北海银滩英文导游词（最新20篇）

Dear visitors, my name is yu-chen zhang, is jiujiang landscape travel guide. Today I lead you to visit the place is only in the "world heritage" of China cultural landscape - lushan scenic area.

Lushan mountain in jiujiang in jiangxi province in central China, the south, also known as "KuangShan", "KuangLu", lists of the Yangtze, tight in poyang lake. The whole of a total of more than 90 peaks. To hanyang peak, the highest peak either altitude 1473.4 meters, the lushan mountain scenery to "show, and the risks, the male" is famous, known as "KuangLu under well of guilin" reputation, is now main twelve landscape, 37, 230 scenery landscape. Lushan early have "lu" of fairy tales, fog day up to an average of 191 days, diffuse clouds of lushan added a lot of the beauty of the landscape charming and mysterious.

Lushan mountain is one of the birthplace of Chinese civilization, as well as a collection of scenery, culture, religion, education, politics, as one of the famous through the ages. Also has a unique quaternary glacial relics, is the theory of the quaternary glacial birthplace.

Now we can visit freely, then well come to here.

Welcome to here, let me to introduce for everybody!

"See China in five hundred, please come to Beijing, want to see China in five thousand, please go to xi an", see this you should know the history of the xi an long, xi an was the capital of 13 dynasties, is also one of the seven ancient capitals in China, together with Athens, Cairo, Rome more is known as the "worlds four major ancient civilization". Xian, called chang an. Around xian imperial mausoleum, palace ruins, ancient temple of acquainting and garden scenic spots, is a treasure trove of xi an became a history and culture, numerous cultural relics to reveal it once had the brilliant and deep rich historical and cultural charm. Is in such a city, in this you can feel the Chinese for thousands of years of vicissitudes of life change, and the development of the Chinese civilization and the greatest of the Chinese nation.

In Beijing on January 14, 20xx, the national 5 a-class tourist scenic spot of opening ceremony, the xi an qujiang wild goose pagoda? Datang furong garden scenic spot success promotion national 5 a grade scenic spot, become after the Terra Cotta Warriors, huaqing pool and runs in our province, the fourth national 5 a-class tourist scenic spot, is the first company in xi an city 5 a level scenic area, is the first regional, many attractions whole packaging promotion national 5 a grade scenic spot.

Xi an qujiang wild goose pagoda? Datang lotus park scenic area is located in the core region of xi an qujiang newly developed area, with a total area of 3.8 square kilometers, is Chinas only journal theme scenic spots. There are tang changan xuan zang translated by land, day - the temple of Buddhism; Xi an landmarks, one thousand sites - wild goose pagoda; Architectural landscape, nature, save big tang temple Ursa major temple tang big temple ruins park base sites; Chinas first comprehensive display of tang style park - datang furong garden; In the tang dynasty QuJiangChi site for dating, followed the open cultural experience of landscape pattern of the park - park QuJiangChi sites; After 1400 years of wind and rain of the tang dynasty city wall ruins, restore reproduce the character of the tang dynasty and the tang dynasty as the theme of the artistic conception of tang dynasty city wall ruins park; There is Asias largest matrix water dance music square, leisure culture of great wild goose pagoda scenic area, dazzle beautiful tang Yin and datang city that never sleeps.

Cultural and historical resources of the scenic spot, beautiful scenery and pleasant environment, everywhere embodies the concept of environmental protection and humanistic care, has become a new card in xian city, the ancient capital tourism new brand. Visitors enter the scenic area, every footprint walk on site, every journey to complete the dialogue with history.

各位游客朋友，大家好!欢迎各位来到风景秀美，气候宜人，美食成堆美女如云，帅哥成林的风景名胜景区北海，俗话说的好：“百年修的同船渡，千年修的共枕眠”现在流行的说法呢就是百年修的同车行，我们大家今天在同一辆车里可是百年才修来的缘分呐，小周真是深感荣幸啊，中国有句话说要活到老学到老，那来到了北海呢，首先我们也要学习一下三个代表啊：第一：我谨代表北海人民对各位远道而来的客人表示热烈的欢迎，第二：我谨代表商务旅游公司全体员工欢迎大家参加本次快乐之旅，欢迎，欢迎，热烈欢迎。第三个代表呢是我代表我本人和司机师傅，做个简单的介绍，我呢是来自商务旅游公司的一名导游员，也是大家这次北海之行的地接导游，我的名字是周小燕，大家可以叫我小周或者周导，只要让我知道你们是在叫我就可以了啊。

那接下来呢我要为大家隆重的介绍一下在我们本次旅游中占有绝对重要位置的人，那就是为我们保驾护航的司机师傅X师傅，我们业内呢，有这样的说法，司机呢到了吉林是急开，到了蒙古呢是猛开，到了上海是胡开，那有没有人能想到来了我们广西是怎么开啊?还是我来接开谜底吧，我们广西的师傅呢，比较特殊，他们呢是在黑白两道都能开，为什么这样说呢，那就要说到我们广西的气候了，“春有百花秋有月，夏有凉风冬有雨”，这就是我们广西的气候特征，四季分明，春夏秋三季的道路呢一般是白色的，到了冬季一下雨，道路就变成黑色了，所以呢我们的师傅是黑百两道都混的很熟的，所以大家对我们这一天的行车安全尽可以放心了。

那现在呢我想请我们车上的女士朋友呢，把你们的目光全部集中到我们师傅这里来，有这样一个说法：一等男人家外有家，二等男人家外有花，三等男人花中寻家，四等男人下了班回家。呵呵，那大家看看我们师傅属于几等男人呢?开动您的大脑，好好的想一想，哦，去掉一个错误答案，D，想我们这样，师傅一出团就是4、5天是不可能下班就回家的啊。 师傅呢可是一等一的好男人啊，为什么这样说呢，大家可别瞎想啊，我可没有说我们师傅花心啊。那大家看看此时此刻为我们遮风挡雨的旅游车，它呢就是我们师傅一个流动的家啊，当然师傅也很爱它，所以同学们要爱好我们师傅的家哈，保持干净整洁。

那小周这里想考考到家，大家知道师傅的特长是什么吗?同学们有些说：“开车”!导游：不是，师傅的特长是三心二意!大家不要奇怪，是哪三心二意呢。1是开车小心 ，2是对待客人耐心，3是服务大家热心。又是哪二意呢：1是开起车来一心一意;2是为各位美女帅哥服务全心全意。

(最后我要送给大家一样东西，我要送给大家7千万，大家不要惊讶，就是7千万。。。。。。。)一、千万要注意安全，二、千万要保管好自己的随身物品，三、千万要记得集合时间，四、千万要记得集合地点，五、千万要集体行动不要单独行动，六、记住我们的车牌号，还有老师的电话号码，7、大家一定要记得以上六千万;现在我们都是千万富翁了，对吧。

相信同学们对我们今天北海旅游行程有一定的了解，我们首先参观的是北海城市标志南珠魂，它位于终年花团锦簇、芳草如茵的北部湾广场，由直径30米的喷水池、高15米的巨型人工珠贝和群雕组成，被誉为“广西第一城雕”，其设计者为四川美院院长叶毓山教授。

游完南珠魂呢我们将会漫步始建于1883年、长达近1.5公里的北海老街，可以慢慢体会北海历史脚步。 体验完北海百年老街，我们可以不出国门，就可以一览世界第三代海洋馆的壮丽海底景观，那就是海底世界，在这里，每天都会有多场精彩刺激的水下表演等着您。

那最后我们将会到达哪里呢，那就是我们同学们向往已久的北海银滩了。

大家看，我们现在已经在八达岭的脚下。大家抬头看，八达岭长城是不是非常像一条龙?在崇山峻岭之间蜿延盘旋着。告诉大家，这段长城有一万三千里。大家再看，可以发现这里的长城分为西、北两峰，景色十分壮观、龙腾虎跃、气象万千。如果大家想看长城的景色，那就上去大饱眼福吧。

游客朋友们!我们终于来到了著名的八达岭长城上，真是雄伟壮观啊!这八达岭长城高大、坚固，是用条石和城砖筑成的。地上铺着方砖，非常平整，像很宽的马路，这么宽的宽度，如果马站在上面，五六匹马都可以并进，大家现在试一试，伸开手臂，大约能占十多个人。

好了，大家再往前走，大家边走边看一下，城墙上有两米多高的垛子，垛子上有方形的口，这是打仗时的瞭望口，和射击口。城墙的顶上，每隔三百多米就有一座方形的城台，这就是古代屯兵的堡垒。打仗的时候，承台之间可以互相呼应。

八达岭长城还有很多壮丽的景色，这里是世界文明的旅游景点，希望你们能够细细游赏!

广西北海市的“北海”一名来自其海城区地角镇的同名渔村“北海村”，由于此地最早开发人群都是疍家渔民，他们长年集中居住在靠近避风港的村落，该避风港面向北面海域(北海市是个半岛)，所以此村得名“北海村”。

“朝沧梧而夕北海”，北海的名字很早就有了，北海地名的形成，定位于康熙元年(1662年)，清政府设“北海镇标”作为“北海”地名的称谓。由于此种说法转述频繁、引证广泛，因此成为一个定例。据文史资料记载，“北海”一词可追溯至宋朝甚至是魏晋南北朝时期，这个时期，“北海”更多的是被外国人所称呼。1965年6月，北海由广东省划归广西壮族自治区，北海之名也一直沿用至今。

建制沿革

在新石器时代北海已有人类活动，北海市属北海县地，古称“百越”。

商代，合浦所属的百姓就“请以珠巩”进贡商王。

春秋战国时期，岭南称百越之地，北海属百越的一部分。

秦始皇三十三年(前220xx年)，秦王朝征服百越，在岭南设置桂林郡、南海郡和象郡，北海属象郡。

汉代，北海就是桂东南、粤西的政治、文化、经济中心。这里便是中国“海上丝绸之路”的 始发港之一。

东汉建安八年(220xx年)合浦郡统合浦、徐闻、高凉、凌允、珠崖五县，北海属珠崖。

三国时，孙吴黄武七年(220xx年)改合浦郡为珠官郡，太元二年(252年)恢复合浦郡。

两晋年间，合浦都是郡治所在地。东晋咸和五年(330年)印度佛教徒智弘，无行从海路入合浦传教。

南北朝建元元年(479年)合浦郡地另设11个郡地，设盐田郡于北海地，杜周一县。

隋大业三年(620xx年)改为禄洲。

唐武德五年(620xx年)合浦郡改称越州。唐贞观六年(632年)添置珠池县，唐贞观八年(634年)越州改称：廉州，因历代出廉官而得名，贞观十二年(638年)废安昌，珠池两县入合浦。唐天宝元年(742年)，廉州改称合浦郡。

五代南汉乾亨元年(920xx年)复称廉州，统合浦，封山，蔡龙，大廉四县。

南汉大宝五年(962年)改为媚州都。宋太平兴国八年(983年)废廉州移至海门三十里(北海地)建太平军廉州古城始建。北海自南北朝(479年)设盐田郡起，至北宋靖康二年(1120xx年)先后在北海设过盐田郡，海门镇，陆州，珠池县，东罗县等政区。

元至元三十年(1293年)在廉州设提举市舶司，专事海运与外国船只并收“船头规”时为全国六大市舶司之郡，逮扬州，统11个县。

明洪武元年(1368年)设两广总督后改名为廉州府，统合浦，石康，灵山，廉州。

清康熙元年(1662年)设北海镇标(军事建)。乾隆年间，北海市开始形成。咸丰五年(1855年)珠场巡检司移驻北海，标志北部湾中心从廉州(合浦)移至北海，北海港口商业城市开始形成。光绪六年(1876年)中英签订《烟台条约》北海与宜昌、芜湖、温州、一并辟为通商口岸。

First of all, we came to the "human penglai", it is located in penglai pavilion at the entrance of scenic spot, middle frontal subject "human penglai" four glittering gold characters, this is the song dynasty scholar su shi hand stitch. After "world penglai" lane, straight forward, got to "danya wonderland", it is a glorious, towering spectacular, listen to the tour guide said, "danya wonderland", is the door of the "wonderland", if visitors step across the past, immediately became a fairy, if two step across the go a fortuneteller. Step after the immortal, we visited the grandeur of the dragon palace, of primitive simplicity and elegant, temple, finally came to the "". The eight immortals is said to have drunk here after the situation across the sea roam, peng lai pavilion that is the reason.

