is". It has four columns, three floors,cornices and helmet top. The whole building is made of wood without a brick or anail. The door joints are mortise and tenon. The workmanship is very exquisite.In history, Yueyang Tower has been destroyed and repaired for more than 50times. Friends, this couplet in front of the door, "Dongting Tianxia water,Yueyang Tianxia tower", is extracted from the five character quatrains of WeiYunzhen, a poet of the Ming Dynasty. The last two sentences of this poem are"who is the scholar in the world, drinking on the top of the building." Today,you are going to be the corporal of the day. Lets enjoy the profound YueyangTower culture and the magnificent mountains and rivers of Yueyang with Dongtingas the wine. Maybe you will be as drunk as Li Bai.

On the wall of Baling ancient city, the "Xiaoxiang archway in the SouthPole" and the "Wuxia archway in the north" were built in the Qing Dynasty. Thecouplets of chanting scenery in the two places are all written by famousartists. In the north of the ancient times, he Shaoji, a great calligrapher ofthe Qing Dynasty, wrote couplets, and Li duo, a famous calligrapher of thecontemporary era. In the south, Zhang Zhao, who wrote Yueyang Tower in the QingDynasty, and Liu Haisu, a contemporary master of calligraphy and painting, wrotethe couplet. From then on, we can see that Yueyang Tower was loved by literatiof all ages.

Now in front of you is Yueyang Tower. The three characters of "YueyangTower" on the horizontal plaque were inscribed by Mr. Guo Moruo, and now it hasbeen compiled into the book named plaque of Zhongjun. Yueyang Tower is 2135mhigh, 1724m wide and 14.56m deep. Three story three eaves, helmet top type woodstructure, covered with yellow glazed tiles. The helmet top is a prominentfeature of Yueyang Tower. You can see that it looks like the helmet of anancient general. It is powerful and majestic. With cornices, it has smoothcurves and gives people a sense of power. Looking at the Ruyi Dougong under thehelmet top, it looks like a beehive. It is decorated with dragon head, phoenixhead and cloud head. It not only supports the gravity of the helmet top, butalso makes the whole building more exquisite, solemn and harmonious. The top ofthe roof, ridge ornaments, head up and other components are all ceramic productsleft over from the middle of the Qing Dynasty. Therefore, Yueyang Tower has madeamazing achievements in aesthetics, mechanics, architecture and technology.

When you enter the main building, the first thing you see is the carvedscreen of Yueyang Tower, which is composed of 12 pieces of red sandalwood. Asmentioned above, the name of Yueyang Tower was only used in the Tang Dynasty. Atthat time, Li Bai, Du Fu, Liu Yuxi, Li Shangyin and other talented personagesand poets came one after another. They look out from the cantharidin tower, goboating in Dongting, and write hard. In his poem "climbing Yueyang Tower withXia 12", Li Bai described it as follows: "the tower views Yueyang as far aspossible, and the Sichuan Dongting opens. The wild goose leads the sorrowfulheart to go, the mountain holds the good month to come. Even stay in the clouds,the sky line cup. After getting drunk, the cool wind blows and the people danceLi Shangyin, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, also wrote the poem Yueyang Tower:"if you want to get rid of your worries, you can go to Yueyang Tower on DongtingLake. Its a pity that thousands of Li can take advantage of the prosperity.Its a dragons solution to the shipwreck. " The Yueyang Tower became more andmore famous because of these new words.

