沈阳故宫导游词讲解【汇集20篇】

大家好，欢迎你们来北京的故宫玩!我姓周，你们就叫我小周吧!

我先给大家介绍故宫的大概情况。故宫位于北京市城中心，是明、清两代以来，保存最完整、规模最宏大的皇家宫殿。故宫也称紫禁城，1987年它还被列入为《世界遗产名录》呢!

诸位，这里就是故宫的正门，也叫午门。在10米高的城墙上耸立着五座崇楼，楼顶飞檐翅起，从上面看就像五只展翅欲飞的凤凰。也称五凤楼。

各位，现在我们已经进入故宫了。这是故宫的第一院落。我们眼前的是五座白玉石桥，他们象征五德：仁、义、礼、智、信，是皇帝集美好的品质为一身的意思。

各位朋友，现在我们来看太和殿。太和殿是整座紫禁城中内级别最高的宫殿。只有皇帝举行盛大的典礼时才使用的。太和殿当时叫奉天殿，后来又改为太和殿。

各位请看，这座四角攒尖顶的大殿叫交泰殿。在大殿后面匾额上有“无为”二字，那是康熙皇帝的御笔，意思是希望后代能够以德制国，施以仁政，为国家效力!

各位朋友，故宫的讲解到此结束，希望下次你们也能带着好朋友一起来细细游赏!

欢迎你们来到中国历史文化名城——歙县。我是小导游郑晗，我会给大家带来旅途的快乐，让您无怨无悔!准备好了吗?请随我来吧!欲识金银气，多从黄白游。一生痴绝处，无梦到徽州。歙县是古徽州的州治所在地，历史悠久，人文荟萃，物产丰富，在历史上有“东南邹鲁”的美誉，是我国著名的文化和艺术之乡。现在，我们走在古城的西门，你们看到的是保存完整的瓮城。古城有内外城门和护城墙，两旁原有徽式的小肆，现在我们还能看出它的古色古香。走完瓮城，出现在大家眼前的便是一座古樵楼，俗称二十四根柱。传说古时候，有位知府，为了镇制不吉利的山势，就在徽州府堂正前方建造了这幢皇式楼阁。为了区别于皇城城楼，特地少造了两根柱子，只竖立二十六根。

谁知被人告状说是与皇帝分庭抗礼，结果以欺君之罪受酷刑而死。如今，这幢构造独特的古谯楼是歙县博物馆的馆址。再往前走就是徽州府府堂，你们现在看到的也许是一些废墟。这是歙县为保护徽州文化生态而开发的一个重要工程，就是在原来府衙地址上进行修复，恢复徽州文化古貌。这里将会成为历史文化名城的又一个旅游亮点。你们看!徽州府府堂的右方矗立着一座谯楼，叫阳和门，红石城墙，古朴典雅。走过阳和门，矗立在大家面前的就是气势磅礴的许国石坊，许国石坊建于明朝，南北长11.54米，东西宽6.77米，高11.4米。如此规模宏大、呈八脚结构的牌坊举世无双。坊主许国是三朝重臣。因平定云南边境叛乱有功，受到了“加恩眷酬”，回到老家歙县，建造了这座千古留名的大石坊。

“各位先生，各位女士，大家好，我是环球旅行社的一名导游，我姓覃，你们可以叫我覃导或小覃。今天由我来带领大家去故宫游玩。”

“故宫又称紫禁城，东西宽750米，南北长960米，面积达到72万平方米，差不多有一千五百多个篮球场那么大。故宫的城墙上有四个门，南边有午门，北边有神武门，东边有东华门，西边有西华门。”

“我们现在来到了太和殿，太和殿是故宫三大殿之首，建在五米高的汉白玉台基上，殿高36米，宽63米，面积2380平方米。大殿正中，两米高的台子上是金漆雕龙宝座，宝座背后是高雅的屏风。清明两代皇帝即位、诞辰以及春节、冬至等庆典均在此举行。”

“沿此继续前进，眼前的这座宫殿也是三大殿之一，它叫中和殿。该殿是一座单檐攒尖顶的方形殿。走廊列柱20根，黄琉璃瓦四攒尖顶，正中有鎏金宝顶。皇帝有事去太和殿前，先在此小憩，接受内阁、礼部及侍卫等朝拜。每逢各种大礼的前一天，皇帝也在此阅览奏章和祝辞。”

“这是保和殿，也是三大殿之一。清朝每年的除夕和元宵，皇帝在些宴请王公贵族和文武大臣，到乾隆年间，把三年一次的殿试由太和殿移到此处举行~~~~”

“好了，今天的故宫之行就愉快的结束了，祝大家玩得开心!”

大家好!一路辛苦了!首先，我代表旅行社欢迎各位来到福建省会---福州市旅游观光。我是中旅的导游。我姓×，大家叫我小×或×导都行。我旁边这位是我们的司机陈师傅，这两天都由我和陈师傅为你们服务，我们会尽最大的努力。希望我的工作能得到各位的大力支持，希望我们的服务，能使您的福州之行留下美好的回忆。

福州是一座拥有2200多年历史的名城。唐开元十三年设福州都督府始称福州。五代梁开平二年闽王王审知扩建城池，将风景秀丽的乌山、于山、屏山圈入城内，从此福州成为“山在城中，城在山中”的独特城市。“三山”成了福州的别名。

福州位于福建省东部闽江下游，是全省政治、经济、文化中心。全市总面积11,968平方公里，其中市区总面积1043平方公里;总人口480多万，其中城区人口116万。“因州北有福山”，故名福州，又因九百多年前就遍植榕树，“绿荫满城，暑不张盖”，故又有“榕城”的美称。现辖鼓楼、台江、仓山、马尾、晋安五个区和福清、闽侯、罗源、连江、长乐、平潭、闽清、永泰等二市六县。居民以汉族为主，还有畲、满、苗、回等二十多个少数民族。福州依山傍海，气候宜人，绿树长青，属暖湿的亚热带季风气候。年平均气温为19.6℃，最冷一月平均气温为10.5℃，最热七月平均气温28.6℃，年均降水量1342.5毫米。最佳旅游季节为每年4-11月。市区内有闻名全国的温泉。

各位团友，今天我讲解的内容是福州明清时期古建筑瑰宝----三坊七巷。

三坊七巷地处市中心，东临八一七北路，西靠通湖路，北接杨桥路，南达吉庇巷、光禄坊，占地约40公顷，现居民3678户，人口14000余人。三坊七巷是南后街两旁从北到南依次排列的十条坊巷的简称。三坊是：衣锦坊、文儒坊、光禄坊;七巷是杨桥巷、郎官巷、塔巷、黄巷、安民巷、宫巷、吉庇巷。由于吉庇巷、杨桥巷和光禄坊改建为马路，现在保存的实际只有二坊五巷。即使如此，在这个历史悠久的居民区内，仍然保留着丰富的文物古迹，保存一批名人故居和明清时代的建筑。在这居民区内，坊巷纵横，石板铺地;白墙青瓦，结构严谨;房屋精致，匠艺奇巧，集中体现了闽越古城的民居特色，是闽江文化的荟萃之所，被建筑界喻为一座规模庞大的明清古建筑博物馆。

“三坊七巷”是国家历史文化名城----福州的主要标志，被誉为明清古建筑博物馆。近代诗人陈衍诗云：“谁知五柳孤松客，却住三坊七巷间。”这大约就是“三坊七巷”的由来。

三坊七巷的民风民俗也是福州民风民俗的代表，许多节俗活动中心常集中在三坊七巷，它包括民间信仰、岁时节庆活动、建筑物中的民俗等。

“月光光，照池塘;骑竹马，过洪塘;洪塘水深难得渡，等妹撑船来接郎。问郎长，问郎短，问郎几时返?”这是唐朝观察使常衮作的一首民谣。它曾给居住在三坊七巷的几代百姓带来多少童年的回忆。直到现在，特别是老一辈人听到这首琅琅上口的民谣仍激动不已。

三坊七巷，以她近三百座的明清民居古建筑物闻名于世。古老的街巷，完整的坊里，配以古河道、古桥梁、古榕树，形成了古朴而富有特色的传统风貌，引起了国内外许多文物考古专家的广泛兴趣，成为游客前来福州的必到之处。可以说，她是“全国少见，江南仅有”。而老家在福州的海外游子，三坊七巷是他们魂牵梦绕、难以忘怀的故园乡土。

“三坊七巷”的路，绝对是小路，也许几百年来就是这样小，小得只能并排走两顶轿子吧!然而“山不在高，有仙则灵!”路不在大，有人则名。就是从这样的小巷里，历代走出了多少风流人物，多少英雄豪杰?他们走出幽深的坊巷，走向八闽大地，走向五湖四海，成就了一番大事业。他们为“三坊七巷”增光，“三坊七巷”也为有他们而骄傲。

三坊七巷的古建筑风貌主要表现在：石板深巷，青瓦粉墙，各式精雕细刻的门罩，风火墙式的多进院落，从高处府视犹如海上层层波浪，那此起彼落的万倾波涛既无比壮观又震撼人心。

三坊七巷不仅以她的古建筑闻名于世，她还代表了福州人重教育，好读书的优良传统，科举之盛，在全国也属罕见。南宋著名学者，被称为与朱熹、张轼齐名的东南三贤之一的吕祖谦，在福州写下了一首脍炙人口的诗篇：“路逢十客九青矜，半是同袍旧弟兄。最忆市桥灯火静，巷南巷北读书声。”这首诗也是三坊七巷的生动写照，说明了福州读书人之多，以及深夜苦读的生动景象。

“三坊七巷”是福州历史的的见证;“三坊七巷”是闽江流域人民智慧的结晶;“三坊七巷”更是福州人文荟萃的缩影。它记录了唐末五代时闽王王审知立国的史实，记录了宋末端宗南明隆武皇帝在福州称帝的经历。它吹洒着辛亥革命的风雨，传播着北京“五四”运动在福州的影响。这些坊巷内曾经居住过上百名高官显贵、学者名流，唐著名学者黄璞，宋理学家陈襄、晚唐诗人陈烈、状元郑性之、明抗倭名将张经、清巡抚沈葆桢、近代启蒙思想家严复等等都曾在三坊七巷居住过，还有黄花岗著名烈士林觉民。说到林觉民我们不能不提到他的《与妻书》。林觉民牺

大家好!我是你们今天的导游——林导，大家可千万不要叫我领导哦!我只是姓林的导游，哈哈!

Everybody is good! I am your tour guide, guide Lin today, you dont call me leadership oh! I just named Lin tour guide, ha ha!