"Penglai pavilion" is a layer of wall engraved with the "hula" sunrise, "night tide crescent", "thousand welcome broken jade", "Wan Licheng wave", "mountain city" now, "leakage day run 10" scenery friezes, second is built according to the pattern of "the eight immortals drunk" statue. The cabinet top, let a person have a state of mind, happy to exceed the open and free from vulgarity. On the cabinet body, staring at the blue sky, white clouds, white looked down at the surface of the ocean waves, the seagulls fly at sea, in the distance, and sometimes a few fishing boats, fishing sailed on the sea. Came to the city of appreciation "penglai pavilion" is a beautiful scenery, the first danya mountain, clear water with HaoMang set each other off, attic at the top, as if inlaid in the trees even ladies eye, in the next to a beacon of commanding, spectacular, just as soldiers guarding penglai pavilion, is standing majestically on the cliffs. Surrounded by a wall of lists of the majestic mountains, majestic, good a "XianGe big empty" figure! Have to go, my heart can not help but sigh, "the world penglai" is really better than wonderland!

Kunming lake dianchi lake for short, is located in the southwest of yunnan kunming, around 300 square kilometers, in more than 1800 meters above sea level, even your depth of 5 meters. Pool of the surrounding mountains, acquainting, famous countless, wide, green lake, excellent scenery. As a result, was regarded as one of the jewels in the yunnan-guizhou plateau. The formation of the dianchi lake is located in the bottom because the fall of faults, forming lakes. Heave near the mountains, endless miles. Underground cave not counted, liaoning benxi water tunnel and devoted WangTianDong, shenyang Tibetan army hole and its contrast, like a snail and elephants. Composition nets

Magnificent grand view pavilion, in the lake. Chinas most famous historical records a coupon from the long, recommended by chairman MAO. The western hills near the risks and magnificent, haigeng sports park, zheng he park, famous in the world, nie ers tomb, let a person respect, stone mountain village, white fish mouth, kuanyinshan magnificent appearance, the prosperity of ancient tomb complex sites let person fancy here.

, looking up, lakes and mountains, loud and clear, that look very cool. Why napa lake, breeding and growing fast. Years, built roads and tourism, tourists as a cloud. Brigitte chicken mountains and golden horse very image, between the shores of lake shi, tree forest. A and a looming temple, especially yan temple monks chanting loud voice to the morning bell and evening drum reminders, echoing in the mountains, is a beautiful picture.

Many mainland minorities, such as bai, dai, SaNiZu, fine clothes. Stand before is not expensive ethnic handicrafts, such as batik dress and jewelry. Many flavor snack, I just dont back to the assembly meeting to eat lunch and dinner, as some are full.

Yang Dian scholars in Ming dynasty there are poems said: climate is often as one, 4 flowers on spring. Is singing the weather and beautiful scenery here, seems to be added to travel a vacancy.

各位旅客朋友们：

当您走进这座有着近千年历史的皇家园林，当您仰望美丽的白塔感受着人间仙境般的秀美，急于要走进园中去享受北海山水的时候，我建议您驻足留步，用您几分钟的时间，听我介绍一下北海公园的总体概况，为您的参观游览做一个导游。

北海公园是我国历史最悠久、保存最完整的皇家园林之一。这座拥有近千年历史的园林开发始于辽会同元年(公元938年)，金大定六年至十九年(公元1166—1179年)世宗完颜雍(yōng)又在辽初创的基础上建成一座规模宏大的皇家离宫—太宁宫。太宁宫沿袭中国皇家园林“一池三山”的规制，即北海和中海是太液池，琼华岛如”蓬莱”，团城为”瀛(yíng)洲”，中海犀(xī)山台似”方丈”。并将北宋汴京艮(gèn)岳御园中的太湖石移置于琼华岛上。至元四年(公元1267年)，元世祖忽必烈营建大都，将琼华岛及其所在的湖泊被划入皇城，赐名万寿山、太液池。永乐十八年(公元1420年)明朝正式迁都北京，万寿山、太液池成为紫禁城西面的御苑，称西苑。清朝承袭明代的西苑，乾隆七年至四十四年(公元1742—1779年)对北海进行大规模的改建，奠定了此后的规模和格局。

辛亥革命后，1925年北海辟为公园对外开放。新中国成立后，党和政府对北海公园的保护极为重视，拨巨资予以修葺，1961年被国务院公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位。

北海是中国历史园林的艺术杰作。全园占地面积69万平方米(其中水面面积39万平方米)，主要由琼华岛、东岸、北岸景区组成。

走过由汉白玉雕琢的永安桥、穿过堆云牌楼，您就来到了琼华岛。琼华岛上树木苍郁，殿宇栉(zhì)比，亭台楼阁，错落有致，白塔耸立山巅，成为公园的标志。走进永安寺的山门，拾阶而上您可以登上白塔。关于永安寺的壮丽景观我将在您到达时详细介绍。您走下白塔沿岛步行，你可以欣赏到又一些美景。西侧，那里有著名的“阅古楼”内存有三希堂法帖，它是享誉世界上最著名的书法作品集成。西北面被一组沿湖长廊所环抱，北面山坡上，可见到相传为秦汉时期的文物“铜仙承露盘”;东侧山脚下是琼岛春阴碑，它是老北京著名的燕京八景之一。“半月城”亦称般若香台，在东坡依山而建;下面是“般若香台牌楼”，过“陟山桥”折而向北就来到东岸景区。

沿湖建有北京目前历史最悠久的船坞;环湖的垂柳掩映着东岸的著名景点——濠濮间、画舫斋。濠濮间是一处马蹄形小山围成的水潭，在这座人工建造的皇家园林中现出它独特的野趣。由濠濮间向北就是画舫斋，著名的古树——唐槐就在其中，画舫斋以其宁静、幽雅的园林意境名扬中外。出画舫斋西门就可看到清代“先蚕坛”的大门。从先蚕坛北过桥向西而行就到达北岸景区。

北岸景区从东到西布满景点：东侧有静心斋——人称“乾隆小花园”、大西天景点有西天禅林喇嘛庙建筑群，“华藏界”牌楼、“天王殿”、金丝楠木建成的“大慈真如宝殿”、九龙壁等建筑;九龙壁西南是“快雪堂”“铁影壁”，再往西您就看到了北海五龙亭、阐(chǎn)福寺、小西天等众多著名景点。

从小西天极乐世界殿出来向南，可以从北海公园西门出园，也可乘游艇回到琼华岛由南门出园。北海园林博采众长，有北方园林的宏阔气势和江南私家园林婉约多姿的风韵，并蓄帝王宫苑的富丽堂皇及宗教寺院的庄严肃穆，气象万千而又浑然一体，是中国园林艺术的瑰宝。您每到一个景点游览，我都将伴随您，为您做更详尽的讲解。

“琼华岛”是北海的中心景区，四周碧水环绕，树木苍郁，殿宇栉比，亭台楼阁，错落有致，白塔耸立山巅，成为公园的标志。南面有永安桥连接团城。穿过堆云牌楼就是永安寺;永安寺始建于顺治八(1651)，初称白塔寺。乾隆六年(1741)改称永安寺并进行了大规模的扩建。

这里是永安寺的山门。根据佛教理论，寺院的第一座殿堂称天王殿。殿内供奉的是东，南，西，北四大天王。我们一起来看一下。怀抱琵琶的是东方持国天王，他可以增长人的善根;手拿宝剑的是南方增长天王，他可以保护佛法不受侵犯;手持宝伞的这位是北方的多闻天王，他可以保护人们的财富;这一位是西方的广目天王，他可以以其净眼观察世界。由于这四位天王手中所持法器不同，中国百姓习惯上称他们为“风，调，雨，顺”。预示着国家的五谷丰登，永安太平。

穿过山门，我们可以看到东面建有钟楼，西面建有鼓楼。过去，每当皇帝来此拜佛，钟鼓齐鸣，香烟缭绕，气象庄严。在钟楼上有一口大钟叫永安钟，如果您有兴趣可以亲自去敲响它。据说这是一口祈求天下太平的宝钟，敲钟三下，一定会给您带来一年的好运。

这个院落的正殿叫殿，是永安寺中最重要的一座大殿。它面阔五间，大殿的屋顶非常好看，为单檐庑(wǔ)顶，屋脊中间是一个琉璃小塔，旁边是二龙戏珠的浮雕。造型精美。龙是中国的象征，据说龙能潜入海底，飞上高空。没有人亲眼见过龙，但是龙的形象被世代相传。

进入大殿，释迦牟尼端坐正中。他是古印度人，出生于公元前565年，是佛教的创始人，在他的两侧是八大菩萨和十八罗汉。这个殿的设计思想很特殊，是根据乾隆皇帝的意愿安排的。释迦牟尼象征着皇帝本人，其他佛像则代表文武百官。

走出殿，迎面我们可以看到许多台阶。永安寺里一共有三组台阶，它们分别是36，54，72。都是9的倍数。为什么呢?因为永安寺是一组皇家寺院。

登上36级台阶是龙光紫照牌坊，牌坊代表着皇权至上。龙光紫照牌坊建于1751年，设计精美，为四柱三楼式建筑，绿琉璃瓦覆顶。正面额曰“龙光”背面为“紫照”，为木质阳文，是牌坊中等级较高的，也是中国古建筑的典范。

在牌坊两侧东面是引胜亭，西面是涤蔼亭，每个亭内各立有石碑一块，分别刻有“白塔山总记”和“塔山四面记”，碑文分别采用汉，满，蒙，藏四种文字雕刻，记载了北海名胜及北海历史，皆为乾隆御笔。乾隆是清朝一个颇具文采的皇帝，在他统治期间，进行了长达30年之久的扩建和修葺，兴建了许多新的亭台殿宇，使得北海布局更加协调统一。

在亭子前面，摆放着两块奇特而峻峭的石头，分别树立水波纹石座上，东为昆仑石，西为岳云石，石上刻的字都是乾隆御笔。昆仑，岳云在我国古典园林中分别代表三山五岳，在这里则表示名山大川的美景在琼岛被体现，使琼岛更像是一处人间仙境。

昆仑，岳云石后面还有一组由太湖石堆叠而成的楞伽(lénɡɡā)窟。它建洞两层，内供石雕佛像13尊。洞内绘有精美的壁画。

在石窟的上面有两个小亭子，可以供游客休息和观赏四周景色。

从山洞穿行而过，现在我们来到了正觉殿门前。正觉殿是永安寺的第二重山门。它建于1651年。迎面我门可以看到大肚弥勒佛，在大肚弥勒佛的后面还有一位威武的将军，那就是韦驮。他手中拿着一根金刚杵(chǔ)，用来驱赶妖魔鬼怪。

