沈阳故宫导游词讲解(推荐20篇)

亲爱的游客们，欢迎你们来到举世闻名的故宫，我是你们的导游，我姓覃，大家可以叫我覃导，下面我们开始游览啦!

现在我们来到的是午门，它是紫禁城的正门，位于紫禁城的南北轴线。封建社会只要宫里有人犯了错，就要来这里斩首。

穿过午门，我们就来到了太和殿。太和殿面阔11间，进深5间，建筑面积2377。00平方米，高26。92米，连同台基通高28米，为紫禁城内规模最大的殿宇。太和殿还是皇上上早朝的地方。太和殿后面是保和殿，是皇作文上上早朝前休息的地方。

然后我们来到乾清宫。它是十六位皇帝的寝宫，它也是“后三宫之首”，位于乾清门内。“乾”是“天”的意思，“清”是“清澈”的意思。一是象征透彻的天空，不浑不浊，象征国家安定;二是象征皇帝的所作所为像清澈的天空一样坦荡，没有干任何见不得人的事情。

故宫里的几个主要宫殿就先介绍到这里，我给大家40分钟的自由参观时间，大家一定不要乱扔果皮垃圾，保持故宫的卫生，同时也要注意安全，谢谢大家，祝你们玩得愉快。

大家好！我是星星导游社的导游王景瑶，也可以叫我小王。我们今天游览地方是故宫，希望可以和大家度过美好的一天。

故宫又称紫禁城，是明清两代的皇宫，堪称当今世界上无与伦比的建筑杰作。很多人慕名来到故宫，就是为了欣赏中国古代建筑的辉煌与帝王的奢华。

故宫始建于1406年，1420年竣工。这片堪称世界最宏伟的宫殿建筑群，南北长961米，东西宽753米，建筑面积有15.5万平方米，内有大小院落九十多座，房屋980间。都是用上等木材、琉璃瓦顶、青白的石座与各种金碧辉煌的彩画交相辉映，尽显出故宫的富贵荣华。故宫很大，它的庞大往往超出了人们的想象范畴。东华门，午门、西华门、神武门分守故宫东南西北4个方向。故宫内部可分为“外朝“与“内廷“两部分。外朝以太宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫为中心，是皇帝与后妃的住所。后人不远千里迢迢来到这座红色城池前瞻仰、游览、触摸、感怀……

好了，今天我的导游就到这里结束了，下面请大家自己观赏这美丽的风景吧！但是大家一定要记住，请大家不要乱扔果皮，谢谢配合。445分钟后，请大家来这里集合，愿你们开心快乐。

各位游客大家好，很高兴成为你们的导游，我叫陈，大家叫我陈导或小安都可以，我会尽自己全力为你们服务。

故宫位于北京市城区中心，是明、清两代的皇宫，是当今世界上现存规模最大、建筑最雄伟、保存最完整的古代皇家宫殿。故宫又叫紫禁城。紫禁城是中国五个多世纪以来的最高权力中心，它以园林景观和容纳了家具及工艺品的9000个房间的庞大建筑群，成为明清时代中国文明无价的历史见证。1987年，北京故宫被联合国教科文组织列入《世界遗产名录》。

北京故宫有很多古老的殿，有太和殿、中和殿、保和殿……

现在我们来到了故宫中最重要的院落--——太和殿及其广场，这里就是皇家举行盛大典礼的地方。太和殿象征皇权的至高无上，太和殿俗称金銮殿，是我国现存木结构大殿的杰出典范之作。太和殿始建于公元1420年，当时叫奉天殿。后来，该叫皇极殿。清顺治皇帝登基后，重修三大殿，并将皇极殿改为太和殿。

太和殿高装饰用的彩绘为最高等级的金龙和玺。殿顶形式为最高等级的重檐庑殿顶，就连大殿正脊上的吻兽也是我国目前最大的，总之处处显示“第一”，那是皇帝认为“老子天下第一”思想的体现。

好!这里可以拍远处太和殿的全景，各位可以在此留个影。

各位朋友，北京故宫到处都有美丽的景色说也说不尽，希望你们细细游赏、拍照。但是要注意不要乱扔垃圾那些，祝你们玩得开心!

许国石坊的左边是徽园，有“徽州文化大观园”之称，再现了徽州明清时期的风貌，走进徽园，有如走进了美丽的江南，走进了古朴典雅的徽州古城。各位朋友，我们现在继续往前走，不远处就是人民教育家陶行知少年时读书的崇一学堂了，后修建为陶行知纪念馆。新建部分与老馆衔接，仿徽派建筑，给人以情的熏陶，美的享受，行的启迪，力的源泉。一进大门，宏伟典雅，风格独特的瞻仰厅展现在你的眼前。“万世师表”匾额，金光灿灿，是宋庆龄手迹。陶行知书写的对联“捧着一颗心来，不带半根草去”，是他终生恪守的人生真谛。

接下来，我们将要去的是古民居斗山街。斗山街位于歙县城内，因依靠斗山而得名，斗山街是一处集古民居、古街、古雕、古井、古牌坊于一体的旅游文化景点。建于明清时期的斗山街、有典型的徽州民宅大院，犹如一幅长长的历史画卷，向你讲述着古老而又凄美的故事。名城歙县不仅风景如画，人文深厚，而且明清建筑，新安医学，徽州雕刻等也有很高的艺术成就。

时间过的真快我们的歙县之旅马上就结束了，小王就要和大家说再见了，临别之际没什么送大家的，就送大家3个字吧，首先第一个字是缘分的缘，俗话说“百年休的同船渡”和大家的共处就是“百年休的同车行”，接下来就是原谅的原，在今天的旅途中，我有做的不够好的地方，希望大家多多包涵，在这里说声抱歉!在一个就是圆满的圆，此次行程的圆满多亏了大家对我工作的支持和配合，在此说声谢谢了!预祝大家接下来的旅途吃得好，睡的香，玩的爽，谢谢大家!

安徽徽州古城导游词3

徽州古城景区是中国历史文化名城歙县的核心，是徽州府治所在地，古城五峰拱秀，六水回澜，山光水色，楚楚动人。景区内古民居群布局典雅，古桥、古塔、古街、古巷、古坝、古牌坊交织着古朴的风采，犹如一座气势恢宏的历史博物馆。徽州古城景区辖六个景点：东方凯旋门——许国石坊，徽商花园——新安碑园·太白楼，江南第一街——斗山街，徽商之源—渔梁古埠，徽州大观园——徽园，全国爱国主义教育基地——陶行知纪念馆。

太白楼位于太平古桥西侧，为黄山至千岛湖途中必经之地。该楼为双层楼阁，挑梁飞檐，为典型徽派建筑，楼内陈列有历代碑刻，古墨迹拓片，古今名人楹联佳名。相传，唐天宝年间，诗人李白寻访歙县隐士许宣平，结果在练江之畔失之交臂，后人为纪念此事，便在李白饮酒的地方建起了这座太白楼。游客登楼可以饱览城西山光水色、古桥塔影。

新安碑园紧邻太白楼，此景区将碑园与园林溶为一体，整个建筑依山就势，多式花墙、漏窗、洞门相互通透，碑廊曲折起伏蜿蜒二百多米。高处立亭，洼处蓄池，竹影婆娑，为徽州私家花园的风格，其园筑于披云峰上，有峰有楼有水，虽然咫尺之地，却是博大胸怀，饶有山野情趣。

各位游客大家好，欢迎大家来到皇家风水宝地清东陵参观游览：

我是导游员___X，接下来将由我为大家介绍清东陵的历史、建筑以及这里埋葬的历史人物和有关传说，希望大家在清东陵能够感受皇家山水福祉，并给大家带来好运和快乐!

位于河北省遵化市境内的清东陵是全国重点文物保护单位，国家AAAAA级风景名胜区，20___年11月30日，被联合国教科文组织批准列入《世界文化遗产名录》。20___年10月15日，全国旅游资源规划开发质量评定委员会公布，清东陵景区成为唐山市首家5A级景区。

清东陵西距北京125公里，居北京、天津、唐山、秦皇岛、承德五大城市腹地，交通便利，每年吸引大批中外游客旅游观光。20___年，清东陵景区被北京市奥组委确定为唯一的一处京外景点，成功地接待了前来参观的奥运宾客，赢得了良好的国际声誉。

清王朝统治时期，东陵分“后龙”和“前圈”两部分，陵区南北长125公里，东西宽20公里，占地面积达2500平方公里。“后龙”为“风水来龙”之地，从陵后长城开始向北延至承德，西接密云，东达遵化，层峦叠翠，山秀石奇，气象万千。当时，“后龙”禁地派重兵驻守，负责安全保卫。“前圈”是陵寝分布的地方，四周群山环绕，中间野阔川平，东、西各有一泓碧水缓缓流淌，形似一只完美无缺的金瓯，可谓景物天成。一座座陵寝依山面野，井然布列在这80平方公里的盆地之内，其间苍松翠柏、楼殿亭阁、门坊城垣、桥柱碑雕，无一不精，无一不美。

清东陵是一块难得的“风水”宝地。北有昌瑞山做后靠如锦屏翠帐，南有金星山做前朝如持笏朝揖，中间有影壁山做书案可凭可依，东有鹰飞倒仰山如青龙盘卧，西有黄花山似白虎雄踞，东西两条大河环绕浃流似两条玉带。群山环抱的堂局辽阔坦荡，雍容不迫，真可谓地臻全美，景物天成。

清东陵是我国现存规模最大、保存最完整的皇家陵墓群，共建有五座皇帝陵、四座皇后陵、五座妃园寝和一座公主园寝。全部陵寝以顺治帝的孝陵为中心，东侧有康熙帝的景陵，同治皇帝的惠陵，西侧有乾隆帝的裕陵，咸丰帝的定陵，以及孝庄、孝惠、孝贞(慈安)、孝钦(慈禧)四座皇后陵，还有景妃、景双妃、裕妃、定妃、惠妃五座妃嫔园寝。

清东陵目前开放的景点有裕陵、裕妃园寝、慈禧陵、慈安陵、展览馆、孝陵、景陵、昭西陵、二郎庙等9处景点。

在清东陵14座陵寝之中，规模最大、体系最完整、布局最得体的当数座落在昌瑞山主峰下的顺治皇帝的陵寝——孝陵。

Everybody is good! Welcome to the Palace Museum tourists sightseeing. Today, I will take you visit the Forbidden City, in the hope that visitors can enjoy me!!!!!!!

The tourists! The Palace Museum is in the Ming and qing dynasties imperial palace, the Forbidden City built on the basis of a collection of ancient buildings, collection, imperial palace culture art as one of the large-scale comprehensive museum. The Forbidden City covers an area of about more than 100 square meters, construction area of about 1 square meters. A total of 24 emperors lived in the Forbidden City, the first is the Ming dynasty yongle emperor zhu di, the last one is the qing dynasty xuantong emperor, puyi, ruled the country for 491 years. So the Palace Museum of history is very long!

Visitors, please look up, this is the meridian gate, in ancient times, what kill people to kill in front of the meridian gate! From the meridian gate, we can see the jinshui bridge. From the jinshui bridge in the past, a gate, can see the Palace Museum of taihe palace, zhonghe palace and Baohe Palace, is the place where the emperor emperor, very grand. Out of Baohe Palace, a gate of heavenly purity, came to the palace of heavenly purity, this temple and palace of earthly tranquility, legend built the Forbidden City, is in order to world peace, to take these three places? Kun ning door, is the imperial garden, the garden scenery beautiful, there are a number of strange stone, come across these stones, remember pictures to commemorate!

Before the gate is her virginity and creature door, our trip to the Forbidden City is over. Look at this magnificent palace, and some loathe to give up?

