最新200字长城导游词
万里长城是中国古代在不同时期为抵御塞北游牧部落联盟侵袭而修筑的规 模浩大的军事工程的统称。
长城东西绵延上万华里,因此又称作万里长城。现存的长城遗迹主要为始建 于 14 世纪的明长城,西起嘉峪关,东至辽东虎山,全长 8851.8 公里,平均高 6 至 7 米、宽 4 至 5 米。长城是我国古代劳动人民创造的伟大的奇迹,是中国悠久历史的见证。
万里长城,是中国伟大的军事建筑,它规模浩大,被誉为古代人类建筑史上 的一大奇迹。以雄峙中国北方大地的万里长城为中介的南北广大地域所构成的长 城带,横贯今辽宁、内蒙古、宁夏、甘肃、陕西、山西、河南、河北、北京、天 津、山东和吉林、黑龙江、青海、新疆等省(市、自治区)的相当一部分地区,也包括历史时期处于今蒙古人民共和国和朝鲜半岛的若干地区。其范围南北宽约数 百公里乃至上千公里, 东西长约数千公里。
长城带自远古至今居住着众多的民族, 各民族及其相互关系的发展,是观察和理解长城带一切事物的关键所在。
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篇1:长城英文导游词
Hello! Hello, I am a lollipop travel guide, my name is Lou, where the name,we call it my house! We are going to travel on the Great Wall today. I hope youwill have a good time with me.Beijing the Badaling Great Wall, the MutianyuGreat Wall, the Great Wall, the Great Wall Juyongguan, Simatai the Great Wall,today, we are going to climb the Great Wall juyongguan.
Juyongguan the Great Wall perimeter 4000 meters, this is just part of thethe Great Wall! The Great Wall east of Shanhaiguan, west of Jiayuguan, more than13000. According to legend, the emperor built the the Great Wall, the prisoners,soldiers and forced to turn to move on after this, "Ju Yong believers", namedjuyongguan. Because it is next to the lush mountains of trees, Yamahanabrilliant, magnificent scenery, so we called it the "green pass".
We first went to "the best in all the land, this is a piece of" stone,engraved with the words, "the best in all the land" China two ", one of the bestin all the land" is the focus of Jiayuguan the Great Wall, the other isJuyongguan, Juyongguan not originally ", because it is the best in all the land"section of the Great Wall is a gateway very important, so was also known as "thebest in all the land", interested visitors can take a picture, but please hurry,Ill be climbing in the Great Wall.
Keep up with you, climb the Great Wall and dont drop the queue. The GreatWall is very steepy and safe. You see, the uneven wall called battlements, aboveetc.look-mouth and nozzle, for watching and shooting. Do you see those cities?Is his fortress, when the war, soldiers can do harm to the temporary treatmenton the inside.
Next, we came to the city of Chinese Taiwan, you can go to visit the city of Chinese Taiwanzhunbing ancient note, dont Scribble, but the ancient historical relics!
Come on, top! Its cool and comfortable. Why is the Great Wall broken?Because of the obstruction of the mountains and rivers, everyone breaks, andthey meet in half an hour.
This is the end of this journey. I hope that after listening to myexplanation, we have a better understanding of the the Great Wall. Goodbye!
篇2:长城四年级语文导游词
亲爱的游客们,大家好!
我是导游小王,今天我们要游览的是高大坚固、气魄雄伟、举世无双的长城。
长城是古代劳动人民为防止外敌入侵修筑的防御工事。长城很长,它像一条长龙,在崇山峻岭之间蜿蜒。它东到山海关,西到嘉峪关,绵延一万三千多里。
请大家向这儿看,长城就是用这些巨大的条石和城砖筑成的。城墙外沿是成排两米多高的城墙,外沿上有着数不清的瞭望口和射击口。城墙上,每隔三百多米就有一座屯兵的堡垒。打仗的时候,两座堡垒之间可以相互呼应。
游客朋友们,单看这数不清的条石,一块就有两三千斤重。那时没有起重机、火车汽车,就靠着无数的胳膊无数的手,人拉肩扛,才凝成了这前不见首、后不见尾的长城。
关于长城,还有许多动人的故事和传说,比如《孟姜女哭长城》、《天下第一关》等,大家有兴趣可以上网查一查。
好了,我们今天的旅程就要结束了,希望大家多提宝贵意见,谢谢大家!
篇3:关于长城导游词700字
各位旅客朋友:
大家好!我是你们的导游。我叫柳博,大家可以叫我“博导”。
今天能陪同大家一起参观,我感到非常荣幸,希望大家在八达岭度过一个愉快美好的时光。
长城是中国着名的风景名胜,也是世界闻名的“十大奇迹”之一,他像一条巨龙盘踞在中国北方的土地上。现在,我们已经到达了八达岭长城。你们向远处看,可以发现这里的长城分为南、北两峰,蜿蜒盘旋在青翠的山脊之上,有龙腾虎跃之势,十分壮观。再往下看,在登城口的南侧,陈列着一门大炮,是当年用来抵御外敌的,被称为“威武大将军”。它长约85米,口径105毫米,最远射程1000多米,因炮身铸有“神威大将军”而得名。可见当时的军事工业是多么的发达。旅客朋友们,你们再向左看,那就是八达岭长城有名的烽火台。据考证,当时烽火台“高约四丈,宽六尺,积约六百七十二尺,率二百三十七人。”平时还设有一人专事守望,一人做作,其他人则做修建、收集柴草等工作。当出现敌情时,就点燃柴火,以此传递信号,但是现在烽火台已失去原有的军事价值。
好了,今天我们就游览到这里吧。请大家带好自己的行李物品,按次序下楼,注意安全。谢谢!
篇4:最新200字长城导游词
游客们好,我是你们的导游,我姓陈,名叫雅然,大家可以叫我陈导
在游览北京八达岭长城上,我先介绍长城:北京的八达岭乘车是非常长德,就像一条龙一样,长城上的城砖很重的,你们可不要小看它,一块就有两三斤重。城墙顶上,只要每隔三百多米就有一座方形的城台,那是屯兵们的堡垒,那里很坚固,打仗时,城台之间可以互相呼应。城墙外沿有两米多高的成排的垛子,垛子上有方形的瞭望口和射口,是再打仗的时候。供瞭望和射击用的。城墙顶着铺着许多方砖,十分平整,像很宽的马路,五六匹马都可以并行走在一起的。这就是大家游览的北京八达岭长城。
在游览长城之前,不能乱扔垃圾,随便大小便,在城砖上乱涂乱画等不良行为,否则您就破坏了长城的美丽的景观,大人们要管好自己的孩子,以免孩子走失了,大家也要注意安全,也不要走太远了,不然的话会照不到队伍,有什么问题就来找我,我会解决您不懂的事情。大家要准备好东西我们要出发了。
篇5:最新200字长城导游词
这一段长城修筑在八达岭上,它是用巨大的条石和城砖筑成的。城墙沿有两米多高的垛子,垛子上有方形的了嘹望口和射口,他们用来嘹望和射击用。城墙的顶上,每阁上三百多里就
有个方行形的城台,它是屯兵的堡垒,打仗的时候,那些石头是打不倒城墙的,城台之间还可以互相呼应。
我站在城上,踏着脚下的方砖,扶着墙上的条石,相信大家跟我一样,会很自然的地想起古代修筑长城的劳动人民来。
以前的时候是没有火车,气车和起重机的,这长城是用劳动人民的手和肩膀一步一步地抬上这陡峭的山岭。所以我们说这前不见头后不见尾的万里长城是个伟大的奇迹。
好了,今天我们就到这里。再见再见。
篇6:长城导游词
亲爱的游客朋友们:
大家好!
您参加的是光明旅舍一日游。我姓李,大家叫我小李就可以了。这次我们观赏的地方是:万里长城。有句俗话说得好“不到长城非好汉。”今天,就让我们来当一回好汉吧!大家有不懂的地方或需要我帮忙就尽管说,我会尽力而为。祝大家玩得开心,游得快乐!