穿过正觉殿，现在我们来到了永安寺的第二个院落，院落中的正殿称普安殿。

向西是静憩轩，环境优雅，意为得以安静休息之轩。是乾隆皇帝到永安寺拈香时休息读书的地方。穿过静憩轩，我们来到悦心殿，悦心殿即悦目赏心之殿。这组建筑建于清顺治八年(1651年)，乾隆皇帝经常在此处理政务和召见官员。殿内梁枋沥粉贴金，华丽异常，正中设置有九龙宝座和鹿端、象驮宝瓶等吉祥之物。上方有“正大光明”匾额。两侧是皇帝休息和读书的地方。

从这里返回，普安殿内供奉的是密宗黄教的佛像。慈祥端座于正中的这位便是黄教的创始人宗喀巴大师。殿前东，西各有一个大铜轮叫转经桶。它来源于西藏，是寺院所特有的。这种转经桶不论大小都藏满了经书，转动一圈就等于将里面所有的经文都念过一遍。您有兴趣不妨试一下。但请大家一定要注意，转经桶的转动是有方向的，一定要顺时针转动。这里是喇嘛诵经为皇帝祭祀祈祷的地方。

穿过普安殿的后门，我们现在就要登上白塔了。见到白塔就要知道白塔的由来：1644年，明朝覆灭，清军入关，建都于京。1651年，为民族和睦，在广寒殿的废址上建藏式白塔，因此这座白塔也是我们这个多民族国家民族团结的象征。白塔位于琼岛制高点。塔高36米，全部为砖木结构，由塔基、塔身、宝顶三部分组成。白塔四周有汉白玉石栏环绕，塔基为砖石须弥座，座上为三层圆台，中部塔肚为圆形，最大直径14米，上部称为“相轮”，也称“十三天”，顶部为铜铸镏金华盖，上面有地盘、天盘、日、半月、火焰。在塔身正面是一幅由藏文、动物及花草组成的图案，寓意吉祥。此处俗称“眼光门”，也称为“时轮金刚门”。塔身周围设有306个通风孔，以防塔内木料潮湿糟朽。

白塔前面有一座琉璃小殿，称善因殿。它是一座仿木结构的琉璃建筑。为双重檐，上圆下方，两层殿顶象征天地。精巧华丽。殿内供大威德金刚佛像，据说是北京的保护神。这尊佛像为牛头人身，造型威武凶悍，颇有除恶务尽之概。殿周围四壁上还镶有小琉璃佛像455尊。

善因殿是北海制高点，被誉为京城最佳观景点。站在这，京城美景尽收眼底。向南眺望，的秀丽景色尽收眼底，东南面的故宫在阳光的.照射下更显得金碧辉煌。向北眺望，我们还可以欣赏到公园北岸的五龙亭。北岸景区

游客朋友们：你们来到了北海最为精美的园中之园——静心斋。

静心斋最初名镜清斋。始建于乾隆二十一年(1756年)，俗称乾隆小花园。这座花园是著名的园林造景专家样式雷设计建造的，是举世闻名的园林精品。园内壮丽的殿宇、幽静的书斋、嶙峋(línxún)的怪石、开敞的亭子、深邃的古洞和茂盛的古树在这有限的空间内组成了一座美丽的园林。当时还修建了一条从到静心斋的长达1公里的铁路，当年慈禧太后来静心斋游玩时就由太监拉着火车到这里来。这可能是中国第一条铁路。

这里是花园的主要建筑——镜清斋，它得名于四周的水池中象镜子一样的池水。镜清斋正门座北朝南，一明两暗为三大开间，前出廊后出厦，苏州式彩绘，雍容气派。进入大门，院子四周被建筑封闭，隔水相望是镜清斋的正殿。室内设有御座，金玉满堂。乾隆皇帝所题匾额“不为物先”出自《史记·太史公自序》“不为物先，不为物后”。是道家“无为”的主张。是指他不与万物争先后，顺应形势来成就功业。

这里有清朝的代表性家具，它们看上去闪闪发光是因为上面镶嵌了贝壳。在大殿的两侧各有一个大瓶子叫“百子瓶”，在瓶子的四面分别有一副瓷画，上面描绘有100多个男孩玩耍的情景，它代表皇帝大富大贵，多子多孙。

在镜清斋的后面，“沁泉廊”坐落水中。它位于全园的中心，左有曲桥为径、右有“玉带”相通、后有怪石为屏。在沁泉廊下有一个梯形的滚水坝，水从这里流过象泉水一样，故此得名。水中有金鱼游弋，平添了许多乐趣。

在镜清斋的东面有三重院落，院内奇石点景，绿竹成林，松柏苍劲，四季如春。这正面的三间是皇帝的书房——老子曰“见素抱朴，少私寡欲”故取名“抱素书屋”。乾隆皇帝用道教的思想为此书屋命名。他十分喜欢这座按照自己意志建造的园林，经常来此游玩并让皇太子在此读书，现在这里陈设着书案及文房四宝。这里到处是清澈湖面，乾隆皇帝曾以“临池构屋如临镜”的诗句，寓意“以镜子般的池水映照自己的心灵和品格。”他的诗句不仅仅是自我警示，也像后人说明他是一位克己严格、廉洁清明的君王。这是乾隆为“镜清斋”取名的寓意所在。

东屋两间名为“韵琴斋”，因为在当时这里有一个小小的瀑布，水流过的声音如抚琴一般，故此得名。坐在韵琴斋内打开南侧山墙的小窗，您可以看到太液池和白塔美丽的景色。这立体的画面被框在小窗之中，给人以“碧(壁)出仙(鲜)境”的感觉，在窗外设“碧鲜亭”。

沿抱素书屋后廊东行，即为焙茶坞，焙茶是指茶农将新鲜茶叶进行烘烤、焙干的过程，这是中国南方特有的风景，这座建筑是根据乾隆皇帝到江南游览所见的情景而建成的。这里是皇帝品茶的地方。

此园处处是精美的画面。这水面上的两座精美小桥，也属别具一格的佳作。一座是东面这座是汉白玉的小玉带桥，两侧还各有一个麒麟，小石桥精雕细刻，玲珑奇特;一座是西面的木栏曲桥，这两个小桥不仅连接了南北交通，还起到了分割水面的作用。在山石顶端的八角小亭是枕峦亭，它象一朵莲花盛开。这一山、一水、一池、一屋都恰到好处地点缀和美化了静心斋的整体环境，这座小园子曾经在1984年英国利物浦国际园林节上获奖。

桥的东侧池边山石层层叠叠，如云如画将罨画轩托起，罨(yǎn)画轩内的匾额题为“标青”。意思是从罨画轩内平视前方，树梢呈现一片绿色，给人以春意盎然之感。这里有一个对联“一室之中观四海，千秋以上验平生”其含义是皇帝坐在罨画轩里，心中却装着整个国家;眺望浩淼的水面和远处的白塔，面对自己得做为，浮想联翩。意在赞颂皇帝的丰功伟绩是“青史明标”，将万古流芳。

当您走在廊上时会有步移景换的感觉，沿假山上的半壁廊，即可到达叠翠楼。它是全园最高的建筑。是慈禧太后在1885年挪用海军军费修建的。匾额也是慈禧所提，从楼上可以观看四周景色和市井民风。从叠翠楼东侧沿廊而下可进入迷离的山洞。请看这座宏伟的假山，它是静心斋的主要景观，一些山石连接在一起，一些山石排列成曲折的样子，形成了了一个整体。当冬天大雪降下，这些山石就象是片片白云一般。

静心斋浓缩了中国古典园林之精华，在不足一顷之地，建造了辉煌的殿堂、静雅的小室、精巧的叠石、开阔的亭子、小桥、泉瀑、山洞、树木，所有这些都和谐统一，呈现出四季景色。静心斋是一座美丽的园林。同太液池相比，您是否觉得这座小园林更幽静和安详。

Andy scenic spot located at the side of the east suburb of kunming mingfeng, covers an area of 1773 mu of 8 km away from downtown. Mirage resorts to create next thirty years wanli (1602) Ming chongzhen decade (1637) moved tongdian struck binchuan chicken foot mountain, the qing emperor kangxi 10 years (1671), the day the king wu sangui reconstruction of the existing building double-hipped roof mountain type zhenwu bronze, bronze weighing 250 tons, is Chinas largest copper construction, it is the Summer Palace in Beijing mirage of the longevity hill intact; More than, the wudang mountain in hubei Andy is the largest remaining pure copper temple in China. The famous Andy belongs to taihe palace, as part of the total weight of 250 tons, for double-hipped roof flying pavilion imitation wood square building, the temple 6.7 meters high, 6.2 meters wide, deep, including stone, corrugated roof eaves beams, statues, curtain, bottle opener, you had plaque jacaranda with banners, etc were bronze.

Andy since with Chen bin Yu Wanli nonyl Yin (1602) years, ding, has more than 380 years; Wu sangui reconstruction has more than 210 years. Built during Ming wanli period. With Chen bin modeled on hubei all counties within the territory of mount wudang tianzhufeng taihe palace and mirage, built a little change. The late Ming dynasty ruled yunnan mus evil, court repeatedly being disciplined, family decline. But, he is not on its own to find root cause, and to seek relief from the superstition. Letter is: YingWuShan in the east of the city, the mountain stands the bronze, "copper is the genera, of the west can g wood", so the tour by Zhang Feng He, mount tongdian down to chicken feet of western yunnan, fengshan mirage, existing Wu Sanjia rebuilt at the beginning of the qing dynasty. There were "on the beam, the qing emperor kangxi 10 years, were the big lv, ten door day, the day prince wu sangui worship", etc.

From the bottom up the car and walk, fairy bridge, into the "mingfeng", "first tianmen", "two tianmen" and "three doors. Climbing the tianmen, visible ancient grave taihe palace gate. Al cloud: "painting lianyun, three acres of castle peak, zhu LouYing, dont drive wizard a heavy day". Again into the temple gate, lingxingmeng door, visible stand tall brick city, blow about several zhangs, just like the Forbidden City. Along the order into the "city", right against the face high steps and is the center of the taihe palace architecture, famous mirage. Spot with three layers of 36 wing Angle of 29 meters high tower, the third floor of the dome, hung Ming yongle (1432) 21 years big bronze, cast by 3.5 metres high, caliber 6.7 meters circumference, 14 tonnes, to yunnans largest antique clock. New "China golden expo garden", the wudang mountain in hubei, wutai mountain in shanxi, shandong taishan, and Beijing copper building housed a garden of the longevity hill. Estates in the pile of marble, Bridges water, step rail, road Shi Fang, plant flowers, such as landscape set each other off, form small and exquisite imitation bronze culture landscape. Andy botanical garden has 500 acres of gardens, has built the tea garden, azalea garden, magnolia, rose garden, WenShi District ten park, introduction of more than 20xx kinds of garden plants. Andy area is a combination of humanities landscape, natural landscape features of tourist attractions. Seven kilometers to the northeast in the city of kunming on phoenix mountain, have completely in bronze casting bronze, a house in the hot sun yi yi is unripe brightness, dazzling, so people called the mirage, is key protected cultural relics in China.