我们今天要前往名胜古迹——故宫。在路程中，我就先简单介绍下故宫吧!

Today were going to places of interest, the Palace Museum. In the distance, I first simple introduce the Forbidden City!

古代故宫叫做紫禁城，因是清明两代的皇宫，所以十分高大雄伟，占地面积约有72万平方米。体质弱的客人们，可能没办法把故宫游完哦，希望大家能在车上多休息，争取游遍这72万平方米的故宫。

Ancient palace called the Forbidden City, because is qingming festival two generations of the palace, so very tall majestic, covers an area of about 720xx0 square meters. The guests in the constitution, may not be able to finish the imperial palace to swim oh, hope everybody can rest in the car, to bound for the 720xx0 square meters of the Forbidden City.

以前，故宫里住了很多人，有将军、战士、侍女……需要成千上万间房子，而且古代科技不发达，不像我们几十户人家只需一栋高楼大厦，他们只好建9000多间房子装下那么多人啦。

Previously, spent a lot of people in the Forbidden City, there are general, warriors, maid... Takes tens of thousands of houses, and the ancient science and technology is not developed, not like we just dozens of family a high-rise buildings, and they had to build more than 9000 house hold so many people.

皇帝是需要保护的，这故宫里的战士夜晚是需要睡觉的，无法保护。所以聪明的皇帝就在故宫周围建筑了52米宽的长长的护城河，敌人坐船也难过这条护城河。

The emperor is in need of protection, the soldiers in the imperial palace is the need to sleep at night, unable to protect. So wise emperor around the Forbidden City built a long a moat 52 meters wide, the enemy ships, also sorry to the moat.

故宫已被列入世界遗产的名录里。有许多外国游客，他们是不会乱扔垃圾、乱涂乱画的。希望作为中国人的我们，对不文明行为说“不”，为我们祖国争光吧!准备下车……

The Palace Museum has been on the world heritage list. There are a lot of foreign tourists, they wont litter graffito of the scribble,. Hope to be Chinese, we say "no" to uncivilized behavior, make our country proud! Prepare to get off...

Dear tourists, Hello! Im your guide. My name is Lin. please call me Linguide. Nice to meet you. Now Im going to show you around the Forbidden City inBeijing and enjoy our cultural heritage.

Now let me give you a brief introduction to the Forbidden City: theForbidden City is the imperial palace of Ming and Qing Dynasties in China, andit is also the largest and most complete ancient architectural complex. I hopeyou will be civilized tourists when you visit. Do not litter, do not touchobjects, so that we can enjoy the historical atmosphere of the ForbiddenCity.

Now we enter the gate of the hall of Supreme Harmony, and the grand palacesare at the banquet. The biggest wooden building in front of us is the hall ofsupreme harmony. It is a symbol of imperial power, whenever there are majoractivities, the emperor held here.

In the back of this row of resplendent palaces are Zhonghe hall and Baohehall. After touring the magnificent Taihe hall, you must be tired. Lets have arest here. You can walk around and have a look. Well gather at the gate of theRoyal Garden in 20 minutes.

Its time for a break. Everyones here. I want to ask if you can feel thestrong flavor of life here? All the daily necessities here were first-class atthat time, and the outdoor place in the harem was the imperial garden. Itspattern, compact layout, antique, dotted with flowers and trees. Very beautiful.Pavilions and pavilions depend on each other. Its a nice place with pure heart,elegant and pleasant.

This is the end of the tour. Have a good time! Thank you!

游客们，大家好，我是你们本次故宫浏览的导游——陈念之。大家如果有不懂的问题，请尽管问。在旅游前，请允许我提出几个进故宫应该注意的事项：

一、请不要抽烟。

二、请不要乱丢垃圾。

三、请不要随意离开队伍，以免掉队。

好，现在就开始游故宫吧!我先介绍一下故宫：故宫旧称“紫禁城”，始建于明永乐四年至十八年，也就是公元一四零六年到一四二零年。是明清两代的皇宫，封建皇朝的统治中心。紫禁城周长3400余米，城墙高10米，城墙下宽8。6米，上宽6。66米。大家走过护城河，就可以看到前朝的宫殿。前朝的宫殿以太和殿、中和殿、保和殿为中心。三大殿之后为内廷，有乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫以及东西六宫。乾清宫是皇帝的寝宫，其后的坤宁宫是皇后的寝宫。这三宫总称“后三宫”。我们可以在这儿多拍些照片，作为纪念。现在我们来到了故宫后面的御花园里。这里楼台亭阁，翠绿苍松，点缀着奇花异石，趣味盎然。远远望去，一重重黄色的琉璃瓦，一道道深红色的围墙，加上汉白玉栏杆和梁柱装饰，令人感到故宫规模宏伟，气象万千。

朋友们，本次浏览快要结束了，故宫欢迎大家下次光临!

现在我们来到的这所漂亮的庭院，就是1999年12月28日建成开馆的南阳汉画馆新馆。南阳汉画馆是我国第一座专门珍藏、陈列汉代画像石刻的艺术博物馆，创建于1935年，为中国早期艺术博物馆之一。它以丰富的藏品和独特的艺术风采，早已被海内外学者所瞩目，在社会上有着广泛的影响。老馆原在南阳市西郊的卧龙岗上，占地2700平方米。现在我们通过这座仿汉门阙，进入庭院，面前这座雄伟的仿汉建筑，坐西向东，南北宽118米，中间高21米，占地80亩，馆藏汉画像石刻近3000块，占全国的三分之一。目前开放的是一楼综合馆的基本陈列部分，其中国家一级品119件，是现今全国规模最大的汉画石刻艺术陈列馆。好，我们现在就步入画卷中，一览千古情。大家看，大厅里这二尊珍贵的大型石兽“天禄”、“辟邪”，已经饱经了20__多年的风雨沧桑，是全国绝无仅有的汉代大型圆雕艺术天之意。这两尊石兽虎头凤尾，鳞身双翼，造型古朴，栩栩栩如生。您千万别小看他们，这二尊石兽早在唐代就已经受到了世人的注目了，唐代李贤的《后汉书。孝灵帝纪》、北宋欧阳修的《集古录》、沈括的《梦溪笔谈》都曾提到这二尊汉雕石兽。

大家知道，南阳盆地地处豫、鄂、陕三省交会处，这里物产丰富，土地肥沃，河流纵横，气候适宜，水陆交通方便，自古就是我国经济、文化和科学技术先进的地区之一，也是著名的战略要地。早在战国时期，南阳的冶铁技术就已相当闻名，西汉时南阳冶铁、水利、农业生产又有了进一步发展，《盐铁论》称“宛(南阳)周齐鲁，商遍天下，富冠海内”，已成为全国显赫的最大的商业城市之一。东汉光武帝刘秀发迹于南阳，二十八宿(刘秀的二十八个主要将领)又多出自南阳一带，据不完全统计，两汉时仅分封在南阳的侯王就有47人。这些皇亲贵戚、豪族世家、巨户富商，生时极尽其欲，死更厚葬，竞相营造冥宅大墓。这样，始于西汉的墓内石刻画像之风，到了东汉就有了进一步的发展。封建统治阶级大讲排场，竞相厚葬，除在墓中多埋珍宝、偶人、车马供死人“享受”外，还推出了依照地面建筑的“周阁重门”式的大型画像石墓室，南阳汉画像石刻，就是依附这种石墓室而诞生、发展起来的一种独特的石刻艺术品。

南阳汉画像石刻涉及的题材非常广泛，表现的内容也异常丰富。由于南阳汉画像石刻采用的是以写实为主的艺术表现手法，因而可以说它是两汉社会的缩影，为我们研究两汉社会的政治制度、礼仪风俗、经济状况、宗教意识、文学书法、美术、音乐、舞蹈、杂技、武术、戏剧、建筑学、天文学、教育学、畜牧兽医学等，提供了珍贵的直观图象资料。这些汉画像石刻，雕造工巧，内容丰富，有显示汉代天文学成就的日月星辰图;有反映汉代歌舞杂技艺术的舞乐百戏图;也有高门甲第，连车列骑，宴客投壶的汉代统治者奢华生活场面;还有表现汉代统治阶级宠信道教、巫术的升仙图和神话传说。

我们首先进入的是祥瑞厅。汉初统治阶段中流行黄老思想，祟信道教、巫术，拜神仙，服仙丹，求长生不老，因此画像石中有不少表现升仙思想的画幅，看这幅“羽人神兽”图，画中刻绘有“羽人”、“飞廉”。羽人是为道学仙之人，身生几寸长的毛羽，能从地上自升到楼台之上，作飞天状。飞廉是一种神物，乘上它就可以升天，所以凡是表现神仙思想的地方，常常刻绘飞廉。南阳汉画像石中的飞廉，头似龙而非龙，身似鹿而非鹿，身生两翼后拖蛇尾，两只飞廉，一前一后追逐奔跑，神态生动自然。大家看这幅“神人骑虎射怪兽”图，能看出它的雕刻技法有什么与众不同之处吗?对，这叫阴线刻，在汉画像石中是不多见的。南阳汉画像石的雕刻技法多属于剔地并施有横竖纹衬地的浅浮雕，用粗劲的阴线表达画像的细部。画像构思大胆巧妙，线条运用刚柔得度，画像中的各种形象给人以古拙粗放，苍劲豪迈的感觉。早期的汉画像石，也有采用平地浅浮雕和阴线刻的雕刻方法，但这种画像石出土数量不多，因而也就越发显得珍贵。

各位游客：

大家好。

今天我们游览的是沈阳故宫。大家都知道沈阳是“一朝的发祥地，两代帝王都”满韵清风，历史气息浓郁。沈阳著名的建筑有“一宫两陵”而这一宫就是我们面前的这座雄伟建筑——沈阳故宫。

沈阳故宫初建时叫“盛京宫阙”，清迁都北京后又称“陪都宫殿”、“留都宫殿”，并被誉为“国初圣迹”。它始建于1625年（后金天命十年）建成于1636年（清崇德元年），是清太祖努尔哈赤和清太宗皇太极营造和使用的宫殿，1643年清世祖福临当年也是在这里即位称帝，改元“顺治”。所以沈阳也可以说是“一朝发祥地，三代帝王都”。