各位游客，大家好！欢迎大家来到北京故宫来，我叫张家荣，今天我将带大家一起流览故宫三大殿，希望你们在参观浏览中对故宫文化有更深的了解。

故宫又叫紫禁城，修建于明朝永乐年间，占地面积72万平方米，是世界上建筑面积最大，保存最完美的宫殿建筑群。它有四座城门，分别是，南面午门、北面神武门、东面东华门、西面西华门。这进了太和门，就到故宫中心——三大殿；太和殿、中和殿、保和殿。

现在我们面前这座宏伟的建筑就是太和殿了。它是故宫中最大的建筑，高28米，面积2377平方米，俗称金銮殿。“太和”二字出自《周易》中的保和太合，而太和的观念是上古天人合一观念的延伸，强调了君臣之间，人与自然之间还有各民族之间的和谐。和谐是当今中国最强音。

太和殿后面是中和殿。这是一个弯子形方殿，殿顶把四道垂脊揽在一起，正中安放着一个大圆鎏金宝顶，轮廓非常优美。

中和殿后面是保和殿，殿前广场是明清两代举行科举考试——殿试的地方。

好了，我们游览完了故宫三大殿，这样宏伟壮丽的古建筑群，这样井然有序的布局，这样庄严肃穆，不能不令人惊叹。欢迎你们下次再来。

各位游客们，大家好!我是本次带你们去北京故宫三日游的导游，我姓林，名雨欣，你们可以叫我小林。我先说一下这次去故宫三日游的行程，上午，我们就在故宫外沿看一看，可以拍一些照片。中午12点左右去北京故宫旅游导游词餐厅吃饭，吃晚饭后，我们进入故宫内部，下午五点左右到餐厅吃完晚饭后，去故宫博物馆------希望各位游客能配合工作人员：不要乱扔垃圾，不损坏文物，讲文明。

北京故宫，又名紫禁城，位于北京市中心，今天人们称它为故宫，意为过去的皇宫。无与伦比的古代建筑杰作，世界现存最大，最完整的古建筑群，被誉为世界五大宫之首，其中有北京故宫，法国凡尔赛宫，英国白金汗宫，美国白宫，俄罗斯克里姆林宫。

依照中国古代星象学说，紫徽坛(即北极星)位于中天，乃天帝所居，无人对应，所以故宫又称紫禁城。明代第三位皇帝朱棣在夺取地位后，决定迁都北京，即开始营造这座故宫，至明永乐十八年(1420xx年)落成。1920xx年，幸亥革命推翻了中国最后的封建帝制——清王朝，1920xx年逊帝傅仪被逐出宫。

这次旅游故宫很愉快，大家玩的一定很愉快吧，本次行程到此结束，如果下次有机会的话，希望大家还来找我当导游，最后我想送大家一句话：保护文物人人有责。让我们举起楥手，一起来维护美丽宏伟有丰富历史的故宫。

各位游客你好，我是星星旅游社的导游，我姓姚，大家可以叫我小姚。今天，就由我来带领大家游览北京故宫，希望大家能够通过我的讲解，对故宫留下一个美好的印象。现在我们已经到了故宫里，请大家跟我来。

故宫又称“紫荆城”清明的皇宫，也是世界上最大的宫殿，占地72万平方米(长960米、宽750米)，建筑面积15万平方米，始建于公元1406，故宫在1420xx年建成，是明朝第皇帝朱始建，设计者样(1397-1481年)，字廷瑞，(苏州人)，占地面积78万平方米，用30万民工，共建了20xx年，有房屋9999间半，主要建筑是太和殿、中和殿、和保和殿也是科举考试举行殿试的地方，科举考试的一至三名分别称状元、榜眼、探花。

你看，故宫西路主要包括养心殿和西六宫，内测为永寿宫、翊清宫、诸秀宫，外侧为太极殿、长春殿、咸福宫等。这里是皇帝和后妃居住的地区之一，其中养心殿从雍正至清末，是皇帝居住和处理政务的地方，慈禧太后曾居住于诸秀宫和长春宫。

今天大家玩的开心吗? 通过我的讲解，你对故宫是不是有了一定的了解呢?接下来就可以自由活动，千万要注意安全，好了开始自由活动。

各位游客大家好：

欢迎大家来故宫旅游，下头由我为大家介绍故宫的一些基本情景。

故宫过去叫紫禁城，它是明清两代的皇宫。紫禁城始建于明朝永乐四年(1406年)永乐十八年建成，占地面积72万多平方米，距今已有600年的历史。在那里曾居住了明清两朝24位皇帝。紫禁城的建筑是依据我国古代的《周礼.考工记》中“前朝、后市、左祖、右社”的原则建造的。

那么为什么叫“紫禁城”呢那里面有很深的文化内涵。咱们中国是一个天文学十分发达的国家，早在3000多年前的甲骨文中就有许多关于天象的记载。在古代的天象观测中，人们发现，有一颗星的位置是不变的，始终居于天空的正中，它是紫微星，也就是大家熟悉的北极星。人们认为那是天帝居住的宫殿，称它为“紫宫”。皇帝称自我为天子，就是天帝的儿子，他所居住的宫殿就叫“紫宫”，这是其一，其二呢，皇帝居住的宫院，对寻常老百姓来说，是绝对的禁忌之地。于是两层含义合起来，所以就叫“紫禁城”

紫禁城是明朝的第三个皇帝朱棣，也就是永乐皇帝在1406年开始营建的，用了14年的时间才全部建成，1421年正式迁都北京。从明朝永乐到清朝宣统，共有24位皇帝在这儿居住过，统治中国达491年。

相传紫禁城有宫殿9999间半，实际上是8700多间，是我国也是世界上目前规模最大、保存最完整的宫殿建筑群。这些宫殿沿中轴线排列，并向两边展开，左右对称，格局严正，气魄雄伟，极为壮观。当我们漫步在这些宫殿之间时，不仅仅能够亲身接触到它的一砖一瓦，还会欣赏到青铜、玉器、书画、珠宝等珍贵的文物。要明白，这些文物都是从故宫博物院150多万件藏品中精心挑选出来的，您定会爱不够，也看不够。再者说，在那些文物的背后，在眼前这些殿宇之中以往发生过许许多多令人荡气回肠的故事，足以让您听不够、想不够。简单一句话，您今日走进了这明清两代的皇宫，就是走进了中华礼貌的宝库。

故宫的全称是“故宫博物院”，因为它是在明清两朝的皇宫和宫廷旧藏文物的基础上，建立起来的综合性国家级博物馆。说到这儿您可能会问了，那故宫博物院是什么时候成立的呢不要着急，这还要从末代皇帝溥仪的退位说起。1911年，辛亥革命推翻了清王朝的统治，1912年溥仪正式宣布退位。按说，这座宫殿应当收归国有。可是，按照当时的规定，溥仪却被允许居住在后宫部分，长达十几年。

在1924年冬季的一天，冯玉祥将军的手下鹿钟麟，将溥仪和他的后妃逐出了皇宫，同时成立“清室善后委员会”，接管故宫，并对皇宫中的文物进行了清点。又经过一年的紧张筹备，1925年10月10日在乾清门前广场举行了盛大的建院典礼。那天，为了争先目睹这座神秘的皇宫和宫殿里珍藏的宝贝，许多人拥向故宫，北京城万人空巷、交通堵塞，这件事成了当天各大报纸的重要新闻。

故宫在开放的第一天，到底接待了多少游客，我们不明白。可这几年，每年都有近1000万中外游客到故宫参观游览。因为故宫是全年365天开放的，算起来，每一天平均要接待将近3万人呢。

故宫博物院已经有80多年的历史了，在这么长的时间，尤其是新中国成立后，故宫在古建筑保护、文物收藏、研究和展览方面，取得了巨大的提高。您明白吗目前故宫珍藏的文物有150多万件，占全国文物馆藏总量的十分之一，其中一级文物占全国文物的五分之一还多呢那故宫的文物都有哪些品种呢这150多万件文物种类齐全，包括玉器、陶瓷、书画、珐琅、漆器、金银器，以及很多帝后、妃嫔服饰、衣料和家具等十多个门类。

这些年来，故宫博物院除了保存和复原三大殿、后三宫和西六宫外，又开辟了青铜、陶瓷、书画、珍宝、钟表等专馆，并经常举办各种临时的主题性展览。

城池

午门是皇宫的正门，因其位于紫禁城的午位(正南方)故称午门。“五凤楼”;在明清两朝，它的地位十分重要，许多重大仪式都是在那里举行的。比如：每年农历十月，皇帝要亲自到这儿来颁布下一年的历书。另外，打完仗，将士得胜回朝后，要在午门前举行隆重的献俘礼。午门有时也会作为举行喜庆活动的场所。每年农历正月十五的元宵节，这儿要张灯结彩、“放灯”三天，并且允许平民百姓来赏灯游玩，显示皇家于民同乐、普天同庆的太平景象。然而，说到这午门，大家都会想到“退出午门斩首”这句话吧。其实，这句话纯属误传，北京当时的刑场在南城的菜市口。那这句话是怎样传出来的呢过去大臣们和皇帝在朝堂上议政，经常出现意见不和的情景。在明朝时，皇帝就能够把触犯他的大臣拉到午门外用竹子打屁股。这叫廷杖。千万不要小看这竹子，它是一种碗口粗的毛竹，里面还要灌上水银，据说是为了加大杀伤力，几杖下去就能皮开肉绽。被打的人不死也要终生残疾。这种恐怖的事情从皇宫传到民间，就逐渐变成“推出午门斩首”了。

神武门故宫的北门。这座门故去除了供帝后妃嫔、太监、宫女们进进出出外，还是击鼓报时的场地。当年这门楼上有一支大鼓和一口大钟，每夜有专人值班击鼓报更。那里说的更，是过去人们对夜间的计时方法，一更约为两个小时，一夜分五更。夜里11点到第二天1点，正是三更的时候，所以就有了“三更半夜”或“半夜三更”的说法。每一天夜幕降临后，在击鼓报初更之前，先要敲钟108响。楼高夜静，紫禁城里的人们，都能听到这钟鼓声。

东华门是整个明代皇宫的东门，与西华门一东一西，遥相对应。东华门与西华门不像午门与神武门那样处于正南正北方为，而是处于靠近东南、西南方位。

西华门是紫禁城的西门，门外与东华门一样矗立着一块下马石碑。这个门的职能与东华门相同，是大臣们上朝进宫出入的必经之地，或许因为出入东华门要经过一大片马厩的缘故，大多数朝臣一般进出皇宫都走西华门。清代皇帝和太后平时出宫游玩也多走西华门。

角楼在紫禁城高高的城墙上，有四座小巧别致、精美无比的角楼。它们像四颗明珠，镶嵌在高大的城墙上，它们不仅仅是我国，也是世界上的建筑精品。这角楼的建筑十分复杂，它一共有三层檐。关于这角楼的建造，还有一个故事呢，我来说说吧。相传，明朝的永乐皇帝在修建皇宫时，特意指定要在紫禁城的死角，各建造一座“九梁十八柱七十二脊”的角楼，并且限期100天，盖不好要杀头。谁也没有见过这么复杂的建筑阿，这可难坏了全国各地的能工巧匠。眼看皇帝的限期就要到了，工匠们愁的都吃不下饭。这是，来了一个卖蝈蝈的老头儿。他那蝈蝈笼子十分精致漂亮，大家都为过去看那巧夺天工的笼子。有个工匠不自觉的数起笼子上的玉米秸，“一根梁，两根梁…..”一数，一共是九根横粱、十八根柱子、七十二个脊。哎，这部正式咱们要盖的角楼吗!大家十分兴奋，突然想起卖蝈蝈的老头儿，可一看，老头儿不见了。工匠们七嘴八舌的说，这是鲁班爷显灵，来救我们了。于是，工匠们如期建好了角楼。

