0篇1：英语专业翻译方向论文开题报告_开题报告_网
how to deal with ellipsis in english-chinese translation
i. purpose and significance
with the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. however, the differences between english and chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.
it is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in english-chinese rendition. translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.
according to the oxford advanced learner’s english-chinese dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. what could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.
some words and phrases are useless in chinese but necessary in english. articles in english are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. they are very important in english, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in chinese. ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic chinese. the paper will explore ellipsis in english-chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among china and english-speaking countries.
ii. literature review
long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. in china, xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the sanskrit sutras into chinese, but introduced the first chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand china’s ancient culture. meanwhile, he was the first to translate lao tses works into sanskrit. indian scholars had a high opinion of xuanzang, "in china, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that xuanzang is the first great translator."(ye lang, ) we can say that it was xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. then, some big countries such as america, china, and so on became a melting pot.(gu zhengkun, ) people have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.
with china’s entry into wto and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. a lot of foreign tourists come to visit china. while traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. sometimes, they even feel confused. a lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. all of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (ma zuyi, ). i am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. the love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. but every time when i have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.
communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. in order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. of course, translation is one of them. all translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(gu jinming, 1997) from my perspective, they really have done a great job. and i want to retrospect the cause of their development. after a thorough evaluation, i choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from english to chinese, then i did the following jobs.
i put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then i found that it is a common case in english and chinese which draws much academic interest. in 1976, halliday and hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. this classification exerts great influence in academic circle. thereafter, ellipsis in chinese and english has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. this kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in chinese and english.
another famous theory to explain ellipsis is economy principle. economy principle was put forward by chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his generate crammer. it maintains that language and linguistic study follow economy principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. this principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.
in this thesis, i think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. and in both english and chinese, people advocate brevity. shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). however, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(hua xianfa,)these functions distribute in both english and chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both english to chinese and chinese to english translation.
i found that when chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in english to chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. they consider that it is a common phenomenon that chinese always leave out personal articles. while it is obviously different in english that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. that is because when we translate from english to chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. however, it never happens in english. from this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into chinese.
in my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. however, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in china, and we have less influential chinese translators in the world. therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.
iii. feasibility analysis
this academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:
1.i have great interests in the way of english-chinese translation.
2.i have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .
3.i have collected enough references both chinese and western on ellipsis in
translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.
4.i have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.
5.i have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate english competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise english.
6.my instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject i havechosen.
iv. problems of the research and solutions
1. problems
despite the references i have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in english-chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. what’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in xinjiang, i will have to make full use of my present resources. also, this is the first time i have ever written such a serious academic paper. i am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.
2. solutions
(1) i shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the internet as well.
(2) i shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that i have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.
(3) when i have difficulties in the writing process, i shall consult my instructor and seek for help.
v. necessary conditions
1. our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.
2. the internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the internet.
3. i have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.
vi. outline
i. introduction
a. a brief introduction of ellipsis in translation
b. what should we pay attention to when dealing with ellipsis
c. the reason why ellipsis is so widely used in translation
1. chinese expressions are much briefer than that of english
2. english grammar is wee-knit and complete in sentence structure
ii. the principles of ellipsis
a. omitted words must be useless and unnecessary in the translated works
b. the meaning of the omitted words is implied in the test
c. omitted words which are self-evident
ш. the functions and applications of ellipsis
a. the coherence of the meaning of expression
b. the coincidence of the manner of expression
1. ellipsis of articles
a. ellipsis of definite articles
b. ellipsis of indefinite articles
2. ellipsis of prepositions
3. ellipsis of pronouns
a. ellipsis of personal and impersonal pronouns
b. ellipsis of indefinite pronouns
c. ellipsis of relative pronouns
4. ellipsis of conjunctions
a. ellipsis of coordinating conjunctions
b. ellipsis of subordinate conjunctions
5. ellipsis of rhetoric
a. ellipsis of repeated words
b. ellipsis of synonyms
篇2：教育硕士专业学位论文开题报告的内容_开题报告_网
1.课题的来源及选题的依据。主要是教育硕士研究生对其研究方向的历史、现状和发展情况进行分析，着重说明选题的经过，该课题在国内外的研究动态，和对开展此课题研究工作的设想，同时阐明所选课题的理论意义、实用价值、经济效益和社会效益以及准备在哪些方面有所进展或突破。
2.对所确定的课题，在理论上和实际上的意义、价值及可能达到的水平，给予充分的阐述，同时要对自己的课题计划、确定的技术路线、实验方案、预期结果等做理论上的论证和技术可行性的论证。
3.课题研究过程中，拟采用哪些方法，目前仪器设备和图书资料及其他各方面条件是否具备。
4.阐述课题研究工作可能遇到的困难和问题，以及解决的方法和措施。
5.估算论文工作量所需经费，说明经费来源。
篇3：教育硕士专业学位论文开题报告基本要求_开题报告_网
专业学位论文开题报告是教育硕士学员专业学位论文工作中不可缺少的重要环节，是培养教育硕士学员的教育研究能力、审核完成学位论文进度计划、保证论文质量的有力措施。教育硕士学员作开题报告，也是一个阶段考核，它可使教育硕士学员进一步明确论文目标和要达到的预定水平，使学位论文选题较为准确、适当，使培养单位有关人员对教育硕士学员的课题有所了解，以便有更多的人关心教育硕士学员论文工作的进展。通过开题报告和专家评议，使教育硕士学员较好地了解本课题进行中应注意处理和解决的各种问题，及时调整论文工作计划，同时也可起到教育硕士学员和导师之间相互交流的作用。现对论文开题报告提出如下要求：
一、选题
专业学位论文选题是教育硕士学员开展研究工作的开始，也是导师指导教育硕士学员工作的重要方面。专业学位论文选题得当与否，关系到专业学位论文的成败。专业学位论文选题准备工作应尽早考虑，要求在入学第三学期着手进行。论文题目的选择可以是在教育硕士学员总结自己实践经验和充分查阅文献的基础上提出，并经导师同意后确定;或者是在导师对教育硕士学员情况充分了解的基础上进行，由导师首先提出，征求教育硕士学员的意见后确定。选题时一般掌握以下原则：
1.选题要有一定的难度，在学术方面具有开拓性，技术应用方面具有先进性，使研究课题具有较高的理论意义，学术水平和实用价值。
2.选题应紧密联系基础教育实践，来源于中小学教育教学中的实际问题。论文形式可以多样化，如调研报告、案例分析、校本课程开发、教材分析、教学案例设计等。论文字数不少于1.5万字。
3.要根据指导教师的专长、科研基础和实验条件确定选题，必要的实验设备要基本落实，必要的实验条件要基本具备。
4.要结合教育硕士学员本人的基础和特长，使教育硕士学员通过论文工作，得到从事教育教学研究工作全过程的基本训练。
5.题目要大小适宜，难度得当，在时间安排上要留有余地，要有相当的把握在预定时间内完成任务。
二、开题报告的内容
1.课题的来源及选题的依据。主要是教育硕士学员对其研究方向的历史、现状和发展情况进行分析，着重说明选题的经过，该课题在国内外的研究动态，和对开展此课题研究工作的设想，同时阐明所选课题的理论意义、实用价值、经济效益和社会效益以及准备在哪些方面有所进展或突破。
2.对所确定的课题，在理论上和实际上的意义、价值及可能达到的水平，给予充分的阐述，同时要对自己的课题计划、确定的技术路线、实验方案、预期结果等做理论上的论证和技术可行性的论证。
3.课题研究过程中，拟采用哪些方法，目前仪器设备和图书资料及其他各方面条件是否具备。
4.阐述课题研究工作可能遇到的困难和问题，以及解决的方法和措施。
5.估算论文工作量所需经费，说明经费来源。
三、开题报告的要求
1.开题时间：开题报告和论文工作应于第三学期。凡未按时开题者，推迟其论文答辩时间。
2.教育硕士学员要进行系统的文献查阅和广泛的调查研究，写出详细的文献综述，然后写出3000字左右的书面开题报告，并制定出详细的论文工作计划，经导师审阅、修改后进行开题报告。开题前教育硕士学员应将有关的参考文献和已做过的作为开题依据的各种理论分析、试验数据，事先印发给参加会议的有关人员。
3.开题报告必须在各自培养单位中进行，组成3至5人的开题报告审查小组，并邀请本专业的教师、学员参加，听取多方面的意见。审查小组成员应事先审阅提交的开题报告及有关资料，为开会做好准备。会议应发扬学术民主，对教育硕士学员的开题报告进行严格审核，对选题适当、论据充分、措施落实的，应批准论文开题;对尚有不足的，要限期修改补充，并重做开题报告;若再次开题不能通过，推迟其论文答辩时间。
4.开题通过后，应将开题报告与论文工作计划经导师、培养单位负责人签字后送研究生处存档。教育硕士学员、培养单位各存一份开题报告和论文工作计划的复印件，以便定期检查论文工作。
5.开题通过后，一般不得改变研究课题。确有特殊情况需要更改课题者，由导师写出书面报告说明理由，经培养单位报研究生处批准后，方可另做开题报告，改换研究课题。更改研究课题后仍不能进行下去的，则推迟其论文答辩时间，指导教师要暂缓招生。
篇4：教育硕士专业学位论文开题报告的要求_开题报告_网
1.开题时间：开题报告和论文工作应于第三学期。凡未按时开题者，推迟其论文答辩时间。
2.教育硕士研究生要进行系统的文献查阅和广泛的调查研究，写出详细的文献综述，然后写出3000字左右的书面开题报告，并制定出详细的论文工作计划，经导师审阅、修改后进行开题报告。开题前教育硕士研究生应将有关的参考文献和已做过的作为开题依据的各种理论分析、试验数据，事先印发给参加会议的有关人员。
3. 开题报告必须在各自培养单位中进行，组成3至5人的开题报告审查小组，并邀请本专业的教师、学员参加，听取多方面的意见。审查小组成员应事先审阅提交的开题报告及有关资料，为开会做好准备。会议应发扬学术民主，对教育硕士研究生的开题报告进行严格审核，对选题适当、论据充分、措施落实的，应批准论文开题;对尚有不足的，要限期修改补充，并重做开题报告;若再次开题不能通过，则按《曲阜师范大学关于试行攻读硕士学位研究生中期筛选的意见》办理。
4.开题通过后，应将开题报告与论文工作计划经导师、教研室主任和院长(系主任、所长)签字后送研究生处存档。教育硕士研究生、导师、院(系、所)办公室各存一份开题报告和论文工作计划的复印件，以便定期检查论文工作。
5.开题通过后，一般不得改变研究课题。确有特殊情况需要更改课题者，由导师写出书面报告说明理由，经院长(系主任、所长)、教研室主任、报主管部门批准后，方可另做开题报告，改换研究课题。更改研究课题后仍不能进行下去的，则对教育硕士研究生按有关管理规定办理，指导教师要暂缓招生。