昆明导游词英文介绍经典20篇

大家好，我是你们的导游周鑫，今天，我来给你说一说长城，请跟我来，这就是世界建筑奇迹之一的万里长城，中国的长城共有近一万公里东起河北秦皇岛的海关，西到嘉峪关，这是明代修建长城的第二个最大的关口。

请大家跟我去长城的上面去，长城的大部分是公元1540年前后，明代时修建的，距今已有450年的历史，所以我们要爱护长城。

下面，大家跟我一起做车到八达岭去看看，这就是八达岭，它是北京比较著名的长城，它高大坚固，是用巨大的条石和城砖筑成的。城墙顶上铺着方砖，十分平整，像很宽的马路，五六匹马可以并行。城墙外沿有两米多高的成排的垛子，垛子上有方形的撩望口和射口，共撩望和射击用。

长城为什么这样伟大?下面由我给你们解释。

古代交通运输工具极其落后的情况下，修建如此巨大的工程，实在是一件了不起的事。特别是它不是一般的墙，而是整齐大条石和结实的青砖切成的。有人计算，如果把长城所用的砖石和土方，筑成一道2米厚.千米高的围墙，可是绕地球一周了。

所以我们一定要让过去的劳动人民的精神一代一代地传下去。好了，现在可以自由的玩了，不过大家要注意安全，祝你们玩的开心。

就在碧溪草堂之畔，有一株老迈而苍劲的龙眼。细心留意一下，这棵树的树干只剩下几层树皮连着上面的树枝，而上面却枝叶茂盛，它们之间只靠树皮上的气根相连，实属罕见。据说是当年的龙家主人亲手种下的，至今已有210多年了，是清晖园中最老的一棵古树。老树每个枝上有十二片叶子，至今仍每隔一年就会开花结果一次。据品评古树的专家所说，这老树很有灵气，护佑了当年龙氏居住于清晖园中的五代子孙可以繁荣昌盛呢。

突出水池的是澄漪亭，临水一面刻有“临江缘山池沿钟天地之美，揽英接秀苑令有公卿之才”的对联，此联原为龙渚惠岳父、顺德咸丰探花、礼部兼工部右侍郎、大书法家李文田所书，因日久而损毁，现挂的是广东书法家关晓峰重写的。这个澄漪亭最大的特色在于它的门窗，八扇巨大的屏门一旦打开，亭外的景色尽览无遗。即使是关起门窗来，上面镶嵌的“明瓦”也可透进光线，显得古朴幽雅。这种明瓦是用贝壳磨薄制成的一种很有岭南地方特色的天然材料。这些门窗上、天花内的贝壳，都有是明朝后期一直保留到今天的古物，已有三百多年的历史，可算得上是清晖园内最有发言权的历史见证人。

绕着荷花池走了一大圈，我们从这一扇小门转过去，就可发现这里面别有洞天，已是清晖园的“读云轩”景区了。大家请回身看看刚才走过的小门，这可是清晖园现今保存最古老的门口，建于清代嘉庆年间，门额上面“清晖园”三字是按李兆洛的真迹托版。大家觉得这几个字与正门口的题字在书法方面是不是如出一辙呢?站在这个小天井里，左边墙上是一幅栩栩如生的灰塑，名为《白木棉九如图》，画面上九尾大金鱼活灵活现，左上角数杂白木棉含苞待放。据长者回忆，清晖园古时有三大宝：大金鱼、白木棉、百寿图。遗憾的是，时过境迁，现今只存百寿图了。因此重修清晖园时特别制作了这幅灰塑，以为纪念。

再看面前这个种上了夹墙竹的椭圆形的漏窗，竹影斑斑中可以看到墙外的池塘、对岸的回廊，配合了池塘对面一副康有为真迹托版的对联，上书“风静带兰气，日长娱竹阴”。这副对联正好点出了清晖园景色的自然之趣。小天井左右两边的回廊把读云轩盘绕在绿池之畔。就这一个小天井，各位就可以看出园主造园时巧妙的心思了。

各位团友，现在请随我入寺参观。这是天王殿，于1925年重建的，1981年中国佛教协会会长赵朴初题写了“天王殿”匾额。天王殿里，除四大天王外，中间还有笑口常开的弥勒佛，他的身后是护法韦驮。四大天王又称护世天王，中国称四大金钢，有坚固、锐利、无坚不摧之意：东方持国天王，身白，手持无弦琵琶，意为“弦弹破苦”;南方增长天王，身青，手持无鞘剑，意为劈开爱锁情枷，斩尽妖魔;西方广目天王，身红，右手绕无鳞龙，左手念珠，叫吞龙吐珠，意即如意吉祥;北方多闻天王，身绿，右手持无骨伞，左手握银鼠，意为苦海慈航。这些法器，均有含义：剑，锋也，谐喻“风”;琵琶，暗指“调”;伞，隐喻“雨”;龙，有通的含义，暗指“顺”。“风调雨顺”乃万事如意，国泰民安!而盘坐殿正中的叫弥勒佛。相传弥勒佛出生于印度一个婆罗门家庭，后来出家拜佛为师，佛预言他将继承释迦弁尼为未来佛。我们看到的这位弥勒佛已经不是印度的弥勒佛，相传他是我国五代后梁时，明州(今宁波)奉化人，名契此。他常常荷一布袋，云游四方，无忧无虑，自由自在，劝人信佛，且总是眉开颜笑，和善待人，因而人们称他“布袋和尚”。布袋和尚在岳林寺磐石上坐化时念一偈：“弥勒真弥勒，分身千百亿，时时示世人，世人自不识。”人们这才醒悟他是弥勒佛的化身。人们也常用“开口常笑笑天下一切可笑之人，大肚能容容天下一切难容之事。”来形容他。

弥勒佛身后的韦驮，按佛教寺院的规矩，韦驮面朝大雄宝殿的释迦弁尼，身着甲胄，手持降魔金刚杵，其意是保护佛祖，驱除邪魔。韦驮英勇善战，威镇八方，饰以童子面相，表明其有赤子之心。传说如果韦驮手持着地金刚杵，表示寺庙是子孙庙，对外来云游僧不开放，至多只能在寺中吃两餐，不得留宿;假如金刚杵是横放在韦驮的手臂上，表示寺庙是十方丛林，游僧可免费食宿;若韦驮左手卡腰，右手握金刚杵过额就说明这寺庙对游僧要适当收费。南普陀寺原为世袭制子孙庙，韦驮的金刚杵是着地的，改为十方丛林制后，金刚杵没有改为横放在手臂上，仍保持原样。按十方丛林的寺规，云游僧人是可以免费食宿的。江苏常州天宁寺的韦驮是坐着的，全国独一无二。据说乾隆出巡江南，行至常州天宁寺，参拜佛祖时，发现韦驮在侧，顺时说了一名：韦驮，你跑得快，到天津买“狗不理”来吃，说完就径直往寺后方丈室饮茶去了。待乾隆从方丈室出来时，韦驮手托冒着热气的“狗不理”，跪在呈上，满头是汗。乾隆见状说：累成这样，赐你坐下。从此，天宁寺的韦驮是坐着的。

我去过很多地方，有辽阔的滨海城市大连，与时俱进的香港，先进的魅力古城上海，绿树成荫的美妙城市广州。但我还是喜欢辽阔的兴凯湖。

先来介绍一下，兴凯湖，又名新开湖，是国家三A级重点景区之一。占地面积大概4380平方公里。我能去真是很荣幸啊!

兴凯湖的景色很美，湖水一眼望不到边，海天相接，像大海一样辽阔。湖的那边，就是邻国的俄罗斯了。湖水是深蓝色的，不时有白色的浪花拍打着我们的小腿，可凉快了!阵阵的海风吹来，使人抛掉了所有烦恼。站在岸边有一种快乐潇洒的感觉。

兴凯湖的水很深，刚开始走上被海水覆盖的沙子是软软的，我猜就是很细腻的沙子。慢慢地走的离沙滩越来越远，就感觉脚好像被划了几个大口子一样的疼。我猜那可能就是沙子里有好多石头!那里的浪花挺大的呢!我和天天一起在海边挖沙坑，不过，一会沙坑里面就全是水了。再过一会儿，沙坑就奇迹般的“消失”了。妹妹还问我：“姐姐，沙坑哪去了?”我笑着说：“呵呵，其实是海水里面的沙子和我们挖出去的沙子都被填到了沙坑里呀!”妹妹似懂非懂的点了点头。

我到那里很开心，那里可以堆沙堡、扬水花、游泳，我最喜欢的就是吃千层饼与鸡肉!最重要的是，我是和我4岁的天天表妹一起去的!

兴凯湖是个美妙又神奇的地方!下回我依然要去!

大家去过北京恭亲王府吗?如果没去过，那就让我来当一回导游吧!

恭亲王府原是“千古第一贪”的和王申的家，后被嘉庆帝立下二十四条罪状，抄了他的家充公。因最后一任主人是恭亲王爱新觉罗·奕讠斤，所以称为恭亲王府。

北京城两龙脉，一是京城中轴线，二是护城河。故宫就坐落在中轴线的头上。而恭亲王府就坐落在两龙脉相交之处。和王申曾大言不惭说：“皇上坐龙头，我坐龙尾。龙头虽掌大局，却还要龙尾行大事。”听听，和王申野心之勃勃，真不愧“千古第一贪”!

