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篇1：介绍云南木府的导游词范文
大家好，欢迎各位来到“五朵金花”的故乡——大理。
现在我们的游船正行驶在洱海的泄水河道——西洱河之上。游船的航行方向是由西向东的，再往前行，大家便可以看到烟波浩淼的洱海了。
洱海，是云南著名的高原湖泊，位于大理市区的西北，为中国第七大淡水湖。形成于冰河时代的末期，其主要成因是沉降侵蚀，属构造断陷湖。洱海，北起洱源，长约42.58公里，东西最大宽度9公里。湖面面积256.5平方公里，虽没有滇池大，但蓄水量比滇池要大很多。这是由于洱海的平均深度有10米，最深处可达到20米。古称“叶榆水”、“昆弥川”。但是小徐呢，更喜欢它现在的名字——洱海。因为这个名字更加的贴切可爱。从空中往下看，她宛如一轮新月，静静地依卧在苍山和大理坝子之间，像极了一只可爱的大耳朵。这也就是大理“风花雪月”中的‘洱海月’了。
现在我们的游船已经行驶在碧波荡漾的洱海了。
大家看，湖水清澈见底，就像无瑕的美玉，秀丽无比，它正以广阔的胸怀欢迎各位来自远方的宾朋。如果在农历十五月明之夜到这儿，月亮会特别的圆、特别的圆，那景色，我也是醉：水中，月圆如轮，浮光摇金;天空，玉镜高悬，清辉灿灿，仿佛才从湖里沐浴过。水天辉映，都分不清是天月掉海，还是海月升天。洱海月为什么如此明亮呢? 科学的结论是：一、洱海水质特别纯净，透明度相当高，反光极强;二、洱海海面尘埃较少，空气清新，使得水天相映，月光更加明亮。此外，洱海月之著名，还在于洁白无瑕的苍山雪倒映在洱海中，与洱海月交相辉映，构成“银苍玉洱”这一大奇观。
在我们的前方，大家所能看到的这个玲珑剔透的小岛，就是洱海中最小、但又最负盛名的岛屿——小普陀了，在介绍大理的画册中少不了它。小普陀周长只有200多米，全由石灰岩构成，总面积约有70平方公尺。这里为什么叫小普陀呢?普陀，是梵文普陀珞伽山的缩写，意思是小白花山或小花树山，传说是观音在印度修行的地方。因此啊，凡是传说中观音显圣地大都称为普陀山。比如，我国四大佛教名山之一的浙江普陀山。由于小普陀的外形比较像传说中观音的道场，但又因为它的规模和地形都比较小，所以得名“小普陀”。 大家可以看到，小普陀这么远远的望去，就像一个天然的盆景置于洱海当中。在白族人的心目当中，小普陀可是最富灵气的一个小岛，附近村庄的白族人民，每到逢年过节，或者是遇到任何喜事，都要到小普陀进行祭祀，以示庆贺或者是以求平安，每当新郎新娘结婚的这一天，新郎还要用小船载着新娘绕岛三圈，希望小普陀能为他们带来：幸福、吉祥。
今天，各位嘉宾不远万里来到大理，感受这里的历史、文化、风俗、民情、那我们也希望这小普陀能给各位带来幸福和平安。下面呢，各位做好登岛准备，让我们一起领略这座小岛的风采。
篇2：介绍北京的英文导游词
各位游客：
大家好，我是光明旅游社的导游，大家能够叫我卢导。这天游玩的地方是长城，期望大家做到这三点1不乱扔垃圾，2不在墙上刻字，3不破坏公物。期望大家玩得开心。
我们此刻在八达岭上，这一段长城高大坚固。大家看，城墙外沿，有两米多高的成排的垛子，垛子上有方形的瞭望口和射口，供瞭望和射击用。每隔三百多米就有一座方形的城台，不仅仅是屯兵的堡垒，而且打仗的时候城台之间还能够互相呼应呢!
大家单看这数不清的条石，一块有三两斤重，那时候没有火车汽车、起重机。就靠无数人的肩膀和无数的手，抬上着无数块石头。那时候，是多麽辛苦，凝结了多少人民的血汗和智慧。
说到那里我不由得想起了一个美丽动人的传说，这个美丽动人的传说的名字叫孟姜女哭长城。从前，有个人叫孟姜女，他很爱她的丈夫，但是有一天，官府抓她的丈夫说是犯罪了，一年过去了，她的丈夫没有消息，于是她就去找她的丈夫。但是，一去才明白她的丈夫被抓去修长城了，她立即动身，日夜兼程跑到了长城，但是她怎麽也找不到她的丈夫，一打听才明白她的丈夫被累死了。她哭啊哭，八百多里的长城倒下了，最后还是想不开跳河自杀了。孟姜女太感人了。
长城的地方很多，期望大家细细观赏。
篇3：介绍南昌的英语导游词
Hello everyone! Im a tour guide of Nanchang "aikesi" travel company. Myname is Zhang. You can call me Zhang tour guide. Im surrounded by ten thousanddrivers with first-class technology. You dont have to be afraid when you get onthe car. The license plate number is Gan a74189. Please remember the licenseplate number!
Now its on SuPu road to Bayi park. Bayi Park was called Gongyuan in QingDynasty. It was called Hubin Park in 1932, and it was changed to Jieshi park onApril 3, 1945. It was named in July 1950. The total area is 23.7 hectares andthe land area is 64 hectares.
There are small shops in Bayi Park, where you can row a boat to enjoy thecool, play with the toys and draw pictures. There are many willows beside theriver. When the wind blows, sister willows hair is like a shake. In the centerof the river, like the summer palace in Beijing, there is also an island. Theisland is green with many leaves floating down, like green dragonflies. Manybranches of weeping willows hang down. Tourists should be careful not to be hungby the branches when rowing. There are many fake stones in Bayi Park, which lookdifferent. No two of them are Zhens. There is a small road in the middle of thestones. There is also a small pavilion in Bayi Park, where people can enjoy thecool.
"Free for an hour," I called out. Everyone bought popsicles to eat, sometook pictures, and some lovers were rowing. I gave everyone a bag. Dont throwthe food bag around. Put the food bag in the bag. Soon, time passed. I askedeveryone to gather at the gate and count the number of people. WOW! Yes, theresnot a few people!
The tour of Bayi park is over. We will go to Qingshan Lake amusement parktomorrow and baohulu farm in Nanchang the day after tomorrow. Please have a goodleisure and keep your spirit. We can play tomorrow. Good night!
篇4：上海导游词英文
The French capital Paris is one of the top ten cities in the world. It is located in the middle of the basin in northern France in Paris, the city across on both sides of the Seine. There are small points of Paris, a greater Paris. Small Paris in Paris city within the big ring road, covers an area of 105 square kilometers, population of more than 200; A greater includes seven provinces around the city, an area of 120xx square kilometers and a population of about 10 million, almost one 5 of the population. Is the largest city in France, it is also one of the worlds most populous metropolis.
Paris celebrates its 1400 years of history, the city has 20xx years of history. People roaming the city, is one of the most profound impression: it retains much of the world famous historical monuments, and there are many magnificent modern buildings, there are "flowers" laudatory name.
Paris is Frances political, economic and cultural center. In terms of cultural facilities, Paris has built the worlds largest with electronic computer control of modern art and cultural center - pompidou national center for art and culture, also has many world famous monuments and artistic construction. Like the Eiffel Tower, the Notre Dame DE Paris, place DE la Concorde, the Louvre, Versailles palace, is to let people regretted leaving. The economic life, reconstruction and rebuilding the old central business district, such as the construction of the 210 meters high, 58 layer of manas skyscrapers. Construction and expansion of the satellite city of Paris around, make people have a more spacious and comfortable living environment.
Paris is not only the political, economic and cultural center of France, and is also an important part in international activities. The various types of international conference held here; Various international competitions, performances held here; Professional exhibition from all walks of life held here. Permanent international organizations are also many, such as the headquarters of the United Nations educational, scientific and cultural organization is based in here.
Today in Paris, France is not alone, but also Western Europes political, economic and cultural center, is the worlds attention.
篇5：介绍天堂寨的导游词
天堂寨风景区有120平方公里的地域。这儿以原始次生林为主，间有奇松、怪石、云海、龙潭、飞瀑，是集旅游、疗养、度假、避暑、科研、教学为一体的胜地。天堂寨兼有我国山岳型风景名胜“北雄南秀”的两大特点，属于南暖温带和北亚热带的过渡区。这里是许多南方植物种类分布的北界，又是许多北方植物种类分布的南界，是华东、华中、华北三大植物体系的交汇点。据专家初步考察，本区有野生维管束植物173科，648属，共计1882种。其中世界性种属28个、少种属77个、中国特有种属16个。
天堂寨的主要亮点是水，其清洌甘甜，PH值为6。7，为地表一级饮用山泉水。“东南第一清白地，山是本色水是源”这是对天堂寨水的真诚赞美。天堂寨森林覆盖率高达96。5%;它的年降水量约在2200毫米，而又地处大别山北坡，年蒸发量1840毫米，加上地形雨频频降落，有时一天要下几场。因此在半径2公里范围内形成了五个接力式瀑布的瀑布群景观，华东地区实属罕见。有诗云“踏遍黄峨岱与庐，唯有天堂水最佳”。
现在我们的汽车就行走在去瀑布群景区的6。3公里的盘山公路上。请大家看我们的左前方，这是海拔1480米的白马峰。山峰西侧千米绝壁，万丈深渊;山脊上岩石裸露，雄奇险峻。岩性为二长花岗岩。由马鞍、马背和马尾构成，绵延数十里。头部在湖北的英山县，面对我们的是它的臀部。有“马尾晴雪”、“鞍峰夕照”、“蓬莱方舟”等景点。每当暴雨之后，流泉形成飞瀑，淡雾幻为白云，白马顿时在天空腾飞!
篇6：关于介绍贵州西江苗寨导游词
各位游客，欢迎你们参观享誉天下的赤水丹霞奇观。
赤水丹霞位于贵州省赤水市境内，是青年早期丹霞地貌的代表，其面积达1200多平方公里，是全国面积最大、发育最美丽壮观的丹霞地貌。赤水丹霞与湖南崀山、广东丹霞山、福建泰宁丹霞、江西龙虎山、浙江江郎山等6大著名丹霞地貌景区组合成为“中国丹霞”，并在第三十四届世界遗产大会上，正式列入世界遗产名录，成为中国第四十个世界遗产、第八个世界自然遗产。
大家知道，丹霞地貌是我国南方红色岩系发育的一种特殊地貌。它与古代丹霞分布地区沉积着厚厚的红色地层有关，当红色砂岩经长期风化剥离和流水侵蚀，岩层沿垂直节理方向发育，红层便被切割成一片片红色孤立的山峰和陡峭的奇岩怪石，形成我们如今看到的丹霞地貌。而赤水丹霞不同于国内其他地方之处，在于它属于青年早期的丹霞地貌，也是丹霞地貌最美的阶段。赤水丹霞不是单一丹霞地貌，而是结合了瀑布、湿地、山林等其他大自然的美景，森林覆盖率超过90%，被称为“绿色丹霞”和“覆盖型丹霞”，这里有着大面积古老植被和各种珍稀濒危动植物，使赤水丹霞更具生态价值和观赏价值。赤水丹霞以其艳丽鲜红的丹霞赤壁，拔地而起的孤峰窄脊，仪态万方的奇峰异石，巨大幽深的岩廊洞穴，优美迷人的丹霞峡谷等等，与绿色森林、飞瀑流泉相映成趣，形成了极高的旅游观赏价值。随着越来越多的国内外专家前来搜奇探胜，赤水丹霞充满诗情画意的山水之美、独特的地貌与景观之美和它以亘古的存在方式演绎、保存的自然遗产品位，开始剥开被岁月层层包裹的外壳，逐渐得到揭示。中国当代丹霞地貌研究领域学术带头人黄进教授在多次考察赤水丹霞之后评价说，赤水丹霞地貌面积之大，发育之典型，当属全国第一，是具有世界意义的宝贵财富。
朋友们，赤水丹霞是上苍遗落在黔西北的一颗明珠，含情脉脉地迎接着成千上万的游人雅士。赤水丹霞核心区面积为273.64平方公里，缓冲区为448.14平方公里，总面积为721.78平方公里，是中国丹霞景区中面积最大的丹霞景观。赤水的典型丹霞地貌主要发育于赤水市南部地区，赤水河将核心区分为东西两片，东片核心区为172.22平方公里，缓冲区为194.73平方公里，是赤水丹霞地貌分布面积最大、地貌形态最典型的区域，主要包括葫市镇以南、赤水河以东、习水河以西的地区，主要为流水深度侵蚀切割形成的山原峡谷地貌。西片核心区为101.42平方公里，缓冲区为253.41平方公里，位于赤水河以西、风溪河以东的赤水市西南部地区，河流切割程度小于东片，以高原峡谷为主。赤水丹霞以幽深的峡谷、红崖绝壁、溪流飞瀑以及茂密的森林和竹海等要素的有机组合形成了独具特色的丹霞地貌景观，使游客如在画境中游走，没有一处不令人迷恋。
赤水丹霞具有突出于众的美学价值。请看，赤水丹霞地区众多的河流从山顶奔泻而下，发育了典型的丹崖——峡谷地貌，山谷间有着数量众多的梯级马蹄形丹崖绝壁和瀑布群，丹崖赤壁发育的高度、宽度和体量之大，具有很强的视觉冲击力。这里有中国丹霞地貌上最大的十丈洞瀑布，高度达76米，宽度达80米，堪称是丹霞瀑布的奇观。享有“申遗主体景区”、“世界丹霞之冠”、“世界丹霞第一园”等诸多美誉的佛光岩景区位于赤水市元厚镇，距城区44公里，是世界自然遗产赤水丹霞的核心景区之一。佛光岩呈弧形，弧长1000余米，高300余米，早在侏罗纪、白垩纪时代就已形成，像是恐龙在灭绝前夕用生命和鲜血书写的一部无字天书，摊开在半天云海中。佛光岩中间有一条高200余米、宽40余米的白龙瀑，犹如赤云中飞身而下的一条白龙，看起来潇洒飘逸，颇能吸引游人的眼球。午后阳光照射下的佛光岩丹霞似火，血红的岩壁与雪白的瀑布相互映衬，与此同时白云弥漫，圆光五色似现其中，幻色幻象重重无尽，如佛光普照，赋予赤壁以神秘的色彩。这里还有闻名遐迩的五柱峰、丹霞城堡、茶花林、绝壁岩穴等30多个靓景奇观，由小金驿沟、世外桃源、太阳谷、犁辕沟、豹子沟等五大景段构成，面积为20平方公里，集新、奇、险、秀、幽、野六大特色于一体，吸引着越来越多的游客慕名前来。佛光岩景区谷深坡陡，溪河纵横，切割深度在500米至1300米之间，山峰多在1200米以上，断岩嶂谷，高低悬殊。出露地面的侏罗纪、白垩纪红色沉积岩，在风雨侵蚀、重力崩塌、差异风化等物理生化综合作用下，形成宝塔状、城堡状、针状、柱状、棒状、方山状、峰林状等无数奇异的丹霞地貌景观，放眼望去丹岩绝壁、奇峰异石、崖廓岩穴比比皆是，美不胜收。
好了，以上简要向大家介绍了赤水丹霞的风貌。相信大家来到这里，会看到自己心目中最美的丹霞。
祝你们旅程愉快!
