华西村的景点有哪些【通用20篇】

各位游客：

你们好，欢迎你们来到成都旅游，我是你们的导游__。

西岭雪山风景名胜区位于成都市西大邑县境内，总面积483平方公里。景区内最高峰庙基岭海拔5364米，矗立天际，终年积雪。唐代大诗人杜甫寓居成都草堂时就曾眺望此景，写下了“窗含西岭千秋雪”的名句。景区集林海雪原、高山气象、险峰怪石、奇花异树、珍禽稀兽、激流飞瀑等景观于一体，是国家级风景名胜区。

西岭雪山风景名胜区景观以原始森林为依托，四季可游：春看百花，夏观群瀑，秋赏红叶，冬弄冰雪。尤以高山垂直分布的四季风光最具吸引力。随着游人攀登高度的变化，同一季节可览四季风光带。当海拔1300米到2100米的低中山区青山叠翠，繁花似锦的时候，而在3200米以上的高山区则是银装素裹，白雪皑皑。海拔3312米的红石尖，是天然的观景台，西看绵延数百里的大雪山，每当旭日东升，可见“日照金山”的奇观。东则可望成都平原一泻千里。

白沙岗一带，一边是云盖雾锁，一边是湛湛蓝天，“阴阳”两界分明，世所罕见。日月坪一带，日出、云海、佛光、华光等气象景观常见。景区水源丰富，千水漂流。九瀑一线天、五彩瀑、豹啸泉为最佳水景。原始植被保存完好，是珍稀植物的宝库，内有数百亩成片的珙桐林，有绵延数十里的高山杜鹃花，千亩万株的古桂花林。这里还是濒临绝灭的珍稀动物的保护所，大熊猫、金丝猴、红腹角雉等国家一类保护动物达12种之多。景区距成都市区仅105公里，公路直达景区，交通方便。

西岭雪山的地方特产有唐场豆腐、鹤鸣贡茶、双河豆花、蔡山老窖、野猪肉、六二韭。

北宋熙宁间(1068—1077)九牛山尖古塔被雷震圮，邑令葛逢以“青龙有声井邑兴”迁建于此。“时有僧曰梅塔主者，建塔九层，并建塔院，设钟鼓。”

南宋淳熙间(1174-1189)，县令赵彦晖、袁采续建。塔高约18米，系六面七层楼阁式砖塔。须弥座。每层平座为平砖叠涩。八角倚柱，方形?柱，明间设?门，次间雕佛像，菱角牙子叠涩出檐，斗栱四铺作。葫芦形塔顶，塔砖上舍钱题记多处。

原塔院淳熙二年至五年(1175—1178)，县令赵彦晖、袁采续行修建，五十年代拆毁。塔高约18米，砖结构，六面七级空心楼阁式。菱角牙子叠涩出檐，檐有生起，翼角微翘，檐下用四铺作平斗拱。平座为平砖叠涩，挑出甚浅，不施斗拱，八角倚柱，方形式柱，明间壶门，次间雕佛像，塔砖上舍钱题记颇多。造型壮美，为“萧台八景”之一。东塔高耸海空，时见云烟缭绕，数十里外就可望见。元李孝光《东塔云烟》诗云：“海月四更多塔去，天风万里擘松开。烟消日出无人到，独自看云山上来。”名士登临游览颇不乏人，今塔下路旁还刻有“王梅溪读书外”等字样。

该塔庄严挺秀，雕刻优美，具有较高的历史、科学和艺术价值。

1989年列为浙江省第三批文物保护单位。

各位游客大家好，欢迎来到岳麓山。我是您们的导游小王，今天我将带着大家游玩岳麓山。

岳麓山位于湖南省，长沙市，湘江西面。我们来到岳麓山脚下，走过拱形的大门，走着脚下的鹅卵石，就来到了美丽的爱晚亭。

爱晚亭顶上是由绿色的琉璃瓦筑成的，红色的柱子，绿色的栏杆。柱子上还有毛主席写的对联呢!一阵风吹过，爱晚亭两旁翠绿的柳树被风吹的沙沙作响，爱晚亭前的大胡也泛起了层层波纹，这个湖十分美丽，翠绿的湖面像一块碧绿的玉一样，清澈见底。爱晚亭中央还有许多座位和棋盘，供游客们休息和下棋。

走过爱晚亭，往一条小山路走去就来到了清风泉。

清风泉中有一个小井似的洞，接泉水的人们可以把水罐放在小洞里接水，泉水冰冰的，像从冰箱里拿出来似的，水十分清澈，听说喝下清风泉的水可以越活越年轻。

沿着清风泉旁的小山路上去，就可以到鸟语林里去游玩。鸟语林里有成百上千只稀有小鸟，比如猫头鹰，金钢鹰鹉，大嘴鸟等等，全是我们平常很难见到的鸟。

经过鸟语林再走一段路程就到了岳麓山的最顶峰了，站在岳麓山顶上可以看到整个大河西，到处都是一片繁华的景象。

游客们这次岳麓山之游就结束了，岳麓山还有很多美丽的景点，没有去过得朋友们有时间一定要去欣赏哦。

各位游客，大家好，我是本次负责带大家游览香港太平山的导游，很高兴陪伴大家度过愉快的旅程。

一、概况

香港太平山，(英语Victoria Peak)，原名"硬头山"，香港当地居民称它为"山顶The peak"。是香港岛最高的山，海拔达552米，高居临下，站在山顶，可俯瞰香港全貌，迷人景色尽收眼底，在许多香港本地居民及中外游客眼中是到香港旅游不得不去的景点之一。

二、主要游览项目

山顶缆车

登上太平山顶，不得不提到它的钢索缆车，列车依山坡斜斜从海拔28米攀升至396米(约1，300公尺)，沿途饱览维多利亚风光，在部分路段由于斜坡倾度介乎5至25度，窗外的摩天大楼与灌木丛林宛如瞬间倾倒了一般，给人无比刺激体验。每年数以百万计来自世界各地的旅客乘坐山顶缆车，以最壮观的角度，体验这个动感都巿生生不息的景致，以及近在咫尺的大自然风光。

而在花园道山顶缆车总站，还有"山顶缆车历史珍藏馆"，走进此馆仿佛带您时光穿梭，在15个不同主题展区内，展出着超过200件以上来自19至21世纪的历史珍藏，是您大饱眼福。

凌霄阁

山顶凌霄阁由着名英国建筑师特果·法雷尔(Terry Farrel)设计，外形呈十分独特的碗形，尽显摩登建筑的精萃，更是香港最时尚设计的建筑物之一，是集观光、娱乐、购物于一身的香港必游地点。其外貌广被全球数以百万计的明信片及照片取用。

凌霄阁摩天台428

莅临香港最高360度观景台凌霄阁摩天台428，尽是目不暇给的视觉体验，让您站于海拔428米的无敌观景台之上，在全港最优越的地理位置，饱览醉人都会景致，大有君临天下之感。不论您是于日间、下午或晚上时间到访山顶，观赏感觉迥然不同，各有特色，凌霄阁摩天台428实是不能错过的最佳观景地点!另外，凌霄阁更设有凌霄展廊，巨型展板展出香港早期的珍贵照片，与市民重返昔日，体会香港百年变化。若想尽情体验山顶旅程，山顶缆车摩天套票让您可以同时登上香港最高360度观景台，可享受优惠价。您也可以在凌霄阁的顾客服务中心(地面)购买凌霄阁摩天台428入场票。

现在，摩天台西翼更开放给公众预订为私人活动场地，无论是婚宴节庆、私人派对或是商务宴会，都是别具特色兼无可媲美的选择。

柯士甸山游乐场

距离山顶凌霄阁最近的休息好去处，莫过于柯士甸山游乐场，沿柯士甸山漫步约7分钟即可抵达。游乐场设有极富中国风的观景园，让游客在开扬的景观下享受悠然自得的空间，是乐聚天伦的理想地方。

美景佳肴

山顶凌霄阁罗致四间时尚餐厅与众多特色食肆，是商务聚餐、亲友聚会甚至节日喜庆的理想选择。非凡的味觉享受、别开生面的餐厅布置，营造欢愉的聚餐气氛，活演这国际都会对于色香味的追求。

三、结束语

好了，今天的游览就到此结束，希望这次旅行给大家留下了深刻的印象，欢迎下次再到香港太平山来玩!

我国景点英文版导游词

下面几篇范文是我国的景点英文版导游词，感兴趣的不妨看看怎么写吧，欢迎阅读借鉴，希望你们喜欢。

北京故宫博物院英文导游词

hello, everyone,

we are now going to pay a visit to a place of special interest. this scenic spot is located at the center of beijing and is characterized by thousands of palatial architectures and purple walls as well as yellow glazed tile roofs- it is simply a sea of palaces. this is the world – famous wonder – the palace museum.

the palace museum has served as the royal residence during the ming and qing dynasties. it was here that a total of 24 monarchs ascended the throne and wielded power for some 500 years. the palace museum, as the most beautiful spot of interest throughout beijing, is unique for its location: to the northwest is beihai(north sea) park, famous for its white pagoda and rippling lake; to the west is the zhongnahai (central and south sea); to the east lies the the wangfujing shopping street; and to the north id jinshan park. standing in the wanchun (everlasting spring) pavilion at the top of jingshan(charcoal hill) park, you overlook the skyline of the palace museum. at the southern end of the palace is tian` anmen (gate of heavenly peace) and the famous square named after it . this is the symbol of the people` s republic of china.

a world-famous historical site, the palace museum is on the world heritage list of unesco and is an embodiment of oriental civilization.

the palace museum is rectangular in shape, 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meters wide from east to west, covering a space of 720,000 square meters of which 150,000 is building area . it has 9000-strong rooms in it . according to legend there are 9999.5 room-units in all .the whole compound is enclosed by a 10-meter-hign wall and is accessed through four entrances, namely, the meridian gate in the south ,the gate of military prowess in the north, donghua(eastern flowery ) gate in the north, donghua ( eastern flowery) gate in the east and xihua(western flowery ) gate in the west. on each corner there is a turret consisted of 9 roof beams, 18 pillars and 72 ridge . encircling the compound there is a 3,800-meter-long and 52 meter-wide moat, making the palace museum a self-defensive city-within-a city.

the palace museum was made a center of rule during the ming dynasty by zhun di, the fourth son of the founding emperor zhuyuanzhang. the whole complex straddles on an 8-kilometers-long central axis that stretches from yongding (forever stable) gate in the south to gulou (drum tower) in the north. prominence was given to the royal power by putting the “three main front halls” and “three back halls ”on the axis while arrange other subsidiary structure around them .the construction of the palace museum involved manpower and resources across china. for example, the bricks laid in the halls ,known as “gold brick, ” underwent complex, two –dozen processes. as the final touch ,the fired bricks were dipped in chinese wood oil. involving complicated processes and high cost, these brick are called “golden bricks.” the palace museum serves as a living embodiment of good tradition and styles unique to china` s ancient architecture. it reflects to the full the ingenuity and creativity of the chinese working people. a carefully preserved and complete group of royal residences, the palace museum is a prominent historical and tourist site.

what we are now approaching is the main entrance to the palace museum-the meridian gate, which is characterized by red walls, yellow glazed –tile roofs and upturned eaves. on top of this walls, yellow glazed-tile roofs and upturned eaves. on top of this magnificent building ,there stand five lofty halls with a main hall in the center. the main hall is roofed by multiple eaves and covers a space of 9 room-units. it is flanked by two wings on each side .the wings are square in shape ,complete with multiple and four edged eaves and pinnacles. all of these structures are connected by a colonnade. because these halls resemble a soaring bird, it was also know as wufenglou (five-phoenix tower) . inside the main hall there is a throne. drums and bells were stored in the wings. whenever the emperor presided over grand ceremonies or observed rites in the hall of upreme harmony, drums, bells and gongs would be struck to mark the occasion.

as the legend goes, the meridian gate used to be a place where condemned ranking officials would be executed. this not true. however, flogging was carried out here by the ming emperors ,if a courtier falls afoul of the emperor, he would be stripped of his court dress and flogging with a stick .at one point the punishment became so harsh that a total of 11 people died from fatal wound on a single occasion .on the other hand, this building was also used to observe important occasions like the traditional chinese lantern festival (15th day of the first lunar month). on these occasions, chinese lanterns would be hanged and sumptuous banquets would be given in honour of the whole court of ministers and other ranking officials.

upon entering the meridian gate we began our tour of the palace museum. the river foowing in front of us is known as jin shui he (golden water river) and the five marbles bridges spanning it are known as the inner golden water bridges. the on in the middle was used exclusive by the emperor and its banisters were carved with dragon and phoenix designs. the bridges flanking the imperial one were reserved for princes and other royal members. the rest were used by palatines. aside from decoration, the golden water river was also dug as precaution against fire. most of the structures within the palace museum are made of wood. what is more ,according to ancient chinese cosmology, the south is the abode of fire, so this brook was dug on the southern tip of the palace. in this way, the palace museum reflects traditional chinese culture.