大家请有序跟我走,长城,远看像一条长龙,在崇山峻岭之间蜿蜒盘旋。长城呢,很长,从东头的山海关到西头的嘉峪关,有一万三千多里。这一段长城修建在八达岭上,既高大又坚固。你们猜,长城是用什么建成的吗?答对了,是用巨大的条石和城墙筑成的。城墙顶上铺着方砖,很平整,像很宽的马路,五六匹马可以并行。城墙外沿有两米多高的成排的垛子,供了望和射击用。那你们还知道城墙顶上每隔三百多米的方形城台是什么?哈!哈!不知道了吧,是峰火台,是屯兵打仗的堡垒。城台之间可以互相呼应。
大家都听说《孟姜女哭长城》的传说吧!今天,就让我给大家讲一个定城砖的传说的吧:相传明正德年间,有一名叫易开占的修关工匠,用工料十分准确和节省。监督修关的监事官不信,要他计算嘉峪关用砖数量,易开占经过详细计算后说:“需要九万九千九百九十九块砖。”监事官依言发砖,只剩下一块砖,放置在西翁城门后檐台上。监事官发觉后大喜,正想借此克扣易开占和众工匠的工钱,哪知易开占不慌不忙地说:“那块砖是定城砖,是神仙所放,如果搬动,城楼便会塌掉。”监事官一听,不敢再追究。从此,这块砖就一直放在原地,谁也不敢搬动。现在,此砖仍保留在嘉峪关城楼之上。
来,大家继续往前走,我们站在长城上,踏着脚下的方砖,扶着墙上的条石,会很自然地想起古代修筑长城的劳动人民来。你们知道吗?单看这样数不清的条石,一块一有两三千斤重。那时候没有火车、汽车、起重机,都是人们一步一步地抬上这陡峭的山岭。多少劳动人民的血汗和智慧才凝结成这前不见头,后不见尾的万里长城。
长城这样一个气魄雄伟的工程,它是世界历史上一个伟大的奇迹。
耳听不如眼见,现在是自由活动时间,请大家保管好自己的财物,以免丢失!不能在长城上乱丢垃圾,不能乱涂乱画。
篇7:2024年北京慕田峪长城的导游词
慕田峪长城位于北京市怀柔区境内,于公元1368年由朱元璋手下大将徐达在北齐长城遗址上督建而成,是明朝万里长城的精华所在。其距北京城区73公里,全长5400米,是中国目前最长的长城 ,也是著名的北京十六景之一,国家AAAAA级旅游区。景区内山峦叠嶂,植被覆盖率达90%以上,多建在外侧陡峭的崖边,依山就势,以险制厄。此段长城东连古北口,西接居庸关,自古以来就是拱卫京畿的军事要冲,有正关台、大角楼、鹰飞倒仰等著名景观,长城墙体保持完整,较好地体现了长城古韵。景区中设有国内一流的登城缆车、开发了中华梦石城、施必得滑道等项目,形成了长城文化、石文化和体育健身娱乐的有机结合。英国前首相梅杰、美国前总统克林顿等多位外国首脑曾到慕田峪长城观光游览。
慕田峪长城旅游区群山环抱,风景秀丽。春季,群芳争妍、山花烂漫;夏季,满山青翠、流水潺潺;秋季,红叶漫山、果实累累;冬季,白雪皑皑、银装素裹、一派北国风光,在中外享有“万里长城 慕田峪独秀”的美誉。
慕田峪长城历史悠久,文化灿烂,在北京乃至全国有一定的知名度和影响力。尤其是20xx年奥运会后,知名度和美誉度在世界上得到了有效的提升。其势险峻峥嵘,起伏连绵,如巨龙飞腾,1987年被评为北京十六景之一,1992年被评为北京旅游世界之最,20xx年被评为4A级风景区,20xx年被评为5A级旅游景区。
慕田峪原是一个小山村,坐落在怀柔县北辛营乡(今渤海镇),这里山峦起伏,林木葱郁,万里长城自东南而西北在丛山峻岭之巅蜿蜒。由于山势缓陡,曲直相间,所以极富立体感。由于慕田峪地理位置十分重要,被称为“危岭雄关”。而慕田峪关更是明代拥护京师和明皇陵的的重要关口之一,在此曾发生过多次战事。慕田峪长城西接居庸关,东连古北口,为京师北门黄花镇的东段,自古被称为拱卫京师、皇陵的北方屏障,而慕田峪关更是明代拥护京师和明皇陵的重要关口之一。
中国南北朝时的的北齐(公元550年—577年),就在慕田峪筑有长城。明朝初年重建,据文献考证,慕田峪长城是明初朱元璋手下大将徐达(曾被封为中山王,也被称为中山)在北齐长城遗址上督建而成。(《同治十二年迁安县志》记载:“明初,徐中山筑边城墙,自山海关西抵慕田峪,一千七百余里,边防可云密矣。”
公元1420xx年(明永乐二年)建“慕田峪关”。(见《日下旧闻考》·边障·卷一百五十三·二四六六页)。
公元1569年(隆庆三年)明穆宗朱载特命抗倭名将戚继光以都督同知总理蓟镇、昌镇、保定三镇练兵事,率军对慕田峪段在内的二千里长城进行整修,隆庆五年秋建成遗存至今截止20xx年,慕田峪所保留修复的长城,是全国明长城遗迹中保存最好的地段之一。
慕田峪长城多建在外侧陡峭的崖边,依山就势,以险制厄。墙体高七八米,墙顶宽四五米,建筑材料以花岗条石为主,雄伟坚固。墙顶上两边都建有矮墙垛口,可两面拒敌,外侧还挖掘有挡马坑,使防御功能更加完善。墙顶的双侧都筑有长约5尺、厚1尺多、高2尺有余的垛口。关门两侧是沿山脊升起的,随山势翻转。在这些地段的垛口不是开口的长方形,而是呈锯齿状。射洞筑在垛口的下方,它不是圆形孔,而是顶部呈弧状的方形孔。
险要之处还修有炮台。长城上还建有“支城”。所谓“支城”,就是在长城内外侧有高脊山梁的地方,再节外生枝地顺山梁修出一段长城来,长度几米到几十米不等,并在此筑有敌楼,当地人称为“刀把楼”。明代在重修慕田峪长城时,在墙顶的两侧都加修了垛口,还同时新设置了滚木石雷石孔,可攻可守。而修筑“刀把楼”,可控制制高点,减少对主城的威胁。慕田峪长城从正关台左侧起,随山势翻转,奔向远方。
长城由山腰直伸山顶,在山顶立一敌楼后,又突然下降,翻身向下返回山腰,又骤然升起,直到海拔940多米的地方,绕了一个大弯,其形状酷似牛犄角,苍劲雄浑,人们把它称之为“牛犄角边”。长城从“牛犄角边”继续往前延伸,经过一个名叫“箭扣”的地方,这里是已达海拔1044米的山峰,两侧陡峭如削。在修筑长城时,必须从山头的外侧断崖绝壁上通过,又不能把这个制高点留在外面,使用砖石、木材显然都不行。于是聪明的能工巧匠们,用了两根大铁梁担在断崖之上,上面再垒砌砖石,这种方法在整个长城修建史上极为罕见。
长城本来是顺山势伸向东北,可是到一敌楼处突然分出约1000多米的地段,另辟蹊径摆向东南方向,山势尽处,突然终止,在尽头处修了一个甚是坚固雄伟的敌楼。这段千余米的长城被人们称之为“秃尾巴边”。这样长城在此处就形成了三道长城汇于一楼,“三面极目观巨龙”的景观。在慕田峪长城“牛犄角边”的两侧,有一段长城被称为称为“箭扣”及“鹰飞倒仰”。墙体全部建在岩石裸露的悬崖峭壁上,长城的坡度大都在50度左右,其中有一节接近90度,几近垂直,台阶仅有几尺宽,非勇敢者不敢涉足。
篇8:游长城导游词
各位游客:
大家好!
我们现在参观的八达岭长城是明朝修建的。为防御外敌入侵,秦朝,汉朝和明朝共修建了一万三千多里长城。长城西起嘉峪关,东到山海关。长城被称为世界七大奇迹之一。
大家看,长城全部是用巨大的条石和城砖砌筑而成的。城墙外沿那两米多高的成排建筑叫垛子,垛子上面的方形口子是了望口和射口,是打仗用的。城墙顶上那一座座方形的城台,是屯兵的堡垒,每隔三百米就有一座,这样打仗时城台之间可以互相呼应。
各位游客,那时可没火车,汽车,也没起重机,这一块块有两三千斤重的条石以及建筑材料都是靠人力抬上去的,是现代人想都不敢想的壮举,难怪世界上都公认它是一大奇迹!
参观了长城,大家要记住一句话:不到长城非好汉!只有亲眼目睹了先辈们的这一伟大创造,才能在人生的道路上成为一个真正的好汉!
我有一个关于长城的故事那就是孟姜女哭长城。相传秦始皇时,劳役繁重,青年男女范喜良、孟姜女新婚三天,新郎就被迫出发修筑长城,不久因饥寒劳累而死,尸骨被埋在长城墙下。孟姜女身背寒衣,历尽艰辛,万里寻夫来到长城边,得到的却是丈夫的噩耗。她痛哭在城下,三日三夜不止,城为之裂,露出范喜良尸骸,孟姜女于绝望之中投海而死。
那个位旅游自由参观,我有照相机,要照相找我。
谢谢大家!