沈阳故宫占地面积6万多平方米，全部建筑100余所，500多间，按其布局可分为东路、中路和西路三部分。东路就是我们面前所看到的这部分建筑，它是努尔哈赤时期所建，具有浓郁的满族特色。东路的建筑主要包括大政殿和十王亭，大家看到广场中间的那个八角殿就是大政殿，大政殿又叫“大衙门”、“笃恭殿”，是努尔哈赤听政办公的地方。大政殿外高18米，下有1.5米高须弥座式台基，周围绕以雕刻精美的青石围栏。是一座八角重檐攒尖顶亭子式建筑，殿顶是黄琉璃瓦镶绿剪边，正中为宝瓶火焰珠攒尖顶，（宝瓶为佛教法器，被视为神圣之物，火焰珠为如意珠，据说得此珠者可以满足各种欲望。）重檐上下各有八条五彩琉璃垂脊，垂脊上各站着一个蒙古力士，面侧对宝顶，腿略弯曲，侧身牵引，象征着“八方归一”。两旁分列的10个亭子就是十王亭，从整体建筑布局上看，大正殿居中。两旁分列10个亭子，从北向南，呈八字形展开，在视觉上使大正殿更为深远，这种空间处理方式在中国宫殿建筑中仅此一例。十王亭又称“八旗亭”，有的游客可能会想八旗亭（东边为左翼王亭、镶黄旗亭、正白旗亭、镶白旗亭、正蓝旗亭。西边为右翼王婷、正黄旗亭、正红旗亭、镶红旗亭、镶蓝旗亭）该有八个亭子，那另外两个是什么亭子呢？在临近大正殿的左右两端的亭子分别是左翼王亭和右翼王亭，是左右两翼王爷办公的地方，八旗亭是八旗旗主办公的地方。这种把汗王听证的大殿与八旗王公大臣候朝议事的亭子建在一起的格局，正是努尔哈赤崛起之初实行军政合一的八旗制度所决定的。反映了努尔哈赤晚年一汗独尊，八和硕贝勒共治国政的历史风貌。

大家往西走来到的就是沈阳故宫的中路，中路的建筑主要是皇太极时期所建，在这里上演了很多的历史故事。沈阳故宫中路建筑自成体系，共有三进院落。由南向北依次是大清门、崇政殿、凤凰楼、清宁宫，他们都排列在一条中轴线上，两侧还有一些对称式的附属建筑。

大清门就是沈阳故宫的正门，俗称午门，我们刚刚就是从那进到故宫里面的，（大清门为五间硬山式建筑），在当时大清门是不可以像现在一样随便进出的。大清门不仅是当时文武群臣候朝的地方。也是皇太极接受群臣谢恩之处。当年，明朝著名将领洪承畴、祖大寿等降清后，就是跪在大清门前谢罪请降，候旨传召，受到皇太极的接见的。而当官员升迁或是获罪恩免时也都要在这里遥向北门“崇政殿”叩谢天恩。

大家看我们面前的这座庄严的大殿就是崇政殿，崇政殿原名“正殿”，俗称“金銮殿”，是皇太极日常处理军政要务、接见外国使臣和边疆少数民族代表的地方。崇政殿为五间九凛硬山式建筑，最引人注目的地方是殿顶的黄琉璃瓦绿剪边，墀头、搏风、鸱吻、山顶、殿脊的五彩琉璃构件，以及浮雕的各色行龙和奇花瑞兽，使得整个大殿更显高贵、肃穆，非常壮观。崇政殿另一个匠心之处就是前后的2根外檐柱上端的抱头梁部位做成龙形，龙首从柱头探出，龙身则穿过廊间直通殿内，两两相对，姿态生动，仿佛群龙从大殿飞腾而出，具有结构和装饰双重功能，设计的十分巧妙。

绕过崇政殿我们看到的这座高大建筑就是凤凰楼，凤凰楼的前庭处于“前朝后寝”的中间，是一个过渡性的院落，凤凰楼建在3.8米高的青砖台基上，台基共有24个台阶象征着24节气，每过24节气即过一年，皇帝每天都踩着这24节台基，寓意着大清的江山能历经千秋万代，凤凰楼是一座三层歇山式建筑，全高18.31米，原名叫“凤翔楼”，是皇太极休息、宴会和读书之所。1743年（乾隆八年）改成今名，凤凰楼正门上方悬挂的“紫气东来”金字横匾，是乾隆皇帝御笔，意思是大清朝国力强盛的福气是从东方的盛京来的，表达了清代帝王对祖先创业之地的顶礼膜拜。凤凰楼既是后宫的大门，又是当时盛京城的最高建筑，所以有“凤楼晓月”、“凤楼观塔”的传称，并被列为盛京八景之一。

穿过凤凰楼，我们现在所处的就是皇太极的后宫，是皇太极和后妃们的住所，后宫的整体建筑都高于前朝的宫殿，这种“宫高殿低”的特色反映了满族的则高而居的传统生活习惯。

对于后宫的特色建筑流行这样一句话：口袋房，万字炕，烟囱落在地面上。什么是口袋房呢？大家看我们面前的这座五间硬山前后廊式建筑就是清宁宫，大家看清宁宫一共有五间，而门并不是开在中间一间，而是设在东二间的南面，形如口袋。清宁宫原叫“正宫”，是沈阳故宫中最具满族住宅特色的建筑东一间是皇太极和孝端文皇后（博尔济吉特氏）的寝宫，（称暖阁）1643年（崇德八年）皇太极就端坐在南炕无疾而终。后葬于昭陵。万字炕又是怎么一回事呢？大家看清宁宫的西三间通连，北、西、南三面搭成相连的环炕，形如“万”字，所以人们就俗称为“万字炕”，那“烟囱落在地面上”又是怎么一回事呢？清宁宫的烟囱在清宁宫的后面，是从地面上垒起的，略低于房脊，一会我们可以绕过去看看。在当时是有这样一种禁令，所有百姓家的烟囱是不允许高过皇宫的烟囱的，寓意着大清王朝“一统天下”，

清宁宫两侧的东西配宫，（东配宫有关雎宫、衍庆宫，西配宫有麟趾宫和永福宫）是妃子们所居住的地方，其中最为著名的是庄妃居住的永福宫，因为1638年（崇德三年）清世祖福临就出生在永福宫。

（刚刚有游客问清宁宫庭院正门的南端的那根很高杆子是干什么的，那是索伦杆，满族人称它为“神杆”是满族人用来祭天的。祭天时在顶端的锡斗里放上五谷杂粮和猪的杂碎，已敬乌鸦，这反映了满族萨满教的灵禽崇拜观念，据说也和乌鸦救主的传说相关。）

接下来我们来到的是沈阳故宫西路，西路建筑是为了适应皇帝东巡的需求而增建的，建于乾隆年间，主要建筑有文溯阁，戏台、嘉荫堂和仰熙斋等，套院相接，多尔不乱，是文化气息较浓之处。

文溯阁建于1781年（乾隆46年）至1783年（乾隆48年），为西路建筑中的主体建筑，是仿照明代浙江宁波的大藏书家范钦的“天一阁”修建的，专门收藏乾隆时期编撰的大型图书《四库全书》，也是全国存放《四库全书》的著名七阁之一，阁名是乾隆帝钦定的，因其位于祖宗的发祥地“盛京”，所以取之“溯源求本”之意命名“文溯阁”。（《四库全书》分经、史、子、集四大部分，结构严谨，是我国古代文献中的珍贵遗产，对于弘扬和传播民族文化具有重要意义。）《四库全书》共撰写七部，其中一部就藏在文溯阁，1966年10月，基于战备考虑，辽宁省将《四库全书》秘密运至兰州，后移交到甘肃省图书馆。

文溯阁是硬山式建筑，面阔6间，外面看是重檐2层，在里面看则是3层，带有明显的江南建筑风格样式。与沈阳故宫其他建筑不同，文溯阁顶盖上用的是黑琉璃瓦绿剪边，这在沈阳故宫建筑中是独一无二的。根据五行八卦之说，黑是代表水，书最忌火，以黑瓦为顶象征以水克火之意。

文溯阁东方有方形碑亭一座，内立石碑一块。正面刻有乾隆帝撰写的《御制文溯阁碑记》，背面刻有乾隆撰写的《宋孝宗论》。碑文详细记录了建阁经过和《四库全书》的收藏情况。

文溯阁后为养媳在，是皇帝读书之所，阁前宫门外有嘉荫堂，左右有出廊，南面还有戏台，是乾隆、嘉庆时期皇帝东巡赏戏的场所。

各位游客朋友们，我的讲解到此结束，接下来大家可以自由活动，但是请大家一定要注意人身及财物安全，请大家谨记我们的集合时间和地点，谢谢大家！

各位旅客朋友们：

大家好！我是你们的导游，今天我们参观的是沈阳风景名胜之一的“沈阳故宫”

先来给你们介绍一下。沈阳故宫始建于1625年，是清朝入关前清太祖努尔哈赤、清太宗皇太极创建的皇宫。又称“盛京皇宫”。清朝入主中原后改为陪都宫殿和皇帝东巡行宫，现为沈阳故宫博物院。

沈阳故宫设在沈阳“井”字形大街的中心，分为三部分：东路为努尔哈赤时期建造的大政殿与十王亭。中路为清太宗时期建造的大中阙。西路是乾隆时期增建的文溯阁等。

现在就让我们从东路开始游览吧！

东路的大政殿是一座八角重檐亭式建筑。正门有两根盘龙柱，以示庄严。大政殿用于举行大典。十王亭则是左右翼王和八旗大臣办事的地方。

各位游客，现在我们来到了中路。中路的大中阙包括大清门、崇政殿、凤凰楼以及清宁宫、关睢宫、衍庆宫、庄福宫等。崇政殿俗称“金銮殿”，全是木结构，五间九檀硬山式，辟有隔扇门，前后出廊，围以石雕的栏杆，此殿是清太宗日常临朝处理要务的地方。

各位游客，现在我们来到了西路。西路是以文溯阁为主体，前有戏台、扮戏房、嘉荫堂，后有仰熙斋、九间殿。文溯阁是六间二楼三层硬山式建筑，是专为存清代百科全书而建的。

沈阳故宫博物院不仅是古代宫殿建筑群，还收藏了大量宫廷文物。

好了，先说这些，请大家细细欣赏。

大家好!我姓王，可以叫我王。今天我们即将游故宫，它于1987年被列为世界文化遗产。

看!现在我们面前的就是故宫。它又称紫禁城，是明清两代的皇宫，是世界上现存规模最大最完整的古代木结构建筑群。它始建于明永乐四年(公元1406年)，历时14年才完工，占地72万平方米。共有宫殿9999间。共有24位皇帝先后在此登基。