this building is called the gate of supreme harmony .in the foreground stand two bronze lions. can anybody tell which is male and which is female? the one on the east playing with a ball is male, symbolizing power and universal unity. the other on the west with a cub cuddling underneath its claw is female? the one on the east playing with a ball is male, symbolizing power and universal unity. the other on the west with a cub cuddling underneath its claw is female, representing prosperity the endless succession. a layout of the palace museum is posted by the entrance . from it ,you can see that the palace museum has two main parts: the forecourt and the inner court. the three main halls constitute the mainstay of the forecourt, and it was here that the emperor announced decisions and observed rites. behind the forecourt there is the inner court, consisting of major halls and the imperial garden .it was where the emperor attended state affairs, lived and enjoyed his luxurious life. the exhibition system of the palace museum involves historical court relics and articles of ancient art and culture. the palace museum houses nearly one million articles of rare treasure, or one sixth of the total number in all of china `s museums. there are the three main halls of the palace museum, built on a triple marble terrace . since most of china `s architecture is made of wood, the buildings cannot be too tall. to gain the height of the architecture, ingenious ancient artisans built the hall on a gigantic stone terrace .it is also to this end that not a single plant was grown in the square. on stairways of triple marble terrace there are 18 bronze tripods .the verandah is flanked by bronze tortoises and cranes, which served as symbols of longevity .on the east is a sundial, an ancient timepiece. on the west there is a grain measure suggesting that the emperor was just and equitable.

in the front and on each flank ,there is a pair of gilt bronze vats (caldrons ) molded during the reign of emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty .each of these weights 2 tons and is filled with water as a precaution in the event of a fire .the structure in the very middle is the hall of supreme harmony ,also known as the throne hall. it is 64 meters in width and is 38 meters from entrance to rear. with terrace exclusive ,the hall is 26.92 meters in height and is 35.03 meters in all .covering and areaof 2,377 square meters, the hall of supreme harmony is china` s largest exiting wooden structure. the hall is supported by 6 thick ,round pillars carved in a design of coiling dragons. as the holiest place in the hall, the ceiling and colored patterns were made of the finest material available at that time. the throne was placed on a terrace and is flanked by statues of elephants, luduan (a unicorn which could travel 18,000 kilometers a day and understand all languages), cranes and incense barrels .over the throne there is the caisson ,or covered ceiling ,which consists of a coiling dragon playing with a ball in its mouth .this ball is known as xuanyuan mirror ,and was supposedly made by a chinese emperor of remote times to serve as a reminder that thee rulers to follow were his hereditary heirs. the throne is made of nanmu and painted in gold .magnificently built and luxuriously decorated ,this hall did not serve as a place in which the emperor attended to daily affairs. he used his hall for major events such as his birthday, conferral of title of empress or dispatch of generals to war.

behind the hall of supreme harmony ,there sits the hall of complete harmony. this structure is square in shape .each side is 24.15 meters. this was the place where the emperor relaxed and greeted his courtiers before proceeding to the hall of supreme harmony to observe rites. this was also the place where the emperor prepared prayers or examined seeds and sowers bef ore he attended ancestral sacrifices or participated in snowing ceremonies. a grand ceremony was also held here once every 10 years for the emperor to genealogize the royal blood. there are two sedan chairs on display in the hall. behind the hall of complete harmony ,you will see the hall of preserving harmony, which was used as a place where imperial examinations were held. the imperial examination was the hignest level of competing for meritorious appointment under the feudal system dating back to the sui dynasty. china` s last imperial examination was held in 1904 during the reign of emperor guangxu of the qing dynasty. to the rear of hall there is a marble ramp carved with cloud and dragon designs, the largest of its kind in the whole country . it is 16.57 meters in length, 3.07 meters in width, 1.7 meters thick and weighs 250 tons. it was quarried in fangshan county in suburban beijing. to bring this giant piece of stone to beijing people poured water onto the road and applied rolling blocks during the process.

we are now standing before the square of the hall of heaven purity. it served as a divide separating the forecourt from the inner court .this building is known as the gate of heavenly purity. emperor qianlong held court here. proceeding further north ,you can find three main rear halls ,i.e. the hall of heavenly purity. the hall of union and peace and palace of earthly tranquility. the hall of heavenly purity if flanked on either side by two gates named after the sun and moon .inside the enclosure there are 12 palaces and halls symbolizing constellations. all of the other buildings are centered around the palace of heavenly purity , which was meant to suggest that the monarch` s power was endowed by heaven. the empress and concubines lived in the inner court.

the hall of heavenly purity was where the emperor lived and attended to daily affairs. later the emperor moved to live in the palace of mental cultivation. looking up you can see a plaque bearing the chinese inscription “be open and above-board,” a manifesto to court struggle .behind the plaque a strongbox was stored containing a will bearing the name of the would –be royal successor. this approach of secretly selecting the next emperor was adopted by emperor yongzheng of the qing dynasty. two copies of the will were prepared .one was stashed by the emperor in person ,the other was placed inside the strong box behind the plaque. after the death of the emperor, the two copies would be compared and successor would be announced. it was in this way that emperor qianglong and others have ascended the throne.

behind the hall of heavenly purity you will see the hall of union and peace , which is indentical to the hall of complete harmony. it was there that the emperor received congratulations and tributes from imperial officials on major calender occasions , a total of 25 imperial seals are stored there. in the hall, you will see a plaque with the handwritten inscription of “we wei,” exhorting taoist doctrines.

further northward is the palace of earthly tranquillity, which once served as the living room of the empresses` . the hall was later converted into a sacrificial place .through the windowpanes on the eastern wall you can see the royal bed decorated with dragon and phoenix designs. this hall has also served as the bridal chamber of monarchs.

the gate of earthly tranquilliity leads to the imperial garden (known to westerners as qianlong` s garden ),which was used by the emperor ,the empress, and the concubines. a magnificent structure stands in the middle. it is called the qin `s an (imperial peace) hall. it is the only building in the palace museum that was built in taoist style. it served as a shrine to the taoist deity. the garden covers a space of 12,000 square meters ,and is 130 meters from east to the west and some 90 meters from north to the south. there are a dozen halls, verandahs, pavilions and waterside houses in the garden . on each of the fur corner there is a pavilion dedicated to the four seasons which is different in construction style and shape. the garden also features an imperial landscape. with rare trees and exotic rockery, the imperial garden served as a model for china` s imperial parks .in all ,a total of 10-strong building styles were applied.

the tall building we are now passing is the gate of military prowess, the back door of the palace museum. our visit is now drawing to a conclusion but the architectures of the palace are not . on the other side of the road is the 43-meter-hign charcoal hill , providing natural protection for the forbidden city. this was also an embodiment of china` s construction style-putting a pool in the front and a hill in the rear. now let` s climb up to wanchun (everlasting springs ) pavillion where we` ll have a great view of the palace museum.

北京天安门英文导游词

Tian’anmen( the Gate of Heavenly Peace), is located in the center of Beijing. It was first built in 1417 and named Chengtianmen( the Gate of Heavenly Succession). At the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was seriously damaged by war. When it was rebuilt under the Qing in 1651, it was renamed Tian’anmen, and served as the main entrance to the Imperial City, the administrative and residential quarters for court officials and retainers. The southern sections of the Imperial City wall still stand on both sides of the Gate. The tower at the top of the gate is nine-room wide and five –room deep. According to the Book of Changes, the two numbers nine and five, when combined, symbolize the supreme status of a sovereign.

During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Tian’anmen was the place where state ceremonies took place. The most important one of them was the issuing of imperial edicts, which followed these steps:

1) The Minister of Rites would receive the edict in Taihedian( Hall of Supreme Harmony), where the Emperor was holding his court. The minister would then carry the decree on a yunpan( tray of cloud), and withdraw from the hall via Taihemen( Gate of supreme Harmony)

2) The Minister would put the tray in a miniature longting( dragon pavilion). Beneath a yellow umbrella and carry it via Wumen( Meridian Gate), to Tian’anmen Gate tower.

3) A courtier would be invested to proclaim the edict. The civil and military officials lining both sides of the gateway beneath the tower would prostrate themselves in the direction of the emperor in waiting for the decree to the proclaimed.

4) The courtier would then put the edict in a phoenix-shaped wooden box and lower it from the tower by means of a silk cord. The document would finally be carried in a similar tray of cloud under a yellow umbrella to the Ministry of Rites.

5) The edict, copied on yellow paper, would be made known to the whole country.

Such a process was historically recorded as “ Imperial Edict Issued by Golden Phoenix”.

During the Ming and Qing dynasties Tian’anmen was the most important passage. It was this gate that the Emperor and his retinue would go through on their way to the altars for ritual and religious activities.

On the Westside of Tian’anmen stands ZhongshanPark( Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Park), and on the east side, the Working People’s Cultural Palave. The Park was formerly called Shejitan( Altar of Land and Grain), built in 1420 for offering sacrificial items to the God of Land. It was opened to the public as a park in 1914 and its name was changed in 1928 to the present one in memory of the great pioneer of the Chinese Democratic Revolution.

The Working People’s Cultural Palace used to be Taimiao( the Supreme Ancestral Temple), where tablets of the deceased dynastic rulers were kept.

The stream in front of Tian’anmen is called Waijinshuihe( Outer Golden River),with seven marble bridges spanning over it . Of these seven bridges,historical records say the middle one was for the exclusive use of the emperor and was accordingly called Yuluqiao( Imperial Bridge). The bridges flanking it on either side were meant for the members of the royal family and were therefore called Wanggongqiao( Royal’s Bridges). Farther away on each side of the two were bridges for officials ranking above the third order and were named Pinjiqiao( ministerial Bridges). The remaining two bridges were for the use by the retinue below the third order and wre called Gongshengqiao( common Bridges). They anr the one in front of the Supreme Ancestral Temple to the east and the one in front of the Altar of land and Grain to the west.

The two stone lions by the Gate of Tian’anmen, one on each side were meant as sentries. They gaze toward the middle axis, guarding the emperor’s walkway. In front of the gate stands a pair of marble columns called Huabiao. They are elaborately cut in bas-relief following the pattern of a legendary dragon. Behind the gate stands another pair of similar columns. The story of Huabiao may be traced to a couple of sources. One of the versions accredits its invention to one of the Chinese sage kings named Yao, who was said to have set up a wooden pillar in order to allow the ordinary people to expose evil-doers, hence it was originally called a slander pillar. Later it ws reduced to a signpost, and now it serves as an ornament.

The beast sitting on the top of the column is called” hou”, a legendary animal, which is said to have been a watcher of an emperor’s behaviour. He was doing such duties as warning the emperor against staying too long outside the palace or indulging in pleasure and urging him to go to the people for their complaints or return in due time. Therefore, the two pairs of beasts were given the names” Wangjunhui”( Expecting the emperor’s coming back) and “ wangjunchu”( Expecting the emperor’s going out) respectinvely.

In the old days, Tian’anmen, as a part of the Imperial City, was meant for important occasions. The two rows of chaofang( antechamber), on the sides behind the main gate, wre reserved for civil and military members of the government waiting for imperial audience and in front of the gate, were offices of imperial administration.

On October 1, 1949, chairman Mao Zedong proclaimed on Tian’anmen Rostrum the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Since then Tian’anmen has been the symbol of New Chinea. Chairman Mao’s portrait is hung above the central entrance, flanked by two slogans:” Long Live the Great Unity of the Peoples of the World”. Today , the splendour of Tian’anmen attracts million of visitors from all over the world. The Rostrum on its top was opened in 1988 to the public for the first time in its history. It offers a panoramic view of the Square and the city proper.

Tian’anmen Square

Situated due south of Tian’anmen, the Square has an area of 44 hectares( 109 acres) that can accommodate as many as one million people for public gatherings. It has witnessed may historical events in China’s modern history and is a place for celebrations on such festive days as international Labour Day on May 1st and national Day on October 1st.

Around the Square are several famous buildings:

1 The Great Hall of the People

This is one of the largest congressional buildings in the world. Built in 1959, the hall consists of three parts: a 10,000-seat auditorium in the center, a banquet hall in the north wing facing Chang’an Street, with a seating capacity of 5,000, and offices for the Standing Committee of the National Peoples’ Congress of China in the south. In addition, thirty-four reception chambers are named after various provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly unde the Central Government, plus Hong Kong and Macao. Each is different from the other in decoration and furnishings to stress their local features.

2 The Museum of Chinese History and the Museum of the Chinese Revolution

These two museums were also built in 1959. the museum of Chinese History houses a permanent exhibition in four parts, covering the entire process of Chinese history spanning from 1.7 million years ago to 1919:

1) The Primitive Society( 1.7 million years ago to the 21st century BC);

2) The Slave Society(21st century BC to 476 BC.);

3) The Feudal Society(475 BC. To 1840 AD.);

4) The Semi-Colonial and Semi- Fedual Society(1840 to 1919.)

The Museum of the Chinese Revolution covers the period from 1919 to 1949.

3 The Monument to the People’s Heroes

the monument was built in memory of thousands of martyrs who died for the revolutionary cause of the Chinese people. Its construction began on August 1, 1952 and was not completed until 1958. in the form of an obelisk, the Monument as made of more than 17,000 pieces of tranite and white marble. The purple piece inlaid in the front of the Monument was brought from Qingdao, Shandong Province. It is 38 meters(124ft 8 in) high, the loftiest of its kind ever seen in the country. Not only is it an historic memorial for immortal heroes, but also it is an artistic work of excellent architectural value.

On the front side of the Monument is an engraved inscription in Chinese characters written by Chairman Mao Zedong, which reads” Eternal Glory to the People’s Heroes!”. On the back of the Monument is an article written by Chairman Mao, but in Chinese calligraphy by the late Premier Zhou Enlai.