恭亲王府内，有九千九百九十九只“蝙蝠”。这“蝙蝠”并不是真实的蝙蝠，而形似蝙蝠的建筑。和王申想让自己很幸福，便取“福”的谐音字“蝠”，建了九千九百九十九只“蝙蝠”。

进门后，首先映入眼帘的，便是一只硕大的“蝙蝠”。这是一只形似蝙蝠的池塘，名曰“福池”。池岸边随意错落着假山碎石。福池周围栽满了榆树，榆树的果、叶形似铜钱，每当铜钱般的果、叶掉入福池时，和王申就会笑哈哈：“天上掉下的钱，进入我的‘聚宝盆’，地上的钱也是流入我和王申的囊袋中。”这话可真不假!

我们顺着福池潺潺流水走，便来一扇门前。这是一扇精美绝伦的西洋门，色彩鲜艳，做工精细。据说这也是他二十四条罪状之一。因为这一扇西洋门是仿造皇家园林——万寿园里的西洋门造的。

进了西洋门，绕过“送子观音”石雕，便是和王申家的戏园了。戏园前是一片花园，修剪整齐的灌木丛中开着些许花儿。《环珠格格》中“香妃戏蝶”这出戏就是在这里拍摄的。全北京城只有两处是满地青砖，一是故宫的太和殿，二便是和王申家的戏台了。因为青砖的扩音效果十分好，所以在戏台上唱戏不需要任何扩音工具，偌大的戏场人人都能听到音乐，能站在遍地青砖的戏台上为和王申等权贵大臣唱戏也是一种殊荣了。

穿过雕刻精细的朱栏长廊，便来到了和王申的书斋。书斋四面假山竹林环合，清幽宁静。整个恭亲王府，就它不是用石砖砌的。这座书斋是用一种特殊的竹料建成的，冬暖夏凉，和王申最爱待在这里了。

出书斋，前面那座十分大气的建筑就是正殿——和王申会客的地方。要上正殿，有一条很特别的路，只有一节阶梯，然后就是一条笔直平缓的坡路，因为和王申说过他这一世，只有年少时吃过苦，然后就一路平步青云，登上了“一人之下，万人之上”的权势颠峰。我们可以跨过最底下的一节阶梯，免吃一点苦，直接“平步青云”。

有这样一个故事：当年孝庄太后年老病重之时，极其爱戴她的皇孙——康熙帝，心情极其郁闷。他让侍女苏麻喇姑准备好纸笔，大笔一挥，写了一个“福”字。写完之后，玄烨和苏麻喇姑看着那个“福”字惊呆了——那个字苍劲有力，十分潇洒。细一看，竟看见了多个词组：多田，多子，多才，多寿……这不就是皇祖母的心愿吗?康熙帝越看越满意，便命人把这个“福”字拓在一块巨石上。结果，久病多时的太皇太后很快康复了!康熙帝大喜，决定将这块饱含吉祥福瑞气息的巨石代代相传，让爱新觉罗家族世代昌盛。

只可惜传到乾隆手中，就被别人偷出了皇宫。这个人就是和王申。现在这块福石就在我们正殿脚下，只露出写有“福”字的一面。这个“福”便是恭亲王府的第一万个福，寓意“万福”。和王申还神气地说：“皇上是‘万岁’，我是‘万福’!”后来，嘉庆帝抄他家时，本想把福石搬回皇宫，可还是没有搬成。和王申太狡猾了，他用石块砌了一座形似蝙蝠的福山，在“福”字左右各砌了一条龙，寓意“龙坐江山”，嘉庆帝不想自毁“江山”，便把福石留了下来。

我们刚才是“平步青云”而上，现在让我们踏着龙脉下来吧。

再沿着福山前的池塘流水走，便可来和王申家的钓鱼池，踩着朱色石船便可来到池中心的钓鱼台，钓鱼台南面堆砌着一些奇形怪状的假山，池里长满了绿色植物。北面岩上栽满了柳树，它们阿娜多姿的身体随风摇摆，与池中冒个不停的水突眼相映成趣，就像自己来到了济南趵突泉。可我回头一看，才发现自己还没离开恭亲王府呢：钓鱼台的栏杆，牌栏上无不镂刻着只有北京恭亲王府才有的蝙蝠花纹。

钓鱼池北岸上，还有一座形状奇特的阁楼，阁楼前种满了花草树木，据说是恭亲王奕讠斤派人按慈禧太后头上的旗头形状做的。奕讠斤很是讨厌慈禧太后，说：“你把我玩弄于股掌之间，我就要在你头上作威作福!”于是，奕讠斤就建了这么一个阁楼。

游完恭亲王府，我再次回首，看着这座饱经历史风霜却风采不减当年的府邸，心中百感交集：在这里住过的人，在自己事业走到颠峰时，却不知自己也走上了权途与钱途的末路。

Dear tourists, the scenic spot we are going to visit is the Ming XiaolingMausoleum, which is located in Dulong, Mt. Zijin. Xiaoling Tomb of the MingDynasty is the joint Tomb of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, andhis Empress Ma Shi. Zhu Yuanzhang was born in 1328 to a poor peasant family inFengyang, Anhui Province. He joined Huangjue temple at the age of 17, joined thered scarf army of Guo Zixing at the end of the Yuan Dynasty in 1352, led thearmy to conquer Nanjing in 1356, and ascended the throne in 1368.

Xiaoling Mausoleum of Ming Dynasty was built in 1381. In 1382, it wasburied in empress Ma Shi. In 1398, it was buried here after Zhu Yuanzhang diedof illness. The project was not completed until 1413. It was named Xiaolingbecause Zhu Yuanzhang advocated "governing the world with filial piety" on theone hand, and because empress Ma was posthumously named "Xiaoci" on the other.Therefore, the tomb was called "Xiaoling" in the Ming Dynasty and "Xiaoling" inthe Qing Dynasty to show the difference between dynasties.

Relying on Zijin Mountain, the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum has a windingShinto. The mausoleum abides by the tradition of Chinese architecture, and itscentral axis is symmetrical. It is the first Mausoleum of Baocheng Baoding. Themausoleum shape of the former dynasty and the later Dynasty is the firstMausoleum of the Ming and Qing Dynasties for more than 600 years. As a nationalkey cultural relic protection unit, it was listed in the world cultural heritagelist in 20__.

What we see now is the first gate of the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum, dajinmen.In those days, a 45 Li external wall extended from both sides of dajinmen,including the whole Zijinshan.

The roof and gate of the old golden gate, which was covered with yellowglazed tiles, have disappeared. Only the castle and the three arches.

Over the golden gate, we came to Sifang city. It turned out to be a stelePavilion. Because the top of the pavilion was destroyed by the war in XianfengPeriod of Qing Dynasty, only four walls and four door tickets were left. Eachside is 26.86 meters long, just like an ancient castle. So Nanjing peoplecommonly call it Sifang city. There is a tablet of "the miraculous work of theXiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty" in the city, which is 6.7 meters highIts 2.08 meters high and called Mian. Its said that its one of the nine sonsof the dragon. Its very heavy. This tablet is the largest Ming tablet inNanjing. The inscription is written by Zhu Di, the founder of the Ming Dynasty.It has 2746 words and is divided into seven parts. First, it describes his lifeexperience and was born in Jurong family. Second, it asks for the peoplesorders and makes a great fortune. Third, it calms down the world, ascends thethrone and becomes emperor, cezhonggong and the crown prince, and is granted thesame surname. Fourth, it abolishes Zhongshu and sets up six departments to takecharge of military power. Fifth, it attaches importance to talents and the studyof founding a nation; 6、 He lived a simple life, and asked him to be buried withMa after his death in Xiaoling; 7. The name of 57 royal children and 144 fourcharacter eulogies, the inscription is a high praise of Zhu Yuanzhangs life.The completion of the monument of the great Ming Xiaoling was in 1413, whichmarks the end of the Ming Xiaoling project. Behind Zhu Dis great contributionto Zhu Yuanzhang, in fact, he built up his own prestige in Dashu, so as to showthe legitimacy of inheriting the throne. He originally sent tens of thousands ofmigrant workers to chisel a huge stele in the eastern suburb of Nanjing. If thecap, body and base of the stele were 72 meters high, they were too huge tocarry, so they were abandoned.

After passing the Yuhe bridge, we come to the Shinto of the XiaolingMausoleum of the Ming Dynasty. The Shinto is divided into two sections. Thefirst section is Shixiang road. On both sides of the road, there are six kindsof Stone Beasts, four in each group, standing on both sides and squatting onboth sides. Kirin is the king of animals, symbolizing the majesty of kings, andChina _ s legendary law beast, symbolizing the integrity of kings; camels arethe boats of the desert, showing the vast territory of Ming Dynasty and thetranquility of the western regions of the country; the elephant is a symbol ofthe country and the people, and the people are obedient; the unicorn is a kindof monster of Chinese mythology and legend, symbolizing the benevolence of theemperor. The last animal to see is a horse, which symbolizes loyalty to theemperor. The main purpose of placing these stone beasts on both sides of theShinto is to record Zhu Yuanzhangs achievements, to show the prosperity of theMing Dynasty, and to pray for the suppression of demons and evil spirits.

Walking along the stone statue Road, the second section of Shinto,wengzhong Road, lies ahead. There is a pair of pillar at the intersection, whichis also called Huabiao. The Shinto standing in front of the mausoleum is alsocalled lingbiao. There is the function of indicating the road here. From here,Shinto begins to turn due north. On wengzhong Road, there were two pairs ofmilitary generals, who were wearing armor and holding a wat board in theirhands. They were burly, and two pairs of civil ministers, who were wearing courtclothes and holding wat boards in their hands, were solemn. They are a pair ofyoung people and a pair of middle-aged people respectively, which indicates thatthere are successors in Daming. At the end of the Shinto Road, there is aLingxing gate with six pillars and three gates. The original gate was destroyedin the war in Xianfeng Period of the Qing Dynasty. Now the Lingxing gate isrestored in 20__ according to historical data. This is the ceremonial gate forvisiting the mausoleum.