However, it was after Teng Zijing rebuilt Yueyang Tower and Fan Zhongyanwrote Yueyang Tower. In the fourth year of Qingli period, Ying Zijing wasdemoted to be the governor of Yuezhou. After he took office, he organized threemajor events: first, building a rainbow dike under the Yueyang Tower to defendthe waves of Dongting Lake; second, setting up a county school to cultivatetalents; third, rebuilding the Yueyang tower. Teng Zijing has both literarytalent and military strategy. He thinks that "it is not long for Louguan to becalled a reporter by writing, and the writing is not written by those who aretalented and powerful.". So he thought of his friend Fan Zhongyan, who was aJinshi in the same middle school. He wrote a Book of Qiuji, which introduced thestructure and momentum of Yueyang Tower after it was revised. He poured out hiseagerness to ask Fan Zhongyan to write a record. He also asked someone to draw apicture of autumn evening in Dongting, which copied the poems and Odes ofYueyang Tower chanted by famous scholars of all ages. He sent people to FanZhongyans demoted residence day and night It is located in Dengzhou. FanZhongyan was a famous statesman, litterateur and militarist in the Northern SongDynasty. Like Wei Zijing, he was rejected and attacked because he advocated theinnovation of politics. After receiving the letter from Teng Zijing, he read itrepeatedly and thought about it carefully, and finally wrote the famous story ofYueyang Tower. Although the full text of this article is only 368 words, it hasbroad content, profound philosophy, majestic momentum, sonorous language andpearly words. It has become a masterpiece for thousands of years. However, thesaying "first worry about the world, and then joy about the world" has become afamous saying handed down from generation to generation, and has become theaccumulation of the noble personality culture of the outstanding knowledge ofthe Chinese nation. The story of Yueyang Tower, with its supreme content andartistic charm, has been handed down for thousands of years and nourishedpeoples hearts. After receiving Fan Zhongyans Yueyang Tower, Teng Zijing wasoverjoyed. He immediately asked Su Zimei, a great calligrapher, to write it andShao Songhui, a famous sculptor, to engrave it on a wooden plaque. As a result,Lou, Ji, calligraphy and sculpture are collectively known as the "four wonders".Unfortunately, the sculpture was destroyed in the fire during the reign ofemperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty. The screen we see now is written by ZhangZhao, a famous calligrapher and Minister of the Ministry of punishment in theQianlong period of the Qing Dynasty.

The whole building is supported by four big nanmu columns. It runs from thebottom of the building to the top of the building, and then uses 12 gold pillarsas the inner ring to support the second floor. Around it, 20 wooden pillars areused to control the door joints and tenons, and connect them as a whole. Thewhole Yueyang Tower is of pure wood structure, and no iron nail can be found. Onthe first floor, there are couplets chanting Yueyang Tower by ancient and modernmasters. The one in the middle of the hall is the longest of the couplets. Thefirst couplet begins with "whats strange on the first floor", listing theachievements and legends of poets, famous Confucians, virtuous officials andwine immortals left in Yueyang Tower, expressing the authors regret for thepast and the present; the second couplet introduces the famous mountains andrivers, the magnificent and dangerous city of baling. If you write down thiscouplet, you will have a general understanding of Yueyang Tower.

A carved screen of Yueyang Tower is hung on the front of the second floor.There is a story circulating here. During the reign of Daoguang in the QingDynasty, a magistrate surnamed Wu came to Yueyang. He took a fancy to the carvedscreen of Yueyang Tower, and bribed a master of folk art carving with a largesum of money to make another carved screen. Taking advantage of the opportunityof being transferred out of Yueyang, Wuzhi county took advantage of theopportunity to steal the beam and change the column, and fled on a stormy nightwith the carved screen of Jiaxiao and Zhang Zhao. The boat was overturned in thejiumazui section of Dongting Lake by wind and waves, and the carved screen sankto the bottom of the lake. It was salvaged by local fishermen and collected byWu Minshu, a local scholar. After 120 silver from the hands of Wus descendantswill screen back. During the cultural revolution, the red guards wanted to smashthe feudal carved screen. In order to protect it, the workers covered thewriting with plaster and wrote Chairman Maos poems. In this way, the carvedscreen escaped another disaster. This one and the one on the first floor areboth true and false, just like the list of merits and demerits.

The third floor is the top floor of Yueyang Tower. Looking from the window,you can appreciate the majestic momentum of "holding the distant mountains andswallowing the Yangtze River" and enjoy the beautiful scenery of lakes andmountains, which is "the same color of water and sky, boundless wind and moon".Signed "Changgeng libaishu". When we stand on the third floor and look out fromthe window, we can see that the water and sky of Dongting Lake are united, theclear wind and the moon are boundless, and the mountains and lakes are all onthe first floor. Isnt the feeling that "the water and the sky are united, thewind and the moon are boundless"?

In the middle is the strip screen of Deng Yueyang Tower written by Du Fu inMao Zedongs handwriting. You can see that it has rigorous layout, bold andunrestrained brushwork, iron and silver hook, vigorous and straight, which isdeeply rooted in huaisus wild grass style, and has its own style. This is arare art treasure, hanging here, making Yueyang Tower even more icing on thecake.