At the top of the Monument are eight gigantic carved wreathes of such flowers as peony, lotus and chrysanthemum, symbolizing nobility, purity, and fortitude. At the base of the monument are eight marble reliefs depicting the Chinese historic events since 1840. They are:

1) The Burning of Opium in 1840:

2) The uprising of 1851 in Jintian, Guangxi;

3) The Revolution of 1911;

4) The May Fourth Movement of 1919;

5) The May 30th Movement of 1925;

6) The Uprising of 1927 in Nanchang, Jiangxi;

7) The War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression from 1937 to 1945;

8) The Victorious Crossing over the Yangtze River by the Peoples’s Liberation Army in 1949. This relief is flanked by two smaller ones—“ Supplying the Front” and “ Greeting the P.L.A.”.

4 Chairman Mao’s Mausoleum

Chairman Mao Zedong, the founder of the People’s Pepublic of China, passed away on Sepember 9, 1976. In commemoration of this great man, a mausoleum began to be constructed in November 1976, and was completes in August the following year. The Mausoleum was officially opened on September 9, 1977.

The mausoleum is surrounded by four groups of sculpture. East of the northern entrance is the sculpture depicting the period of the New Democratic Revolution( 1919-1949), and west of it is the one signifying the great achievements of the Chinese people during the period of slcialist revolution and construction since 1949. The sculptures in front of the southern gate are figures of workers, peasants soldiers, intellectuals, technicians and children.

Inside the Mausoleum are three main sections: A white marble statue of Chairman Mao is mounted on a platform in the front lobby. On the wall behind the statue is a 24-metre-long( 79-foot-long) tapestry, a fine needlepoint work with beautiful landscapes of the country.

In the main hall there is a crystal coffin, in which Chairman Mao’s body lies stately with the Communist Party’s flag covering over him.

On the wall of the southern lobby, a poem by Chairman Mao and in his own calligraphy is inscribed in gold inlay. It expresses his full great expectations for the country.

Tian’ anmen Square has now completed its renovation after eight months’ hard work to welcome the 50th anniversary of the People’s Republic in 1999.

河源苏家围英文导游词

The Sujiawei Hakka Village Tourism Zone is a must for tourists who are interested in the Hakka culture and customs.

Bordering Dongjiang River in the north and Jiushe River in the south, the village is located in the Heshui Township, 26km away from the city of Heyuan.

Today the village is described as a “picturesque village in south china”, featuring old trees and houses, wild lands, bamboos and fresh air. Also it has a profound cultural history and is said to be the habitat of descendants of Su Shi, who also known as Su Dongpo, a famous Chinese literate in Northern Song Dynasty. Hence All people living in the village now are surnamed “Su”.

It also provides some performances for travelers to get a better known of Hakka culture such as their wedding customs. You can take part in the producing lines of making bean curd, wine or oil; or enjoy yourself in activities like fishing, swimming and boating.

The first spot we encounter is the Yingqing Bridge, where has a panoramic view of Sujiawei. The bridge is a place to welcome all families, relatives and friends.

Here is purple perilla park. The purple perilla can be used as medicine to cure cold, or purple dye or cooking. The origin of this park is as follows: one day one of Su Shi’s offspring passed by this place, he dreamed five old men pointed a big tree and told him it is perilla tree. When he woke up, he found this place is full of perilla, and the environment is quite beautiful, so he thought the old men would like he move the Su clan here. So after he came back, he always mentioned this dream to his late generations. To fulfill his this dream, over 700 years ago, the Su clan moved here and Sujiawei started its story.

From this purple perilla park to Pool lips estate, is gallery of Hakka villages gender culture, which shows the Hakka people’s moral ideas and customs, they think everything has two opposite extremes like negative and positive. In Hakka dialect, have a boy baby is named “tian deng”, the same pronunciation as “add a lantern”. So in Chinese lantern festival, any family which has a new boy baby will hang a big lantern in their ancestors’ shrine.

Later we will visit Sugong Shrine Yongsi Hall, Guanghua hall, Su school and Yi Jiang temple. You may find the Hakka architecture is well preserved here. These ancient buildings are square flat houses with dark blue bricks and roof tiles that belong to the style of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The oldest house, Yongsi Hall, was built in 1481 in memory of Su Dongshan, the eighth-generation descendant of Su Dongpo and as a place for the villagers to worship their ancestors and discuss important affairs.

Now we walk along the Dongjiang river and enjoy the Hakka folk music. At the riverside you see bamboo everywhere. Su Dongpo loved bamboo, he once said “I can eat without meat, but I can not live without bamboo. No meat to eat only makes me thin; but live without bamboo makes me vulgar”!

Walking so long time, are you a bit tired and thirsty? Let’s go to Her Workshops to taste Hakka traditional snacks and tea. There are tea leaf, sesame, peanut, red jujube and longan in the tea. Do you taste them?

Ok, after a break, we go to experience traditional Hakka wedding performance. If you are lucky to be chosen and act as the bridegroom, you will be invited to the stage and join their show.

The village also preserves many slogans printed on the walls during 1950s to 1970s, which are silent witnesses to Chinese modern history.

Do you see the big bamboo hats holding by bamboo sticks in line? It is farm four seasons gallery. On the bamboo hats marked farming planting and harvesting dates and festivals.

Finally we have 15-minutes free activity in the countryside vegetable fields. You may like farmers to pick fruits, vegetables you like in the fields.

各位旅客：

大家好!欢迎来到我们北京长城，现在我来介绍一下长城的历史。

长城始建于春秋战国(公元前770——公元前476)时期，那时各诸侯国为了相互防御，都在自己境内险要的地方修长城。秦始皇统一中国以后，为防御北方匈奴的入侵，将各个诸侯国的长城连接起来，并将其延长。到了明代，又进行了大规模的修缮。长城东起山海关，西到嘉裕关，全长一万三千里，这就是举世闻名的万里长城，已列入了《世界遗产名录》。

我国古代的劳动人民在没有汽车、火车，没有起重机，全靠着他们无穷的智慧、拼搏的血汗、无数的肩膀和无数的手，才建成了世界上这气魄雄伟的大工程，这是多么伟大啊!在建造中，也牺牲了很多人，孟姜女哭长城就是一个例证。

八达岭长城是明长城中的杰出代表，因为这里四通八达，故成为八达岭。可能大家会问，为什么要讲长城修筑在这里?其实这主要是因为八达岭地区重要的地理位置。它不仅守卫着明皇陵，而且也是京师的西北大门。

八达岭长城是历史上许多重大事件的见证，例如萧太后巡幸，元太祖入关，慈禧太后西逃等等，八达岭都是毕竟之路。说到这里，还有一个故事要讲给大家：位于关城东门路旁，有一块巨石，传说在19__年八国联军攻入北京，慈禧在西逃的途中经过这里，曾经站在这块石头上回望京城，所以这块石头也就被叫做望京石。但现在这块石头已经不那么突出了。

现在，我们就站在八达岭长城上，请大家尽情观赏吧!请注意不要爬高，不要走得太远，不要在城墙上刻字，大家一起来保护长城!7点我们在来的地方汇合。

各位友人，一路辛劳了，我代表祖山森林公园全部员工欢送大家的光顾。

下面我为大家简略先容一下森林公园的概况：祖山是大概一亿年前燕山造山活动的花岗岩侵入体，经由屡次断袭和终年风化等地质进程，构成了地势峭拔的一座独破山体。因燕山东端、渤海以北诸山皆以此山分支盘拨，它如群山之祖，故名“祖山”。祖山位于秦皇岛市的西北部，青龙满族自治县东南境，东距秦皇岛50公里(指当初的北路)，西距青龙县城100公里。祖山总面积118平方公里，有五大景区：北龙潭景区、望海寺景区、响山景区、花果山景区跟背牛顶景区。做作景观100余处，是一处以奇险的山景和明秀的水景为主体特点的山岳型天然景致区。

北龙潭景区

我们现在来到的这个景区就是北龙潭景区，这里由绝壁、怪石、奇松、飞瀑组成。

龙潭飞瀑(站在关瀑台或倒挂松景点处)我们现在来到的这个地方就是北龙潭景区的龙潭飞瀑景点，这里有幻松、绝壁松、倒挂松和龙潭飞瀑。这个瀑布长年有水，落差60多米，颇有“飞流直下三千尺，疑是河汉落九天”的韵致。

幻松祖山不仅有那茫茫的林海，而且更有那巧妙的幻松。大家随我手指的方憧憬对面那座山看，在那座山顶上自然成长着六棵松树，顺着我们面前的这条步游路走下去，那么这六棵松树将按6、5、4、3的次序变更，大自然的数字游戏堪称世界一绝。

伯牙弹奏(站在看六颗松处)大家对深谷流水的故事可能十分熟习。据在，俞伯牙是战国时代一位琴师，他弹奏的曲子没有人能听懂，为此他感到很悲痛，于是到处浪荡，寻找知音。一天，他门路祖山，忽见这里美景，顿发弹奏之情，钟子期砍柴归来，耳闻琴韵，便驻足凝听，那婉转的琴声使子期随口道：“洋洋乎若水兮”。伯牙听到有人能听懂他弹奏的曲子，无比惊喜，随即又狂奏一曲，子期又道：“巍巍乎若高山兮”，伯牙听后为本人终能寻到知音冲动万分，便与子期结为知音，从此，子期每次砍柴，伯牙都扶琴相接，弹琴相送。若干年后，子期因病亡故，多少年当前伯牙携琴来看望子期，途中遇一老夫，伯牙便问：“老人家可相识子期?”白叟没有搭言，却落下两行泪水。伯牙觉得奇异，持续追问，才知老者便是子期的父亲，并得悉子期已经逝世，伯牙悲哀万分，并求老者带他到子期坟前跪拜，又最后弹奏了一曲。子期已故，伯牙失去知音，他回到他时常为子期弹奏的这里，摔琴于崖下(指瀑布下)，以谢子期。这就是伯牙摔琴谢子期的故事。琴弦变成了我们眼前的这六颗松树，琴韵化为这谷间飞瀑。

北天门现在我们来到的是北龙潭景区的一个景点北天门，大家望这里看，这是祖山的迎客松(指迎客松)，他固然小了点，但他代表着纯朴、热忱的青龙国民欢迎各位的光临，在迎客松后面的这块突兀的石柱叫无字碑，千百年来风吹雨打，但它初衷不改，操守如一，默默镂刻着世间的长短功过，诗人刘章游完此景做诗道：“祖山雄奇而有名，山花野草唤文宗。高碑无字云间立，留着诗家写不平”。

天桥山(介绍完迎客松，边走边说)我们眼前的这座山叫天桥山，古时这里不路，山民进山打柴、采药都是用石块插进石缝中形成悬空的石栈道，石栈道极高，极险，所以叫天桥，故名“天桥山”。后来，林场在1966年为了运木材开凿这个地道。

曲径通幽(走出洞口边走边说)这个景点是曲径通幽。这里的一些奇石都有些像西游记中的人物形象，所以就以西纪行中的人物命名。在这座山的外面有个唐曾盼徒，这里有悟空戏八戒、八戒寻兄、万卷经书岩等。大家请望这看(悟空戏八戒处)，这就是悟空戏八戒(指悟空石);大家回首望这里看(指天桥山的绝壁)，这就是奇松的代表――绝壁生松，看上去不大，却都有上百年的树龄了;这就是八戒寻兄(走道八戒岩处)相传唐僧师徒西天取经道路此地，饥渴难挨，唐僧便派大门徒悟空前去化斋，悟空许久未归，又派二徒弟八戒前去打探，八戒走到这里，忽闻武器相击之声，以为师兄又和哪路妖怪厮杀，吓得八戒不敢前行，看他那愁眉不展，憨态可掬的样子。其实，传来的声音是谷底惊涛拍岸，鹤唳风声。由于在祖山有九个瀑布，在这个景区就有7个，其中南龙潭就在这下面，落差70多米，前面这里又有三跳潭，到了雨季水声很大，所以八戒误认为是厮杀声)。悟空也并未走远，正在拿老猪开涮呢。诗人刘章观后有诗云：“天桥石板长青苔，鹤唳风声老猪哀。一个跟头十万里，猴哥何故不归来。”

万寿山(看完八戒岩，指对面万寿山)我们大家请往对面看，这座山叫万寿山，大家细心看山上的好多石头，都很象老寿星;这些老寿星都是来这追求万年灵芝，以求永生不老的。大家请看山顶拿块大石柱上面是不是有一棵万年灵芝啊，其实它是一株属龄逾百年的松树，它破石而生、抱崖而立。

望海寺景区

我们现在来到的这个地方是五大景区之一的望海寺景区，望海寺景区是祖山的核心景区，下山可观瀑布，上山可登主峰，西去可游花果山，东区可观画廊谷。

望海寺景区景点比拟集中，不必远行便可一览祖山众多景色，有仙女云床、秀才观榜、山字峰、醉卧刘伶、龟兔赛跑、窟窿山、神龟探海、蛟龙出水等奇石、形神兼备、惟妙惟肖。

仙女云床咱们现在来到的这个景点叫仙女云床。相传，七仙女常常来我们祖山的北龙潭瀑布洗澡，每次洗完澡后都来这里晒太阳，长此以往就留下了这样一个印迹。这只是一个传说，实在它是冰臼，据迷信家考据，在二三百万年前以前，这里曾是20_米左右厚的冰川，冰川内的高压融水高速旋转冲击作用，使岩石名义天然造成一个臼.状坑穴，它是两个冰臼连在一起的，称连体冰臼，在别的处所是很少见的，堪称世界异景。