On the east side of Shixiang Road, there is a hill called Meihua Mountain.Shinto turns a bend around Meihua Mountain. It turns out that this mountain wasthe mausoleum of Sun Quan in the eastern Wu Dynasty. During the construction ofthe Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty, someone suggested that thismausoleum should be removed. However, Zhu Yuanzhang said, "Sun Quan is also ahero. Let me see the gate." so the Shinto curved and became the natural barrierof the Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty. Now it has become a famous plumappreciation base in Nanjing.

Now we see the Jinshui bridge. Behind the Jinshui bridge is the mausoleumbuilding of Xiaoling Mausoleum of Ming Dynasty. There were five Jinshui bridgesfacing the five gates of the mausoleum palace, which were destroyed by the warin Xianfeng Period of Qing Dynasty. Only three of them were restored in QingDynasty. We can see that the stone carvings on the bridge deck and bridgefoundation are still relics of Ming Dynasty, and the bridge railings wererebuilt in Qing Dynasty. Starting from here, the building is in accordance withChinese tradition, with the north facing south and the central axissymmetrical.

Up the slope, the first thing we see is the square gate of Wenwu, which isthe gate of the mausoleum palace. Its yellow tile, red door and red wall set offeach other, showing the royal style. This gate was rebuilt in 1988 according tohistorical materials. In front of the gate, on the east side of the wall, thereis a special notice tablet, which was erected in the first year of Xuantong. Itis written in the characters of Japan, Germany, Italy, France, Britain andRussia. The content is to warn visitors to protect Xiaoling.

Entering the Wenwu square gate, we come to the Beidian. The Beidian wasoriginally the gate in front of the Xiaoling hall. Because the gate wasdestroyed in the war of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the destroyed gate wasrebuilt into a Beidian in the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty. There are fiveinscriptions in the hall. In the middle of the five inscriptions, "Zhilong Tangand Song Dynasty" is inscribed in the handwriting of Emperor Kangxi, which meansthat Zhu Yuanzhangs achievements in governing the country surpass those ofEmperor Taizong Li Shimin and Emperor Songtai in the Tang Dynasty Zhao Kuangyin.Kangxi, as the emperor of the Qing Dynasty, showed his respect and admirationfor Zhu Yuanzhang on the one hand, and on the other hand, he had his own goodintentions. At the beginning of the reign of Kangxi, the Han people did notaccept the Manchu rule. Kangxi knew that it was not enough to rely on theManchus high pressure policy alone, but also on the Han people. He visitedXiaoling of Ming Dynasty six times and five times in his life. He knelt downthree times and kowtowed nine times. In 1699, when he visited Xiaoling of MingDynasty for the third time, he wrote "Zhilong Tang and Song Dynasty" to win thehearts of the people. Next to them are two steles inscribed by Emperor Qianlongwhen he visited the mausoleum. There are also two lying steles on the back,which respectively record the first and third visits to Taizu mausoleum duringEmperor Kangxis southern tour. There are records written by Tao Dai, governorof Liangjiang and Cao Yin, weaving doctor in Jiangnan.

This building is the former site of Xiaoling hall, which is the mainbuilding of Xiaoling. You can see the three-story xumizuo platform base of theoriginal white marble. The platform base is three meters high. The four cornersof the three-story platform base are still left with stone carved head. Thereare three steps around the platform base. Its the middle of the road. On thethird floor of xumizuo is the hall of enjoyment, which is dedicated to ZhuYuanzhang and empress ma. The original palace was destroyed by the war inXianfeng Period of the Qing Dynasty. Now we can see 56 huge stone pillars on theplatform foundation, each with a diameter of 0.91 meters. Its easy to imaginehow spectacular the hall was at that time. At that time, the hall of Xiaolingwas nine rooms wide and five rooms deep, with double eaves, covered with yellowglazed tiles and a bucket arch overhanging eaves. The scale of Xiaoling was muchlarger than that of Changling Hall of Ming Chengzu in Beijing. What we see nowis the three Bay small hall restored during the reign of Tongzhi in the QingDynasty, which is not as large as before.

Passing through the inner red gate and the Shengxian bridge, the buildingin front of you is Fangcheng. Fangcheng is a huge building in front of Baoding.The outside is made of big stones and huge bricks. There are eight characterwalls on the East and west sides of Fangcheng. The four corners of the wall aredecorated with brick carvings. These brick carvings are representative works ofthe early Ming Dynasty. Passing through the 54th level corridor in the center ofFangcheng, you can see the south wall of Baocheng. On the front of the wall, youcan see that it is built with 13 layers of stones. It is said that the sevencharacters were engraved in the early years of the Republic of China to answervisitors questions.

From the East-West corridor between Baocheng and Fangcheng, you can climbto the minglou. It was originally a beautiful building with double eaves andyellow glazed tiles. It was destroyed by the war of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdomin the Qing Dynasty. Only four walls are left. In 20__, the minglou protectionproject was completed, and it has been restored. In July 20__, the minglou wasofficially opened to tourists, showing the distribution of Ming Dynasty in ChinaThere are 19 mausoleums of emperors in China.

Behind the Fangcheng is Baoding, which is a large round mound with adiameter of 325-400m. On the top of the mound are towering trees, and below itis the palace where empress Ma of Zhu Yuanzhang was buried. Baocheng is a brickcity with a circumference of 1100 meters around Baoding. The imperial mausoleumin Baoding of Baocheng city is the first mausoleum in Ming and Qing Dynastiesfor more than 500 years. Its just that the Ming Dynastys top is roughly round,while the Qing Dynastys Mausoleums top is oval.

Today, the east side of the Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty haspreserved the site of the Dongling Mausoleum of Zhu Biao, Prince of the MingDynasty.

In ancient China, the imperial mausoleum was originally built in Fangshangof Qin and Han Dynasties. The representative mausoleum was Qinshihuang Mausoleumin Shaanxi Province. In Tang Dynasty, it was changed to the mausoleum near themountain. The representative mausoleum included Tang Qianling Mausoleum of LiZhi, Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty and Empress Wu Zetian of Shaanxi Province.In Song Dynasty, the imperial mausoleum was built in Fangshang of relativelysmall scale. In Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang initiated the mausoleum form ofBaocheng Baoding mausoleum and former dynasty and later Dynasty mausoleum.

The Ming Dynasty established its capital in 1368 and perished in 1644.There were 16 emperors before and after it. Except for the Ming XiaolingMausoleum in Nanjing, the rest of the mausoleums were in Beijing. Only JianwenEmperor Zhu Yunwen had no mausoleum. Many tombs of the Ming Dynasty have left uscountless places to watch.

As the remains of Chinese culture, ancient Chinese mausoleums have leftimportant material materials for later generations to study and understandancient Chinese economy and culture. Dear tourist friends, todays visit iscoming to an end. Thank you for your cooperation in my tour guide work. Welcometo visit Ming Xiaoling again!

兴凯湖位于黑龙江省鸡西市所辖密山市境内，距离密山市区35公里左右，是古代火山爆发后，因地势陷落积水而形成;为中俄界湖，北三分之一的面积为中国，南属俄罗斯，面积为4380公里，岸线长度90公里，湖面海拔69米，最深处达10米，东西宽60 公里，南北垂直纵距140公里,北纬45°20′东经132°40′。共有九条河流注入，湖水从东北方溢出，最后流入乌苏里江。兴凯湖原为我国内湖，1860年中俄《北京条约》签定后，变成了中俄界湖。

史书记载，兴凯湖在唐代称为湄沱湖，以盛产“湄沱之鲫”驰誉。又因湖形如“月琴”，故金代有“北琴海”之称，清代改为兴凯湖。"兴凯"是满语,意为"水从高处往低处流"之意。

素有“东方夏威夷”之美称的兴凯湖由大、小两湖组成，中间被一道湖岗分开，湖岗上林木葱茏，十分秀美。小兴凯湖温柔恬静，鱼跃鸟飞，帆影点点;大兴凯湖烟波浩淼，天水一色，横无际涯，气势磅礴，被称为绿宝石。兴凯湖四季分明，春夏秋冬，把原始自然的神奇风姿呈现给世人。在生机盎然的春季，大地回春、万乌云集兴凯湖大湿地，以丹顶鹤、东方白鹳、白尾海雕、白天鹅等180多种鸟类在这里繁衍生息，形成蔚为壮观的的世界候鸟“大通道”和繁殖基地。湖中盛产的大白鱼、鲤鱼、编花、鲫鱼等也是上等佳肴。在绿意浓浓的夏季，鱼汛传来，一网下去可捕万斤鱼虾，渔民的劳动号子响彻云霄，是难得一遇的优美绝唱;千亩野生荷花盛开，又见一番美不胜收的天然景色，阵阵清香，沁人心肺;百里金滩，游人如织，在细腻的沙滩中，尽享沙滩浴去病健身之乐。在硕果累累的秋季，泛舟小兴凯湖观赏秋月，使人倍感生活美酒的甘甜醇香，登临湖畔蜂蜜山，采红叶、观山景、垂钓四大淡水名鱼兴凯湖大白鱼，又会使游人留连忘返，乐不思归。在白雪皑皑的冬季，一场冬雪过后，兴凯湖大地冰封，银装素裹，这里是南、北方人都非常向往的冰雪世界，来这里可以滑冰赏雪，破冰垂钓，体验兴凯湖之冬的神奇与神秘。