护城河和金水河紫禁城城垣的外围围绕着一条宽52米，深6米的护城河，河岸陡直，由条石砌成，俗称筒子河。清代护城河的北、东、西三面内侧建有守卫围房732间，戒备森严。护城河水的源头是京西的玉泉山，玉泉山水经过颐和园、运河、西直门的高梁桥，流到市中心的后海，然后从地安门的步梁桥下分出支流，经景山西门的地道进入护城河。从康熙朝开始在护城河中种莲藕，农历七月，荷花盛开，十分壮观。收获的莲子和莲藕除交给宫中食用外，剩余的拿到市场上卖，所得银子作为小花销。嘉庆以后开始出租给人养荷收取租金。故宫周围有两条金水河，一条是内金水河，一条是外金水河。外金水河在天安门前，其水系来自护城河西边的河段，护城河河水到达宫墙西南角后，进入地道，在从织女桥流出，绕过社稷坛，从外金水桥流过，经牛郎桥向东过天妃闸，流出皇城。内金水河的水是从神武门西边的地道引入的护城河河水，河水沿内廷西区供电墙外向南流，在慈宁花园墙外向东南转，蜿蜒经武英殿，在太和门前广场构成一个优美的拱形渠，然后转向北流经文渊阁，在銮驾库的西边流出皇宫。整条内金水河在皇宫里绵延20__多米，河上共有大大小小21座桥，还有10多处涵洞。内金水河除有排泄雨水、方便宫中取水、消防等实际功能之外，增加

精致也是其中不可忽视的因素。

太和门和三大殿

太和门朋友们，到了皇宫，您必须想明白皇帝上早朝的地方吧，太和门，就是明朝“御门听证”的地方。所谓御门听证，就是大家所说的上早朝，由皇帝和大臣们讨论、处理国家大事。在人们的印象中，皇帝上朝都是在威严的大殿里，其实不然。每一天清晨，皇帝从后宫出来，坐在这太和门种.种摆放的龙椅上。王公大臣们按照文东武西的顺序，站在门下的广场上，向皇帝奏事。皇帝身边站着当班的内阁学士，负责记录皇帝的意见，退朝后再稍加整理，颁行天下，这就是我们常说的“圣旨”或“上谕”，国家的日常事务就在这太和门商量决定了。说到那里，也许您会想到：在露天的门外办公，万一刮风下雨怎样办呢其实别说刮风下雨，就是平常那里也不打舒服。但按当时的规定：皇帝和大臣们每一天都要上早朝。可是，制度是死的，人是活的。封建社会每个朝代的头一两个皇帝一般都还比较勤奋，后代的皇帝就贪图享乐，把祖父辈打江山时的艰辛和治天下短裤新都抛到脑后了。明朝也不例外，中后期的万历皇帝竟长达24年不临朝。历史学家曾说过“明之亡，则亡于神宗”就是说明朝的灭亡正是从这位明神宗开始的。到清朝的时候，将御门听证改在故宫的乾清门。

金水桥在太和殿前面有五座精致的汉白玉石桥，这就是著名的金水桥。您明白它为什么叫“金水桥”吗我先说桥下这条河的水，它来自京城西面的玉泉山，从紫禁城的西北进入，东南流出。而古人推崇阴阳五行学说，就是金木水火土这五种物质，认为“西”这个方位在五行中属金，所以取名“金水河”，那上头的桥自然就叫“金水桥”了，我们都明白，天安门外也有金水桥，那是外金水桥，而我们眼前的是内金水桥，这金水河不光起到了装饰庭院的作用，也是紫禁城里重要的消防水源和排水渠道，故宫中的水源是很少的，一旦宫殿着火，金水河里的水就十分珍贵了。

太和殿在宽阔的太和门广场上，广场中间有一条青白石铺成的御道，这条御道当年仅有皇帝才能走。从太和门广场北望，在那高大、漂亮的汉白玉台基上，有座雄伟的建筑叫太和殿，也就是老百姓所说的金銮殿。这汉白玉台基高达8米，比此刻的两层楼还要高。修建这么高的台基，为的就是造成大殿的雄壮感。咱们国家古建筑的主体是木结构，而木材本身又不可能很高大，于是聪明的工匠采用高大的石台基将大殿托起，以增强气势。在紫禁城所有宫殿中，以这座金銮殿最受尊崇，当年最高级别的仪式和大典都在那里举行。比如说，皇帝登基、大婚、册立皇后，还有在发生战争时派将出征，都要在太和殿举行十分隆重地典礼活动。其中最为隆重的就是登基大典，皇帝要那里理解百官和外国使臣的朝贺。此外一年当中的三个大节庆，也就是元旦、冬至和万寿节，皇帝也要在那里举行盛大的宴会。其实这个元旦不是咱们此刻的新年，而是农历的大年初一_—春节。冬至是一年当日光照时间最短的一天，古人认为这是阳长阴消的日子，值得大庆。所以皇帝要在冬至那天到天坛祭天，次日在太和殿理解王公大臣的朝贺，而万寿节则是当朝皇帝自我的生日。您可能在电视剧中看到过举行大典的场景把，这广场的两要布置雄壮的仪仗队，文武百官就跪在这御道的

两旁。而皇帝是坐在太和殿内的宝座上，理解官员们的叩拜大礼的。既然太和殿的地位这么重要，在建筑规格上自然就是最高、最大的了。它的建筑面积是2377平方米。不仅仅在紫禁城内，就是从全国范围看，也是现存最大的木结构宫殿。从它的屋脊到地面，高达35米，比此刻的10层楼房还要高。讲到那里，不知您是否注意到这么一个问题。您看，这么大的一个广场，怎样连一颗树也没有原先，这是为了突出三大殿的壮观和皇帝的尊严。您想一想，如果那里松柏参天，三大殿掩映在树荫之中，那还能有此刻这种气势马再者说，那里是举行重大典礼的地方，要求格外庄严肃穆。如果有了树木，仪仗和百官的站位都会受到影响，将有损于典礼的严肃性。如此说来，是这些宫殿建筑的功能，决定了那里不能种树。在太和殿的汉白玉台基上，有许多青铜鼎，其实那时香炉，因为它们是模仿周朝的鼎造的，所以叫鼎式炉。三层石台上共有18个香炉，象征着清朝的18个行省。每当大典时，就在香炉腹部装上香料，然后将香料点燃，18个香炉就一齐散出缕缕青烟，使太和殿显得更加神秘庄严。太和殿外面两边平台的两个角落，各有一件汉白玉雕凿的器具。在一块圆石板上，中间插一根铁针，周围刻有刻度。当太阳升起时，铁针的投影指向哪个时刻，就表示是什

么时辰了。它叫日晷，是古代的一种计时工具。与日晷对称的位置，是一座石头亭子，它叫嘉量。在嘉量的里面石斛(hu)、斗、升、合(ge)、龠(yue)五种计量器具，一向到近代，人们还常用斗和升来称量东西。为什么要把这两件器具摆放在这儿呢那里面有很深的文化内涵。在中国古代，时间和度量衡是非超重要的，它代表上天的旨意和国家的统一。在世间，仅有天子才能代表上天，行使规定时间和计量的权力，它们象征着皇权的至高无上。摆放在日晷和嘉量旁边的统龟、铜鹤是举行大典时熏香用的，但还有必须的寓意。我们都明白，龟、鹤是长寿的动物，在太和殿的两边摆放上龟、鹤，象征着国运永昌。我们都明白故宫有8700多间房子，而这太和殿，就有55间，这是怎样回事呢因为在古代，我们把四根柱子之间算一间屋子，而太和殿是横11间、纵5间，就是55间了。所以说，整个故宫也只是由几百座宫殿。摆放在太和殿中平台上的龙椅，就是民间俗称的金銮宝座。它是用紫檀木制成，从明朝到清朝一向是用。这宝座的宽度大大超过高度，给人一种十分稳定的感觉，象征着皇权安稳、江山永固。大殿里的柱子，靠近金銮宝座的是6根金黄色的柱子，他表面贴的是金箔，6根金柱拱卫着那巨大的龙椅，把皇帝衬托得更加尊贵、庄严。此外还有66根朱红

色的柱子。这些柱子都是用才子东北长白山的红松制成的，每根高12米，直径1米多，两个人都抱可是来。当年没有显得的大型运输工具，要采伐、运输这么的木材，实在是一件十分艰难的事情。在太和殿的天花板上，有一个盘龙藻井。这“藻井”是古建筑中的名称，就是指天花板中间镂孔雕刻的一块。太和殿的藻井是一条蟠龙，就叫蟠龙藻井。在这龙嘴的下头，吊着一个亮晶晶的圆球，它叫“轩辕镜”。这个东西可大有讲究，您听说过“炎黄子孙”这个词吧。传说古代有炎、黄两帝，而咱们现代人都是它们的后代，所以中国人都说自我是炎黄子孙。而过去的皇上也自认为是黄帝的继承者和接班人。这个传说中的黄帝号“轩辕氏”，而皇上在宝座的正上方悬挂一个轩辕镜，表示自我三正统黄帝，并且有轩辕氏的保佑。太和殿地面上铺的是一种亮亮的方砖。您听说过紫禁城“金砖墁地”吗指的就是这种“金砖”。这种砖并不是拿黄金制成的，那它为什么会叫金砖呢这种砖是在今日苏州附近的御窑村烧制的。因为是专门为京城烧制的，所以叫“京砖”。可是南方人发“京”这个字音时，听起来像是黄金的“金”字。久而久之，这京砖被叫成金砖了。虽说这砖不是用黄金制成，可是由于它的制作方法独特，工艺复杂，它的质地更像大理石一样细密、坚

固，尽管经历了几百年的摩擦，依然光亮如镜，再加上烧制、铺墁这种砖的费用也是很高的，所以，冠以“金砖”的美名，也是名副其实。

中和殿太和殿后面有一座四四方方、象亭子一样的建筑，是中和殿。它是黄帝在大典之前的休息室。每次大典前，皇帝从后宫出来，在中和殿稍作停留。当太和殿所有的仪式都准备好后，有专门的人来导引着皇帝，沿中间的御道，从太和殿的后门走近去。当皇帝一落座，就要焚香、奏乐、响鞭，整个大典便开始了。由于那里是皇帝大典之前做准备工作的地方，所以他在之后逐渐成为举行各种祭祀、典礼时的准备场所。在各种祭祀活动中，有一项很特殊，那就是每年春天的祭农。每年春分，皇帝要到先农坛，那里有一块皇帝的“自留地”，就是咱们俗称的“一亩三分地”。平常有专门的官员管理，但到了春分那天，皇帝要亲自到这块田地上，扶扶犁，锄锄地，这叫行“亲耕礼”，祈求五谷丰登。皇帝在去先农坛之前，要在中和殿举行一个仪式，看一看他要用的农具，这也反映皇帝对农业的重视。当然了，中和殿还有其他用途。比如皇帝要在那里阅视家谱。皇族和老百姓一样，也有自我的家谱，皇帝的家谱叫“玉牒”。玉是玉器的玉，牒是通牒的牒，每隔十年重修一次。那里要说明一句，皇帝的家谱虽名为玉牒，但并不是用玉制成的，也是用纸张书写，只是为了强调皇帝家谱的高贵，才称为玉牒。中和殿的另一个用途，是皇帝在那里为皇太后上徽号

。皇帝为了表示孝道，要在寿庆和节日给皇太后上一些吉祥的称号，叫做徽号。像我们熟悉的“慈禧”“慈安”就是徽号。

保和殿是一座十分著名的宫殿，在明清两朝，那里是皇家的高级宴会厅。每逢重大节日和帝后生日，皇帝都要在那里宴请文武百官，以示庆贺。一些少数民俗的领袖，像西藏的高僧，蒙古王公来皇宫，皇帝也要在那里设宴款待，以示笼络。公主出嫁，皇帝也要在那里宴请亲家，表示对他们的尊重。然而，保和殿在读书人的心目中，地位是最高的，因为从清朝乾隆年间开始，保和殿拥有了一项更加重要的职能，成为中国科举考试的最高一级殿试的考场。老百姓所熟知的状元，就是从这座大殿里考出来的。朝为放牛郎，暮登天子堂。将相本无种，男儿当自强!您听过这首童谣吗它的前两句是说一个青年早上还在为地主放牛，晚上就到天子堂来考试了。而“天子堂”，指的就是这保和殿。那里形容读书人的一步登天，其实当年可不是这样的。在当年，能够到这座大殿内参加考试，就应经是十分十分不容易了。因为来到那里的考生，都是从全国众多学子中，经过从地方到京城层层考试选出来的。一个读书人，熟读“四书五经”之后，首先要中秀才。中了秀才就是读书人，到县衙大堂，见县官就不用跪了。秀才要去省会城市考试考“乡试”，考中为举人，举人就能够做县令之类的小官了，社会地位也会得到很大的提升。您还记得吗，在电视剧《铁齿痛牙纪