各位游客：

你们好，欢迎你们来到邯郸旅游，我是你们的导游__。邯郸市是河北省最古老的城市，也是我国古代著名的城邑。早在20_多年前的春秋初期，就有邯郸的建制，当时邯郸已是一个人口聚居的城市。战国时作为赵国都城历经158年，秦统一后分别设邯郸县、邯郸郡。当时的邯郸经济昌盛、繁荣发达，与长安、洛阳、开封、成都同称五大都城。

邯郸市的自然环境得天独厚，西倚太行山，东临滏阳河，地势西北高、东南低，中部丘陵起伏，盆地交错;并有牤牛河、沁河、渚河、输元河流经市区(皆属滏阳河支流)，丰富的水利资源为农业生产提供了优良的条件。

独特的自然环境和悠久的历史，使邯郸市拥有丰富的文化遗产和优美的自然景观。磁山文化遗址，这是我国新石器早期文化遗址之一，距今已有7500多年的历史;始建于北齐，并保存了自北齐至元、明各代大小造像4300余尊的南北响堂山石窟;赵国宫城赵王城遗址;传为赵王观看军事操练之处的武灵丛台，这里亭榭台阁，风格古朴，现已辟为公园;还有一处重要的革命纪念地晋冀鲁豫烈士陵园，陵园内安葬着为国捐躯的100多位革命烈士;此外还有照眉池、回车巷、京娘湖等游览胜地。

梦城、赵苑、古赵一条街仿古建筑群工程，将向游人展示古建艺术的风采。在漫长的文化发展过程中，邯郸成为了一个成语之乡，许多历史典故诸如邯郸学步、黄梁美梦、胡服骑射、毛遂自荐等都发生在这里。在《史记》中还记载有蔺相如、廉颇完璧归赵、渑池相会、将相和等故事。

邯郸有成语典故之乡的美誉，其名就是一些成语的组成部分，如邯郸学步、鲁酒薄而邯郸围。除外还有包含邯郸意思的一类，如围魏救赵、完璧归赵。有人作过不完全统计，产生于邯郸的成语多达50多个，加上与之相关的则达到上百。

产生在邯郸的成语典故有的至今仍有遗迹可寻，如旧城南街的回车巷，传说是赵国上相蔺相如回避大将军廉颇的地方。从史书对两人的记载中产生的典故还有怒发冲冠、两虎相斗、负荆请罪、刎颈之交、价值连城等。今邯郸市区西南的赵王城遗址曾是赵国的王城，从兴建到焚毁的158年间，见证赵国的盛衰荣辱，上演过一幕幕内政外交的活剧，从中也留下了不少成语典故。如那篇《触龙说赵太后》产生的成语是盛气凌人、舍本求末。

金茂大厦共88层，高420.5米，单体建筑面积达29万平方米，是中国传统建筑风格与世界高新技术的完美结合。

金茂大厦1-2层为宽敞明亮、气势宏伟的门厅大堂;3-50层是层高4米，净高2.7米的大空间无柱办公区;51-52层为机电设备层;53-87层为世界上最高的超豪华五星级酒店--金茂君悦大酒店，特别是高152米，直径27米的酒店中庭，28道环廊在霓红灯的照射下光彩迷人，仿佛置身在时空隧道;设在88层的观光大厅，建筑面积1520平方米，是目前国内最高最大的观光厅，荣膺上海大世界吉尼斯纪录;另外还有一个与大厦相连的裙房，是为商务办公服务的配套设施、名品区和娱乐场所。

金茂大厦集中体现了当代建筑科技的最高水准。大厦选用最先进的玻璃幕墙，对幕墙框架作了鳞化处理，基本消除了光污染;大厦的消防安全和生命保障系统实现创新思路，改他救模式为自救模式;大厦电梯特有的候梯不超过35秒、直达办公楼层、空中对接功能等是最优秀的垂直运输系统;大厦的智能化系统，统管所有功能和区域，信息高速公路接通到每张办公桌和每间客房。大厦所有功能设备都具有先进性和超前性，成为世界建筑史上的一座丰碑。

金茂大厦88层观光厅

全国首批4A旅游景点金茂大厦88层观光厅，面积为1520平方米，高度340.1米，是目前国内最高最大的观光厅，荣膺上海大世界基尼斯之最。两台每秒运行9.1米的垂直升降电梯，一次可乘载33位旅客，只需45秒钟可将游客从地下一层直送88层。登高远眺，大上海的景观尽收眼底，浦江两岸高楼林立，黄浦江上百舸争流，您可亲身体验"落霞与孤骛齐飞，秋水共长天一色"的美景。赏完外景，您还可以从上往下观赏世界举世无双的酒店中庭，它直径27米，28道环廊扶手在霓虹灯的照射下，金光闪闪。一道道环廊如同一排排画廊，美不胜收。此情此景，无不激动人心，您会不由自主地拿起照相机留下永恒的纪念。金茂大厦无与伦比的酒店中庭被建筑师、科学家、文学家誉为“共享空间”、“金色的年轮”、“时空隧道”。

在88层观光厅看夜景更是一种享受，被誉为万国建筑博览会的外滩流光溢彩，美不胜收。远处高架道路和大桥上的灯火似彩练环绕，与星月争辉。此情此景令您犹如置身蓬莱仙境。

为方便游客，观光厅进出口处的地下一层设有食府，提供不同风味、价廉物美的快餐小吃。在裙房的三至六层有不锈钢盘旋梯、玻璃地面的天桥和悬空的九曲桥。您可以在那里欣赏风格独特、构思大胆的建筑艺术，还可以参观展览，选购纪念品，享受多种服务。

金茂购物中心位于大厦裙房的3-6层，商场总建筑面积为15664平方米。中心内部设计别具匠心，完美体现了给人以充足空间的购物理念。平均宽度达5米的主通道选用进口地板铺就而成，光洁照人。由特殊玻璃地砖拼设的空中走廊及螺旋扶梯巧夺天工;气势宏伟的商场中庭结合大跨径玻璃穹顶的自然采光赋予了整个共享空间造型的前卫时尚。

购物中心采用以高强度不锈钢及落地式玻璃分隔组成的开放式商铺，极具视觉穿透力。16组自动扶梯构筑了顺畅便捷的内部交通网络，配合先进的照明、空调及安全设施，置身其中领略豪华惬意的购物享受。

太原作为一座省会城市，这里积淀了丰富的文化遗产，如“晋祠”园林，称得上是华夏文化的一颗璀璨明珠;建于明代的永祚寺，“凌霄双塔”是我国双塔建筑的杰出代表;龙山石窟是我国最大的道教石窟，被专家传为世界之最。

晋祠在我市西南25公里，悬瓮山下晋水发源处。始建于北魏，为纪念周武王次子叔虞而建。晋祠是具几十座古建筑的中国古典园林游览胜地。环境幽雅舒适，风景优美秀丽，素以雄伟的建筑群、高超的塑像艺术闻名于世。在景区构成的诸多元素中，优美的天然景色和多种人文景观，无不张扬着灿烂中华历史文化的魅力。

而晋祠的水，则是其中的瑰宝，是晋祠的灵魂。晋祠的水，多、清、静、柔。浅池深潭星罗棋布，沟渠小溪随处可见。信步而行，或越小桥，或穿阁榭，或暂坐小亭，地上水流潺潺，令人心旷神怡，如醉如痴。晋水主要源头由此流出，常年不息，水温17度，清澈见底。

晋祠最著名的建筑为圣母殿，创建于宋代天圣年间(公元1023—1032年)。圣母殿原名“女郎祠”，殿堂宽大疏朗，存有宋代精美彩塑侍女像43尊，这些彩塑神态庄严，雍容华贵，凤冠霞披，是一尊宫廷统治者形象。塑像形象逼真，造型生动，情态各异，是研究宋代雕塑艺术和服饰的珍贵资料。

此外，祠内还有著名的周柏、隋槐，周柏位于圣母殿左侧，隋槐在关帝庙内，老枝纵横，至今生机勃勃、郁郁苍苍，与长流不息的难老泉和精美的宋塑侍女像被誉为“晋祠三绝”。

今天，邢老师对我们说了一个好消息，春游的时候，我们可以一起去西双版纳游玩啦!

到了春游的时候了，我、宇曦、嘉璐和艺筱坐着船，冒着蒙蒙细雨来到了迷人的西双版纳，一路上，我们说说笑笑的，一起想像西双版纳是什么样了，正当我们讨论的热火朝天的时候，营地到了，我们下了车，一起齐心协力的搭帐篷，热的我们满头大汗。搭完帐篷以后，我们就放下行李，去丛林探秘了。

走着走着，天上忽然下起了倾盆大雨，于是，我急忙跑到有海芋叶的地方，用小刀割下了几片宽大的海芋叶，递给了她们。我们头顶着宽大的海芋叶，走在神秘的热带雨林中。忽然，我看见了许许多多的小懒猴，它们一个个紧紧的抱着树干，好像树干就是它们的妈妈呢!我连忙招呼她们过来，我们都很喜欢它们，便和它们找了几张相。然后给了它们一点食物，便继续去寻找小动物了。

我们继续往前走，走了一会，雨停了，天边露出了绚丽的彩虹，我用万能测试器一看，彩虹的另一端便是我们的学校呢!我们已经玩的筋疲力尽了，于是，村子里的村民们邀请我们去参加它们的泼水节，我们一听，高兴地不得了，一下子就变的活泼乱跳，高高兴兴的跟着他们去参加泼水节了。

跳完舞以后，我们早已经满头大汗，于是，我们向村民们借了几把斧头，用力砍下周围的扁担藤，喝下了那清甜可口的水。喝完一看，呀!扁担藤的水还在源源不断的流着呢，我们急忙拿来水杯，把水杯接满了。我们向村民们道了谢，就来到了另一个令人神往的地方。

我们走到了丛林里，看见了许许多多的长臂猿，我往树上一看，高高的望天树上住着长臂猿一家呢!我向它们问好，它们也向我们招手，我们高兴极了，继续向前走。

就在这时，嘉璐和艺筱看见了几只黑灵猫，它们在快乐的嬉戏，我想：它们有可能也是像我们一样的小姑娘呢!我们拿出背包里的蝴蝶结，给它们整齐的带好。它们笑了，喵喵的对我们道谢。

走到丛林深处，我们看见了一只可爱的小老虎，它看起来很虚弱，软绵绵的，于是，我们就给了它一点肉吃。然后，就悄悄的走了。为的是不打扰它。

上飞机了，坐在飞机上的我们还在想：西双版纳真是个仙境，我们一定要继续保护这里的生机，好让这里的动植物存活下来。

这次旅游真快乐!

杜甫当年营建草堂，为美化环境，曾在堂前屋后遍植花果树木。据其诗中名句“花径不曾缘客扫”(《客至》)推想，其时定有一条两旁栽满花木的小路通向杜甫所居的草堂，此路即被诗人称为花径。今天草堂的柴门之东，有一为竹、树掩映红墙相夹的幽径被命名为花径。花径与毗邻的草堂寺相通，人们如从今天的杜甫草堂博物馆南大门进入，游览草堂寺后，可经此径西行到达草堂。

在花径的东端入口，上挂一匾，匾上有著名书法家沈尹默先生所书“花径”。而门楹两旁，有郭沫若先生撰书的对联：“花学红绸舞，径开锦里春”。此联巧妙地将花径二字分别嵌入联首。上联意指草堂内迎风摇曳的似锦繁花，有如人们在欢跳红绸舞，下联则谓此花径可通向春色满园的草堂。

一进花径，映入眼帘的便是正面影壁上用青花碎瓷镶嵌的“草堂”二大字。清光绪三十四年(1908)，四川劝业道道尹周善培曾在草堂寺通草堂内墙上大书“草堂”二字，以碎瓷砌就，但以后被毁。今花径照壁上所嵌“草堂”二字，为其弟周竺君所书。作为草堂的标志之一，此处被称为“草堂影壁”，来往游人常在这里摄影留念。

漫步花径，其右侧有盆景园、浣花祠两景点。盆景园里有多姿多彩的盆景花卉供人观赏，浣花祠内有雕塑家赵树同先生一九八二年精心雕塑的浣花夫人像供人瞻仰。至花径西端道口，亦悬一匾，上有书法家、画家冯建吴先生所书“花径”。其门两旁楹柱上挂有明人何宇度所撰的对联：“背郭堂成，锦里溪山千古在;缘江路熟，青郊草木四时新。”此联上下联的起句均用杜甫诗句。上联意指杜甫营建的草堂与锦城的山山水水仍千载同存，下联则说沿着杜甫当年常走的江边小路来游草堂，举目四望，郊野的景物清秀，花草树木季季常新。

各位游客：

你们好，欢迎你们来到成都旅游，我是你们的导游__。

成都大熊猫繁育基地现建有齐全的各种齐全的各种大熊猫繁育所必须的设施，有兽舍、饲料室、医疗站、大熊猫纪念馆和实验楼，还种有大熊猫食用的上万丛竹子和灌木。

成都熊猫基地最重要的教育功能是：让公众了解濒危物种的状况、自然栖息地保护的必要性、人类的保护行为、圈养种群的基本需求以及人类与非人类动物互动交流的乐趣等。

成都熊猫基地是国家授予的“国家科普教育基地”。我们是中国第一个拥有专门保护教育部门和专业、专职教育工作者的濒危动物保护机构，定期开展保护项目。我们是中国首家与外国就地保护教育专家合作，并在城市和边远农村开展保护教育的机构。我们已经设计了针对大学、中学和小学的保护教育教程，设立了年轻动物学家、志愿者、教师研讨班和季节性露营等保护教育项目，以帮助更多人了解并保护大熊猫及其它野生动物。

成都熊猫基地着重于推进中国野生动物保护的研究。大熊猫是最主要研究的目标物种之一，其它物种还包括华南虎、小熊猫及金丝猴等。研究领域包括繁殖、营养、兽医及行为学等。在这些领域取得的进展使我们能够为圈养物种提供最好的保护。此外，相关迁地保护和就地保护研究成果同样可用于促进野生和圈养大熊猫种群的管理。

一进去，我看到里面没有多少人，那我就放心了，因为没有人挤着排队了。我和爸爸妈妈跑着到了很多的地方，我印象最深的就是亚成年大熊猫别墅和熊猫幼稚园了!