现在我们在故宫里最吸引人的三大建筑——太阳殿、中和殿和保和殿之间，它们都是黄琉璃顶和青白石底座，饰以金碧辉煌的彩画。告诉你们一个最近的发现：故宫所有的宫殿是沿着一条由南北向中轴线排列，并向两旁展开，南北取直，左右对称。这条中轴线不仅贯穿在故宫内，而且南达永定门，北到钟楼、鼓楼，贯穿了整个城市，气魄宏伟，规划严谨，极为壮观。故宫内现收藏的珍贵历史文物和艺术品约一百万件。更重要的是，故宫的建筑依据其布局功用分为外朝和内廷，外朝和内廷以乾清门为界，乾清门以南为外朝，北名内廷。外朝以太和殿、中和殿和保和殿三大殿为中心，此外两翼有文华殿、上驷院、南三所、武英殿、内务府等建筑。你恐怕会问，那内廷呢?别急，呆会到内廷区域内再说。

好了，我们现在可以说了。因为我们来到了内廷的中心——后三宫：乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫之间。内廷两翼有养心殿、东六宫、西六宫、斋宫、敏庆宫。它们虽和前面三大殿一样(黄琉璃顶和青白石底座)，但内部结构东为茶几桌子，西为椅子文物。后三宫后有御花园和神武门，神武门为北门，东门名东华门，西门叫西华门，正门是午门。

好了，现在进入自由浏览时间，时间为三个小时，请注意下几点：

1.不大叫、不乱跑、不乱摸、不乱碰、不乱扔垃圾;

2.保持安静;

3.按时回现在的地点集合。

时间过得真快，转眼该说再见了。游客们，再见!希望您下次再来北京，再到故宫游玩!

大家好，欢迎你们在这烈日炎炎的夏天来到这风景如画的周庄，在这里的每一刻每一秒，你都感到心旷神怡，大开眼界。喔-----对了，忘了介绍我的名字了，我叫张鸿瑞----你们的导游。

这个季节，柳树枝在清爽的风中摇曳，树叶在风中跳舞。这里到处都是水，号称江南水乡。大家都看过大海吧，它波澜壮阔，而周庄的水却静得出奇。周庄的水可真绿啊，绿得像一块无瑕的翡翠。《忆江南》一诗说得好：“春来江水绿如蓝，能不忆江南?”

在周庄里，不仅能欣赏到这些美景，最直接的感受，还是因为这些房子。

看着这些房子，似乎能感觉自己现在在清朝时期。这些房子虽然简陋，不如城市里的科技，但不知怎的，盯着这些房子，还能感觉到一种额外的美观。

夜晚，月光洒在这百年古镇上，使周庄变得更加古老而神秘。星星在天空中眨眼，月亮在黑夜里发出柔和的光泽。人们带着一天的欢欣和倦意，和着江南水乡一起进入了甜甜的梦乡。

快乐的时光总是过得非常快。你们一定流连忘返吧?但没关系，以后机会很多，希望你们常来!

各位游客你们好!欢迎来到北京故宫观光旅游，希望大家通过我的介绍，对北京故宫留下美好的印象，谢谢!

现在展示在你们面前的就是气势雄伟的故宫。故宫位于北京中心，又称紫禁城，这里曾居住过24位皇帝，是明清两代的皇宫，北京故宫是我国现存最大、最完整的古建筑群，总面积在12万多平方米，有殿宇宫室9999间半，其中最有名的是三大殿和天安门，宫殿四周围着高10米、长340米的宫墙，墙外引人注目的护城河有52米宽。

三大殿中的太和殿是最富丽堂皇的建筑，也称金銮殿。是皇帝举行大典的地方，殿高28米，东西63米，南北35米，有直径达1米的大柱92根，御座设在殿内高2米的台上，后面有精雕细刻的围屏，整个大殿金碧辉煌、庄严绚丽。

今天的观光旅游将结束，美丽的故宫欢迎您下次光临，谢谢!

尊敬的游客们!大家好!我是你们今天的导游，大家叫我于导游就行啦。

今天我们将要参观的是北京故宫，大家下车时请保管好随身物品准备下车，请不要随地吐痰，乱扔垃圾，注意安全。这就是故宫，又叫紫禁城，它坐落于北京市中心，为明清两代的皇宫，故宫的建设是以南京故宫为蓝本，从大江南北征调能工巧匠，经历了20xx年的时间才建成了故宫。

请大家走上台阶往下眺望，就可以看见故宫的全景了。故宫的平面是一个正方形，南北长961米，东西宽753米，占地面积约72万多平方米。大家请跟我来看一看四面筑有的城墙，它们周长3428米，墙高7.9米，底部宽8.62米，上部宽6.66米。大家请往上面看，上不外侧筑有雕刻，内侧砌墙宇。大家请随我来，请看墙外有一条宽52米，长380米的护城河环绕，构成完整的防御系统。大家请向东西南北四个方向看，宫城辟有四门，南面有午门是故宫正门，北面有神武门又叫玄武门，东面是东华门，西面是西华门。

大家往前走看到的就是太和殿了，太和殿为故宫第一大殿，俗称金銮宝殿，在北京故宫的中心部位，与中和殿和保和殿合称“故宫三大殿”。太和殿始建于明朝永乐四年，现存建筑是康熙三十四年所修的，明清两代皇帝即位、大婚、册立皇后以及元旦赐宴等大典均在此举行。

今天我们游览就到这，希望大家有时间去细细游赏其他宫殿。

谢谢!

欢迎来到曲阜。曲阜是我国古代伟大的思想家、政治家、教育家孔子的故乡，全国首批公布的24个历史文化名城之一。孔子有句名言：“有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎。”今天，我有幸为各位担任导游，十分高兴。我将尽力为大家提供满意的服务，不足之处，请批评指正。

曲阜概况 在参观“三孔”之前，请允许我把曲阜概况介绍一下：

曲阜地处鲁中山区和鲁西南平原的交界处，北依泰山，南引峄山，东连沂蒙群山，西俯千畴平原。地势东高西低，境内泗河、沂河等河流均自东向西流淌，自古就有“圣人门前倒流水”之说。物产丰富，景色宜人。大诗人李白曾描写曲阜：“笑夸故人指绝境，山光水色青如兰”。

曲阜历史悠久，早在五六千年前，我们的祖先就在这里繁衍生息，创造了人类早期的文明。不少古籍中，还有炎帝、少吴徙都于曲阜，黄帝生于寿丘(曲阜城东8里处)，舜于寿丘作什器的记载。可见，中国远古时代最有影响的三皇五帝中就有四人在曲阜留下了踪迹。尽管这是传说，但也并不是毫无根据的。从境内保存下来的20余处大汶口文化和龙山文化遗址中仍可见到我们的祖先征服自然的遗迹。“曲阜”一名最早见于礼记>>。东汉应劭解释说：“鲁城东有阜，委曲长七八里，故名曲阜。”商代前期，曲阜名奄，是商王朝的重要属国。周代自“封周公于曲阜”800余年，曲阜为鲁国都城，是当时我国一个重要的政治、经济、文化中心。春秋时期，孔子首创私人讲学之风，“弟子三千，贤者七十有二”遍及全国各地，又成了当时的教育中心。鲁国是曲阜历史上的黄金时期，以“礼仪之邦”著称于世，故山东省现仍沿用“鲁”作为简称。公元前249年，楚灭鲁，置鲁县，秦代属薛郡，西汉时为鲁国都，魏晋南北朝时为鲁郡治。隋开皇十六年(596年)，首定曲阜为县名。宋代改称仙源县，金代恢复曲阜县名至今。1986年撤县制，始称曲阜市。现面积为890平方公里，人口60余万。悠久的历史，灿烂的文化，给曲阜留下了大量的文物古迹，主要的有110余处，其中孔庙、孔府、孔林及鲁国故城遗址被列为全国首批公布的重点文物保护单位，另有11处列为全省重要文物保护单位。“三孔”还于1994年被联合国列为世界文化遗产。

新中国建立后，特别是党的十一届三中全会以来，党和国家领导人对曲阜的文物古迹十分关注，国家先后拨款3000多万元对“三孔”进行了全面修茸。近年来，为了大力发展旅游事业，曲阜又相继开发建设了孔子六艺城、论语碑苑、鲁国盛世华夏文化城等一批新的旅游景点，形成人文与自然景观，新老景点浑然一体，相映生辉的旅游资源新格局，成为中外游人向往的文化旅游胜地。

孔庙的第一座石坊叫“金声玉振坊”。孟子对孔子曾有过这样的评价，他说：“孔子之谓集大成，集大成者，金声而玉振之也”。“金声、玉振”表示奏乐的全过程，以击钟开始，以击磐告终，比喻孔子的思想集古圣先贤之大成。石坊上面莲花宝座上各刻有一个独角怪兽称“辟邪”，也叫“朝天吼”，这是封建社会王爵府第才可使用的饰物。

孔庙第一道门叫“棂星门”。“棂星”又名天田星，古人祭天，先要祭棂星。“棂星门”三个字为乾隆所书。“太和元气”坊同“金声玉振”坊差不多，题字为明代山东巡抚曾铣手书，赞颂孔子思想如同天地生育万物。此院东西各有一座腰门，东边上书“德侔天地一样大，他的学说古今来说都是最好的”。这座门叫“圣时门”，由此住里，有博大精深、深不可测之感。“圣时”二字，取>，“孔子，圣之时者也”句，意思是说，在圣人之中，孔子是最适合时代者。

过圣时门迎面小石桥，叫“璧水桥”，桥两侧偏南各有一座门，东门叫“快睹门”，是先睹为快的意思，西门叫“仰高门”赞颂孔子的学问十分高深。我们进入的大门，称“弘道门”，这三个字取自>“人能弘道”的句子，以此来赞颂孔子阐发了尧舜汤和文武周公之“道”。这道门也是明朝洪武十年(1377年)时孔庙的大门。再往后是“大中门”，大中门是宋朝时期孔庙的大门，原名叫“宫和门”，字的意思与孔子中庸之道的主张有关，由此门向南望去，一方面可以看到孔庙的历史沿革，一方面也可以看到孔庙的不断扩大，这些建筑既有清代建筑，也有明代建筑，还有宋代建筑，它们建的时代不同，工匠不同，但都互相配合，相得益彰，构成一体。看孔庙建筑，同时可以看到一部分中国封建社会的发展史。