Spring city in qing dynasty kangxi nine years (AD 1670), wu sangui after peasant uprising, the rate of division into ju kunming, reconstruction of mirage. Can be seen on the mirage girders now ", the qing emperor kangxi 10 years, were the major of ji lu month (October) 6, day prince wu sangui to build "the copper. The inside of the Buddha, signboards, beams, level, doors and Windows, panlong, decoration and so on are made of bronze. Andy, floor, the steps of the railings are unique marble build by laying bricks or stones. The whole house majestic, beautiful and easy. Outside the temple built with walls, gates, battlements. The city on the floor. In behind the side, there are thick folded more than two strains of camellia one individual plant and crape myrtle, legend has it for the kind of the Ming dynasty, before and after the Spring Festival every year, thousands of camellia flowers in full bloom, bonus as fire.

北海导游词 各位游客朋友，大家好!欢迎各位来到风景秀美,气候宜人,美食 成堆美女如云,帅哥成林的风景名胜景区北海，俗话说的好： “百年修 的同船渡， 千年修的共枕眠” 现在流行的说法呢就是百年修的同车行， 我们大家今天在同一辆车里可是百年才修来的缘分呐， 小周真是深感 荣幸啊，中国有句话说要活到老学到老，那来到了北海呢，首先我们 也要学习一下三个代表啊：第一：我谨代表北海人民对各位远道而来 的客人表示热烈的欢迎，第二：我谨代表商务旅游公司全体员工欢迎 大家参加本次快乐之旅，欢迎，欢迎，热烈欢迎。第三个代表呢是我 代表我本人和司机师傅，做个简单的介绍，我呢是来自商务旅游公司 的一名导游员，也是大家这次北海之行的地接导游，我的名字是周小 燕，大家可以叫我小周或者周导，只要让我知道你们是在叫我就可以 了啊。

那接下来呢我要为大家隆重的介绍一下在我们本次旅游中占有 绝对重要位置的人，那就是为我们保驾护航的司机师傅 x 师傅，我们 业内呢， 有这样的说法， 司机呢到了吉林是急开， 到了蒙古呢是猛开， 到了上海是胡开， 那有没有人能想到来了我们广西是怎么开啊?还是 我来接开谜底吧，我们广西的师傅呢，比较特殊，他们呢是在黑白两 道都能开，为什么这样说呢，那就要说到我们广西的气候了， “春有 百花秋有月，夏有凉风冬有雨” ，这就是我们广西的气候特征，四季 分明，春夏秋三季的道路呢一般是白色的，到了冬季一下雨，道路就 变成黑色了，所以呢我们的师傅是黑百两道都混的很熟的，所以大家 对我们这一天的行车安全呢尽可以放心了。

那现在呢我想请我们车上 的女士朋友呢，把你们的目光全部集中到我们师傅这里来，有这样一 个说法： 一等男人家外有家， 二等男人家外有花， 三等男人花中寻家， 四等男人下了班回家。呵呵，那大家看看我们师傅属于几等男人呢? 开动您的大脑，好好的想一想，哦，去掉一个错误答案，d，想我们 这样，师傅一出团就是 4、5 天是不可能下班就回家的啊。

师傅呢可 是一等一的好男人啊，为什么这样说呢，大家可别瞎想啊，我可没有 说我们师傅花心啊。那大家看看此时此刻为我们遮风挡雨的旅游车， 它呢就是我们师傅一个流动的家啊，当然师傅也很爱它，所以同学们 要爱好我们师傅的家哈，保持干净整洁。

那小周这里想考考到家， 大家知道师傅的特长是什么吗?同学们 有些说：“开车”!导游：不是，师傅的特长是三心二意!大家不要 奇怪，是哪三心二意呢。1 是开车小心 ，2 是对待客人耐心，3 是服 务大家热心。又是哪二意呢：1 是开起车来一心一意;2 是为各位美 女帅哥服务全心全意。

(最后我要送给大家一样东西，我要送给大家 7 千万，大家不要惊讶，就是 7 千万。。。。。。。)一、千万要注 意安全，二、千万要保管好自己的随身物品，三、千万要记得集合时 间，四、千万要记得集合地点，五、千万要集体行动不要单独行动， 六、记住我们的车牌号，还有老师的电话号码，7、大家一定要记得 以上六千万;现在我们都是千万富翁了，对吧。

相信同学们对我们今天北海旅游行程有一定的了解， 我们首先参 观的是北XX市标志南珠魂，它位于终年花团锦簇、芳草如茵的北部 湾广场， 由直径 30 米的喷水池、 高 15 米的巨型人工珠贝和群雕组成， 被誉为“广西第一城雕”，其设计者为四川美院院长叶毓山教授。

游完南珠魂呢我们将会漫步始建于 1883 年、长达近 1.5 公里的 北海老街，可以慢慢体会北海历史脚步。

体验完北海百年老街，我们可以不出国门，就可以一览世界第三代海 洋馆的壮丽海底景观，那就是海底世界，在这里，每天都会有多场精 彩刺激的水下表演等着您。

长城英文导游词

dear visitors:

hello everybody! now our automobile is going on the badaling highway,must enter the badaling scenic area immediately which soon visits.front that mountain is the jundu, the badaling great wall occupies onthis mountain. in the spring and autumn period warring states time,our country ancient times the people on already started to constructthe great wall, at that time the feudal lord strove for hegemony, inorder to protect own territory not to encroach, therefore hasconstructed the great wall in abundance in respective boundary, wascalled mutually guards against the great wall.

but our country once appeared three to construct the great wall thepeak, respectively was the qin great wall, the chinese great wall,bright great wall. chin shihhuang in 221 b.c. unified area south ofyellow river, has established the qin dynasty, in order to strengthenthe rule north, defends nomads invasion, therefore will send thesenior general to hoodwink 恬 300,000 armies and very many laborforces the original north swallow, zhao, the qin great wall haslinked, and performed to expand, the lasted 9 years constructed westnear 洮 east to be continuous wan li to liaodong the great wall, thisalso will be in the chinese history the together great wall. to thehan dynasty, martial emperor of han dynasty also was for strengthenthe defense, "was not called hu madu the yin", has constructed anearly 20,000 mile great wall, simultaneously this also has protectedthe new development silk road, the chinese great wall is the qin greatwall together the front position and the defense line, west itxinjiang, east arrived liaodong, was in the chinese history constructsthe great wall longest dynasty. but the bright great wall is in thechinese history constructs the great wall the high point, the projectis big, essence of the technical is unique. same year zhu yuanzhangestablished ming dynasty in the unification nation in the process, hasaccepted "gao zhuqiang, guang jiliang, slow name king" suggestion. atthat time yuan dynasty although already perished, but also ismaintaining the quite complete military power, in addition graduallyrises nuzhen races unceasing invasion, therefore starts to constructthe great wall. the ming dynasty large-scale constructed the greatwall to achieve 18 were next many, only then basically has last yearsfinished to the ming dynasty, east nearby liaoning dandong yalurivers hushan, west to gansu jiayuguans bright great wall span 6,350kilometers. the bright great wall has three characteristics, buildsthe construction completely, manages the consummation, the layout isstrict. but we saw today the badaling great wall is a bright greatwalls part. but great wall in our country ancient times mostprimitive goal although is the defense, but at the same time it alsoplayed other roles. first is the military function, the second pieceis the economical function, it not only promoted the development andthe northern border economy development which opens up wasteland,moreover also is the area south of yellow river common people enjoys agood and prosperous life, third promoted various nationalitiesfusion. in addition, it has also protected the communication andpromoted the to foreign countries opening up. what is worthmentioning, in our country ancient times, not only only has thesethree time constructs the great wall the experience, according to thestatistics, in about in , successively some more than 20 feudallords country and the feudal dynasty all has constructed the greatwall, some people have made the sketchy computation, if the great wallwill rebuild together the height 5 meters, the depth 1 meter big wall,will many circle the earth 10 many all to have the wealth. famousfolklore: the beacon-fire play feudal lord and meng jiangnyu cry greatwall also is occurs in the great wall. now, the great wall afterpasses through several time repairs and maintains, basically restoredthe former appearance, is included in 1987 by the united nationseducational, scientific and cultural organization "world cultureinheritance name list", moreover it or now in world longest defensivecity wall! proliferated the our country 16 areas, the span hasachieved 10. 80,000 miles.

we passed through a moment ago the road, took place in yu guangou.guan gou is the mt. yanshan sierra and jundu sierra junction meetingplace, south changping area nankouzhen, northwest to yanqing countybadaling great walls area just outside the city gate, span 40 miles.is the area south of yellow river area leads to northwest plateau thepharynx and larynx important highway. the ming dynasty has arrangedfour defense lines in here, respectively is the nankou pass, occupiesthe commonplace pass, on closes, badaling. folds on the green jademountain in guan gouzhong, once had jin dynasty famous yanjing one ofeight scenery: occupies commonplace folds the green jade, what a pitynow the landscape already no longer existed.

we saw a moment ago that railroad was designs the construction by ourchinese the first railroad, designs peking-kalgan line by zhantianyou. because badaling area topography complex, the technicaldifficulty are very many, therefore zhan tianyou designs the personfont railroad, the success solved the train not to be able directly toclimb and the curve difficult problem, but made a connection longreaches 1,091 meters tunnels also to sigh the chinese and foreignpublic figure the clothing. now the bronze statue which sets up in theblack dragon bridge train station is zhan tianyou, but also has themonument.

closes the ditch because of to occupy the commonplace pass but to befamous, we may see front the grand construction occupies thecommonplace pass, its name origins from the qin dynasty, to chinshihhuang moves "the commonplace person" in here to live thereforeacquires fame. in the area inside the great wall, some famous whitemarble shitai, it is yuan dai as soon as has sat the streettower, above originally has three tibet type pagoda, destroyed in theafterwards earthquake. the ming dynasty in the original position ] hasestablished the taian temple, but has been destroyed in the kangxidynasty, only leaves behind now us to see the column foundation andlooks the column. baiyu shitaithe area has 310 square meter under ticket gate onto engrave has the lion, the elephant, the weird creature, relief andso on jin chiniao, separately represented the buddhism dense ancestor fivesides five buddhas place to ride, but also had tianlongbabu toprotect buddhist law the deity the relief. on the endophragm also hadthe four great heavenly gods relief and the god beastly design, theticket goes against also covers entirely daturas pattern, in theflower has engraved has the image of buddha, altogether 2,215. alsosome six kind of languages engrave "tuoluonepal after incantation" and "make towermerit to record", these all are yuan dai artistic high-quality goods,has the very high artistic value.

the badaling great wall is in the bright great walls outstandingrepresentative, because here extends in all directions, thereforebecomes badaling. possibly everybody can ask that, why has to speakthe great wall to construct in here? actually this mainly is becauseof the badaling area important geographical position. it not only isguarding the bright imperial tomb, moreover also is beijingsnorthwest front door.

the badaling great wall is in the history many significant eventstestimonies, for example the dreary queen mother patrols good fortune, yuan taizuenters the pass, west empress dowager cixi runs away and so on,badaling all is after all the road. speaks of here, but also somestory must say for everybody: is located closes the east end gateroadside, some megalith, the fable the eight power expeditionary forceattacked into beijing in 1900, cixi runs away in the west on the waypasses through here, once stood in this stone other day looks thenational capital, therefore this stone on is also called looks thebeijing stone. but present this stone already not that highlighted.