Out of the Yueyang Tower is the three drunk Pavilion, which is the place toworship Lu Xian. Lu Dongbin used medicine to save people and did good deeds. Hewas deeply respected by the people. In addition, he was named "Fuyou emperor" bythe emperor of Yuan Dynasty. He was one of the five northern ancestors ofTaoism. Yueyang Tower was built with yellow glazed tiles specially used by theemperors in feudal times as the place where LV Xian stopped. Why is Lu Xian soprominent in Yueyang? It turns out that there are anecdotes about Lu Xian in theannals of Yueyangs prefectures and counties, saying that he had drunk with TengZijing, played chess with Wang Taishou, the national chess player, and stoppedQiao Taishous sedan chair when he was drunk. In particular, Zhizhou Li Guan notonly records the origin of LV Xiantings story, but also includes two poems byLV Xian. At that time, they were carved in front of Yueyang Tower with hugestones. One of them is "when you travel to the north, the dusk of Cangwu, thecourage of the green snake in your sleeve, when you are drunk in Yueyang, youcant recognize it, and you can fly over Dongting Lake with langyin." The nameof sanzui Pavilion comes from this poem.

Finally, visit Yueyang Tower culture and Art Center. There are not only thecarved screen of Yueyang Tower written by the famous calligraphers Mi Fu, ZhuYunming, Dong Qichang and Zhang Zhao, but also the image display of theconcentrated landscape of Yueyang Tower in song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.There are also a large number of works of art and crafts with Yueyang Towerculture as the theme, as well as various books and periodicals about YueyangTower. Besides enjoying, you can choose your favorite souvenirs forcommemoration.

Dear tourists

Welcome to Yueyang Tower, one of the three famous buildings inJiangnan.

Now standing in front of you is Yueyang Tower. The three characterhorizontal plaque of "Yueyang Tower" hanging on the top of the building wasproposed by Chairman Mao Zedong in 1961 and asked to be inscribed by Mr. LiMoruo. Yueyang Tower is 21.35 meters high, with four columns, three floors,cornice, helmet top and pure wood structure. In the middle, the big nanmu columncarries most of the gravity from the ground to the top, and then 12 "goldcolumns" are used as the inner wall to support the second floor. Around theperiphery, 20 eaves columns are used to restrain each other and form a whole.The cornices and the roof use umbrella shaped frame to transfer the load. Thethird floor is lined with Ruyi Dou arches, which support the roof. There is nota single brick in the whole building. All of them are made of wood. The doorjoints and tenons are made of strict structure, exquisite workmanship and solemnmodeling. Eaves and roof, are covered with yellow glazed tiles. There are fourridges on the eaves of each layer. The first ridge is decorated with lotus andlotus pods, and the head up is Phoenix; the second one is the head up tap; thethird one is decorated with rolled grass, and the head up is Huiwen RuyiXiangyun. The whole pavilion has double eaves, locked windows, carved beams andpainted buildings, red pillars and colorful couplets, which are resplendent andmagnificent. In particular, the top of the third floor is very similar to thehelmet of an ancient general, which is called the helmet top, which is quiterare in the ancient architecture of this country. The whole Yueyang Tower hasmade amazing achievements in aesthetics, mechanics, architecture and technology,so it has been known as "Yueyang World Tower" since ancient times.

You cant help but ask, since its a famous building in the world, why onlythree floors were built? Its said that the builders at that time chose thetime, the location and the harmony of people. The predecessor of Yueyang Toweris Yuejun tower of Lu Su, a general of the Three Kingdoms. More than 1700 yearsago, in the 20th year of Jianan in the Eastern Han Dynasty, in order to competewith Liu Wu for Jingzhou, Sun Quan of the eastern Wu Dynasty sent Lu Su to leadten thousand soldiers to garrison the strategic area of Bachu, which is todayYueyang. Lu Su practiced the water army in Dongting Lake, built a strong city inthe west of the city near the mountains and rivers, and built the Yuejun towerto command and inspect the water army, which is the predecessor of YueyangTower. During the Tang Dynasty, Yuejun building was expanded, which basicallyhad the original architectural art and historical style. Now, please follow meinto yuelou.

Dear tourists, the first thing that catches our eyes here is the carvedscreen of Yueyang Tower, which is composed of 12 pieces of red sandalwood. As wesaid earlier, the name of Yueyang Tower was only used in the Tang Dynasty.During this period, Li Bai, Du Fu, Liu Yuxi, Li Shangyin and other talentedcelebrities, or uninhibited emigrants came one after another. They went up tothe building to look into the distance, went boating in Dongting, and workedhard to write.