这块碑立于明成化四年(1468年)，因此也叫“成化碑”，它为明宪宗朱见深所立，碑高6米，宽2米多。这块碑的特点是书法精湛，著称于世，并且碑文用论辩形式写成，在极力推崇孔子方面，可以说是之最。大家请看右上角，那上面写道：“联惟孔子之道，有天下者一日不可无焉”，又说：“孔子之道在天下，如布帛粟菽，民生日用不可暂缺”。这碑下面的动物不是乌龟，叫，是龙的儿子，特别能负重，所以用来驮碑，有句话讲“龙生九子不成龙”，在孔庙内，龙和龙的9个儿子，你都可以看到，当地的老百姓常来这里抚摸这，他们说：“摸摸的头，一辈子不犯愁，摸摸的腚，一辈子不生病”。

我们面前的这座木结构建筑名叫“奎文阁”，原是孔庙的藏书楼。“奎星”为二十八星宿之一，有星十六颗，“屈曲相钩，似文字之画”，后来人们把它演化为文官之首，封建帝王把孔子比作天上的奎星，所以孔子又称“历代文官主”。这座楼阁高23.35米，阔30.1米，深17.62米，三重飞檐，四层斗拱，构造坚固而且合理，康熙年间曲阜曾有过一次大地震，“人间房屋倾者九，存者一”，而奎文阁却傲然屹立，安然无恙，由此可见我国古代劳动人民的聪明智慧和高超的建筑艺术。

我们现在进入孔庙的第六进院落，展现在大家面前的是13座碑亭，南边8座，北边5座。亭内保存着唐、宋、元、明、清各代石碑共55幢，碑文多为皇帝对孔子的追谥加封、拜庙亲祭、整修庙宇的纪录，用汉文、八思巴文、满文等刻成。此排中间的这座碑，重约65吨，采自北京的西山，在当时，将如此重量的石碑从千里之外，跋山涉水，运至曲阜，不能不说是一个奇迹。此院东、西各有一门，是孔庙第三道腰门，为“东华门、西华门”。

我们现在进入大成门，“大成门”是指今天下之大成，这一排共有5门并列，最西边为启圣门，是供奉孔子父母的地方，中路大成门，又有“金声门、玉振门”相佐，中路为孔庙最中心的地方，东为承圣门，原为孔子故居。

大家知道，孔子是伟大的思想家，教育家、政治家，我们认为，孔子首先是个教育家，他是中国第一位老师，封建皇帝封他为“至圣先师”“万世师表”，应当说，他是全人类的老师，是名符其实的“人类灵魂工程师”。我们面前的“杏坛”，相传是当年孔子设坛讲学的地方，金代建亭作以纪念，著名文人党怀英书“杏坛”二字。坛侧有棵杏树，为后人所栽，每当初春时节，红花绽开，绿叶摇曳。所以乾隆皇帝来朝拜时，曾赋诗赞之，诗曰：重来又值籼开时，几树东风簇绛枝，岂是人间凡卉比，文明终古共春熙。

矗立在我们面前的大殿就是名扬天下的“大成殿”，它是中国的“三大殿”之一，与北京故宫的“太和殿”，泰山岱庙的“天贶殿”齐名，其雄伟壮丽有过之而无不及。殿高24.8米，阔45.78米，深24.8米，雕梁画栋，金壁辉煌，特别是周围28根石柱，为世界文化瑰宝，均以整石雕刻而成，前面10根为深浮雕，每柱二龙戏珠，盘绕升腾，栩栩如生，刀法刚劲有力，各具变化。过去皇帝来了，都是将此柱用黄布围裹。他们若看见恐怕也会自惭不如。两侧及后廊的龙柱为浅浮雕，每柱72条龙，总共1296条。大成殿内供奉着孔子塑像，两侧为四配，东西是复圣颜回、述圣孔及，西面是宗圣曾参和亚圣孟子。再外是12哲。每年9月26日、9月28日，我们都在这里举行盛大的国际孔子文化节和孔子诞辰纪念仪式，表演大型祭孔乐舞和“箫韶乐舞”，举行丰富多彩的文化、旅游活动，欢迎各位到时光临。

大成殿两侧的绿瓦长廊叫两半岛，共有80间房屋，是后世供奉先贤先儒的地方，在唐朝受供奉的只有20余人，到了民国多达156人，这些配享原为画像，金时改为塑像，明代改为木制牌位，期间被拆掉。现在两廊中主要存放汉画像石刻和著名古碑。最珍贵的是汉魏六朝石刻22块，如“五凤”“礼器”“乙瑛”“孔庙”“史晨”“张猛龙”碑等，都为国家级石碑，被视为书法艺术的极品，价值连城的瑰宝。最北面的两庑中，珍藏着584块石碑，叫“玉虹楼”法贴，是孔子68代孙孔继涑收集了历代著名书法家的手迹慕刻而成，具有极高的艺术价值。

寝殿是供奉孔子夫人亓官氏的专祠。圣迹殿是明万历年间，根据司马迁>编绘刻石的连环画，共有120幅。这是我国第一部有完整人物故事的连环画。

我们现在的位置是孔庙东路，这里当年为孔子故宅，这口水井为“孔子故宅井”，是当年孔子饮水之井，后人称为“圣水”。亭内的碑有乾隆“饮水拜师”和“故宅井赞”，乾隆8次来曲阜，竟有他5次题字。后面这座红色墙壁叫“鲁壁”，在秦始皇焚书坑儒时，孔子9世孙孔鲋把>等经典藏在此壁内，墙壁倒塌后被人发现，孔子经典方才留传于世。

这座殿堂叫“诗礼堂”，是当年孔子教儿子学诗学礼的地方，堂前有两棵宋代银杏树，当初孔府曾用这棵树的果实做菜，名叫“诗礼银杏”大家在品尝孔府菜时，千万不要忘了点这道菜，因为此菜的出处就在这个地方。

孔庙是一个巨大的文化博物馆，我们匆匆看一次，只可窥见一斑。不能观其全貌，尤其是不能会其神韵，那就留待各位以后再来时细细品味吧。下面我们参观孔府。

孔府即“衍圣公府”，也是世界文化遗产之一，全国重点文物保护单位。孔府大门与孔庙仅一墙之隔。孔府共占地240亩，有厅、堂、楼、房463间，在路布局，九进院落，东路为“东学”，西路为“西学”供游人游览的主要是中路。

“衍圣公”是北宋至和二年(公元1055年)宋仁宗赐给孔子46代孙孔宗愿的封号，这一封号子孙相继，整整袭封了32代，历时880多年。远在这封号之前，自西汉以后，历代封建王朝就给予孔子后代众多封赐，汉代曾封孔子后代为“奉礼君”“关内候”，魏晋南北朝又封“宗圣候、崇圣大夫”;唐朝封“文宣公”;宋代封“衍圣公”，到民国孔子77代孔德成时，改称“奉礼官”。“衍圣公”是我国封建社会享有特权的大贵族，被称为“天下第一家”，在明代，不仅班列群官之上，还特许在紫禁城骑马等。孔子的嫡系长支大多住在孔府，一直到1948年孔子77代孙孔德成离开曲阜，迁至中国台湾。

孔府大门上方高悬蓝底金字“圣府”二字。有趣的是门两边这幅对联：上联是“与国咸休安富尊荣公府第”，“富”字缺上面一“点”，寓“富不到顶”，下联为“同天并老文章道德圣人家”，“章”字一竖直通“立字”，寓“文章通天”。“与国咸休”“同天并老”，这是多大的气派!

孔府二门里，这座独具风格的门叫“恩赐重光门”，过去只有帝王大典、迎接“圣旨”时，此门才在13声炮声中徐徐启开，此门又称“仪门”或“塞门”。过去，一般官宦人家是不允许建的，只有封爵的邦君才能有其殊荣。

这个院子两侧的厅房，各挂有一个牌子，是孔府仿照建王朝六部而设的六厅，即管色厅、百户厅、典籍厅、司乐厅、知印厅、掌书厅。

孔府“大堂”，是“衍圣公”宣读圣旨、接见官员、审理重大案件，举行重大仪式的地方。正中太师椅上，披铺斑斓虎皮，长桌上置文房四宝、印章令箭，两旁摆满各种兵器、更鼓、云牌、龙旗、官衔木牌，象征着孔府的种.种特权，甚是威严。

二堂，也叫后厅，是当年衍圣公会见四品以上官员的地方，里面的石碑和牌匾是清朝光绪、慈祥太后等封赐给衍圣公及夫人的。二堂东边为启事厅，为正四品官，负责上传下达，西边为伴官厅，为正七品，据说，过去官员赴京朝拜天子，一般只允许一主两伴，而只有“衍圣公”可以一主四伴。

三堂，也叫退厅，也是衍圣公私设公堂，处理家庭内部事务的场所。以上三个大堂，层层叠进，很是森严，足显出孔府的圣威和显赫。

三堂过后，我们进入“内宅”，在过去，内宅绝对不许擅入，有皇帝赐给的虎尾棍、燕翅镗、金头玉棍，由十几人轮流把守，有不遵令入内者，“打死勿论”。内宅门西边这个水槽叫石流，过去挑水夫不得进入内宅，只把水倒进石流，淌入内宅。

内宅门的内壁上画着一个形似麒麟的动物，叫“贪”，是传说中的贪婪之兽，能吞下金银财宝，你看它连八仙的宝物都吃掉了，还要去吃太阳。据说当年“衍圣公”出门时，都要驻足观看此画，并有人喊“过贪门”，以戒要清正廉洁，不要贪脏枉法。这对于我们现在的官员和“公仆”们，是不是也有借鉴和启发呢?