some speech everybody certainly knew that, not to great wall non- realman. introduced a moment ago that many landscape, you are certainlyanxious want to arrive the scenic area to tour, does not use theworry, you also had to become the real man immediately. good, here isthe famous badaling great wall distant place is the grand scenery, butdownward looked is the great wall important constituent old man city,he generally all constructs on the strategic in position keycommunication line. between old man city two is distanced 63.9 meters,the west gate inscribed horizontal tablet: key to defense of thenorth, i already have said in front. the east gate inscribedhorizontal tablet is: occupies the commonplace outside town, themeaning occupies a commonplace outside the passes strategic place. nowwe looked to the right release that, is ascending chengkou the southside to exhibit a cannon, named: invincible might general. ischong zhen year the manufacture.

the badaling great wall has three two walls compositions, what isthree two walls? now lets me give everybody to explain, threerespectively are the tower on a city wall, the enemy tower, tower on acity wall structure is extremely simple, only is the officers andsoldiers which guards evades the cold the place. that enemy towerstructure relative wants complex somewhat, divides into two, the lowerlevel is by the field, the well, returns, and so on the glyphcomposes, the upper formation has the crenel and looks the hole isobserves the military situation and the archery uses, therefore herealso has defends enemys function.

under arrived the beacon tower, also is called the beacon-fire, wolfyantai. is disagrees the great wall connected independentconstruction. once the enemy attack, lights the beacon-firenotification military situation, the ancient rewards the smoke whichthe daytime lights to be called beacon-fire, the evening is called the flint.ming dynasty time, but also has made the strict stipulation to thebeacon-fire and enemys relations that, enemy hundred, burn a smokeartillery; five caucasians, burn two smoke two artillery; abovethousand people, three smoke three artillery; above 5,000 people, foursmoke four artillery; above ten thousand people, five smoke fiveartillery. on through this way, in the border pass military situationcan the rapid transmission palace wall imperial palace.

said three, under on said next two walls. the great wall flank tallwall is called 牒 the wall, has the crenel is uses for to defend theenemy. but the inside insufficient meter high is called the daughterwall, also is called the space wall. in most starts the great wallinside is does not have the daughter wall, but frequently some peoplecan fall down the cliff, therefore has constructed this wall. each notfar has a small drainage in the great wall lower part of wall place,rainy day time by spits the tap to outside to drain water, in order toavoid the water washes out the city wall. but inside great walls walluses the stone block to cast, outside builds the brick, again spreadsout the flagstone in above, thus causes the building to be extremelyreliable!

Ladies and Gentlemen:

I am pleased to serve as your guide today。

This is the palace museum; also know as the Purple Forbidden City。 It is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in China today。 Under Ming Emperor Yongle， construction began in 1406。 It took 14years to build the Forbidden City。 The first ruler who actually lived here was Ming Emperor Zhudi。 For five centuries thereafter， it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when Qing Emperor Puyi was forced to abdicate the throne。 In 1987， the United Nations Educational， Scientific and Cultural Organization recognized the Forbidden City was a world cultural legacy。

It is believed that the Palace Museum， or Zi Jin Cheng (Purple Forbidden City)， got its name from astronomy folklore， The ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the Ziwei Yuan (North Star) 。 The constellation containing the North Star was called the Constellation of Heavenly God and star itself was called the purple palace。 Because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods， his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence。 In folklore， the term “an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher， LaoZi， to the Hanghu Pass。 Here， purple is associated with auspicious developments。 The word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people。

The red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic。 Red represents happiness， good fortune and wealth。 Yellow is the color of the earth on the Loess Plateau， the original home of the Chinese people。 Yellow became an imperial color during the Tang dynasty， when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture。

The Forbidden City is rectangular in shape。 It is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west。 It has 9，900 rooms under a total roof area 150，000 square meters。 A 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9。 9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex。 Octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall。 There are four entrances into the city: the Meridian Gate to the south， the Shenwu Gate (Gate of Military Prowess) to the north， and the Xihua Gate (Gate of military Prowess) to the north， and the Xihua Gate (Western Flowery Gate ) to the west， the Donghua (Eastern Flowery Gate) to the east。

Manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the Forbidden City。 A total of 230，000 artisans and one million laborers were employed。 Marble was quarried from fangshan Country Mount Pan in Jixian County in Hebei Province。 Granite was quarried in Quyang County in Hebei Province。 Paving blocks were fired in kilns in Suzhou in southern China。 Bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in Shandong Province。 Timber was cut， processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions。

北京颐和园英文导游辞

The tour will take 4-6 hours. The route is as follows:

Out side the East Gate-side the East Gate –in front of the Hall of benevolence and Longevity- in front of Garden of Virtuous Harmony-in front of the Grand Theater Building- a lakeside walk from the Garden of Virtuous Harmony to the Hall o Jade Ripples- in front of the o Jade Ripples- in front of the Yiyunguan (Chamber of Mortal Being)-Hall of happiness and longevity- in front of the Yaoyue (Chamber of Mortal Beings)-Hall of Happiness and Longevity-in front of the Yaoyue(Inviting the Moon ) Gate of the Long Corridor- strolling along the Long Corridor- visiting an exhibition of cultural relics- in front of the Hall of Dispelling Clouds- inside the Hall of Dispelling Clouds- atop the Tower of Buddhist Incense- on a hilltop leading from the back door of the Tower of Buddhist Incense- on a hilltop leading from the back door of the Tower of Buddhist Incense- inside the Garden of Harmonious Interest –outside the south gate to Suzhou Shopping Street- atop the stone bridge inside the Suzhou shopping street –on the road from the south gate of suzhou shopping street- on the road form the south gate of suzhou shopping street to the marble boat- in front of the ruins of the Garden of complete spring –along the lakeside by the marble boat-boating on the Kunming Lake-leaving out through the East Gate.

(Out side the east gate)

Ladies and Gentlemen: Welcome to the Summer Palace. (After the self-introduction of the guide -interpreter) I hope this will be an interesting and enjoyable day for you .

During our tour, you will be introduced to time honored historical and cultural traditions, as well as picturesque views and landscapes.

The construction of the Summer Palace first started in 1750. At that time, the Qing Dynasty was in its heyday and China was a powerful Asian country with vast territories. The monarch in power then was Emperor Qianlong. With supreme power and large sums of money, he summoned skillful and ingenious artisans from all over the country to carry out this construction work in honor of his mother `s birthday. After 15 years and one seventh of the nation` s annual revenue spent, the Garden of Clear Ripples was completed and served as a testimony to China` s scientific and technological achievements. In 1860, this vast royal garden was burnt down along with the Yuanming Yuan (Garden of Perfection and Brightness) by Angol-French allied forces. In 1888, Empress Dowager Cixi reconstructed the garden on the same site and renamed it the Garden of Nurtured Harmony (Summer Palace). Characterized by its vast scope and rich cultural embodiments, the Summer Palace has become one of the most famous tourist sites in the world.

This is the main entrance to the Summer Palace-the East Gate On top of the eaves of the door there is a plaque bearing a Chinese inscription which means “Garden of Nurtured Harmony” , whose calligrapher was Emperor Guangxu. The gate that you are now entering was used exclusively by the emperor, the empress and the queer mother. All others used the side doors.

(Inside the East Gate)

the Summer Palace can be divided into two parts: Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake .The whole garden covers an area of 290 hectares, of whih three- fourths consists of a lake and rivers .This imperial garden features 3,000 room-units and covers an expanse of 70,000 square meters with more than 100 picturesque spots of interest. The layout of the Summer Palace includes three groups of architectures: palaces where the emperor attended to state affairs, resting palaces of the emperor and empress, and sightseeing areas. Entering the East Gate we will come the the office quarters. Entering the East gate we will come to the office quarters. The annex halls on both sides were used for officials on duty.

This is the Gate of Benevolence and Longevity. Above the door there is a plaque bearing the same name in both Chinese and Manchurian characters. The gigantic rock in the foreground is known as Taihu rock, or eroded limestone, quarried in Jiangsu Province and placed here to decorated the garden.

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The city of Leshan is less than one hours ride from the Baoguosi Monastery at the foot of Mt. Emei.Leshan is the home of the Giant Buddha at the conflueence of the Min,Dadu and Qingyi rivers.It qualifies as the largest Buddha in a sitting posture in the world .You must board a riverboat for the best view of the Giant Buddha.The massive Buddha was carved out of a cliff face more than a thousand years ago, but now it is still well preserved in good shape, with his full and serene face.

The Buddha is the largest Buddha in China,towering to 71m,with his 14.7m head,and 24m shoulders.The Buddhas ears are 6.72m long, insteps 8.5m broad, and a piic could be conducted on the nail of his big toe, which is 1.5m long.

This carving project was begun in 713.Each summer at that time the Min,Dadu and Qingyi rivers flowed down.As the ghree rivers met,turbu-lent waves strucd each other hard,boats capsized and boatmen vanished.There was a Buddhist monkby the name of Haitong in Lingyun Hill,who saw the situation and was determined to carve a giant Buddha out of the cliff face, hoping that the Buddhas presence would subdue the swift currents and protect the boatmen .Haitong started travelling along the Changjiang river and other areas in China to collect funds for the gigantic carving. Once an evil official attempted to obtain by force the money collected by Haitong.The monk refused him in strong terms.He said,d rather gouge out my eyes than give a penny to you,The official shouted in anger,gouge your eye out now!Haitong resolutely dug out one of his eyes.

The monks behavior in protecting the funding so greatly encouraged sculptors and other construction workers that the carving work went on smoothly. Unfortunately Haitong died before the completion of his lifes work .However, this work continued due to the support of the local people as well as Weigao and Zhangchou Jianqing,the local top military commanders. The word took up 90 years until 803 when it was completed.Since then the Buddha has watched over the river traffic for more than a thousand years to offset the large number of serious accidents in the river. Modern Chinese question whether safer boat gravel is due to his presence or to sime later-day dredging.

As you get close to the Buddha,we can find out some scattered holes im rows around the Buddha.They are remains of so Called the Giant Buddha Pavilion . It was a nine-storied building set up during the Tang Dynasty to shelter the Buddha.It was renamed as the Lingyun Pavilion with 13 stories during the Song Dynasty. Unfortunately it was destroyed by a war during the Ming Dynasty. Since then the Buddha remains outside in the open space.

The Giant Buddha has lasted over a thousand years, and still survives in good shape.Why? First of all, according to the studies on the ancient construction of the Buddha,the cliff face the Buddha occupies enjoys topographical advantages. It is on the southern side of the hill,where verdant trees grow so well as to protect rocks and slope from erosion.Secondly although the Buddha seats bordering on the confluence of the three rivers, the immense statue is carved into the cliff face inside the hill,which alleviate the severe damage by wind and water erosion.Finally there is a water-drainage system,hidden from view.The system starts with 1021 fastened hairs, which conect one another at the bace of the bead .The end of the hairs inter-links the shoulders,joining the simple-patterned robe pleats carved on the body.The hairs,shoulders and pleats naturally reveal a complete system that carries away the entire surface water on the body, where the water disappears underground.

It is worth making several passes at the Buddha.From the ferry pier on the island,you climba steep road and through Lingyun Temple to a vantage point for viewing the buddha.You can go to the top,opposite the head, and then descend a short zigzag stairway carved into the cliff to the feet for the top,oppoosite the head,and then descend a short zigzag stairway carved into the cliff to the feet for the different perspective viwepoints.A local boat passes by for a frontal view, which reveals two guardians in the cliff side, not visible from land,Wuyou Buddhist Monastery can be reached in 15 minutes by footpath from the Buddha,which is also from the Tang Dynasty with Ming and Qing renovations,Its layout is very similar to the other monasteries as we mentioned before.Walking along up Wuyou Hill,you can enjoy the quiet and beartiful scenery, The top of Wuyou Hill affords you a vision of an emerald-green tree forest, glazed golden tiles of the monastery roofs and the distant rivers.