篇7：关于英文的导游词_英文导游词_网
今天就给大家分享两篇国内关于英文的导游词给大家欣赏，希望你们喜欢哦。谢谢欣赏。
湖北三峡英文导游词
Good morning, ladies and Gentlemen, Welcome to China! Welcome to Hubei Province!
Today I am very pleased to show you Three Gorges of Yangtze River.
At first I’ll have a brief introduction of Yangtze River, the Yangtze River, the biggest river in China, the third longest in the World, starts with the Tuotuo River at the Roof of the World -Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, takes in countless rivers, and flows eastward across the interior of China. With an overall length of more than 6,300 kilometers, the Yangtze River, next only to the Amazon and the Nile, is the third biggest river in the world and is a cradle that breeds the ancient civilization of the Chinese nation.
When the Yangtze River reaches the eastern Sichuan Basin in southwest China, it cuts through the Wushan Mountain. Here the river course suddenly narrows and the waters become turbulent. Sheer cliffs and steep mountains rise on either side, creating one of natures most fantastic sights. The Three Gorges---Qutang, wuxia and xiling----start just after Fengjie and end near Yichang, stretch about 200 kilometers. The Gorges vary from 300metres at their widest to less than 100 meters at their narrowest.
Qutang Gorge is the smallest and shortest Gorge, but grandest of the three. The Yangtze River, mighty and rapid here is suddenly contained like a thousand seas poured into one cup, as the Song Dynasty poet SU Tungpo described the spectacle. High on the both bank, at a place called Bellows Gorge, are a series of crevices. This area is said to have been the home of an ancient tribe whose custom was to place the coffins of their crevices, some containing bronze swords, armour and other artifacts, but the coffins are believed to date back as far as the Warring States Period (475bc----221BC)
Wu Gorge extends 40 kilometers along which the river snakes between based strange-shaped mountain peaks, each of which has a reputation based on a beautiful legend. The story of the 12 Peaks of Wushan goes like this: 12 nymphs once descended to enjoy themselves in the secular world. Finding how perilous Wushan Gorge was, they decided to stay there to protect ships. As time went by, they transformed themselves into 12 peaks. The Goddess Peak, the most graceful of the 12, is said to have been yaoji, the youngest daughter of the Queen mother of the Western Heaven .Goddess Peak stands out from the other peaks on the northern bank to be the first to greet the morning sun and the last to bid it farewell, hence its another name, Viewing the glow Peak. Seen at a distance, it resembles the silhouette of a beautiful young lady.
Down stream from the zigzagging Wuxia Gorge is Xiling Gorge which stretches 78 kilometers eastward and the cliffs on either side rise to just over 900 meters. Xiling Gorge is awesome with its dangerous rapids, shoals, reefs, sharp turns, billowy whirlpools. The water at one point is so turbulent that it seems to be boiling during the flood season. Xiling Gorge in the east consists of several small gorges. On the top of another is a rock that looks like a sword. On the crag of the north bank are two pieces of brown rock, which are named Bulls Liver and Horse Lung, whose shape they take. Next does the Lantern Shadow Gorge, which has four rocks, resemble Monk Xuan Zang and his three disciples---Monkey, Piggy and Sandy in the classic Chinese adventures of the four on their way to India to obtain Buddhist scriptures.
Around the last bend of Xiling Gorge stretches a vast plain. The river suddenly becomes wide here. Travelers on the Yangtze cruise may also visit many sites of historical and scenic interest along the river banks including the ruined of baidi Town and Precious Stone Village.
Everyone knows that the Yangtze Gorges are changing since the well-known Three Gorges Dam Project is being built at Sabdouping, Yichang, Hubei Province. The dam is 181 meters in height. Its construction investment comes up to 203.9 billion rmb, equals to 24.65 billion U.S. dollars. The installed power generation capacity is expected to be 18.2 million kilo watts. With the dam built, the flood in the Yangtze River valley will be controlled, navigation improved besides the economic benefits. Tourism will be little affected. Many cultural and historical relics are now being removed to a higher ground before the rise of the water level approaches.
Ladies and Gentlemen, the time has gone very quickly and your trip is drawing to a close. It’s a pity that you cannot stay here any longer. Please allow me, then, take this opportunity to thank you for your cooperation and understanding, and if you come back in the future, I hope to see you again and be your guide again.
北京故宫英文导游词
(In front of the meridian gate)
Ladies and Gentlemen:
I am pleased to serve as your guide today.
This is the palace museum; also know as the Purple Forbidden City. It is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in China today. Under Ming Emperor Yongle, construction began in 1406. It took 14years to build the Forbidden City. The first ruler who actually lived here was Ming Emperor Zhudi. For five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when Qing Emperor Puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .In 1987, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization recognized the Forbidden City was a world cultural legacy.
It is believed that the Palace Museum, or Zi Jin Cheng (Purple Forbidden City), got its name from astronomy folklore, The ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the Ziwei Yuan(North Star). The constellation containing the North Star was called the Constellation of Heavenly God and star itself was called the purple palace. Because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. In folklore, the term ”an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, LaoZi, to the Hanghu Pass. Here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. The word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.
The red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. Red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. Yellow is the color of the earth on the Loess Plateau, the original home of the Chinese people. Yellow became an imperial color during the Tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.
The Forbidden City is rectangular in shape. It is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west. It has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters .A 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex. Octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall. There are four entrances into the city: the Meridian Gate to the south, the Shenwu Gate(Gate of Military Prowess) to the north, and the Xihua Gate(Gate of military Prowess) to the north, and the Xihua Gate(Western Flowery Gate )to the west ,the Donghua (Eastern Flowery Gate) to the east.
Manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the Forbidden City. A total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed. Marble was quarried from fangshan Country Mount Pan in Jixian County in Hebei Province. Granite was quarried in Quyang County in Hebei Province. Paving blocks were fired in kilns in Suzhou in southern China. Bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in Shandong Province .Timber was cut ,processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions.
The structure in front of us is the Meridian Gate. It is the main entrance to the forbidden City. It is also knows as Wufenglou(Five-Phoenix Tower). Ming emperors held lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of the Chinese lunar year in hornor of their counties .They also used this place for punishing officals by flogging them with sticks.
Qing emperors used this building to announce the beginning of the new year. Qing Emperor Qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremony from ban li(announcement of calendar)to ban shou(announcement of new moon )to avoid coincidental association with another Emperor` s name, Hongli, which was considered a taboo at that time. Qing Dynasty emperors also used this place to hold audience and for other important ceremonies. For example,when the imperial army returned victoriously from the battlefield ,it was here that the Emperor presided over the ceremony to accept prisoners of war.
(After entering the Meridian Gate and standing in front of the Five Marble Bridges on Golden Water River)
now we are inside the Forbidden City.Before we start our tour, I would like to briefly introduce you to the architectural patterns befour us .To complete this solemn, magnificent and palatial complex, a variety of buildings were arranged on a north-south axis, and 8-kilometer-long invisible line that has become an inseparable part of the City of Beijing. The Forbidden City covers roughly one –third of this central axis. Most of the important building in the Forbidden City weree arranged along this line. The design and arrangement of the palaces reflect the solemn dignity of the royal court and rigidly –stratified feudal system.
The Forbidden City is divided into an outer and an inner count.We are now standing on the southernmost part of the outer count. In front of us lies the Gate of supreme Harmony .The gate is guarded by a pair of bronze lions ,symbolizing imperial power and dignity. The lions were the most exquisite and biggest of its kind. The one on the east playing with a ball is a male, and ball is said to represent state unity. The other one is a female. Underneath one of its fore claws is a cub that is considered to be a symbol of perpetual imperial succession. The winding brook before us is the Golden Water River. It functions both as decoration and fire control .The five bridges spanning the river represent the five virtues preached by Confucius :benevolence, righteousness, rites, intellence and fidelity. The river takes the shape of a bow and the north-south axis is its arrow. This was meant to show that the Emperors ruled the country on behalf of God.
(In front of the Gate of Supreme Harmony)
The Forbidden City consists of an outer countyard and an inner enclosure. The out count yard covers a vast space lying between the Meridian Gate and the Gate of Heavenly Purity. The “three big halls” of Supreme Harmony, Complete Harmony and Preserving Harmony constitute the center of this building group. Flanking them in bilateral symmetry are two groups of palaces: Wenhua (Prominent Scholars) and Wuying (Brave Warriors) . The three great halls are built on a spacious “H”-shaped, 8-meter-high, triple marble terrace, Each level of the triple terrace is taller than the on below and all are encircled by marble balustrades carved with dragon and phoenix designs. There are three carved stone staircases linking the three architectures .The hall of supreme Harmony is also the tallest and most exquisite ancient wooden-structured mansion in all of China. From the palace of Heavenly Purith northward is what is known as the inner court, which is also built in bilaterally symmetrical patterns. In the center are the Palace of Heavenly Purity, the Hall of Union and Peace and Palace of Earthly Tranquility, a place where the Emperors lived with their families and attended to state affairs. Flanking these structures are palaces and halls in which concubines and princes lived. There are also three botanical gardens within the inner count, namely, the imperial Garden, Caning garden and Quailing garden. An inner Golden Water River flows eastwardly within the inner court. The brook winds through three minor halls or palaces and leads out of the Forbidden City. It is spanned by the White Jade Bridge. The river is lined with winding, marble –carved balustrades. Most of the structures within the Forbidden City have yellow glazed tile roofs.
Aside from giving prominence to the north-south axis, other architectural methods were applied to make every group of palatial structures unique in terms of terraces, roofs, mythical monsters perching on the roofs and colored, drawing patterns. With these, the grand contour and different hierarchic spectrum of the complex were strengthened. Folklore has it that there are altogether 9,999 room-units in the Forbidden City. Since Paradise only has 10,000 rooms, the Son of Heaven on earth cut the number by half a room. It is also rumoured that this half –room is located to the west of the Wenyuange Pavilion (imperial library). As a matter of fact, although the Forbidden City has more than 9,000 room-units, this half-room is nonexistent .The Wenyuange Pavilion is a library where “Si Ku Quan Shu”- China `s first comprehensive anthology-was stored.