这是前上房，有正厅7间，是孔府主人接待至亲和朋友的地方，当年孔府戏班在此演戏，东侧间有乾隆皇帝送给孔府的荆根床，桌上有同治皇帝圣旨原件，中间是404件满汉全席餐具，菜多达196道，可想孔府菜之丰盛。西里间，为衍圣公签阅文件之处。

前堂楼是七间二层楼阁，富丽堂皇，室内陈设布置，全为当年原貌，内有珍奇书画墨宝、古玩衣冠，里套间为孔子后代孔令贻夫人陶氏卧室，这是孔德成先生的生母，至今尚有她的照片，她原是孔府丫环，后被纳妾，生下孔德成，但被陶氏害死。西套间是孔令贻另一夫人丰氏的卧室，此人一生无声无息，27岁就死去了。

这个院子是后堂楼，各有配楼三间，后堂楼是孔德成先生当年结婚的地方，堂中陈列着当年结婚的用品和名人赠送的礼品和题字。孔德成结婚时，正值西安事变期间，本来蒋介石先生要亲自参加婚礼，但遭到抗日将领张学良、杨虎成的逮捕，自然，他也就不能参加这最后一代衍圣公的隆重婚礼了。

我们现在参观孔府后花园，它建于明弘治16年(公元1503年),由吏部尚书太子太傅,也是孔子62代孙衍圣公孔闻韶的亲家李东阳设计监工建造的,到了明嘉靖年间,太子太傅、吏部尚书、当朝权臣严嵩又助修建，严嵩的孙女嫁给了孔子64代衍圣公孔尚贤为一品夫人。到了清代，乾隆将自己的女儿嫁给了72代衍圣公孔宪培，又为修建孔府花园大动土木，经过前后三次大修，花园成了现在的规模，面积比北京故宫的花园还要大些。这里面有各种奇花异草，古树名石如“五柏抱槐”“太湖石假山”等，请各位随意观赏一下。

孔府存有大量无比珍贵的文物，尤其是十余万卷孔府档案，更是稀世文物，为了保护这些文物，在李瑞环同志特此下，拨款修建了孔府档案馆，现在，这些文物和档案得到了很好的保存。

北京故宫英文导游辞

FORBIDDEN CITY(紫禁城)

(In front of the meridian gate)

Ladies and Gentlemen:

I am pleased to serve as your guide today.

This is the palace museum; also know as the Purple Forbidden City. It is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in China today. Under Ming Emperor Yongle, construction began in 1406. It took 14years to build the Forbidden City. The first ruler who actually lived here was Ming Emperor Zhudi. For five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when Qing Emperor Puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .In 1987, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization recognized the Forbidden City was a world cultural legacy.

It is believed that the Palace Museum, or Zi Jin Cheng (Purple Forbidden City), got its name from astronomy folklore, The ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the Ziwei Yuan(North Star). The constellation containing the North Star was called the Constellation of Heavenly God and star itself was called the purple palace. Because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. In folklore, the term ”an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, LaoZi, to the Hanghu Pass. Here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. The word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.

The red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. Red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. Yellow is the color of the earth on the Loess Plateau, the original home of the Chinese people. Yellow became an imperial color during the Tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.

The Forbidden City is rectangular in shape. It is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west. It has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters .A 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex. Octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall. There are four entrances into the city: the Meridian Gate to the south, the Shenwu Gate(Gate of Military Prowess) to the north, and the Xihua Gate(Gate of military Prowess) to the north, and the Xihua Gate(Western Flowery Gate )to the west ,the Donghua (Eastern Flowery Gate) to the east.

Manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the Forbidden City. A total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed. Marble was quarried from fangshan Country Mount Pan in Jixian County in Hebei Province. Granite was quarried in Quyang County in Hebei Province. Paving blocks were fired in kilns in Suzhou in southern China. Bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in Shandong Province .Timber was cut ,processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions.

The structure in front of us is the Meridian Gate. It is the main entrance to the forbidden City. It is also knows as Wufenglou(Five-Phoenix Tower). Ming emperors held lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of the Chinese lunar year in hornor of their counties .They also used this place for punishing officals by flogging them with sticks.

Qing emperors used this building to announce the beginning of the new year. Qing Emperor Qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremony from ban li(announcement of calendar)to ban shou(announcement of new moon )to avoid coincidental association with another Emperor` s name, Hongli, which was considered a taboo at that time. Qing Dynasty emperors also used this place to hold audience and for other important ceremonies. For example,when the imperial army returned victoriously from the battlefield ,it was here that the Emperor presided over the ceremony to accept prisoners of war.

共8页，当前第1页12345678

昌阁经历多次维修，康熙八年(1669年)，三十一年(1692年)，嘉庆四年(1799年)，。道光二十二年(1842年)都维修过。民国年间失修，沦为驻兵和监禁进步人士的地方，机关有时也占用。解放后，在这里办过“文昌阁小学”。1976年秋阁楼宝顶被雷击落，随宝顶一起被击落的东西有：历书、茶叶、五谷及钱币等。历书现被省博物馆收藏，宝顶陈列在阁内二楼。1983年贵阳市政府维修，1988年全面对外开放，1997年被开辟为贵阳市钱币博物馆，20__年贵阳市政府再次维修，现阁内一层有“中国名楼名阁图片展”。1981年经市政府批准，列为第一批市级文物保护单位，1982年又经贵州省政府核定，公布为省级文物保护单位，20__年被列为全国重点文物保护单位。

各位游客，历经战乱的浩劫和岁月的洗礼，文昌阁仍然屹立于贵阳的东门，成为贵阳九门四阁中保存最完整的历史遗迹，我们参观的不仅仅是一座古色古香的建筑，更是品鉴历史遗留下来的艺术品。希望大家下次再来的时候带上孩子，来祭拜文昌帝君。如果还有什么疑问，可以单独问我，感谢大家对我工作的的支持和理解，最后，祝大家旅途愉快，一路平安!再见!

Dear guests

Hello! Entrusted by the tourism and reception departments, I would like toextend a warm welcome to all the guests visiting Qufu, a famous city. I am veryglad to be accompanied by a tour guide. This is a good opportunity for us toenjoy and study together. Please leave your valuable comments after reading.

First of all, I would like to briefly introduce the history and culturalrelics of Qufu.

Qufu, a famous historical and cultural city, is the hometown of Confucius,a great thinker, educator, politician, literature arranger and sage of the worldin ancient China, the hometown of Mencius, the birthplace of Xuanyuan YellowEmperor, the ancestor of the Chinese nation, the capital of Yan Emperor, thehometown of Shang and Yin, and the capital of Lu. Four of the three emperors andfive emperors lived and worked here for more than 5000 years. There are abundanttreasures underground and numerous cultural relics on the ground. At present,there are 112 cultural relics, including UN protected units, 3 World CulturalHeritage sites, 4 national protected sites, 12 provincial protected sites, andothers protected at prefecture level.

The most important ones are "three Confucius, two temples and onemausoleum", "three mountains, two forests and one temple". Confucius Temple,Confucius Mansion and Confucius forest are commonly known as "three Confucius".There are temples dedicated to Zhou Gong, the sage of the Yuan Dynasty in China,and temples dedicated to Fusheng Yanhui, the first disciple of Confucius, whichare commonly known as "two temples"; Yiling is SHAOHAO mausoleum in Shouqiu, thebirthplace of Yellow Emperor; Sanshan; and Jiuxian mountain (also known asJiushan), the birthplace of Confucius. The second forest is: mengmulin, the bestmother to educate children in the world, lianggonglin, the burial place ofConfucius parents; "Yisi" is the place where Li Bai and Du Fu wrote poems,answered correctly and parted. The famous scholar Kong Shangren lived inseclusion in Shimen temple, the national garden.

Now lets look at the Confucius Temple.

Confucius Temple, also known as Zhisheng temple, is a place for offeringsacrifices to Confucius and his wife Qi Guan and 72 sages. Together with theForbidden City in Beijing and Chengde summer resort in Hebei, Confucius Templeis known as Chinas three major ancient architectural complexes. Experts saidfour words to Confucius Temple: the oldest, the most grand, the most completepreservation, and the most prominent Oriental architectural features. Twoproblems can be seen from the Confucius Temple: one is the great contribution ofConfucius to China and even the oriental culture; the other is that China hascraftsmen in history.

Confucius Temple was built in 478 BC, the year after Confucius died. In theformer residence of Confucius, three temples were built to display Confuciusclothes, cars, books and so on. The Confucius Temple was expanded by emperors ofall dynasties, including 15 major repairs, 31 medium repairs and hundreds ofminor repairs, reaching the present scale. The Confucius Temple imitates theimperial palace. It is divided into three layout, nine courtyards. It has 466houses and 54 gates and pavilions. It runs through a central axis from east towest. There are nearly one thousand steles, covering an area of 327.5 mu, whichis two Li and 150 meters long. The Confucius Temple we see now is the scale ofthe Hongzhi period of the Ming Dynasty. After liberation, the state allocatedfunds for maintenance and protection for many times. The first batch of nationalkey cultural relic protection units announced by China were listed as worldcultural heritage in December 1994, and became cultural relic units protected bythe United Nations. Confucius Temple has been built for a long time, has a largescale, and is completely preserved, which is rare in the world.

Shinto. "Wanren palace wall" before the ancient cypress vigorous thissection of the road is "Shinto". In front of important temples, there is aspecial way of respecting and understanding, which is called "Shinto".

Wanren palace wall. This gate is the South Gate of Ming City in Qufu, andit is also the first gate of Confucius Temple. It is hung with the fourcharacters of "Wanren palace wall", which was written by Emperor Qianlong ofQing Dynasty. It comes from Zi Gong, the proud disciple of Confucius. At themeeting of the state of Lu, it was proposed that Zigongs knowledge was broadand profound, which could be compared with Confucius. Zigong stood upimmediately and said, I dare not compare with my teacher Confucius. Humanknowledge is like a wall. My wall is only one Ren high, and my teachers wall isseveral Ren high. That is to say, my knowledge is equal to a shoulder high,clear at a glance, nothing profound; Confucius knowledge is several times asmuch as mine, after detailed research, comprehensive discussion, we canunderstand all of him, after entering the door, we can see the beauty of thetemple, you cant see it outside the door. In order to describe Confuciusprofound knowledge, later generations changed from the masters wall to "hundredRen" and "thousand Ren" to the emperor of Ming Dynasty who granted Confucius thetitle of "civil servant in the world, imperial teacher of all dynasties", andpraised Confucius knowledge as "ten thousand Ren". Looking up, we cant see thetop. It also said that the wall was very solid. These four words were originallywritten by the imperial envoy of Ming Dynasty. In order to show that he attachedgreat importance to Confucius, Qianlong replaced his imperial pen with hispersonal letter "Wanren palace wall".

Jin Sheng Yu Zhen Fang. This workshop was built in Ming Dynasty to expressConfucius exquisite and perfect knowledge, just like the whole process ofplaying music, which is complete from beginning to end. Ancient music beginswith the ringing of a bell, which starts with the sound of "the beginning oforder" and ends with the striking of a chime. The sound of "jade vibration" isthe sound of the falling of the chime, which is called "the end of order".Praising Confucius knowledge is a great achievement of the sages and sages, soit is called "the sound of gold and the sound of jade vibration". The sound of"golden sound" is the sound of the bell, which starts with the sound of "jadevibration" and ends with the sound of the chime. This is also the source of theidiom "start and finish". "Jin Sheng Yu Zhen" was written by Hu zuanzong, agreat calligrapher in Ming Dynasty.