晓岚》里就有秀才参加乡试，考官们徇私舞弊的情节。其实，中举对于科举之路来说，只是万里长征走完了第一步。举人们还要到京城的国子监去考“会试”。然后才有资格到这座宫殿参加考试，所以叫“殿试”。“殿”就是保和殿的“殿”。殿试每三年举行一次，由皇帝亲自主考。从早上考到晚上，整整一天。阅卷工作全部结束，皇帝要在太和殿进行一个隆重的发榜仪式，称之为“金殿传胪”。所有参加殿试的贡生们都云集在太和广场，皇帝亲自在大典上宣读前三名的名字。考中第一名的称为状元，第二，第三名称为榜眼和探花。这三个人能够很荣耀的从午门正中的门洞走出紫禁城，这是皇帝对他们的恩宠。

云龙石雕故宫中，在许多宫殿的前台都有石雕，用浮雕的手法刻出游龙、翔凤等图案。这些石雕主要为了装饰，显示皇家的威严和气派。在这些大大小小的石雕中，保和殿后也就是台阶中间的云龙石雕是最大的一块。石雕的图案，从上到下，刻着九条形态各异、栩栩如生的游龙，嬉戏于云海之中，十分生动、精美。这块石雕是用一块完整的大青石雕成的，此刻长16.57米，宽3.07米，平均厚度1.70米，重量达200多吨。这块石料是采自北京房山区的大石窝村，距离紫禁城有100多华里。在500多年前，没有任何现代化运输工具的情景下，是如何从百里之外将这么巨大的石头完整的运来的呢这是一个十分趣味的话题。简单地说，就是借助冰，是用拉旱船的办法拖过来的。工匠们从紫禁城到大石窝村，每隔一里地打一口井。到了严冬季节，从井里把水提上来，泼在路面上，就这样波一条100多华里的冰道。我们明白，饼面上的摩擦力小的多。就是这种能够情景下，仍然动用了两万多名民工、几千匹骡马，用了近一个月时间，耗银11万两，才把这块大石头拉进紫禁城里，其艰难程度可想而知。每个人站在它面前，都不得不从心底叹服古代劳动人民的勤劳和智慧。

铜缸故宫里有许多大缸，您想这些大缸是做什么用的呢这些缸是储水防火用的，故宫里此刻总共有308口铜缸或铁缸，分散在各个宫殿附近。故宫的缸都有一个特点，缸底的石基都留有一个方口。因为北京的冬天很冷，户外的水很容易结冰，所以入冬以后，专门有太监来管理这些缸。在缸的外面套上棉套，上头盖上缸盖，低下烧上炭火，一向烧到惊蛰时节气温回升了才撤火，基座下的方口就是烧炭的炭口。这些缸大部分都是用青铜铸成的，缸外面是镏金的，一口缸要用黄金约3公斤。金灿灿的镏金铜缸衬着红墙，十分华贵气派。可是，如果我们走到前朝宫殿旁边，会发现那里的缸表面只留下了斑斑的黄迹。这是怎样回事呢说道这儿，我要讲一段令人心酸的历史了。100多年前，也就是公元1900年，八国联军以镇压义和团的名义，侵略北京。当他们进入紫禁城后，对宫廷物品进行了大肆劫掠，抢走了数不清的玉器、玛瑙、佛像，许多珍贵图书、档案也被破坏。这些大缸表面，金灿灿的黄金夜难逃此劫。贪婪的侵略者用刺刀把缸表面的镏金一点点刮去，留下横七竖八的刀痕，引起我们痛苦的回忆，提醒我们要勿忘国耻，自强不息!

游客朋友们：

大家好！首先请允许我代表沈阳市全体市民对各位的到来表示热烈欢迎！今天我为大家介绍的就是沈阳的风景名胜之一的“沈阳故宫”。

沈阳故宫始建于后金天命十年（1625年）是清太祖迁都之际草创，清崇德元年（1636年）由皇太极建成。1644年，大清迁都北京，“沈阳故宫”从此成为“陪都宫殿”。“沈阳故宫”是清太祖努尔哈赤和清太宗皇太极修建并使用过的宫殿，距今巳有360余年的历史。在全国现存宫殿建筑群中，它的历史价值和艺术价值仅次于北京故宫居全国第二位。它是中国历史上最后的一个封建王朝的发祥重地，也是清统一中国后东北地区政治经济中心。

沈阳故宫占地6万多平方米，有楼台殿阁各式建筑70余座，由20多个院落组成，总计房屋300多间。故宫按自然布局分为中路、东路和西路三部分。

中路：是太宗皇太极时期的大内宫阙。南端是大清门，也是故宫的正门。向北依次是崇政殿、凤凰褛、清宁宫，它们都排列在一条中轴线上，两侧还有一些对称式的附属建筑。

大清门是日常朝会时文武大臣侯朝的地方，也是清太宗接受群臣谢恩之处。明朝著名将领洪承畴降清后，就从此门进入，受到皇太极的接见。大清门东侧这处建筑叫祖庙，祖庙是爱新觉罗家族祭祀祖先的地方，因是天子的祖庙也称“太庙”。

顺着大清门北面的御路拾阶而上，台正中便是气势宏伟被称作“金銮殿”的政殿。它建于后金天聪六年（1632年），崇德元年定名为崇政殿。崇政殿为五间九檩硬山式建筑，南北辟有隔扇门，前后是石雕栏杆。殿顶盖为黄琉璃，十分壮观。殿内掾间绘满飞云流水，梁架上全部是“和玺” 彩绘，给人以高洁典雅之感。殿内明堂有堂陛，前是金龙蟠柱，柱后有贴金雕龙扇面大屏风和金龙宝座，宝座两侧有鼎式香炉、轩辕镜和太平有象等装饰之物。殿前有大月台，月台东南角有日晷，西南有嘉量亭，都由大理石雕造而成。在月台上还设有四口大缸，都盛满清水以防水灾。古代称它是“门海”，来象征缸中水多似海可扑灭火灾，所以又被称作是“吉祥缸”。因为北方天气寒冷，所以每到冬天，就要在缸底点燃炭火。崇政殿是清太宗日常朝会议政的地方，1636年皇太极的称帝大典及清天聪十年四月“后金”改国号为“大清”的典礼就在这里举行。1644年清迁都北京后，历代皇帝东巡时，都在这里临朝听政。

崇政殿前，东西各有五间厢楼，东为飞龙阁，西为翔凤阁。殿后是一个院落，院正北有一座高约4米的高台，台上是皇太极极其后妃的寝区。沿台阶走上去便是一座金碧辉煌的高楼----凤凰楼。它的原名叫翔凤楼，直到1743年才有凤凰楼之称。凤凰楼是清宁宫的门户，也是皇帝策划军政大事和宴筵之所。它与崇政殿同期建成，康熙二十年重修。楼为三层，是三滴水式建筑。每层深广各三间，周围有回廊，下层的门洞是联络台上台下的道。风凰楼既是后宫的大门，又是整个宫殿建筑的制高点。在楼上观看日出，极为美妙。所以“凤楼晓日”、“凤楼观塔”是沈城著名的景观。凤凰楼正门上额的“紫气东来”金字横匾是乾隆皇帝的御笔。

过了凤凰楼就是太宗皇帝皇太极的后宫了。正中是清宁宫，清宁宫原叫“正宫”，是五间十一檩硬山式建筑。东一间是皇太极和孝端文皇后博尔济吉特氏的寝宫，称暖阁。正中隔一间璧，把寝宫分为南北两室，南北室各有火炕，又称“龙床”。1643年皇太极就在南室“端座无疾而终”，终年52岁，后葬于昭陵。西四间为皇帝祭神、行礼的神堂。清宁宫庭院的东南角有一根朱红色木杆，木杆顶端有锡斗，这木杆叫索伦杆，满族人称它为神杆。锡斗内放米谷碎肉来喂乌鸦。

清宁宫两侧是东西配宫，东配宫有关雎宫、衍庆宫；西配宫有麟趾宫和永福宫。东西配宫均为皇太极和妃子们居住之所。清宁宫西北角有一根由地面垒起，低于屋背的烟囱，人们从正面是看不见的。从清宁宫这一系列建筑中，我们可以发现沈阳故宫的两大建筑特点：一是保存了浓厚的满族特色即口袋房、万字炕、烟囱竖在地面上。二是宫高殿低，清宁宫及其四所配宫均高于皇帝议政的崇政殿和东路的大政殿。这是因为清朝夺取政权前，满族是一个牧猎民族，受生活习惯的影响，把居住的地方建在高处，以防野兽和洪水的侵袭。这与北京故宫恰好相反。

清宁宫高台之后是“后苑”，也叫“御花园”，内有碾磨房、二十八间仓、后宰门等建筑，是皇帝膳食的供给区。并有地下窨道与清宁宫相通。

在崇政殿、清宁宫高台两侧有“东所”、“西所”。东所由南往北依次是颐和殿、介祉宫、敬典阁等。东所是东巡时皇帝后妃给太后请安之处，也皇太后的寝宫和存放实录、玉牒之处；西所由南往北依次是迪光殿、保极殿、继恩斋和崇谟阁等。西所是东巡时皇帝、后妃及子女居住的地方和存放《圣训》、《满文老档》的地方。崇谟阁的建筑形式是别具一格的，它为卷棚式建筑，是在清乾隆年间增建的。

东路是以大政殿为主体，两侧辅以方亭十座，称“十王亭”。大政殿建于努尔哈赤时期，是故宫最早期八角重檐大木架亭子式建筑。大政殿下是高约1.5米的须弥座式台基，周围绕以雕刻精细的荷叶净瓶青石雕。殿身八面均有“斧头眼”式隔扇门，内外排柱40根，正门前有双龙蟠柱。殿顶是十六道五彩琉璃脊，正中是宝瓶火焰珠。殿内有精致的斗拱、藻井天花，梁架上用“和玺”彩绘，上有黄琉璃瓦绿剪边的顶盖。整个建筑显示出极强的美感和庄严秀丽的装饰艺术情趣。大政殿是皇帝举行大型庆典的地方，1643年清世祖福临在此即位。

大政殿前，正中是宽阔的甬道，两侧以八字形排列着十座方亭，这就是“十王亭”。从北至南，东边是左翼王亭、正黄旗亭、正红旗亭、镶蓝旗亭、正白旗亭；西边是右翼王亭、镶黄旗亭、镶红旗亭、正蓝旗亭、镶白旗亭。这是当年八旗首领固山额真和左右统辖八旗的亲王贝勒办公的地方。八旗制度在清王朝的军事政治及社会制度，民事管理等等很多方面都占有极为重要的地位，发挥着巨大的作用。大政殿与十王亭构成了一组亭子式院落建筑，它是清入关前八旗制度在宫殿建筑上的反映。设计者从局部建筑直至整体布局，处处突出“八”字。这种把军政制度巧妙地融合在建筑艺术中的做法，真可算是构思独特、别具匠心。

西路：以文溯阁为主体，前有戏台、扮戏房、嘉荫堂，后有仰熙斋、九间殿。文溯阁于乾隆年间兴建而成，是仿明代渐江宁波大藏书家范钦的“天一阁”所建。为面阔六间二楼三层硬山式建筑，顶盖为黑琉璃瓦绿剪边。根据五行八卦之说，黑是代表水，文溯阁是专为存贮清代大百科全书《四库全书》和《古今图书集成》而建的。书最忌火，以黑瓦为顶象征以水克火之意。文溯阁东有方形碑亭一座，内立石碑一块。碑阳面为乾隆帝撰写的《文溯阁记》，阴面为《宋孝宗论》。文溯阁东南宫门外有嘉荫堂，它与南面的戏台连成一个院落，是专为皇帝准备的娱乐场所。西路建筑除文溯阁外，其它建筑用卷棚式屋顶，显得十分别致，富有江南风韵。