兴凯湖湖岸为细软沙滩，湖水清洁，无污染，湖水透明度1.5米至2.0米。兴凯湖以北，松阿察河以西自然形成为403平方公里的小兴凯湖，小兴凯湖与兴凯湖被一条长90公里的天然沙坝隔并，沙坝最宽处约l公里，沙岗上自然形成的各种绿树成荫，有鹿、貂、鼠、山鸡等动物繁衍生存。兴凯湖地外东北亚候鸟大通道，共有16目39科190种。其中国家一级鸟类5种，分别为丹顶鹤、东方白鹳、白尾海雕、金雕、虎头海雕。据统计兴凯湖共有鱼类6目12科65种，其中最为著名的是大白鱼和白虾。大白鱼是兴凯湖特产，被列为我国四大淡水名鱼之一。另有鲢花、鳌花、鲍鱼、鲫鱼、湖虾等，是黑龙江省主要水产养殖基地之一。兴凯湖的植物资源，共有3目104科460种，著名的有兴凯湖赤松、兴安桧柏等国家二级保护植物9种。湖水经松阿察河与乌苏里江相通。兴凯湖是一座集防洪蓄水排涝、灌溉及旅游等多功能的天然水体。1985年经黑龙江省人民政府批准建立，1994年晋升为国家级，主要保护对象为湿地生态系统和珍禽。20xx年兴凯湖国家级自然保护区晋升为国家地质公园并加入世界生物圈保护区。

Dear tourists

Hello everyone, welcome to Nanchang, the hero city. Im Xiao Li. Now let meintroduce the general situation of Nanchang, the capital of Jiangxi Province. Asthe political, economic, cultural and transportation center of the province, itis a city with a long history and glorious revolutionary tradition. It islocated in the north of central Jiangxi Province, the lower reaches of GanjiangRiver and Fuhe River, and the Poyang Lake Plain. The total area is about 7402square kilometers and the total population is about 4.62 million. The city hasfive districts including Donghu District, Xihu District, Qingyunpu District,Wanli District and Qingshanhu District, and four counties including Nanchang,Xinjian, Jinxian and Anyi. The name of Nanchang began in the Western HanDynasty, implying "Changda Nanjiang" and "prosperity of the South". Nanchang wasfounded in 2 BC___ In, Guan Ying, the famous founding General of the HanDynasty, was ordered to lead his troops to Nanchang, where Yuzhang county andNanchang County were officially established. The next year (before 201), a localcity was built in Nanchang, which was called "Guancheng". This is the beginningof Nanchang.

Nanchang city is located in the north and south traffic arteries of ourcountry. The existing water, land and air transportation network can lead to thewhole province and all parts of the country. The first plane, the first wheeledtractor, the first motorcycle and the first coastal defense missile of new Chinawere born here. In recent years, Nanchangs industrial economy has made greatprogress, initially forming five pillar industries, such as automobile, medicineand food, textile and clothing, electronic information and home appliances, newmaterials, and striving to become an important base of modern manufacturingindustry and regional economic center city. The agricultural economy and thetertiary industry also have a rapid development, business circulation is active,a prosperous scene.

Nanchang has many scenic spots and rich tourism resources. According toincomplete statistics, Nanchang has 104 tourism resources with development valueand development, including 26 natural landscapes and 28 cultural landscapes.Among them, Tengwang Pavilion, the first of the three famous buildings in thesouth of the Yangtze River, is the main representative of ancient culturaltourism, red tourism represented by the former site of Bayi Uprisingheadquarters, and green tourism represented by Meiling, Nanchang baohulu farm asthe main representative of the characteristics of leisure tourism.

Now let me briefly introduce Tengwang Pavilion, which is known as the firstfloor of Xijiang. Tengwang pavilion was built by Li Yuanying, the fourth son ofTang Gaozu Li Yuan. During the reign of Zhenguan, Li Yuanying was granted thetitle of King Teng, so it was named tengwangge. The reason why tengwangge isfamous in the world is that we have to mention Wang Bos preface to tengwangge.It is said that when the young Wang Bo was exploring for his family, he happenedto catch up with the banquet Party of Yan Boyu, the governor. He was so excitedthat he asked someone to take out his pen and ink and wrote down the preface toTengwang Pavilion on the spot. Please look here. The two lines are written onthe gate bar. The sunset and the lone duck fly together, and the autumn watergrows in the same color. These two sentences can be said to be the best of allages and have been handed down to this day.

Nanchang food is very special. Here we can taste some special dishes, suchas Chenhao fried bacon, Poyang Lake lion head, three cups of chicken, three cupsof dog meat, three cups of foot fish, Huangqin roast brine, Gan flavor milk dogmeat, fermented wax gourd circle, five yuan Longfeng soup, etc. We can alsotaste some folk snacks, such as Nanchang rice noodles, stone street Mahua,hometown Guoba, spicy hot and fried snacks.

大家好，我们现在所在的地方是闻名天下的莫高窟。莫高窟地处敦煌，它和鸣沙山、月牙泉一样是敦煌著名的旅游景点，还是我国被联合国教科文组织列入《世界遗产名录》中29处景观之一的文化遗产。

莫高窟俗称千佛洞，位于鸣沙山东麓。洞窟始凿于公元4世纪，至14世纪结束，前后延续约一千年。莫高窟是一座灿烂辉煌的建筑，是绘画和雕塑之宫，是中国现在石窟中规模最大、内容最多的石窟。

游客们，现在所在的地点是莫高窟的大门，在我们眼前有二座双塔，背后整面山体都是一层层藏洞，从远处望去就像一座高楼，一屋屋、一间间。洞里藏有许多宝藏、经卷、文书等。最多最醒目的是壁画，特别突出的是飞天壁画形象。

各位游客，你们有没有发现壁画大多是残缺不全的，那是因为一百多年前曾经遭到过几次劫难，被外国人盗走许多珍藏，现在给人们留下许多的遗憾。我在这里也要呼吁大家都来保护好我们的世界文化遗产，继承和发扬好我们的民族文化。

各位游客，因时间关系，今天的游览就到此为止了。希望大家不虚此行，通过这次参观游览，对莫高窟文化有更多的了解。想要更深地了解莫高窟，欢迎你们下一次再来。

朋友们，我们今天游览的目的地，就是素有雄、险、奇、秀于一体的太行大峡谷。

太行大峡谷位于林滤山中，说起来古名隆滤山。东汉延平元年(公元120_年)避殇帝刘隆名讳而改名林滤山，主体就是位于河南、河北、山西三省交界处的林州市境内的南太行山，整个山体南北长74公里，东西宽29公里，总面积1760平方公里。

林滤山奇峰林立，山势嵯峨，崖谷密布，瀑布高悬，共有大小山峰7658座，大型幽谷7845条，造就了许多奇特的自然景观和人文景观。这里现存古长城遗址1处，古塔9座，洞窟5处，石刻造像300多尊，其中省级文物保护单位9处，县级文物保护单位7l处。这里森林茂密、古树参天，水溪潭池、飞瀑银花，重岩叠嶂、姿态万千，构成了一幅幅变幻无穷的山水风景名胜图。

太行大峡谷是林滤山的一颗明珠，是旅游观光的胜地。它群山环绕，山峦重叠，青山流水，森林葱郁。景区的主要景点有：太行之魂王相岩，三九冰雪桃花开的桃花谷，三伏酷暑冰凌挂的太极冰山，还有红旗渠的第二母亲--太行平湖、亚洲最好的国际滑翔基地等

朋友，在我们的正前方山头上，可以看到一个巨大的壑口，这便是闻名退还的鲁班壑，也逝代山前通往石板岩乡和山西平顺县的惟一通道。

这里地势险要，海拔1172米，横宽110米，200余米高的绝壁耸立两侧，有一夫当关，万夫莫开之势。在太行隧道未修通以前，石板岩乡的老百姓要想到县城，只能肩挑手提爬过这1000多米高的壑口，非常艰难。

尊敬的各位游客，大家好!首先，我代表旅行社欢迎大家的到来，我叫(欢迎词——自我介绍、表达良好的服务意愿、旅行中的注意事项等等。)

今天我们要游览的是位于天津蓟县北部的黄崖关长城。万里长城是中国古代劳动人民创造的奇迹，是中华民族智慧的结晶。气势磅礴、雄伟壮观的万里长城犹如一条巨龙，是中华民族的象征。提到长城您会想到嘉峪关、山海关、居庸关等着名关隘，其实黄崖关也是万里长城的重要组成部分，1990年以“蓟北雄关”被列入津门十景之首。

黄崖关长城分黄崖关和太平寨两个景区。黄崖关以雄伟见长，太平寨以多变取胜。我们现在所处的景区,就是黄崖关景区。它始建于北齐天宝7年，明隆庆年间，民族英雄戚继光任蓟镇总兵时，对这段长城进行包砖和大修，形成了战台敌楼、边城掩体、水关烟墩、古寨营盘等各项防御设施一应俱全的壮观景象。

请大家随我往前走，眼前的这座古牌楼，它始建于明天顺四年，正面书“蓟北雄关”，意思是：此地乃为蓟镇北大门，是控扼入关的咽喉要地，为历代兵家必争之地。黄崖关是蓟镇长城的重要关隘，关城建在两山之间，封锁着泃河河谷，地势十分险要，故称“蓟北雄关”。背面写“金汤巩固”，形容黄崖关固若金汤、坚不可摧。黄崖关长城设立了凤凰楼、长城主体城墙和八卦关城三道防御体系，成为坚不可摧的军事防御工程。