亚成年大熊猫别墅里有一只非常可爱的熊猫，它趴在树杈上睡觉，过个5分钟就醒来，扭动一下它胖胖的身体，接着又沉沉的睡去。在另一面，又有着几个可爱的熊猫，一只熊猫它的嘴里叼着竹子一边慢慢的往上爬，每次不是竹子掉下去，就是他差点掉下去，他每次的失败，让我们大家都为它着急，对它大声喊着：“加油、加油、加油。”另外两只熊猫在用竹子搭成的平台上打闹、嬉戏。那只叼竹子向上爬的熊猫放弃了拖竹子，而是跑到两只正在睡觉的熊猫身上，试图把他们叫醒，这几只熊猫是多么的可爱呀!我们又奔波到熊猫幼稚园，有一只熊猫坐在草地上吃竹子，另一只熊猫向它走来，好像在说：“你怎么吃得那么香，莫非你的竹子好吃，我也要尝一尝。”

那只熊猫走到吃竹子的熊猫旁边开始抢了起来，结果被那只大一点的熊猫抢去了，他走到旁边津津有味的吃起来，自言自语地说：“这竹子可真好吃。”它们吃完之后，便爬到了里面，他们又拿了一只竹子在那里抢，但是这回不是他们两个抢了，而是一大堆的熊猫来抢，他们像拔河一样抢来抢去，他们的爪子就像我们的手一样，灵活极了竹子脱离一只熊猫的手的话，他会再次扑上去，他们是在没有办法，只好每人都分一点吃了。

熊猫真是可爱，他们用一个词形容就是憨态可掬，用一个字形容就是“懒”，但是我唯一的遗憾就是没有看到刚生下来的熊猫幼崽。

成都有许多好玩的地方，其中成都熊猫基地最好玩。

来到熊猫基地，我看见有的熊猫在睡觉，有的躺在草地上吃竹子，还有的熊猫在晒太阳，它们的样子憨态可掬，引得一旁观看的小朋友哈哈大笑。

中午，太阳暖洋洋的，大多数熊猫都在睡觉。熊猫睡觉的姿势各异，有的腹部朝天。用一另手挡住眼睛;有的趴在一角，一动不动;还有的竟然睡在了秋千上，我想：“它一定是玩累了就睡着了”哈哈，真可爱!你看，那只熊猫醒了，它用爪前轻轻地拍拍肚子，然后两腿一蹬，翻了个身起来，用爪揉了揉眼睛，好奇地望着人们，接着它迈着步子走到了草地的另一边，开始吃起竹子来，只见它一边吃竹子，一边直着身子盘脚而坐。这只熊猫可聪明了!它先用牙齿把竹子坚硬的外皮咬掉，再吃里面又香又嫩的竹子芯，看!它“嘎吱，嘎吱”吃得可真香啊!

九华山在安徽省南部，是佛教胜地，历史悠久，远近闻名，一年四季景色万千，美丽极了!

春天，九华山东树木，抽出新的枝条，长出嫩绿的叶子。春暖花开，遍地的映山红在春风里翩翩起舞，成群结对的猴子在碧绿的树丛中欢快地蹦来蹦去，这时候春天显得更活泼，更生机。

夏天，九华山的树木长得葱葱茏笼的，密密层层的枝叶把树林封得严严实实，挡住了人们的视线，成为了人们的避暑场所。小溪是孩子们的天下，在炎热的夏天，他们在那里打水仗，欢歌笑语，开心极了。

秋天，各种各样的树叶飘下来，像一只只蝴蝶一样飞舞。这时候，松树显得更骄傲了，唯独它更苍翠。那里的桂花，香气扑鼻，整个九华山被香气包围着，真让人陶醉。

冬天，雪花飘飘，山上都覆盖了一层层的白雪，像一张雪白的大地毯。山上的雪又松又软，远远看“天然睡佛“：头枕天台群峰，面向天空，睫毛可见，鼻梁高耸，整个面部和蔼可亲。当所有的人在冬天看天然睡佛时，心里就会充满了阵阵温暖，冬天不再那么冷了!

九华山一年四季景色迷人，是个游玩的好地方。我爱九华山!

滕王阁，江南三大名楼之一。位于中国江西省南昌市赣江畔。屡毁屡建，今日之滕王阁为1989年重建，与古貌相比更为气派。

滕王阁座落于南昌市西北，赣江东岸。始建于唐永徽四年。为当时任洪州都督的唐高祖李渊之子李元婴所建。据记载，李元婴于永徽三年迁任苏州刺史，调任洪州都督时建此阁以为别居。由于李元婴封号为“滕王”，故名滕王阁。20多年后，当时的洪州都督阎公首次重修。竣工后，阎公聚集文人雅士作文记事，途经于此的王勃就是于此时写下了其代表名篇《滕王阁序》。并由此令滕王阁名扬四海。韩愈在《新修滕王阁记》中赞道：“愈少时则闻江南多临观之美，而滕王阁独为第一，有‘瑰伟绝特’之称。”清代诗人尚镕《忆滕王阁》诗云：“天下好山水，必有楼台收。山水与楼台，又须文字留。”

后来历经宋、元、明、清，滕王阁历次兴废，先后修葺达28次之多，唐代五次、宋代1次、元代2次、明代7次、清代13次，建筑规制也多有变化。上元二年(675年)洪州都督阎公重修此阁，王勃写成《秋日登洪府滕王阁饯别序》;贞元六年(790年)和元和十五年(820xx年)，御史中丞洪都观察使王仲舒两次重修，韩愈为之作《重修滕王阁记》。宣宗大中二年(848年)夏，滕王阁毁于大火，江西观察使纥干于次日在原址上重建，同年八月竣工。宋朝大观二年(1120xx年)，江西洪州知府范坦重建滕王阁，丞相范致虚为之作《重建滕王阁记》曰：阁“崇三十有八尺，广旧基四十尺，增高十之一。南北因城以为庑，夹以二亭：南溯大江之雄曰‘压江’，北擅西山之秀曰‘挹翠’。”元代姚遂《新修滕王阁记》称宋阁“其基城为阁……大抵非唐屋矣”

元代滕王阁几经战乱而破败不堪，至元三十一年(1294年)，第一次重修滕王阁，阁高五丈六尺。元统二年(1334年)江南行台御史大夫塔夫帖木儿游登滕王阁，下令重修，第二年七月竣工。明代洪武初年(1368年)朱元璋击败陈友谅，在滕王阁上大宴文武群臣，正统初年，江西布政使吴润重建，改阁名“迎恩馆”。景泰三年(1452年)，都御史韩雍巡抚江西，重建之，“堂高逾二十尺，而楼又逾其半，宏深富丽，……”;成化二年(1466年)，布政使翁世资重建“西江第一楼”，同年十月落成，工部尚书谢一夔作《重修滕王阁记》。正德十四年(1520xx年)滕王阁亦毁于宁王朱宸濠兵乱。嘉靖五年(1520xx年)，都御史陈洪谟重建，次年二月落成，吏部尚书罗钦顺撰《重建滕王阁记》曰：“阁凡七间，高四十有二尺，视旧有加。”;万历二十七年(1599年)，江西巡抚王佐重修。万历四十四年(1620xx年)又一次毁于火，江西左布政使王在晋、大中丞王佐发起募资重建，再由王在晋撰《重建滕王阁碑记》，捐款人“皆得列名于右”。崇祯六年(1633年)江西巡抚解石帆捐款重修滕王阁，由邹维琏撰《重造滕王阁记》。

清代顺治五年(1648年)清军围攻南昌，滕王阁付之一炬，十一年(1654年)，由巡抚蔡士英重建，康熙十八年(1679年)，滕王阁毁于大火，由安世鼎重建之;康熙二十四年(1685年)，阁又遭火焚，由中丞宋荦重建。康熙四十一年(1720xx年)，阁又大火，江西巡抚张志栋重建滕王阁落成，立即飞奏朝廷，康熙大喜，亲书董其昌之《滕王阁序》以赠。康熙四十五年(1720xx年)又被大火烧毁，惟“御碑亭”幸存，巡抚郎廷极随即重建。雍正九年(1731年)阁毁于火，乾隆元年(1736年)，由江西总督赵-、巡抚俞兆岳重建。乾隆五十四年(1789年)江西巡抚何裕成重建;嘉庆年间，滕王阁年久失修，江西巡抚秦承恩、江西巡抚先福先后重修。道光二十七年(1847年)，阁遭火毁，不久修复;道光二十八年，阁又遭火毁，江西巡抚傅绳勋重建。咸丰三年(1853年)四月，太平天国翼王石达开奉命出镇安庆，赖汉英、胡以晃率军进攻南昌，围城三月，清军方面由安徽巡抚江忠源稳守南昌，把总李光宽被太平军乱枪轰毙，滕王阁烧成为一片灰烬。同治十一年(1872年)，江西巡抚刘坤一主持集资重建。光绪末年(1920xx年)，阁又遭火焚，于宣统元年(1920xx年)重建，此时清廷内外交困，民穷财尽，修阁规模大不如前。1920xx年滕王阁再度毁于军阀混战，赣军师长岳思寅下令火烧南昌城外，大火延烧三日，街巷尽成焦土。1920xx年纵火者张风歧、岳思寅等被处以死刑。此后50多年里一直没有重修。

现在的滕王阁是1985年按照梁思成绘制的《重建滕王阁计划草图》重建，于1989年10月8日建成。成为南昌市的标志性建筑之一。新楼为仿宋朝木结构样式，净高57.5米，共九层，采用宋朝楼阁“明三暗七”格式。其中明层皆有回廊可俯瞰赣江景色。楼体为钢筋混凝土建成，南北有回廊连接着“压江”、“挹翠”两个辅亭。建筑面积13000多平方米。

滕王阁主体下部为象征古城墙的高台阁座，高12米。主楼入口处为毛泽东书“落霞与孤鹜齐飞，秋水共长天一色”的不锈钢楹联。西大厅内有铜制1:25的滕王阁模型。二楼有一副长卷丙烯壁画《人杰图──江西历代名图卷》，描绘了历史上自先秦至清朝末年的八十位江西籍名人如陶渊明、徐孺子、曾巩、欧阳修、王安石、汤显祖等。画高2.55米，长43.9米。

Dear friends: Good morning, welcome to Zhengding, Hebei Province! You aretired from your journey. I hope the warm sun in winter can drive away the dustand fatigue along the way, Im your tour guide, LV Xiang. I hope I can lead youto soar in the happiness that tourism brings us. Next, Id like to introduce amember of our car who is impolite, because he always faces you with his back. Heis our driver, Master Li. In fact, Master Li is recognized as a driver in ourtourism industry. His steadiness is not only his character Although his car is abit heavy, its still very stable. You will really feel safe and comfortable inhis car. Well, we will arrive at our destination in about 20 minutes. Letsenjoy the scenery outside the window and have a rest!

Today, I have the honor to show you the Longxing Temple, a key culturalrelic protection unit in China. Longxing Temple is one of the famous temples inChina, known as the four treasures of North China. It was built in the sixthyear of kaihuang in Sui Dynasty, and now has a history of more than 1400 years.In fact, the name of Longxing Temple at the beginning of the Song Dynasty was"longzang Temple", that is, longzang with hidden dragon and crouching tiger. Inthe early Song Dynasty, the Tibetan character was changed to Xingxing, and itwas changed to Longxing Temple in the 49th year of Kangxi. From the name, we canalso think of how prosperous our Longxing Temple was in the past dynasties.

Longxing Temple, with Dabei Pavilion as the main body, is a large-scalearchitectural complex in Song Dynasty. The existing area of the temple is 82500square meters. The main buildings are distributed on the North-South centralaxis and its two sides. The whole building complex is high and low, and theprimary and secondary are distinct. It is an important example to study thearchitectural layout of Buddhist temples in the Song Dynasty. After so manyintroductions, you must have a strong interest in this religious complex withthousands of history. Now please follow me to see its mysterious face!

There are six cultural relics in Longxing Temple, which can be regarded asthe best in China. They pass through the Tianwang hall and Dajue Liushi hall.Now in front of you, this magnificent hall is the only one in China that we aregoing to visit today: mani hall. Mani hall was built in the fourth year ofemperor you of Northern Song Dynasty, covering an area of 1400 square meters. Asyou can see, its layout is very unique. The center of the main hall is theXieshan peak with double eaves. In the center of the four sides of the squarehall, there is a mountain flower in each side. The Xieshan Baoxia in front of itmakes the whole building plane form a cross shape.

From the outside, we can see that the whole hall overlaps magnificently andis full of changes, which is the only existing example of Song Dynastyarchitecture in China. If you look at it again, the brackets under the eaves ofthe hall are large, the distribution is sparse, the columns are thick, and thereare obvious rolling brake side corners and rising, which are consistent with theSong Dynastys "building French style". Liang Sicheng, an expert on ancientarchitecture in China, praised the empress of Mani hall. He said that this kindof layout was only seen in Song Dynasty paintings except the turret of theForbidden City in Beijing. Do you have the feeling of crossing time and space tobe in Song Dynasty paintings now? Lets get out of the association quickly.After appreciating the general architecture of this painting from theappearance, lets go in and enjoy it more beautiful Lets go!