(After walking past the Gate of Supreme Harmony)
Ladies and Gentlemen, the great hall we are approaching is the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the biggest and tallest of its king in the Forbidden City. This structure covers a total building space of 2,377 square meters, and is know for its upturned, multiple counterpart eaves . The Hall of Supreme Harmony sits on a triple “H”-shaped marble terrace the is 8meters high and linked by staircases. The staircase on the ground floor has 21 steps while the middle and upper stairways each have 9.
The construction of the Hall of Supreme Harmony began in 1406. It burned down three times and was severely damaged once during a mutiny. The existing architecture was built during the Qing Dynasty. On the corners of the eaves a line of animal-nails were usually fastened to the tiles. These animal-nails were later replace with mythical animals to ward off evil spirits. There are altogether 9 such fasteners on top of this hall. The number nine was regarded by the ancients to be the largest numeral accessible to man and to which only the emperors were entitled.
There was a total of 24 successive emperors during the Ming and Qing dynasties who were enthroned here. The ball was also used for ceremonies which marked other great occasions: the Winter Solstice, The Chinese Lunar New Year, the Emperor` s birthday, conferral of the title of empress, the announcement of new laws and policies, and dispatches of generals to war .On such occasions, the Emperor would hold audience for his court officials and receive their tributes.
This area is called the Hall of Supreme Harmony Square, which covers a total of 30,000 square meters, Without a single tree or plant growing here, this place inspires visitors to feel its solemnity and grandeur. In the middle of the square there is a carriageway that was reserved for the Emperor. On both sides of the road the groud bricks were laid in a special way seven layers lengthwise and eight layers crosswise, making up fifteen layers in all. The purpose of this was to prevent anyone from tunneling his way into the palace. In the count yard there are iron vats for storing water to fight fires. In the whole complex there are altogher 308 water vats. In wintertime, charcoal was burned underneath the vats to keep the water from freezing .Why so vast a square? It was designed to impress people with the hall` s grandeur and vastness. Imagine the following scene. Under the clear blue sky, the yellow glazed tiles shimmered as the cloud-like layers of terrace, coupled with the curling veil of burning incense, transformed the hall of supreme Harmony into a fairyland. Whenever major ceremonies were held, the glazed, crane-shaped candleholders inside the hall would be it, and incense and pine branches burnt in front of the hall. When the Emperor appeared, drums were beaten and musical instrument played. Civilian officials and generals would kneel know in submission.
The last Qing emperor Puyi assumed the throne in 1908, at the age of three, His father carried him to the throne. At the start of the coronation, the sudden drum-beating and loud music caught the young emperor unprepared .He was so scared that he kept crying and shouting,”I don’t want to stay here. I want to go home.” His father tried to soothe him, saying, ”It` all soon be finished .It` all soon be finished ”The ministers present at the event considered this incident inauspicious. Coincidentally, the Qing dynasty collapsed three years later and there with concluded China `s feudal system that had lasted for more than 2,000 years.
(On the stone terrace of the Hall of Supreme Harmony)
This is a bronze incense burner. In it incense made of sandalwood would be burnt on important occasions. There are altogether 18 incense burners, representing all of the provinces under the rule of the Sing monarchs. On either side of the Hall, 4 bronze water-filled vats were placed in case of fire. Next to the terrace on either side, there is a bronze crane and tortoise, symbols of longevity. This copper-cast grain measure is called ”jialiang.” It served as the national standard during the Qing dynasty. It was meant to show that the imperial ruler were just and open to rectification. On the other side there is a stone sundial, an ancient timepiece. The jialiang and the sundial were probably meant to show what the Emperor represented: that he was the only person who should possess the standards of both measure and time.
In the very forefront of the Hall of Supreme Harmony , there are 12 scarlet , round pillars supporting the roof. The hall is 63 meters from east to west and 37 meters from north to south, It is 35 meters in height. In front of this architechture, there stands a triple terrace with five staircases leading up to the main entrance .It has 40 gold doors and 16 gold-key windows with colored drawings on the pillars and beams. In the middle of the hall, a throune carved with 9 dragons sits on a 2-meter-high platform. Behind the throne there is a golden screen and in front of it, there is a imperial desk . The flanks are decorated with elephants, Luduan(a legendary beast), cranes, and incense barrels. The elephant carries a vase on its back that holds five cereals(i. e. rice, two kinds of millet, wheat and beans),which was considered a symbol of prosperity. As ancient legend has it that luduan can travel 18,000 li (9,000 kilometers )in one day and knows all languages and dialects. Only to a wise adjust monarch will this beast be a guardian.
The Hall of Supreme Harmony is also popularly known as Jinluan Dian (gold bell hall or the throne hall). The floor of the hall is laid with bricks that turn it into a smooth, fine surface as if water has been sprinkled on it .The so-called golden brick, in fact, has nothing to do with gold. Reserved exclusively for the construction of the royal court, it was made in a secretive, and complex way, and, when struck, sounds like the clink of a gold bar. Each brick was worth the market price of one dan (or one hectoliter ) of rice.
The hall is supported by a total of 72 thick pillars .Of these, 6 are carved in dragon patterns and painted with gold and surround the throne. Above the very center of this hall there is a zaojing, or covered ceiling, which is one of the Specialities of China `s ancient architure. In the middle of the ceiling is a design of a dragon playing with a ball inlaid with peals. This copper ball, hollow inside and covered with mercury, is known as the Xuanyuan Mirror and is thought to be made Xuanyuan, a legendary monarch dating back to remote antiquity. The placing of the caisson above the throne is meant to suggest that all of China` s successive emperors are Zuanyuan` s descendants and hereditary heirs. Now you might have noticed that the Xuanyuan mirror is not directly above the throne. Why? It is rumored that Yuan Shikai, a self-acclaimed warlord-turned emperor moved the throne further back because he was afraid that the mirror might fall on him .In 1916 when Yuan Shikai became emperor, he removed the original throne with a Western-style, high-back chair. After the foundation of the People` s Republic of China in 1949 the throne was found in a shabby furniture warehouse. It repaired and returned to the hall.
(Leading the tourist to the bronze vats either on the east or the west)
the water vats in front of the palaces or house were called “menhai,” or sea before the door by the ancient Chinese. They believed that with a sea by the door, fire could not wreak havoc. The vats served both as a decoration and as a fire extinguisher. They were kept full of water all year round.
During the Qing Dynasty, they were altogether 308 vats in the palace enclosure. They were made of gilt bronze or iron. Of couse, the gilt bronze vats were of the best quality. When the allied forces (Britain, Germany, France, Russia, the United States, Italy, Japan and Austria) invaded Beijing in 1900 under the pretext of suppressing the Boxer Rebellion, the invaders ransacked the imperial compound and scraped and gold off the vats with their bayonets. During the Japanese occupation of Beijing, many vats were trucked away by the Japanese to be made into bullets .
(In front of the Hall of Complete Harmony)
The square architecture before us is called the Hall of Complete Harmony. It served as an antechamber. The Emperor came here to meet with his countiers and add his final touches to the prayers which would be read at the ancestral Temple. The seeds, snowers and prayer intended for spring sowing were also examined here. The two Qing sedan chairs here on display were used for traveling within the palace during the reign of Emperor Qianlong.
(In front of the hall f Preserving Harmony)
this is the Hall of Preserving Harmony. During the Qing Dynasty, banquets were held here on New Year` s eve in honour of Mongolian and Northwestern China` s xingjiang princes and ranking officials. The Emperor also dinned here with his new son-in-law on the wedding day. Imperial examinations were also held here once every three years. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were three levels of exams: the county and prefectural level, the provincial level and national level. The national exam was presided over by the emperor. The civil service exam in ancient China started during the Han Dynasty. It served the purpose of recruiting Confucian scholars to the ministers and high officials. During the Tang and Qing dynasties reinstituted and ancient system. Once every three years, three hundred scholars from all over the country came to Beijing and took exams for three day and night. This system was abolished in 1905.
(Behind the hall of preserving harmony)
this is the largest stone carving in the palace . It is 16.73 meters long, 3.07 meters wide and 1.7 meters thick .It weighs about 200 tons. The block was quarried in Fangshan County, roughly 70 kilometers away. To transport such a huge block to Beijing, laborers dug wells along the roadside half a kilometer apart, and used the groundwater to make a road of ice in the winter. Rolling blocks were used in the summer. In 1760, Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty ordered the carving of the existing cloud and dragon design in place of the old one which dated back to the Ming Dynasty.
Note : From here, the tour can be conducted via three different routes: a western route(Route A), a central route (Route B) or an eastern route (Route C) .The commentary for each follows.
Route A
Ladies and Gentlemen:
You have seen the three main halls of the Forbidden City. Now I ` d like to show you around the hall of mental cultivation and the imperial garden . The hall of mental cultivation is situated is in the western part of the innermost enclosure and is symmetrical to Fengxian (enshrinement of forebears) Hall in the east. This hall was built during the Ming Dynasty. IT is a H-shaped structure consisting of an antechamber and a main building .The hall is surrounded by corridors. In front of the hall is the Office of Privy Council.
Before Emperor Kangxi of Qing the Dynasty came to power the Hall of Heavenly Purity served as the living quarter of the emperors. Emperor Yongzheng chose to live in this hall and attended to every day state affairs from here .For the sake of protecting cultural relics, this hall is not open to the public .You can have a look at the inside from the door. The central hall was the audience chamber where the emperor read memorials, granted audience to officials and summoned his minsters for consultation. The western chamber of the hall was where the emperor read reports and discussed military and political affairs. The hall consists of many inner rooms and is decorated with images of Buddha and miniature pagodas. On the screen wall there hangs a picture of two emperors in the Han costume. In a southern room there three rare calligraphic scrolls, hence the name of the room “Sanxitang” (Room of Three Rare Treasures) . The room on the eastern side is of historical interst because it was here that Empress Dowager Cixi usurped power and made decisions on behalf of the young emperor . A bamboo curtain was used to separate them .
Empress Dowage Cixi was born in 1835 in Lu` an Prefecture of shanxi province. She` s of Manchurian nationality and her father was a provincial governor from south China. When she was 17 years old ,she was selected to become a concubine of Emperor Xianfeng and moved into the Forbidden City. She gave birth to a son when she was 21years old and was made a concubine the following year. When the emperor passed away in the summer of 1861, her son ascended the throne and title of Cixi, meaning “Holy Mother” was conferred upon her and she became the Empress Dowager. In that same year Empress Dowager Cixi carried out a count coup d` etat and ruled behind the scenes with another empress dowager, Ci` an, for 48 years. She passed away in 1908 at the age of 73. It was in reference to this situation that the term “attending to state affairs behind a bamboo curtain” developed .In 1912 , Empress dowager Longyu declared the abdication of the last Qing emperor Puyi. They were allowed to remain in the Forbidden City for the next 13 years .The royal family was forced to move out permanently in 1924.
Behind the central hall were the living accommodation of 8 successive Qing emperors .Three of them actually passed away here. The side rooms flanking the hall were reserved for empresses and concubines. Now let` s continue with our tour. It will take us to the Hall of heavenly purity , the hall of union and peace ,the palace of earthly tranquility, and the imperial garden.
Route B
(Inside the Hall of heavenly Purity)
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We are now entering the inner court. From the Gate of Heavenly Purity northward lies the inner court where the emperors and empresses once lived .The Hall of heavenly Purity is the central hall of the inner court ,and was completed during the Reign of Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty. There are 10 pillars supporting the entire structure and the hall is 20 meters in height .In the center of the hall there a throne. Above it hangs a plaque with an inscription that reads “Be open and above-board,” written by Shenzhi,the first emperor of the Qing Dynasty. Beginning with Qianlong` s reign, the name of the successor to the throne was not publicly announced .instead, it was written on two pieces of paper, one to be kept on the emperor` s person throughout his reign, and the other placed in a small strongbox that was stored behind his plaque. The box was opened only after the emperor passed away. Altogether there where 4 emperors who ascended the throne in this way, namely Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daohuang and Xian feng.
The hall of heavenly purity was where the emperors lived during the Ming and Qing dynasties. According to tradition ,extravagant annual banquets were held here on New Year` s Eve in honour of royal family members. Foreign ambassadors were received here during the late-Qing period. Two important “one thousand old men` s feasts” of the Qing Dynasty were also held here. All the invitees had to be at least 65 years of age.
This hall was also used for mourning services.
(Inside the Palace of Union and Peace)
this hall sits between the Hall of heavenly Purity and the Palace of Earthly Tranquility, symbolizing the union of heaven and earth ,as well as national peace .It was first built in 1420 and reconstructed in 1798. The hall is square in shape ,and is smaller than the Hall of complete Harmony .You will see a plaque here inscribed with two Chinese characters, wu wei, which were handwritten by Emperor Qianglong. A throne sits in the middle of the hall with a screen behind it .Above the throne there hangs a caisson ,or covered ceiling. The emperor held birthday celebrations and other major events here.
