写北京故宫导游词通用十篇 北京导游词最新20篇

Good morning Ladies and Gentlemen:

My name is ___. I’m very honored to be youre guide. I do hope all of youcould like my guiding and enjoy everything on your pleasant day. This morning weare going to visit the Summer Palace. The Summer Palace is located on thenorthwest suburbs of Beijing, about 20 kilometers away from the center of thecity. So it will take us about 1 hour to get there. Before we arrived at theSummer Palace, I would like to introduce you a brief introduction of thewoderful imperial garden. The Summer Palace is the most beautiful and thelargest imperial garden existing in Chinan, and it is the best-preservedimperial garden in the world. In 1998, it was placed on the List of WorldCultural Heritage by the UNESCO.

The Summer Palace was first built as an imperial garden at the beginning of12th century in the Jin Dynasty. The construction continued to the Yuan and Mingdynasties. In the Qing Dynasty, the building of imperial gardens reached itsculmination. During Emperor Qianlong’s reign, the famous ‘Three Hills and FiveGardens’ were built on the northwest suburbs of Beijing. The Summer Palace was apart of it and at that time was called the Garden of Clear Ripples. In 1860, theAnglo-French Allied Forces invaded Beijing. The ‘Three Hills and Five Gardens’were burnt down to ashes.

In 1888, the Empress Dowager Cixi spent the navy fund having the Garden ofClear Ripples rebuilt. And then she renamed it the Garden of Nurtured Harmony(Summer Palace).

In 1900, the Allied Forces of Eight Powers invaded Beijing. The SummerPalace was once again severely damaged. It was rebuilt again in 1902.

In 1924, the Last Emperor Puyi was driven out of the palace, after that,the Summer Palace was turned into a public park.

Ladies and Gentlemen, please look over there, in front of us is an archway.It is called “Emptiness and the collection of excellence”, and it is the firstscenery of the Summer Palace. The two Chinese words on the front side of thearchway mean emptiness and refer to everything in nature and in the scenery. Thetwo words on the back side mean Collection of Excellence and refer to thetranquility of the beautiful scenery just within the garden.

(outside the East Palace Gate)

Now, we have arrived at the East Palace Gate. It’s the main entrance of theSummer Palace. On top of the gate there is a plaque with three Chinesecharacters ‘The Summer Palace’ in Emperor Guangxu’s handwriting. The gate thatwe are now entering was used by the emperor, the empress only in the olddays.

(Inside the East Palace Gate)

Now we are inside the Summer Palace. In front of us is the second gate ofthe Summer Palace— the Gate of Benevolence and Longevity. The annex halls onboth sides were used for officials on duty and the offices of the Privy Council.Well, Before we start our tour in the garden, I will briefly introduce you thelayout of the Summer Palace and our tour route. O.K., ladies and gentlemen, mayI have your attention please? Let’s look at the map together, From it we can seethe Summer Palace covers an area of 290 hectares, which the lake occupies thethree-fourths. The whole garden can be divide into three parts: the area was forpolitical activities, resting places of the emperor and empress, and sightseeingareas. Our tour will start from the area of the political activities, and endoff the Marble Boat. On the way, we will visit the main constructions of theSummer Palace, such as the Hall of Jade Ripples, the Hall of Happiness andLongevity, the Long Corridor, the Hall of Dispelling Clouds and so on. It willtake us about two hours to visit the Summer Palace. Please attention, we won’twalk back and our driver will pick us up at the North Gate. Should you get lostor separated from the group, please meet us at the North Gate.

Ok, everyone, let’s start our tour from the emperors’ office --- the Hallof Benevolence and Longevity. Follow me please.

(Inside the courtyard of the Benevolence and Longevity)

Passing through the Gate of Benevolence and Longevity, we have alreadyentered the courtyard of the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity. The huge rock infront of us is Taihu Rock. It was quarried from Taihu Lake in Jiangsu Province,so it was known as Taihu Rock. Please look around the courtyard and you can seethere are four grotesque shaped rocks placed in each corner of this courtyard,representing the four seasons of the year. The Taihu Rocks are usually used asdecoration for beautifying gardens and they are thin, crease, leak andpenetration in characters.

The bronze mythical animal behind the Taihu Rock is known as Suanni or somepeople call it Qilin. According to ancient Chinese mythology, the dragon hadnine sons, but none of them became a real dragon. Suanni was one of the ninesons of the dragon. It was an auspicious animal that could avoid evil spirits inancient lengeds. Suanni has the head of dragon, the antlers of dear, the hoovesof ox and the tail of lion.

(In front of the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity)

This grand hall is the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity. It was firstbuilt in 1750. The name of this hall taken from a book entitled ‘Lun Yu’ byConfucius doctrine means, “ those who are benevolent can enjoy a long life.”This hall was the place where Emperor Guangxu and Empress Dowager Cixi heldaudience and handled state affairs when they were in the Summer Palace. Forprotecting the historical cultural relic, we couldn’t enter the hall. So I wouldlike to briefly introduce you the decorations in the Hall of Benevolence andLongevity. The arrangement of the hall has been left untouched. In the middle ofthe hall stands an emperor’s throne carved with nine dragons on design. Thereare two big fans on both sides behind the throne which are made of peacockfeathers. Behind the throne there is a big screen with red sandalwood frame andglass mirror inlaid. On the mirror there are 226 Chinese characters of the word‘Longevity’ written in different styles. There are two scrolls on each side ofthe wall with a big Chinese character ‘Longevity’ written on it. It was saidthat the word ‘Longevity’ written by Empress Dowager Cixi. There are 100 batspainted at the background of the scroll symbolizing happiness.

Well, please look up the two pairs of incense burners in the shape of adragon and a phoenix in front of the hall. They were used to burn incense sticksto create the appropriate atmosphere. In the old days, the dragon and phoenixwere the symbol of the emperor and empress. According to ritual, the dragonsshould be placed in the center while phoenixes were to either side in front ofthe hall.However, here, the dragons are off to the sides and the phoenixes arein the middle. This was a product of the end of Qing Dynasty when EmpressDowager Cixi handled state affairs behind the screen.

(At the entrance of Garden of virtuour Harmony)

We are now visiting the Garden of Virtuous Harmony, where Emperor Qianlongand Empress Dowager Cixi were entertained with Bejing Opera performances. Itmainly consists of the Dressing House, the Grand Theater Building and the Hallof Pleasure Smile. The Grand Theater Building was known as the ‘Cradle ofBeijing Opera’ was uniquely laid out and magnificently decorated. There are 7exhibition halls with articles of daily use on display here.

(In front of the Grand Theater Building)

This is the Grand Theater Building. Of the three main theater buildings ofthe Qing Dynasty, the Grand Theater Building is the tallest and largest one. Theother two are Changyin Pavilion in the Forbidden City and Qingyin Pavilion inthe Mountain Resort in Chengde. The Grand Theater Building, a three-storiedstructure, has a double roof with upturned eaves. It is 21 meters high and 17meters wide. Performances could be staged simultaneously on three levels. Thetop one was a symbol of happiness, the middle level was emolument level and thebottom stage was named longevity stage. Each level has the entrance and theexit. There are some trapdoors in the ceiling and below the floor for ‘celestialbeing’ to fly down from the sky and the ‘devils’ to appear from the earth to setoff a certain atmosphere on the stage. There is also a well and five ponds builtunder the stage for a good effect of water scenes. The stage is open to threesides.

Well, please look at the construction that stands right opposite the GrandTheater Building, it’s the Hall of Pleasure Smile. The Empress Dowager Cixi usedbo sit inside the hall to watch and enjoy the Peking Opera.

(A lakeside walk from the Garden of virtuous Harmony to the Hall of JadeRipples)

We are now standing in the middle of a rockery behind the Hall ofBenevolence and Longevity. It appears that there’s nothing special ahead.However, after we clear the rockery, we will reach Kunming Lake. This is anapplication of a specific style of Chinese

gardening.

Now, we are walking along the bank of the Kunming Lake. Look over there,not far away in the lake there is an islet. It’s called the Spring HeraldingIslet. The pavilion on the islet is called the Spring Heralding Pavilion. Anumber of willow trees and peach trees were planted on this islet. In earlyspring, when the ice begins to melt, peach trees are red in pink blossoms,willow trees turn a tender green signaling that the early spring has returned.Hence the name ‘Heralding Sping Pavilion’.

(In front of the Hall of Jade Ripples)

This group of special and quiet courtyard dwellings is the Hall of JadeRipples. The words “Jade Ripples” came from a verse “Gentle ripples gushing outof Jade Spring”, which refers to the rippling water in the lake. It was firstused by Emperor Qianlong to attend to state affairs. In the late Qing Dynasty,it was where Emperor Guangxu was put under house arrest.

This hall is a hallmark of the Movement of 1898. Emperor Guangxu wasEmperor Dowager Cixi’s nephew. After Emperor Tongzhi died, Emperor Dowager Ciximade her nephew, who was at that time four years old a successor in order tocontinue her hold on imperial power. She ‘handled state affairs behind thescreen’. After Emperor Guangxu ‘managed state affairs personally’ at the age of19, a political conflict occurred between the conservatives and the reformers.In 1898, the Reform Movement took place with the aim of sustaining the coreprinciples of the Qing Dynasty while reforming outdated laws. The movementlasted for103 days until it was suppressed by Empress Dowager Cixi. It wascalled the ‘Hundred-Day Reform’. After the reform failed, Emperor Guangxu wasput under house arrest here. For the strict control of him, Empress Dowager Cixiordered to build many brick walls in the front, back, and on the right and leftof the Hall of Jade Ripples. At that time the hall was entirely sealed up, justlike a prison. Today only the hidden walls in the east and west annex room stillmaintain its original appearance. It is open to visitors as the relic related tothe 1898 Reform Movement.

(In front of the Chamber of Collecting Books)

This is the Chamber of Collecting Books. In Chinese, it’s called “Yi YunGuang”. “Yun” was a kind of fragrant weed. In ancient times, it was usually usedas termite repellent in rooms where books were stored.In the Emperor Qianlong’sreign, the purpose of the hall was for collecting books. Later it was convertedinto a residence. There used to be the residence of Guangxu’s Empress Longyu,and his favorite concubine Zhenfei.

(In the Hall of Happiness and Longevity)

This group of courtyard is the Hall of Happiness and Longevity. It was themajor architectural structure in the living quarters and the residence ofEmpress Dowager Cixi. The whole compound was basically made of wood, which isideal for ventilation and lighting. With its quiet and tasteful layout, the Hallof Happiness and Longevity made life very easy and convenient. In front of theHall of Happiness and Longevity there is a huge rock placed in the middle ofthis courtyard named “Qing Zhi Xiu” and nicknamed as “Family Bankruptcy Rock”.This huge rock was discovered in Fangshan District by a Ming official MiWanzhong. He wanted to transport it to his own garden “Shaoyuan”. In the olddays, transporting such rock was very difficult. After spending all his money toship it, he still could not succeed in doing this. The big rock was then left onthe roadside somewhere near Liangxiang County, 30 kilometers southwest ofBeijing. Hence it was nicknamed “Family Bancruptcy Rock”. Later Emperor Qianlongdiscovered it and transported to the Garden of Clear Ripples and laid in frontof the Hall of Happiness and Longevity. The colorful glass chandeliers hanginginside the hall was introduced from Germany in 1903. It is one of the earliestelectric lights in China.

(In front of the Gate of Inviting the Moon of the Long Corridor)

Ladies and Gentlemen, you may have visited some of the best museums in theworld, such as the Louvre in France and the Museum of Great Britain. Now I willshow you a special gallery in the palace—the Long Corridor. In 1990, the LongCorridor was listed in the Guinness Book of World Records as ‘the longestpainted corridor’ in the world’. It would be a pity if we leave the SummerPalace without visiting the Long Corridor and the Marble Boat. Now, here we go,the Long Corridor first!

(Strolling along the Long Corridor)

The Long Corridor starts from the Gate Inviting the Moon to the ShizhangGate. It is 728 meters long and consists of 273 sections. The Long corridor isone of the major structures of the Summer Palace. Since the corridor wasdesigned to follow the physical features of the southern slope of LongevityHill, four multiple-eaved, octagonal pavilions ( Retaining the GoodnessPavilion, Living with the Ripples Pavilion, Autumn Water Pavilion, Clear and FarPavilion) were placed at bends and undulation, they represent four seaons of ayear. Thus visitors will hardly notice the rise and fall of the terrain. As amajor part of the architectural style of the Summer Palace, the Long Corridorserves as an ingenious connector between the Lake and the Hill. Scatteredbuildings on the southern slope were linked to create a unified complex.

The Long Corridor is the longest covered veranda in any Chinese garden. Onthe purlins and beams of the covered veranda, there are over 14,000 Suzhou stylepaintings. Among them, there are 546 color paintings relating to the scenes ofWest Lake in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Beside the colorful paintings ofnatural scenery, there are also scenes of flowers, birds, fish, insects,mythology and figures. The paintings of figures are mainly adapted from ancientChinese classical literature, such as ‘Pilgrimage to the West’, ‘The Romance ofthe Three Kingdoms’, ‘The western Chamber’, “Water Margin’, and ‘The Dream ofthe Red Mansion’.