大家请看城楼上，“黄崖口关”的匾额，为明代着名抗倭名将戚继光将军题写。为什么叫黄崖关呢?大家请看，长城周围山石颜色都是黄褐色的，不同程度含有铁的成分，当太阳光照射时，发出一种亮丽的金属颜色。山上有黄崖，山下有雄关，所以得名黄崖关。

进入黄崖口关，就进入了全国长城沿线上独一无二的八卦关城，又称为“八卦迷魂阵”，它是按八卦图形规律构筑的防御阵式。八卦城占地4万平方米，整体布局以提调公署为中心，由西北方按顺时针分为“乾、坎、艮、震、巽、离、坤、兑”分八个卦区，内设三关九门，布局错综复杂。有纵横交错40多条街，有丁字形、回字形、有的还在交叉的地方故意错位。凡此种种，都给人一种强烈的军事色彩。一般进来之后都会绕来绕去，找不到出口，难怪会有“八卦迷魂阵”之称呢。所以您在参观时一定要跟着队伍走，搞不好您真会迷路呢。

我们现在来到的是坐落于八卦城坤卦区内的长寿园。其中收入10003种不同写法的“寿”字，被载入了吉尼斯世界纪录之最。迎面就是一座砖雕的寿字影壁，绕过砖雕的寿字影壁，我们看到水池中浮出一个巨大的寿字，独字成桥。这就是长寿桥。俗话说“走过长寿桥，福寿乐逍遥”。“寿字桥上走一走，逍遥活到九十九。”这话说不说在我，信不信可得由大家了。

现在大家已经来到了八卦城的中心——提调公署院内。提调公署是明代镇守长城最高行政长官处理军务和民事的场所，是当时的指挥中心。1986年10月，这里已辟为全国第一座长城历史博物馆。

现在我们就来到了毛泽东诗词墨迹碑林。迎面青石上，镌刻着题写的“毛泽东诗词墨迹碑林”，它通高1.226米，寓意毛主席12月26日生日。碑林里镌刻了毛泽东从1920xx年到1964年间创作的28首诗词手稿，共计1893字，恰与毛泽东诞生之年巧合。以《沁园春.雪》主碑的毛泽东诗词墨迹碑林，艺术地再现了毛泽东同志在不同历史时期表露的伟人胸怀和气魄。1993年10月，为纪念毛泽东诞为辰一百周年，在碑林院中央塑立一尊主席立身铜像。把他在硝烟弥漫的岁月里目视长城内外，指点江山，激扬文字的领袖风范和诗人风采表现的淋漓尽致。

往前走，我们现在来到了黄崖正关，又称为北极阁，俗称玄武庙。黄崖正关地处狐仙晃和王帽顶两座高山之间的峡谷中，它巧妙地与陡峭的悬崖绝壁融为一体，形式极其险要。我们看黄崖正关城楼下面建台，上面建阁，但不留北门，为什么呢?相传明成祖朱棣信奉道教，他认为继承帝位，是因得到北神之助，便在京东一带和他出兵打仗的地方大建玄武庙，保佑他的江山稳固，为了避免人行和车马通过冲撞北神，所以不设北门。

请大家往北眺望，在千米之外的孤峰顶上，建有一座巨大的圆形空心敌楼——凤凰楼。传说因有凤凰栖息在此而得名。这也是黄崖关长城的第一道军事防线。第二道就是我们所在的这条主体城墙，可以说是城宽墙厚，易首难攻;第三道呢就是我们刚刚走过的八卦迷魂阵。三道防线使黄崖关长城真的是金汤巩固，坚不可摧。

从这越过泃河，攀上东岸，就是太平寨游览区了。在登长城处的门前，矗立着戚继光的雕像。这位抗委将领不仅对长城的边墙加固加高，还在这段城墙上增修了1000余座结构各异，雄伟壮观的墩台和敌楼。其中一座名为“寡妇楼”。据说人们是为了纪念12位士兵的妻子，继承丈夫的遗志，以身报国的伟大精神而为敌楼命名的。

接下来的时间，大家可以自己登一登长城，在此我祝愿大家在今后的工作和生活中一帆风顺。谢谢。

列位宾客各人好。

接待列位尊贵的客人来到八仙山旅游参观。我是导游员某某，很兴奋能与各人配合度过在八仙山这段名贵而可贵的年华。能为各人作导游处事，是我们的缘分。

下面，我向列位伴侣(贵客、率领)，先容一下八仙山景区的轮廓：

整理

(八仙山风光区位于天津市蓟县东北部，燕山山脉南侧，翠屏湖北岸，万里长城横亘景区南部，周围与天下文化遗产清东陵、中上元古界国度级天然掩护区、九龙山国度丛林公园邻接。总面积53。6平方公里，包罗神女峡、玉龙潭、黑水河南山、仙姑泉、松林浴场、明安梁子、旗松台、聚仙峰、八仙桌子、庙台沟、石洞沟、平静沟、黄乜子、梨木台景区等——大括号内的内容是原文稿删除的)

八仙山之名来历于古代传说。相传汉钟离、张果老、吕洞宾、铁拐李、韩国舅、蓝采和、何仙姑等八位仙人，乘云驾雾颠末此山上空时，发明白这里群峰竞秀，飞瀑高悬;峡谷艰深，流水潺潺;古木参天，林海渺茫;云雾缭绕，莺啼燕语，众八仙异口同声传颂道：“真乃仙人之宅也”，便降下祥云在此山中一块方形巨石上小憩，后人便称这块方形巨石为“八仙桌子”，这座山也就被称为“八仙山”。

“山不在高有仙则名，水不在深有龙则灵”。八仙山不只有瑰丽的神话传说，更重要的是这里有美妙的天然情形，富厚的野活跃植物资源，是国度级天然掩护区，国度地质公园，世界科普教诲基地、生态旅游胜地。

从旅游参观来看，八仙山景区有供各人抚玩的八奇：

一是奇石，八仙山景区内有光怪陆离的石。论范例，有沉积岩、火成岩、变质岩;论年数，有36亿年的片麻岩，18亿年的石英岩;论漫衍，有石海、石河、飞来石;论形态，有金龟石、金狮石、金猴石、金雕石、鳄鱼石、田鸡石、鸽子石、将军石、神女石、童子石;论颜色，红黄蓝白黑紫绿等各色石包罗万象;论代价，有科学代价极高的远古界变质岩、元古界的沉积岩，有经济代价很大的含金、银铜铅锌矿的脉石英，有陶瓷家产用的最抱负的紫陶页岩等，八仙山真可谓一个“自然奇石博物馆”。

二是奇峰，八仙山景区有峥嵘竞秀的山峰，八仙山是天津阵势最高、群峰搜集的地域，900米以上的山峰有19座，个中闻名的有天津市最岑岭聚仙峰(1052米)、钟鼓峰(995米)、元宝峰(978米)、骆驼峰(960米)，些山峰高耸入云，接连天涯，夏秋季候山峰常常是云遮雾罩，难见庐山真脸孔，出格风趣的是这些山峰跟着季候的更替，而调动颜色，春季山花壮丽，夏日翠绿欲滴，秋季红叶满山，冬季银装素裹，一季一景，额外妖娆。

三是水奇，八仙山多年均匀降水量达968。5毫米，是华北地域的多雨中心，内地有一年“七十二场浇陵雨”之说。降水多给八仙山带来了朝气和灵气，夏秋季来八仙山观水嬉水是一大享受，山崖上瀑布高悬，如彩练当空舞，闻名的瀑布有石洞沟红龙瀑布、神水峡玉龙瀑布、庙台沟黑龙瀑布、黑龙潭瀑布、鳄鱼潭瀑布、文燕沟路线瀑布等;山脚下泉流涌出，叮咚作响，四处可见，闻名的八仙泉，仙姑泉、松花泉、冷水泉等，河谷里急流奔驰，水声隆隆。冬春季候到八仙山石洞沟、庙台沟、文燕沟还可以看到有数的冰瀑布、冰河异景，出格是春季山桃花、杜鹃花与冰瀑布为伴的景观，更令人称绝。

四是林奇，八仙山景区丛林茂密，包围率90%以上，不少地域为100%，是华北少见的林海渺茫、绿涛升沉的景观。(这儿的丛林发源于距今7000万年的新生代第三纪，清朝宣统早年一向是古木参天、苍松翠柏、郁郁葱葱的原始丛林，被列为清东陵的风水禁地，有部队保卫，任何人禁绝进山樵采，柯栖息繁衍着多种野生动物，老虎、豹子、狗熊、狍子等大形动物时常出没。宣统二年的1911年，开禁往后，原始丛林遭到粉碎，此刻的自然林是原始丛林破费的处所天然萌生的原始次生林;但仍保存着原始丛林生态的体系的特征，是地球上北半球暖温带落叶阔叶林地带性植被范例的典范代表，具有重要的科学代价和抚玩代价。八仙山的丛林还具有区系因素多，丛林范例多，树森种类多的特点，既有华北本土因素的油松、侧柏、槲栎、栓皮栎、无宝槭即五角枫，杨柳榆白蜡，东北区万分的蒙古栎、糠椴、核桃楸、锦带花、也有南边热带区系的黄檗即黄柏，栾树、盐肤木、吴茱萸、鹅耳枥、黑枣、香椿、臭椿、苦木等，尚有八仙山特有的东陵八仙花、蚂蚱腿子)八仙山的自然林与人工林差异，它是由高峻的乔木，矮乔木、灌木、草类、地衣苔藓等多种因素构成，呈多层布局，并有多种高峻木质藤本植物及草类藤本植物穿插、攀登其间，形成完备、典范的丛林生态，是我国北方有数的自然植物园，旅客赞誉八仙山是天津的西双版纳。