In 1748 during Emperor Qianlong` s reign, 25 jade seals representing imperial authority were kept in this hall .No seals were allowed out of the room without the prior consent of the emperor. On each flack there is a water clock and a chiming clock.
(Inside the palace of earthly tranquility)
This used to be the central hall where successive Ming empresses lived. During the Qing dynasty, it was converted into a place where sacrifices and wedding ceremonies were held .The room on the western side was used for sacrifices and the room on the east was the seeding chamber.
Route C
Ladies and Gentlemen:
You have seen the three main halls of the Forbidden City. Now I` d like to show you around scenes of interest along the eastern route. The first is the Treasure Hall. This mansion is called the Hall of Imperial Zenith. This is where Sing Emperor Quailing lived after abdication. Nearly 1,000 artifacts and treasures are on display here, among which the Golden Hair Tower is one of the most famous. This tower is 1.53meters in height and its base is 0.53 meters in circumference .It was built under the order of Emperor Quailing to be used to collect fallen hair in commemoration of his mother. There is also a “Day harnessing Water Jade Hill ” on display here. Yu was a legendary monarch of the remote Ixia dynasty. Under his leadership, the people learned how to harness the Yellow River. This jade assemblage, 224 centimeters in height and 5 tons in weight, is the largest jade artwork in China. This mat was woven with peeled ivory. These artifacts are among China` s rarest treasures.
(In front of the Nine-Dragon Screen)
this is the Nine-Dragon Relief Screen .Erected in 1773,it is 3.5 meters in height and 29.4 meters in width. Underneath is a foundation made of marble .The surface of the screen is laid with a total of 270 colored, glazed tiles in the design of 9 dragons ,some rocky mountains ,clouds and the sea. It was meant to ward off evil spirits The ancient Chinese regarded 9 dragons, some rocky mountains, clouds and the sea. It was meant to ward off evil spirits .The ancient Chinese regarded 9 as the largest numeral and the dragon as a auspicious beast .The 9 dragons are different in color and posture and all are made of glazed tiles. Interestingly a piece of the third dragon from the left is made of wood. It is believe that when the Nine-dragon Screen was almost finished ,a piece of glazed tile was damaged .Emperor Qianlong was scheduled to inspect the work the following day .Using quick wits, the craftsman in question molded the missing piece with clay and sailed through the imperial inspection. Later ,he asked a carpenter to carve a wooden one to replace the one made of clay.
(Approaching the Imperial Garden)
Behind the Palace of Earthly Tranquility and trading the north-south axis is the imperial Garden. There are old trees, rare flowers and exotic rock formation in this garden .It cover a space of 11,700 square meters, or roughly 1.7 percent of the Forbidden City. Most of the structures in the garden are symmetrically arranged . However, each is different in terms of parrern and decoration. Woods clumps of bamboo screen off the garden and strengthens its deep and serene atmosphere.
There main structure of the Imperial Garden is the Qin` an Hall. Positioned in the central-northern part of the garden ,this hall is flanked by other halls and pavilions on the east and west. The hall sits on a marble pedestal. The Taoist deity of Zhenwu is enshrined here and emperor would pay homage here a quarterly basis. Taoist rites were held during the reign of Emperor Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty. In front of the hall there is a cypress that is 400 years old .In all there are a dozen such rare trees in the garden, and most of them are cypresses or pines. To the northwest of the hall , there is the Yanhui(Sustaining Sunshine) Pavilion and to the northeast there lies the Duixiu (Accumulated Refinement )Hill. This Hill was built over the foundation of the long- pershed Guanhua (Admiring Flowers) Hall of the Ming Dynasty. It is 14 meters in height and made of al kinds of rocks quarried in jiang su province. At its base stand two nstone lions, each carrying a dragon shooting water 10 meters up into the air from its mouth. There are meandering paths leading to the hilltop. At the top of Duixiu Hill sits the Yujing (Imperial Viewing)Pavilion. Traditionally, On the day of the Double Ninth Festival (the ninth day of the ninth lunar month ), the emperor ,his consort, and his concubines would climb up to Yujing Pavilion to enjoy the scenery.
At the southeastern corner of the Garden is Jiangxue(Crimson Snowy) Verandah. Nearby to the southwest lies Yangxing Study (study of the cultivation of nature) .The yangxing study was used as a royal library during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. The last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, Puyi once studied English there. In front of the Jiangxue Verandah some Chinese flowering crabapples grow. The structure got its name from the crabapples who blossoms trun from crimson to snowy white. In front of the Verandah, there grows a rare flower that was brought from henna Province under the order of Empress dowager Cixi. In the northest is Chizao Tang (Hall of Using Flowery Language), once used as a library where rare books were stored.
There are also specific pavilions symbolizing the four seasons .The halls of Wanchun and Qianqiu ,representing spring and autumn respectively ,are square in shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shaped ridges. The halls of Chengrui and Fubi,dedecated to winter and summer, are characterized by two verandahs and bridges at their bases .Paths were paved with colorful pebbles and arranged in 900 different designs.
The Imperial Garden can be accessed through the Qiong yuan (Jade Garden )West gate or the qiong yuan east gate. A third gate, the shunzhen(Obedience and Fidelity)Gate, opens to the north. Its doors are laid in glazed tiles and it was only used by the empress or concubines.
As our tour of the Forbidden City draws to a close, I hope that I have helped you understand why the Palace is a treasure of China and one of the cultural relics of the world. It is under the strict protection of the Chinese government. Since 1949 when the people` s Rupublic of China was founded, nearly one trillion RMB was spent on its restoration and refurbishment. The Forbidden City has undergone four major facelifts to date. Each year, the government earmarks a large sum to gather, sort and study cultural relics. The Palace now contains a total of 930,000cultural relics. Well, so much for today .Let` s go to reboard the coach. Thank you !
篇8：介绍北京云居寺的导游词范文
云居寺位于北京西南房山区境内，距市中心70公里。占地面积70000多平方米。由云居寺、石经山藏经洞、唐辽塔群构成我国佛教文化特色一大宝库。1961年3月4日被国务院首批公布为全国重点文物保护单位。1992年，作为世界上保存石刻经版最多的寺庙入选“北京旅游世界之最”，同年云居寺塔及石经列为世界文化遗产预备清单。1997年以来连续四年被评为“北京市文明旅游景区”，同年被命名为“北京市爱国主义教育基地”。1999年荣获“京郊环境建设示范景区”和“北京花园式单位”荣誉称号，20xx年荣列国家AAAA级旅游景区，同年通过ISO9001质量管理体系和ISO14001环境管理体系双认证。20xx年11月15日被北京市人民政府批准为市级风景名胜区。