However, Yueyang Tower was really famous in the world after Teng Zijingrebuilt it in the Northern Song Dynasty and Fan Zhongyan wrote Yueyang Tower. Inthe fourth year of Qingli period, Teng Zijing, who was falsely accused, wasdemoted to be the magistrate of Yuezhou. After he took office, he organizedthree major events: first, he built Yanhong dike under Yueyang Tower Lake toprevent the waves of Dongting Lake; second, he set up county school to cultivatetalents; third, he rebuilt Yueyang Tower. The rebuilt Yueyang Tower ismagnificent in scale. Teng Zijing is a man of both culture and martial arts. Hethinks that "Louguan is not a reporter for a long time without words.". Such apavilion, you must have a title record, in order to be immortal. So he thoughtof Fan Zhongyan, a good friend of his own. Then he wrote a Book of Qiuji, whichintroduced the structure and momentum of Yueyang Tower after repair, poured outhis eagerness to ask Fan Zhongyan to write a record, and asked someone to draw apicture of autumn evening in Dongting, which transcribed the poems and Odes ofYueyang Tower chanted by celebrities of all dynasties, and sent them toDengzhou, Henan Province, where Fan Zhongyan was demoted at that time. FanZhongyan is a famous statesman, litterateur and militarist in the Northern SongDynasty. Like Teng Zijing, he was rejected and attacked for advocatinginnovation politics and was demoted to Dengzhou. After receiving Teng Zijingsletter, he read it again and again, conceived it carefully, and finally wrotethe famous story of Yueyang Tower. Although the full text of this article isonly 368 words, it is broad in content, profound in philosophy, majestic inmomentum, and sonorous in language. Among them, "first worry about the world,then enjoy the world" has become a famous sentence handed down from generationto generation. As a matter of fact, the reason why Yueyang Tower can be praisedin the past dynasties is that it skillfully and vividly integrates a majorideological proposition into the description of beautiful scenery. It enlightenspeople: "dont be happy with things, dont be sad", and shows the loftyphilosophy of life that "worry about the world first, and enjoy the worldlater". The authors noble sentiment and broad mind can not help but make peoplesigh. It inspires people from generation to generation to think about life,honor and disgrace, and know their mission. As an accumulation of the noblepersonality culture of the excellent intellectuals of the Chinese nation, thestory of Yueyang Tower, with its supreme ideological content and artistic charm,has been handed down for thousands of years and is immortal, nourishing peopleshearts. Since then, Yueyang Towers fame has been greatly publicized both athome and abroad. This is what people call "the text is preserved by thebuilding, and the building is named by the text". It is said that Teng Zijingwas overjoyed when he received Fan Zhongyans Yueyang Tower. He immediatelyasked Su Shunqin, a great calligrapher, to write it and Shao song, a famoussculptor, to carve it on a wooden plaque. As a result, Lou, Ji, calligraphy andsculpture are all called "four wonders". Unfortunately, what we see now is notthe "four unique plaque". It was destroyed in the fire in the Shenzong period ofthe Song Dynasty. The carving screen we see is written by Zhang Zhao, a famouscalligrapher and Minister of punishment in Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty.

Now, lets pay attention to the four big nanmu pillars in the first floor.The four columns run from the bottom of the building to the top of the building,supporting the whole weight of the building. Then, 12 columns replace the innerring to support the second floor. Around 20 wooden columns, they restrain eachothers bolt joints and tenons, forming a whole. The whole Yueyang Tower is ofpure wood structure, and no iron nail can be found. You can also see that on thefour walls of the building, there are many pairs of wooden plaques, which arecouplets of Yueyang Tower chanted by ancient and modern masters. The couplethanging in the middle of the hall was written by he Shaoji, a great calligrapherin the Qing Dynasty. It is the longest couplet in Yueyang Tower. This coupletis:

On the first floor, whats strange? Du Shaolings five charactermasterpiece, fan Xiwens two words about love, Teng Zijings all kinds of waste,and LV Chunyangs three times will make him drunk. Shiye? Ruye? Liye? Xianye? Noancients before, which makes me sad.

Please have a look: Dongting, jixiaoting, Hunan, the Yangtze River to thenorth of wuxia, baling to the west of laishuangqi, Yuezhou to the east ofYanjiang. He who keeps _, who flows, who stands, is the town. There is a realmeaning in it. Who can understand it.