沈阳故宫是清代遗存下来的最早一组宫殿建筑群，它是国家级重点文物保护单位，希望大家有机会来观光这座气派非凡的帝王宫殿。谢谢大家。

紫气东来，出自传说“老子过函谷关”的故事。传说当年函谷关令尹喜梦到次日清晨老子要路过函谷关，于是第二天天没亮清扫庭院，登上城楼。不久，果然老子骑着青牛，在冉冉紫气萦绕下，伴着仙乐来到此地，为他写了“五千字文”，这便是道教圣典《道德经》。乾隆皇帝题写的“紫气东来”含意是大清帝国是始于东方的盛京皇宫。今天，有没有圣人来呢？请大家向东方看一看那吉祥的云彩吧……

传说：早年，努尔哈赤在明朝总兵李成梁手下做勤务兵时，因他脚下长有红痣，认为他是未来夺取大明江山，有帝王之相者，便要除掉他。努尔哈赤闻讯仓皇逃跑，李率兵疾追，就在即将发现他时，一群乌鸦落在他的身上，在乌鸦的掩护下，才得以生还。努尔哈赤数年后成为后金之主，为感谢乌鸦救命之恩，告喻全族，永不屠鸦。所以索伦杆饲鸦便延续下来。

八旗制是由努尔哈赤组建起来的，努尔哈赤25岁开始了他用兵图谋霸业的戌马生涯。随着势力的壮大，努尔哈赤想建立一支强大而管理有序的军队，于是想到了民间自发产生的组织“牛录”这种形式。他在1601年组建了军队，把每300个战士组成一个“牛录”，每个“牛录”，打一种颜色的旗，这就是八旗的雏形。1616年后金建军的这一年，他又将4个“牛录”改为8个，在原来4种颜色的旗的基础上，各镶上不同颜色的边，成了8色旗，又把5个“牛录”组成一个“甲喇”，把5个“甲喇”组成一个“固山”，“固山”在汉语里的意思是旗，于是真正意义上的八旗便诞生了。

大家好!我是你们的向导，我姓高名泓泽，叫我高导好了。现在我将带领你们游览故宫，欣赏我国的文化遗产。

故宫为我国明清二朝的皇宫，也是现存最大、最完整的古建筑群。所以我们在游览时不应该乱丢垃圾，也不要随地吐痰。

进了太和殿的大门，展现在大家面前的便是一座座雄伟的宫殿。正前面那座最大的木构建宇，很是引人注目，那就是太和殿。它是皇权的象征，每当有重大活动是，皇帝都在此举行。后面的一排金碧辉煌的尬宫殿，分别是中和殿、保和殿。

这样气魄雄伟的工程，凝结了多少劳动人民的血汗与智慧呀!

游客朋友们，大家好：

欢迎大家来到沈阳，请允许我把沈阳概况向各位做一个简单介绍，使大家对沈阳有一个初步了解认识。

沈阳是中国东北地区经济、文化、交通、金融和商业中心，是辽宁省省会，是全国重要的工业城市和东北地区最大的城市，沈阳也是座落于北方的历史文化名城。1986年沈阳市被国务院授予国家级历史文化名城，成为东北地区最早命名的国家级历史文化名城。日前，

沈阳是我国仅次于北京的拥有世界文化遗产第二位的城市，是我国首批全国优秀旅游城市，沈阳还是辽宁中部城市群的中心城市，是泛东北地区的中心城市。由沈阳、鞍山、抚顺、本溪、辽阳、铁岭、营口7城市连于打造的辽宁中部城市群经济区，在交通运输、贸易流通、对外招商、旅游开发、生态环境、信息通讯等方面上正在进行全面整合，在东北亚的经济互动中将成为重要的金融、物流和文化中心。20xx年沈阳被评为中国最具活力的10大城市之一，“活力之都”成为沈阳旅游宣传的口号。沈阳还获得我国的“生态城市”的称号。20xx年，沈阳继贵阳之后荣获全国第二个“森林城市”的称号。20xx年9月1，世界园艺生产者协会第56界大会宣布继1999年昆明世园会之后，20xx年世界园艺博览会将在中国的北方的工业城市沈阳举办，这是沈阳在更高层次上的一次形象展示，进一步提升了沈阳的城市地位。

沈阳地处中国东北地区的南部，辽宁省的中部。处在东经l 22度——1 23度，北纬4l度～43度之间。东西宽115公里，南北长205公里，占地而积12980平方公里。目前沈阳市辖和平、沈河、大东、皇姑、铁西、于洪、苏家屯、东陵、新城子9个市区，以及新民、辽中、法库、康平四个县(市)，总人口I为720.4万人。居住着汉、满、回、蒙古、朝鲜、锡伯等30多个民族。

沈阳的地貌以平原为主，地势平坦，平均海拔50米左右，山地丘陵集中在东北、东南部，属辽东丘陵的延伸部分。西部是辽河、浑河冲积平原，地势从东北向西南缓缓倾斜，全市最高海拔高度为447.2米，在法库县境内;最低海拔高度为5.3米，在辽中县于家房镇。

沈阳地区矿产资源丰富，已发现有煤、石油、天然气、铁等矿藏21种，探明储量的矿种有7种，产地42处，能源矿产资源储量居辽宁之首。

沈阳属于温带季风型大陆性气候，冬季寒冷干燥，多北风和西北风，夏季高温多雨，多南风和西南风，冬夏季节温差较大。年平均气温为8.5~C，最热月为7月，平均气温为24.O~C，最冷月为1月，平均气温为一12.8~C。年平均降水量760毫米左右，季节分配不均，6--8月占全年降水的50%以上。沈阳一年四季皆可旅游，沈阳的秋季秋高气爽，是沈阳最佳的旅游季节，冬季的冰雪旅游是沈阳的又一大特色。

沈阳位于浑河北岸，浑河古称沈水。因古代以水之北岸为阳，故得名沈阳。沈阳历史悠久，早在7220xx年前，原始人类就在这里农耕渔猎，繁衍生息，创造出沈阳的新乐文化。公元前320xx年(燕昭王十二年)，燕国名将秦开在此屯兵戍边，设立侯城，为沈阳建城之始。秦代沈阳属辽东郡。西汉时沈阳是东北的军事重镇，为中部都尉治所。

公元前1 20xx年(汉武帝元封三年)为玄菟郡所辖。公元920xx年(辽神册六年)，在沈阳境内设置沈州，筑有土城。13世纪初元金交兵时，沈州士城被毁。1296年(元元贞二年)，改沈州为沈阳路，至此沈阳一称见于史册，并重筑土城，这时沈阳已成为关内外交通要冲，商品交易集散地和文化联系纽带，是东北重镇之一。1372年(明洪武五年)明军攻克沈阳，1386年改沈阳路为沈阳中卫。为加强防御，1388年在元代土城基础上新建砖城，设东南西北4门，并在城内修“十”字街通向各门。此时，在沈阳附近有开原、广宁、抚顺3大马市，进一步促进了沈阳商业、手工业的发展。

1620xx年(清天命六年)，后金汗王努尔哈赤领兵攻占沈阳，1620xx年把都城从辽阳迁至沈阳，将明代砖城加宽加高，改4门为8门，将城内“十”字街改为“井”字街，并大兴土木，修建了具有鲜明民族风格的宫殿群及寺塔。1634年(清天聪八年)，皇太极改沈阳为盛京。1644年(清顺治元年)清政权迁都北京后，以沈阳为陪都，并于1657年(清顺治十四年)以“奉天承运”之意在沈阳设奉天府，这是沈阳又名奉天的由来。1920xx年8月，奉天省划沈阳县城区及商埠地一带为市区，正式设立奉天市政公所，沈阳首次出现市的建制。1920xx年6月3日，奉系军阀张作霖被日军炸死于沈阳皇姑屯三洞桥后，张学良执政，于同年12 El 29日在沈阳宣布“东北易帜”，并于1920xx年4月2日将奉天市改名为沈阳市。1 931年日本帝国主义发动“九·一八”事变并侵占沈阳，将沈阳改为率灭市。1 945年8月抗口战争胜利，八路军进驻沈阳，奉天市恢复沈阳市名称。1 948年11月2日，沈阳获得解放。

新中国建立后，沈阳作为中国的重工业基地，为我国建设完整的民族工业体系、增强经济实力和国防实力做出了重要的历史性贡献。这里曾诞生了新中国的第一台20万千伏安变压器、第一台2500吨塔式起重机、第一架喷气式战斗机、研制成功了第一部水下机器人等等。沈阳工业的无数的辉煌业绩，载入了共和国发展的史册。目前沈阳市已形成了以机械加工为主，包括冶金、化工、医药、轻纺、电子、汽车、航空、建材等行业在内的门类齐全的工业体系，具有较强的综合加工能力和成套能力。近年来，沈阳坚持深化改革，沈阳的扩大发展取得了更加令人瞩目的成就，城市综合实力明显增强，沈阳与北京上海共同成为在世界银行评选出的41座全球最具竞争力的城市中的中国城市。

沈阳是东北地区最大的航空、铁路、公路、交通的运转中心。沈阳桃仙国际机场是东北地区最大的枢纽机场，空中交通网络水平仅次于北京、上海、广州。沈阳也是东北地区最大的铁路枢纽，铁路网密度在全国堪称首位。沈阳到大连的高速公路，贯穿辽东半岛的7座城市，把沈阳同辽宁中部城市群和港口城市紧密连在一起。沈阳也是东北地区最大的信息中心和通讯枢纽。

沈阳是一座著名的旅游城市，旅游景观丰富多彩，名胜古迹众多，沈阳的“一一宫两陵”(清故宫、清福陵、清昭陵)在国内外有重要影响，于20xx年7月1曰在28届世界遗产委员会上被列入《世界遗产名录》，成为世界文化遗产。沈阳市的其它旅游资源也很有特色，主要有棋盘山国际风景旅游开发区、张氏帅府、“九一八”历史博物馆、新民“三农"博览园、沈阳古陨石、沈阳满族民俗村、沈阳怪坡、沈阳的寺庙、皇寺庙会、一些民国名人的公馆遗迹等。沈阳也是一座美食城，著名的有“中华名小吃"老边饺子、马家烧麦等;还有辽宁10大美食之一的满汉全席、扒锅肘子、以及辽菜风格的地方名菜等。

沈阳，曾拥有历史文化名城的灿烂和悠久，也曾拥有中国工业重镇的辉煌和骄傲，今天，改革开放的旗帜和振兴东北老工业基地的国策，为前进中的沈阳增添了更加绚丽的色彩和强大的动力。现代化大都市的美好前景激励着720余万沈阳人民奋发进取，走向世界，开拓未来。

关于沈阳的概况，我给各位朋友就介绍到这里。

“各位先生，各位女士，大家好，我是环球旅行社的一名导游，我姓覃，你们可以叫我覃导或小覃。今天由我来带领大家去故宫游玩。”

“故宫又称紫禁城，东西宽750米，南北长960米，面积达到72万平方米，差不多有一千五百多个篮球场那么大。故宫的城墙上有四个门，南边有午门，北边有神武门，东边有东华门，西边有西华门。”

“我们现在来到了太和殿，太和殿是故宫三大殿之首，建在五米高的汉白玉台基上，殿高36米，宽63米，面积2380平方米。大殿正中，两米高的台子上是金漆雕龙宝座，宝座背后是高雅的屏风。清明两代皇帝即位、诞辰以及春节、冬至等庆典均在此举行。”

“沿此继续前进，眼前的这座宫殿也是三大殿之一，它叫中和殿。该殿是一座单檐攒尖顶的方形殿。走廊列柱20根，黄琉璃瓦四攒尖顶，正中有鎏金宝顶。皇帝有事去太和殿前，先在此小憩，接受内阁、礼部及侍卫等朝拜。每逢各种大礼的前一天，皇帝也在此阅览奏章和祝辞。”

“这是保和殿，也是三大殿之一。清朝每年的除夕和元宵，皇帝在些宴请王公贵族和文武大臣，到乾隆年间，把三年一次的殿试由太和殿移到此处举行~~~~”

“好了，今天的故宫之行就愉快的结束了，祝大家玩得开心!”