篇9:长城的导游词500字
很荣幸能当你们导游,我叫,大家可以叫我陈导,如果大家有什么问题,可以来问我。
我们这次去的景点就是长城了。
大家看,我们今天去的世界著名遗产之一长城像不像一条龙?他在崇山峻岭之间蜿蜒盘旋,我们现在站在山脚下,你们看上去,可能只有几千多里,实际上,他有一万三千多里。我们现在登上去看一看吧!大家来看,多么气魄雄伟的长城展现在了我们的眼前,瞧!我们脚下踏着的就是方砖,现在让我们来扶着墙上的条石,走一段路,大家感觉到了什么?对,以前的劳动人民多么辛苦,她们把自己的智慧和血汗都献给了长城,我们一定要好好珍惜现在的长城,长城是用巨大的条石和城砖筑成的。城墙外沿有两米多高的成排的垛子,垛子上有方形的了望口和射口,供了望和射击用的,城墙顶上,每隔三百多里就有一座方形的城台,是屯兵的堡垒。
大家知道关于八达岭的故事和长城的传说吗?八达岭的那个故事的题目叫《烽火戏诸侯》:周朝有个国君叫周幽王,他有个美女叫褒姒,她的脾气很怪,总是不笑,幽王就想办法。于是,他点燃了求救信号(烽火),结果,引得诸侯白来一趟,可褒姒却哈哈大笑,幽王也很开心。可是,真有敌人来进攻的时候,幽王点燃了烽火,却不见人来,幽王就被敌人杀死了。
长城的传说《孟姜女哭长城》:孟姜女哭长城的故事,是我国古代著名的民间传说,它以戏剧、歌谣、诗文、说唱等形式,广泛流传,可胃家喻户晓。相传秦始皇时劳役繁重,青年男女范喜良、孟姜女新婚三天,新郎就被迫出发修筑长城,不久因饥寒劳累而死,尸骨被埋在长城墙下。孟姜女身背寒衣,历尽艰辛,万里寻夫来到长城边,得到的却是丈夫的噩耗。她痛哭城下,三日三夜不止,城为之崩裂,露出范喜良尸骸,孟姜女于绝望之中投海而死。从此,山海关被后人认为是“孟姜女哭长城”之地,并在那里盖了孟姜女庙,南来北往的人们常在这儿洒下一掬同情之泪。
现在,故事和传说都听玩了,我们可以自由活动,记住1小时以后,我们在这里集合,注意,不要乱扔垃圾。
篇10:长城英文导游词_北京导游词_网
长城是世界文化遗产,历史上长城城堡是长城沿线重要的军事类城镇,也是长城防御体系不可分割的组成部分。下面是第一范文网为大家带来的长城英文导游词,希望可以帮助大家。
1:长城英文导游词
Dear passengers, everyone! I am your tour guide lily pula, you can call me ho. This is very honored to visit the Great Wall with you.
From a distance, the Great Wall is like a huge dragon. Close look, I cant see the other end of the Great Wall. Standing on the Great Wall, beacon tower stands on the Great Wall, like a "daruma" will never fall. The Great Wall is an important ancient defense works, from yan started to build the Great Wall, the Great Wall has a history of more than 20xx years now!
There is a touching legend about the Great Wall. When building the Great Wall, in addition to need not to build the wall over the age of 60, other youth to build the Great Wall. Suzhou scholar Fan Xiliang, in order to avoid being caught by the rulers, had to be in hiding. Once, he fled to meng garden, accidentally encountered meng jiangnu. Meng jiangnu is a smart beautiful girl, she and her parents hid the Fan Xiliang together. Two old people like Fan Xiliang, meng jiangnu betrothed to his wife. But, the person and tragedies will descend, it is the unforeseen that newly married less than three days, Fan Xiliang go by officers and soldiers to catch. Later, meng jiangnu Trinidad TiaoTiaoDe came to the Great Wall to find her husband. Who knows, migrant workers told her that Fan Xiliang is dead. She was crying at the foot of the Great Wall, I dont know how long cry, listen to "bang", the Great Wall fall down a few kilometers.
The passengers, please do not throw garbage everywhere, and in the scribble on the ChengZhuan moment. We are to meet at 7 in the gate.
2:长城英文导游词
As the saying goes, "not a true man unless he comes to the Great Wall", climb the Great Wall have the constancy, and never quit the perseverance and determination, cant give up halfway! We can watch while climbing. Ill introduce the Great Wall for everybody: the Great Wall is composed of GuanCheng, beacon tower pier of watchtowers, smoke, and the barbican, wall, wall, the crenel, perforation, hole, etc. Beacon tower pier and smoke is used to transfer the situation of the enemy. In smoke on the pier burning smoke during the day, how much smoke the heap represents the number of enemy soldiers. Night cant see the smoke, a fire on the beacon tower. This way of passing information at that time is the most rapid and most effective, the beacon tower has played a very big effect.
At this moment, I saw a kid to climb on the wall. I put him down for everyone, said: "please note that cant climb on the wall, it is very dangerous. Outside the wall is dangerous mountain, its no fun to fall down!" Here, Ill tell you something about a story about the Great Wall: once upon a time, a man named meng jiangnu, she went to send clothes for repairing the husband of the Great Wall. She reached the Great Wall, but didnt find her husband. She hurriedly ask others, others say that he had been buried in the Great Wall. Her sad cry, cry for many years, finally, her tears fell the Great Wall, finally saw her husband.
The Great Wall is very beautiful, very spectacular, winding, welcome you to touring!
3:长城英文导游词
The tourists everybody is good, today Ill guide you to visit the Great Wall.
Look, far see the Great Wall it is like a long dragon, in between the mountains winding. From shanhaiguan east to west of jiayuguan, has more than thirteen thousand.
Now we have come to the Great Wall. This section of the Great Wall built in badaling, tall and strong, it is built against the huge stone and ChengZhuan. With square brick on the top of the wall, very smooth, like a wide road, WuLiuPi mark in parallel. Outside walls along the rows of buttress has two meters high, buttress on the square? At the mouth and a nozzle for? With hope and shot. On the top of the wall, every three hundred meters there is a square ChengTai, station troops fortress, war, between the ChengTai can mutual echo.
Now we are standing on the Great Wall, stepping at the foot of the square brick, holding the stone on the wall, you will naturally think of the ancient working people to build the Great Wall. Single the countless stone, a piece of have two or three one thousand catties, at that time there were no trains, cars, no crane this steep ridge, rely on countless countless hands, shoulders to the time of the working people is great.
Such boldness of vision of the male project, in the history of the world but a great miracle!
Is the majestic of the Great Wall, the male of vast gray not let us deeply intoxicated? Then let you to use your experience.
4:长城英文导游词
Dear visitors:
Everybody is good! Everybody call me weeks. Today, I take you to visit the Great Wall of world-famous. During the visit, please protect the cultural heritage, the wall graffito of the scribble not, not disorderly garbage.
Chairman MAO once said: "not a true man unless he comes to the Great Wall." As a Chinese people why dont we go visit? Right! Now we will go when men, mounted the former see head, after the end of the Great Wall. There is a touching legend about the Great Wall: intelligent and hardworking meng jiangnu, in order to find the officers and soldiers to catch to built the Great Walls husband, all the way to the Great Wall. After more than doubling about, but learned that her husband is alive dead tired! The news like a bolt from the blue, meng jiangnu cry for three days and three nights at the foot of the Great Wall, "bang" 1, the Great Wall in 800.
Now we are standing on the badaling Great Wall, stepping at the foot of the square brick, holding the stone on the wall. Tourists, look at the countless stone, a two or three one thousand catties, at that time there were no trains, cars, no crane, rely on countless countless hands, shoulders step by step, carry on the steep mountains. Look at these, you can think of the Great Wall is perhaps the epitome of many working people sweat and wisdom.
The beauty of the Great Wall, also dont say dont say it now, please walk to enjoy!
5:长城英文导游词
"North scenery, freeze, you spend a lot. Look inside and outside the Great Wall, but a more vast..." Hello everyone, I am the guide from the trip - xue guides. This time we will go to one of the historical and cultural heritage, the Great Wall.