大家好，我是恭王府的讲解员小丽，非常欢迎各位到恭王府参观游览。恭王府地处北京内城西北部，东近前海，北倚后海。早期自德胜门内积水潭(西海)水域东北角所引出的一条水渠，绕过恭王府的西墙转南墙外(俗称月牙河)，经三座桥流入什刹海(前海)。西、南临水，东、北近水，可谓四周皆水，环境幽美的风水宝地。到20世纪50年代初，该水渠被填平，形成柳荫街及前海西街。

恭王府最早建于乾隆四十一年，公元1776年，已有230多年的历史，是为大学士和珅所建的宅院。嘉庆四年和珅获罪，宅第没收。之后将宅第分为东西两部分，西部嘉庆皇帝赐给了弟弟庆亲王永璘，东部留给了十公主。咸丰元年(1851)咸丰帝将整座王府赐给恭亲王奕忻入住，至此得名恭王府，沿用至今。请大家记住园子的二位主要主人：大贪官和珅及恭亲王奕忻。

恭王府南北长330米，东西宽180米。北京有几十座王府，不是被毁就是被挪做他用，以原来风貌保存下来对外开放的仅恭王府一座。作为满清皇族的古建园林，由府邸和花园两部分组成，总占地面积约六万多平米，其中府邸约3.2万平米,花园占地2.8万平方米。府邸内的建筑分东、中、西三路，由南自北都是以严格的中轴线贯穿着的多三进四合院落组成，布局分明;东路去朴尚华、中路庄严肃穆、西路古朴典雅，三路自成一体又和谐统一。在这些房屋中既有体现皇家气派和威严的建筑，又有来自民间精巧的建筑和装饰风格，构成了王府文化的最大特点。花园融江南园林与北方建筑格局为一体，汇西洋建筑及中国古典园林建筑为一园。恭王府既是清代王府建筑的重要代表之一，也是中国传统建筑及造园技艺最成熟时期的重要表现。著名学者侯仁之先生称之为“一座恭王府，半部清代史”。

北京恭王府导游词2

据野史上讲，记得弘历年少时(后来的乾隆皇帝)有一次在宫中玩耍，看到年贵妃在梳头，而这个年贵妃是清朝大将军年羹尧的妹妹，是清朝十大美女之一，叫年秋月。弘历被她的美貌打动偷偷过去从后面蒙住了她的眼睛，年贵妃吓了一跳也不知后面是谁，拿起簪子向后一划，恰好划破了弘历的额头。后来此事让皇后得知，因为此事传出去对弘历的名声不好(她是雍正爷的贵妃，弘历应叫她额娘。)下旨年贵妃上吊自尽。弘历当时痛哭一场，因为他的一个轻浮举动使年贵妃丧生。暗暗发誓等我当了皇帝再得相见，不修今世修来世。于是沾着朱砂在年贵妃的耳后印了一个红红的指印。多年以后弘历当了皇帝就是乾隆爷。当他第一次看到和珅时，和珅还是个粘杆卫(走在轿子边上的小官)。乾隆大吃一惊觉得和珅长得酷似多年前死去的年贵妃。于是走下宝座问他家中有没有姐妹，和珅说只有兄弟二人，和珅、和璘。当皇上失望之时，突然看到和珅的耳后有一个红痣，与年贵妃不但面貌相似，而且痣的大小位臵也一样。所以皇上认为和珅就是年贵妃的投胎转世。于是皇上把和珅收在身边倍加宠爱，和珅也凭借自己的聪明才智讨乾隆喜欢。于是和珅就像坐直升机一样，职务和地位直线上升，三年内乾隆皇帝多次传旨升和珅的官职，几乎把大清各种高官做遍，风光享尽，仅担任军机大臣一职就长达23年，权势赫赫，人称二皇帝。

很多朋友都是慕名来到恭王府的，影视作品对和珅的炒作也是沸沸扬扬，但是和珅的真实形象和影视作品形象有很大的差距，和珅是一个地地道道的美男子，玉树临风，脸庞白皙，行动敏捷，举止端庄，言语诙谐。

Добро пожаловать в город нанкин, где всегда есть "Шесть династий цзяочжоу,цзиньлин императорской области" достопримечательности. я гид из средней бригадыпровинции цзянсу _ Все могут звать меня _ гид, или маленький. рядом со мной этотводитель. мастер, его техника вождения очень хорошо, будьте уверены. надеюсь,что в ближайшие дни мы с вами сможем совершить прекрасную поездку в нанкин.Нанкин - один из семи древних столиц китая. в Восточном предместье сушёная горас черепом человека, что доказывает, что 350 тысяч лет назад, были следы"нанкинских обезьян". с начала династии дун у цзянду в 229 г. нашей эры нанкиндесять раз стал Киото, оставив богатое историческое и культурное наследие.нанкин географический район, богатые материальными ресурсами, находится в районе? золотого Треугольника? Янцзы, является важным городом в региональной экономикеКитая. нанкинский внешний транспорт широко известен и представляет собойтрехмерную транспортную систему и сеть для воздушных, шоссейных, железнодорожныхи речных перевозок. нанкин, горы кольцо воды, лук, клетки и юй, город шаньшуйлеса слились в одно целое, природа пейзаж долго славится. Природа одарилананкина живописными горами, сохранившими здесь свою славную культуру. Г - н Суньчжуншань в знаменитых словах рассказал о красоте нанкина: "здесь есть горы, естьравнины, есть глубины, в трех крупнейших городах мира также искренне труднонайти эту достопримечательность". на подножии горы чжуншань, мин Сяолинь,расположенная на подножии горы чуньшань, расположена в зелено - зеленом золотомхолме и имеет великолепное расположение. памятники тайпинского царства, огромныйдворец. в нескольких десятках мавзолей династии Южная династия получила большоемастерство, которое можно назвать гигантской системой, национальной ценностью.нершелита (храм Цися), великолепная фигура, стройная, великолепная, великолепнаядекоративная, это редкость из имеющихся в нашей стране каменных башен.

президентский дворец, мемориальный парк павших героев юйхуатая,мемориальный музей соотечественников, погибших в результате массовых убийств вНанкине, которые были совершены против японской армии в китае, мемориальныймузей в новой деревне мэйюань и мемориал победы в переправу являютсяисторическими свидетельствами демократической революции в нашей стране. озеросюаньюй, три кольца воды, с одной стороны, рядом с городом, сюфэн тайфэн тенибашни, Бибо, можно назвать "золотой Жемчужиной". озеро моуны, содержиттрогательные и печальные легенды, озеро свет тени, цветочный коконник, изящный,изысканный и открытый. особенность нанкина известна как китайская технологияпарча "живые окаменелости" облака и "сокровище нации" Дождь камень, сталпредставителем Нанкинского туристического товара. вкусные закуски цинь Хуай исолёная утка широко известны во всем мире. в этот день нанкин, одновременно ссовременной вежливой экономикой, является красивым пейзажем с красивыми горами,живущими на драконьих досках, город хуаньхуань дворец дворец, уличные структуры,сад сад сад сад сад сад, зеленая площадь... вместе построили красочный альбом,слитый в одно целое горными и водными лесами, и продемонстрировали уникальноеочарование "зеленой древности, города культуры". Говоря о нашем Нанкине,приходится упомянуть четыре конкретных продукта, которые соответствуют ? есть?,? пить?, ? играть? и ? одеваться?: соленая утка, чай с дождями, камни и облака.Долгая история родила нанкин богатейшие туристические ресурсы, восток от горычжуншань пейзаж области, в том числе в горах, мин Сяолинь, храм линьгу ибазальту озеро, запад и Каменный город пейзаж в качестве точки зрения, к югузнаменитый пейзаж цинь Хуай является основным хитом, на севере вдоль реки пейзажобласти, в том числе мост Янцзы, просмотр Реки Лу, храм Цзинхай и другиедостопримечательности. нанкин, в котором собраны горы, вода, город и вэнь, игоры, и горы, и горы, и горы, и горы, и горы, и горы, и горы, и горы, и тучи, ивеликие, и великие, и большие, и большие, и большие, и большие, и большие, ибольшие, и большие, и большие, и большие, и большие, и большие.

Package park formerly hatosy park, located in the south ring road of hefei old one ring, wuhu road need riverfront. Park is mainly composed of bao temple, cemetery of the wind pavilion, zhuang, etc. Dominated by the most authoritative, the most detailed historical data display, cultural relics exhibition and figure show to the world of the born and bred, in KaiFengFu etiquette bao of an emperor of the song dynasty, to be honest and clean, not afraid of power, law enforcement and stalwart, impartial and incorruptible personality charm. To commemorate the one thousand anniversary of baogong involved in hatosy park to planning and construction on the basis of the original culture of baogong involved, hereinafter referred to as "package park", in addition to the bao temple, cemetery, also a new sky court, bao memorial, benediction, such as square, the water fountain.

The entire scenic area solemn and beautiful environment; The water ripples, yacht ripples; Weeping willows on both sides of the Chinese Taiwan and JiaMu luxuriantly green, it is a good place for people to pay their respects sages, ornamental tour. Hatosy park because bao temple, cemetery and is famous for its cool breeze pavilion.

Legend hatosy lotus root is not silk, hatosy due to water pollution, however, havent see out of the lotus root. Hatosy park as the representative of the historical and cultural landscape in the ring park, belong to the important a ring park, covers an area of 30.5 hectares, including the water 15 hectares. Its basic flat terrain in southern, northern due to break down the original city, so by huancheng south road on the waterfront in slope topography distribution.

Package scenic park has built-in bao temple, cemetery wind pavilion, zhuang, etc. Hatosy green willows along lines, pu lotus, handle hatosy rippling in the middle, there is a long and narrow island, lush green trees into the shadow of knife, argue HuaMuJi doo-yan, with a piece of bamboo shade, looming a white wall park, simple and elegant antique buildings, is one of the famous scenic spots and historical sites of the hefei - BaoXiaoSu male shrine. Bao, min, word ren (999-1062), northern song dynasty yu, hefei LuZhou (now anhui) person. Saint five years (1027), zheng jinshi and, by the court appointed integrated magistrate of a county.

Because of its high parents in weak, need to serve, no any longer serve. Xie parents, just as long county magistrate of a county. Afterwards BaoZhengRen DuanZhou (zhaoqing) know what county, "DE bao on sung history biography" said it "has a good government", get promoted three years later, after successive monitoring platform, three division of the judge; Jingdong, shaanxi, hebei road transport; Three department agreement, know about the court; Ying states, yangzhou, LuZhou, chizhou, jiangning, KaiFengFu magistrate and three department, finally, a council officer to agreement and pawn, confer posthumously does history. In bao bao temple was built in Ming jiajing years reading channel fragrant flower piers built at a young age, bao temple main hall sits eight feet tall statue of baogong involved, dynasty, mahan, get, yan-fang stand on both sides, and there are three Zha bibcock, tiger, dog; Both sides wing cemetery unearthed cultural relics on display package, including the family precepts and exhibits such as pao family tree. Temple east hexagonal pavilion has a well, legend corrupt officials drank Wells have a headache, so the name "CV 23". Hatosy southeast covers an area of 3 hectares of conifers, is the cemetery bao and his wife and children.