中国明清两代的皇宫，又称紫禁城，地点位于北京城中心。开始建造与明永乐四年至十八年，也就是现在说的142019年至1420年，后来经过多个朝代的劳动人民细心修改，变的非常的富丽堂皇，但仍保持着原来的布局和规模，，是世界上保存的最完整、规模最大的古代木构架宫殿建筑群。最先的设计人是蔡信、阮安等，主持施工的人是蒯详、陆详等，名字里都有详哦!

我们说完了北京故宫的历史和人物建造，现在该说说外观和排列顺序了吧!

这座城设四个门，南门正中面是午门、北边是神武门、东为东华门，西为西华门，四门个建有重檐庑殿顶门楼。这座城的四个角都还布有一些结构精巧、外观秀丽的角楼。外面的墙有10米多高呢!还有护城河宽52米，够宽的吧!长3800米，整个建筑群按南北中间的中轴线为对称布局，层次分明，主次有序。

听完了一以上那些，你应该对北京故宫有些了解了吧!可能你还不知道把，连皇帝的住所都是那么井井有条!

前三殿是全宫最大的建筑群，占地面积有达8.5万平方米，是宫城的12%，后三供则为前三殿的25%，期于宫殿依次递减，主要突出前三殿、后三宫的主要地位。1961年定位中国第一批全国重点文物保护单位，已被联合过教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。

歙县国家历史文化名城—歙(shè)县，位于安徽省南部，118°15′E～118°53′E，29°30′N～30°7′N，黄山市的一个县。全县总面积2122平方公里，人口约49万。

这里历史悠久，文风昌盛。秦始置县，古称新安，自隋唐以来，一直为州治、府治所在地，史称“徽州府”，是古徽州政治、经济、文化中心，素有“东南邹鲁”、“文化之邦”的美誉，是中国三大地域文化之一——徽文化的主要发祥地和集中展示地，也是著名的“中国徽墨之都”和“中国歙砚之乡”，更是在明清两代曾辉煌近四百年的徽商故里。文物古迹遍布全县，徽州古城为中国保存最完好的四大古城之一。这里孕育了宋代活字版印刷术的发明家毕升，农民起义领袖汪华、方腊，明代著名诗人、散文和杂剧作家汪道昆，明代文渊阁大学士许国，清朝体仁阁大学士曹振镛等文人名仕;祝确(朱熹的外祖父)、江元、吴养春、鲍漱芳、江春、叶天赐等著名历史徽商和吴荣寿、程霖生、王致和等著名近代徽商;制墨大家曹素功;新安画派奠基人渐江、清代著名画家和书法家汪士慎、现代国画大师黄宾虹;近代经学大师吴承仕和经济学家王茂荫，人民教育家陶行知，革命音乐家张曙，文学评论家叶以群，党和国家领导人职业革命家柯庆施等一大批历史名人。程朱理学、新安画派、徽派建筑、徽派盆景、新安医学、新安文学及徽戏、徽墨、歙砚、徽菜等都闪耀着徽文化的灿烂光芒，在中国文化中独树一帜。

歙县是国家文化历史名城，自宋至清，商业繁荣，教育发达。许国石坊、棠樾牌坊群、渔梁坝、郑氏宗祠、竹山书院、许村古建筑群为国家级重点文物保护单位。新安碑园石刻、渐江墓、长庆寺塔、太平桥、南谯楼、忠烈祠坊、圣僧庵壁画、黄宾虹故居、贞白里坊、新州石塔、方春福宅、张林福宅、方士载宅、丰口四面坊、殷尚书坊及大司徒坊、潘氏宗祠、吴氏宗祠、风雨廊桥、东谯楼、徽州府衙、敬本堂、曹氏二宅、稠墅牌坊群、天心堂、棠樾古民居、员公支祠、周氏宗祠、汪华墓、昱岭关、大母堨、昌溪庙坦及水口、紫阳桥、叶村洪氏宗祠、万年桥、太湖祠、槐塘双坊、石潭吴氏宗祠、巴慰祖宅、 徽州府衙、蕃村鲍氏宗祠、王氏故宅、郑村和义堂、雄村五石坊、吴承仕宅、张曙故居、蜈蚣岭梯田及大队部旧址为省级重点文物保护单位。境内还有徽州国家森林公园、清凉峰国家自然保护区。棠樾牌坊群-鲍家花园景区、徽州古城景区、新安江山水画廊景区、歙县雄村景区为国家4A级旅游景区。

歙县传统上分东南西北四乡，风俗迥异，除了共同的节日以外，各地还有不相同的风俗节日，西乡有岩寺的“上九”(正月初九)、堨田的“四月八”、潜口的“六月二”等，民间都要筹集款项，建台演戏，四乡的农具家具、生活用品、竹木器具云集到村镇上来交流销售，人来人往，热闹非凡。如今，还保留着这些传统的风俗节日，不过内容更加充实，真正变成了规模很大的物资交流会。

东乡也有风俗节，如大谷运的“六月一”、汪满田的“六月十”、桃坑的“六月半”、桃岭的“七月半”、竦坑的“十月半”等，俗称“保熟节”、“庆熟节”。在这些节日里，有的用面粉做咸淡面包，有的做油煎米果，有的裹粽子，都为的祈求风调雨顺，五谷大熟。并有用面包、米果、粽子互送亲戚，以示“撒福”，相互祝愿。南乡和北乡的许多地方，还有社节，俗称“土地节”。二月春分和八月秋分，为一年中的“二、八”社节。过去，人们要去社公祠、土地庙祭拜，祈求年景大熟。有的地方还要剪些寸长的麦杆与黄豆炒在一起，到田畈里去祭拜，谓之“炒虫”。这一天，小孩子要剃光头，谓之“除虫窝”，意思是祈求无虫无病，五谷丰登。

沈阳位于中国东北地区南部，辽宁省中部，以平原为主，山地、丘陵集中在东南部，辽河、浑河、秀水河等途经境内。沈阳是东北地区最大的铁路、公路、航空交通枢纽中心，拥有东北地区最大的民用航空港，全国最大的铁路编组站和全国最高等级的“一环五射”高速公路网。

沈阳是东北地区最大的中心城市，有“东方鲁尔”“共和国第一长子”的美誉。沈阳是正在建设中的沈阳经济区(沈阳都市圈)的核心城市。地处东北亚经济圈和环渤海经济圈的中心，工业门类齐全，具有重要的战略地位。以沈阳为中心，半径150公里的范围内，集中了以基础工业和加工工业为主的8大城市，构成了资源丰富、结构互补性强、技术关联度高的辽宁中部城市群。沈阳拥有东北地区最大的民用航空港，全国最大的铁路编组站和全国最高等级的“一环五射”高速公路网。沟通世界各大港口的大连港、正在开发建设的营口新港和锦州港，距沈阳均不超过400公里，具有得天独厚的地理区位优势，作为东北中心城市的沈阳，对周边乃至全国都具有较强的吸纳力、辐射力和带动力。

沈阳森林面积为14.7万公顷，草场面积为8.2万公顷。水资源总量为32.6亿立方米，其中地表水面积11.4亿立方米，地下水21.2亿立方米。已发现各类矿产 36 种，其中探明储量的矿种13种，煤20亿吨，天然气储量107亿立方米。沈阳地处辽宁中部城市群中心，150公里为半径的范围内，分布着钢铁基地鞍山，煤炭基地抚顺，化纤基地辽阳，煤铁基地本溪，石油基地盘锦，煤粮基地铁岭，电力基地阜新等7座大型工商业城市， 构成了经济联系特别紧密，市场容量巨大，发展前途十分广阔的辽宁中部城市群体。不仅可为工业企业提供取之不尽、用之不竭的矿产资源，而且还是一个购买力极强的产品销售市。

“大家好，我们今天一起前往北京故宫游玩，北京故宫始建于十四世纪一十年代，竣工十四世纪二十年代，面积约为723600，有九千九百九十九间半的房间，位置在北京市东城区景山前街4号 ，是清朝皇帝生活的地方，也是慈禧垂帘听政的宫殿。

好了，我们来到了天安门，我们向右看，那就是升旗队伍，每早四点，他们就需要在天安门升旗，可以说是北京的一大特色。向前看，这就是故宫的大门——午门，传言，这里是曾经死刑犯的归宿。好了，我们现在进了午门，现在，我们向前走就到了——朝阳门，过去那阵子，没有铁路交通。南方出产的粮食往北京调运，必须走通惠河，通过水路运到北京东边的通州。在朝阳门后还有许多宫殿，希望大家细细游赏，下午四点半，午门集合。谢谢大家。”

大家好，今天我们来到的是著名的世界遗产之一故宫，它以园林景观和容纳了家具及工艺品的9000个房间的庞大建筑群，成为明清时代中国文明无价的历史见证。

首先来到的是太和殿。太和殿俗称金銮殿，在故宫的中心部位，是故宫三大殿之一。殿内有金漆木柱和精致的蟠龙藻井，上挂“正大光明”匾，话说先帝死前会把写有继承人的纸条塞入匾后。殿中间就是封建皇权的象征——金漆雕龙宝座。这太和殿红墙黄瓦，在阳光下金碧辉煌，是故宫最壮观的建筑。

参观完太和殿，就来到中和殿。中和殿是故宫三大殿之一，位于太和殿后。平面呈方形，黄色琉璃瓦、四角攒尖顶，正中间有镀金宝顶。形体壮丽，建筑精巧。

保和殿也是故宫三大殿之一，在中和殿后。平面长方形，建筑装修与彩绘十分精细绚丽。

乾清宫在故宫内庭最前面。从前此处为康熙皇帝居住和处理政务之处，清雍正后皇帝曾移居养心殿，但依旧在此批阅奏报，选派官吏和召见臣下。

再看，交泰殿在乾清宫和坤宁宫之间，含天地交合、安康美满之意。其建于明代，是座四角攒尖，镀金宝顶，龙凤纹饰的方形殿。明、清时，此殿是皇后生日举办寿庆活动的地方。坤宁宫在故宫“内庭”的最后面。明代时为皇后住所。清代时改为祭神场所。其中东暖阁为皇帝大婚的洞房，康熙、同治、光绪三帝，均在此举行婚礼。

再来到回音壁，它是中国木结构建筑的顶峰，仅凭木榫交结，斗拱支架，全用木材就完成了这一惊世杰作。天坛另一美妙绝伦之处，是奇妙的回声。站在圜丘坛的中心叫一声，你会听到从地层深处传来的明亮而深沉的回响，这声音仿佛来自地心，又似乎来自天空，所以人们为它取了一个充满神秘色彩的名字：“天心石”。在皇穹宇的四周有一道厚约0。9米的围墙，你站在一端贴着墙小声说话，站在另一端的人只要耳贴墙面就能听的异常清晰，并且还有立体声效果，这就是“回音壁”，这可以证明52019年前的中国人已经能够运用声学原理了。

故宫是一座庞大的建筑群，我说也说不完，就请你们去细细游赏。

天童寺位于宁波市鄞州区东乡太白山麓，号称“东南佛国”，为我国“五大丛林”之一。天童禅寺自义兴祖师开山以来，经历代相承，终于成为巍巍卓立。雄尊秀蔚，千楹万础，规模宏大的禅宗十方丛林。 天童禅寺现存的规模，基本上保持明季的格局。整个建筑群体布局严谨，结构精致，主次分明，疏密得体。