"Two cypresses bear one hole". There is an ancient cypress in the East andwest of the single hole stone arch bridge passing yuzhenfang, so it is called"two cypresses bear one hole". This bridge is called "Panshui bridge", which isconnected with the water in the pan pool beside the palace, so it is called "panwater". In the past, when I read the book of Confucius and Mencius, I wasadmitted to higher education, which is called "entering hope". Officials hope tobe promoted, do business, hope to get rich, and live a prosperous life.

Dismount monument. Outside the temple wall, there are two stone tablets,the Xiama tablet and Xiajiao tablet, which were set up in 1191 ad. The stele inthe West had been destroyed, and the stele in the East said, "officials andpeople wait to get off here.". In the past, civil and military officials andcommon people passed by, dismounted and walked on foot to show respect forConfucius and Confucius Temple.

Lattice star gate. It was built in the Ming Dynasty and rebuilt in 1754 ad.it was made of wood instead of iron and stone. "Lingxingmen" was written byEmperor Qianlong. It is said that there are twenty-eight constellations in thesky. Among them, there is a star in charge of culture called "Lingxing", alsoknown as "Wenqu star" and "tianzhenxing". It connects Confucius with the star incharge of culture in the sky and says that he is the highest in culture. Forexample, in the past, when worshiping heaven, we should first worship "Wenqustar". There is a saying that respecting Confucius is like respectingheaven.

Taihe Yuanqi square. This workshop was built in 1544 A.D. in the MingDynasty. It highly praises Confuciuss idea that "the space universe can nurtureall things.". "The harmony of heaven and earth, the harmony of the four sides,the harmony of yin and Yang" is the most basic thing, the harmony of theuniverse and the vitality of the human world. "Taihe Yuanqi" is written by ZengMian, governor of Shandong Province.

The most holy temple. The "Zhisheng Temple Square" built in the MingDynasty is made of white marble, decorated with flame jewels.

The world of moral Mou, the road crown ancient and modern. The East andwest of the Taoist temple are lined with a very strange memorial archway.Surrounded by wooden corner edges, there are a thousand heads and ten thousandcontinuations. There are eight monsters under it, which are called "Heavendragon and God lion". It is said that it is dignified and inspired, which candrive away evil and uphold justice. In the eastern memorial archway, it waswritten: "demou heaven and earth", saying that the benefits of Confucius ideasto human beings are as high as heaven and earth, and the merits and virtues canbe compared with heaven and earth. The memorial archway in the West reads"Daoguan ancient and modern", praising Confucius thoughts and methods, whichare the highest in the world.

Holy time gate. The three gates are parallel, the four platforms are thesame as above, and the central Panlong. The name of this gate comes fromMencius. For the four ancient sages, Boyi, Yiyin, liuxiahui and Confucius,Mencius summed up the Four Saints holy deeds into four sentences: Boyi is thesage of the Qing Dynasty, Yiyin is the sage of the appointed, liuxiahui is thesage of the sum, and Confucius is the sage of the time. "Shengshi" highlypraises Confucius thought, advocates enduring, and is a sage suitable for thetimes. When the emperor came to Qufu to court Confucius, he had to kneel downthree times and knock nine times, and walk through the gate of holy time. WhenYan Shenggong was born, he opened the gate of holy time. All go fast, the gateis high.

Lets have a quick look at the gate. That is to say, Confucius knowledgeof "Five Classics and four books" means that those who learn first have culturefirst, and those who learn first have knowledge first. They compete to learn,and it is a pleasure to see first and read first.

Look up at the door. It was named after Yan Huis praise of Confucius. YanHui said that the teachers way is to raise the top and drill the bottom. PraiseConfucius for his lack of knowledge, which is called "Mi Gao". It is difficultto understand classical Chinese, which is called "Mi Jian". Gao is notunattainable, but can be learned through hard work. Yan Hui said, "the masterfollowed the rules and was good at attracting people. He learned from me inwriting and said that I was polite." My teacher is good at persuasion, teachingme culture and courtesy.

Han stone man. In the pavilion of yanggaomenli, there are two Han stonepeople with high historical value. One is the "Pavilion leader" (a localofficial of Han Dynasty), and the other is the pawn of the palace gate. They areall guards in front of the tomb of the king of Lu. The stone man is valued bythe ancient scholars of epigraphy, which is of great value to the study of HanDynasty clothing and writing.

Jinshui bridge, this bridge, with the same name as the bridge in front ofthe Forbidden City, is also called Jinshui bridge, also known as Bishui bridge,with three holes arranged in a row and green water rippling.

Hongdaomen. Crossing jinshuiqiao is the "hongdaomen" appointed by theemperor of Ming Dynasty, which means "people can promote Taoism, not Taoism" inthe Analects of Confucius. Confucius is an ordinary literati, why become asaint? Praise Confucius summed up the experience of sages, especially carryforward the Yao, Shun, Yu Tang, civil and military Zhou Gongs way. "To say thatpeople can command and create everything is to praise peoples subjectiveinitiative." There are two stone tablets under the Hongdao gate. The four edgedstone tablet in the East is the "history of Qufu", which records the history ofQufus evolution. It was established in the Yuan Dynasty and has high historicalvalue. In the west is the "epitaph of Mr. Chushi", which has high calligraphyvalue.

Big middle gate. Dazhongmen is the gate of Confucius Temple in SongDynasty. It is called "Zhonghe gate", which means that problems can be solvedeasily with Confucius thoughts. In the Ming Dynasty, the temple was renamed as"the great gate of the middle", praising Confucius knowledge as a collection ofhuman knowledge. In the middle, it means "the right way of the world in themiddle, the theorem of the world in the middle". Those who leave the middle arenot the right way, but the evil way. That is to say, no left, no right, fair andjust, forward is the mean. There are two turrets at the East and West ends ofDazhong gate, which are used to guard the Confucius Temple.

Tongwenmen, four famous brands, Confucian temple. There are four monumentsin the middle gate. The tablet of Hongzhi in the west of the Ming Dynasty talksabout the ethics of the cardinal principles. On the right side of the Hongzhimonument is the "Confucian temple map" drawn by Li Dongyang, a talented man ofthe Ming Dynasty in Changsha, Hunan Province, which is of high value.

Chenghua stele was erected by Zhu Jianshen, the emperor of Chenghua in MingDynasty. There are two situations that have attracted the attention ofcelebrities of all ages. First, Chenghua tablets regular script is wellwritten, standardized, exquisite and attractive; The second is the highestevaluation of Confucius. Emperors of all dynasties have commented on Confucius.The highest evaluation is emperor Chenghua. He compares Confucius ideas andmethods to eating, dressing and spending money. One day is inseparable fromthem. With Confucius principles and methods, one can make the best use of onestalents, materials and land. Otherwise, it will be a mess. It is said that ifthere is Confucius way, there will be a world. If there is no Confucius way,there will be no world. If there is anti Confucius way, there will be no world.Such as the inscription said: "I only have Confuciuss way, the world can not bewithout Yan, there is Confuciuss way, then the principle of justice and ethics,everything has its own place..., Confuciuss way in the world, such as cloth SuShu, peoples livelihood daily use can not be short of,... Born Confuciusvertical for the holy, lifes safety, benevolence and righteousness in theright, the rise of the teachers way, from travel 3000, to the holy is thenext."

Tongwenmen. The meaning of the word "human heart" is the same as that ofthe text. That is to say, only with concerted efforts and unity can we do a goodjob; the writing should be unified, only with unified writing can we record theexperience of historical communication, and random writing will lead toconfusion. Tongwen gate is an important barrier in front of Kuiwen Pavilion.

Kuiwen Pavilion, originally a library, is a place for collecting booksgranted by the emperor. It was built in the second year of emperor Tianxi ofSong Dynasty (A.D. 1018), and was changed into "kuiwenge" when Jin Zhangzongrebuilt it. This unique and majestic building is entirely of wood structure,which is an isolated example in the construction of China building. Afterseveral earthquakes, kuiwenge was not destroyed. In the earthquake of Kangxi 5years in Qing Dynasty, "nine out of ten houses fell, one out of ten remained,and kuiwenge remained motionless.". Li Dongyang, the Minister of the Ministry ofofficial in Ming Dynasty, wrote "kuiwenge Fu", praising the architecturalresearch value of kuiwenge. Its the stele at the east end of the corridor.

In front of the pavilion, the eastern and Western courtyards are called"zhaisu", which is a place for worshippers to fast and bathe. Dongyuan is theresidence of Yan Shenggong, where Kangxi and Qianlong spent their time to wash.The West courtyard is the shelter of the sacrificial staff. Kong zhaoxun, theseventy-one generation grandson of Confucius, inlaid more than 130 steles in thetemple for worshiping Confucius in the song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties onthe wall of the courtyard, so xizhaisu is also known as the stele courtyard.

Thirteen stele pavilions. This is the sixth courtyard of the ConfuciusTemple. There are 55 steles in the pavilion, which were erected in Tang, song,Jin, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. The contents of the steles are the emperors,Imperial Envoys worship of Confucius, the posthumous title and evaluation ofConfucius. The records of the previous construction of the Confucius Temple arewritten in Han, Manchu, Mongolian and basiba languages. Eight in the South andfive in the north, so it is called thirteen stele pavilions. Because they areall steles approved by the emperor, they are also called imperial stelepavilions. The third and sixth pavilions in the front row from the East werebuilt in the Jin Dynasty and are rare buildings in China. All the steles arecalled "imperial steles". "Mian" is the mascot. It is said that the Dragon Kinghas nine sons, and it is the eighth son. It loves "Wen" and is good at carryingheavy loads. The stone tablet has heavy characters, which is suitable for itscharacteristics. The image should be the dragon head, turtle body, Eagle leg andsnake tail.

From the east to the north, the third Pavilion is a monument erected byEmperor Kangxi. Beijing Xishan stone by the Grand Canal, economic South andtransported here. Experts calculate that the monument weighs 130000 Jin. It wassplashed with water and frozen along the way from Jining. Sometimes it came overon the ice and only went to the land of lying cattle one day. Qufu originallyhad good stones, which should be transported from Beijing to show the emperorsattention to Confucius. There are two steles in the southeast and southwest ofthe courtyard, all of which are the records of the princes and ministers whobuilt temples and worshipped Confucius. The calligraphy value is very high.

There is one gate in the East and one in the west, Yucui gate in the Eastand Guande gate in the West. Commonly known as Donghuamen, xihuamen.