(In front of the Gate of Dispelling Clouds)

Now we are approaching the central part of the structures on the lakesideslope, the Tower of Buddhist Incense within the Hall of Dispelling Clouds. Thecentral axis line starts from the wharf next to the lake to the Sea of Wisdom ontop of the Hill. The main architectural structures here are the Gate ofDispelling Clouds, Hall of Dispelling clouds, Tower of Buddhist Incense and theSea of Wisdom, which altogether form a splendid three-dimensional landscape. Thelayout of this group of architectures was based on scenes described in Buddhistsutras. This group of structures are among the most magnificently constructedhere in the Summer Palace. This is a good place to taking photos, we will stayhere for about 15 minutes.

Now we are walking continuely along the Long Corridor, the next scene weare going to visit is Marble Boat.

Look over there! Halfway up the slope there stands the Hall of Listening toOrioles. It was the place for emperor and empress to enjoy opera and courtmusic. It is said the singing of orioles is very pleasing. Before the Garden ofVirtuous Harmony was built, Empress Dowager Cixi enjoyed opera and music here.Now the hall is one of the most famous restaurants in China, featuring imperialdishes and desserts.

This is the famous Marble Boat. A famous scientist of China’s Eastern HanDynasty once said, “Water can float the boat, but it can also tip it over.” Aprime minister of Tang Dynasty Wei Zheng once used these words to persuade LiShimin, the emperor of the Tang Dynasty. He said people are water and theemperor is the boat. People can support a good emperor. However, they also canoverthrow the dynasty. Emperor Qianlong built this huge boat in the Garden inorder to make the allusion concrete. On one hand, Emperor Qianlong encouragedhimself to run the country well. On the other hand, he wanted to show that hisrule of the Qing Dynasty was as firm as the Marble Boat and there was no fear ofoverturning the boat. The Marble Boat was the place for Emperor Qianlong tosample tea and enjoy the scenery of Kunming Lake. Emperor Qianlong once camehere to engage in the freeing of captive animals. In the times of Qianlong, theMarble Boat was a Chinese styled stone boat with a Chinese style woodensuperstructure on the top of it. When it was rebuilt in the times of Guangxu, aforeign and Chinese elements mixed resulting in two wheels to be added to theboat, one on each side. The floor was paved with colored bricks. All of thewindows were inlaid with multiple-colored glass. A big mirror was installed onthe superstructure for viewing rain.

Our tour is drawing to a close after we visited the Marble Boat. Today weonly visited the major scenic spots of the Summer Palace. I have left otherspots of interest for your next visit. I will now show you out through the RuyiGate. Our coach is waiting for us outside the gate. I do hope you enjoyedtoday’s tour. Thank you.

大家好!我叫朱芮娴，是大伙的导游，大伙可以叫我朱导。今天，我们要观光世界遗产----北京故宫。

故宫又称紫禁城，在北京城中心。占面积72万多平方米，宫殿有楼阁9900余间。是明、清两代皇帝的住所。城四周各设一门，南面的正门是午门，北门叫神武门，东门叫东华门，西门叫西华门。据说，造就故宫就召集了全国著名的工匠23万人左右，民夫100万人，由此可以知道故宫多少大，有多少壮观。故宫整个院落分为两大部分，即“前朝”和“后寝”。“前朝”是皇帝举行盛大典礼的地方，以太和殿、中和殿、保和殿及东西两侧的文华殿及武英殿为主。“后寝”是皇帝及后妃、未成年的子嗣们居住的地方，主要以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫及东西六宫为主。

大家请看，这座建筑物就是午门，午门又称五凤楼。明代，每年正月十五，午门都要悬挂灯赐食百官。到了清代，这个活动就取消了，此外，国家凡有征战凯旋时，皇帝都要在此接受献俘典礼，皇帝亲征也从午门出驾。关于戏曲舞台上“推出午门斩首”的说法，实际上是明代朝廷命官犯罪在午门廷杖，好，我们再往前走。

现在我们已来到了太和殿广常这是铜香炉，这里一共有18 个，代表清朝18个剩东西两侧各有一只铜制的仙鹤和龟，是代表长寿的象征。看，现在展现在我们眼前的是太和殿，是整座紫禁城内级别最高的建筑，只有皇帝举行盛大典礼时才使用，象征皇权的至高无上，。太和殿俗称金銮殿，太和殿正面有12根大柱，东西约63米，高35米。整个大殿雕梁画栋，一条条巨龙蜿蜒盘旋在大红柱子上，这些龙姿态不一，刻画的栩栩如生。整个宫殿也非常豪华富贵。殿内有2米高的平台，上面雕刻着9条金龙的宝座。后面有金漆围屏，前面有御案。殿顶形式为最高等级的重檐庑殿顶，就连大殿正脊上的吻兽也是我国目前最大的，总之处处显示“第一”。

看完了太和殿，我们再来看中和殿。大家请看!中和殿是皇帝在大典前等待吉时、稍事休息的地方。下面，请大家跟我来一起参观当时的国宴厅--保和殿。各位朋友，这座大殿是故宫前朝三大殿中的最后一座大殿，叫保和殿。这座大殿被称为清代的国宴厅及科举考常

现在我们来到了乾清宫，这是皇帝在紫禁城中居住和处理日常政事的地方。乾清宫分为中殿、东暖阁及西暖阁三个部分。正殿是皇帝处理日常政务、临时按见大臣的地方，殿中设有皇帝宝座及御案，正中挂着一块“正大光明”匾，那是清朝皇帝的祖训，作为治国、修身、平天下的基本准则。东、西暖阁是皇帝晚上住宿的地方。

现在请各位随我去参观交泰殿。各位请看，这座四角攒尖顶的大殿叫交泰殿，这座建筑是明清两朝皇后过生日时举行寿庆活动的地方。在大殿后墙匾额上有“无为”二字，那里是康熙皇帝的御笔，意思是希望后代能够以德制国，施以仁政，以图国家长治久安。

各位朋友，现在我们来到了紫禁城的后花园--御花园，这里是帝后们的休闲娱乐的场所。大家可以在此拍照留念。

很高兴今天能为大家讲解，那么接下去的时间就交由你们各自安排。另外，请爱护我们的文化遗产，不要随意破坏他们，谢谢。

大觉寺，始建于南宋咸淳(1265—1274)年间，由志甯禅师首建，至今约七百多年，历代迭有兴替。清乾隆年间(1735～1796)，寺名为“集贤山大觉院”。清道光年间(1820—1850)，更名为“白塔山大觉禅院”。近代《宜兴县志》记载，寺名为“元上乡白塔山大觉寺”。

1920xx年，志开上人出任监院。1938午，悟彻今觉(即佛光山开山宗长星云大师)在此出家。后值战乱时期，军阀、日军侵占，地方不宁，1947年与师兄今观法师返回主持寺务，大师兼任白塔国小校长。1949年解放后历经文化大革命，佛寺无存。1989年，大师由台返国弘法探亲之时，回到宜兴祖庭礼祖。眼见片瓦无存，不禁兴叹：“当尽复兴祖庭之志。”

后来获得江苏省宗教局翁振进局长建议恢复祖庭，无锡、宜兴诸位领导，宜兴佛教协会等均一致赞成。20xx午5月10日宜兴市政府批文同意，于西渚镇横山村王飞岭岕“云湖”之滨建立新寺址，占地二千余亩，依山傍水，翠竹环绕。

20xx年6月佛光山派遣慧伦法师、慧是法师前来，展开筹建工作，20xx年10月14日奠基开工。时有东北诸青年发心于大师座下披剃出家，法名慧方法师、慧品法师、慧有法师、慧宇法师、慧常法师等五人，分别在浙江宁波雪宝寺、江苏泰州光孝寺、广东深圳弘法寺等道场受具足戒后，参与开山重建工作。本山心定、心培、慈惠、慈容、妙士等法师及萧碧霞师姑，多次前来探勘指导。

20xx年3月，宜兴市宗教局发放宗教活动场所登记证，完成寺庙登记，由南京佛教协会会长、栖霞山住持隆相和尚担任住持：同时获得全世界佛光人群策群力协助，共同认定为“佛光祖庭”。同年5月20日，第一期工程完工。有观音殿、大觉寮、美术馆、滴水坊、客堂、斋堂，另有客房数十间。先后并由当地政府斥资完成佛光路、佛光香林路，以及高速公路鲸塘交流道连接快速道路直通本寺，方便地方往来交通。

20xx午10月26日奉行第一期工程观音殿落成阳光暨第二期工程奠基仪式。大雄宝殿工程即将开始，预计20xx年完成，相继则有“佛陀行化图”、白塔等。完成后，即以“大觉寺”为名。

希望大觉寺之复建，有助于社合道德成长，人心净化云尔。

Beijing AnDingMen article in guozijian street, also known as cheng Yin street. The street is a total of four originalre building a type of coloured drawing or pattern, in the qing dynasty is the arched most preserved street in Beijing. Locust trees on both side of the street, blotting out the sun shade, sophora japonica fragrance. Beijing Confucian temple is situated at the eastern end of the street.

Confucius temple is sacrifice famous thinker, educator, Confucius temple world culture celebrities, has a long history.

Beijing Confucian temple was built in the yuan, a teacher for six years (1302 AD), yuan, a teacher for ten years (1306 AD) built, begun to take shape. Ming jiajing nine years (1530 AD) built the footprints temple, dedicated to Confucius five generations of ancestors. Qing guangxu thirty-two years (1906 AD) the expansion of the dacheng hall, Confucius into todays scale. The entire Confucius temple watching operas.it comprises three courtyards, covers an area of about 220xx square meters, the main body construction along the central axis, bilateral symmetry of the traditional Chinese architectural layout. In the long history of more than 700 years, it became a yuan, Ming and qing three generations of rulers Kong Chongru, promoting education, the main context of the holy land, has become many aim at of intellectuals worship hall of fame. This group is old than the imperial palace imperial buildings concentrated the essence of Confucian culture in one thousand, frozen for a period of hundreds of years of imperial examination. In a hall with high ceiling of the chung chi towering cooper, stone forest, Confucius temple, from the noise of the city, touch the pulse of the history, culture, with quiet indifferent heart to feel an extensive and profound Chinese traditional culture, it is a activity.

Main building of Beijing temple of Confucius is covered with yellow glazed tiles, is the highest building in the feudal society regulation. The Confucius temple building scientific layout, scale, highlights the royal style.

Past the door (also called lingxingmeng door) is the Confucius temple gate, width between three and seven deep purlin, single eaves jehiel the top of the hill, basically retained the architectural style of yuan dynasty, past the door on both sides of the connection in the outer wall of the temple, is a city gate. Enter the past the door, right against the face is dacheng door.

Dacheng door was established in the yuan dynasty, rebuilt in the qing dynasty, the width between five and nine purlin, deep single eaves jehiel the top of the mountain. The entire building is located on the tall brick stylobate, embossed on the royal standing in the way of high sea dragon pattern, wulong play bead, lifelike. Dacheng in front of the corridor on both sides by 10 shek kwu, each raised from stone carving a poem in ancient safari. This is when the qing qianlong imitation of the 8th century BC Zhou Xuan Georgian stone relics of print, resembles that of words and profound poetic only knowledgeable Confucius was able to fully understand. First into the courtyard of the former arranges various matters, that is the emperor, the east of the slaughter pavilion, well pavilions, kitchen god, the dishes that look, that is used to slaughter, cleaning and cooking. On both sides of the library, lent by god for offering Kong Liqi store and prepare offerings.

The second into the courtyard is the center of the Confucius temple courtyard, every time, for the Confucius memorial ceremony here then bell and drum everywhere, deriving euphoria, ceremonial majesty. Dacheng hall is the second into the main architecture of the courtyard, has also been the center of the whole Confucian temple architecture, is the most sacred temple in the Confucius temple. Dacheng hall built Yu Dade six years (AD 1302), was destroyed by fire, after the Ming yongle nine years (AD 1411) reconstruction, the qing guangxu thirty-two years (1906 AD) to the temple from 7 to 9. Inside the brics floor, inside the top group longjing mouth smallpox, their level of regulation is the tallest building in feudalism society of China, comparable to the palace hall of supreme harmony. "Dacheng temple consecrate Confucius holy king wen xuan" whore, as both sides have obtain "four with twelve zhe" memorial tablet. A god lead the case on set, respect, jue, You, Bian, beans and other phenomena are qing qianlong drive makes the real thing. Inside and outside the hall hangs 9 to xuantong emperor of the qing emperor kangxi imperial tablets, all is the emperor of the book probes into four words of Confucius, is precious cultural relics.

The third into the yards most distinctive, Confucius temple is composed of the footprints door, temple worship and things peidian peidian independent complete compound, and the former binary compound segmentation significantly and natural transition, reflects the ancients, the clever conception on the ministry of construction bureau. This group of buildings called the footprints temple, is the home of the five generations of ancestors worship Confucius temple. Building the Ming jiajing nine years (AD 1530), the qing qianlong emperor two years (AD 1737) rebuilt, green glazed tile roof instead of the gray tiles and roof. Chung temple, also known as the five dynasties shrine, width between five and seven deep purlin, before the house has a wide platform, the platform built on three sides with step every tenth level. Temple consecrate Confucius memorial tablet of five generations of ancestors and obtain YanHui, hole Ji, who, mencius memorial tablet of the father of the four ancient Chinese philosophers. Things peidian peidian, located in masonry stylobate, width between three and five deep purlin, single eaves the hanging, in cheng, cheng hao finds brother, zhang zai, Cai Shen, zhou dunyi, zhu six Confucianism, the father of the first.

Watching operas.it comprises three courtyards and buildings with clear level difference and function division, harmony to form a whole set of royal sacrificial architecture community, is a prominent representative of Chinese ancient architecture.