云居寺始建于隋末唐初，经过历代修葺，形成五大院落六进殿宇。两侧有配殿和帝王行宫、僧房，并有南北两塔对峙;寺院坐西朝东，环山面水，形制宏伟，享有“北方巨刹”的盛誉。1942年云居寺被 日军炮火夷为废墟。1985年成立云居寺修复绿化委员会，进行了一期修复工程和周边绿化。1998年后，进行了石经回藏及二期修复工程。目前，云居寺已恢复了昔日的庄严。
云居寺是佛教经籍荟萃之地，寺内珍藏着石经、纸经、木版经号称“三绝”。“石刻佛教大藏经”始刻于隋大业年间(620xx年)，僧人静琬等为维护正法刻经于石。刻经事业历经隋、唐、辽、金、元、明、六个朝代，绵延1039年，镌刻佛经1122部、3572卷、14278块。象这样大规模刊刻，历史这样长久，确是世界文化史上罕见的壮举，堪与文明寰宇的万里长城、京杭大运河相媲美，是世上稀有而珍贵的文化遗产。被誉为“北京的敦煌”、“世界之最”。“房山石经”是一部自隋唐以来绵延千年的佛教经典，不仅在佛教研究、政治历史、社会经济、文化艺术等各方面蕴藏着极为丰富的历史资料。而且在书法艺术上有着重要的文化价值和艺术价值。
石经山云居寺位于北京西南约75公里处的白带山麓，始建于隋大业年间，全称"西域云居掸林"，是佛教圣地，鼎盛时寺院内有僧数百。该寺及石经山藏经洞被列为全国重点文物保护单位。
石经山云居寺位于北京西南约75公里处的白带山麓，白带山因藏有石经，又称石经山。云居寺在房山区南尚乐。
云居寺石经山风景区乡水头村，始建于隋大业年间，全称"西域云居掸林"。寺庙原规模宏大，坐西朝东，依山而建，有五层院落，六进殿宇。中路有天王殿、毗卢殿、大雄宝殿、药师殿、弥陀殿、大悲殿等，两旁均有配殿。南北两路设有客舍、行宫，两侧各有砖塔一座自隋唐以来，这里一直是佛教圣地，鼎盛时寺院内有僧数百。这座历史悠久的庙宇，在抗战期间毁于日本侵略军之手，只有北端辽代砖塔幸存下来。解放后逐步恢复，并建起了石经展室和经版库及文物陈列馆。该寺已于1985年对外开放。
云居寺保藏了完整的"石经"。佛教传入中国后，发生过多次灭佛行动。云居寺创始人隋代僧人静琬的师傅慧思，鉴于南北朝时期的灭佛教训，发愿将佛经刻石收藏，以防教灭。静琬承其师志，从隋大业年间至唐贞观年间，就地取石刻经。静琬圆寂后，他的四代弟子相继主持刻经事业，历代相承，直至明末清初才告结束。前后历时近千年，刻经百余部，经版万余块，分别贮存于石经山藏经洞和云居寺南塔下的藏经穴内。藏经洞分上下两层，凿有九个洞窟，其中，八个是封闭式的，里面叠藏双面刻字的石经版。另外一个是开放式的，也是九洞中最大的，名叫雷音洞。洞前有门窗，内有四根八棱石柱支撑洞顶，石柱各面雕有佛像共1054尊，故称千佛柱。静琬最初所刻石经版146方，镶嵌在洞壁上。
云居寺和石经山上还存有唐辽两代小石塔十余座，这些塔内雕像神态生动，线条流畅，显示了唐辽时代建筑和雕刻艺术的成就。云居寺石经是我国珍贵的文化遗产，对我国古代文化、历史、艺术和佛教历史、典籍的研究，都具有重大价值和意义。该寺及石经山藏经洞被列为全国重点文物保护单位。
云居寺位于北京西南房山区境内，距市中心70公里。占地面积70000多平方米。由云居寺、石经山藏经洞、唐辽塔群构成我国佛教文化特色一大宝库。1961年3月4日被国务院首批公布为全国重点文物保护单位。1992年，作为世界上保存石刻经版最多的寺庙入选“北京旅游世界之最”，同年云居寺塔及石经列为世界文化遗产预备清单。1997年以来连续四年被评为“北京市文明旅游景区”，同年被命名为“北京市爱国主义教育基地”。1999年荣获“京郊环境建设示范景区”和“北京花园式单位”荣誉称号，20xx年荣列国家AAAA级旅游景区，同年通过ISO9001质量管理体系和ISO14001环境管理体系双认证。20xx年11月15日被北京市人民政府批准为市级风景名胜区。
云居寺始建于隋大业年间(公元605—620xx年)，至辽圣宗时期(公元983—1020xx年)形成五大院落、六进殿宇，金、元、明、清各代都有修葺。1942年遭到日本侵略军轰炸毁环。 云居寺虽然被炮火所毁，但闻名于世的石刻大藏经埋藏地下，保存完好。
云居寺石经始刻于隋大业年间。当时高僧静琬继承其师北齐南岳慧思遗愿，在石经山刻石造经。唐贞观十三年(公元639年)静琬逝后其弟子玄导、仪么、慧暹、玄法又相继主持刻经事业，历经隋、唐、辽、金、元、明诸朝，延续千载，至明末。经版藏于石经山九个山洞中，其中藏经最早也最重要的是第五洞穴，称雷音洞。
静琬最初所刻的一百四十六块石经镶嵌于洞内四壁之上。洞中央有四根八角形石柱，每根柱上均有浮雕佛像，共一千多尊，称千佛柱。由于山洞藏经贮满，辽金时代续刻的经版就没再运上山，而藏于云居寺南塔下地穴中。
寺的南北有两座辽塔对峙，南塔又称藏经塔，地下有藏经穴，塔已无存。北塔原名舍利塔，又叫罗汉塔，高三十米。下部为楼阁式，中间空，有磴道可登;上部是覆钵形，有相轮、宝顶。这种建筑形式在中国现存古塔中极具特色。 塔的四面各建有一座三米多高的小唐塔，为唐景云二年(公元720xx年)至开元十五年(公元720xx年)间所建。五塔形成一个整体，为中国金刚宝座塔(五塔)的早期实例。寺内及周围山上还有唐、辽、明各代建造的砖、石塔十余座，其中以石刻大藏经创始人静琬的墓塔——琬公塔和为纪念唐代金仙公主捐助刻经事业而建的金仙公主塔最为著名。
北塔是辽代砖砌舍利塔，又称“罗汉塔”，始建于辽代天庆年间(1111～1120xx年)，高30多米，塔身集楼阁式、覆钵式和金刚宝座三种形式为一体，造型极为特殊。塔的下部为八角形须弥座，上面建楼阁式砖塔两层，再上置覆钵和“十三天”塔刹。这种造型的辽塔，十分少见。
四座唐塔都有明确的纪年，塔的平面呈正方形，七层，分单檐和密檐式两种，而造型大致相同。塔身上雕刻着各种佛像，其中唐开元十五年(720xx年)所建的石塔，内壁雕刻有一个供养人，此人深目高鼻，推断应为外国人形象，这与当时唐代与中西亚交流广泛、大量任用外族为官有直接关系。雕刻的服饰十分华丽，线条细腻流畅，反映了盛唐中外文化交流的繁盛景象。
云居寺座落在北京西南郊七十多公里处的白带山(又称石经山)西南麓，以埋藏有中国文化遗产中的稀世瑰宝、石刻佛教大藏经经——著称于世。 中国佛教协会于1956年在政府支持及全国佛教界的协力下对这一举世无双的重大文化遗产进行了发掘，历时三年，完成了发掘和拓印工作，并在随后组织力量整理研究，编印了，现正在陆续出版中。云居寺石经共镌刻佛教经籍一千余部、三千余卷，有经版一万四千多块。它不仅是佛学研究的巨大宝藏，而且因为唐代石刻的底本，大部分是依据唐金仙公主奉赠的宫廷抄录本，辽金刻本是依据久已失传的，在文字上与一般本子有很大出入，所以还是校勘现有佛教木刻经籍的实物根据。石刻对研究古代社会、探讨金石、书法艺术的发展也有很高的学术价值。云居寺还供奉有佛舍利，这些佛舍利是1981年在雷音洞内地下发现，密封在层层套装的五个石函、银函、玉函中。
函盖上刻有安置年月，函内有供奉佛舍利的珠宝。中国佛教协会1987年4月曾隆重举行迎请法会，接待佛教徒瞻礼和国际友人观光。云居寺殿堂从1985年起由政府资助和海内外一些团体集资修复。
云居寺始建于隋末唐初，经过历代修葺，形成五大院落六进殿宇。两侧有配殿和帝王行宫、僧房，并有南北两塔对峙;寺院坐西朝东，环山面水，形制宏伟，享有“北方巨刹”的盛誉。1942年云居寺被日军炮火夷为废墟。1985年成立云居寺修复绿化委员会，进行了一期修复工程和周边绿化。1998年后，进行了石经回藏及二期修复工程。目前，云居寺已恢复了昔日的庄严。
云居寺是佛教经籍荟萃之地，寺内珍藏着石经、纸经、木版经号称“三绝”。“石刻佛教大藏经”始刻于隋大业年间(620xx年)，僧人静琬等为维护正法刻经于石。刻经事业历经隋、唐、辽、金、元、明、六个朝代，绵延1039年，镌刻佛经1122部、3572卷、14278块。象这样大规模刊刻，历史这样长久，确是世界文化史上罕见的壮举，堪与文明寰宇的万里长城、京杭大运河相媲美，是世上稀有而珍贵的文化遗产。被誉为“北京的敦煌”、“世界之最”。“房山石经”是一部自隋唐以来绵延千年的佛教经典，不仅在佛教研究、政治历史、社会经济、文化艺术等各方面蕴藏着极为丰富的历史资料。而且在书法艺术上有着重要的文化价值和艺术价值。
纸经现藏220xx多卷，为明代刻印本和手抄本，包括明南藏、明北藏和单刻佛经等。而其中的《大方广佛华严经》为妙莲寺比丘祖慧刺破舌尖血写成，被誉为“舌血真经”，尤为珍贵。
木经始刻于清朝雍正十一年(1733年)至乾隆三年(1738年)，现存77000多块，内容极为丰富，是集佛教传入中国20xx年来译著之大成。堪称我国木板经书之最。世界上现存两部汉文大藏经，一部为云居寺现存的《龙藏》，另一部是韩国海印寺的。
篇9：介绍重庆磁器口的导游词范文
磁器口古镇位于重庆市沙坪坝区嘉陵江畔，东临嘉陵江，南接沙坪坝，西接童家桥，北靠石井坡，距主城区3公里。磁器口古镇拥有”一江两溪三山四街”的独特地貌。马鞍山踞其中，左边金碧山，右边凤凰山，三山遥望。凤凰、清水双溪潆洄并出，嘉陵江由北而奔，形成天然良巷。
来磁器口古镇，这个当年热闹的水陆码头，踩踩青石板路，品尝当地的美食小吃，找个茶馆坐坐，感受下老重庆的风土人情。因为距离市区很近，如今的古镇也是市民休闲娱乐的好去处。
古镇有十几条街巷，两旁边都是明清风格的建筑。当然，游客眼前的一切，都是近年来重新翻新的。不过这并不影响你在这里感受“老重庆”。古镇不大，根据指示牌步行游览完全没有问题。
钟家院、通家院等是古镇中典型的川东山地民居，值得一看。镇上的宝轮寺，有千年历史，可以敬香祈福。街边还有不少茶馆，找一家坐坐，当年的水手、袍哥大爷等都喜爱出入此间。喝茶的同时，有机会欣赏到当地的民间艺术，如：川剧坐唱、四川清音等。
古镇内能够品尝到很多当地的美食和小吃。毛血旺、千张皮和椒盐花生是镇上的“美食三绝”。更出名的是“陈麻花”，镇上有很多家“陈麻花”，哪家最正宗?可以看看哪家门店前排队最长。
古镇距离歌乐山的白公馆、渣滓洞不算远，可以一并游玩。
篇10：导游词英文
Welcome to Jiuhua Mountain. Im Xiaoyu, the tour guide. Im very glad thatwe are here. I hope we can have a perfect tour together. There are 99 peaks inJiuhua Mountain, which is the holy land of Buddhism. Therefore, in order toensure safety, people will come to Jiuhua Mountain to worship Buddha and visitthe magnificent scenery of Jiuhua Mountain.
From the foot of Jiuhua Mountain, you can see that there are clouds and allkinds of strange pines and rocks. Isnt it beautiful. Now we go to the top ofthe mountain by car. There are two tall ginkgo trees on the top of the mountain.One is a male tree and the other is a mother tree. It is said that these twoancient trees were planted by Li Bai, the "immortal poet". Now we are going toDaxiong hall, the oldest palace in Jiuhua Mountain. There is a semicircularreleasing pool in front of the door of Daxiong hall. Why? Because the front doorof the palace is facing a mountain peak like a climbing tiger. A feng shuimaster said that this is a bad omen, so he asked the little monks to build apond in front of the palace A semicircular releasing pool is used as a bow, andthe stone elephant beside it is used as a bow and arrow to guard the palace. Youcan worship in the hall. The Bodhisattva in the hall is kind-hearted and lookslike the real one.
Now we come to the most famous scenic spot of Jiuhua Mountain - Tiantai.Standing on the rooftop, looking up, the rooftop is shrouded in clouds, themountain path is rolling, like a ribbon falling from the clouds. You can see thetourists up the mountain like little white dots scattered on the ribbon.
Well, now we are ready to go down the mountain. We can come back when wehave a chance. If we have a chance, Xiaoyu will be our guide again.
篇11：介绍山东崂山的导游词
“西边的太阳快要落山了，微山湖上静悄悄，弹起我心爱的土琵琶，唱起那动人的歌谣……”
因电影《铁道游击队》而闻名全国的微山湖位于山东省济宁市微山县，承纳了鲁、苏、皖、豫四省八个地区的来水，由微山、昭阳、独山、南阳四个彼此相连的湖泊组成，形成了我国北方最大的淡水湖。京杭大运河纵贯全湖，至今仍能通航。
微山岛是湖中第一大岛，岛上文化古迹众多，境内有殷周微子墓、汉初张良墓、春秋目夷墓、伏义陵(庙)、仲子路庙、六合泉、圣母泉以及大量的庙宇亭台、古碑刻石、汉画像石等古迹，还有铁道游击队纪念碑供人缅怀。
每年7～8月，十万亩荷花开遍湖中，蔚为壮观。7～8月份还是捕鱼季节，此时来微山湖既可欣赏荷花、还能品尝时鲜。一年一度的荷花会每年8月在荷花景观最集中的小微山湖举行。还有铁道游击队纪念碑供人缅怀。
篇12：介绍武汉经典的导游词解说
各位朋友大家好，我是__旅行社的导游员__，在这里我对大家光临武汉市表示热烈的欢迎，在接下去的时间里将由我为各位提供导游讲解服务，我一定会尽力安排好各位的行程，使大家在这次旅游活动中感到开心愉快。
好，下面请大家随我一起去坐游船游览武汉的夜景。
在上船之前呢，我还是为大家简要的介绍一下武汉市的情况。
武汉市是湖北省的省会，面积8467平方公里，人口831万，是华中地区最大的城市，也是全国的特大城市之一，来到我们武汉，您一定会听到武汉三镇的说法，的确，武汉市被长江和汉水分为武昌、汉口、汉阳三镇，所以人们就习惯于这样说了。还有一句话说“一勺舀起两江水，一杯清茶三镇香”，说的也正是武汉这一独特的地理格局，由于得两江之便，又地处华中腹地，所以自古以来武汉就得了九省通衢的美誉。
如果您以前来过武汉市，我想今晚的游程一定会让您和我一样想起过去的武汉，如果您是第一次来，那么您看到的将是武汉真实的现在和蒸蒸日上的未来。
好了，现在我们已经到达了今天我们上船的地方武汉港，它是交通部和武汉市七五重点建设项目，1992年初开始运营，是我国内陆及长江上最大的客运港。现在在武汉港里，我们也许只能感受到它的雄伟，不过我现在要提醒大家，待会儿从江面上回过头来再看它时，您定会有一种“不识庐山真面目，只缘身在此山中”的感慨了，我们现在登船。
我们游船现在所在的位置就是在长江和汉水的交汇之处，浑黄的长江水和碧绿的汉江水构成了一个大大的人字，把武汉分为三镇。这里也是一个风云际会的好地方，山与山相望，水与水相亲。长江和汉水的交汇处便是南岸嘴，我们现在看到的南岸嘴是长堤和碧水相依，绿草与华灯相映，成为江城游人的好去处，南岸嘴的地理位置与被称为德国角的莫塞河莱茵河交汇处极为相似，但规模更大，气势更恢弘，所以武汉市政府决定对南岸嘴进行进一步的建设，并在全球范围内展开设计方案招标工作。