翠湖公园内纵贯南北的是阮堤，是1834年云贵总督阮元拨款所筑。直通东西的是唐堤，1919年由时任孙中山的滇川黔三省建国联军总司令的唐继尧拨款所筑。两道长堤，分湖为四。堤畔植柳，湖内种荷，荷柳相映，清翠秀丽。两道长堤将翠湖分成五片景区--湖心岛景区以湖心亭和观鱼楼等清代建筑为主;东南面是水月轩和金鱼岛;东北面是竹林岛和九龙池;南边是葫芦岛和九曲桥;西边是海心亭。

特别值得一提的是，每年冬天有成千上万只北方飞来的红嘴鸥在翠湖越冬，嬉闹戏水，争抢食饵，给翠湖增添了无限的情趣。这是由于昆明四季温暖如春，适合海鸥过冬，加之昆明人视鸥如友，爱护海鸥，昆明市政府也规定不准捕捉海鸥，不准放爆竹惊吓海鸥。这样，红嘴鸥与昆明人结下了"朋友"之情，每年11月份，它们就飞来昆明过冬，第二年3-4月，它们又离开昆明飞往我国东北及西伯利亚等地。

各位朋友，大家好!首先我代表武汉快乐旅行社欢迎大家的到来!能和大家相逢在这美丽的宜昌并和大家一起度过这段美好的时光我感到十分的荣幸。我是导游员小张，大家可以叫我张导，这是我们司机唐师傅，唐师傅开车十几年，有很高的水平和丰富的经验，大家可以放心欣赏窗外的风景。在接下来的时间将由我们两个为大家服务，我一定会尽力安排好各位的行程，大家如果在旅途过程中有什么问题，可以尽管提出来，我们会尽量想办法替您解决。希望我和唐师傅的服务使您在这次旅途中感到开心，愉快。我们今天要去参观的就是举世文明的长江三峡水利枢纽工程，既我们通常简称的“三峡大坝”。

三峡大坝位于长江三峡西陵峡中段，湖北省宜昌市境内的三斗坪。古往今来，地球上发生频率最高，危害最大的自然灾害莫过于洪水。人类与洪水抗挣的历史久远，并在抗挣中催生了人类的早期文明。华夏民族尤重治水，且在治水中表现了无与伦比的胆量和智慧。治水者名垂千古，水利工程福泽万代，古代大禹和李冰父子及古都江堰工程就是很好的例证。

世界第三长河长江，源于世界屋脊，上经“天府之国”，中贯“鱼米之乡”，下串“人间天堂”，给两岸以灌溉之利和舟楫之便。然而，它一旦暴怒，便为浩劫，沃野成为泽国，民众或为鱼鳖，是中华民族一大心腹之患。尤其在险段荆江，每至汛期，千余万人头枕悬河，夜不成寐。所以，解决长江中下游地区，特别昌荆江河段的防洪问题是兴建三峡工程的首要出发点。1942年4月3日，全国人民代表大会第七届五次会议(即七届全国人大第五次会议)通过了《关于兴建长江三峡工程的决议》，自此，中国历史上最大的水利工程进入具体实施阶段。1994年12月14日，时任国务院总理的李鹏向全世界正式宣布三峡工程开工。三峡大坝为钢筋混凝土重力坝，全长2335米，坝顶高185米，正常蓄水位175米，总库容393亿立方米，防洪库容221、5亿立方米，相当于4个分洪区的库容。电站装机26台，单机热量70万千瓦，总容量1820万千瓦，年均发电量847亿千瓦时。电厂一年上交的利税可以建一座葛洲坝枢纽工程。大坝通航建筑物年单向一级垂直升船机可快速通过3000吨级客货轮。三峡大坝建成后形成的三峡水库将淹没陆地面积632平方公里，范围涉及湖北的四个县，重庆市的16个县市区，共计20个县(市、区)。须迁移的总人口将达113、18万人，称为“百万大移民”，任务十分繁重。长江三峡工程采用“一级开发、一次建成、分期蓄水、连续移民”的方案。主体工程总工期17年，分3个阶段进行，一期工程5年，二期工程和三期工程均为6年。1997年实现大江截流，20__年启用永久通航建筑物和首批机组发电，20__年工程竣工。

大家或许会问：如此宏伟的工程需要多资金投入呢?这么多钱又是如何去筹集呢?1993年7月，国务院三峡工程建设委员会批准的枢纽工程概算为500、9亿元(按1993年5月末价格水平)，库区移民安置概算400亿元，两项合计，三峡工程按1993年5月末水平的静态投资总额为900、9亿元。筹集这些资金有以下主要途径：一、三峡工程建设基金。全国除西藏自治区、贫困地区农业排灌用电外，每度电征收厘钱;从1996年起，直接受益地区和经济发达地区每度电加征到7厘钱，其余地区仍征收4厘。由此看来，我们每个人都对三峡工程建设作出了贡献。二、葛洲坝水电站利润，在每度电上网价格4、2分的基础上，从1993年起每度电提升1分，到1996年提高到8、2分后不再提高。三、三峡水电站利润，20__年首批机组发电所得到的利润。此外，还需要从国家开发银行贷款、国外商业借贷、发行债券、用卖方出口信贷等方式筹集资金。

那么，兴建长江三峡工程究竟有哪些好处呢?概括起来有以下几个方面：一、防洪。前面已讲过，防洪是兴建三峡工程的首要出发点。三峡工程正常蓄水位175米，有防洪库容221、5亿立方米，防洪效率十分显著，可使荆江河段防洪标准从十年一遇提高到百年一遇;若配合运用荆江分洪工程和其他分、蓄洪区，可将防洪标准提高到千年一遇，基本上可消除洪涝灾害的影响。调查资料显示，三峡工程平均每年的直接经济效益为25亿元。若遇1870年那样的特大洪水时，经三峡工程调节可产生的直接经济效益为：可减少农村淹没损失510亿元，减少城镇淹没损失240亿元，减少江汉油田淹没损失9亿元，以上各项合计达769亿元。此外还可避免大堤、垸堤溃决而造成的大量人口伤亡;避免洪水对武汉市的严重威胁，避免京广、汉丹等铁路干县中断或不能正常运行;避免灾区疾病流行，传染病蔓延;避免洪灾带来的饥荒、救灾、灾民安置等一系列社会问题，这些效益是很难用经济指标来具体表示的。二、发电。“长江滚滚向东流，流的都是煤和油”。流经长江三峡的江水，如不加以利用，就相当于每年有5000万吨原煤或2500万吨原油白白流入了大海。三峡水电站建成后，无论是装机容量还是年平均发电量，在一定时期内都将是世界上第一大水电站。其装机总容量达1820万千瓦，平均年发电量达到847亿度，相当于我国1992年全年发电量的七分之一，每年信电收入达181亿元，除在几年时间内还清贷款本息外，还可成为国家缴纳利税的大户。三、巨大的环境效益。与燃煤发电相比，每年可少排放1亿吨氮氧化合物，以及大量灰尘、废渣，将减轻环境污染和因有害气体的排放而引起的酸雨等危害。同时，三峡工程还可以使长江中下游枯水季节的流量显著增大，有利于珍稀动物白鳍豚和其他鱼类安全越冬，减免因水浅而发生的意外死亡事故，还有利于减少长江口盐水上溯长度和入侵时间。有此可见，三峡工程的环境效益是巨大的。四、航运。三峡水库将改善航运里程660公里，使万吨级船队可以从重庆直达汉口。经三峡水库调节，每年枯水季节可使中游航道水深平均约增加0、5米，保证3万吨级船队的通行。

穿过平桥，您眼前的这座巍峨城门，就是上善门。它是《清明上河图》中浓墨重彩描绘的标志性建筑。现在复原的城门高21.6米，面积1553平方米，门洞就高达8米。城楼上，金碧辉煌的彩绘更显示出它的辉煌与壮观，人们称赞它“勾梁画栋，气宇不凡”。在等级森严的封建社会，连建筑也要分三六九等。从上善门的宏伟气势，就可以看出它的重要地位。公元960年，宋太祖赵匡胤发动陈桥兵变，黄袍加身，建立了北宋王朝之后开始了京城的防务建设。第一步就修建了方圆50里、165步长的城墙，城墙上像上善门这样的城门就有17座之多。在《清明上河图》中，上善门起了分界的作用，恰好把城内的繁华建筑与城外沿河街市一隔为二。

过了城门，我们才算是真正进了城。城门上那些钉也大有讲究，横7竖9，一共63颗，说明这里还不算是最高级的。如果是皇宫大院，那横竖都得是9颗了，一共81颗。因为九是个位数的最大值，古代人把九九八十一看作是阳数之首，所以含有“至尊”的意思，也象征了封建王权的至高无上。更有意思的是，在《清明上河图》的原作中，上善门的前面两个字被作者隐藏了起来，只是点了两个点。不过据史料考证，《清明上河图》所描绘的是东京开封东南部的景象。当时，开封东南有一个下水门;也称东水门，它的北边是通津门，南边就是上善门。东水门的水是从中间穿过城门洞流进城内去的，而《清明上河图》中的河水却是从城门的正前方流过的，由此推断，这座城门应该是上善门。这一论断是否合理，还值得深思。游客朋友如果有兴趣，也可以加入到讨论的队伍中来，我们欢迎您提出宝贵意见。16清明上河园全景