Confucius temple after 700 years of history culture, precious cultural relics of a legacy, become a important historical research of ancient Chinese imperial examinations and Confucius Confucianism and in-kind.

In Confucius temple first into the yard on both sides of the imperial way is divided into four parts with 198 tall title jinshi stone, three of the yuan dynasty, the Ming dynasty, 77, 118 in the qing dynasty. The title jinshi stone engraved on the yuan, Ming and qing three generations of names, native places, imperial jinshi in all the subjects, a total of 51624 people. In numerous jinshi we know celebrities such as Ming dynasty etiquette of zhang juzheng, patriotic star Yu Qian, Yuan Chonghuan, scientists present YanSong rape, to learn in the qing dynasty outstanding yu ji xiaolan, liu2 yong and modern celebrity Liu Chunlin, shen junru and so on. Shuttle in the time span for hundreds of years in the forest of steles, stroke want mottled itself, look up at BeiMian has been vague on the handwriting, not let a person a "jiangshan generation have fell out, all the excellences for hundreds of years".

Between the Confucian temple and guozijian ancient royal (university) in the way, there is a made up of 189 large stone forest of steles. Stone carving with Confucian classics: zhouyi, "history", the "book of songs", "rites" and "yili", "rites", "spring and autumn zuo zhuan, the biography of the spring and autumn period and the ram," the spring and autumn GuLiang biography ", the analects of Confucius, "xiao", "mencius", "er ya". This writing is the blueprint of yongzheng years jiangsu jintan gongsheng Jiang Heng lasted 12 years and calligraphy. Fifty-six years of qianlong (1791 AD) burring on the monkey made a. All writing a total of more than 630000 words, large scale, our method is good, the accuracy of the content and the seal of fine degrees are better than that of xi an "writing", and in terms of scale is the second largest after xi an forest of steles forest of steles. Ho-shen, wangjie legend emperor qianlong emperor nominees for President, Peng Yuanrui, liu2 yong as vice-president to textual research. Peng Yuanrui rare books in the song thirteen classics HeDing Jiang Heng calligraphy by the draft, and the popular form of characters to the old style, make the text more complete specification, ancient meaning, highly praised by emperor qian long, were given taizi Pacific title. This makes ho-shen envy is special, of rights in ones hand he ordered overnight to stone tablets to mend all the old style. Until after the collapse of the declaration and archaic handwriting to repair again, there are pieces of dig on BeiMian traces.

On the west side of central courtyard okimichi have seen through. Composed of green petals Wells, stone well. Because is located on the waterline okm, stable door area, the well water often overflow to the mouth of the well, water quality pure palate, legend has it the highest for people after greeting Confucius after all want to drink the water in the well, it is said that after drinking can be inspired, flair, write a good article. With well water ink, 4 excessive, write the word mo xiang pen smoothly. So the qianlong emperor "name inkstone lake. Although now borehole water level is low, there is no one to drink, but the name of the well refined atmosphere and moving legends, added a bit of Confucius literary grace.

什刹海指前海、后海和西海三个湖泊及临近地区，这里拥有大片优美的湖面，也是北京著名的一片历史街区，众多名人故居、王府等古迹散落其中，还有贴近老百姓生活的各类美食，后海酒吧街更是京城夜生活的老牌胜地。

初到什刹海，第一眼一定被大片潋艳的湖光所吸引。夏天湖边非常清凉，荷花盛开，可以坐船欣赏湖景。沿湖码头不少，有前海的好梦江南码头、荷花市场码头，后海的野鸭岛码头、柳荫争渡等码头，都有游船可以坐。脚踏船、手划船可自个儿玩个尽兴，根据不同船型，船费在每小时40-60元间不等;若是观光摇橹船会带你环湖游览，大约需1个小时左右，船夫还会讲解一下什刹海的景点，和人拼船参考价50元，包船300元左右。到了冬天湖面结了冰，游船便不开了，但可以来欣赏冬景，当冰层达到一定厚度，湖上就会开辟出什刹海滑冰场。入场滑冰成人和儿童都是15元，节假日20元;提供冰鞋、冰上自行车等的租借，都不贵，不过需100-200元的押金。

什刹海周边的古建筑使景区依然保留着老北京特色。有汇通祠、德胜门箭楼、宋庆龄故居及醇亲王府、广化寺、银锭桥、钟鼓楼、郭沫若故居等景点，其中最著名的当属位于前海西街上和珅的宅邸——恭王府。除了一睹清朝贪官和珅的豪宅外，府中藏着的1万多个“福”字据说能给游客带来福气，康熙御笔福字碑更是让游客不惜排长队也要一睹真容沾沾福气的“镇宅之宝”。若有兴趣，还可以拐到烟袋斜街寻访标志着中国近代邮政诞生的大清邮局，在邮局敲几个花纹精美的邮戳做纪念，当然盖邮戳要先购买邮局的明信片。

喜欢随意吃些小吃，可以买一串冰糖葫芦，靠着什刹海的汉白玉栏杆，边吃边看看湖上来往的游船。若要专门寻访北京小吃，可以去宋庆龄故居西侧的九门小吃，在老式四合院中，囊括了十多家北京老字号小吃，酱牛肉、褡裢火烧、涮羊肉、豆腐脑，应有尽有;或者去梅兰芳纪念馆西边的护国寺小吃街，管式翅吧、宫廷奶酪、鞋底火烧，品尝来自胡同的美味;另外，在荷花市场里有家全聚德烤鸭店。

每当夜幕降临，什刹海最热闹的时候便来临了。围绕什刹海的众多酒吧传来阵阵歌声，什刹海的一些酒吧歌手真的唱得不错，酒吧背后有“北漂”一族的故事。摇滚歌手窦唯在什刹海驻唱过3年，据说现在什刹海的餐馆庆云楼就是他开的。烈火麒麟酒吧据坊间流传有个唱许巍的歌很好的歌手，其他比较出名的酒吧有胡同写意、甲丁坊等。去酒吧坐坐，看歌手表演，从歌声中仿佛能听到“北漂”们对音乐的热忱、和对一夜成名的渴望。

什刹海东边靠着南锣鼓巷，南边临着北海公园，与再南边一点的景山公园、故宫、天安门广场离得也不远。一般白天玩故宫或者天安门，晚上到什刹海的酒吧坐坐;若不去故宫、天安门，喜欢湖景，可以北海公园和什刹海一起游玩;若只喜欢逛街吃小吃，可以逛完什刹海去旁边的南锣鼓巷接着逛。

大家好!我是来自莞英旅游团的导游，我姓王，大家可以叫我“小王”或“王导”。

我们来到了长城脚下，大家看到这些方砖了吗?它们一块有三千公斤重，也许你们会问“古代劳动人民怎么运上八达岭呢?”告诉你们吧，就靠着他们的无数的肩膀无数的手抬上来的，关于长城有这么一个传说——冰道运石，当初，修建长城时，需要成千上万块长2米、宽0。5米、厚0。3米的石条，工匠们在黑山将石条凿好后，却没有人抬得起，车拉不动，且山高路远，无法运输，大伙儿边凿石条边发愁：“眼看冬天就要来了，石条还没有运出一块，若要耽误工期，没有工钱是小，这脑袋就难保了!”

大家正长吁短叹，这时，忽然山顶一声闷雷，从天飘下一张锦旗，写着“冰道”二字，大家恍然大悟，按旗行事。等冬季来到后，众人从山上往长城修一条路，在上面泼水，立刻结成冰道，然后把石条放上去滑行，非常顺利地运输走。以上是冰道运石的故事，可见劳动人民多么具有智慧，剩下时间大家自由参观吧!

东路以建筑为主。东有两山南北奔趋，两山各在东南和东北转折成围合状。建筑分三个小院。，南面靠东院入，抬头是一精致垂花门，入内为狭长院落，院内当年种竹，正厅为大戏楼之后部，西厢为中路明道堂之后卷，东厢为一排厢房，院西为另一个狭长院落。入口月洞门，曰:吟香醉月。北面是东路的主体建筑大戏楼，戏楼自成一个小院，面积达685平方米，院内有前厅、观众厅、舞台、扮戏房等，厅内装饰豪华，是王府的观戏处。

西路以山水为主。西路的起始部分从飞来峰西走，在南端是两山之间的一个雄关。关名曰:榆关，榆关即长城的山海关，是长城的象征，素有天下第一关之美称，当年，清代皇帝就是从此入关，在园中设此关足以表示园主不忘记清祖从山海关入主中原的丰功伟绩。榆关之前是西路的中心大方池，方池东南角出细流折东与福河相连，大方池之中有一个方形小岛，岛上是观鱼台，以此来喻庄子濠上观鱼之乐的典故;池西是西山;池前有五间堂屋。东出抄手廊与中路滴翠岩的曲廊相接。

全园以福字贯穿，表明主题明显。山势围合有新意，榆关雄峙也有新意，但东部建筑较多，中部曲廊的围合也不够有机，特别是理水较差。从堆石、建筑、植物、格局上看仍有北方园林特点。

恭王府位于什刹海北岸的恭王府是世界最大的四合院，也是今日北京城里，60余座清代王府中保存最完整的一个。分为平行的东、中、西三路。中路的3座建筑是府邸的主体，一是大殿，二是后殿，三是延楼。延楼东西长160米，有40余间房屋。东路和西路各有3个院落，和中路遥相呼应。王府的最后部分是花园，20多个景区各不相同。

恭王府是清道光帝第六子恭忠亲王府第。前身为乾隆时大学士和砷的邸宅。嘉庆四年(1799年)和砷获罪，邸宅入官，嘉庆帝将其一部分赐给其弟庆僖亲王永磷，是为庆王府。以后咸丰市将庆王府收回，转赐其弟奕沂，是为恭王府。咸丰、同治年间曾整修，并在府后添建花园。

古代桑干河在过了怀来之后，从东北向折转东南，这一段弯流，水势湍急，河道游移不定，经常泛滥成灾，因此又叫“无定河”。面对如此恶劣的自然环境，先人在桥梁构工前确实费了不少心思，他们把桥梁的形状设计得跟一条船一样，船头朝着逆水的西向，一旦狂流来袭，可以利用“船头”的分水尖导引水的流向，这样可以减少直接到桥墩的冲击力。即使如此，他们还不放心，因为除了洪水外，春天还要预防从上游冲下来的浮冰的攻击，所以又在分水尖的尖端镶上三角铁柱，以锐角迎击浮冰。铁柱锐利无比，确实发挥了护桥的作用，因此，民间又称它为“斩龙剑”。但问题来了，由于分水尖伸出桥面达五米之多，桥的拱券只能压住桥墩的东半部，这样可能会因为压力失衡而造成桥梁倾斜的危险。为了解决这个问题，他们在分水尖的凤凰台上加了六层压面石，至于压面石为什么会是六层，是否经过科学的估算，我们不得而知，但这已经不重要了，因为根据最近勘察的结果，卢沟桥桥墩下陷最严重的东二号还不足十二公分，这个数据足可证明他们当初所做的全都对了。

提起卢沟桥，大家津津乐道的是桥上的石狮子。卢沟桥石狮的特色有二，一为“不一样”，一为“数不清”。照理说桥上一共281根望柱，每根望柱上一只狮子，不是挺好数的吗?事实上并不然，因为大狮子的身上还躲着、趴着、背着各式各样的小狮子，因此增加了把它数清的难度。十年前，有人将大小狮子挨个编号数了一遍，共得485只，最近又有人不服气，再数了一遍，这一数竟然数出498只来，看样子把卢沟桥的狮子数清还真不容易。

有人对卢沟桥每一只石狮子的长相不一样感到新奇，其实，这些狮子要长得一样才怪呢，因为它们不是一个模子翻出来的，而是一只只刻出来的，所以狮子的表情丰富，姿态百出便成为自然的事了。

"季节轮回，难耐我们回归自然之心。”不知您在这里听了这句话是否感到亲切。愿大家此时把工作的疲劳和生活的烦恼抛到九霄云外，同我一起沐浴大自然的慷慨与激情。今天由我为大家做沿途解说，首先我代表幽谷神潭的全体员工欢迎各位的到来，如果大家在游玩过程中有什么不解的问题，请向我提出，我会尽全力给您一个满意的答复。

首先展现在我们面前的是一个巨大的游泳池，池中水是流动的春天然矿泉水，此水全部是由山顶流下来的，山上长满了许多珍贵的野生药材，比如柴胡、山姜、百合、白芍……因此水中溶入了许多药材的汁液，所以在此游泳清凉自在、身上爽滑，且有祛病健身等功效。

各位朋友，不知当您进入峡谷，是否感觉清爽之气扑面而来，当您漫步在石筑的小路上，举头仰望两岸高岩壁立，郁郁苍苍，山石由近而远，加上谷中纵横的溪流，淙淙作响，是否让您的精神为之大振呢?