Please note that next, Id like to introduce the second one of LongxingTemple, the Chinese beauty of inverted Guanyin. Please look at the colorful claysculpture hanging mountain on the north wall of the inner trough of Mani hall.There are more than 30 existing statues in the hanging mountain, but thestriking one is the colorful Guanyin Bodhisattva in the middle, commonly knownas "inverted Guanyin". Because Guanyin Bodhisattva has the oath of "all livingbeings will never be able to reach the end of universal salvation, and allliving beings will never reach the end of universal salvation", it forms theimage of inverted sitting Guanyin. The statue of Avalokitesvara is 3.4 metershigh. Please look at the eyes with deep wisdom overlooking us. Do you feelshocked? In fact, what is beautiful about her is not only her elegant posture,beautiful face, but also her broad mind and her touching compassion.

Through the archway and the altar, we can see that there are two typicaltwo-story Pavilion style buildings in the Northern Song Dynasty on both sides ofthe central axis. They are zhuanlunzang Pavilion and Cihua Pavilion.

The zhuanlunzang pavilion was built in the Northern Song Dynasty. Thediameter of the zhuanlunzang Pavilion in front of us is 7 meters. It is dividedinto three parts: the Tibetan seat, the Tibetan body and the Tibetan roof. A10.8-meter wooden shaft runs up and down in the middle. You will be interestedto ask what is the use of such a special magic weapon? According to historicalrecords, zhuanlunzang was created for the convenience of illiterate or nonliterate believers in the southern Liang Dynasty. The believers have the samemerit in pushing the wheel for a week as in reading the Scriptures once.Although it has been thousands of years, it only needs two or three people tomake it rotate slowly. Isnt it amazing? As a special form of magic weapon, ithas a history of more than 1400 years since it came into being. However, due tonatural and man-made reasons, there are few existing objects in China. Amongthem, lunzang in Longxing Temple is one of the oldest and most precious Thehistorical remains of the world.

As we all know, in the history of Chinese calligraphy, the Sui Dynasty wasa transitional period from Hanli to Tangkai. The longzangsi stele that I want tointroduce now is the representative work of this period. Its font is dull andbroad, clumsy but elegant, solemn but not dull. It can be said that it is astandard regular script and precious material for studying the history ofChinese calligraphy. Kang Youwei, a famous scholar in modern times, also calledthis stele "Sui stele", and later generations even called it "ancestor ofregular script". Please enjoy it!

What we are seeing now is the Dabei Pavilion, the main building of LongxingTemple. Entering it, we will see a 21.3-meter-high bronze cast iron Guanyin,which was cast in the fourth year of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty. It has42 arms. Besides its two eyes, it has 20 hands on the left and right sides ofits body, holding different magic weapons. Each hand has one eye, which becomes40 hands and 40 eyes. It is said that each hand eye has 25 kinds of mana, and 40hands and 25 eyes become thousands of hands and thousands of eyes. Therefore,this Avalokitesvara is also known as "Avalokitesvara with thousands of hands andeyes". It is worth mentioning that as early as more than 1000 years ago,Longxing Temple was naturally called the "Great Buddha Temple" because of itsexistence. It was only by hand that such a large bronze Buddha was made withoutmechanization, which created a miracle in the history of metallurgy and foundryin the world.

Later we came to the Pilu hall, where a bronze statue of Pilu Buddha wasworshipped in the middle. "Pilu" is the Sanskrit abbreviation of "piluzana",which means "light shines everywhere". Pilu Buddha is Sakyamunis Dharma Buddha.This Pilu Buddha is 6.72 meters high. There is a small Buddha on the Chiba lotuspetals of the three-layer lotus seat, forming a pattern of "Thousand Buddhascircling Pilu". There are also three layers of four Buddhas, a total of 12. EachPilu Buddha wears a five Buddha crown. There are 1072 large and small Buddhastatues on the whole Buddha statue, which has a high historical, scientific andartistic value. It is an isolated case at home and abroad.

The happy time always passed quickly. Our tour was coming to an end. If youhave any opinions and suggestions on me, you must tell me so that I can improveand make better progress. Thank you!

大家好!我就是本次“敦煌之游”的导游，我姓肖，大家叫我肖导好了。今天，我就带大家游览誉满世界的敦煌莫高窟.我国三大石窟中，莫高窟是开凿最早，延续时间最长，规模最大，内容最丰富的石窟群。在世界文化史上也具有珍贵的价值。有“人类文化珍藏”、“形象历史博物馆”、“世界画廊”之称。

现在我进入洞窟参观，首先我们去参观有名有“藏经洞”。这个洞窟位于系统工程号洞窟甬道的北侧，编号为17窟，洞窟原是晚唐时期河西都僧统洪的“影窟”，有碑文载这一事实。1920_年5月的一天，管理莫高窟的道士王圆录在一个偶然的机会，打开了秘百多年的“藏经洞”，这些珍贵无比的文物终于重见天日了，但是清王朝的腐败加之王圆录的愚昧，使这些珍贵的文物遭到了帝国主义分子的肆无忌惮的掠夺和盗劫。1920_年沙皇俄国的奥勃鲁切夫来到莫高窟，以六包日用品为诱饵，骗取了一批文物。1920_年，英国人斯坦因，仅用数十块马蹄银，劫取了约一万多卷，同时还有佛教绣品和佛画五百多幅，现藏于大英博物馆;1908年法国人伯希和盗走文物六千多卷，现在藏于巴黎法国国立图书馆和吉美博物馆。1920_年10月日本大谷光瑞探险队的吉川小一郎和桔瑞超盗走约九百余卷。直到1920_年清政府才将被劫余的文物运往北京，收藏在北京图书馆。在运输途中及运到北京后不少文物被偷、损坏、遗失，是中国考古史上一次难以估量的损失。“藏经洞”发现的这些文书内容包括宗教经典和多种文字写的世欲文书，它涉及到许多学科，是研究古代宗教、政治、经济、军事、文化的重要资料，经过国内外学者几十年的研究、开拓出一门全新热门的学科--敦煌学。

那么藏经洞是什么时候、为何密封的呢?一说是：十一世纪初，西夏侵入敦敦煌时为了保护经典而藏;一说是：不用但又不能丢弃的神圣经典存放;再一说是：为了防止伊斯兰教徒破坏而藏。后来收藏了这些经典的僧侣，逃的逃了，还俗的还俗了，死的死了。直到本世纪初发现这个洞窟为止，再没有人知道这件事。

下面我带大家去参观328窟，这个洞窟的精彩所在为塑像，在进入洞窟前，就彩塑的大致情况给大家介绍一下。莫高窟的彩塑有圆塑、浮塑、影塑等几种形式。小的不足盈寸，最大的高34.5米，是世界第四大佛。一般的塑像都是用木头搭架，上面缠上麦秆、谷草、芦苇、麻丝等，然后用特制的粘涂塑，整形雕刻，最后上彩绘画的。塑像主要有四大类：(1)佛像，包括释迦、弥勒、药师、阿弥陀以及三世佛、七世佛;(2)菩萨像，包括观音、文殊、普贤及供养菩萨等;(3)弟子像，包括迦叶、阿难;(4)尊神像，包括天王、力士、罗汉等，另外还有一些鬼神、神兽等动物塑像。由于制作年代不同，风格也截然不同，尤其是魏晋南北朝时期的“秀骨清像”、“曹衣出水”和唐代的“吴带当风”等风格，充分地体现了当时的艺术巨匠超凡的想象和高超的思维。

塑像是石窟的主体，多为1佛2菩萨的组合，前期的粗壮而逐渐演变到后期的清瘦。隋、唐以来出现了一铺七身或九身的群像，也出现了大的造像，如148窟和158窟的两身长16米多的涅槃像

时光飞逝，我的讲解完毕了。下面请大家自由活动。在活动之前，我还是那句老话：请大家保护环境，珍惜莫高窟的每一寸土地。她不仅是游览名胜地，还是我们中国的骄傲!好，12点到这里来集合。我们到旅馆去吃中午饭。

青海景点导游词精选

青海是花儿的故乡，河湟花儿是西北花儿的精魂，是一种 非物质文化遗产，也作为民族地域的曲种之一。欢迎阅读小编为大家整理的导游词，希望对你们有帮助。

青海湖导游词

青海湖，是我国第一大内陆湖泊，也是我国最大的咸水湖。它浩瀚缥缈，波澜壮阔，是大自然赐与青海高原的一面巨大的宝镜。

青海湖，古代称为“西海”，又称“鲜水”或“鲜海”。藏语叫做“错温波”，意思是“青色的湖”;蒙古语称它为“库库诺尔”，即“蓝色的海洋”。由于青海湖一带早先属于卑禾族的牧地，所以又叫“卑禾羌海”，汉代也有人称它为“仙海”。从北魏起才更名为“青海”。

青海湖面积达4456平方公里，环湖周长360多公里，比著名的太湖大一倍还要多。湖面东西长，南北窄，略呈椭圆形。乍看上去，象一片肥大的白杨树叶。青海湖水平均深约19米多，最大水深为28米，蓄水量达1050亿立方米，湖面海拔为3260米，比两个东岳泰山还要高。由于这里地势高，气候十分凉爽。即使是烈日炎炎的盛夏，日平均气温也只有15℃左中，是理想的避暑消夏的胜地。

青海湖地处青海高原的东北部，这里地域辽阔，草原广袤，河流众多，水草丰美，环境幽静。湖的四周被四座巍巍高山所环抱：北面是崇宏壮丽的大通山，东面是巍峨雄伟的日月山，南面是逶迤绵绵的青海南山，西面是峥嵘嵯峨的橡皮山。这四座大山海拔都在3600米至5000米之间。举目环顾，犹如四幅高高的天然屏障，将青海湖紧紧环抱其中。从山下到湖畔，则是广袤平坦、苍茫无际的千里草原，而烟波浩淼、碧波连天的青海湖，就象是一盏巨大的翡翠玉盘平嵌在高山、草原之间，构成了一幅山、湖、草原相映成趣的壮美风光和绮丽景色。

青海湖的不同的季节里，景色迥然不同。夏秋季节，当四周巍巍的群山和西岸辽阔的草原披上绿装的时候，青海湖畔山青水秀，天高气爽，景色十分绮丽。辽阔起伏的千里草原就象是铺上一层厚厚的绿色的绒毯，那五彩缤纷的野花，把绿色的绒毯点缀的如锦似缎，数不尽的牛羊和膘肥体壮的骢马犹如五彩斑驳的珍珠洒满草原;湖畔大片整齐如画的农田麦浪翻滚，菜花泛金，芳香四溢;那碧波万顷，水天一色的青海湖，好似一泓玻璃琼浆在轻轻荡漾。而寒冷的冬季，当寒流到来的时候，四周群山和草原变得一片枯黄，有时还要披上一层厚厚的银装。每年11月份，青海湖便开始结冰，浩瀚碧澄的湖面，冰封玉砌，银装素裹，就象一面巨大的宝镜，在阳光下熠熠闪亮，终日放射着夺目的光辉。

青海湖以盛产湟鱼而闻名，鱼类资源十分丰富。很值得提及的是，这里产的冰鱼较为著名。每到冰季，青海湖冰封后，人们在冰面钻孔捕鱼，水下的鱼儿，在阳光或灯光的诱惑下便自动跳出冰孔，捕而烹食味道鲜美。

青海湖中的海心山和鸟岛都是游览胜地。海心山又称龙驹岛，面积约1平方公里。岛上岩石嶙峋，景色旖旎，自古以产龙驹而闻名。著名的鸟岛位于青海湖西部，在流注湖内的第一大河布哈河附近，它的面积只有0.5平方公里，春夏季节却栖息着10万多只候鸟。为了保护岛上的鸟类资源，这里还设有专门机构，负责鸟类研究和保护工作。

青海湖岸边有辽阔的天然牧场，有肥沃的大片良田，有丰富的矿产资源。这里冬季多雪，夏秋多雨，水源充足，雨量充沛，对发展畜牧业和农业有着良好的条件。早在遥远的古代，这里就是马、牛、羊等牲畜的重要产地。青海湖一带所产的马在春秋战国时代就很出名，当时被称为“秦马”。古代名著《诗经》曾描写过“秦马”的雄壮和善驰。以后，隋唐时代，这里产的马经过与“乌孙马”、“血汗马”交配改良，发展成为独具特色的良马。它不仅以神骏善驰而驰名，而且以能征惯战而著称。

青海湖周围地势平坦，土地肥沃，农业生产也有着广阔的前景。当地人民在优先发展牧业的同时，还有计划地开垦饲草饲料基地，办起了国营农场，发展以油料、饲料为主的农作物生产，并且在昔日荒凉的寂寞的草原，相继建起了倒淌河等一批新兴城镇，接着还办起了一批工厂、矿山，其中有煤、建材、机械修理、皮毛加工、民族用品等。

南山公园导游词

南山公园位于西宁市南山，风景十分秀丽，是休闲观景的好地方。

西宁南山又叫凤凰山，山上有亭，名叫凤凰亭，亭上有一横额，上书“河湟引凤”。相传南凉时有凤凰飞临其上，故名凤凰台。这和当时流传的“龙现于长宁，麒麟游于绥羌”同为附会之说，但由此而来的西宁古八景之一的“凤台留云”却成为西宁的一大胜景。