The Great Wall from the qin dynasty began to build, to resist the invasion of the huns was built. From jiayuguan to shanhaiguan, full length more than thirteen thousand. Today well visit the Great Wall at badaling. You see, it is tall and strong, with huge stone and ChengZhuan built in. Everyone to see, on the top of the walls covered with square brick, very smooth, like a wide road, WuLiuPi mark in parallel. Outside walls along the rows of buttress has two meters high, there are square lookout on buttress mouth and nozzle, is for the benefit of the outlook and shooting. On the top of the wall, every three hundred meters there is a square ChengTai, is the bulwark of station troops. War, between the ChengTai can mutual echo.
Everyone look at the countless stone, with 2 - one thousand catties a there was no train, car, no crane, rely on countless countless hands and shoulders, step by step and carried on the steep mountains. How many working people sweat and wisdom, to condense into the former does not see the head, after the end of the Great Wall.
Everyone who knows the great probably how many people died? To fix the working people of the Great Wall with ninety-six percent of people are in the process of the Great Wall and completed less than two weeks to death. "Meng jiangnu cry the Great Wall" is to prove it. Is really "the dead times comparable to hurt, still hold pestle" zombies!
Now, there are many people on the wall disorderly painting, carving, and litter. If you want to keep the beauty of the Great Wall, dont damage the Great Wall. It is built against the many working peoples wisdom and sweat! Let us act, to protect the Great Wall, to protect the motherland good things!
Visitors, now we have the Great Wall, the end of the todays trip to the Great Wall. Thank you for your support, we see you next time.
篇11:长城导游词1000字
尊敬的各位游客:
大家好!
今天我们要游览中国历史的象征——慕田峪长城。我的名字中有一个“同”字,大家可以叫我“铜锣烧”,在这里,先预祝大家旅途愉快!
长城主要由城墙、关城、烽火台与敌楼组成。看,我手指的那段城墙上就有一个坚固的烽火台,烽火台是长城最为重要的防御部分之一。接下来,就让我们走进烽火台吧!
烽火台的布局十分重要。要紧的是必须把它建立在高山险处或是峰回路转的地方,而且一定要三个台都能相互望见,以便于传递军情,大家从这个窗口看去,是不是能看到另外一个烽火台?你们记不记得一个著名的历史典故“烽火戏诸侯”的故事?可见,当时烽火台得重要性!
从这边门出去,就是宽大的城墙了。城墙是用石头砌成,上面有方形的瞭望口和射口,在这墙外,峭壁几乎垂直,地势十分险要。当年,因胡人、甸奴不断来犯,秦始皇为了保护疆土百姓,便修建了坚固的城墙,防御敌人。让我们向远眺望,它像什么?我觉得它就像一条长龙,盘旋在崇山峻岭之上,保卫祖国。
敌楼也是构成长城重要的一部分,现在我们面前就有一个敌楼。敌楼也是古代为御敌而建造的城楼,楼内有小窗户,为瞭望和射击所用。敌楼一般分两层,顶层用于战斗,下层用于提供食宿、休憩。
说到这里,大家知道为什么当时要修建长城吗?我在这里跟大家唠一唠,长城,始建于春秋战国时期,据历史记载,第一,是秦、赵、燕国为防御匈奴而建的城墙;第二,是秦、赵、齐国等大国为相互防御而搭建的。最后秦国统一六国,将各国的城墙联接起来,之后又在汉、明两代加以大规模修筑,才建成这气势雄伟、堪称世界伟大奇迹的万里长城。所以,万里长城可不是秦朝一次建成的,它集聚了中华民族的智慧和血汗,是我们的骄傲!
讲了那么多,大家也该休息一下。我们可以自由观赏、游玩、拍照。但又几点需要注意:1不要攀墙,注意安全;2不要乱扔垃圾,做一名文明的游客,3保护长城,不涂不画。两小时后,“铜锣烧”在这边等你们哦,咱们不见不散!
篇12:简短介绍长城的导游词
Hello everyone, welcome to the Great Wall with me. My name is Yue. You cancall me tour guide Yue. Here, I hope you will pay attention to your safety,protect your finance, do not scribble, do not litter, on the road, please do notmake a loud noise.
Dear passengers, we have come to the foot of the Great Wall. Do you thinkthe Great Wall is like a long dragon winding between the mountains? I tell you,it has more than 13000 miles. If you want to have a look, go up and have a goodlook.
Dear tourists, we have now ascended the great wall of Badaling. It is madeof huge bricks and stones. It is tall, solid and magnificent. Its also verywide. Five or six horses can run in parallel. If you dont believe it, you canstretch out your hands and stand more than a dozen people. There are rows ofcrenels on the outer edge of the city wall. There are square lookouts andshooting ports on the crenels. In ancient times, they were used to shoot andwatch the enemys movements. Every three hundred meters there is a cityplatform, which used to be a fortress for soldiers.
There are many stories about the Great Wall, such as Meng Jiangnu cryingover the Great Wall. It is said that a long time ago, there was a Meng familyvillage in Songjiang Prefecture, Jiangsu Province, where an old man was good atplanting gourds. This year, the gourds he planted grew very prosperous, and oneof them stretched out to his neighbor Jiangs yard. Meng and Jiang were veryfriendly, so they made an appointment with each other in autumn and married halfof the gourd family. In autumn, it turned out to be a big gourd. Meng and Jiangwere very happy. They picked the gourd and prepared to share it. Suddenly,hearing the cries of children coming from the gourd, old man Meng was verystrange, so he cut the gourd with a knife. Ah! There was a little girl sittingin the gourd with a red face and a round mouth, which was very popular.
The old Jiangs mother-in-law saw that she was very fond of it. She pickedit up and said, "give me the child!" but old Meng had no children and had tofight with them for a while. In the end, we had to ask the elders of the villageto cut off. The elder said, "your two families have agreed to raise half of thegourd family, so the children in the gourd should be raised by your twofamilies." So the little girl became the apple of the eye of the two families.Because the old man had no children, she lived in the Meng family and was namedMeng Jiangnu.
Meng Jiangnu grows up day by day. She is clever, smart and beautiful. Sheweaves cloth and sings songs to compete with Huang Ying. Meng old man loves heras a treasure. On this day, Meng Jiangnu finished sewing and went to the backgarden to relax. In the garden, the lotus is in full bloom, and the water is asblue as blue. Suddenly, a pair of big butterflies fall on the lotus leaves bythe side of the pool, which attracts her attention. She walks over and pourswith a fan. She doesnt want to use too much force, and the fan falls into thewater. Meng Jiangnu was very angry, so she rolled up her sleeves and searchedfor something. Suddenly she heard something behind her. She looked back and sawthat it was a young man standing under a tree, full of dust and tired.
Meng Jiangnu rushed to find her parents. Meng Laohan was very angry withthe young man for entering the back garden privately. She asked, "who are youand how dare you enter my back garden privately?" the young man pleaded guiltyand told the story. It turned out that the young mans name was Wan Xiliang. Hewas born in Suzhou. He had studied since childhood and was full of articles. Thefirst emperor of Qin Dynasty did not want to build the great wall and catch thestrong men everywhere. The three men drew one and the five men drew two. Thepeople were full of complaints. Wan Xiliang quickly disguised himself andescaped. Just now, I went to the garden to have a rest because I was hungry andthirsty. I didnt want to disturb Meng Jiangnu. I told her that I was guiltyagain and again. Meng Jiangnu saw that Wan Xis conscience was well written andpolite, and that she was honest and honest.
Old man Meng sympathizes with Wan Xiliang, so he stays with him. MengJiangnu expresses her heart to her father. Old man Meng agrees with him verymuch, so he comes to the front hall and says to Wan Xiliang, "you are in exilenow, and there is no fixed place. I want to recruit you as my son-in-law. Whatdo you think?" Wan Xiliang leaves his seat and says, "Im a fugitive. Im afraidIll implicate the young lady in the future. ”But Meng Jiangnu has decided notto marry Xi Liang, and WAN Xiliang finally agrees. Old man Meng was so happythat he couldnt close his mouth. He quickly negotiated with the Jiang family tochoose an auspicious day to marry them. Waiting for revenge.
There is a scoundrel in mengjiazhuang. He likes to flirt with others andhas nothing to do. He has come to the door many times to ask for marriage. Butold man Meng refuses. He has a grudge. Now he hears about Wan Xiliangs affair,so he secretly goes to the government to tell the secret and takes the officersand soldiers to arrest people. At this time, the Meng family was still in thedark. They had just been married for three days, and they were still immersed injoy. Suddenly, the door was smashed open. A group of officers and soldiersrushed in and tied up Wan Xiliangs rope and were about to take him away. MengJiangnu rushed up and was pushed away by the officers and soldiers. She watchedher husband be taken away by the officers and soldiers. Since then, Meng Jiangnuhas been thinking about her husband day and night, not tea, not rice.