看过南岸嘴以后，再请大家和我一起来看看龙王庙景点，由于龙王庙地段河面非常狭窄，水急浪高，素以险要著称，故在很久很久以前人们在此修建了一座龙王庙，祈求龙王爷保佑平安，现在虽然看不见这座庙了，但龙王庙这个名字却一直被沿用下来。同时，龙王庙这一段一直是武汉防洪的心腹之患，曾经发生过多次不同类型的险情。(比如1931年大水涨到26.94米，这里就发生了溃堤事故，给武汉市造成了重大的损失)，在1998年武汉军民战胜了特大洪水以后，中央领导指示要抓紧对龙王庙险段的整治工作，整治工程历时半年多，于1999年夏天完工，使龙王庙这一险点变成了景点。
随着我们游船的行进，我们看到的前面这座宛如长虹卧江的桥梁就是去年元旦期间通车的晴穿桥，它连接着汉阳的晴川阁和著名的汉正街小商品批发市场，主跨度达280米。晴川桥气势雄伟，线条流畅，是技术和艺术的结合，充分表现了现代桥梁的艺术魅力。
篇13：介绍北京前门大街的导游词范文
北京前门大街，位于正阳门箭楼正前方。路长1600米，宽0米，明、清至民国时皆称“正阳门大街”，老百姓俗称“前门大街”，一九六五年正式定名为“前门大街”。规划后的前门大街改为步行街，不再通车，只有“铛铛车”可以“招摇”过市。
八月十六日，我们一家去前门大街玩。进入街道，首先映入眼帘的是两辆“铛铛车”，分别为前门一、二号。“铛铛车”像一节火车车厢，呈长方体，行驶时发出“铛!铛!铛!”的声音。“铛铛车”可以供逛街逛累了的人和不爱走路的人乘坐。由于还没有正式运行，它们还停在花圃里，四周摆满了鲜花，十分漂亮。
街口有一个牌坊，上面写着“正阳桥”三个字，牌坊有四根柱子，三个门，中间的宽，两边的窄。走过了牌坊，我们正式进入了大街，大街上人山人海，游人如织。街道两边是北京老字号的商铺，有大北照相馆、全聚德烤鸭店、都一处烧麦店、瑞蚨祥丝绸店、张一元茶庄等。都一处烧麦店门口排了老长老长的队伍，一问才知道原来是排队准备进餐的，后来一查资料，原来都一处烧麦店是因为乾隆皇帝来这里吃烧麦，说了一句夸奖的话而命名的。各个商铺都是依照明、清时代建筑风格的原样装修的，门口都贴有原样的照片。但是现在还只开张了十几家，多数还在装修。跟前门大街垂直的有很多胡同，北京著名的“大栅栏”和八大胡同也在其中。
街道的路灯有两种，很有特色，一种是鸟笼路灯，就是两个鸟笼挂在一个架子上，另一种是三个拨浪鼓连在一起，像一个个糖葫芦串。路灯底下是长凳和圆凳，长凳比较普通，但圆凳是大鼓的形状。还有许多花坛，花盆是大缸的样子，是古铜色的。整条大街古色古香……
我走在前门大街上，感受到了老北京的繁华……
篇14：昆明金殿的导游词
清光绪十六年(1890年)舒藻《重修太和宫碑记》详细记载了太和宫创建的历史：“滇南苴兰(昆明)会垣东关外，距城十五里许，有山鸣凤，又俗名鹦鹉山。前明万历壬寅年(1620__年)，道士徐正元叩请云南巡抚陈公用宾，会同黔国公沐公昌祚，右都督沐公睿，御使刘公会于是山之巅，仿照湖广武当山七十二峰之中峰修筑紫禁城，冶铜为殿，铸供真武祖师金身。名其宫曰‘太和’，亦仿照武当山中峰宫名也。其时并建三元、环翠二宫，所供圣神仙佛，各有专司，瞻拜者历历可溯。而其殿宇，概以‘太和宫’统之。其地左挹华山之秀，金马腾辉;右临昆海之滨，碧鸡焕彩，洵为滇南一胜境也。乡人称之或曰金殿，或曰金顶，任其信口而出耳。”[3]
这段碑文依据史料，叙述了仿湖北武当山始创昆明太和宫金殿的时间、创始人、冶铜为殿、供奉真武金身的道观规模，以及鸣凤山的山势。明万历三十年(1620__年)道士徐正元“叩请云南巡抚陈用宾”，陈用宾会同黔国公沐昌祚、右都督沐睿、御使刘会，同登鸣凤山巅，商定仿武当山中峰兴建太和宫。这与明万历甲辰年(1620__年)正月太和宫创始人陈用宾所撰《鼎建太和宫记》是一致的。舒藻的碑记用白话叙述，通俗易读。陈用宾的碑记文言纪事，不容易读。
舒藻碑文中所说：“其时并建三元、环翠二宫”一段不准确。其实创建太和宫前七年，就已建“环翠宫”。陈用宾撰《环翠宫记》称：“余抚滇之三年，命官于鸣凤山建环翠宫，其中为阁，祀吕师(吕洞宾)，殿有二，王、陶天君，何、柳二仙并祀阁上。”陈用宾，福建晋江人，明进士，万历二十一年(1593年)以右佥都御使巡抚云南。陈用宾“抚滇之三年”，即万历二十三年(1595年)，他“命官于鸣凤山建环翠宫”。万历三十年(1620__年)“叩请”陈用宾兴建太和宫金殿的“道士徐正元”，就是环翠宫的道士。
正如陈用宾《鼎建太和宫记》所述：“及抚滇之九年”，即万历三十年(1620__年)，陈用宾“偕卜胜东城，相度山原间几一舍许无当者，延伫环望，真气英英，连蜷环翠宫左，扪萝视之，适彩雉从中盘起，玉局宛然，无亦光岳之?有待欤?”陈用宾偕沐昌祚、沐睿、刘会等登相度山，卜胜选址，已见山势“连蜷环翠宫左”。这清楚说明，明万历三十年陈用宾为太和宫选址时，已有环翠宫。太和宫金殿、三元宫于明万历三十年(1620__年)动工兴建，“始事竣工，俱以王正之月，甫一载而缮定”。“万历甲辰(1620__年)岁春正月吉旦”，陈用宾撰立《鼎建太和宫记》。
民间传说陈用宾曾在鸣凤山“三遇吕洞宾”，是吕仙引示他鸣凤山是“洞天福地”，所以他“抚滇之三年”即“命官于鸣凤山建环翠宫”，“其中为阁祀吕师”。环翠宫建成后，陈用宾曾撰楹联：
春梦惯迷人，一品朝衣，误了九寰仙骨，鸡鸣紫陌，马踏红尘，军门向那头跳出?
空山曾约伴，七闽片语，相邀六诏杯茶，剑影横天，笛声吹海，先生从何处飞来!
陈用宾身居云南“军门巡抚”，既迷恋官场“一品朝衣”，又向往道教“九寰仙骨”，矛盾的心情，只有请问“剑影横天，笛声吹海”飞来的吕仙人，他该“向那头跳出”?
陈用宾《建太和宫记》开头有这样一段话：“考玄帝天乙之精，乘玄枵当帝座，迹最著于太和，贞观而还，代能尊祀。我成祖文皇帝穆有遐思，式廓其制，千古让隆焉……”说是真武玄帝系“天乙之精，乘玄枵当帝座”，真武神迹，太和山(即武当山)最著名。从唐贞观年间以来，世代尊祀。明成祖朱棣崇信真武，敕令大修武当山，千古隆重奉祀真武。武当山有“真武神，永乐像”的传说，以后天下真武宫都按这“永乐像”塑真武。
明崇祯十年(1637年)金殿移到宾川鸡足山，史志碑记所载是一致的。明崇祯十年(1637年)云南巡抚张凤翮将铜殿移到宾川鸡足山天柱峰。天柱峰为此又称“金顶”。鸡足山铜殿毁于1966年“文化_革命”“扫四旧”期间。张凤翮移铜殿时，太和宫铜殿的基座、下层平台砂石浮雕栏杆未拆，保存至今。
清康熙年间重建鸣凤山太和宫铜殿，“范铜至五百余万之多”(250吨)。1980年清洗铜殿烟尘污垢时，发现铜殿正梁上通体被烟垢覆盖的铭文，梁中间的字被藻井遮盖，我爬上去看是“大清康熙十年岁次辛亥大吕月十有六日之吉平西亲王吴三桂敬筑”。铭文证实清康熙九年(1670年)吴三桂修葺太和宫，重建真武铜殿，铜铸神像，竖“铜幡竿十余丈，亭亭特立”。康熙十年(1671年)十月十六日竣工落成。因吴三桂康熙十二年(1673年)举兵反清，故方志碑记只称“清康熙九年重铸”，回避是吴三桂重铸铜殿。
吴三桂重建真武铜殿后，铸了一口“七星宝剑”悬挂在铜殿内，这就是碑记中所载真武“慧剑高悬，常伏魔而制怪”。吴三桂又将其使用过的一把木柄大刀，重12斤(6公斤)留在太和宫，以炫耀其武威。
铜殿正面，清康熙三十三年甲戌(1694年)云贵总督王继文书悬“南无无量寿佛”铜匾。“无量寿佛”即“阿弥陀佛”，不少人感到疑惑，一代名儒的云贵总督，为什么在真武道宫挂佛教匾?武当山记载，永乐十四(1420__年)武当天柱峰顶建真武铜殿时，峰巅咫尺地盘上已有佛教无量寿佛殿，佛道互不相让。得知建铜殿是圣上旨意，佛家折中，“让地不让佛”，真武殿上挂“无量寿佛”匾，朝拜真武同时，也颂“南无无量寿佛”。鸣凤山太和宫仿武当山中峰兴建，王继文依据武当山典故悬匾。
清道光二十五年(1845年)《重修二天门碑记》记载了清代昆明两次地震的情况：“乾隆年间，滇省地震，星旗救劫，厥有灵徵”。这次地震影响不大。道光“十三年(1833年)七月二十三日，滇地大震，复得殿宇牌坊，客座茶房，震摇摧坏。”太和宫更大的劫难是咸丰年间，太和宫毁于兵燹，三元宫化为灰烬。每一次损坏后，都不同程度地进行了修缮。其中，光绪十六年(1890年)至光绪三十一年(1920__年)前后十五年间，太和宫住持李明清劝募“缙绅王炽、余安转禀督办云南矿物、前巡抚唐公炯，倡铸铜一万斤，并遍约同人，量力捐助。铸造亭子、侍座神像、格扇瓦片，并重修山门、牌坊、殿宇，众作新之。”
太和宫金殿于1950年军事接管，定为“昆明市金殿名胜区”。先后隶属文教局、建设局、文化局、园林局管理。1966年“文化_革命”“扫四旧”期间，各殿泥塑神像被破坏，殿宇坍塌，荒烟蔓草。1968年又将太和宫划属昆明力车胎厂作宿舍，1970年由昆明市城建局收回。
1983年兴建山巅钟楼，保护原昆明城宣化楼之明代永乐大钟。
1983年至1991年，在鸣凤山东面、南面新征土地273亩，兴建占地500亩规模的“昆明园林植物园”。园林植物园分为十二个专类花卉园区茶花园、温室花卉区、杜鹃园、水景园、木兰园、蔷薇园、竹类植物园、裸籽植物区、珍稀濒危植物区、造园示范区、鹦鹉园(盆景区)和雪松草坪园。省、市政府先后投资达800余万元。
为迎接1999年在昆明举办的世界园艺博览会，1997年至1999年，市政府先后在鸣凤山金殿投资20__万元，全面维修太和宫古建筑群，整修钟楼，开辟钟楼旅游服务区，兴建大型观赏温室，新建杜鹃精品园，开发兰圃和蕨类植物园，重建秋园餐厅，改造旅游招待所，重建园内旅游厕所。在金殿自筹资金兴建“中国金殿博览苑”的基础上，进一步开发金殿青铜文化旅游景点……这次整治修建，为太和宫金殿创建四百年来规模最大的一次修葺和兴建。金殿名胜区1999年跻身云南省一流风景名胜区。它是鸣凤山上的最高建筑，登楼四望，视野极阔，是东郊远理想之地。
篇15：天安门英文导游辞_英文导游词_网
Tian’anmen Rostrum
Tian’anmen( the Gate of Heavenly Peace), is located in the center of Beijing. It was first built in 1417 and named Chengtianmen( the Gate of Heavenly Succession). At the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was seriously damaged by war. When it was rebuilt under the Qing in 1651, it was renamed Tian’anmen, and served as the main entrance to the Imperial City, the administrative and residential quarters for court officials and retainers. The southern sections of the Imperial City wall still stand on both sides of the Gate. The tower at the top of the gate is nine-room wide and five –room deep. According to the Book of Changes, the two numbers nine and five, when combined, symbolize the supreme status of a sovereign.
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Tian’anmen was the place where state ceremonies took place. The most important one of them was the issuing of imperial edicts, which followed these steps:
1) The Minister of Rites would receive the edict in Taihedian( Hall of Supreme Harmony), where the Emperor was holding his court. The minister would then carry the decree on a yunpan( tray of cloud), and withdraw from the hall via Taihemen( Gate of supreme Harmony)
2) The Minister would put the tray in a miniature longting( dragon pavilion). Beneath a yellow umbrella and carry it via Wumen( Meridian Gate), to Tian’anmen Gate tower.
3) A courtier would be invested to proclaim the edict. The civil and military officials lining both sides of the gateway beneath the tower would prostrate themselves in the direction of the emperor in waiting for the decree to the proclaimed.
4) The courtier would then put the edict in a phoenix-shaped wooden box and lower it from the tower by means of a silk cord. The document would finally be carried in a similar tray of cloud under a yellow umbrella to the Ministry of Rites.
5) The edict, copied on yellow paper, would be made known to the whole country.
Such a process was historically recorded as “ Imperial Edict Issued by Golden Phoenix”.
During the Ming and Qing dynasties Tian’anmen was the most important passage. It was this gate that the Emperor and his retinue would go through on their way to the altars for ritual and religious activities.
On the Westside of Tian’anmen stands ZhongshanPark( Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Park), and on the east side, the Working People’s Cultural Palave. The Park was formerly called Shejitan( Altar of Land and Grain), built in 1420 for offering sacrificial items to the God of Land. It was opened to the public as a park in 1914 and its name was changed in 1928 to the present one in memory of the great pioneer of the Chinese Democratic Revolution.
The Working People’s Cultural Palace used to be Taimiao( the Supreme Ancestral Temple), where tablets of the deceased dynastic rulers were kept.