根据《西宁府新志·地理志》中记载：“南山……冬夏积雪不消，耸出万山之上，俨若银屏，又谓之雪山，俗称南山积雪为八景之一也”。攀登绝顶，宛如身在天宫，头顶青云缥渺，脚下冰层晶莹。南山绝顶气候多变。

夏天前往南山公园欣赏“南山积雪”，真是风景独异。一脉高山，截成两节，分属两个世界：雪线下一碧万里;雪线上银装素裹。

以青海云杉、祁连圆柏、油松、青杨、榆树为主形成工人森林景观，盛夏季节这里绿绿葱葱，空气清新湿润，群鸟啼鸣，游人享受回归大自然的无穷乐趣。公中中心地带的百花园，以牡丹花为主的数十种高原名花卉竞相怒放，香气飘舞，姹紫嫣红，形成了与森林景观完全不同的另一天地地。新近建成的五彩瀑布在太阳光的照射下彩虹飞落，成为西宁独有的瀑布水景。公园西北部有一小山包，上有平台，人称凤凰台。相传有对金凤凰曾在此飞落而得名。海拔2419米。每逢农历九月九重阳节，人们纷纷登上凤凰台俯视西宁古八景之一。现凤凰台上建有有凤凰亭，为两层楼阁式，直径24米，高23米，亭脊以孔雀蓝琉璃瓦和层顶相缀，阁壁彩绘，精美的石雕艺术建筑，蔚为壮观，登亭鸟瞰高原古城，抚今追昔，感概万千。凤凰山麓有一古刹南禅寺，建于明代，历史悠久，建筑古香古色，众多善男信女来此求神拜佛，成为南山公园附近的一处人文景观。该公园设有餐饮和文化娱乐活动设施。

唐蕃古道历史导游词

唐蕃古道就是唐朝和吐蕃之间的交通大道，是我国古代历史上一条非常著名的道路，也是唐代以来中原内地去往青海、西藏乃至尼泊尔、印度等国的必经之路。著名的文成公主远嫁吐蕃王松赞干布走的就是这条大道。它的形成和畅通至今已有1300多年的历史。

公元七世纪初，在祖国中原地区，李世民父子创立李唐王朝。几乎与此同时，吐蕃王国在赞普松赞干布的率领下也迅速崛起，统一了西藏地区的许多部落，建立了强大的奴隶主专制政权，进而向北扩张，最后于公元663年攻灭吐谷浑，从而与唐王朝接界，互为邻壤。唐太宗贞观八年(公元634年)，松赞干布派使臣前往唐朝首都长安，拜见唐太宗，并请求联姻和好。

唐太宗也派出使臣前往吐蕃回访，但未答应联姻。公元640年，松赞干布再次派大相(宰相)禄东赞携带金、白银及其他珠宝数百件，前往长安求婚，唐太宗审时度势，答应将自己的宗室女儿文成公主嫁给松赞干布。公元641年，唐太宗派江夏王李道宗作为国舅，专程护送文成公主远嫁吐蕃，双方结为甥舅之邦，揭开了唐蕃友好历史的新篇章。在此以后的220xx年中，双方虽然也曾发生过误会、摩擦甚至一时失和的情况，但和睦相处、友好往来却一直是唐蕃双方关系的主流。从吐蕃首次遣使来唐到两个王朝覆灭前夕，有据可查的使者往来就达19多次，可见双方关系的密切和频繁往来的情况。因此可以说这条古道的重大意义绝不仅仅限于道路本身，而在于当时乃至以后的漫长历史岁月里，它起着维系唐蕃甥舅情谊、加深和强化藏汉两大兄弟民族友好的重要桥梁和纽带的作用。

文成公主受父皇之命，带着大批卫队、侍女、工匠、艺人和大量绸缎、典籍、医书、粮食等嫁妆，从长安迤逦西行，经甘肃，到青海，过日月山，经大河坝，到达黄河源头。为了保障公主一路顺风，唐太宗命沿途官府修路架桥，造船制筏，建筑佛堂，开辟通道。松赞干布则亲自率领满朝官员与大队人马迎亲于柏海(即今扎陵湖和鄂陵湖)，并在此举行欢迎仪式。然后，松赞干布与文成公主结伴而行，前往逻些完婚。文成公主进藏途中不仅播撒下了汉藏友好的种子，也留下了众多的胜迹与美好的传说。文成公主远嫁吐蕃，不仅揭开了唐蕃古道历史上非常重要而又影响深远的第一页，而且作为唐朝与吐蕃之间的重大事件而载入史册。公元720xx年，即唐中宗景龙三年，应吐蕃之请，唐王朝又将金城公主许配给了赞普赤迭袒赞。金城公主又沿着文成公主进藏的道路嫁往吐蕃，成为唐蕃古道上的又一桩盛事。从文成公主嫁往吐蕃起，唐朝与吐蕃之间使臣不断，贸易往来十分频繁。唐蕃古道正是在这种情况下逐渐开辟、迅速兴盛起来，并且很快成为一条站驿相连、使臣仆仆、商贾云集的交通大道的。

唐蕃古道西段山高路险，气候严酷，至今仍然是人烟稀少的牧业地带。时至今日，在现代条件下，以车马代步，走起来也还是比较艰辛的事情。人们不难想见，当日文成公主进藏、使节商旅往来长途跋涉的困苦情景。

从八达岭长城往南，沿著名的“关沟”直下约5公里的中间地带，就是明万里长城最负盛名的雄关之一——居庸关。居庸关自古就是今北京地区西北的屏障。

如果说八达岭是西北进入北京的第一道门户的话，这里就是第二道门户。居庸关两侧高山耸立，翠峰重迭，峭壁陡不可攀。中间一径相通，地势十分险要。成书于战国时期的《吕氏春秋》中就有“天下九塞，居庸其一”的记载。

居庸关在漫长的岁月中，虽始终是兵防重镇，却屡易其名，三国时称“西关”，北齐时改“纳款关”，唐时又先称“蓟门关”，后改为“军都关”，由辽以后经金、元、明、清至今，一直称谓“居庸关”。秦时，虽然秦始皇所修长城不经过这里，但此地已是秦军都县和居庸县的关口。到北魏时期的公元446年，这里才开始有了长城。公元555年，北齐政权所修长城也曾经过这里。此时，居庸关才真正成为长城线上的一个重要隘口。明朝建立之初，就于洪武三年(公元1370年)派开国元勋徐达修筑了居庸关关城。关城两侧的长城城墙，紧接关城向两翼山上延伸，其形如大鹏展翅。城墙随山势地形而筑，在山巅平缓处的垛口为“凹”字形，墙筑在陡峭山坡，垛口为台阶式，呈锯齿状。关城设南北二门，街长二里余，南门筑有瓮城。垛口、射洞齐备，咽喉通道穿入南北门。具有“一夫当关，万夫莫开”之险。它与明长城的倒马关和紫荆关合称为“内三关”。

居庸关云台位于居庸关城的中心，为一过街塔基座，用汉白玉砌成。建于元至元五年(公元1345年)。台上原矗立三座石制-塔，俗称“过街塔”。塔在元末明初时先后被毁。明正统四年(公元1439年)，在台上重建寺院，名泰安寺。寺又于清代康熙四十一年(公元1720_年)被焚毁。现存塔基高9.5米，下基东西长26.84米，南北长17.57米。台顶四周安设有雕刻精美的石护栏及排水龙头。台座正中间南北各开一券门，券洞为八边折角式拱券，这是我国仅存的宋、元以前城关门洞的建筑形式。券面及券洞内雕有迦楼罗(金翅鸟)、大龙神、卷叶花等。券洞内左右两壁，刻有属于-教内容的佛教图像，如四大天王像，以大鹏、鲸鱼等六种形象组成的法相饰“六〓具”等。四大天王之间，布满了用梵、藏、八思巴、维吾尔、汉、西夏西夏六种文字刻写的佛经，以及用汉文刻写的《造塔功德记》。券洞顶部雕刻有10尊坐佛和若干小佛像，还雕刻有各种花草图案。

居庸关，是京北长城沿线上的著名古关城，"天下九塞"之一，"太行八陉"之八，国家级文物保护单位。

关城所在的峡谷，属太行余脉军都山地，西山夹峙，下有巨涧，悬崖峭壁，地形极为险要。居庸关与紫荆关、倒马关、固关并称明朝京西四大名关，其中居庸关、紫荆关、倒马关又称内三关。

庸关在北京市昌平县境内，形势险要，自古为兵家必争之地。有南北两个关口，南名“南口”，北称“居庸关”。居庸关两旁，山势雄奇，中间有长达18公里的溪谷，俗称“关沟”。这里清流萦绕，翠峰重迭，花木郁茂，山鸟争鸣。绮丽的风景，有“居庸叠翠”之称，被列为“燕京八景”之一。居庸关的中心有一个“过街塔”基座，名“云台”，取其“远望如在云端”之意。云台创建于元至正二至五年(1342一1345年)，是用汉白玉石筑成的，台高9.5米，上顶东西宽25.21米，南北长12.9米;下基东西宽26.84米。南北长15.57米，上小下大，平面呈矩形。台顶四周的石栏杆、望柱、栏板、滴水龙头等建筑，都保持着元代的艺术风格。台基中央有一个门洞，门道可通行人、车、马。云台可谓是元代一座大型的石雕艺术精品。云台上原建有三座白色喇嘛塔，可惜毁于元末明初。此后在台基上建了“泰安寺”，清康熙四十一年(1720_年)，寺遭火焚，仅存云台。现在台顶上的柱础，就是明代泰安寺殿字的遗物。

居庸关附近，还有“仙枕石”、“五郎庙”、“六郎寨”、“弹琴峡”、“望京石”、“天险”、“穆桂英点将台”、“詹天佑铜像”等景点，增添了这座雄关的风采。1992年昌平区十三陵特区办事处为保护文物，对关城建筑进行了全面修复，再现了昔日的雄姿。关城附近自然景观十分壮美，早在金明昌年间(公元1190—1195年)“居庸叠翠”之名已列入“燕山八景”。

居庸关在距北京市区50余公里外的昌平县境内。相传秦始皇修长城时，将囚犯、士卒和强征来的民夫徙居于此，后取“徙居庸徒”之意，故名居庸关。汉代沿称，此后各代仍称居庸关口这里山峦间花木郁茂葱笼，仿如碧波翠浪，故有“居庸叠翠”之称。居庸关形势险要，自古为兵家必争之地，它有南北两个关口，南名“南口”，北称“八达岭”。居庸关两旁山势雄奇，中间有长达18公里的溪谷，俗称“关沟”。这里清流萦绕、翠峰重叠、花木郁茂、山鸟争鸣，被列为“燕京八景”之一。

居庸关长城所在的峡谷，属太行余脉军都山地，地形极为险要。早在春秋战国时代，燕国就要扼控此口，时称“居庸塞”。汉朝时，居庸关城已颇具规模。南北朝时，关城建筑又与长城连在一起。此后历唐、辽、金、元数朝，居庸峡谷都有关城之设。

居庸关长城在北京昌平县境内，距北京市区60公里，是长城的一个重要关口，古代北京西北的重要屏障，形势险要。然而，这个汉代关始设立的开口，历尽沧桑，残损严重，渐渐失

居庸关长城(4张)去公众的关注。历时4年、耗资上亿元的居庸关长城修复工程已竣工，居庸关长城已于1998年3月正式对游人开放。

游览居庸关主要是观赏那高六雄伟的关城和连锦起伏的垛口，以及云台精美石雕。

关城：明代居庸关有南北雨个外围关口，南边的叫南口，北边的为八达岭口(北口)，关城就设在南口北边的峡谷(关淆)中。城设南北门，南门筑有瓮城，一条困喉通道穿入南北门。关城两旁高山耸立，重因叠蟑，林木葱郁，早在800多年前的金代，就被列为燕京八景之一，称为「居庸叠翠」。

云台：在关城的中心，有一座雕刻精美的汉白玉石台，名为「云台」，建於元代至正五年(公元1 345年)，原是建筑物的台基，台上先后建有过街塔、泰安寺，现仅存星座。云台的雕刻集中在券门和券洞内。券门雨侧到有金刚杵及各种兽类浮雕，正中刻有金翅鸟王;券洞内壁有四六天王浮雕及汉、藏、回、蒙、梵、西夏6种文字所到的《陀罗尼经咒》和《造塔功德记》。券顶布满曼陀罗花及小佛像，雕刻极为精致。

建筑特点

1.呈圆周封闭形建筑形式;

2.宽窄、高低变化大，最宽16.7米，最窄1.2米。东山长城比河 居庸关长城

套长城高出370米左右。墙体内侧低，外侧高，外侧叫垛口墙，内侧叫女墙或宇墙，可以有效地抗击敌人;

3.建筑结构形式多样，是整个长城建筑的精华，在清理基址时发现有花岗岩条石垒成的，有碎石块砌成的，有砖砌的，说明它的建筑年代不同;

4.军事防御范围广，周围面积50多公顷，南北券城相距约850米左右，东山顶至西山顶直线距离1150米，防御设施有南、北券城、城楼、水门、水闸、敌楼、铺房、烽隧、角楼、炮台等。长城上的敌楼、烽燧、铺房，是古代打仗时作为掩体和士兵居住的地方，共修复了25座，这些按明代规制烧的城砖，都是靠人工、牲畜往上运送材料。高大雄伟的城楼，南北各有一座，楼为三重檐歇山式绿琉璃瓦翦边，高21米，下面城台高10米。城楼是指挥作战的中心，所以建造高大。站在楼上，可以一目了然，有利于观敌情。城台下面有券门通瓮城。瓮城即大城门外的月城，用以增强城池的防御力量。