In the twinkling of an eye, winter is coming, and heavy snow is coming.Jiang NV wants her husband to build the Great Wall. Its freezing and cold. Shehas no clothes to keep out the cold, so she rushes to sew cotton padded clothesday and night, and sings her own little song: "the moon is very bright. MengJiangnvs husband builds the Great Wall. Even if he goes all the way, its astrong feeling to send his clothes." Overnight, Meng Jiangnu made cotton paddedclothes and set foot on the journey. All the way through the mountains andrivers, sleeping in the open, I dont know hunger and thirst, I dont knowfatigue, day and night constantly forward, this day finally came to the foot ofthe Great Wall.
But there are tens of thousands of people under the Great Wall. Where can Ifind them? She asks everyone. The kind-hearted people tell her that Wan Xiliangdied of fatigue and was buried in the Great Wall to build a wall. Hearing this,Meng Jiangnu felt like a knife in her heart. She asked the kind-hearted migrantworkers to lead her to the great wall where Wan Xiliang was buried. Sitting atthe foot of the city, Meng Jiangnu was filled with grief and indignation: shewanted to find her husband to give her cold clothes. She had gone through allkinds of difficulties and dangers. In the end, she couldnt even find herhusbands corpse. How could she not make her heart break. The more I think aboutit, the more I feel sad. I cry to the Great Wall day and night. I dont drink oreat. Its like crying blood cuckoos and looking at the moon. The cry moved theworld, the white clouds stopped for it, and the birds kept silent.
I cried for three days and three nights. Suddenly, I heard the roar of themountain. The earth was shaking and the rocks were flying. The great wallcollapsed 800 Li, revealing Wan Xiliangs corpse. The Great Wall fell 800 Li,which alerted the officers and soldiers, who reported it to the first emperor ofQin. The first emperor of Qin was so angry that he ordered Meng Jiangnu to bearrested. When Meng Jiangnu was arrested, the first emperor of Qin saw herbeauty and wanted to take her as the empress of the palace. Meng Jiangnu said,"if you want me to be your mother, you have to do three things first: first,build a long bridge, ten miles long and ten miles wide; second, build a gravemound on a ten mile square mountain; third, live long and wear mourning to myhusbands grave." Qin Shihuang thought about it and agreed. In a few days, allthe tombs and mounds of the long bridge had been built. Wearing hemp clothes,the first emperor of Qin set out in line to cross the long bridge on the greatwall and come to the grave to pay a memorial ceremony. After the sacrifice, QinShihuang asked Meng Jiangnu to follow him back to the palace. Meng Jiangnusneered and said, "you are fatuous and cruel. You have done harm to all thepeople in the world. Now you have killed my husband. How can I be your mother?Dont be paranoid!" then she took her husbands remains and jumped into therough sea. For a moment, the tide rolling, empty hit the shore, as if for MengJiangnu lament.
Well, passengers, this is the end of our tour today. I hope you have theopportunity to visit other natural landscapes in China. Goodbye.
篇13:经典北京八达岭长城导游词
各位游客,大家好!我是你们的导演颜诗颖,大家可以叫我小颜或颜导。欢迎大家到八达岭观光旅游。今天有幸陪同大家一起参观,我很高兴,希望各位能在八达岭度过一段美好的时光。
游客们,在我们眼前的就是著名的八达岭长城。长城是世界闻名的八大奇迹之一,它东起山海关,西至嘉峪关,足足有一万三千多里长,像一条长龙盘旋在中国北方辽阔的土地上。它不仅是古代劳动人民的血汗和智慧的结晶,还是中国古代文化的象征和中华民族的骄傲。
游客们,现在我们已经登上了长城,您可以发现,这里是人山人海,所以各位要小心谨慎,以免发生意外。现在您向远处看,就可以发现这里的长城分为南北两峰,蜿蜒盘旋于山脊上,景色十分壮观。这高大坚固的长城是用巨大的条石和城砖筑成的。我们站在城墙顶上,您会发现这里像很宽的马路,可供五六匹马并行。现在请到我这边来,看到我身后这成排的垛子了吗?它有着两米多高,上面有瞭望口和射口,可供瞭望和射击用。现在让我们把目光转移,那高高的城台叫烽火台,它分为两层,上面是瞭望台,下层驻扎着许多士兵。士兵们一旦发现敌人,就点燃烽火,将消息传到远方。可见,烽火台在当时的军事中有着多么重要的作用。
站在长城上,踏着脚下的方砖,扶着墙上的条石,您一定会自然地想起古代修筑长城的劳动人民。我们单看这数不清的条石,一块有两三千斤重,那时候没有火车,没有起重机,就靠着无数的肩膀和无数的手,一步一步抬上这陡峭的山岭。多少劳动人民的血汗和智慧,才凝结成前不见头,后不见尾的万里长城。
现在让我来给您讲一个关于长城的故事。传说,有一对夫妻,男的叫范喜良,女的叫孟姜女,在他们结婚时,秦始皇召集百万民夫修筑长城,范喜良也被抓去了。孟姜女在家里苦苦等待夫君,日复一日,年复一年,孟姜女始终没有等到夫君。于是,孟姜女来到长城脚下万里寻夫。不料夫君早已成了一堆白骨,悲伤之下,孟姜女哭倒了长城,自己也成了望夫石。这就是《孟姜女哭长城》的故事。您听了这个故事,是不是对长城有了新的认识了呢?
篇14:介绍长城的导游词范文350字
大家好,我今天带大家去参观中国伟大的遗产——长城。
我们从远处看长城,长城像一条长龙在大山之间盘旋。登上长城,我们可以看到城墙上有许多小口子,那就是用来射箭的射口,凸起来的是垛子,士兵可以躲在哪里对外面射箭。
秦始皇建长城用了,关于长城的建筑还有一个美丽的传说呢!我来给你说一说吧:从前有一个叫范喜良的人,他有一个妻子叫孟姜女。一天,范喜良被秦始皇征去建造长城了,冬天来了孟姜女给丈夫范喜良送寒衣的时候没有看到丈夫,当他问别的民工时别的民工告诉她范喜良已经死了。孟姜女嚎啕大哭,哭倒了长城800多米。
接下来自由活动,不过要注意不要在城墙上乱涂乱画。
篇15:2024年北京慕田峪长城的导游词
慕田峪长城位于怀柔区境内,是北京新十六景之一。西接居庸关长城,东连古北口,开放的2250米长城段其特点是长城两边均有垛口,特别是正关台三座敌楼并矗,著名的长城景观箭扣、牛角边、鹰飞倒仰等位于慕田峪长城西端,是万里长城的精华所在。
慕田峪长城山峦叠嶂,植被覆盖率达90% 以上。春季,群芳射蕊,争奇斗艳;夏季,满山青翠,流水潺潺;秋季,果实累累,红叶满山;冬季,白雪皑皑,银装素裹,一派北国风光。在中外享有“万里长城慕田峪独秀”的美誉。
慕田峪长城设有国内一流的登城缆车、开发了中华梦石城、施必得滑道等项目,形成了长城文化、石文化和体育健身娱乐有机结合。英国前首相梅杰,美国前总统克林顿等多位外国首脑到慕田峪游览。
篇16:经典北京八达岭长城导游词
各位游客,大家好,这次我很荣幸能和大家一起到八达岭观光旅游,希望大家在八达岭上度过一段美好的时光。请注意不要乱扔垃圾。
长城是世界闻名的奇迹之一,它想一条长龙,盘踞在中国北方的辽阔的土地上。它是中国古代劳动人民智慧的结晶,也是我们华夏子孙的骄傲,游客们现在我们到达了八达岭长城的脚下,前面的那座山是军都山,八达岭长城就盘踞在这座山上。现在我们在八达岭长城上,向下看可以看见一个U型的城墙和抵挡敌人的瓮城,垛口处如果坏人涌进城内,将被四面守城的将士围歼,如落瓮中,所以瓮城也是长城的一个重要的主城部分。
我们再往下走可以看见上城口右边陈列着一门大炮,名为‘威大将军’。这门大炮长一米多,射程最多进500米,可见当时的军工业水平是十分优秀的。以前这是抵挡敌军的。
长城是我们中华民族的象征,全世界的文化遗产,会焕发出新的生机。以前,流传着一个叫‘孟姜女哭长城’的`故事。内容是这样的,从前有个叫孟姜女的姑娘,她和丈夫结婚的时候,几个官兵把丈夫抓到长城去做劳工,孟姜女历经千辛万苦终于到了,长城露出丈夫的尸首,她便大哭起来,哭了三天三夜,把长城一节一节的哭倒了。这个故事就发生在这里。希望这次旅游给大家留给一个美好的回忆。让我们一起度过这次愉快的旅游。
谢谢大家,本次导游结束!