现在引入您眼帘的是一块巨大的石头架在两石之上形成一个拱门，上书“通天门”，巧妙地把人文精神融化在大自然地鬼斧神工之中。顺着我地手往上看，巨大的岩壁酷似一张山神的脸，长长的鼻梁、紧闭着的嘴、双眼一开一闭着，张开的眼关切着进入幽谷神潭的人们，守护着您的安全，闭着的眼告诉人们它并不在意您扰了山神的清净。

这条峡谷共有2.5公里的路程，涧中处处有水，而且山有多高水便有多高，有水就有鱼，让您感到大自然那充满灵动的神韵。

为了您在登山过程中，不感到疲劳和空虚，除了能感受大自然的神韵外，也能欣赏到人为艺术，所以我们请了各地有名的石匠在此雕刻了一些书法篆刻和古代岩画。这一组“渐入佳境”不正是在督促您向上走，里面的景色会更美。

在您的周围，有各式各样的石头，形象万千，独具特色，比如趴在消息里的那只小龟，正做正向上攀登的动作，传说它从谷里被冲下来，至今已有数万年之久了，悠闲自在的趴在那里，究竟是什么原因导致它被冲到这里能?请您随我一起祛寻找答案。

人有“三分长相，七分打扮”一言，那么景也就有“三分象，七分想”一说，大家请回头随我手指的方向看“卧虎岭”好似真的一只头向西的大老虎在那趴着，传说是玉皇大帝派遣在这里的“守山之王”。

这里有一块巨大的“探头石”，形成了一个天然的屋檐，由于夏天雨水过多，所以将这个圆柱立在了下面，让游客在此歇脚时有一定的安全感。

朋友们，想尝试一下“高空飞人”的感觉吗?我们景区一九九八年八月份开发了这项人工娱乐设施——“高空速滑”，其娱乐性、刺激性强，但有惊无险，如果朋友们有兴趣的话可以亲身体验一下。

在大家眼前的是一个深约3米，宽约2米的深沟，沟里长着一些绿色的苔藓，不时从石缝里流出一股清泉。传说这里曾经是鲶鱼精的洞穴，它经常危害方圆百姓，兴风作浪，引起玉皇大帝的愤怒，于是下令雷公捕杀它，为百姓除害，鲶鱼精受了伤躲进洞穴，至今血还残留在洞穴里，那股清泉冲刷到现在，也不能冲去它的罪恶。

面前者谭不及其清澈见底，忠心希望人余人直间底情谊就象这“情深似水”潭，至于这个名字的由来请大家随我往前走，顺着我手指的方向看，听我讲一个感人而又悲伤的故事，这只大龟在努力向上爬的同时头却朝向谷口，而在它的保护下，她的孩子横卧着，将头藏在妈妈的脖子下，原本山下谷口那只小龟也应在妈妈身旁，只因在雷公捕杀鲶鱼精的时候，当晚雷鸣电闪、风雨交加，吓坏了母龟和它的两个孩子，为了躲避这场灾难，母龟便托住小龟，往山顶跑，突然，在它身边的一只小龟不留神踩到一块散的石头，便掉了下来，又随着汹涌的河水被冲到了谷底。大龟的头就这样一直冲谷口望去，望她那失散多年的孩子，眼泪掉了一遍又一遍，积成了一个潭，人们为之感动，起名为“情深似水”潭，潭里的眼泪流向谷底，冲到小龟的身体，也寄托了母亲的思念，真可谓“儿行千里母担忧，母行千里儿不愁”。

在往前走又一块大石头挡住了我们的视线，“换了人间”四个大字刻在其上，绕过此石到清凉谷，请大家暂时溶入这自然之中，尽情享受人家最美的境界。走到这儿我们暂停脚步，这里树木茂盛且凉爽，由此梯而上，是一巨大平台，周围树荫遮掩、清风吹拂，坐在上面，望着满谷的秀美，心都醉了。

现在展现在大家眼前的就是幽谷神潭的奇景之一的“飞瀑”。高百尺，上下两叠，上叠侧峰壁立之间，奔腾的山泉如蛟龙出谷，协风带雾，杂在下叠的花岗岩上，浪花飞溅，满谷轰鸣，而后由慢撒在鳞片状的崖壁上，形成一副书迷宽的水帘，飘飘洒洒一泻数丈，形成飞瀑奇观，其中最深处在3.4米，虽然没有李白那“飞流只下三千里，疑是银河落九天”之壮观，但其秀美也乐在其中了。

俗话说“不到长城非好汉”，那么在这里我要对大家说的是“不到神潭更遗憾”。走过这一关便是“神潭”，登天梯乐趣无穷，有惊无险，当您站在天梯顶转头向谷底了望，两侧的山峰耸立，中间那条小路就像一条卧龙向上蠕动，冲着谷口大声喊，会让您的心情更加舒畅。

现在大家看到的便是著名的“神潭”。潭方百尺，最深处达8米多，上接飞瀑，下引清流，远观上下两条瀑布如双龙含珠，更为神奇的是自上而下为一整块灰白色的天然花岗岩冲击而成的，但何以能冲成这么深的一个潭，也是令人不解的。在潭水静时，虽然有8米深，确清澈见底，潭底一闪一闪的是硬币，每一枚都代表了游客的一个心愿，潭中小鱼悠哉游哉，潭口阔而潭底小，象脸盆状，水质很高，属纯天然矿泉水。

传说这里有只神龟，是专管人间阴晴雨雪之事，所以当地百姓敬潭如神，有祈雨的仪式流传至今。在大旱时方圆几十里百姓到神潭旁的“祈雨神庙”中祈雨，人员为男性，光着上身，扛两只羊，提着一个铜酒壶，祭祀完毕，从神潭汲半壶水，这水不能动，待下雨后再把水倒回潭中，据说及其灵验，常常在归途中便有大雨。

现在大家已经来到了北京的远郊昌平区，我们即将进入的就是十三陵景区。利用这段时间，我来给大家讲解一下十三陵的历史背景和说明。

十三陵是世界上保存最完整，埋葬皇帝最多的墓葬群。位于北京北郊昌平区天寿山脚下。距京城约50公里。陵区面积约40平方公里。整个陵区四面群山环抱，山前流水潺潺，明堂广大、四周围以高墙，因山设险。因为这里埋葬有明朝的十三位皇帝，所以称明十三陵。十三位皇帝的陵墓以长陵为中心，错落有致的分部在群山绿树之间。

也许各位要问了，北京有那么多的名山胜水，为什么偏偏要选在这里建陵呢?明永乐五年朱棣的皇后徐氏去世。朱棣命礼部、工部及术士风水先生等人，在北京郊区寻找"吉壤"。先后曾指定潭柘寺、燕家台、屠家营等处，朱棣均不满意。后来江西术士廖均卿说，昌平北有吉壤，可做万年寿域，名黄土山，山前有龙、虎二山，形成一个小平原。朱棣视察后很满意，决定在此建造皇陵，并改黄土山为天寿山。

现在大家看到的这一座石牌坊，就是进入陵区的标志，牌坊为5门6柱11楼建筑形式，建于嘉靖年间。是国内现存最大、最精美的石牌坊，上边的图案装饰也都是云龙图案，反映了皇家建筑的特点。穿过石牌坊即大宫门，为陵墓区的正门。门前竖着“官员等人至此下马”碑。宫门后是碑楼，碑楼周围有四座精美的华表。碑楼中的“大明长陵神功圣德碑”。在碑的四面分别有：朱棣之子仁宗朱高 撰写的为其父歌功颂德的碑文，有清朝维修十三陵的经过，有记述明朝灭亡的教训，还有乾隆皇帝撰写的《哀明陵十三韵》。

从碑楼到火焰牌坊是长达780米的神道。神道两旁立有石像生，共24个石兽，12个石人，共计18对，36个。其中，狮子、獬豸、大象、麒麟、马各四只，分别是两立两卧。有武臣、文臣和勋臣各有四位。神路最北端是棂星门，因为三根柱子上各有一个火焰宝珠，所以这里也被叫做火焰牌坊。通过神路可以到达各个陵区。下面我们先去看看长陵。长陵是十三陵的首陵，位于天寿山主峰之下，埋葬着明成祖朱棣及皇后徐氏。在墓葬制度中被称为“一帝一后制”。整座陵区建有周长80华里的围墙。围墙中还设有东山口、老军堂等十六个关口。长陵祾恩殿是仿紫禁城的太和殿而建，于明永乐十四年建成，是供奉帝后牌位和举行祭祀活动的地方。九五开间，重檐庑殿顶，殿内有32根金丝楠木大柱。是明代帝王陵中唯一保存完好的祾恩殿。

由于长陵的地宫没有发掘，所以我们在长陵的游览就先告一段落。不过大家不用着急，接下来我们将要去的定陵，在那里大家就可以参观到古代皇帝的地下宫殿了。

定陵是明朝万历皇帝和孝端、孝靖两位皇后的合葬墓。位于大峪山脚下，占地面积15万多平方米。 万历皇帝朱翊钧是明朝在位最久的皇帝，但是他贪婪、懒惰成性，在位的48年当中，竟然有28年不理朝政，导致国家处于瘫痪状态。但是他虽然昏君懒惰，却耗银800万两，历时6年修建了他的陵寝。因此后人评论，其实明朝灭亡的命运，在万历皇帝时就已经成为定局。由于定陵的地面建筑屡遭战火和人为损坏，所以残存不多。并且和长陵的规制完全相同，所以咱们就直接去地宫。

地宫距地面27米，总面积达到了1195平方米，整个建筑都是砖石结构，分为前、中、后、左、右五个殿堂。共7座券门。后殿的门用汉白玉建造，有门丁九九八十一颗。象征阳数之极。

大家好，我是来自福州的“林导”，请多指教。欢迎大家乘坐“快乐时光列车”，首先，我们从北京出发吧!

好!现在我们到了“历史文化”站。告诉你们哦：恭王府最早建于乾隆四十一年，也就是公元1776年，已有230多年的历史了，是为大贪官-和申所建的宅院，后来被嘉庆帝立下二十四条罪状，于是宅院就被没收了。因为最后一位主人是恭亲王奕忻，所以叫恭亲王府，请大家记住，这王府的两位主人是大贪官和申与恭亲王奕忻。

各位游客们，现在我们到了“福池”站。大家知道为什么这儿叫“福池”吗?没错!因为这个池塘形状似蝙蝠，和申想让自己幸福，于是取了谐音“蝠”，他还在王府内建了九千九百九十九只形状像蝙蝠的建筑。

我们走过“福池”，便来到了美如画的“西洋门”站。这扇门做工精细、颜色鲜艳、无与伦比。但是这扇美丽的门也是和申的二十四条罪状之一，因为它是仿照皇家园林-万寿园的西洋门造的。

进了西洋门，穿过朱栏长廊，便是和申的书斋，大家就看到一座十分大气的建筑，那就是我们的下一站“历史传说”站。因为要登上这威风的正殿，所以就有一条很特别的路，而这条路只有一节阶梯，接着就是一条笔直、平缓的坡路。据说和申这一生，只有年少时吃过苦，然后就一路平步青云，登上了顶峰。所以我们大家也可以跨过最底下的一节阶梯，把所有烦恼都扔到阶梯下面，然后带着愉快的心情一路平步青云吧!

不知不觉游玩了整个恭王府，请大家记住：这座饱经历史风霜的建筑物耸立在中国!另外，我们的“列车”也已经到了终点站，希望大家能一路平安、旅途愉快!

2019年5篇北京什刹海的导游词

什刹海，是北京市历史文化旅游风景区、北京市历史文化保护区。位于市中心城区西城区，毗邻北京城中轴线。水域面积33.6万平方米，与中南海水域一脉相连，是北京内城唯一一处具有开阔水面的开放型景区，也是北京城内面积最大、风貌保存最完整的一片历史街区，在北京城规划建设史上占有独特的地位。在20xx年批准的北京25片历史文化保护区中，什刹海地区面积是最大的。下面是小编收集整理的20xx年5篇北京什刹海的导游词范文，欢迎借鉴参考。

20xx年5篇北京什刹海的导游词(一)

各位旅客朋友们：大家好!