爬上城楼，到全园的最高点去看一看。在那里，您能俯看到景区的全貌。从城楼向西看，

丰富多彩尤其打破了唐代“坊”与“市”的界线，也就是居住区与商业区相分离的制度，坊市合一，相互渗透。人们在居住区就可以进行贸易，不需要再像《木兰辞》中所写的“东市买骏马，西市买鞍鞯，南市买辔头，北市买长鞭”那样东奔西跑了。在这种大环境下，勾栏瓦肆就应运而生了。据史书记载，当时流行的评书、相声、杂技、口技、相扑、傀儡戏、皮影戏、般杂剧、弄虫蚁等民间艺术就在这里表演，所以通俗地说，它就是普通市民的娱乐场所，也可以称得上是现代歌舞剧院的前身。

河南清明上河园导游词3

咱们直走就来到了鸿福寺。北宋时佛教盛行，仅东京开封就有佛寺913座。当时的佛寺分成两种，一种是由皇帝赐匾额的合法佛寺，另一种是没有匾额的非法寺庙。在《清明上河图》中，这里只画了一间山门，一个和尚披着佛衣站在门口，并没有标明寺院的名称。我们建园时，考虑到北宋东京开封香火最盛的是东鸿福寺和西鸿福寺，于是就把西鸿福寺建造在这里。鸿福寺在当时不仅是烧香拜佛的佛寺，也是春天踏青的休闲胜地。元代孟元老《东京梦华录》中第六卷就提到，当时的人们在元宵过后，春天来临之时一定会到鸿福寺等地踏春游玩。

您进寺后，在您右边的东殿是武圣殿，里面供奉着武圣关公;在左侧的西殿是百子堂，供奉着送子观音，正面大殿为观音殿，殿内供奉的佛像是特别请开封大相国寺的高僧开光的，以保佑天下众生。

穿过平桥，您眼前的这座巍峨城门，就是上善门。它是《清明上河图》中浓墨重彩描绘的标志性建筑。现在复原的城门高21.6米，面积1553平方米，门洞就高达8米。城楼上，金碧辉煌的彩绘更显示出它的辉煌与壮观，人们称赞它“勾梁画栋，气宇不凡”。在等级森严的封建社会，连建筑也要分三六九等。从上善门的宏伟气势，就可以看出它的重要地位。公元960年，宋太祖赵匡胤发动陈桥兵变，黄袍加身，建立了北宋王朝之后开始了京城的防务建设。第一步就修建了方圆50里、165步长的城墙，城墙上像上善门这样的城门就有17座之多。在《清明上河图》中，上善门起了分界的作用，恰好把城内的繁华建筑与城外沿河街市一隔为二。

过了城门，我们才算是真正进了城。城门上那些钉也大有讲究，横7竖9，一共63颗，说明这里还不算是最高级的。如果是皇宫大院，那横竖都得是9颗了，一共81颗。因为九是个位数的最大值，古代人把九九八十一看作是阳数之首，所以含有“至尊”的意思，也象征了封建王权的至高无上。更有意思的是，在《清明上河图》的原作中，上善门的前面两个字被作者隐藏了起来，只是点了两个点。不过据史料考证，《清明上河图》所描绘的是东京开封东南部的景象。当时，开封东南有一个下水门;也称东水门，它的北边是通津门，南边就是上善门。东水门的水是从中间穿过城门洞流进城内去的，而《清明上河图》中的河水却是从城门的正前方流过的，由此推断，这座城门应该是上善门。这一论断是否合理，还值得深思。游客朋友如果有兴趣，也可以加入到讨论的队伍中来，我们欢迎您提出宝贵意见。全景爬上城楼，到全园的最高点去看一看。在那里，您能俯看到景区的全貌。从城楼向西看，就是我们下面将带您游览的城内景点。

请大家跟随我的脚步，现在我们来到的景点是有“天下第一道观”之称的大罗宫。“三清上，曰大罗”，绵山大罗宫依山而建，层楼迭阁，青墙金瓦，建筑面积达一万多平方米，足以与拉萨的布达拉宫相媲美，大罗宫里融合道教和佛教为一体，主要供奉了一些道家的神灵，它一共有十三层，现在就请大家跟我一起登上大罗宫。

这是大罗宫的第一层建筑叫财神殿，此殿中供奉的是武财神“赵公明”，文财神“比干和范蠡”，左右分别是利市仙官和招财童子。武财神赵公明座元宝座，左手持元宝，右手拿铁鞭，两位文财神一位怀抱如意，一位手捧珠宝。大家可以看一下这香炉上的这幅对联，是为了歌颂绵山的开发者闫吉英老板而写的，大家可以在这里烧几柱薄香来祈求自己来年发大财，大家上香的时候也得注意一下，不管是在佛家还是在道家，都讲究的是神三鬼四，所以您上香的时候可以上三柱而不能上四柱，如果您不是道家或佛家的信仰者那也请您保持一份肃静，信则有不信则无。

参观了第二层的救苦天尊殿，现在我们来到的是大罗宫的第三层建筑——三官殿。三官是指“天官，地官，水官”，又被称作三官大帝，天官能赐福，地官能解难，水官能赦罪。中国历史上唯一的女皇帝武则天就常拜三官大帝。附近的乡亲为了感谢三官大帝除去水怪便在此处修建了三官殿。大家也可以进去拜拜，祈求三官大帝赐福、解难、赦罪。

看过第八层的200多尊雕塑，欣赏过第九层“介休三贤”的画像，领略了第十层百名书法家题写的108块《道德经》木刻全文，拜过了第十一层的道教最高尊神——无形、无名、无上天尊，品味过群仙殿内借鉴永乐宫壁画绘制的300平米《群仙朝元图》，现在我们来到的是大罗宫的顶层建筑——藏经阁，珍藏有《道藏》、《四库全书》、《古今图书集成》、二十四史、《金刚经》、《尚书》等道教、佛教、儒教各类经典藏书数万册，包括书法、雕塑、绘画、考古、建筑等门类，是全国风景名胜区中藏书最多的景区。

登过了13层的大罗宫，现在在我们身后的建筑就是抱腹寺，又名云峰寺。因建于抱腹岩而得名。抱腹岩座东面西，高60米，深50米，长180米，分上下两层，抱二百余间殿宇与腹内，为天下绝无仅有。绵山的三绝都汇聚在了云峰寺景区，这三绝就是：还愿挂铃，包骨真身像，铁索岭。

头顶上面的崖壁，半空悬挂的这些铜铃，是当地的“还愿挂铃”民俗活动所留下的。前来还愿的善男信女，请当地的人从后山到抱腹岩上，把绳子的一头系到山上的松树上一头系到腰间，两个人同时下放，当放到半空时，一个人推另一个人，使人荡起来，把人悠进洞内，用铁钩挂住壁顶，然后把事先准备好的铜铃挂到崖壁上，挂铃成功之后鸣鞭炮以示庆祝。

前面是一百二十个台阶，登上这一百二十级台阶就是抱腹岩的主寺云峰寺，台阶两旁的猛兽叫做狻猊，是佛和菩萨的坐骑，佛教中说人生一共有108个烦恼，每登上一个台阶便可忘掉一个烦恼，登上这一百零八个台阶便可忘掉人生中的所有烦恼，从而进入无忧无虑的极乐世界，其余的12个台阶代表一年的十二个月，希望大家一鼓作气，登上这一百二十个台阶。

北京故宫英文导游辞

FORBIDDEN CITY(紫禁城)

(In front of the meridian gate)

Ladies and Gentlemen:

I am pleased to serve as your guide today.

This is the palace museum; also know as the Purple Forbidden City. It is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in China today. Under Ming Emperor Yongle, construction began in 1406. It took 14years to build the Forbidden City. The first ruler who actually lived here was Ming Emperor Zhudi. For five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when Qing Emperor Puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .In 1987, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization recognized the Forbidden City was a world cultural legacy.

It is believed that the Palace Museum, or Zi Jin Cheng (Purple Forbidden City), got its name from astronomy folklore, The ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the Ziwei Yuan(North Star). The constellation containing the North Star was called the Constellation of Heavenly God and star itself was called the purple palace. Because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. In folklore, the term ”an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, LaoZi, to the Hanghu Pass. Here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. The word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.

The red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. Red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. Yellow is the color of the earth on the Loess Plateau, the original home of the Chinese people. Yellow became an imperial color during the Tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.

The Forbidden City is rectangular in shape. It is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west. It has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters .A 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex. Octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall. There are four entrances into the city: the Meridian Gate to the south, the Shenwu Gate(Gate of Military Prowess) to the north, and the Xihua Gate(Gate of military Prowess) to the north, and the Xihua Gate(Western Flowery Gate )to the west ,the Donghua (Eastern Flowery Gate) to the east.

Manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the Forbidden City. A total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed. Marble was quarried from fangshan Country Mount Pan in Jixian County in Hebei Province. Granite was quarried in Quyang County in Hebei Province. Paving blocks were fired in kilns in Suzhou in southern China. Bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in Shandong Province .Timber was cut ,processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions.

The structure in front of us is the Meridian Gate. It is the main entrance to the forbidden City. It is also knows as Wufenglou(Five-Phoenix Tower). Ming emperors held lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of the Chinese lunar year in hornor of their counties .They also used this place for punishing officals by flogging them with sticks.

Qing emperors used this building to announce the beginning of the new year. Qing Emperor Qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremony from ban li(announcement of calendar)to ban shou(announcement of new moon )to avoid coincidental association with another Emperor` s name, Hongli, which was considered a taboo at that time. Qing Dynasty emperors also used this place to hold audience and for other important ceremonies. For example,when the imperial army returned victoriously from the battlefield ,it was here that the Emperor presided over the ceremony to accept prisoners of war.