中国的长城作为坚固的军事防御功能,已经永远失去了它的历史作用,但作为伟大的建筑永远屹立在中华大地。成为中华民族。团结的象征。1987年,长城被列入《世界文化遗产名录》,被专家学者称为“ 世界上最长的防御性城墙 ” 。
今天我们登上了长城,在中国的旅游界界流行着一句话 “ 不到长城非好汉 ”。现在各位都是英雄好汉了,女士们就是巾帼英雄。长城横贯中国的北部,长达6000多公里,合计12000多华里,所以叫 “ 万里长城 ”。长城与黄河被称为中国北方两巨龙。北京位于黄河以北,长城以南,俗话说 “ 万里长城万里长,遥想当年秦始皇 ”,其实长城并非起自秦始皇,应该说是起自春秋战国。
公元前221年,友好往来一举灭掉了六国,他把中国北部的旧长城连接了起来。形成了一道西起临洮,东到辽东的万里长城。这一段历史时期的长城叫做秦长城。大家听说过孟姜女哭长城的传说吗?说的是孟姜女新婚不久,他的丈夫范杞良就被抓去修长城。一去三年,没有音信。一天夜里孟姜女做了一个梦,梦见她的丈夫饥寒交迫,衣不遮体,浑身发抖。喊着说:“ 我冷啊!我冷啊! ”于是孟姜女决定千里寻夫为他送寒衣。她从江淮一带(今安徽)来到北方,沿着长城找寻她的丈夫,她四处打听,一直都没有下落。到山海关一带,一个修城的工头说,范杞良早已经死了。她悲痛欲绝,放声大哭。哭倒了长城八百里。这个传说反映了秦始皇强征民夫,横征暴敛的暴政。
到了西汉时期,汉武帝又修了一道外长城。而且,把它修到了阴山以北,可怜的匈奴人只有 “ 望队山而泣 ” 。真可谓 “ 不叫胡马度阴山 ”。这一段汉长城可以说是西起新疆境内,东经蒙古,一直到黑龙江流域长达两万余里。这一时期的长城,称为汉长城。
公元1368年,明朝皇帝朱元璋派大将徐达北筑长城,从那时起直到明朝末期,先后大修长城十八次,历时260余年。公元1500年,也就是弘治十二年,才完成了明长城的规模。它东起鸭绿江西到嘉峪关,经辽宁、河北、北京、山西、陕西、内蒙古、宁夏、甘肃等省市自治区。全长12700多华里。这一时期的长城叫明长城。就是今天我们各位看到的八达岭这一段的长城。所以说在历史上有三次筑城高潮。这就是秦长城、汉长城、明长城。
如果我们把中国历代的长城全部加起来,它遍布16个省市自治区,总长度5.4万公里,合计10.8万华里。
居庸关号称天下雄关,俗话说 “ 长城之险不在居庸关,而在八达岭 ” 。也就是说 “ 关在居庸,险在八达岭 ”。八达岭这段长城以瓮城为中心,南至七楼,北到十十楼,全长4770米。它是北京山区通向塞外的唯一通道,八达岭是居庸关的前哨阵地,取四通八达之意。由此可以通向延庆、宣化、张家口、大同、永宁、四海的交通汇集点。八达岭西有岔道城,驻兵780多人。是重要的前哨阵地。建于1531年(嘉靖三十年),而八达岭建于1505年(弘治18年),这一带的山叫做军都山,崇山峻岭,形势险要,城关重重,但它终没有挡住李自成的农民军,1644年3月18日,李自成率32万大军东度太行山,直取八达岭破居庸关。逼的明朝皇帝崇祯自缢死在煤山,推翻了明王朝。请大家看长城,在总体构造上是上窄下宽,上窄约5.8米,下宽约6.5米。它分别由四种基本的构造构成的,一,城墙;二,城台;三,关隘;四,烽火台。墙内有券门,中间有石梯相连,城墙上可容五马并走。烽火台又叫烟墩,用于传递军情。它独立于长城之外,几乎每隔一里就有一座。在万里长城上形成了千里的报警系统。每当有敌兵进犯的时候,烽火台燃起烽火,传递军情,白天点烟有枯枝柴加狼粪所以又叫狼烟,烟色浓黑冲上蓝天这叫烽;夜间点烟,必然看不风,就点火这叫燧。合起来称为烽燧。歌曲里唱的“ 狼烟遍地 ”也就是战争爆发了。明朝规定来犯敌兵百余人点一烟,鸣一炮;五百人左右,两烟两炮;千余人以上,三烟三炮;五千人以上,四烟四炮;万人以上,五烟五炮。各位听说过烽火戏诸侯的故事吗?说的是西周的时候,周幽王为此烦恼,不知如何使她笑起来,这时有位拍马屁的大臣说,您可以在骊山的烽火台上燃起烽火,各位诸侯必然闻讯来救,当他们看到没有敌人,场面必然十分尴尬。果然当周幽王燃起烽火的时候,各路诸侯以为就师告急,空忙一场,看到各路诸侯狼狈的样子,褒姒不禁一笑,周幽王大喜,各路诸侯愤然而去。后来,西戎族真的来攻打京师了,周幽王燃起烽火求救,结果各路诸侯按兵不动,其下场是周幽王被杀,而褒姒被俘,这就是历史上的“ 周幽王烽火戏诸侯,褒姒一笑失天下 ” 。
篇17:2024年长城的导游词
各位旅客:
大家好!毛主席在诗词中说:“不到长城非好汉。”我们今天都来到了长城,恭喜大家都成了“好汉”!
现在我来介绍一下长城的历史。长城始建于春秋战国(公元前770——公元前476)时期,那时各诸侯国为了相互防御,都在自己境内险要的地方修长城。秦始皇统一中国以后,为防御北方匈奴的入侵,将各个诸侯国的长城连接起来,并将其延长。到了明代,又进行了大规模的修缮。长城东起山海关,西到嘉裕关,全长一万三千里,这就是举世闻名的万里长城,已列入了《世界遗产名录》。
我国古代的劳动人民在没有汽车、火车,没有起重机,全靠着他们无穷的智慧、拼搏的血汗、无数的肩膀和无数的手,才建成了世界上这气魄雄伟的大工程,这是多么伟大啊!在建造中,也牺牲了很多人,孟姜女哭长城就是一个例证。
现在,我们就站在八达岭长城上,请大家尽情观赏吧!请注意不要爬高,不要走得太远,不要在城墙上刻字,大家一起来保护长城!
篇18:有关长城导游词500字
大家好,我是你们的导游,你们也能够叫我小泽,你们眼前的就是万里长城。然后我感到十分荣幸!那么我们就开始长城之旅吧!