From here, the Confucius Temple is divided into three routes. The fivegates are Dacheng gate, Jinsheng gate on the left, Yuzhen gate on the right,Qisheng gate on the West and Chengsheng gate on the East. The architecturalstructure of dachengmen is "intertwined, intriguing". The center is inserted as"hook center", and the top of the left and right four corners is "bucket angle".The three characters of dachengmen were written by Emperor Yongzheng. PraiseConfucius is a collection of sages and sages, reached the supreme realm.

The first teacher planted juniper by hand. The tall and vigorous cypresstree on the left of Dacheng gate was planted by Confucius. According to records:Confucius cut three cypress trees here. In the second year of Jin Zhenyou (A.D.1214), they were destroyed by fire. The trees withered and sprouted newbranches. There were "three withers and three glories", and there was a sayingthat "cypress trees were flourishing every day.". During the Wanli period of theMing Dynasty, Yang Guangxun, a gifted scholar, wrote five characters: "the firstteacher planted cypress by hand.".

Two long corridors. On both sides of the two equal rows of houses, a totalof 80, known as the "East and West veranda", is dedicated to 72 sages. Confuciusis known as a disciple of three thousand, 72 people who are proficient in sixarts, literature and martial arts, worshipped in the East and West. All theemperors of the past dynasties were entitled to the sages. Such as DongZhongshu, Han Yu, Wang Mingyang, Zhuge Liang, Kou Zhun, Yue Fei and so on. Bythe time of the Republic of China, there were 156. The last sage is Mr. LiangQichao. The original statues and tablets were changed to wooden tablets.Dongxiwu now displays a collection of Zhonggui stone carvings before the SongDynasty. The most precious national treasures of Zhou gongxunzi and batpracticing medicine are 22 stone inscriptions of Han and Wei dynasties. The"ritual stele", "Yiying stele", "Shichen stele", "Zhang Menglong stele" and "MiFu stele" with extremely high calligraphy value are rare treasures. There aremore than 100 pieces of "Han Dynasty stone carvings" on display in Xiwu. Theyare all well-known art treasures and precious materials for the study of Han,Wei and other historical and social life. There are 584 stone inscriptions ondisplay at the north end of the East veranda, which are the yuhonglou sutraswritten by Kong Jisu, the 69 generation grandson of Confucius.

Apricot altar. It was built in memory of Confucius lecture. Confucius wasteaching to his disciples on the platform under the big apricot tree. In 1018A.D. of Song Dynasty, Confucius had 45 generations

Everybody is good! I am Forbidden City tourism YanJian you can call me xiaoyan tour guide, I want to go with you today Beijing famous scenic spots: the Forbidden City. We went there today: taihe palace, zhonghe palace and Baohe Palace.

I mainly introduce the palace first: Beijings Forbidden City, is one of the worlds largest and best preserved ancient palace complex, is the highest level of ancient Chinese architecture. Beijing the imperial palace, the Ming dynasty yongle four years (1406), was built in the eighteenth year (1420), is the imperial palace during the Ming and qing dynasties, the timely according to the Forbidden City, beginning in 1925, according to the Forbidden City. Ancestor cheng, Beijing from 1421 to 1911 revolution to overthrow the qing government, the last emperor pu yi out of the palace, to end the rule of feudal dynasty in Chinese history, the palace has been the ruling class of the political and cultural center of China, has experienced the 24 emperors.

The Palace Museum covers an area of 720xx0 square meters, construction area of 150000 square meters, the existing buildings of more than 980, have house more than 8700, around the Forbidden City around 10 meters high walls, and there are more than 50 meters wide moat. The middle of the Ming and qing dynasties imperial palace was built in the city, to the north and the south central axis, faces south, which fully reflect the supreme imperial power of the feudal rule, outside the Forbidden City is emperor city, outside the imperial city and Beijing city, the city surrounded by city, shows the guarded hierarchy. In history, the Forbidden City has repeatedly reconstruction for fire and other reasons, but the basic pattern has not changed, the entire palace after the building is divided into north and south power at the two parts. Power with taihe, neutralization, and three main halls, are the three main halls in the Forbidden Citys tallest building, it is the place where the emperor held a major ceremony, is the symbol of the feudal imperial power.

Back to the palace of heavenly purity, tai temple, palace of earthly tranquility of delivery as the center, around something natural to wing, is the emperor, empress, wives, princess lived. Power after the katyn, clear-cut, cannot overstep casually, embodies the ancient Chinese traditional hierarchical, both inside and outside have other ethics. Craftsman will such a large scale of Chinese architecture planning in order to use heavy doors and courtyard to the imperial palace and orderly combination into the magnificent buildings. The Forbidden City planning and construction of the Ming and qing dynasty, not only inherited the tradition of ancient Chinese architecture, the development and innovation, is the ancient Chinese culture and the achievements of the ancient Chinese architectural art. Its indoor and outdoor architectural space combination, the collocation of cubic construction size, the use of materials, the sketch of the display, decoration, the choice of the color are reached the high level, the exciting art effect.

大家好!我是你们的向导，我名叫陈，叫我陈导就好了。现在我将带领你们欣赏我国的世界遗产——故宫。

故宫为我国明清两朝的皇宫，也是现存最大、最完整的古建筑群。所以我们在游览时应不乱扔垃圾、不触摸物品，这样才能欣赏到有历史气息的故宫。

进了太和殿的大门，展现在大家面前的便是一座座雄伟的宫殿。正前面那座最大的木构建筑，很是引人注目，那就是太和殿。它是皇权的象征，每当有重大活动时，皇帝都在此举行。后面的一排金碧辉煌的宫殿，分别是中和殿、保和殿。

游完了辉煌的太和殿，再向北走，我们能感觉到这儿的生活气息很浓。这里的一切起居用品在当时都是堪称一流的，后宫里的户外养心之处是御花园。它的格局，布局，古色古香，，花草树木点缀其间，亭台阁楼相依相存，是个精心雅致，赏心悦目的好地方。大家跟着我走，故宫东边这座角楼和其他三座角楼遥相呼应。它们的造型奇特，精美绝伦，与周围环境构成一幅完美的图画。

这气魄雄伟的工程凝结了多少劳动人民的血汗和智慧啊!

这次旅游到此结束，祝大家愉快，谢谢。

鸟岛，又名甘涸子岛，位于沈抚路南侧、临近植物园，是浑河水系中的一个岛屿，占地面积 49.26 公顷。鸟岛建设中树立“去伪存真，舍人工雕琢之精细，求浑然天成之朴素”的建设理念，采用人工辅助恢复自然景观的方式，全面恢复鸟岛的自然生态系统，从引进大批野生鸟类，是这里一年四季鸟鸣啾啾，满足游人亲近自然、亲近鸟类的愿望。

湿地面积约10万平方米，是野生动物，特别是游禽、涉禽及滨岸鸟类和雀形目鸟类的主要栖息地。营造湿地景观既可以丰富鸟岛的生境类型，让更多的鸟类来此安家落户，而且还能丰富该岛的观赏内容，使“鸟岛”名副其实。种植了油松、落叶松、辽东桦、蒙古桦、白蜡、白桦等高大乔木，忍冬、黄刺枚、红瑞木、柳叶绣线菊、山梅花等灌木，以及菱角、铺草、荷花、菖蒲等水生植物，共同形成了森林、蔬林草地和湿地生态景观。

岛上主要特色景观有天鹅湖、情人桥、相思园、鹊桥、鸳鸯泉、仙鹤树、森林童话剧场、和谐舞等。

天鹅湖位于鸟岛东部面积约10000平方米，水深为1.5米的狭长型人工湖，在那里，可以观赏到天鹅、鸭类、其它雁类水中嬉戏的场景。情人桥位于湿地内一座500延长米的木质栈桥，是我国目前公园园区内最长的一座木质栈桥取名情人桥，桥的两旁有几十对象征着爱情的人物雕塑，桥下水中莲花并蒂开放，鸳鸯嬉戏，鱼儿水中畅游。立志于中国式的情人节，每对有情人从桥上翩翩走过，是他们相恋的见证，因此桥以爱情为主线而设

计，因此取名情人桥。相思园在情人桥终端，设有一片树林，林中放有5000只相思鸟(因为相思鸟一方死去，另一方则终日不食，最后殉情而死)，相思鸟对爱情的忠贞不渝，是人类所不及的，所以取名相思园。有情人走过情人桥，进入相思园，在相思园中品味着爱的甜蜜，更有趣的是，走出相思园，会得到一份情人证书，作为永恒纪念。因此，相思园是有情人的理想去处，届时举办具有东方文化的中国式情人节。岛中设有的鹊桥，在鹊桥的两旁飞旋着成双成对的喜鹊，这里可以举行传统而别具一格的婚礼仪式，典礼时新郎、新娘会从桥的两旁向桥上走去，旁边伴有成群的喜鹊，桥下云雾缭绕，水中鸳鸯结伴，同游，丹顶鹤仰天长鸣，共祝有情人终成眷属。古时，有农历七月初七，牛郎织女鹊桥相会这一美妙神奇的爱情传说， 如今，我们将它再现于鸟岛，越发的使现代人的爱情观变得厚重起来。

岛上鸳鸯泉中集满几十对美丽富贵的鸳鸯，如果有兴趣还可人鸟同游，实现人与鸟类亲近的梦想。鸳鸯，作为恩爱夫妻的象征，故此泉取名鸳鸯泉，来到这里的人们，它会给您带来幸福和吉祥。仙鹤树之所以称之为仙鹤树，是因为岛上在一颗千年古树，鸟王将美丽的丹顶鹤放于树的两旁，年长的老人可以在树下举行古朴、典雅、意味深长的生日庆典。

古人云：松鹤延年，构成了人与自然祥和共存的真实写照。?森林童话剧场里，在宁静、祥和的森林里，小鸟儿每天都在演绎着它们的童话故事。人鸟舞蹈队的姑娘、小伙儿的兔子舞跳得有模有样，森林里的“清洁工”勤劳、任劳任怨，更让人为之感动。体育明星的球技不得不令您刮目相看。挖掘鸟类舞蹈，统称和谐舞，鸟岛聘请了具有民族特色 、地地道道的 少数民族舞蹈家们来岛表演各种民族鸟类舞蹈，如孔雀舞、天鹅舞、仙鹤舞，其最大特点是每一支舞蹈都会有相应的鸟儿相伴，舞蹈家们还将与游人互动，举办各式游艺活动，烘托出鸟岛的欢乐气氛。