广西壮族自治区北海，位于广西最南端，北部湾东北岸，北海是一个浪漫的城市，风光旖旎，气候宜人，让人流连忘返。它还是一座具有亚热带滨海风光的美丽城市，拥有中国优秀旅游城市的称号。

北海是中国南部海滨的一座美丽的花园城市，道路宽阔笔直，绿树成荫，碧蓝的大海，明媚的阳光，沙白水净的海滩，中西合壁、华洋并存的市区建筑，环境优美的住宅小区，别具风格的绿化广场，大自然优厚的馈赠为这里钩画了一幅美丽的画卷。城市居民淳朴友好，珠乡文化、客家文化、蛋家文化形成了鲜明的地方文化风貌。

北海地处亚热带，阳光充沛，雨量充足，植被丰茂。全年花繁叶绿，四季瓜果飘香。自然环境得到很好的保护，大陆和海岛沿岸有众多天然优良海滩，海水温净碧透，浪软如毯，自净力强。水质为国家一级标准。北海空气的清新可谓全国之最，在全国各城市中居优级领先地位。是中国可适宜居住城市的“三海一门”(即珠海、北海、威海、厦门)中的一海。可称得上是免费的氧吧。

北海拥有北海银滩国家旅游度假区和涠洲岛、星岛湖两个省级旅游度假区、观涛岭国家森林公园、山口国家红树林自然保护区、美人鱼国家自然保护区、白龙珍珠城遗址、合浦汉代墓葬保护区、大士阁、东坡亭、欧美领事馆旧址等一大批景点，集“海、滩、岛、湖、林、山、古迹、人文”于一体。北海银滩被国家列为中国五个最美度假胜地之一。广西则以“北有桂林山水，南有北海银滩”而自豪。

各位游客朋友，大家好!欢迎各位来到风景秀美,气候宜人,美食成堆美女如云,帅哥成林的风景名胜景区北海，俗话说的好：“百年修的同船渡，千年修的共枕眠”现在流行的说法呢就是百年修的同车行，我们大家今天在同一辆车里可是百年才修来的缘分呐，小周真是深感荣幸啊，中国有句话说要活到老学到老，那来到了北海呢，首先我们也要学习一下三个代表啊：第一：我谨代表北海人民对各位远道而来的客人表示热烈的欢迎，第二：我谨代表商务旅游公司全体员工欢迎大家参加本次快乐之旅，欢迎，欢迎，热烈欢迎。第三个代表呢是我代表我本人和司机师傅，做个简单的介绍，我呢是来自商务旅游公司的一名导游员，也是大家这次北海之行的地接导游，我的名字是周小燕，大家可以叫我小周或者周导，只要让我知道你们是在叫我就可以了啊。那接下来呢我要为大家隆重的介绍一下在我们本次旅游中占有绝对重要位置的人，那就是为我们保驾护航的司机师傅X师傅，我们业内呢，有这样的说法，司机呢到了吉林是急开，到了蒙古呢是猛开，到了上海是胡开，那有没有人能想到来了我们广西是怎么开啊?还是我来接开谜底吧，我们广西的师傅呢，比较特殊，他们呢是在黑白两道都能开，为什么这样说呢，那就要说到我们广西的气候了，“春有百花秋有月，夏有凉风冬有雨”，这就是我们广西的气候特征，四季分明，春夏秋三季的道路呢一般是白色的，到了冬季一下雨，道路就变成黑色了，所以呢我们的师傅是黑百两道都混的很熟的，所以大家对我们这一天的行车安全呢尽可以放心了。那现在呢我想请我们车上的女士朋友呢，把你们的目光全部集中到我们师傅这里来，有这样一个说法：一等男人家外有家，二等男人家外有花，三等男人花中寻家，四等男人下了班回家。呵呵，那大家看看我们师傅属于几等男人呢?开动您的大脑，好好的想一想，哦，去掉一个错误答案，D，想我们这样，师傅一出团就是4、5天是不可能下班就回家的啊。 师傅呢可是一等一的好男人啊，为什么这样说呢，大家可别瞎想啊，我可没有说我们师傅花心啊。那大家看看此时此刻为我们遮风挡雨的旅游车，它呢就是我们师傅一个流动的家啊，当然师傅也很爱它，所以同学们要爱好我们师傅的家哈，保持干净整洁。

那小周这里想考考到家，大家知道师傅的特长是什么吗?同学们有些说：“开车”!导游：不是，师傅的特长是三心二意!大家不要奇怪，是哪三心二意呢。1是开车小心 ，2是对待客人耐心，3是服务大家热心。又是哪二意呢：1是开起车来一心一意;2是为各位美女帅哥服务全心全意。(最后我要送给大家一样东西，我要送给大家7千万，大家不要惊讶，就是7千万。。。。。。。)一、千万要注意安全，二、千万要保管好自己的随身物品，三、千万要记得集合时间，四、千万要记得集合地点，五、千万要集体行动不要单独行动，六、记住我们的车牌号，还有老师的电话号码，7、大家一定要记得以上六千万;现在我们都是千万富翁了，对吧。 相信同学们对我们今天北海旅游行程有一定的了解，我们首先参观的是北海城市标志南珠魂，它位于终年花团锦簇、芳草如茵的北部湾广场，由直径30米的喷水池、高15米的巨型人工珠贝和群雕组成，被誉为“广西第一城雕”，其设计者为四川美院院长叶毓山教授。

游完南珠魂呢我们将会漫步始建于1883年、长达近1.5公里的北海老街，可以慢慢体会北海历史脚步。 体验完北海百年老街，我们可以不出国门，就可以一览世界第三代海洋馆的壮丽海底景观，那就是海底世界，在这里，每天都会有多场精彩刺激的水下表演等着您。

那最后我们将会到达哪里呢，那就是我们同学们向往已久的北海银滩了。

ladies and gentlemen:

welcome to the temple of heaven. (after self-introduction) preserved cultural heritages of china. there are basically two kinds of visitors who come here: local pensioners who do exercises here in the morning and evening and sightseers both from home and abroad. all in all ，there are 12 million visitors very year. now we are going to go along the route that leads to the alter. it will take roughly one hour. mind you ，the emperor also walked along this route to pay tribute to the god of heaven.

the largest group of architectures ever to be dedicated to heaven ，the temple of heaven served as an exclusive altar for chinese monarchs during the ming and qing dynasties. it was decreed that rulers of successive dynasties would place altars in their own capitals to worship heaven and pray for good harvest. but why ?

the ancient chinese believed that heaven was the supreme ruler of the universe and the fate of mankind，and thus worshiping rites dedicated to heaven came into being.

the heaven the ancient chinese referred to was actually the universe， or nature. in those days， there were specfic rites of worship. this was especially true during the ming and qing dynasties when elaborate ceremonies were held.

the temple of heaven was built in 1420 during the reign of emperor youngle of the ming dynasty. situated in the southern part of the city ，this grand set of structures covers an area of 273 hectares. to better symbolize heaven and earth ，the northern part of the temple is circular while the southern part is square .the whole compound is enclosed by two walls， a square wall outside a round one. the outer area is characterized by suburban scenery， while the inner part is used for sacrifices. the inner enclosure consists of the hall of prayer for good harvest and the circular mound altar.

the circular mound altar is enclosed by two walls ，each containing four groups of southern lattice star gate， each in turn consisting of three doors， with 24 marble doors altogether. standing on the passage facing north， you will notice that with each pair of doors on is narrower than the other. this reflects the feudal hierarchy: the wider door was reserved for monarchs， while the narrower one was used by courtiers.

on the day of the ceremony ，the emperor would don his ritual costume and be ushered in by the official in charge of religious affairs. he ascended the three terraces in the forefront to pay tribute at the alter.

we are now on the top terrace of the altar， or the third terrace .each terrace has a flight of 9 steps. at the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 steps. at the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 concentric rings of stone. the number of stones in the first ring is 9， in the second ，18， up to 81 in the 9th ring. even the number of carved balustrades on these terraces is a multiplee of 9. but why?

according to ancient chinese philosophy， yin and yang were two opposing factors. heaven and the odd numbers belonged to yang while the earth and even numbers belonged to yin. nine was the largest heavenly number accessible to man . what is more， the ancient people also believed that heaven consisted of nine layers and that the emperor` s abode was on the uppermost tier.

once more look at the round stone in the center. the upper terrace is nine zhang (a chinese unit of length， one zhang equals 3.3 meters ) in circumference ，while the middle is 15 zhang， the lower，21 zhang. classified as yang numbers， the sum of these numerals is 45 zhang which was meant to symbolized success. what is more， by applying the concept of odd numbers and strengthening nine and its multiples， the concept of heaven was thus illustrated and realized . the concept of nine will also be mentioned when we visit some other buildings.

now i will give you a brief account of what happened here annually on the inter solstice. the memorial tablet dedicated to heaven would be set up on the north side of the terrace， while tablets dedicated to the emperor `s ancestors would be enshrined on the flanks. the service would begin around 4 o` clock in the morning. all of the lanterns would be lit .in the foreground， a sacrificial calf is being barbecued. on the square in front of the altar， the emperor， under heavy escort of nearly a thousand courtiers， princes of royal blood ，musicians， dancers and uniformed soldiers， would slowly ascend the altar to offer sacrifice and pray in honor of heaven. when the service drew to a close ，the sacrifice offered in front of the memorial tablets would be incinerated .all of participants would watch the thick smoke rise upward as if they were seeing god off .music and dancing would follow .in the end ，the emperor would return to the forbidden city secure in the belief that he would be blessed and protected by heaven until the next winter solstice.

it is interesting to note that ，the stone in the very middle of the altar was of major importance ，since it was where the emperor used to stand to say his prayer. the stone ，which is known as the god`s heart stone， is peculiar in that it is characterized by a specific acoustic phenomenon: it made the emperor` s voice clearer and louder， thus adding to the mystic atmosphere of the service .you can try this out by yourself. (proceed northward to pass through the lattice stargate)

this structure is known as heaven` s storehouse. it is entered through the gate of glazed tiles. the roofing，beams， and brackets are all made of glazed tiles or bricks. this is the only structure of its kind in china today .

the heaven` s storehouse was where memorial tablets dedicated to the gods were kept. douglas hurd， a former british foreigh secretary ，once said ， “god attends to his affairs on the cir4cular mound altar but stays here. ” now let` s go in to to see it (go through the left side door)

(in the courtyard of heaven` s storehouse)this is the imperial vault of heaven， the main structure of heaven` s storehouse. it was built in 1530 and is 17 meters in height and 19 meters in diameter. the structure feature blue roofs topped by a gilded ball ，and carved wooden doors and windows. it is decorated with colored paintings. founded on a 3-meter-hign round marble terrace ，the building also features a gigantic carved marble ramp laid in the stone staircase leading up to the front entrance.. the ramp is carved in “two dragons playing with a pearl ” design in relief. we will enter the main hall by going up the stone staircase on the eastern side.

the arch of the hall is buttressed by 16 giant pillars on two rings. on top of the pillars there are gilt brackets supporting a circular caisson ，or covered ceiling .the ceiling is characterized by a golden coiling dragon design. the 8 pillar of the inner ring are painted scarlet and decorated with golden lotuses.

to the north of the hall there is a marble pedestal. atop it ，up a wooden flight of 9 steps， is where the major tablet dedicate to heaven was enshrined. on each flank four tablets are enshrined in honor of the ancestors of the qing emperors. in the annex hall in hornor of the ancestors of the qing emperors. in the annex halls in the courtyard， there are tablets dedicated to the deities of the sun， moon ，constellation， cloud ，rain， wind and thunder.

aside from exquisitely laid out architectures， heaven` s storehouse is also famous for two structures with peculiar acoustic features， i. e. the echo wall and the triple- sound stone. a mere whisper at any point close to the wall can be heard clearly on the other side， although the parties may be 40 or 50 meters apart. this is possible because the wall is round and hermetically constructed with smooth ，solid bricks.

in front of the steps leading away from the halls is the triple sound stone. if you stand on the first stone and call out or clap your hands， the sound will echo once; on the second stone， the sound will be heard twice; and on the third stone， the sound will repeat three times. hence the name. (go out through the right door and stroll along the circular path nor thward)

the temple of heaven is also famous for its cypress trees-there are more than 60，000 cypress trees in all，among which over 4，000 are more than one hundred years old ，adding to the solemn atmosphere of the temple .this tall cypress was planted more than 500 years ago. its thick branches and twisting trunk resembling nine coiling playful dragons; thus it is known as the nine-dragon cypress. it is said that this tree was here to welcome the monarchs. now it is here to welcome visitor from all over the world.