景点

券城与南北关

南关瓮城呈马蹄形，南关主城门南北走，向上有重檐歇山城楼一座，自地面计算高31.8米，瓮城西侧有瓮城城门通往关城向南的大道，在弧形瓮城城台上设有炮台，陈列着明代古灯，外墙有垛口，内侧墙低矮无垛口。作战时可将敌人诱入瓮城，主城关闭阻其入城，再放瓮城闸门，敌人就被困在瓮城里，只能束手就擒，有“瓮中捉鳖”之意，因此得名瓮城，在瓮城之中建有一座福佑关城的关王庙。北关与南关作用相同，呈长方形的瓮城上设有炮台，瓮城城门朝向北侧，北瓮城中建有北方镇守大神真武庙，庙内供有十二生肖神，水火。

古炮

资料图片在居庸关南券城和北券城城墙之上，分别陈列5门古炮。南券城陈列“大将军铁炮”2门，长1.7米，炮口口径8厘米。“竹节铁炮”3门，长1.7米，炮口口径15厘米;北券城陈列“大将军铁炮”2门，长1.77米和1.79米，炮口口径7厘米。“竹节铁炮”3门;长为1.08米、1.5米、1.7米，炮口口径为14厘米和8厘米。明代是我国古代大炮制铸和使用最兴盛时期。元朝末年，朱元璋起义，和州人焦立向他呈献十支新式武器“火铳”。用火药发射铁弹丸，当时称为“火龙枪”。明朝建立以后，专门设有兵仗军器局，研制铸造大炮。大炮被称为“神威大将军”。在军队中，设有使用大炮的军机营。京城卫戎，长城关口要冲，配备神机营。明成祖时，下令在长城沿线安置大炮。还“佛郎机”“神枪”“铁铳”等。《明史.兵志》记载，到了明代中叶，大炮的铸造工业逐于精良，制造出的“红夷大炮”长可二丈有余，重三千斤。发之洞裂石城，声震数十里。这种炮，有照门和准星用于瞄准，射程可达500多米。在修复居庸关北关城时，发掘出土石炮弹23枚，最大直径为15厘米，铁炮弹6枚，最大直径5厘米。

云台石刻

云台石刻堪称一绝，券门内两侧右壁及顶部遍刻佛像，佛像造型生动，雕刻技艺高超，六种文字的石刻经文、咒语为历史研究提供了难能可贵的资料。据专家考证，石刻造像具有典型的藏传佛教萨迦教派的特征。进入券门两壁刻四大天王像。天王身躯高大，怒目圆睁，并有厉鬼在其左右，是护持佛法，镇守国家四方的尊神。据说明朝正德年间，武宗皇帝朱厚燳微服出游，夜间骑马偷偷混出居庸关时，他的坐骑见到四大天王像，吓得不敢前行。无奈之下武宗下令用烟火把像熏黑了，才得以出关。

券门两壁四天王的空间处，有用梵、藏、八思巴、畏兀儿、西夏、汉等六种文字镌刻的《如来心经》经文、咒语、造塔功德记等，西夏文是纪录我国古代党项族语言的文字，创制于公元1036—1038年间，当时约有六千多字流行。八思巴文是元世祖忽然必烈命其帝师八思巴创立的蒙古新字。它脱胎于藏文，采用拼音的方式书写，并于公元1269年颁诏推行。以上两种文字流传时间很短便废弃不用，而保存下来的石刻文字对破译古代文字，以及研究西夏、蒙古历史都提供了非常珍贵的实物资料。

居庸关

居庸关券门顶部刻有五个曼荼罗，即五组圆形图案式佛像，佛界称其为坛场。坛场的设立有保护众佛修炼铁，防止魔众侵犯的意思。五曼荼罗的主尊佛像，由北往南依次为：释迦牟尼佛(如来佛)、阿弥陀佛(菩萨形)、阿佛(菩萨形)、金刚手菩萨、普明菩萨。其中除释迦牟尼为佛祖之外，其他四菩萨在此显现，则有四方教主的意思。五曼荼罗连同其他佛像，共197尊。

券顶两侧的斜面上，刻有十方佛，在每方佛的周围还分别刻有小佛102座，共计小佛1020座，取共千佛之意。这些小佛，是明朝正统年间，修建泰安寺(1443—1449年)时，由镇守永宁(今延庆县境)的太监谷春主持补刻的。连同十方佛下的菩萨、比丘，券项两侧部共有刻像1060尊。

券门的南北券面上，雕刻着造型独特、别具一格的一组造像，其中有大鹏、鲸鱼、龙子、童男、兽王、象王等等，佛界称其为“六拿具”。大鹏寓意慈悲鲸鱼为保护之相，龙子表示救护之意，童男骑在兽王上自然是寓意福资在天，而象王则有温驯善师的含意，券面最下端的石刻纹饰为交杵,又称羯魔杵、金刚杵。原本为古印度的一种兵器，在此为断烦恼、伏恶魔，护持佛法的法器。鉴于云台刻石造像的历史与文物价值，1961年，经国务院批准，云台刻石造像被列为第一批全国重点保护文物。

真武庙(1996年修复)

明洪熙元年(1420_年)建。真武庙所祀主神为真武大帝。真武即玄武，是中国古代神话中的北方之神，道教所奉的神。相传古净乐国王的太子，生而神猛，越东海来游，遇天神授宝剑，入湖北武当山修炼，经42年而功成，白日飞升，威镇北方，号玄武君，宋代皇帝因避其祖赵玄朗名讳，改玄武为“真武”。宋真宗时尊为“镇天真武灵应圣帝君”，简称“真武帝君”。元朝时加封真武为“元圣仁威玄天上帝”，成为北方最高神。明代对真武信仰达到鼎盛。朱棣称帝后，特加封真武为“北极镇天真武玄天上帝”，并将其所谓修炼之地——武当山赐名“大岳太和山”。相传，洪武初大将军徐达北征“屡有真武灵助之”，因而在关内修建此庙。修复的庙内有道教真武神八大元帅、六丁六甲神将、水火二将和青龙、白虎等神像。

城隍庙

这组庙宇规模较大。城隍是道教所传守护城池的神。中国古代称有水的城堑为“池”，无水的城堑为“隍”。据说三千多年前的周代，除夕要祭祀八种神，其中就有城神、隍神。以后两神合二为一，就成为城池之神了。道教认为城隍是剪恶除凶、护城安民之神，能应人之求，旱时降雨，涝时转晴，以保五谷丰登，百姓安泰。

最早是三国东吴时，在安徽芜湖建城隍神庙，以供拜祭。到了唐代，祭祀城隍逐渐普遍，人们把一些在地方有功的开明人士死后奉为城隍神，希望他能继续福佑乡土，保护百姓。宋代祭祀城隍更是遍行各乡。到了明朝，明太祖元璋即位不久，就下令在都城南京修建规模宏大的城隍庙，并颁布城隍神的封号爵级，敕封京城城隍为帝，开封临濠等地的城隍为王;府级城隍为威灵公，官居二品，州级城隍为显佑伯，官居四品，并按照级别，配制服饰。另外，城隍还管领亡魂。朱元璋还为城隍组织了一套机构，设有判官和衙役，道教乘机声称“城隍老爷”有权拘捕活人到阴间，死人的阴魂也都首先到城隍庙去接受审问。新官上任必须斋戒沐浴去祭祀城隍庙后，方得进衙理事，每月初一、十五还得前往祭拜。

朱元璋如此重视城隍神是有他的目的的。朱元璋曾对大学士宋濂透露过心里话：“朕立城隍神，使人知畏，人有所畏，则不敢妄为”。说穿了，大肆鼓吹神鬼的威力，不过是震慑臣民，目的是巩固封建统治。居庸关的城隍庙建于明洪武年间(1368-1397年)。清代乾隆三十年(1765年)重修。在这里建置城隍庙除为了护佑关城外，还有约束军民的用意。这次修复是1996年，庙内塑有城隍、阎王、山神、地神等神像。

水门

居庸关地形险要两侧高山，中间一水，水道，南北方向贯穿关城。长城与河道交叉之处，建有双孔圆拱水门，水门上有闸楼，内设水闸，借此控制门内外水量。洪水季节打开闸口，泻洪，枯水季节，储备河水供关城使用。水门桥墩为南北尖状，以利于减少洪水对水门的作用力，起到了防止毁坏，延长使用时间的作用。

河南老君山位于河南省洛阳市栾川县城东3公里处，是秦岭余脉八百里伏牛山的主峰，海拔2200米，原名景室山。后因西周朝“守藏室史”李耳到此归隐修炼，并被道教尊为太上老君而被唐太宗易名为“老君山”，沿袭至今。

山顶太清观始建于北魏，历代重修，唐代尉迟敬德曾监工重修，明朝最为鼎盛，铁椽、铁瓦、金碧辉煌，千百年来，一直是豫、陕、皖、鄂等地众香客朝拜的中原道教圣地。近年来，东南沿海香客也慕名前来，仅中国台湾高雄九龙八风进香团每批朝山者就达百人之众。

老君山不仅是中原道教圣地，而且也是北国山水精华荟萃处。老君山地处南亚热带与北温带的过渡带上，气候适宜，冷暖相宜，动植物资源极为丰富，有各类动物180余种，植物1861种，被业内专家称为：天然动植物种质资源基因库。因此1982年被河南省人民政府批准建立省级自然保护区，1994年被河南省人民政府批准建为“省级风景名胜区”，1997年和河南省其它5家省级自然保护区统一晋升为国家级自然保护区。仅20xx年开发以来，老君山生态旅游区管理区先后筹集资金5500余万元，先后开发了以品味道教文化和领略伏牛主峰为主题的道教文化区和以欣赏飞瀑流泉为主题的生态观光区两大区域，景点150余处，其中自然景观主要有：舍身崖、南天门、马鬃岭、石林、朝阳洞、仙人桥、君山天瀑、老龙窝、悟道石、亮宝台、玉皇顶等，主要人文景观有：十方院、灵官殿、淋醋殿、菩萨殿、道德府、炼丹炉等，当代著名作家李准观后赞叹“秀压五岳、奇观三山;黄山奇峰七十二、君山奇景知多少”。

老君山景区现有农家宾馆25家，床位800张，并有二星级宾馆老君山大酒店与景区配套，可接约130人住宿，宾馆餐厅雅间15个，大厅一个,可同时容纳300人就餐。

老君山交通便利，可进入性强，距洛阳机场148公里，紧邻洛栾快速通道，景区内铺设三级水泥公路13.5公里，人行步道34公里。老君山景区配套设施完善，可以满足游客的吃、住、行、游、购、娱各种要求，购物广场，不仅有全县共有的香菇、木耳、核桃、玉米糁等地方特产，而且还有根据《史记》中司马迁对老子的记述的老子骑牛像，以及依据河南鹿邑老子故里、河南栾川老君山、河南灵宝函谷关和陕西周至楼观台以及北京白云观等专家人士的指点，历经两载耀世而出的“太上老君”金像。

20xx年4月25日，老君山一日游环线建成，正式对外接待游客，20xx年接待游客20万人次，已成为中原地区集山水景观与道教文化为一体的标志性景区。

兴城古城，是五百年前留下来的一份珍贵的历史遗产，是我国目前保存最完整的一座明代古城，是国家级文物保护单位。它经历了570多年的风雨浸蚀和战争摧残，外城现已无存，内城经历代维修，基本保持原貌。

兴城古城略呈正方形，城的四面正中皆有城门，门外有半圆形瓮城。城墙基砌青色条石，外砌大块青砖，内垒巨型块石，中间夹夯黄土。城上各有两层楼阁、围廊式箭楼，分别各有坡形砌登道。四角高筑炮台，突出于城角，用以架设红夷大炮。当年明清宁远之役，清太祖努尔哈赤就是被红夷大炮击中，身负重伤，回盛京之后不久身亡。东南角建魁星楼一座。城内东、西、南、北大街呈+字形相交，古城的正中心，有一座雄伟壮观的钟鼓楼，它凌空飞架，与四座城门箭楼遥相对应，显得威严壮观，气势巍峨。

古城城门有四：东曰春和;南曰延辉;西曰永宁;北曰威远。钟鼓楼在中街。

鼓楼为战时击鼓进军、平时报晓更辰所用。

鼓楼楼高17.2米，分为三层。基座平面为正方形，高如城墙，下砌通向四条大街的十字券洞，全部大青砖砌成，，分东、西、南、北各筑拱形通道。上为两层楼阁，第二层外部游廊悬挂历年来兴城视察的党和国家领导人及重要外宾的图片。内部辟为兴城出土文物陈列馆。展出"红山文化"时期(约五六千年前)及春秋战国时期的骨针、陶器、刀币等珍贵出土文物。还架设一面巨型牛皮大鼓。大鼓直径2.25米(整张牛皮绷制)，实为全国罕见。1995年李鹏总理第二次视察兴城时曾来此参观。三层为民族英雄袁崇焕将军蜡像馆。此蜡像经能工巧匠的精雕细刻，人物表情丰富细腻、栩栩如生，似乎正在向人们宣布"我与此城(宁远城)共存亡"的决心。周围廊式，歇山卷鹏、飞檐凌空、朱廊画栋，西北开函洞小门，有石阶可上下。当登上鼓楼，古城风光尽收眼底，令人心旷神怡。