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各位团友，你们好!欢迎大家来到我们这山水相依，人文荟萃的惠州鹅城观光旅游。首先请让我代表旅游公司的全体员工及热情好客的惠州市民们对大家的到来表示热烈的欢迎，并致以诚挚的问候。我先作个自我介绍吧，我是旅行社的一名导游，我姓x，大家可以叫我小x或x 导游，今天就由小女子来为大家介绍介绍惠州，带着大家游山玩水咯。希望大家高高兴兴的来也高高兴兴的离开，在惠州留下一个美好的回忆。

现在我先向各位讲下我们这次出游的行程，今天我将带大家到我们惠州市著名的景区——西湖游览参观，午餐后，我带大家到市区里热闹的商业街游玩，晚上就让各位欣赏下我们惠州的东江夜景。

请大家向你们的窗外看，这便是我们晚上要看到的东江了。下面我先向大家介绍一下惠州的概况。惠州市是位于广东省东南部，珠江三角洲的东北端，南临南海大亚湾，与香港和深圳相邻，北与河源相接;西与东莞市和增城市相邻;东接汕尾市;惠州市属于地级市。下辖一市(惠阳市)三县(惠东县、博罗县、龙门县)二区(惠城区、大亚湾区)。惠城区是其市政府所在地。我们的今晚住的酒店就是在城区里的康帝酒店，它是我们惠州市区内首家无星级酒店，占在康帝的楼顶我们可以饱览惠州西湖美丽的风光。惠州是广东省的历史文化名城，在古代就有“岭南名郡”，“粤东门户”之称，是东江流域政治，经济，军事，文化中心和商品集散地。改革开放20多年来，惠州市坚持“工业立市”的发展战略，坚定不移地走发展外向型经济的道路。现已成为世界最大的电池和辐射光头生产基地，亚洲最大的电话机，电脑主板生产基地，中国最大的电视机，汽车音响，高级电工产品，照相机生产基地之一，成为中国华南地区发展最快，最具活力和最具潜力的城市之一。

惠州是“中国优秀旅游城市”。其旅游资源丰富，集山，江，湖，海，泉，瀑，林，涧，岛为一体，有国家自然保护区两处：惠州象头山和平海古城自然保护区;有省级风景保护区两处：惠州西湖和罗浮山;省历史文化名城一座：惠东平海古城;有国家森林公园一座：龙门南昆山;有被誉为“半城山色半城湖”的鹅城风光，更有“东方夏威夷”----巽寮湾和大亚湾等海滨浴场。

现在就让我着重给大家讲讲惠州西湖吧!惠州西湖有五湖，六桥，十美景之说。

主要的景观包括：西新避暑，四洲塔，东坡塑像，东坡纪念馆，芳华洲和红棉洲等。“中国西湖三十六，唯惠州足并杭州”，这是诗人对惠州西湖景色的赞美。西湖融秀丽山水与岭南特色园林景观为一体，其湖水清澈，山川秀美，曲径通幽，浮洲点翠，象岭云飞，四季如春，景色宜人。讲到惠州西湖，相信大家会想到一个人物，对了，他就是苏东坡，他当年被贬惠州，在此颇有建树，捐资修建了横贯于平湖与丰湖之间的林荫道苏堤，还留下孤山苏迹和东坡纪念馆等遗迹，为世人传诵。现在就请各位随我下车到西湖游览参观吧。请各位拿好自己贵重物品和需要用到的东西，一个一个的跟我下车。

Garden area of about 5 acres, now has kept roughly want between Ming dynasty and early qing. Gardens in north and south long and narrow rectangular plane, the north is courtyard, is composed of the main hall of boya hall and water tree, the central pool, the water for about 1 mu, become dominated center. All the monohydrate bay, southeast and southwest tablet stone bridge. In addition to the waterside pavilion in the north for the revetment, the rest of the pond shore are naturally twists and turns. Take the nets garden gardening techniques, offshore for low buildings, such as cottage fishing tents, makes the surface appear open. Fanaw had stacked stone rockery, one screen at a time on the bridge. Southwest pool has a yard, water curved courtyard, a quiet elegant. Pool north waterside pavilion surface width of 5, and cabinet gallery annex on both sides. All these buildings occupied the north facade, as seen in suzhou gardens. Yard on both sides of the square of two hall, column flange pool lake stone, such as camellia, magnolia flower plants and. Pool a Ming dynasty architecture, southeast of milk fish pavilion, the architecture of primitive simplicity and easy, for the rare and precious cultural relics.

The garden more preserved Ming dynasty garden style, layout and gardening technique, winning by plain simple, natural, and celebrities such as Wen Zhenmeng former residence is located, it is of high historical value and artistic value. As a key cultural relic protection unit in jiangsu province in 1995.

十渡风景区位于北京市西南郊房山区拒马河中上游，距京100公里，是华北地区唯一以岩溶峰林、河谷地貌为特色的自然风景区。风景区山奇水秀，美如画卷，素有“北方桂林”之称是北京新十六景区之一。

来到十渡，听这里的工作人员介绍，十渡山水，四季如画，处处是景。初春百花争艳，香溢河谷;盛夏群峰叠翠，碧水如云;深秋柿坠枝头，红叶似锦;寒冬冰河如镜，峰岭披银。似一幅泼墨山水画卷，一派绝妙的北国风光。

到了中午，我们去农家院吃中午饭。我和爸爸负责捞虹鳟鱼。我跟爸爸拿着抄子，弯腰站在鱼池边，看准一条比较大的虹鳟鱼，只见爸爸手落抄下，可那鱼动作灵敏，爸爸捞了好几次都没有捞到，我想这里一定有窍门，就去问农民伯伯怎样捞到虹鳟鱼?农民伯伯说：“鱼抄要对着鱼的头，一定要快，才能捞到虹鳟鱼。”我按照农民伯伯说的方法把抄子悄悄伸到一条停在水中的虹鳟鱼头前，然后快速将抄子插入水中，再快速抬起抄子，一条活蹦乱跳的虹鳟鱼罗如抄中。爸爸也按照方法捞到一条。两条虹鳟鱼，一条烧烤，在烧烤的时候放上孜然和辣椒面，味道好像新疆的羊肉串。鱼皮最好吃，味儿浓并且焦脆，而鱼肉鲜嫩，味道清淡。一条清炖，清炖的虹鳟鱼，鱼肉鲜嫩，鱼汤鲜美，真好吃啊!

吃完饭后，我迫不急待的去划竹筏，我和爸爸妈妈乘一个竹筏，起初我们都有点害怕，这竹筏没边没沿儿夫在水面上，万一没站稳掉下水了就...呵呵。最后我们还是上去了。妈妈抢过竹竿来，她居然拿着竹竿划水?hoho?，那猪年马月能划到对岸上啊?!爸爸接过竹竿，将竹竿插向水底，一使劲，竹筏离了岸。就这样爸爸站在竹筏上左一下，右一下，竹筏飞快的向前驶去，我学着爸爸样子一下一下地划着，还情不自禁地唱起：“小小竹排江中游…….”划完竹筏后，我又去玩水晶球，钻进水晶球我像喝醉似的，东倒西歪。真好玩啊!

时间过的很快，我们结束了愉快的旅游，踏上了回家的旅程。这一天我感到很高兴，即吃上了美味的 农家饭，又划了竹筏，还学会了捞虹鳟鱼。生活真是美好啊!

现在我们来到了承德避暑山庄，这次旅游由我董奥宇带领大家欣赏美景，大家叫我小董就好了，我一定尽我最大的努力，为大家带来一段美好的记忆!

现在，我们在丽正门前，在门上“避暑山庄”四个字均为康熙皇帝亲笔题写，但是“避”字多加了一横，避暑山庄的九门之首门前列石狮一对，左右立下马碑各一，迎面有30米张的红照壁，布局规格严整，风格质朴秀丽，也为避暑山庄乾隆三十六景之首。若站在高处鸟瞰，承德避暑山庄就像一只躺在河中央的千年巨龟，十分壮观。接着我们来到澹泊敬诚，它位于丽正门之北，是避暑山庄的正殿。此殿十九年(1754年)，全部用楠木改修，故又称楠木殿。殿内悬康熙御笔“澹泊敬诚”。清帝每年万寿节和举行庆祝大典时，均在此接见国内民族首领、王公大臣和外国使节。乾隆四十五年班禅六世自来山庄祝寿，乾隆即在此接见。

来到“澹泊敬诚”后边，就到了四知书屋。据载，清帝在此召见了喀尔喀蒙古的哲布尊丹巴巴呼图克一世、二世、三世、四世、班禅六世、土尔扈汗渥巴锡等。

下面我们来到“万岁照肩”，共有十九间房，前部各殿属前朝，后部为后寝，即帝后的寝宫。

接着我们又来到了“烟波致爽殿”院内，这尸殿区的后半部分，叫“后寝”，是帝后和嫔妃们的居住的地方。康熙皇帝说这个地方“四围秀岭，十里平湖，致有爽气”，所以才叫了致爽这个名字。

云山胜地楼十分有特色，在这栋楼上呀，它没有楼梯，只有假山，所以人们得爬山上楼，“请各位游客注意安全，小心脚下的东西。”

各位游客，现在承德避暑山庄的大部分景色我们已经游览完了，希望大家有机会再来细细游览。下面请各位游客做好准备，明天我们将前往承德棒槌山!