俗话说“先有什刹海，后有北京城”，又被称为“后海”的北京什刹海历来是老北京人休闲娱乐的好去处。因其环境优美，且民俗风韵十足，两百余年来吸引了众多的官宦、名家甚至方外之人来此或修府第，或建庙宇，更为什刹海增添了深厚的文化底蕴。

现而今，北京的都市味越来越浓了，能看到老北京旧时民风的地方也越来越少了，可就在这什刹海，依然能够听到秋日里清脆的虫鸣，依然能能看见老北京四合院建筑群的缩影，依然能够咀嚼京味文化旅游节就要在这里开幕了。“游什刹海，看老北京”，品茗、荡舟、游王府、逛胡同，更有那纯正的京腔京韵，使什刹海大放异彩。

宋庆龄故居

醇亲王府醇亲王府位于后海北岸，府邸分为正院、住院、花园及马圈四部分。另外在府后建有醇贤亲祠堂一所，占地共约八十余亩。特别是府内的西花园有着相当悠久的历史。国家名誉主席宋庆龄先生故居就建在醇亲王府的西花园，她在这里工作、生活了20xx年，给这座古色古香的园林留下了许多痕迹，增添了不少亮色。

康熙年间，明珠的府邸花园正是坐落于此。园中假山、竹林、小桥错落有致，南楼前临水有“明开夜合”树七株，其中两株二百余年前的古木，据说是明珠长子纳兰性德亲手所植。年轻的纳兰性德常常邀集北京的文人名士相聚于此吟诗填词，今日立身树下，思古之情油然而生，眼前仿佛人影依稀，耳畔边似回响着当年的唱吟之声，“阶前双叶合，枝叶敷华荣”。后来明珠获罪，这府花园又被和坤所占，嘉庆即位后，花园和附近的府邸一起被赐予成亲王，并特许成亲王引后海水入园。现在我们看到的“恩波亭”就是成亲王时修建的，平安石上“岁岁平安”四字便出自成亲王之手。光绪年间，这座府邸又赐给了“光绪”的生父醇亲王，其在成亲王府的基础上添改修缮，建成醇亲王府。

今天，醇亲王府已经成为什刹海边的一道风景线，众多的游人慕名前来，只为心中那一份对历史的眷恋和对古迹的景仰。

梅兰芳故居

梅兰芳先生一生中的最后20xx年是在什刹海西北隅护国寺街9号度过的，这是一座典型的北京四合院，占地716平方米。如今已成为人们缅怀大师的观光景地。

这是一座两进的北京小四合院。共有房屋37间。现有馆藏文件3万余件。正院保存故居原貌，会客厅、书房、卧室和起居室内的各项陈设均按梅兰芳生前生活原状陈列。

郭沫若纪念馆

千竿胡同往北大约30来米，前海西街18号，这里便是一代文化名人郭沫若晚年居住过的地方。1963年秋天，郭沫若迁居此处，在什刹海西畔这座古朴的北京四合院里走完了人生最后14个年头。

走进纪念馆，草地上，郭沫若的铜像安坐在藤萝架前，双手轻轻放在膝头、目光平静而坦然。驻足绿荫下，闹市里久违的鸟鸣声，不绝于耳。

院内最为显眼的当数郭沫若夫妇亲手种植的银杏和牡丹，那些曾经与主人朝夕相处的一草一木，浸润在主人真诚与博大的情感世界中。人垂花门进四合院，东西两厢已辟为陈列室，以图片和实物展示着诗人、学者兼战士不平凡的一生。正房的客厅、办公室、卧室依旧是主人在世时的陈列。暖郎环绕小小的月季园，通向最北面的房间，正中的一间是郭沫若夫妇研磨书法的地方。伟人已去，故园依旧。一卷卷书稿，一幅幅书法佳作，保留着他的神韵。

广化寺

衣冠杂沓，车马骈阗的什刹海，历来是扎根皇城的佛教僧侣弘法结缘的首选之地。皆因梵刹林立，故名什刹海。什刹之一，饱经720xx年沧桑的佛门古刹广化寺，坐落在鼓楼后西侧后海北岸的鸦儿胡同31号。广化寺坐北朝南，东临银锭桥，西傍宋庆龄故居，占地1.38万平方米，拥有殿宇329间，分中、东、西三大院落。整座寺院建筑严谨，僧房毗连，形成院中有院的建筑特色。寺内古柏苍翠，花草溢香，曲径通幽。

广化寺始建于元代，后经明清三次修建，清宣统元年(1909)曾在此筹建京师图书馆，鲁迅先生曾在此任职。1920xx年8月对外开放。1982年北京佛教协会成立并将会址设在此寺。1986年，北京佛教协会在广化寺西路祖堂内肇建了北京佛教音乐团，弘扬中国传统音乐文化，演奏“京音乐”即佛教音乐，并培养后继者。如今，广化寺不仅是信徒们礼佛的地方，佛教音乐、礼佛仪式等也已作为一种文化，成为什刹海民俗文化景区的重要组成部分。

古刹品禅宗敬祠忆先贤

汇通祠

汇通祠也就是现在的郭守敬纪念馆，位于北京市西城区什刹海西海(积水谭)北沿的汇通河畔。元朝时期，这里水面辽阔，风景秀丽，独特的地理位置使它成为元大都城内、京杭大运河最北码头，漕运船只可直达这里。汇通祠坐朝南，有山门一间，歇山调脊灰筒瓦顶，石券门，棋盘木门两扇，前殿及东西配殿各三间，均为硬山调大脊灰筒瓦顶。后院有二层后罩楼，祠后原有一暗红色的巨石一块，通体花纹如云，叩之如铜。巨石纹路中隐约似有一鸡一狮，人们俗称：“鸡狮石”。

1988年9月27日汇通祠竣工。占地1100平方米的汇通祠按原建筑形式恢复修建。内有石狮、石亭、剑碑，假山叠石，错落有致，曲径路道，别具匠心，石壁洞岫，宛自天开。一座小岛重现人间，清水绕岛而过，随着湖水的流逝，仿佛又回到了久远而灿烂辉煌的历史。

20xx年5篇北京什刹海的导游词(二)

各位旅客朋友们：

大家好!

魏嘉平二年(250年)征北将军刘靖驻守蓟城时，命军士千人在桑乾河上修戾陵堰，开车箱渠、导高梁河水灌溉。高梁河水系下游即今什刹海一带。

13世纪，蒙古灭金在的宫殿毁于大火，元世祖忽必烈决定另建一座新的都城。什刹海是元大都规划设计的最基本的依据之一。[2]全城自北向南的中轴线是紧傍积水潭而选定的;大都城四面的城墙位置是依积水潭东南岸的距离而建的。元朝曾依托这一片水域在东岸确定了都城建设的中轴线，什刹海始成为元、明、清三代城市规划和水系的核心。[3]元代名海子，为一宽而长的水面，明初缩小，后逐渐形成西海、后海、前海，三海水道相通。

明中叶什刹海水面稻田增加而湖面锐减，在德胜桥东南，开挖一条直通下游水面的渠道岔河)，与后海隔开，积水潭水由岔河直流到前海，南经西压闸入皇城，同时向西北，过银锭桥倒流入后海，形成“银锭观山水倒流”的景观。

顺治元年(1644年)清朝定都北京，内城由各旗分别管辖，今什刹海地区属正黄旗。康熙二十七年(1688年)疏浚什刹海。

1949年新中国成立后，北京市政府对什刹海进行了清淤工作，又在岸边上建立了水泥栏杆。

1992年北京市政府将其定为历史文化风景区。

20xx年5篇北京什刹海的导游词(三)

什刹海景区是指前海、后海和西海及其周边地区146.7公顷的范围，以什刹海命名，其四至范围大体是什刹海景区位于北京城区中轴线的西北部，东起地安门外大街北侧;南自地安门西大街向西至龙头井向西北接柳荫街、羊房胡同、新街口东街到新街口北大街，西自新街口北大街向北到新街口豁口;北自新街口豁口向东到德胜门，由德胜门沿鼓楼西大街到钟、鼓楼。景区中三海水面达33.6公顷(约占总面积的23%)。

什刹海景区历史文化积淀深厚，有文物保护单位40余处，占西城区的三分之一以上。历文上本地区曾建有王府、寺观、庵庙等多达30余座，现仍尚存10几处。什刹海景区的不少古建筑在北京城市建设发展史上及政治文化史上占有重要地位，主要代表有恭王府及花园、宋庆龄故居及醇王府、 郭沫若纪念馆、钟鼓楼、德胜门箭楼、广化寺、汇通祠、会贤堂。

什刹海34公顷的水面十分自然地融入城市街区之中，依托水体，还有湖岸的垂柳、水中的荷花等也成为什刹海频具特色自然景观。号称“燕京小八景”之一的“银锭观山”在景区中具有典型意义。

什刹海地区的街巷结构最早形成于元代，区内不少建筑年代久远，具有北京传统建筑的典型特征。北京城市总体规划己将该地区列为重点保护的二十五个历史街区之一。此外，在本地区居住着的民民少则居住了十几年、几十年，多则数代居住于此，形成了老北京淳朴热情的邻里生活环境。

什刹海景区具有大量典型的胡同和四合院，如金丝套地区的大、小金丝胡同，南、北官房胡同和后海北沿的鸦儿胡同以及白米斜街、烟袋斜街等。依托胡同和四合院，什刹海地区自古以来就有许多富有特色的民裕活动，如放荷灯、泛舟游湖、宴饮赏荷、冰床围酌、大阅冰鞋等。至今，一些有生命力的民俗活动仍然在什刹海地区大量存在。如钓鱼、游泳、划船、赛艇、下棋、弹唱、消夏舞会等。 “胡同游”即活跃在这片得天独厚的自然人文环境中。

“什刹海水上游”采用长7米、宽1.7米，依清明上河图中船形打造的古色古意的橹船作交通工具，从水路穿过银锭桥去宋庆龄故居、广化寺和恭王府花园。日落西山船行什刹海，游人点起纸河灯放入水中，灯浮水面沿船尾浮动，忽明忽暗灿烂一片，这一景象使人恍如回到唐宋年间的西湖月夜。

20xx年5篇北京什刹海的导游词(四)

大家好!欢迎来北京旅游!我是您们的导游，大家可以叫我李导。今天，我们来到了什刹海，这里除了可以观赏美景外，主要是让大家见识一下这里的胡同。

胡同，其实就是我们南方说的巷子，也就是北京特有的一种古老小巷。据说，北京原有胡同六千多条，现在叫胡同的还有一千多条，其中什刹海的胡同有15条，虽然只是很小的一部分，但来北京看胡同不来这里就可惜了。

为什么呢?因为这里的胡同，曾经住过很多皇家的亲威、达官贵人，就连新中国的一些领导人都住在这里，如邓小平，宋庆龄......

大家逛胡同时，要注意观察胡同里那些大宅院的结构，单单是大宅院的门就非常有意思，我可以介绍一些：

很多大宅院门口两旁有门墩，门墩主要有两种，一种是方形的，一种是圆形的，方形代表主人是读书人出身，是文官;圆形像鼓，代表主人是武将出身，是武官。

那些大宅院的门槛也是有差异的，有的半尺高，有的一尺高。在古代，门槛体现主人的尊严和身份，门槛越高地位就越高。

还有一个很有意思的，就是有些王府上，门边有一条又窄又长的板凳，据说如果主人不愿意见客人，就叫仆人让他们在那边坐一会，板凳太窄不好坐，不管等多久，主人都不会接见。我们俗语说的“坐冷板凳”就是这样来的。

还有很多，我就不一一说了，你们呆会儿慢慢体会。我们有一个下午的时间，你们可以租辆三轮车逛逛胡同，有时间还可以去宋庆龄故居看看，或者到恭王府细细游赏一番，记住：下午五点半要在这里集合。好了，祝您们玩得愉快!

20xx年5篇北京什刹海的导游词(五)

什刹海也写作“十刹海”，又名前海，四周原有十座佛寺，故有此称。元代名海子，为一宽而长的水面，明初缩小，后逐渐形成西海、后海、前海，三海水道相通。自清代起就成为游乐消夏之所，为燕京胜景之一，被誉为“北方的水乡”。

著名的《帝京景物略》中则以“西湖春，秦淮夏，洞庭秋”来赞美什刹海的神韵。 景区东起地安门外大街，西到新街口北大街，北起北二环，南至平安大街，总面积146.7公顷，是京城内老北京风貌保存最完好的地方，有大量典型的胡同和四合院，这一带也是原老北京主要的商业活动区。 历史上本地区曾建有王府、寺观、庵庙等多达30余座，现仍尚存十几处。主要代表有恭王府及花园、宋庆龄故居及醇王府、 郭沫若纪念馆、钟鼓楼、德胜门箭楼、会贤堂等。

依托胡同和四合院，什刹海地区自古以来就有许多富有特色的民裕活动，如放荷灯、泛舟游湖、宴饮赏荷、冰床围酌、大阅冰鞋等。至今，一些有生命力的民俗活动仍然在什刹海地区大量存在。“胡同游”即活跃在这片得天独厚的自然人文环境中。而后海的酒吧一条街，更是为什刹海地区增添了现代的韵味。

古典与现代相容，传统与前卫契合，自然景观与人文胜迹辉映。闲暇之余，或品酒泛舟，览湖光粼粼，或徜徉两岸，听杨柳婆娑，或搜寻美食，尝御膳家宴，或投宿胡同人家品着原汁的京味儿。

Hello, everyone. Have you ever been to Beijing?

Whats the weather like in Beijing?

Beijings cold weather is not to see the sun outside, what to see? Look atthe wind! As long as the wind blows, the weather will be relatively cold. Whatsthe wind blowing in winter? Whats the wind blowing in summer? The primaryschool teacher said that southeast wind blows in summer and northwest wind blowsin winter. Please remember. A student stood up and said: No, my mother said thatshe married my father and drank all year round

You choose to come to Beijing at the end of October. Generally speaking,the time is very good. Its neither cold nor hot. Its an ideal tourist seasonin Beijing. As the saying goes: in good travel time, meeting a good guide is akind of happiness; in good travel time, meeting a poor guide is a kind ofsadness. Its a sigh to meet a good tour guide in a bad travel time; its a kindof helplessness to meet a poor tour guide in a bad travel time. I hope we have agood time to travel, and I hope I am a good guide.

Id like to introduce myself. My family name is Li and my name is Tianyun.After you met me, I wish you good luck every day. Li is Muzi Li. You can call medirector Li, but dont call me director Li. You can also call me Xiao Li, butdont add Zi. Xiao Li is Li Lianying, the eunuch next to Empress Dowager Cixi.Eunuch is an incomplete man. Besides being thin, the function of other parts ofhis body is quite normal. I was born on December 26. Whats the specialsignificance of this day? My mothers birthday is also on this day, and myemperor Taizus birthday is also on December 26. My emperor Taizu is ChairmanMao Zedong. I want to have the same birthday as a great man. I cant be worse inmy life. But after living for more than 20 years, I found that Im not tall, notshort, not fat, not thin, not old, not tender, and so on So far, no miracle hashappened to me, but it doesnt matter. As the saying goes, height is not thedistance, weight is not the pressure, age is not the problem, so I still have toconfidently take everyones activities in Beijing these days.

In addition to taking you on a tour, we also have a master in charge of ourtransportation. Our master has more than ten years of driving experience. Heusually receives deputies to the National Peoples Congress, and receives VIPguests and athletes during the Olympic Games. There has been no accident formore than ten years. He is very professional and safe. During our time inBeijing, we have master _ _ driving for us. We have to work hard for him in thenext few days. Lets give him some applause first!