Now we are back again on the central axis. this brick-arched gate is known as chengzhen (adopting fidelity) .this gate is the northern gate of the circular mound altar and the hall of prayer for good harvest. the hall of prayer for good harvest is situated at the extreme end of the axis. it was used by the emperor in the first month of every lunar year for services dedicated to good harvest.

entering the hall of prayer for good harvest， we set foot on a raised passage 360 meters long， which the emperor also took to proceed to the hall. this broad north-south walkway， called danbiqiao (red stairway bridge)， connects the two sets of main building in the temple of heaven and constitutes a single axis.

the passage is divided into left， control and right paths by the cross arrangement of slabs. the central and the widest path is known as heavenly thoroughfare ， which was reserved exclusively for god; nobody， including the emperor， was allowed to set foot onto it . the emperor used the path on the east，which is known as the imperial walk. the ministers and princes used the one on the west .interesting enough ，there is no walkway left for ordinary people. this is because the temple of heaven used to be off-limits to them.

contrary to appearances， this walkway is not a bridge at all . but how so ? this road is 4 meters above the ground and there is a cavern underneath that was reserved for sacrificial oxen and sheep. the cattle were slaughtered at a slaughterhouse about 500 meters away and brought here for sacrifice. all in all ，it can be said this walkway did serve as bridge and can be looked upon as the first cloverleaf in beijing.

looking back at the thoroughfare， you may realize that this walk is gaining height toward its northern end. as people approach the architectural group of the hall of prayer for good harvest， the flanking groves of cypress recede and perspective widens. here you are in heaven.

the marble terrace up ahead is called jufutai， or costumechanging terrace. it is located to the east of the red stairway bridge and covers a space of 25 square meters .it has marble slab balustrades. the day before the service ，officials in charge would put up a yellow satin tent on the terrace for the emperor to change out of his yellow dragon robe into blue ceremonial clothes. after the service，the emperor would return to the tentand change back into his imperial robe before returning to the palace. (proceed to the south gate of the hall of prayer for good harvest)

this structure is called the gate of pray for good harvest. we can catch a slight glimpse of the central building ，the hall of prayer for good harvest， though the colonnade of the gate. a gigantic and lofty group of buildings， the complex includes the gate of prayer for good harvest， the hall of prayer for good harvest， eastern and western annex halls ，the huanqian (imperial heaven) long corridor， heaven kitchen， slaughterhouse， etc.

the annex halls were symmetrically built on a 1.5-meter-hignbrick-and-marble terrace ，to set off the loftiness and magnificence of the main hall .this unique building ，38 meters in height， is characterized by a cone-shaped structure with triple eaves and a top that is crowned by a gilt ball. the roofing is made of blue glazed tiles， the color of the sky .underneath the roof， the beams and bracket are decorated with colored paintings. the base of the structure is a triple-tiered， circular marble terrace. at a distance， the terrace looks like a gigantic， spiraling cloud with the structure perched on top of it .

today the hall of prayer for good harvest is the hallmark of beijing， which enjoys a prolonged history of civilization.

the base of the hall is a triple-tiered， circular marble terrace， which is 90 meters in diameter and 6 meters in height ，covering a space of 4，000 square meters. meticulous accuracy was given to the layout of the structure. in the middle of each three-tiered flight of stairs， there is a giant marble ramp carved in cloud， dragon and phoenix designs. to set off the ramps， the top of the balustrades and downpipes are designed with corresponding floral scrolls. in southern part of each tier， a gigantic bronze incense burner is placed. sandalwood was burnt in them when rites were observed.

(in front of the hall of prayer for good harvest) climbing up this marble terrace， we see the main hall，a masterpiece of ancient china. looking up you will see the caisson， or covered ceiling， characterized by complex designs of dragons and phoenixes. in and out ， the hall is decorated with colored drawing of dragons and phoenixes.

without the use of steel ，cement and nail， and even without the use of big beams and crossbeams，the entire structure is supported by 28 massive wooden pillars and number of bars， laths， joints and rafters. the four central pillars， called the dragon-well pillars， are 19.2 meters high and painted with designs of composite followers， representing the four season. there are two rings of 12 scarlet pillars each. the inner ring represents the 12 months and the outer rings the 12 divisions of the day and night .between the two rings there are 24 partitioned spaces to mark the solar terms of the chinese lunar year. the pillars， 28 in number， also represent the 28 constellations in the universe- the ancient chinese believed that there were 28 constellations that made up the sky.

the center of the stone-paved floor is a round marble slab， which is 88.5 centimeters in diameter. interestingly， the slab features natural black and white veins， corresponding to the dragon-phoenix design on the ceiling. this particular slab is known as the dragon-phoenix stone and is regarded as a treasure inseparable from the hall.

the furnishings within the hall are placed in their original positions dating back to when emperor xianfeng ruled .in the forefront and above the throne are enshrined tablets in commemoration of heaven. on either table on each side tablets of the emperor` s ancestors were placed. each tablet is fronted by an altar. a total of 24 kinds of offering were made on it ，including soup， wine， assorted cereals， and a calf.

the sacrificial rites were observed in the wee hours of the morning， sometime in the first month of the chinese lunar year. because it was still dark， candles， lanterns and torches were lit. this lighting coupled with the incense being burnt inside the hall ，helped make the ceremony both grand and mystical.

by the time the service began，207 musicians and dancers would be performing on platforms outside the hall. the emperor， in his blue sacrificial robe and with an air of piety and sincerity， would walk slowly into the hall， kowtow， and offer wine and prayer in hornor of the deities and his ancestors. all of the offerings would then be taken to incinerators on the eastern side of the gate of prayer for good harvest. with this we conclude our visit to the temper of heaven. the feudal monarchs and their sacrificial rites have long vanished in history .however， this group of magnificent and lofty structures remain as a fine testament of the ancient chinese` s ingenuity and as one of the cultural heritages of mankind.

from the eastern gate of the hall of prayer for good harvest， we have now enter a 300-meter-long corridor. consisting of 72 sections， this corridor served as a connecting building between the slaughterhouse. heaven kitchen， and the main hall ，it is said that this once served as a sacrificial food production line. flanking the corridor are shopping stalls. you may find some souvenirs for your family and friend there.

well ，that is all for this tour. thank you for your attention. i look forward to your next visit. good luck and bon voyage.

远古人类的足迹，随着时代推移而遍及今日的南京。东郊汤山出土了距今约30万～50万年的“南京猿人”完整的头骨化石；溧水县神仙洞发现了距今一万年以前的“溧水人”遗址。

距今6000多年前，南京鼓楼岗西北侧的北阴阳营和玄武湖畔、长江岸边开始出现新石器时代的原始村落，聚居着南京的初民。3000多年前，沿江河地带，已经相当密集地分布着青铜时代的居民聚落，以秦淮河中游的湖熟镇一带较为集中，称为“湖熟文化”。

公元前472年，越王勾践灭吴后，在今中华门西南侧建城，开创了南京的城垣史。公元前333年，楚威王大败越国，于石头山筑城置金陵邑，金陵之称亦因此而得名。秦汉时期，南京地区随经济发展而建县渐多。汉末三国鼎立之初，公元229年，孙权在武昌称帝，9月即迁都于此，称作建业，为南京建都之始。公元317年，晋琅琊王司马睿建立东晋政权，以建康（今南京）为国都，这是南京城市发展史上的第一个高峰时期。此后，南朝宋、齐、梁、陈相继定都建康，史称“六代豪华”，南京由此有“六朝古都”的美称。公元937年，南京成为南唐的首都，称为江宁府，这是南京城市发展史上的第二个高峰期。1368年，朱元璋在应天府称帝，建立明朝，以“应天”为“南京”，第一次成为一统天下的全国首都。由此，南京城市发展进入又一高峰期，南京都城为当时世界第一大城。1853年，太平天国定都于此，改名天京。1912年元旦，中华民—国成立，孙中山在南京就任中华民—国临时大总统。

“金陵自古帝王州”，从中古到近现代，继孙吴之后，东晋、宋、齐、梁、陈、南唐、明朝、太平天国以及中华民—国先后定都南京，共455年，史称“十代故都”，留下了丰富的文化文化遗产。

1949年4月23日南京解放，成为中央人民政府直辖市。1952年9月，南京为江苏省省辖市。1953年1月1日，江苏省人民政府成立，南京为江苏省省会。1994年2月，经国务院同意，中央机构编制委员会明确南京的行政级别为副省级。

南京是中国重要的综合性工业生产基地。南京的电子、化工生产能力在国内城市中居第二位，车辆制造规模居第三位，机械制造业的技术、规模居国内领先地位，家用电器业、建材工业也都具有较大规模。南京是华东地区重要的交通、通讯枢纽，建立了全方位、立体化、大运量的交通运输网络，铁路、公路、水运、空运、管道五种运输方式齐全，拥有现代化的通讯体系。南京是全国四大科研教育中心城市之一，是全国重要的高教、科研基地，拥有一批国内一流的高校和科研机构。被国家9个部委列为中国投资硬环境“四十优”城市之一。

先后被评为中国城市综合实力“五十强”第五名、国家园林城市、中国优秀旅游城市、全国科技兴市先进城市、全国双拥模范城市、全国城市环境综合整治10佳城市、全国科技进步先进城市、国家环境保护和国家卫生城市等称号。

古老的秦淮河玉带般蜿蜒舒展，站立桥头，眼前宛然是历史在悠悠流过；点缀两旁的玄武湖和莫愁湖静如处子，似在幽然倾诉；钟山、栖霞山迤逦悠长，“神龙”般延续着千年的守卫；金陵古城默然而立，城内的沧桑繁华刻写着它的年轮。

南京文化古迹遍布，从中可以探寻历史的源头：中山陵依山而建，结构严整，观之而生一股浩然之气；夫子庙建筑群古色古香，漫步其间，让你体味明清时代的市井繁荣；中华门气势宏伟，设计巧妙，置身城内，壁垒森然，耳边似有战马嘶鸣；此外还有灵谷寺、石象路、三国东吴所筑石头城遗址、明代朱元璋的陵墓（明孝陵）以及革命纪念地雨花台等，引人遐思无限。

古老悠久的文化遗产，现代文明的经济都市，与蔚为壮观的自然景观构成了南京独特的园林城市风貌。