The stream in front of Tian’anmen is called Waijinshuihe( Outer Golden River),with seven marble bridges spanning over it . Of these seven bridges,historical records say the middle one was for the exclusive use of the emperor and was accordingly called Yuluqiao( Imperial Bridge). The bridges flanking it on either side were meant for the members of the royal family and were therefore called Wanggongqiao( Royal’s Bridges). Farther away on each side of the two were bridges for officials ranking above the third order and were named Pinjiqiao( ministerial Bridges). The remaining two bridges were for the use by the retinue below the third order and wre called Gongshengqiao( common Bridges). They anr the one in front of the Supreme Ancestral Temple to the east and the one in front of the Altar of land and Grain to the west.
The two stone lions by the Gate of Tian’anmen, one on each side were meant as sentries. They gaze toward the middle axis, guarding the emperor’s walkway. In front of the gate stands a pair of marble columns called Huabiao. They are elaborately cut in bas-relief following the pattern of a legendary dragon. Behind the gate stands another pair of similar columns. The story of Huabiao may be traced to a couple of sources. One of the versions accredits its invention to one of the Chinese sage kings named Yao, who was said to have set up a wooden pillar in order to allow the ordinary people to expose evil-doers, hence it was originally called a slander pillar. Later it ws reduced to a signpost, and now it serves as an ornament.
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篇16：陕西武侯祠导游词介绍
开场白
位游客朋友：
大家好!首先请允许我代表我们××旅行社欢迎各位朋友来本地来观光旅游。我姓冯，是××旅行社的一名导游，大家叫我“小冯”好了。这位是我们的司机×师傅。在我市旅游期间就由×师傅和我为大家提供服务，我们十分荣幸!大家在此旅游，可以把两颗心交给我们：一颗是“放心”，交给×师傅，因为他的车技娴熟，有20xx年的驾龄，从未出过任何事故;另一颗是“开心”，就交给冯导我好了。旅游期间，请大家认清导游旗的标志，以免跟错队伍。请大家记清集中和游览时间，以免因一人迟到而影响大家的活动。大家有什么问题和要求请尽量提出来，我将尽力解决，，最后祝大家这次旅游玩得开心、吃得满意、住得舒适。谢谢!
沿途讲解沿途讲解可以参照前两篇文章，由于武侯祠就在成都市，所以大家可以重点讲解成都的概况和下榻酒店的详情，设计好路线，这个路线的沿途讲解相对简单，此处不再赘述。
成都(Chengdu)，简称蓉，四川省会，1993年被国务院确定为西南地区的科技、商贸、金融中心和交通、通讯枢纽，是设立外国领事馆数量最多、开通国际航线数量最多的中西部城市[1] 。
成都位于位于四川盆地西部，成都平原腹地，成都东与德阳、资阳毗邻，西与雅安、阿坝接壤，南与眉山相连。成都市下辖锦江区等9区6县，代管4个县级市。20xx年末，成都市辖区建成区面积604.1平方公里，常住人口1442.8万人 。
成都是“首批国家历史文化名城”和“中国最佳旅游城市”，承载着三千余年的历史，拥有都江堰、武侯祠、杜甫草堂、金沙遗址、明蜀王陵、望江楼、青羊宫等众多名胜古迹和人文景观。
川菜，菜式多样，口味清鲜醇浓并重，以善用麻辣著称，并以其别具一格的烹调方法和浓郁的地方风味，是中国四大菜系之一。[29] 成都著名小吃：双流老妈兔头、夫妻肺片、担担面、龙抄手、钟水饺、韩包子、三大炮、赖汤圆、一根面、九尺板鸭等。
景点讲解成都武侯祠肇始于公元220xx年修建刘备惠陵时，名“汉昭烈庙”。后来祭祀诸葛亮的武侯祠并入汉昭烈庙。是中国唯一的一座君臣合祀祠庙和最负盛名的三国蜀汉遗迹博物馆。成都武侯祠是国内众多武侯祠中唯一首批全国重点文物保护单位，是纪念诸葛亮名胜中最负盛名的一处。 纪念诸葛亮的武侯祠除成都武侯祠外，还有陕西勉县武侯祠、南阳武侯祠、襄樊古隆中武侯祠、重庆奉节白帝城武侯祠、云南保山武侯祠和甘肃礼县祁山武侯祠等.
在中国五千多年的文明史中，三国时代是其中很短暂但却很精彩的一段，从东汉黄巾农民起义算至三家归晋(公元184年—280年)，前后将近一百年时间。
三国时代的得名，是因当时神州大地上并存着三个地方政权，这三个政权分别是曹操和他的儿子曹怌建立的魏国，占据黄河流域的大片土地，建都洛阳，孙权建立的吴国，占据长江中下游等地，建都南京，刘备建立的蜀国，占据四川，云南，贵州等地，建都成都。
“天下大势，分久必合，合久必分”，中国古代历史中曾经出现过多次的大分裂，大动荡，最后又重归统一的局面，三国时期，只不过也是一次而已。
在三国鼎立、群雄割据的年代，四川曾经是蜀汉政权的割据地。虽然四川地处西南，而且势单力薄，但是刘备、诸葛亮、关羽、张飞等一大批忠良之士，为了汉室一统天下，他们争东吴、扶南夷、出师北伐、英勇奋战，从而演绎出了一幕幕悲壮的历史，留下来很多可歌可泣的故事。让我们后人千古传颂。于是，人们就修开始修庙建祠，或者是保留古战场。从而构成了众多的三国历史名胜古迹。今天我们要游览的武侯祠，便是众多的三国古迹中久负盛名的一处古迹。
武侯祠是纪念三国时期蜀国丞相诸葛亮的祠堂，诸葛亮生前被封为武乡侯，死后被封为忠武侯，后人便尊称他为武侯。
武侯祠坐落在成都南郊的武侯祠大街，庙宇坐北朝南。武侯祠始建于何时，已经没有资料可考了，但从杜甫的诗《蜀相》中的描写“丞相祠堂何处寻，锦官城外柏森森”来推断的话，早在唐代以前就已经建有武侯祠了。在唐，宋时期这里分别有武侯祠和刘备庙，明代初年，祠庙合并为一，明代末年，祠庙毁于战乱。今天看到的武侯祠是在清代康熙十一年的时候，在旧址上修建起来的。占地面积达到了3.7万平方米。是全国重点文物保护单位。
大门口：
大门口悬挂着“汉昭烈庙”的横匾，汉是刘备的政权号，历史上称为蜀汉，因为刘备是汉室后代，后来又建都在蜀地成都。所以政权得名蜀汉。昭烈是刘备死后的谥号，号是人死以后后人对他生前的事迹评定后给予的褒贬称号，昭烈当然就是刘备的美称。匾额说明，这里是纪事刘备的庙宇，既然如此，那么人们为什么又称之为武侯祠呢?从内容上看在武侯祠当中刘备庙，刘备墓占的比重比诸葛亮殿大，似乎应该把这里叫做刘备庙，而从布局上来看，中国的传统的纪事庙宇都是主殿在后。而武侯祠中则是刘备殿在前，诸葛高殿在后。所以从这一点来看，这里似乎又应该叫做武侯祠，但这些都不是最根本的原因，最根本的原因是什么呢?民国初年有一位叫邹鲁的诗人写了一首诗道出了其中的原因：门额大书昭烈庙，世人都道武侯祠，由来名位输勋业，丞相功高百代思。也就是说，因为诸葛亮的历史功绩大，他在百姓心中的威望甚至超过了刘备，所以人们就不顾封建时代君尊臣卑的礼仪和这座祠庙本来的名称了，而把汉昭烈庙叫做武候祠了。
平面图：
在大门左侧有一个武侯祠的平面图，可以看出殿宇坐北向南，主要建筑都布列在一条中轴线上，有大门、二门、刘备殿、过厅、诸葛亮殿五重建筑，西侧是刘备墓。在馆里陈列着各种人物泥塑像，匾联，碑文，钟鼓，确切的讲这里是一座蜀汉历史博物馆。今天我们游览的线路就是这五重建筑和西侧的刘备墓，游览时间前后一个小时左右。
唐碑：
我们现在所看到的就是著名的三绝碑。该碑通高367cm，宽95cm，刻建于唐宪宗元和四年(公元820xx年)，碑原名《蜀丞相诸葛武侯祠堂碑》，由唐代著名宰相斐度撰文，书法家柳公绰(chuo)书写，名匠鲁建镌(juan)刻，因文章、书法、镌刻都出自名家，而被世人誉为“三绝碑”。
那有朋友可能会问了，塑这座碑有什么特殊的背景呢?让我们将时间退回到1220xx年前。当时，武元衡出任剑南西川节度使，相当于今天的军区司令，他是一个很有自知之明的人，在入蜀治川前，就深知治川比治国更加艰巨。正如大家所熟知的一名话——“天下未乱蜀先乱，天下已治蜀未治”。加上六百年前还有名相诸葛亮在此当政，武元衡要想博得政声，自然需要励精图治，他于公元820xx年入蜀，以非常低调的姿态采取了许多有效的办法。两年后政声鹊起，朝中的阿谀和在野的拥戴，都让他觉得可以自诩诸葛武侯。于是，择定在公元820xx年，率领文武大将28人来到武侯祠，决意要为自己这两年的政绩树碑立传。而在这批随从人员中，有一位非常重要，那是谁呢?他就是武元衡的书记官——裴度，相当于现在的省政府秘书长。裴度深知武元衡的心思，加之他自己很久之前就想撰文颂扬诸葛亮，到成都游武侯祠后，便怀着对诸葛亮的景仰之情，写下了这篇名为歌颂诸葛亮，实则吹捧武元衡的奇文。
我们从碑文中的“诸葛公在昔之治，与相国(指武元衡)当今之政，异代而同尘矣”中就可以看出，裴度在言明今武相和昔孔明有异代而同功的前提下，高度赞颂诸葛亮的“事君之节”、“开国之才”、“立身之道”、“治人之术”，他认为诸葛亮是继管仲、乐毅、萧何、张良之后最重要的谋略家，同时还说诸葛亮是上述先贤中，集大成于一身者，用咱们今天的话来说，诸葛亮，他就是一个复合型人才。其次，裴度对诸葛亮的文治武功，特别是他的法治精神，作了高度评价。我们从碑文中的“刑政达于荒外(边远地区)”，“劳而不怨，用之有伦(次第)”，“法加于人也，虽从死而无怨”等句，就可以看出这一点。也就是说，早在1820xx年前的蜀国，诸葛亮就实行了“依法治国”。再次，裴度还高度评价了诸葛亮谋求统一、反对分裂的思想。对他“结吴抗魏”的军事策略以及“出斜谷、据武功”的具体措施，都表现了作者的敬佩之情。唐碑因此具有极高的文献价值。