Although the roads in Beijing are very broad now, Beijing, as the capital,has many people and cars, and the traffic condition is not very good most of thetime. During our travel time, there may be traffic jams or people waiting forthe bus. I hope you can understand.

People live on food. When they come to Beijing, the first thing they shouldpay attention to is eating. When they come out, they wont be as comfortable asthey are at home. Especially when they join a tour group, they should beprepared: the tour group meal in Beijing is very bad. What is despair? Despairis two dishes served in a restaurant, Eat the first one: "is there anythingworse in the world?" eat the second one "Kao! Its really there!" although thegroup meal is bad, its still quite hygienic. You can rest assured to eat it.The principle is to have enough food, eight dishes and one soup, and all therice. When you see that the food is not enough, drink the soup quickly. If wedont have enough to eat, we can see the mountains far away and have a pot ofsteamed bread. If you come back to China for tourism in the future, if thenumber of people is small, you should try not to arrange group meals by travelagencies. Youd better have what you want (for Hong Kong and overseasChinese).

Next is the accommodation. Beijing is the capital, the political andcultural center. People come and go very frequently, so hotels of the same levelin Beijing are not as good as those in other places. Then it gives a briefintroduction of the hotel (such as stars, how far to the airport, how far to therailway station, how far to Tiananmen Square). In the evening, when we go backto the hotel, we should pay attention to rest. When we go shopping, we are notfamiliar with the place, so we should not go too far. The three things you mustdo when you come to Beijing are climbing the Great Wall, eating roast duck andwatching acrobatics. I think we have arranged to climb the great wall and eatroast duck in our itinerary, but we havent arranged to watch acrobatics. Imvery sorry. About in the Neolithic age, Chinese acrobatics had sprouted. Soacrobatics has a history of more than 20__ years in China. Diving, rings andother sports in our Olympic Games are all evolved from acrobatics. Trampoline,which was officially an Olympic event in 20__, is also evolved from acrobatics.Chinas trampoline won two Olympic gold medals in 20__ Beijing Olympic Games.Chinese people can be proud to announce to the world that we cant do football,we cant do track and field, we cant do swimming pool, but we cant do it inbed! Chaoyang theater is the only designated theater for external performance inBeijing. During the Olympic Games, all foreign leaders came to China to watchacrobatic performances. Modern acrobatics combined with sound, color, light andother advanced elements are more gorgeous and exciting than traditionalacrobatics. It really reflects the brilliance of one minute on stage and tenyears off stage. Almost all the performances have won awards in theinternational arena, so we are visiting Beijing During this period, acrobaticsis absolutely not to be missed if you have time in the evening. If you dont go,you will be sorry, but you will be shocked.

The most important thing to come to Beijing is to visit. Apart fromclimbing the Great Wall, eating roast duck and watching acrobatics, what elsecan we play? Generally speaking, we can enter Guangzhou to watch cars, fly toGuilin to watch mountains, go to Xian to watch tombs, visit Beijing to watchwalls, pass Tianjin to watch docks, visit Qinghai to watch the source, visitTibet to watch Buddhas head, visit Nanjing to watch stones, visit Shanghai towatch peoples heads drunk, visit Shanghai to watch peoples heads;Unforgettable Hangzhou girl. What you see in Beijing is the top of the wall,that is, the most important thing is the history and culture left over from theancient capital. If you join this tour group and meet guide Xiao Li, you are ina Beijing history and culture crash course, so you should listen to mecarefully. Cant get on the car to sleep, get off the car to pee, take photos ofscenic spots, go home and ask nothing. Especially when there are many touristsin Beijing, adults look at their heads and children look at their buttocks, sowe should play with me, hold the hand of the guide, and travel together inBeijing!

Beijing is the capital of Liao, Jin, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, thelast five feudal dynasties in Chinese history. Its design and planning embodiesthe highest achievement of ancient Chinese urban planning, and is known as "thegreatest individual project of human beings on the surface of the earth". Weshould not only look at the history, but also the modern development of Beijing.Now lets briefly introduce the situation of Beijing.

Beijing covers a total area of 16808 square kilometers and is divided into18 districts. Beijing is surrounded by Hebei Province. From the map, HebeiProvince surrounds the whole of Beijing, and it is not far from Beijing

Chengde Mountain Resort is the largest classical Royal Garden in China. In1984, it was rated as one of the top ten scenic spots in China. In 1994, it waslisted in the world heritage list. It is very worth seeing. If we can arrange itsometimes, we should go there for a day or two.

The terrain of Beijing is high in the northwest and low in the southeast,which is in line with the artistic conception of an ancient poem that a riverflows eastward. Beijing plain accounts for 1 / 3, mountain accounts for 2 / 3.There are more than 16 million permanent residents in Beijing, more than 4million people from other places, and more than 20 million people live in onethird of the plain. Therefore, the traffic pressure just mentioned is veryheavy.

To this end, Beijing has made great efforts to improve the trafficenvironment. The cost of bus is also very cheap. Basically, one yuan is enoughfor taking the bus, and 20% or 40% discount can be given for those with buscard. We work in the suburbs because its expensive to rent or buy a house inthe urban area. Although its cheap to take the bus, it takes a long time. Weneed to get up early in the morning to go to work. Sometimes it only takes 30minutes to do a business in the urban area, but it takes two hours to come bybus, and it takes two hours to go back, so one day is spent on the bus. Becauseof the long journey, we usually have to take the bus home from work, so thenightlife in Beijing is not very rich. Talk about the four idiots in Beijing:eat lobster, go shopping to Yansha, sing and love flowers, and go home afterwork. The poor go home after work, the drunkard go home at 9, the luster go homeat 11 and the gambler go home at 2-3.

The starting price of a taxi is 10 yuan for 3 km, and 2 yuan per km after 3km. In addition to improving the above ground transportation, we should focus onthe development of the subway. The cost of the subway is also very cheap. Itcosts 2 yuan to get through. As long as you dont go out of the subway door, youcan take a ride for a day, so as to stimulate the reduction of private cars,reduce road congestion, improve air quality and environmental protection. Butthe rich should buy a car or buy a car, and the poor should take what kind ofcar, so we should not climb, compare, and be angry with ourselves in our dailylife; eat less salt, be jealous, play less mahjong, and take more walks; sleepon time, get up on time, and do boxing and aerobics.

Good health is really good. According to official statistics, the averagelife span of Beijingers has reached 80 years old. Before the reform and openingup, it was 60 years old. Why? With the improvement of living standards, Chinesesociety is developing, and Beijing is developing. In the past, only the emperorcan eat, but now ordinary people can also eat the palace flavor. In the past,the emperor can wear silk, but now ordinary people can buy it, too The jadebrought by the emperor is good for our health. We can also buy it now. Themedicinal materials of Tongrentang, which has a history of more than 300 years,used to be used exclusively by the royal family, especially the Empress DowagerCixi, who used to take the Wuji Baifeng pill of Tongrentang all the year round.Now we can also buy it. We can also buy the Royal Cloisonne ornaments. In short,the royal family can eat, wear and play Good health, we can do now, in additionto the emperors harem three thousand, so many women we cant do. When we cometo Beijing for tourism, if we need to use these things or give them as gifts tofriends and relatives, they are very helpful. They can support the developmentof Beijings tourism industry and improve our taste in life. When it comes totaste, men are divided into six grades: first-class men have a home outsidetheir home, second-class men have flowers outside their home, third-class menfind a home in their flowers, fourth-class men go home from work, fifth classmen go home from work, and their wives are not at home, sixth class men go homefrom work, and there is a man beside their wives. Women can be divided into fourclasses. First class beauties travel abroad, second class beauties ShenzhenZhuhai, third class beauties Beijing Shanghai, and fourth class beauties wait athome.

So what do we usually call a beautiful woman in Beijing? The older one iscalled sister, the older one is called aunt, and the younger one is called girl.Generally speaking, men are called elder brother, and the elderly are calledelder brother. Children are called children. But pure Beijingers, that is, oldBeijing, call girls girls girls instead of girls. I dont call a beauty abeauty, but a honey. Call him or not, call him ya. I dont care if you call meinside. Call a woman a woman, not a woman. Call a man a man, not a man. Call afriend porcelain instead of a friend. A lover is not called a lover, but an ace.I dont call a little girl a little girl, but a girl.

This is Beijings address, Tianjins address is more special, for example:there are people calling sister, not sister, anyway, no matter how old you are,even if you are only a teenager, there may be 50 or 60 years old people callingyour sister, not sister. There are those who call big brother, but not brothersor brothers. Even an elderly grandmother will call a young man in her 20s bigbrother, but she wont call brothers. Some call uncle, but not uncle. That is tosay, no matter what is your fathers ranking at home, you should call his otherbrothers uncle, and your fathers younger brother is not uncle. In a word, itsbasically shouting. Thats what Tianjin is called. Tianjin is called the backgarden of Beijing. During holidays, Beijingers will drive there for holidays.Tianjin is more than 100 kilometers away from Beijing, and the whole journey isonly two hours to Tianjin. If we have time, we can play one more city by the waywith little fare.

The road we are taking now is the capital airport expressway, which wasbuilt in 92 and opened to traffic in 93. The capital airport expressway is 18 kmlong, with 34.5 m wide subgrade and 6 lanes in both directions. There are 3 mwide emergency parking belts on both sides of the road. It is fully closed andinterchange. The design speed is 120 km / h. The starting point is Sanyuanqiao.It takes 10 minutes from Sanyuanqiao to the Capital International Airport.Expressway pavement structure layer, the introduction of foreign asphaltmodification technology, in the ordinary asphalt mixed with plastic or rubber,change the high temperature and low temperature stability of asphalt, make itnot soften at 60 ℃ high temperature, not brittle at minus 30 ℃ low temperature,but also enhance the anti-wear ability, reduce noise, greatly extend the servicelife. The use of modified asphalt, which is the first in domestic highwayconstruction. The capital airport expressway costs 100 million yuan perkilometer, which is known as the first road to China. No matter how old anofficial or ordinary person you are, you have to enter Beijing from thisexpressway.

Usually when we talk about Beijing, where is it called Beijing? Accordingto the official regulations, the third ring road is called Beijing. Sanyuanqiao,the starting point of our airport expressway, connects the third ring road. Whatis "three yuan"? The imperial examination system is called "three yuan". Thefirst place of the provincial examination, the imperial examination and theimperial examination is Jieyuan, Huiyuan and the number one scholar. One afteranother, he won the first place in the provincial examination, the generalexamination and the palace examination, which is called Lianzhong Sanyuan.Taking the Qing Dynasty as an example, the whole process of imperial examinationin the old days started from the grass-roots level of government, prefecture andcounty, which was called childrens examination. Those who enter for theexamination are called Tong Sheng, and those who pass the examination are calledXiucai. The first one is called desk. The formal higher level nationalexamination is called the local examination, which is held in the provincialcapital. The examinees are scholars from all over the country. After passing theexamination, they are called Juren, and the first place is "Jieyuan"; the nexthigher level is the joint examination, which is held in the Ministry of rites.The examinees are Juren, and after passing the examination, they are calledGongsheng, and the first place is "Huiyuan"; The imperial examination was heldin the palace. The emperor personally presided over the examination. Thecandidates were Gongsheng, who were called Jinshi after winning the examination.The imperial examination system in ancient China has a history of more than onethousand years, in which 17 people were able to connect the three yuan.

Hello, Im director Lin from Fuzhou. Please give me more advice. Welcome tothe "happy time train". First of all, lets start from Beijing!

OK! Now were at the "history and culture" station. Let me tell yousomething: Prince Gongs house was first built in 1776, which is more than 230years old. It was built for Heshen, a corrupt official. Later, Emperor Jiaqingmade 24 charges, so the house was confiscated. Because the last owner is PrinceGong Yixin, it is called Prince Gongs mansion. Please remember that the twoowners of this mansion are the corrupt official Heshen and Prince GongYixin.

Ladies and gentlemen, now we are at the "Fuchi" station. Do you know whyits called "Fu Chi"? Thats right! Because the shape of the pond is like a bat,he Shen wanted to make himself happy, so he chose the homonym "bat". He alsobuilt 999 bat like buildings in the palace.

We walked past the "Fuchi" and came to the picturesque "western gate"station. The door is exquisitely made, brightly colored and unparalleled. Butthis beautiful door is also one of the 24 crimes of Heshen, because it ismodeled on the western gate of Wanshou garden, the royal garden.

After entering the western gate and passing through the Zhulan corridor,you can see the study of Heshen. You can see a very grand building, which is ournext stop - "historical legend". There is a special way to get to the majesticmain hall. There is only one ladder on this road, followed by a straight andgentle slope. It is said that in his life, Heshen suffered only when he wasyoung, and then he went all the way to the top. So we can also cross the bottomof the ladder, throw all the troubles under the ladder, and then go all the waywith a happy mood!

After visiting Prince Gongs mansion unconsciously, please remember: thishistoric building stands in China! In addition, our train has arrived at theterminal. I hope you can have a safe journey and have a pleasant journey!