雄伟高大的天王殿、佛殿、法堂、藏经楼、罗汉堂等主体殿堂，依次座落在倚山势而建的广阔台基上，一殿高于一殿逐级高升，气势磅礴。各殿堂均按我国古代传统建筑形式，重檐叠阁，画栋雕梁，庄严而古朴，成为古刹的“中轴线”。

东西两旁有新新堂、伽蓝殿、云水堂、自得齐、立雪轩和客堂、祖师殿、应供堂、静观堂、面壁居等十几个僧房客寮对称分布。与主体殿堂互相呼应，互为衬托。所有殿堂楼阁均以长廊连接，只有一进入寺门，晴天不晒太阳，雨于不走湿路，便可到达寺内任何一处，可见建造者的独具匠心。

故宫英文导游词

forbidden city(紫禁城)

(in front of the meridian gate)

ladies and gentlemen:

i am pleased to serve as your guide today.

this is the palace museum; also know as the purple forbidden city. it is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in china today. under ming emperor yongle, construction began in 1406. it took 14years to build the forbidden city. the first ruler who actually lived here was ming emperor zhudi. for five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when qing emperor puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .in 1987, the united nations educational, scientific and cultural organization recognized the forbidden city was a world cultural legacy.

it is believed that the palace museum, or zi jin cheng (purple forbidden city), got its name from astronomy folklore, the ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the ziwei yuan(north star). the constellation containing the north star was called the constellation of heavenly god and star itself was called the purple palace. because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. in folklore, the term ”an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, laozi, to the hanghu pass. here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. the word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.

the red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. yellow is the color of the earth on the loess plateau, the original home of the chinese people. yellow became an imperial color during the tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.

the forbidden city is rectangular in shape. it is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west. it has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters .a 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex. octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall. there are four entrances into the city: the meridian gate to the south, the shenwu gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(western flowery gate )to the west ,the donghua (eastern flowery gate) to the east.

manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the forbidden city. a total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed. marble was quarried from fangshan country mount pan in jixian county in hebei province. granite was quarried in quyang county in hebei province. paving blocks were fired in kilns in suzhou in southern china. bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in shandong province .timber was cut ,processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions.

the structure in front of us is the meridian gate. it is the main entrance to the forbidden city. it is also knows as wufenglou(five-phoenix tower). ming emperors held lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of the chinese lunar year in hornor of their counties .they also used this place for punishing officals by flogging them with sticks.

qing emperors used this building to announce the beginning of the new year. qing emperor qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremony from ban li(announcement of calendar)to ban shou(announcement of new moon )to avoid coincidental association with another emperor` s name, hongli, which was considered a taboo at that time. qing dynasty emperors also used this place to hold audience and for other important ceremonies. for example,when the imperial army returned victoriously from the battlefield ,it was here that the emperor presided over the ceremony to accept prisoners of war.

(after entering the meridian gate and standing in front of the five marble bridges on golden water river)

now we are inside the forbidden city.before we start our tour, i would like to briefly introduce you to the architectural patterns befour us .to complete this solemn, magnificent and palatial complex, a variety of buildings were arranged on a north-south axis, and 8-kilometer-long invisible line that has become an inseparable part of the city of beijing. the forbidden city covers roughly one –third of this central axis. most of the important building in the forbidden city weree arranged along this line. the design and arrangement of the palaces reflect the solemn dignity of the royal court and rigidly –stratified feudal system.

the forbidden city is divided into an outer and an inner count.we are now standing on the southernmost part of the outer count. in front of us lies the gate of supreme harmony .the gate is guarded by a pair of bronze lions ,symbolizing imperial power and dignity. the lions were the most exquisite and biggest of its kind. the one on the east playing with a ball is a male, and ball is said to represent state unity. the other one is a female. underneath one of its fore claws is a cub that is considered to be a symbol of perpetual imperial succession. the winding brook before us is the golden water river. it functions both as decoration and fire control .the five bridges spanning the river represent the five virtues preached by confucius :benevolence, righteousness, rites, intellence and fidelity. the river takes the shape of a bow and the north-south axis is its arrow. this was meant to show that the emperors ruled the country on behalf of god.

(in front of the gate of supreme harmony)

the forbidden city consists of an outer countyard and an inner enclosure. the out count yard covers a vast space lying between the meridian gate and the gate of heavenly purity. the “three big halls” of supreme harmony, complete harmony and preserving harmony constitute the center of this building group. flanking them in bilateral symmetry are two groups of palaces: wenhua (prominent scholars) and wuying (brave warriors) . the three great halls are built on a spacious “h”-shaped, 8-meter-high, triple marble terrace, each level of the triple terrace is taller than the on below and all are encircled by marble balustrades carved with dragon and phoenix designs. there are three carved stone staircases linking the three architectures .the hall of supreme harmony is also the tallest and most exquisite ancient wooden-structured mansion in all of china. from the palace of heavenly purith northward is what is known as the inner court, which is also built in bilaterally symmetrical patterns. in the center are the palace of heavenly purity, the hall of union and peace and palace of earthly tranquility, a place where the emperors lived with their families and attended to state affairs. flanking these structures are palaces and halls in which concubines and princes lived. there are also three botanical gardens within the inner count, namely, the imperial garden, caning garden and quailing garden. an inner golden water river flows eastwardly within the inner court. the brook winds through three minor halls or palaces and leads out of the forbidden city. it is spanned by the white jade bridge. the river is lined with winding, marble –carved balustrades. most of the structures within the forbidden city have yellow glazed tile roofs.

aside from giving prominence to the north-south axis, other architectural methods were applied to make every group of palatial structures unique in terms of terraces, roofs, mythical monsters perching on the roofs and colored, drawing patterns. with these, the grand contour and different hierarchic spectrum of the complex were strengthened. folklore has it that there are altogether 9,999 room-units in the forbidden city. since paradise only has 10,000 rooms, the son of heaven on earth cut the number by half a room. it is also rumoured that this half –room is located to the west of the wenyuange pavilion (imperial library). as a matter of fact, although the forbidden city has more than 9,000 room-units, this half-room is nonexistent .the wenyuange pavilion is a library where “si ku quan shu”- china `s first comprehensive anthology-was stored.

(after walking past the gate of supreme harmony)

ladies and gentlemen, the great hall we are approaching is the hall of supreme harmony, the biggest and tallest of its king in the forbidden city. this structure covers a total building space of 2,377 square meters, and is know for its upturned, multiple counterpart eaves . the hall of supreme harmony sits on a triple “h”-shaped marble terrace the is 8meters high and linked by staircases. the staircase on the ground floor has 21 steps while the middle and upper stairways each have 9.

the construction of the hall of supreme harmony began in 1406. it burned down three times and was severely damaged once during a mutiny. the existing architecture was built during the qing dynasty. on the corners of the eaves a line of animal-nails were usually fastened to the tiles. these animal-nails were later replace with mythical animals to ward off evil spirits. there are altogether 9 such fasteners on top of this hall. the number nine was regarded by the ancients to be the largest numeral accessible to man and to which only the emperors were entitled.

there was a total of 24 successive emperors during the ming and qing dynasties who were enthroned here. the ball was also used for ceremonies which marked other great occasions: the winter solstice, the chinese lunar new year, the emperor` s birthday, conferral of the title of empress, the announcement of new laws and policies, and dispatches of generals to war .on such occasions, the emperor would hold audience for his court officials and receive their tributes.

this area is called the hall of supreme harmony square, which covers a total of 30,000 square meters, without a single tree or plant growing here, this place inspires visitors to feel its solemnity and grandeur. in the middle of the square there is a carriageway that was reserved for the emperor. on both sides of the road the groud bricks were laid in a special way seven layers lengthwise and eight layers crosswise, making up fifteen layers in all. the purpose of this was to prevent anyone from tunneling his way into the palace. in the count yard there are iron vats for storing water to fight fires. in the whole complex there are altogher 308 water vats. in wintertime, charcoal was burned underneath the vats to keep the water from freezing .why so vast a square? it was designed to impress people with the hall` s grandeur and vastness. imagine the following scene. under the clear blue sky, the yellow glazed tiles shimmered as the cloud-like layers of terrace, coupled with the curling veil of burning incense, transformed the hall of supreme harmony into a fairyland. whenever major ceremonies were held, the glazed, crane-shaped candleholders inside the hall would be it, and incense and pine branches burnt in front of the hall. when the emperor appeared, drums were beaten and musical instrument played. civilian officials and generals would kneel know in submission.

the last qing emperor puyi assumed the throne in 1908, at the age of three, his father carried him to the throne. at the start of the coronation, the sudden drum-beating and loud music caught the young emperor unprepared .he was so scared that he kept crying and shouting,”i don’t want to stay here. i want to go home.” his father tried to soothe him, saying, ”it` all soon be finished .it` all soon be finished ”the ministers present at the event considered this incident inauspicious. coincidentally, the qing dynasty collapsed three years later and there with concluded china `s feudal system that had lasted for more than 2,000 years.

(on the stone terrace of the hall of supreme harmony)

this is a bronze incense burner. in it incense made of sandalwood would be burnt on important occasions. there are altogether 18 incense burners, representing all of the provinces under the rule of the sing monarchs. on either side of the hall, 4 bronze water-filled vats were placed in case of fire. next to the terrace on either side, there is a bronze crane and tortoise, symbols of longevity. this copper-cast grain measure is called ”jialiang.” it served as the national standard during the qing dynasty. it was meant to show that the imperial ruler were just and open to rectification. on the other side there is a stone sundial, an ancient timepiece. the jialiang and the sundial were probably meant to show what the emperor represented: that he was the only person who should possess the standards of both measure and time.

in the very forefront of the hall of supreme harmony , there are 12 scarlet , round pillars supporting the roof. the hall is 63 meters from east to west and 37 meters from north to south, it is 35 meters in height. in front of this architechture, there stands a triple terrace with five staircases leading up to the main entrance .it has 40 gold doors and 16 gold-key windows with colored drawings on the pillars and beams. in the middle of the hall, a throune carved with 9 dragons sits on a 2-meter-high platform. behind the throne there is a golden screen and in front of it, there is a imperial desk . the flanks are decorated with elephants, luduan(a legendary beast), cranes, and incense barrels. the elephant carries a vase on its back that holds five cereals(i. e. rice, two kinds of millet, wheat and beans),which was considered a symbol of prosperity. as ancient legend has it that luduan can travel 18,000 li (9,000 kilometers )in one day and knows all languages and dialects. only to a wise adjust monarch will this beast be a guardian.

the hall of supreme harmony is also popularly known as jinluan dian (gold bell hall or the throne hall). the floor of the hall is laid with bricks that turn it into a smooth, fine surface as if water has been sprinkled on it .the so-called golden brick, in fact, has nothing to do with gold. reserved exclusively for the construction of the royal court, it was made in a secretive, and complex way, and, when struck, sounds like the clink of a gold bar. each brick was worth the market price of one dan (or one hectoliter ) of rice.

the hall is supported by a total of 72 thick pillars .of these, 6 are carved in dragon patterns and painted with gold and surround the throne. above the very center of this hall there is a zaojing, or covered ceiling, which is one of the specialities of china `s ancient architure. in the middle of the ceiling is a design of a dragon playing with a ball inlaid with peals. this copper ball, hollow inside and covered with mercury, is known as the xuanyuan mirror and is thought to be made xuanyuan, a legendary monarch dating back to remote antiquity. the placing of the caisson above the throne is meant to suggest that all of china` s successive emperors are zuanyuan` s descendants and hereditary heirs. now you might have noticed that the xuanyuan mirror is not directly above the throne. why? it is rumored that yuan shikai, a self-acclaimed warlord-turned emperor moved the throne further back because he was afraid that the mirror might fall on him .in 1916 when yuan shikai became emperor, he removed the original throne with a western-style, high-back chair. after the foundation of the people` s republic of china in 1949 the throne was found in a shabby furniture warehouse. it repaired and returned to the hall.