The first couplet starts with "whats strange on the first floor", whichlists the achievements and traditions of poets, famous Confucians, virtuousofficials and wine immortals left in Yueyang Tower, expressing the authorsregret for the past and the present; the second couplet introduces the famousmountains, Dachuan, Xiongguan and dangerous towns of baling. If you write downthis couplet, you will have a general understanding of Yueyang Tower.

(on the second floor of Yueyang Tower)

As soon as we came to the second floor, we immediately found that a carvedscreen of Yueyang Tower was also hung on the second floor. Why? There is a realstory in it. During the reign of Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty, a magistratesurnamed Wu came to Yueyang. As soon as he took office, he took a fancy to thescreen carving of Yueyang Tower. He bribed a folk art sculptor with a large sumof money. He spent 17 months carefully copying and secretly copying the screencarving. Two years later, taking advantage of the opportunity of beingtransferred from Yueyang Tower, Wuzhi county took advantage of the opportunityto steal the beam and change the column, and fled on a stormy night with thecarved screen of Jiaxiao and Zhang Zhao. I didnt expect that soon after theboat was sailing, the wind and rain were so strong that the boat was overturnedin the jiumazui section of Dongting Lake. The carved screen also drifted withthe waves. Because it was made of red sandalwood, it all sank into the water.Later, the lake was dry and shallow, and the original carving screen of YueyangTower was salvaged by local fishermen. During salvage, the word "Gehu" on theeighth screen and the word "Le" on the tenth screen were damaged. After hearingthe news, Wu Minshu, a local scholar, bought back the carved screen from thefishermen with 120 grain silver. It took three years to copy Zhang Zhaoshandwriting before he added the damaged three words. As you can see, there areobvious mending marks on the carving screen. Nearly 120__ later, when theYueyang Tower was renovated again, local officials used 120 pieces of ocean toredeem the screen from the descendants of the Wu family and hang it on thesecond floor of the Yueyang Tower. As for the one on the first floor, althoughit is a fake, it has a history of 120__ years. Of course, it is a culturalrelic. Two sets of carved screens, one true and one false, are just like a listof merits and demerits, revealing to future generations, which is worthpondering.

(upper third floor)

Now we are on the third floor of Yueyang Tower. In the middle of the hall,there is a woodcut screen of Chairman Mao Zedongs poem "climbing Yueyang Tower"written by Du Fu. Dus poem reads: "once I heard the Dongting water, now I amgoing to Yueyang Tower. In the southeast of Wu and Chu, heaven and earth floatday and night. There is no certainty between relatives and friends. The armypasses the mountain north, depending on the Xuan tears Si flow His calligraphystyle is bold and unrestrained, rigorous layout, vigorous and straight, and hasboth form and spirit. His brush strokes are similar to those of wild grass ofhuaisu in Tang Dynasty. This is an impromptu book written by Chairman Mao on thetrain in the autumn of 1964 when he returned to Beijing by train from Changshaand passed by Yueyang. On both sides of the screen, there is the shortestcouplet of Yueyang Tower, only eight characters. The first couplet is "the samecolor of water and sky", and the second couplet is "boundless wind and moon".Signed as "Chang Geng Li Bai". When we stand on the third floor and look outfrom the window, we can see that the water and sky of Dongting Lake are in thesame color. When the wind is clear and the moon is boundless, and the mountainsand lakes gather in the building, can we get the feeling that "the water and thesky are in the same color, and the wind and the moon are boundless"? Finally,please look up at the roof again. The color of the roof is rich in national andlocal characteristics. The Ruyi Dougong is stacked against each other. It bearsthe load. The arch supports the roof and uses the umbrella frame to carry theload. Like the helmet top structure, it is also rare in our existing ancientbuildings.

In order to deepen the connotation of the famous building and enrich thecontent of the scenic spot, Yueyang Tower is speeding up the construction of thescenic spot and has made plans. Ill explain the introduction of Yueyang Towerto you. Welcome to Yueyang next time. I wish you a pleasant journey and apleasant journey!