大家好，我是你们的导游，我姓张，你们叫我张导就行了。我们要去的地方就是闻名天下的建筑—颐和园。

大家请随我来，此刻我们绕过大殿，我们站的地方就是赫赫有名的长廊。横槛上有许许多多的画。画有鸟兽虫鱼、花草树木、景物，当然还有我们人类。你们相信吗一万多幅画，没有哪两幅是相同的。横槛上还画着许多故事。

走完长廊，我们就来到万寿山的脚下。抬头一看，一座八角宝塔形的三层建筑耸立在半山腰上。一排排金碧辉煌的宫殿，就是排云殿。

大家往前看，看那一片湖，那就是昆明湖。这篇湖静的相面镜子，绿的像块碧玉。大家就应能够听到游船上的那些游客的欢声笑语

在昆明湖的上面，就是万寿山。站在那里，我们能够看见颐和园的所有景色。

大家快快跟我来看看这美丽的石桥，这个石桥有十七个洞，中间的最大。这桥叫十七孔桥。而且上面都雕刻这栩栩如上，姿态不一，活灵活现的小狮子，这些小狮子，没有那两只的姿态是相同的。

颐和园到处都有美丽的景色。但是这天的旅游到此结束，期望大家能够下次再来，我随时愿意在当大家的导游。

亲爱的游客们，这天由我来当大家的导游，我感到十分荣幸。期望在这完美的一天给大家带来快乐。

游客们，此刻我们来到的是长廊，你看它多美呀!红漆的栏杆，绿漆的柱子一眼望不到头，这条长廊有700多米长，分成273间。每一间的横槛上都有五彩的画，画着人物、花草、风景，几千幅画没有哪两幅是相同的。说到这儿，你有点不信了吧，但是这的确是真的，这能表现出多少劳动人民的智慧才修建成这美丽的长廊。

走完长廊，如果大家想到昆明湖中心的小岛上玩，就务必透过一座石桥。这座石桥有十七个桥洞，叫十七孔桥;桥栏杆上有上百根石柱，柱子上都雕刻着小狮子，姿态不一，没有哪两只是相同的。

颐和园的旅程就到那里了，亲爱的游客们，再见。

各位游客：

你们好，欢迎你们来到北京旅游，我是你们的导游x。

1992年，在“北京旅游世界之最”的评定中，专家学者对十三陵的判定语为“世界上保存完整、埋葬皇帝最多的墓葬群”。20_年7月，明十三陵被联合国教科文组织列入《世界遗产名录》明清皇家陵寝的扩展项目。《世界遗产名录》对它的评价如下：“明清皇家陵寝依照风水理论，精心选址，将数量众多的建筑物巧妙的安置于地下。它是人类改变自然的产物，体现了传统的建筑装饰思想，阐释了封建中国持续了500余年的世界观和权力观。”

(明成祖朱棣)

十三陵的第一个陵是长陵，从永乐七年(公元1409)动工兴建，到永乐十一年(公元l413)玄宫告成。长陵位于天寿山丰峰南面，它是永乐帝朱棣和皇后徐氏的合葬墓。

明成祖朱棣是明太祖朱元璋的第四个儿子，生于元至正二十年(1360)，明洪武三年(130)封为燕王，洪武十三年(1380)就藩北平。建文元年(1399)朱棣发动“靖难之役”，建文四年(1420)继承皇位，第二年改元永乐。其较突出的历史功绩有：主持编撰《永乐大典》和派遣郑和下西洋。中国被收入《世界遗产名录》的文化古迹中，有4项是朱棣开创奠基的，他们是北京故宫，北京天坛，北京明十三陵，湖北武当山道教古建筑群。皇后徐氏，是开国功臣中山王徐达的长女。永乐五年(公元1420_年)七月四日病逝，永乐十一年(公元1420_年)，首先被葬入长陵，她是葬入十三陵的第一人。长陵是明十三陵中规模宏大，营建时间最长，保存的最好的一座陵。

(长陵布局：长陵祾恩殿)

长陵陵园平面布局为“前方后圆”形制。“前方”，是三进深院落：第一深进院落大门为陵门，单檐歇山顶宫门式建筑，门内明朝时东建有神厨，西建有神库，神厨前有碑亭一座，神厨，神库均毁于清朝中期，碑亭尚存;第二进深院落大门为祾恩门，单檐歇山顶。门内即祾恩殿，面阔九间进深五间，重檐庑殿顶。祾恩殿是供奉帝后神位和举行祭祀活动的场所。“祾”是“祭而受福”，“恩”是“罔极之恩”的意思。长陵祾恩殿是明代帝王陵中唯一保存完整的祾恩殿。殿内有60根金丝楠木柱，当中4根柱的直径在l米以上，是我国保存最好的楠木大殿，十分珍贵;第三进深院落大门为棂星门，门内有两柱牌楼门和石几筵。“后圆”即指永乐帝的陵墓，它由宝城，宝山，方城，明楼组成。宝城状如圆形城堡，宝城围起来的土山]宝山，宝山下为玄宫。宝城正前方建方城，方城之上为重檐歇山顶明楼。明楼是每座陵墓的标志，也是每座陵墓中轴线上的最高建筑。原碑刻着朱棣原来的庙号“太宗”，后来世宗嘉靖七年(公元1528)改太宗为成祖，但没能换石碑，只是用木雕镶在成祖的石碑上。明楼内立“圣号碑”碑首为“大明”，下刻“成祖文皇帝之陵”7个字。

长陵陵园还辖有东，西井。东井在德陵馒头山的南面，西井在定陵西北。“井”内葬有被赐死的殉葬宫妃。

明长陵位于北京市昌平区怀长路上，处在天寿山主峰南麓，是明朝第三位皇帝成祖文皇帝朱棣(年号永乐)和皇后徐氏的合葬陵寝。在十三陵中建筑规模最大，营建时间最早，地面建筑也保存得最为完好。它是十三陵中的祖陵，也是陵区内最主要的旅游景点之一。长陵于永乐七年(1420_年)开始修建，永乐十三年(1420_年)完工。现存建筑有宝城、明楼、石五供、两柱牌楼门、祾恩殿、祾恩门、碑亭以及三进院落的宫墙和因墙而设的陵门、角门等。地宫未发掘，同时没有被盗墓记录。长陵目前对公众开放。

明长陵位于北京市昌平县境内，距北京故宫五十公里。陵区南起石牌坊，北倚天寿山主峰。四面环山，绿树丛丛。南面又有龙虎两山左右对峙，势如门户。当中奔流不息的山水自西向东而去，好似天然的护陵河。南北贯通的高速路似一条巨龙连接着长陵至故宫。

明长陵为十三陵之首，永乐皇帝和皇后徐氏的合葬墓。是永乐皇帝建北京皇宫(故宫)的第三年(公元1420_年)自建的“寿宫”。陵园规模宏大，用料严格考究，施工精细，工程浩繁，营建时日旷久，仅地下宫殿就历时四年。

明长陵陵恩殿是嗣皇帝祭祀永乐帝后的场所，建筑在汉白玉雕刻成的三层台基上，金砖铺地。殿面阔九间(66.56米)，进深五间(29.12米)，象征着皇帝“_”之位。所有木件全用金丝楠木为之，古色古香。一米多直径，十几米高的六十根金丝楠木大柱，承托着二千三百平方米的重檐庑殿顶，雄伟壮观、举世无双。最粗的一根重檐金柱，高12.58米，底径达到1.124米，为世间罕见佳木。殿中端坐于九龙宝座之上的永乐皇帝铜像，形象逼真，做工精湛考究，此造像是巨上精美绝伦的艺术佳作。此外陈列着明陵地宫出土文物数百件，播放1956年发掘地宫的实况录像，帮助游人解开地宫之谜。

明长陵，建筑最早、面积最大、规模最宏伟、工艺用料最考究、原建筑保护最完整。历经六百年沧桑，仍完好无损，金碧辉煌。它早已被公布为全国第一秕重点文物保护单位。它不权以其宏大的古建筑和辉煌的艺术成就，丰富的历史文化内涵，吸引着每年数以百万计的中外游人和各界专家学者，而且永乐皇帝是世界上赫赫有名的一代有作为的皇帝，所以长陵又是世界最有名的旅游胜地之一。

景区

祾恩门

《太常续考》等文献记载，天寿山诸陵陵殿名为“祾恩殿”，殿门名之为“祾恩门”，始于嘉靖十七年(1538年)，是世宗朱厚熜亲易佳名。其中，“祾”字取“祭而受福”之意，“恩”字取“罔极之恩”意，长陵棱恩门，为单檐歇山顶形制，面阔五间(通阔31.44米)，进深二间(通深14.37米)，正脊顶部距地面高14.57米。檐下斗拱为单翘重昂七踩式，其平身科斗拱耍头的后尾作斜起的杆状，与宋清做法俱不相同。室内明间、次间各设板门一道，稍间封以墙体。其中明间板门之上安有华带式榜额，书“祾恩门”三金字。“稜”字系后世修葺时误写。门下承以旱白玉栏杆围绕的须弥座式台基。其栏杆形制，为龙凤雕饰的望柱，和宝瓶、三幅云式的栏板。台基四角及各栏杆望柱之下，各设有排水用的石雕螭首(龙头)。台基前后则各设有三出踏跺式台阶。其中路台阶间的御路石上雕刻的浅浮雕图案十分精美：下面是海水江牙云腾浪涌，海水中宝山矗立，两匹海马跃出水面凌波奔驰;上面是两条矫健的巨龙在云海中升降飞腾，追逐火珠，呈现出一派波澜壮阔的雄伟景象。

陵宫建筑

长陵的陵宫建筑，占地约12万平方米。其平面布局呈前方后圆形状。其前面的方形部分，由前后相连的三进院落组成。第一进院落，前设陵门一座。其制为单檐歇山顶的宫门式建筑，面阔显五间，檐下额枋、飞子、檐椽及单昂三踩式斗拱均系琉璃构件;其下辟有三个红券门。陵门之前建有月台，左右建有随墙式角门(已拆除并封塞)。院内，明朝时建有神厨(居左)、神库(居右)各五间，神厨之前建有碑亭一座。神厨、神库均毁于清代中期，碑亭则保存至今。

景山公园占地32.3公顷，原为元、明、清三代的皇家御苑。景山高耸峻拔，树木蓊郁，风光壮丽，为北京城内登高远眺，观览全城景致的最佳之处。在六百多年前的元代，该处是个小山丘，名"青山"。据传明代兴建紫禁城时，曾在此堆放煤炭，故有"煤山"俗称。明永乐年间，将开挖护城河的泥土堆积于此，砌成一座高大的土山，叫"万岁山"，又称大内的"镇山"。景山一名是清初改 称的。山上的五座亭子，为乾隆年间兴建。当时山上丛林蔽日，鹿鹤成群，生机盎然，极富自然野趣。山下遍植花草、果木，有"后果园"之 称。封建帝王常来此赏花，习箭、饮宴，登山观景，是一座优美的皇家花园。

绮望楼坐落于南门内，依山而筑，楼阁三楹，建造华美。此处原是清代乾隆年间办官学时，供奉孔子牌位的地方。在该楼东南侧，清代时曾建有八旗子弟学校，今已无存。

山脊五亭 景山由五座山峰组成，高43米，为旧时北京城内的制高点，东、西、北三面砌有爬山磴道。山顶五亭建于清乾隆十五年(1750)，造型优美，秀丽壮观。居于中峰的叫万春亭，是一座方形、三重檐、四角攒尖式的黄琉璃瓦亭，宏伟壮观。其两侧是两座双重檐、八角形、绿琉璃瓦亭，东侧的名叫" 周赏"，西侧的称为"富览"。两亭外侧还有两座圆形、重檐蓝琉璃瓦亭，东?quot;观妙"，西为"辑芳"。旧时，每座亭内均设有铜铸佛像一尊，统叫"五位神"，又有代表甘、辛、苦、酸、咸的"五味神"之称。1920xx年被八国联军掠走四 尊、砸毁一尊(万春亭中的毗卢遮那佛)。五亭矗立山脊，中高侧低，主从分明，左右对称。更兼梁柱飞金，顶瓦映彩，绿树环合，蓝天相衬，构成一幅壮阔、精美的画图。游人至此，必奋力登攀，以一睹首都壮丽迷人的无限风光为快慰!

寿皇殿位于中峰后的正北面，明代始建，清乾隆十四年(1749)又进行重修，仿太庙建造，不仅规模宏 伟，辉煌肃穆，而且自成一个完整的建筑格局。原为清代的祭祖处，过去殿内供奉有清朝历代祖先神像。解放后，该殿被辟为北京市少年宫。

永恩殿、观德殿位于寿皇殿东，明代时是帝王的习射之所。自清代乾隆起，便改为停放帝后的灵柩之 处。观德殿现为少年宫图书馆。明末崇祯帝吊死之处在景山东麓，原有一棵老槐树，是明朝末代皇帝崇祯(朱由检)的自缢处。因明朝末年政治腐败，社会黑暗，豺狼当道，民不聊生，从而导致人民揭竿而起。 1644年农历三月十八日(崇祯十七年)，李自成率领的农民起义军打进北京城时，崇祯见大势已去，在走投无路之下，便逼死皇后，砍杀昭仁公主等，然后仓皇逃到景山，以发遮脸，吊死在驼背的老槐树下，从此明王朝灭亡。陪同崇祯自尽的还有他的御前太监王承恩。原树早已枯死伐除，现存槐树为重新栽种的，并挂有说明牌，记述了这一历史事实。

景山公园是一做优美的皇家花园，欢迎在奥运会来临之时，各国友人前来参观。

大家好，我叫__，也可以叫我庞导，下面我为大家当导游吧!大家看，我们现在来到的是故宫，故宫有两个名字,除了故宫以外,还叫紫禁城.它位于北京市中心,东西宽750米,南北长960米,面积达72万平方米,是世界上规模最大的宫殿建筑物.