那我来为你们介绍一下万里长城,万里,万里长城是有垛子、了望台、射口、堡垒。然后了望口是观察敌人的状况的,射口是射击用的,堡垒是保护好人的因为堡垒很坚固。
站在长城上,踏着脚下的方砖,扶着墙上的条石自然的想起古代修筑长城的劳动人们来。当看这数不清的条石,一块有两千斤重,那时候没有火车,汽车,没有期中机,然后就靠着无数的肩膀和手,一布一步的抬上这峭的山岭。多少劳动人们的血汗和智慧,才凝结这前不见头、后不见尾的万长城。
这样气魄雄伟地工程,在世界历史上是一个伟大的奇迹。
篇19:长城简介导游词
各位游客:
你们好,欢迎你们来到北京旅游,我是你们的导游__x。
从八达岭长城往南,沿著名的“关沟”直下约5公里的中间地带,就是明万里长城最负盛名的雄关之一——居庸关。居庸关自古就是今北京地区西北的屏障。
如果说八达岭是西北进入北京的第一道门户的话,这里就是第二道门户。居庸关两侧高山耸立,翠峰重迭,峭壁陡不可攀。中间一径相通,地势十分险要。成书于战国时期的《吕氏春秋》中就有“天下九塞,居庸其一”的记载。
居庸关在漫长的岁月中,虽始终是兵防重镇,却屡易其名,三国时称“西关”,北齐时改“纳款关”,唐时又先称“蓟门关”,后改为“军都关”,由辽以后经金、元、明、清至今,一直称谓“居庸关”。秦时,虽然秦始皇所修长城不经过这里,但此地已是秦军都县和居庸县的关口。到北魏时期的公元446年,这里才开始有了长城。公元555年,北齐政权所修长城也曾经过这里。此时,居庸关才真正成为长城线上的一个重要隘口。明朝建立之初,就于洪武三年(公元1370年)派开国元勋徐达修筑了居庸关关城。关城两侧的长城城墙,紧接关城向两翼山上延伸,其形如大鹏展翅。城墙随山势地形而筑,在山巅平缓处的垛口为“凹”字形,墙筑在陡峭山坡,垛口为台阶式,呈锯齿状。关城设南北二门,街长二里余,南门筑有瓮城。垛口、射洞齐备,咽喉通道穿入南北门。具有“一夫当关,万夫莫开”之险。它与明长城的倒马关和紫荆关合称为“内三关”。
居庸关云台位于居庸关城的中心,为一过街塔基座,用汉白玉砌成。建于元至元五年(公元1345年)。台上原矗立三座石制-塔,俗称“过街塔”。塔在元末明初时先后被毁。明正统四年(公元1439年),在台上重建寺院,名泰安寺。寺又于清代康熙四十一年(公元1702年)被焚毁。现存塔基高9.5米,下基东西长26.84米,南北长17.57米。台顶四周安设有雕刻精美的石护栏及排水龙头。台座正中间南北各开一券门,券洞为八边折角式拱券,这是我国仅存的宋、元以前城关门洞的建筑形式。券面及券洞内雕有迦楼罗(金翅鸟)、大龙神、卷叶花等。券洞内左右两壁,刻有属于-教内容的佛教图像,如四大天王像,以大鹏、鲸鱼等六种形象组成的法相饰“六〓具”等。四大天王之间,布满了用梵、藏、八思巴、维吾尔、汉、西夏西夏六种文字刻写的佛经,以及用汉文刻写的《造塔功德记》。券洞顶部雕刻有10尊坐佛和若干小佛像,还雕刻有各种花草图案。
居庸关,是京北长城沿线上的著名古关城,"天下九塞"之一,"太行八陉"之八,国家级文物保护单位。
关城所在的峡谷,属太行余脉军都山地,西山夹峙,下有巨涧,悬崖峭壁,地形极为险要。居庸关与紫荆关、倒马关、固关并称明朝京西四大名关,其中居庸关、紫荆关、倒马关又称内三关。
庸关在北京市昌平县境内,形势险要,自古为兵家必争之地。有南北两个关口,南名“南口”,北称“居庸关”。居庸关两旁,山势雄奇,中间有长达18公里的溪谷,俗称“关沟”。这里清流萦绕,翠峰重迭,花木郁茂,山鸟争鸣。绮丽的风景,有“居庸叠翠”之称,被列为“燕京八景”之一。居庸关的中心有一个“过街塔”基座,名“云台”,取其“远望如在云端”之意。云台创建于元至正二至五年(1342一1345年),是用汉白玉石筑成的,台高9.5米,上顶东西宽25.21米,南北长12.9米;下基东西宽26.84米。南北长15.57米,上小下大,平面呈矩形。台顶四周的石栏杆、望柱、栏板、滴水龙头等建筑,都保持着元代的艺术风格。台基中央有一个门洞,门道可通行人、车、马。云台可谓是元代一座大型的石雕艺术精品。云台上原建有三座白色喇嘛塔,可惜毁于元末明初。此后在台基上建了“泰安寺”,清康熙四十一年(1702年),寺遭火焚,仅存云台。现在台顶上的柱础,就是明代泰安寺殿字的遗物。
居庸关附近,还有“仙枕石”、“五郎庙”、“六郎寨”、“弹琴峡”、“望京石”、“天险”、“穆桂英点将台”、“詹天佑铜像”等景点,增添了这座雄关的风采。1992年昌平区十三陵特区办事处为保护文物,对关城建筑进行了全面修复,再现了昔日的雄姿。关城附近自然景观十分壮美,早在金明昌年间(公元1190—1195年)“居庸叠翠”之名已列入“燕山八景”。
居庸关在距北京市区50余公里外的昌平县境内。相传秦始皇修长城时,将囚犯、士卒和强征来的民夫徙居于此,后取“徙居庸徒”之意,故名居庸关。汉代沿称,此后各代仍称居庸关口这里山峦间花木郁茂葱笼,仿如碧波翠浪,故有“居庸叠翠”之称。居庸关形势险要,自古为兵家必争之地,它有南北两个关口,南名“南口”,北称“八达岭”。居庸关两旁山势雄奇,中间有长达18公里的溪谷,俗称“关沟”。这里清流萦绕、翠峰重叠、花木郁茂、山鸟争鸣,被列为“燕京八景”之一。
居庸关长城所在的峡谷,属太行余脉军都山地,地形极为险要。早在春秋战国时代,燕国就要扼控此口,时称“居庸塞”。汉朝时,居庸关城已颇具规模。南北朝时,关城建筑又与长城连在一起。此后历唐、辽、金、元数朝,居庸峡谷都有关城之设。
居庸关长城在北京昌平县境内,距北京市区60公里,是长城的一个重要关口,古代北京西北的重要屏障,形势险要。然而,这个汉代关始设立的开口,历尽沧桑,残损严重,渐渐失
居庸关长城(4张)去公众的关注。历时4年、耗资上亿元的居庸关长城修复工程已竣工,居庸关长城已于1998年3月正式对游人开放。
游览居庸关主要是观赏那高六雄伟的关城和连锦起伏的垛口,以及云台精美石雕。
关城:明代居庸关有南北雨个外围关口,南边的叫南口,北边的为八达岭口(北口),关城就设在南口北边的峡谷(关淆)中。城设南北门,南门筑有瓮城,一条困喉通道穿入南北门。关城两旁高山耸立,重因叠蟑,林木葱郁,早在800多年前的金代,就被列为燕京八景之一,称为「居庸叠翠」。
云台:在关城的中心,有一座雕刻精美的汉白玉石台,名为「云台」,建於元代至正五年(公元1 345年),原是建筑物的台基,台上先后建有过街塔、泰安寺,现仅存星座。云台的雕刻集中在券门和券洞内。券门雨侧到有金刚杵及各种兽类浮雕,正中刻有金翅鸟王;券洞内壁有四六天王浮雕及汉、藏、回、蒙、梵、西夏6种文字所到的《陀罗尼经咒》和《造塔功德记》。券顶布满曼陀罗花及小佛像,雕刻极为精致。
建筑特点
1.呈圆周封闭形建筑形式;
2.宽窄、高低变化大,最宽16.7米,最窄1.2米。东山长城比河 居庸关长城
套长城高出370米左右。墙体内侧低,外侧高,外侧叫垛口墙,内侧叫女墙或宇墙,可以有效地抗击敌人;
3.建筑结构形式多样,是整个长城建筑的精华,在清理基址时发现有花岗岩条石垒成的,有碎石块砌成的,有砖砌的,说明它的建筑年代不同;
4.军事防御范围广,周围面积50多公顷,南北券城相距约850米左右,东山顶至西山顶直线距离1150米,防御设施有南、北券城、城楼、水门、水闸、敌楼、铺房、烽隧、角楼、炮台等。长城上的敌楼、烽燧、铺房,是古代打仗时作为掩体和士兵居住的地方,共修复了25座,这些按明代规制烧的城砖,都是靠人工、牲畜往上运送材料。高大雄伟的城楼,南北各有一座,楼为三重檐歇山式绿琉璃瓦翦边,高21米,下面城台高10米。城楼是指挥作战的中心,所以建造高大。站在楼上,可以一目了然,有利于观敌情。城台下面有券门通瓮城。瓮城即大城门外的月城,用以增强城池的防御力量。
景点
券城与南北关