(leading the tourist to the bronze vats either on the east or the west)

the water vats in front of the palaces or house were called “menhai,” or sea before the door by the ancient chinese. they believed that with a sea by the door, fire could not wreak havoc. the vats served both as a decoration and as a fire extinguisher. they were kept full of water all year round.

during the qing dynasty, they were altogether 308 vats in the palace enclosure. they were made of gilt bronze or iron. of couse, the gilt bronze vats were of the best quality. when the allied forces (britain, germany, france, russia, the united states, italy, japan and austria) invaded beijing in 1900 under the pretext of suppressing the boxer rebellion, the invaders ransacked the imperial compound and scraped and gold off the vats with their bayonets. during the japanese occupation of beijing, many vats were trucked away by the japanese to be made into bullets .

(in front of the hall of complete harmony)

the square architecture before us is called the hall of complete harmony. it served as an antechamber. the emperor came here to meet with his countiers and add his final touches to the prayers which would be read at the ancestral temple. the seeds, snowers and prayer intended for spring sowing were also examined here. the two qing sedan chairs here on display were used for traveling within the palace during the reign of emperor qianlong.

(in front of the hall f preserving harmony)

this is the hall of preserving harmony. during the qing dynasty, banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of mongolian and northwestern china` s xingjiang princes and ranking officials. the emperor also dinned here with his new son-in-law on the wedding day. imperial examinations were also held here once every three years. during the ming and qing dynasties, there were three levels of exams: the county and prefectural level, the provincial level and national level. the national exam was presided over by the emperor. the civil service exam in ancient china started during the han dynasty. it served the purpose of recruiting confucian scholars to the ministers and high officials. during the tang and qing dynasties reinstituted and ancient system. once every three years, three hundred scholars from all over the country came to beijing and took exams for three day and night. this system was abolished in 1905.

(behind the hall of preserving harmony)

this is the largest stone carving in the palace . it is 16.73 meters long, 3.07 meters wide and 1.7 meters thick .it weighs about 200 tons. the block was quarried in fangshan county, roughly 70 kilometers away. to transport such a huge block to beijing, laborers dug wells along the roadside half a kilometer apart, and used the groundwater to make a road of ice in the winter. rolling blocks were used in the summer. in 1760, emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty ordered the carving of the existing cloud and dragon design in place of the old one which dated back to the ming dynasty.

note : from here, the tour can be conducted via three different routes: a western route(route a), a central route (route b) or an eastern route (route c) .the commentary for each follows.

route a

ladies and gentlemen:

you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i ` d like to show you around the hall of mental cultivation and the imperial garden . the hall of mental cultivation is situated is in the western part of the innermost enclosure and is symmetrical to fengxian (enshrinement of forebears) hall in the east. this hall was built during the ming dynasty. it is a h-shaped structure consisting of an antechamber and a main building .the hall is surrounded by corridors. in front of the hall is the office of privy council.

before emperor kangxi of qing the dynasty came to power the hall of heavenly purity served as the living quarter of the emperors. emperor yongzheng chose to live in this hall and attended to every day state affairs from here .for the sake of protecting cultural relics, this hall is not open to the public .you can have a look at the inside from the door. the central hall was the audience chamber where the emperor read memorials, granted audience to officials and summoned his minsters for consultation. the western chamber of the hall was where the emperor read reports and discussed military and political affairs. the hall consists of many inner rooms and is decorated with images of buddha and miniature pagodas. on the screen wall there hangs a picture of two emperors in the han costume. in a southern room there three rare calligraphic scrolls, hence the name of the room “sanxitang” (room of three rare treasures) . the room on the eastern side is of historical interst because it was here that empress dowager cixi usurped power and made decisions on behalf of the young emperor . a bamboo curtain was used to separate them .

empress dowage cixi was born in 1835 in lu` an prefecture of shanxi province. she` s of manchurian nationality and her father was a provincial governor from south china. when she was 17 years old ,she was selected to become a concubine of emperor xianfeng and moved into the forbidden city. she gave birth to a son when she was 21years old and was made a concubine the following year. when the emperor passed away in the summer of 1861, her son ascended the throne and title of cixi, meaning “holy mother” was conferred upon her and she became the empress dowager. in that same year empress dowager cixi carried out a count coup d` etat and ruled behind the scenes with another empress dowager, ci` an, for 48 years. she passed away in 1908 at the age of 73. it was in reference to this situation that the term “attending to state affairs behind a bamboo curtain” developed .in 1912 , empress dowager longyu declared the abdication of the last qing emperor puyi. they were allowed to remain in the forbidden city for the next 13 years .the royal family was forced to move out permanently in 1924.

behind the central hall were the living accommodation of 8 successive qing emperors .three of them actually passed away here. the side rooms flanking the hall were reserved for empresses and concubines. now let` s continue with our tour. it will take us to the hall of heavenly purity , the hall of union and peace ,the palace of earthly tranquility, and the imperial garden.

route b

(inside the hall of heavenly purity)

ladies and gentlemen:

we are now entering the inner court. from the gate of heavenly purity northward lies the inner court where the emperors and empresses once lived .the hall of heavenly purity is the central hall of the inner court ,and was completed during the reign of emperor yongle of the ming dynasty. there are 10 pillars supporting the entire structure and the hall is 20 meters in height .in the center of the hall there a throne. above it hangs a plaque with an inscription that reads “be open and above-board,” written by shenzhi,the first emperor of the qing dynasty. beginning with qianlong` s reign, the name of the successor to the throne was not publicly announced .instead, it was written on two pieces of paper, one to be kept on the emperor` s person throughout his reign, and the other placed in a small strongbox that was stored behind his plaque. the box was opened only after the emperor passed away. altogether there where 4 emperors who ascended the throne in this way, namely qianlong, jiaqing, daohuang and xian feng.

the hall of heavenly purity was where the emperors lived during the ming and qing dynasties. according to tradition ,extravagant annual banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of royal family members. foreign ambassadors were received here during the late-qing period. two important “one thousand old men` s feasts” of the qing dynasty were also held here. all the invitees had to be at least 65 years of age.

this hall was also used for mourning services.

(inside the palace of union and peace)

this hall sits between the hall of heavenly purity and the palace of earthly tranquility, symbolizing the union of heaven and earth ,as well as national peace .it was first built in 1420 and reconstructed in 1798. the hall is square in shape ,and is smaller than the hall of complete harmony .you will see a plaque here inscribed with two chinese characters, wu wei, which were handwritten by emperor qianglong. a throne sits in the middle of the hall with a screen behind it .above the throne there hangs a caisson ,or covered ceiling. the emperor held birthday celebrations and other major events here.

in 1748 during emperor qianlong` s reign, 25 jade seals representing imperial authority were kept in this hall .no seals were allowed out of the room without the prior consent of the emperor. on each flack there is a water clock and a chiming clock.

(inside the palace of earthly tranquility)

this used to be the central hall where successive ming empresses lived. during the qing dynasty, it was converted into a place where sacrifices and wedding ceremonies were held .the room on the western side was used for sacrifices and the room on the east was the seeding chamber.

route c

ladies and gentlemen:

you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i` d like to show you around scenes of interest along the eastern route. the first is the treasure hall. this mansion is called the hall of imperial zenith. this is where sing emperor quailing lived after abdication. nearly 1,000 artifacts and treasures are on display here, among which the golden hair tower is one of the most famous. this tower is 1.53meters in height and its base is 0.53 meters in circumference .it was built under the order of emperor quailing to be used to collect fallen hair in commemoration of his mother. there is also a “day harnessing water jade hill ” on display here. yu was a legendary monarch of the remote ixia dynasty. under his leadership, the people learned how to harness the yellow river. this jade assemblage, 224 centimeters in height and 5 tons in weight, is the largest jade artwork in china. this mat was woven with peeled ivory. these artifacts are among china` s rarest treasures.

(in front of the nine-dragon screen)

this is the nine-dragon relief screen .erected in 1773,it is 3.5 meters in height and 29.4 meters in width. underneath is a foundation made of marble .the surface of the screen is laid with a total of 270 colored, glazed tiles in the design of 9 dragons ,some rocky mountains ,clouds and the sea. it was meant to ward off evil spirits the ancient chinese regarded 9 dragons, some rocky mountains, clouds and the sea. it was meant to ward off evil spirits .the ancient chinese regarded 9 as the largest numeral and the dragon as a auspicious beast .the 9 dragons are different in color and posture and all are made of glazed tiles. interestingly a piece of the third dragon from the left is made of wood. it is believe that when the nine-dragon screen was almost finished ,a piece of glazed tile was damaged .emperor qianlong was scheduled to inspect the work the following day .using quick wits, the craftsman in question molded the missing piece with clay and sailed through the imperial inspection. later ,he asked a carpenter to carve a wooden one to replace the one made of clay.

(approaching the imperial garden)

behind the palace of earthly tranquility and trading the north-south axis is the imperial garden. there are old trees, rare flowers and exotic rock formation in this garden .it cover a space of 11,700 square meters, or roughly 1.7 percent of the forbidden city. most of the structures in the garden are symmetrically arranged . however, each is different in terms of parrern and decoration. woods clumps of bamboo screen off the garden and strengthens its deep and serene atmosphere.

there main structure of the imperial garden is the qin` an hall. positioned in the central-northern part of the garden ,this hall is flanked by other halls and pavilions on the east and west. the hall sits on a marble pedestal. the taoist deity of zhenwu is enshrined here and emperor would pay homage here a quarterly basis. taoist rites were held during the reign of emperor jiajing of the ming dynasty. in front of the hall there is a cypress that is 400 years old .in all there are a dozen such rare trees in the garden, and most of them are cypresses or pines. to the northwest of the hall , there is the yanhui(sustaining sunshine) pavilion and to the northeast there lies the duixiu (accumulated refinement )hill. this hill was built over the foundation of the long- pershed guanhua (admiring flowers) hall of the ming dynasty. it is 14 meters in height and made of al kinds of rocks quarried in jiang su province. at its base stand two nstone lions, each carrying a dragon shooting water 10 meters up into the air from its mouth. there are meandering paths leading to the hilltop. at the top of duixiu hill sits the yujing (imperial viewing)pavilion. traditionally, on the day of the double ninth festival (the ninth day of the ninth lunar month ), the emperor ,his consort, and his concubines would climb up to yujing pavilion to enjoy the scenery.

at the southeastern corner of the garden is jiangxue(crimson snowy) verandah. nearby to the southwest lies yangxing study (study of the cultivation of nature) .the yangxing study was used as a royal library during the reign of emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty. the last emperor of the qing dynasty, puyi once studied english there. in front of the jiangxue verandah some chinese flowering crabapples grow. the structure got its name from the crabapples who blossoms trun from crimson to snowy white. in front of the verandah, there grows a rare flower that was brought from henna province under the order of empress dowager cixi. in the northest is chizao tang (hall of using flowery language), once used as a library where rare books were stored.

there are also specific pavilions symbolizing the four seasons .the halls of wanchun and qianqiu ,representing spring and autumn respectively ,are square in shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shaped ridges. the halls of chengrui and fubi,dedecated to winter and summer, are characterized by two verandahs and bridges at their bases .paths were paved with colorful pebbles and arranged in 900 different designs.

the imperial garden can be accessed through the qiong yuan (jade garden )west gate or the qiong yuan east gate. a third gate, the shunzhen(obedience and fidelity)gate, opens to the north. its doors are laid in glazed tiles and it was only used by the empress or concubines.

as our tour of the forbidden city draws to a close, i hope that i have helped you understand why the palace is a treasure of china and one of the cultural relics of the world. it is under the strict protection of the chinese government. since 1949 when the people` s rupublic of china was founded, nearly one trillion rmb was spent on its restoration and refurbishment. the forbidden city has undergone four major facelifts to date. each year, the government earmarks a large sum to gather, sort and study cultural relics. the palace now contains a total of 930,000cultural relics. well, so much for today .let` s go to reboard the coach. thank you !