咱们数一数,故宫的一共有多少间?你一定数不过来吧?故宫一共有9999间半的房间呢?故宫有许多的殿,比如太和殿、中和殿、乾清门、养心殿等。这里是保和殿，大家向上看，保和殿为重檐歇山顶面阔九间。在原来是举行册立皇后、皇太子等大典时皇上更衣的地方。

大家一定看到我的手指的那一座楼吧?那就是坤宁宫。在明朝，坤宁宫是皇后住的地方。清朝满族的习俗，将其改为祭神的场所，把冬暖阁作为皇上大婚的洞房。出坤宁宫北行，我们来到的是御花园。它的门于东西六宫相通。这御花园规模宏大，长130米，宽90米。

主要建筑钦安殿正处在中轴线上。明朝时。这里秋季大享及祭祀的场所，清代改为了寺庙。这里的大石堆是叠山堆秀，在那时是帝后嫔妃重阳登高的地方。与御花园是以建筑为的宫廷花园，山石树木安排有序，奇花异草争奇斗艳。参观完了故宫，大家一定留下了很深刻的印象吧!

让我一起保护它吧!

各位游客：

进了故宫，大家首先看见的就是人……为什么这么多人来到这里呢?

因为明朝永乐年间，一百万劳工花了十四年的时间修筑起来的故宫是世界是最大的宫殿，非常有名。每天都有数万名游客来这里观光。

故宫的面积约是天安门广场的两倍，比凡尔赛宫殿还大，是日本平安神宫的十倍左右。故宫的历史开始于570年前，请大家把思绪拉回到570年前来游览故宫吧!

午门

这个建筑是故宫朝南的正门，叫作午门。午是正晌午时的午，是位于正中的意思。午门的下面，有五个拱门，正中间的门只有皇帝才能出入，即使地位很高的大臣，也只能使用两侧的门;地方上的诸候只能使用最两端的小门。这些都是根据身份，等级来严格规定的。过去，只有皇后在结婚的时候，才能从午门进入一次，其它女性一律禁止出入午门。当然现在是谁都可以进啦。过去对皇帝的心腹都是这样严厉，一般百姓就更不用提啦。连靠近故宫都不行。所以，这个故宫又被称作紫禁城。紫是紫色的紫。过去有天帝之子，老子住的地方当然也得是紫色的宫殿才中!于是，用了个紫字。禁就是禁止入内的禁字，也就是禁止随便进放的意思。

这正中的路是皇帝专用的。这条但是故宫的中轴线，也是整个北京城的中轴线。北京的主要建筑大多都沿着这个中轴线而建，两边的建筑也多是对称的。皇帝的宫殿位于这中轴线的中间，显示着”普天之下，唯我独尊”。这条路是用大理石铺成的。请看，这大理石路比两边的路高出一块儿来。当皇帝将走这段路时，还要在上面铺上地毯之类的东西，这样就高了。所以纵然皇帝身材短小，在这上面一走，也显得高大伟岸!

皇帝是了不起的”爷们儿”，这中间的门也是了不起的”爷门儿”。每当皇帝经过这中间的门时，都要敲响大钟、大鼓伴奏才行。皇帝就这样迈着步子：咚咚---咚咚咚咚---咚---咚真戳威严无比!皇帝打心眼儿里感觉到：看!还是老子伟大!下面，我们大家也假装当回皇帝，体会一下皇帝走路的感觉吧!

太和门

这个建筑叫太和门，是故宫里最大的木制大门。在这个大门的前面，放有一对狮子，这是明代用青铜的。狮子强悍，吼声震天，使百兽惧怕，放在这里，代表着皇帝的威严。那里有个石头做的像邮筒似的东西，那是大臣，诸候求皇帝时，要写申请书放在里边，由皇帝的仆人转达给皇帝：”万岁，此人求见，可以吗?””好。””是，遵命。”就可以有进了。如果皇帝狱：”不行!”那求见的人就会被撵走。和它相对称的那边，还有一个石头做成的东西，它的形状像一个大印，象征着皇帝的权力。也就是说：老子的权力坚如磐石，不管世间有何变动，老子的`权力永远不变!

太和殿

前面的大殿叫太和殿，是故宫内最大的建筑物，并且是过去北京城最高的建筑物。皇帝下令：任何人的房子也不能高出老子的房子。所以京城只好建了平房，北京过去曾被称为”平房之都”。

下边的广场是太和殿广场，为什么要建这么大的广场呢?如果不建这个广场或是建个小广场，那么，人们就不会感觉到太和殿的雄伟壮观。只有建这么大的广场，站在这里向对面看去：蓝天之下，黄瓦生辉。再加上下面白色的石台，给人以豪华绚烂之感。

举行大典的时候，皇帝坐在太和殿正中的御座;文武百官跪伏在广场。那时还要往石台上的大鼎里放入绿叶松枝燃烧，弄得烟雾缭绕，太和殿直就像云中楼阁一样，文武百官仰望着云中楼阁呼万岁，坐在御座上的皇帝感觉是多么良好，就可想而知啦。尽管故宫周围有十米高的城墙和52米宽的护城河，皇帝还是担心有人挖地道钻进故宫暗杀他，吓得睡不好觉，，绞尽脑汁想了个办法，就是把广场用十五层砖横、竖交叉地铺严实了，才终于放下心来。从这件事也可以看出，当时的权力斗争是何等激烈!当然在大典时，文武百官三呼万岁，但皇帝还是怀有戒心：这里面，这家伙，那家伙，说不定哪个家伙想暗杀老子，不注意哪行!这广场的砖层大约有三、四米深。

这个由石头做成的东西叫嘉量，嘉量是当时的标准度量衡，表示皇帝公平处事，谁半斤，谁八两，心里自然有数。对面还有一个石头做成的东西，叫作日晷。发音和日记一样，但不是日记，是用来看时间的石头表。皇帝的意思是：重量和时间的基准都在老子这里。

那边有鹤和龟，”千年仙鹤，万年龟”，是长寿的象征。不过，中国和日本不同，是颠倒过来说的，叫作”万年仙鹤，千年龟”。为什么说法不一样呢?大概是过去日本的留学生在中国学了词句之后，乘船归国途中，由于船的颠簸使头脑产生混乱，记颠倒了。还有许多例子，如：日本讲良妻贤母，中国讲贤妻良母;日本讲平和，中国讲和平;日本讲法政大学，而在中国叫作政法大学。文章的意思完全一样，但只是顺序不同，大概就是乘船颠簸所致。那鹤和龟不单是一种装饰物，也是一种香炉。它们的背都盖着盖儿，每当大典时，就把盖掀起来，放入檀香燃烧，那烟就从它们的嘴里缓缓溢出，就好像它们都在吞云吐雾一样。

请大家从石台上回头看广场。我们进了故宫之后还没有看见过树。为什么在这么宽阔的地方连一树都不种呢?……不是为了防止暗杀，而是为了制造气氛。如果种了树，郁郁葱葱一片绿，鸟儿在上面又唱又叫的，就会呈现出生活的气息。如果不种绎，就会产生庄严的气氛。我们来想像一下：过去大臣、诸候要见皇帝时，全都得从天安门走着进来，走在宽阔的路上看着高大的建筑，在庄严肃穆的气氛中，大臣、诸候就会越走越感到压力沉重，当走到皇帝面前时，就会自然地双腿打着哆嗦跪下来了。

恭王府花园为位于恭王府后的一独具特色的花园，又名萃锦园，位于柳荫街甲14号，建于1777年，据考证是在明代旧园上重修的。全园占地面积2.8万平方米，有古建筑31处。恭亲王为重建花园调集百名能工巧匠，增置山石林木，彩画斑斓，融江南园林艺术与北方建筑格局为一体，汇西洋建筑及中国古典园林建筑为一园，建成后曾为京师百座王府之冠，是北京现存王府园林艺术的精华所在，堪称"什刹海的明珠"。其中园中的西洋门、御书"福"字碑、室内大戏楼并称恭王府"三绝"。某些红学家认为此园可能是曹雪芹笔下《红楼梦》中大观园的原型。

王府是北京规模最大、保存最完整的清代王府，位于什刹海西北角，前海西街17号，现为全国重点文物保护单位。恭王府始建于十八世纪末，早期为乾隆年间大学士和珅宅第，嘉庆四年(公元1799年)和珅获罪，宅第被没收赐与庆郡王，咸丰元年 (公元1851年)改赐给恭亲王爱新觉罗·奕?。

清代王府有严格的规制，规定亲王府有大门五间，正殿七间，后殿五间，后寝七间，左右有配殿，形成多进四合院，不少府邸有后花园。但许多王府经历沧桑，早已面目全非，只有恭王府是北京现存最完整、布置最精的一座清代王府。著名学者侯仁之先生称之为"一座恭王府，半部清代史"。

恭王府分为平行的东、中、西三路，是世界最大的四合院。中路的三座建筑是府邸的主体，一是大殿，二是后殿，三是延楼，延楼东西长一百六十米，有四十余间房屋。东路和西路各有三个院落，和中路建筑遥相呼应。王府的最后部分是花园，二十多个景区各不相同。

恭王府花园在造园手法上既有中轴线，也有对称手法。全园分为中路、东路、西路三路，成多个院落。中轴上依次是园门、飞来峰、蝠池、安善堂、方池、假山、邀月台、绿天小隐、蝠厅。中路建筑和山水基本对称，东、西两路只是山体对称，建筑不对称。整个园林由六条山龙围合:南面、东面、西面各有两山，中路后部有一山为中龙。

东路以建筑为主。东有两山南北奔趋，两山各在东南和东北转折成围合状。建筑分三个小院。，南面靠东院入，抬头是一精致垂花门，入内为狭长院落，院内当年种竹，正厅为大戏楼之后部，西厢为中路明道堂之后卷，东厢为一排厢房，院西为另一个狭长院落。入口月洞门，曰:吟香醉月。北面是东路的主体建筑大戏楼，戏楼自成一个小院，面积达685平方米，院内有前厅、观众厅、舞台、扮戏房等，厅内装饰豪华，是王府的观戏处。

西路以山水为主。西路的起始部分从飞来峰西走，在南端是两山之间的一个雄关。关名曰:榆关，榆关即长城的山海关，是长城的象征，素有天下第一关之美称，当年，清代皇帝就是从此入关，在园中设此关足以表示园主不忘记清祖从山海关入主中原的丰功伟绩。榆关之前是西路的中心大方池，方池东南角出细流折东与福河相连，大方池之中有一个方形小岛，岛上是观鱼台，以此来喻庄子濠上观鱼之乐的典故;池西是西山;池前有五间堂屋。东出抄手廊与中路滴翠岩的曲廊相接。

全园以福字贯穿，表明主题明显。山势围合有新意，榆关雄峙也有新意，但东部建筑较多，中部曲廊的围合也不够有机，特别是理水较差。从堆石、建筑、植物、格局上看仍有北方园林特点。

恭王府位于什刹海北岸的恭王府是世界最大的四合院，也是今日北京城里，60余座清代王府中保存最完整的一个。分为平行的东、中、西三路。中路的3座建筑是府邸的主体，一是大殿，二是后殿，三是延楼。延楼东西长160米，有40余间房屋。东路和西路各有3个院落，和中路遥相呼应。王府的最后部分是花园，20多个景区各不相同。

恭王府是清道光帝第六子恭忠亲王府第。前身为乾隆时大学士和砷的邸宅。嘉庆四年(1799年)和砷获罪，邸宅入官，嘉庆帝将其一部分赐给其弟庆僖亲王永磷，是为庆王府。以后咸丰市将庆王府收回，转赐其弟奕沂，是为恭王府。咸丰、同治年间曾整修，并在府后添建花园。

由于恭王府有着某些《红楼梦》中所描绘的景物，因此有人说恭王府花园是大观园的蓝本。但是，许多人又提出了不同的意见。

王府的主人奕诉，是一等贵族，所以他的府邸不仅宽大，而且建筑也是最高格制，显示其不可逾越的等级，明显的标志是门脸和房屋数量。亲王府有门脸5间，正殿7间，后殿5间，后寝7间，左右有配殿。低于亲王等级的王公府邸决不能多于这些数字。房屋的形式、屋瓦的颜色也是不能替越的。

恭王府以前的主人是大0相和坤，他修建的庆颐堂模仿了皇帝的宁寿宫，皇帝“加恩赐令自尽”时，这就是其中的一条罪状。

恭王府的建筑，可分为府邸和花园两部分。府邸占地46.5亩，分为中东西三路，各由多进四合院组成，后面环抱着长160余米的通脊二层后罩楼。楼后为花园，占地38.6亩，园内建筑也约略形成中东西三路，园中散置了叠石假山，曲廊亭榭，池塘花木。

中路前部是面阔3间的大门和面阔5间的二门，门里原有正殿银安殿，已毁，现存后殿，即嘉乐堂;东路由三进四合院组成，是恭亲王奕折的起居生活用房;西路正房为锡晋斋，院宇宏大，廊点周接，气派非凡。在三路院落之后，环抱东西长160米的40余间两层后楼，东边名瞻雾楼，西边名宝约楼。楼后即花园--苹锦园，俗称恭王府花园，占地2.8万平方米。园内建筑分中东酉三路，也有约略的轴线，散置叠石假山、曲廊亭榭、水池花木。主要建筑有蝎殿、邀月台、大戏台、沁秋亭等。