Hello, everyone. Welcome to Yueyang Tower, one of the three famousbuildings in Jiangnan. Yueyang Tower is one of the national key cultural relicsprotection units and the first batch of 4A grade tourist areas. The landscapefeatures of Yueyang Tower can be summarized in four aspects. First, it has along history. Yueyang Tower, formerly known as Yuejun tower built by Lu Su, wasbuilt in the 19th year of Jianan (220__ AD) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, andbecame Yueyang Tower in the 2nd year of Qianyuan (759 AD) of emperor suzong ofTang Dynasty. Among the three famous buildings in the south of the YangtzeRiver, Yueyang Tower has the longest history. Second, it has unique scenery. Thescenery of Yueyang Tower is composed of river, lake, mountain and city. "Balingis like a victory, holding Yuanshan in a lake in Dongting, swallowing theYangtze River. Its boundless, bright and gloomy, and has a magnificentatmosphere.". Third, it has a profound culture. Yueyang Towers poetrycollection contains more than a thousand masterpieces, as well as a large numberof couplets, plaques, paintings and inscriptions. Most of them are permeatedwith the sense of hardship of famous Chinese people. For example, Du Fus"climbing Yueyang Tower" expresses his concern for the country and the people,and Fan Zhongyans "Yueyang Tower" brings this excellent tradition into fullplay. Su Dongpos philosophy of not being happy with things and not being sadfor himself, his sense of anxiety and happiness after the worlds worries, andhis spirit of integration made Su Dongpo express his emotion that "although itis not easy for sages to rise again"; Fourth, cultural relics are precious.Among the three famous buildings in the south of the Yangtze River, only YueyangTower is a state-level historical relic with historical, artistic and scientificvalue. Now we can see that Yueyang Tower is a pure wood structure, which wasoverhauled in 1983 according to the principle of "keeping the old as it is". Thewhole building is made of wood without a brick or a nail. The door seam ismortise and tenon, and the technology is very skillful. Well, friends, now infront of you is Yueyang Tower. The three characters "Yueyang Tower" on thehorizontal plaque were inscribed by Mr. Guo Moruo and have been included in thebook "Chinese famous plaque". You see, the whole building is supported by fourbig nanmu columns, which run from the bottom of the building to the top of thebuilding, and then the second floor is supported by 12 gold columns as the innerring, surrounded by 20 wooden columns, which are connected as a whole byrestraining the door joints and tenons. Yueyang Tower has three floors and threeeaves, with a helmet top wooden structure and yellow glazed tiles. Helmet top isthe outstanding feature of Yueyang Tower. You see, it looks like the helmet ofan ancient general. Its powerful and majestic. Its equipped with cornices. Ithas smooth curves and gives people a sense of power. If you look at the RuyiDougong under the helmet top, it looks like a honeycomb. It is layered andmatched. It is decorated with dragon head, phoenix head and cloud head. It notonly supports the gravity of the helmet top, but also makes the whole buildingmore exquisite, solemn and harmonious. Therefore, Yueyang Tower has made amazingachievements in aesthetics, mechanics, architecture and technology. When youenter the main building, the first thing you can see is the carved screen ofYueyang Tower, which is composed of 12 pieces of red sandalwood. Yueyang Towerreally became famous in the world. It was after Teng Zijing rebuilt YueyangTower in the Northern Song Dynasty and Fan Zhongyan wrote Yueyang Tower. In thefourth year of Qingli period, Teng Zijing was demoted to the magistrate ofYuezhou. After he took office, he rebuilt Yueyang Tower and invited his friendFan Zhongyan Zhong Yan wrote down the famous article Yueyang Tower. Although thefull text of this article is only 368 words, it has broad content, profoundphilosophy, magnificent momentum and sonorous language, which has become thebest song for thousands of years. And "worry about the world first, and enjoythe world later" has become a famous sentence handed down from generation togeneration, and has become the accumulation of the noble personality culture ofthe excellent intellectuals of the Chinese nation. The story of Yueyang Tower,with its supreme ideological content and artistic charm, has been handed downfor thousands of years and is immortal, nourishing peoples hearts. The coupletsof Yueyang Tower sung by ancient and modern masters on the first floor. Standinghere on the third floor of the top floor of Yueyang Tower, we can enjoy themajestic momentum of "holding the distant mountains and swallowing the YangtzeRiver" and the beautiful scenery of lakes and mountains. You can see that thewater and sky of Dongting Lake are united, the wind is clear, the moon isboundless, the mountains are beautiful, and the lake is full of light. Dont youget the feeling that "the water and the sky are united, the wind and the moonare boundless"? In the middle is the strip screen of Deng Yueyang Tower writtenby Du Fu in Mao Zedongs handwriting. You can see that it has strict layout,bold and unrestrained brushwork, strong and straight, which is deeply rooted inthe legacy of huaisus wild grass and has its own style This is really a rareart treasure, hanging here, making Yueyang Tower even more icing on the cake.Ill explain the introduction of Yueyang Tower to you. Welcome to come hereagain. Thank you