南关瓮城呈马蹄形,南关主城门南北走,向上有重檐歇山城楼一座,自地面计算高31.8米,瓮城西侧有瓮城城门通往关城向南的大道,在弧形瓮城城台上设有炮台,陈列着明代古灯,外墙有垛口,内侧墙低矮无垛口。作战时可将敌人诱入瓮城,主城关闭阻其入城,再放瓮城闸门,敌人就被困在瓮城里,只能束手就擒,有“瓮中捉鳖”之意,因此得名瓮城,在瓮城之中建有一座福佑关城的关王庙。北关与南关作用相同,呈长方形的瓮城上设有炮台,瓮城城门朝向北侧,北瓮城中建有北方镇守大神真武庙,庙内供有十二生肖神,水火。
古炮
资料图片在居庸关南券城和北券城城墙之上,分别陈列5门古炮。南券城陈列“大将军铁炮”2门,长1.7米,炮口口径8厘米。“竹节铁炮”3门,长1.7米,炮口口径15厘米;北券城陈列“大将军铁炮”2门,长1.77米和1.79米,炮口口径7厘米。“竹节铁炮”3门;长为1.08米、1.5米、1.7米,炮口口径为14厘米和8厘米。明代是我国古代大炮制铸和使用最兴盛时期。元朝末年,朱元璋起义,和州人焦立向他呈献十支新式武器“火铳”。用火药发射铁弹丸,当时称为“火龙枪”。明朝建立以后,专门设有兵仗军器局,研制铸造大炮。大炮被称为“神威大将军”。在军队中,设有使用大炮的军机营。京城卫戎,长城关口要冲,配备神机营。明成祖时,下令在长城沿线安置大炮。还“佛郎机”“神枪”“铁铳”等。《明史.兵志》记载,到了明代中叶,大炮的铸造工业逐于精良,制造出的“红夷大炮”长可二丈有余,重三千斤。发之洞裂石城,声震数十里。这种炮,有照门和准星用于瞄准,射程可达500多米。在修复居庸关北关城时,发掘出土石炮弹23枚,最大直径为15厘米,铁炮弹6枚,最大直径5厘米。[1]
云台石刻
云台石刻堪称一绝,券门内两侧右壁及顶部遍刻佛像,佛像造型生动,雕刻技艺高超,六种文字的石刻经文、咒语为历史研究提供了难能可贵的资料。据专家考证,石刻造像具有典型的藏传佛教萨迦教派的特征。进入券门两壁刻四大天王像。天王身躯高大,怒目圆睁,并有厉鬼在其左右,是护持佛法,镇守国家四方的尊神。据说明朝正德年间,武宗皇帝朱厚燳微服出游,夜间骑马偷偷混出居庸关时,他的坐骑见到四大天王像,吓得不敢前行。无奈之下武宗下令用烟火把像熏黑了,才得以出关。
券门两壁四天王的空间处,有用梵、藏、八思巴、畏兀儿、西夏、汉等六种文字镌刻的《如来心经》经文、咒语、造塔功德记等,西夏文是纪录我国古代党项族语言的文字,创制于公元1036—1038年间,当时约有六千多字流行。八思巴文是元世祖忽然必烈命其帝师八思巴创立的蒙古新字。它脱胎于藏文,采用拼音的方式书写,并于公元1269年颁诏推行。以上两种文字流传时间很短便废弃不用,而保存下来的石刻文字对破译古代文字,以及研究西夏、蒙古历史都提供了非常珍贵的实物资料。
居庸关
居庸关券门顶部刻有五个曼荼罗,即五组圆形图案式佛像,佛界称其为坛场。坛场的设立有保护众佛修炼铁,防止魔众侵犯的意思。五曼荼罗的主尊佛像,由北往南依次为:释迦牟尼佛(如来佛)、阿弥陀佛(菩萨形)、阿佛(菩萨形)、金刚手菩萨、普明菩萨。其中除释迦牟尼为佛祖之外,其他四菩萨在此显现,则有四方教主的意思。五曼荼罗连同其他佛像,共197尊。
券顶两侧的斜面上,刻有十方佛,在每方佛的周围还分别刻有小佛102座,共计小佛1020座,取共千佛之意。这些小佛,是明朝正统年间,修建泰安寺(1443—1449年)时,由镇守永宁(今延庆县境)的太监谷春主持补刻的。连同十方佛下的菩萨、比丘,券项两侧部共有刻像1060尊。
券门的南北券面上,雕刻着造型独特、别具一格的一组造像,其中有大鹏、鲸鱼、龙子、童男、兽王、象王等等,佛界称其为“六拿具”。大鹏寓意慈悲鲸鱼为保护之相,龙子表示救护之意,童男骑在兽王上自然是寓意福资在天,而象王则有温驯善师的含意,券面最下端的石刻纹饰为交杵,又称羯魔杵、金刚杵。原本为古印度的一种兵器,在此为断烦恼、伏恶魔,护持佛法的法器。鉴于云台刻石造像的历史与文物价值,1961年,经国务院批准,云台刻石造像被列为第一批全国重点保护文物。
真武庙(1996年修复)
明洪熙元年(1425年)建。真武庙所祀主神为真武大帝。真武即玄武,是中国古代神话中的北方之神,道教所奉的神。相传古净乐国王的太子,生而神猛,越东海来游,遇天神授宝剑,入湖北武当山修炼,经42年而功成,白日飞升,威镇北方,号玄武君,宋代皇帝因避其祖赵玄朗名讳,改玄武为“真武”。宋真宗时尊为“镇天真武灵应圣帝君”,简称“真武帝君”。元朝时加封真武为“元圣仁威玄天上帝”,成为北方最高神。明代对真武信仰达到鼎盛。朱棣称帝后,特加封真武为“北极镇天真武玄天上帝”,并将其所谓修炼之地——武当山赐名“大岳太和山”。相传,洪武初大将军徐达北征“屡有真武灵助之”,因而在关内修建此庙。修复的庙内有道教真武神八大元帅、六丁六甲神将、水火二将和青龙、白虎等神像。
城隍庙
这组庙宇规模较大。城隍是道教所传守护城池的神。中国古代称有水的城堑为“池”,无水的城堑为“隍”。据说三千多年前的周代,除夕要祭祀八种神,其中就有城神、隍神。以后两神合二为一,就成为城池之神了。道教认为城隍是剪恶除凶、护城安民之神,能应人之求,旱时降雨,涝时转晴,以保五谷丰登,百姓安泰。
最早是三国东吴时,在安徽芜湖建城隍神庙,以供拜祭。到了唐代,祭祀城隍逐渐普遍,人们把一些在地方有功的开明人士死后奉为城隍神,希望他能继续福佑乡土,保护百姓。宋代祭祀城隍更是遍行各乡。到了明朝,明太祖元璋即位不久,就下令在都城南京修建规模宏大的城隍庙,并颁布城隍神的封号爵级,敕封京城城隍为帝,开封临濠等地的城隍为王;府级城隍为威灵公,官居二品,州级城隍为显佑伯,官居四品,并按照级别,配制服饰。另外,城隍还管领亡魂。朱元璋还为城隍组织了一套机构,设有判官和衙役,道教乘机声称“城隍老爷”有权拘捕活人到阴间,死人的阴魂也都首先到城隍庙去接受审问。新官上任必须斋戒沐浴去祭祀城隍庙后,方得进衙理事,每月初一、十五还得前往祭拜。
朱元璋如此重视城隍神是有他的目的的。朱元璋曾对大学士宋濂透露过心里话:“朕立城隍神,使人知畏,人有所畏,则不敢妄为”。说穿了,大肆鼓吹神鬼的威力,不过是震慑臣民,目的是巩固封建统治。居庸关的城隍庙建于明洪武年间(1368-1397年)。清代乾隆三十年(1765年)重修。在这里建置城隍庙除为了护佑关城外,还有约束军民的用意。这次修复是1996年,庙内塑有城隍、阎王、山神、地神等神像。
水门
居庸关地形险要两侧高山,中间一水,水道,南北方向贯穿关城。长城与河道交叉之处,建有双孔圆拱水门,水门上有闸楼,内设水闸,借此控制门内外水量。洪水季节打开闸口,泻洪,枯水季节,储备河水供关城使用。水门桥墩为南北尖状,以利于减少洪水对水门的作用力,起到了防止毁坏,延长使用时间的作用。
篇20:有关长城导游词500字
大家好!我是你们今天的导游,我叫毛万亮,你们可以叫我毛导。在游览长城之前我要向大家提个小小的建议:我们要保护历史文物请不要在城砖上乱涂乱画,不要乱扔垃圾。
游客们,让我们一起登上这前不见头后不见尾的万里长城。游客们请大家看我们的脚下,光看这数不清的调试一块就有两三千金重,那时候没有火车、汽车、没有起重机,就靠着无数的肩膀无数的手,一步一步的抬上这陡峭的山岭。
这长城上凝结着古代劳动人民的血汗和智慧。这里每隔三米就有一个方形的烽火台,那是屯兵的堡垒,打仗的时候城台之间可以互相呼应。这里还有一个关于长城的传说:“传说在修长城的时候只有60岁的老人和小孩不去修长城,其他的青年都的去修长城。一个叫范喜郎的青年刚刚结婚三天就被抓去修长城。
他的新婚妻子孟姜女千里迢迢去看丈夫,谁知范喜郎已被活活埋在了长城里,孟姜女就在长城脚下哭了整整三天三夜,就在第四天只听”轰隆“一声长城倒了八百里。”这就是有名的“孟姜女哭长城”的神话传说……游客们今天的游览就到此结束。我祝大家吃好,休息好,明天再见!