这是三绝碑的第一绝——文章绝。三绝碑的第二绝，便是柳公绰(chuo)的书法绝。柳书在唐代居于统治地位，时人都以“柳骨”来高度评价柳家的书法。柳公绰是柳公权的兄长。在唐代盛世，文章、书法都是一种时尚，加之“忠、孝、仁、义”的儒家伦理道德标准，有钱人家都喜欢追求墓志铭。而柳公权对不忠、不孝是很瞧不起的。所以，为了显示自己忠孝仁义，有钱人想方设法要买到柳书作墓志铭，而且在唐代外交中，柳书的地位也是相当高的，深受外国使臣的欢迎。柳公绰的书法让世人认识到了柳家书法的博大，故在传颂裴度文章的时候，实际上裴、柳二人是相得益彰的。
唐碑的第三绝，便是该碑文的雕刻，是由唐代著名工匠鲁建所雕刻。唐碑正是因为裴文、柳书、鲁刻，而被后世誉为三绝碑。
清碑：旁边的几通碑就是清碑了，清碑主要是介绍了武侯祠的重建和维修情况;明碑：而对面那座碑就是明碑了，明碑着重介绍了祠庙的历史沿革。在明碑的下面有一个整石雕成的动物。它就是传说中“龙生九子”的第六个儿子赑屃，又名霸下，它形似乌龟，平生好负重，力大无穷，碑座下的龟趺是其遗像。传说霸下上古时代常驮着三山五岳，在江河湖海里兴风作浪。后来大禹治水时收服了它，它服从大禹的指挥，推山挖沟，疏遍河道，为治水作出了贡献。洪水治服了，大禹担心霸下又到处撒野，便搬来顶天立地的特大石碑，上面刻上霸下治水的功迹，叫霸下驮着，沉重的石碑压得它不能随便行走。霸下和龟十分相似，但细看却有差异，霸下有一排牙齿，而龟类却没有，霸下和龟类在背甲上甲片的数目和形状也有差异。霸下又称石龟，是长寿和吉祥的象征。它总是吃力地向前昂着头，四只脚拼命地撑着，挣扎着向前走，但总是移不开步。我国一些显赫石碑的基座都由霸下驮着，在碑林和一些古迹胜地中都可以看到。
二门：
在二门上方挂着一块匾联：合祖孙父子兄弟君臣辅翼在人纲百代存亡争正统;历齐楚幽燕吴越秦蜀艰难留祀庙，上下一堂共千秋。上联指出了武侯祠里面祭祀的人。“祖孙”指的是刘备和他的孙子刘谌，“父子”指的是诸葛亮和他的儿子诸葛瞻以及关羽和他的儿子关平关兴等人，兄弟指的是刘备，关羽，张飞三兄弟了，而“君臣”指的当然就是刘备和他的满朝文臣武将了。他们都是为了维护汉王朝一脉相承的正统和人伦纲常，下联是说刘备在汉末黄巾起义以后起兵从山东，湖南，湖北，河北，北京，江苏，浙江，陕西打到了四川，最后在成都才建立了政权。立国是非常艰难的，后人修了祠庙，让他们上下一堂千秋传颂。“明良千古”，明指的明君，良指的是臣良。寓“明君良弼，千古垂范”之意。“明良千古”中的“明”字的左边写成一个“目”字，本是一个错别字，但这个错别字是有深刻含义的。此“明”用目旁，是作者清人吴英欲与“明朝”的明相区分，以免文字狱;同时，这句古文也有另外一层含义：只有用德与贤才可使人心悦诚服。刘备以三顾茅庐显现出其德和贤，才求得诸葛亮安邦定国的天下大计。刘备与诸葛亮情同鱼水，君臣均为典范，昭示后世，上下一堂享受人们的祭祠。
前后《出师表》：
在二门的长廊壁上刻着前后《出师表》，前《出师表》是诸葛亮于蜀汉后主建兴五年(公元220xx年)率军北伐前给皇帝刘禅的一份奏章。诸葛亮就国内政治问题向刘禅提出了几条建议：①广开言路——“开张圣听”;②严明赏罚——“陟罚臧否，不宜异同”;③亲贤远佞——“亲贤臣，远小人”。他在表中规劝刘禅要执法公允，讲述了亲贤臣，远小人，国家才能兴隆的道理，并推荐了一批德才兼备的将吏，最后诸葛亮表示自己受刘备三顾之恩，托孤之重，一定要为兴复汉室效死渝。表文言词恳切，催人泪下。在古代有读出师表不落泪的人就不是忠臣的说法。《后出师表》是《前出师表》的姊妹篇，写于建兴六年(228)。它是诸葛亮在第一次北伐街亭失败之后，大臣们对再次北出征伐颇有异议。诸葛亮立论于汉贼不两立和敌强我弱的严峻事实，向后主阐明北伐不仅是为实现先帝的遗愿，也是为了蜀汉的生死存亡，不能因“议者”的不同看法而有所动摇。正因为本表涉及军事态势的分析，事关蜀汉的安危，其忠贞壮烈之气，似又超过前表。表中“鞠躬尽力，死而后已”之句，正是作者在当时形势下所表露的坚贞誓言，令人读来肃然起敬。
相传这《后出师表》是南名将岳飞打仗的途中，路过南阳武侯祠题写的，写的时候是满怀激情，一气呵成。其实这并非是岳飞的真迹，这是明朝时候的一位叫做白麟的成都文人所提写的，白麟当时喝了酒以后就跑到武侯祠来题写后出师表，刚开始写的时候是写的比较工整，后来边写边为诸葛亮的精神的才华所感动，再加上喝过酒的原因，于是就越来越满怀激情，后面写的就是龙飞凤舞了。最后写完以后，白麟没有提上自己的名字。而是提上岳飞的名字。因为他想也许提上岳飞的名字更能让后人记住诸葛亮。所以最后白麟提上了岳飞的名字。虽然这出师表不是岳飞的真迹，但是因为诸葛亮和岳飞二人英名与勋业先后相辉映，同为千古传人。我们敬其人爱其文，所以，仍然珍视这墨迹。
刘备殿：
业绍高光：业：汉室的统一大业，绍：继承，高：汉高祖刘邦，光：东汉第一个皇帝光武帝。此二帝是汉朝最有代表性的帝王。“业绍高光” 称赞刘备继承了高祖刘邦、光武帝刘秀的帝业，可与他们相提并论，蜀汉是汉朝的延续和一个新的阶段。这里强调了刘备为汉室后裔，蜀汉为三国正统的观点。
刘备，字玄德，河北人，24岁的时候，他召集了关羽，张飞等人参加了镇压黄巾农民起义，才慢慢的建立了自己的势力。由于缺乏谋臣，他在军阀的混战中流离失所。先后依附于吕布，曹操，袁绍，刘表。后来，他三顾茅庐，拜诸葛亮为军师，在赤壁大战以后才慢慢的发展了自己的势力。刘备胸怀大志，待人宽厚。经过二十多年的艰苦征占，最后占据四川，与公元220xx年成都称帝。后来关羽被害丢失荆州，为了替关羽报仇，刘备兴师伐吴，结果被吴国的陆逊火烧连营而惨被，在奉节白帝城一病不起。临死前，把国事和儿子刘禅托付给诸葛亮。刘备就这样结束了他坎坷的一生。
刘备这个人若说武比不上张飞，关羽，若说文比不上诸葛亮。但他却成就了蜀汉的帝业。究其原因除了他是汉室宗亲的微弱优势以外，主要在于他待人宽厚，善用人才。从他临死前在白帝城把国事和儿子托付给诸葛亮时所说的话当中就可以看出：“若嗣子可辅，辅之，若其不才，君可自取。”意思是说，如果后主刘禅是可造之才的话希望丞相辅佐他，如果是个无用之才的话，丞相就自取江山。古往今来，像刘备这样的明君有几个，所以刘备是个当知无愧的英雄。
关羽：字云长，他与张飞是最早追随刘备南征北战的人，他们两个和刘备情同手足，于是就有了桃三结义的故事。刘备得到荆州以后委任关羽镇守。在荆州，他曾发动攻势，水淹襄樊，斩然庞德，威震华夏。后来，因为骄傲轻敌，被东吴将领吕蒙偷袭遇害，丢失了荆州。关羽曾经被曹操抓到过，在曹操加官封爵的拉拢下，仍然是效忠刘备。所以历代的统治者对关羽都十分的推崇，使成了忠义的化身。到了宋代，关羽被追封为王，到了明清时代，又被封为关圣大帝。所以，这里大家看到的关羽就成了帝王的打扮。
张飞：字翼德。张飞非常的勇猛善战，是三国时代的一员虎将。刘备当年在当阳的长板坡被曹操打败的时候，张飞领20多人在后面阻击，兵追来的时候，他站在桥头大吼一声：“我是张翼德，谁敢来决一死战!”曹军追兵居然不敢过桥。民间传说他的吼声吓退了曹操的百万大军。桥下的河水也为之倒流。但是张飞对他的部下不好，常常无故鞭打部下。刘备到了四川以后，派张飞驻守四川阆中长达七年，在关羽遇害以后，刘备伐吴，派张飞东征，出发前被他的部下张达和范强暗害了。民间传说：张达和范强杀死张飞以后，带着张飞的人头乘船顺长江东下，到东吴请赏的时候，走到长江云阳段的时候，突然遇到了很大的风浪。他们就将张飞的头抛在江中。后来百姓在当中打捞起张飞的头，修庙记事。现在重庆云阳还建有张飞庙。民间又有张飞“头在云阳，身在阆中”的说法。
诸葛亮殿：
出刘备殿便是诸葛亮殿，大门上高悬着“名垂宇宙”的匾额，“名垂宇宙”出自大诗人杜甫的诗名：诸葛大名垂宇宙。匾额是由清代康熙皇帝的十七子爱新觉罗，允礼所提。左右两边挂满了各种匾联。最有名的是这幅：能攻心则反侧自消，从古知兵非好战;不审势即宽严皆误，后来治蜀要深思。一百年前，族人赵藩在成都为官时为成都武侯祠写下了这副古今传诵的名联，我们把它简称为“攻心联”。这副很多人都耳熟能详的对联问世一百年来，成了普通百姓游武侯祠非看不可的一大亮点，连毛主席到武侯祠都驻足一看再看，这是有道理的。
赵藩撰写这副攻心联可谓用心良苦。全联30个字，按今天报刊的流行语言，其“关键词”—是“攻心”，二是“审势”。一个诸葛亮，在蜀中乃至云南，正史、野史故事之多随手可拾。然而赵藩的高明在于他选用了诸葛亮在平息招抚西南各土著部族时，七擒七纵孟获的故事。他指出，只要你工作做到家，桀傲如孟获者，都会俯首称臣。会用兵的人首先应该是个“攻心”的谋略家。他不一定喜欢打仗。但诸葛亮又非一味宽大。在如何治蜀这一点上，地位仅次于诸葛亮的法正主张应像汉高祖入关时那样政策宽松一点。面对当时“蜀土人士，专权自恣”，地方豪强势力目无法纪，为所欲为的局面，诸葛亮感到已危及社会的稳定和统治基础，故他在《答法正书》中坚决主张要根据实际情况，审时度势，不能照搬汉高祖刘邦入关时的那一套。必须“威之以法”。他令行禁止，说到做到，抓了两个典型：一是严惩了刘氏皇族后裔刘琰，一是罢黜了名门望族出身的来敏。对皇亲国戚和“ ”的处理结果，大大地震慑了地方豪强势力，再不敢贪赃枉法，胡作非为。对百姓亦如是。也是以“攻心”为主，教育多数，严惩个别。哪怕对自己的错误他也能主动承担责任。诸葛亮赏罚分明，不因人而异，最集中体现在中国老百姓都熟知的失街亭的故事：他一边挥泪斩了马谡，同时又提升了有功的王平，还勇于承担了作为主帅应负的责任。正是因为诸葛亮这种宽严结合在今天叫做“法律面前人人平等”的做法，使得蜀中在他当政时期政局稳定，他才因此得以多次顺利出征而后院不起火，无“反侧”。这充分证明诸葛亮以德服人，以法治国的效果。《三国志·诸葛亮传》评价他“终于域之内，咸威而爱之，刑政虽峻而无怨者，以其用心平而劝戒明也。”
这就是“攻心”而消“反侧”。这就是“审势”而定“宽严”。族人赵藩仅以30个字便概括了诸葛亮作为政治家、军事家、外交家成功的一生，真是了不起。
诸葛亮：
诸葛亮：字孔明，山东沂南人。家里有兄妹五人，诸葛亮排行老四，父亲诸葛硅。诸葛亮出生的时候，正是东汉王朝的没落时期。宦官专权，起义不断，一个非常动荡的年代。虽然诸葛亮生于乱世，但却从小心胸大志。他从小就立志要出将入相，治国平天下。诸葛亮十四岁的时候跟着叔叔诸葛玄到了荆州襄阳，十七岁的时候叔叔去世了。他就独自一人在南阳躬耕苦读，结交名士，观察时局。得了卧龙的美称。东汉建安十二年，刘备三顾茅庐以后，被刘备的知遇之恩所感动，加入了刘备集团，开始了他叱咤风云的政治生涯。
诸葛亮受任于败军之际，奉命于危难之间，他先辅佐刘备创业西川，为刘备制定出三分天下，与魏吴形成三足鼎立，然后再吴抗魏之势。帮助刘备建立了蜀汉政权。刘备死后，受托孤之重任，辅佐后主刘禅，执掌朝政，治理蜀国前后20多年，他严明赏罚，选贤任能，兴修水利，发展生产。在军事方面，他先平定南方，深入不毛，蜀国地小民弱，诸葛亮就采用以攻为守的方法，六出祁山，挥师北上，两次上书出师表。其忠心耿耿，日月可昭。后来由于过度的劳累，54岁的时候，病逝于北伐前线五丈原军中，埋葬在陕西勉县的定军山下。
诸葛亮一生做了很多勤政爱民的好事。他死后，人们十分怀念他。修起了一座又一座武侯祠纪念他。还把他作为忠臣贤相的典范和智慧的化身。
诸葛亮虽然身居臣相之职，但一生却很清政廉洁，大殿上方的乌木梁上八个大字就是最好的证明：宁静致远，淡泊明志。这是诸葛亮告诫自己的儿子诸葛瞻说过的话。意思是说要人要实现自己的抱负就一定要排除杂念，恬静寡欲。其实这也正是诸葛亮自己的人生写照。
诸葛亮的儿子诸葛瞻、孙子诸葛尚，在蜀国面临存亡之时，率部与魏军奋战，终因寡不敌众，为国捐躯。诸葛亮殿内陈列有一面铜鼓，是公元五六世纪时的文物，铜鼓，原是西南兄弟民族古代的炊具，后来逐渐演变成一种乐器、礼器，在集会、庆典时使用，表示富有。相传诸葛亮南征时，曾使用过这种铜鼓，白天用来煮饭，晚上当鼓，用来报警，一物多用。所以，又称之为诸葛鼓。
惠 陵：
刘备伐吴失败后，退驻白帝城，于公元220xx年四月病逝五月，诸葛亮扶灵柩回成都，八月下葬，墓称“惠陵”。惠陵是由照壁、栅栏、神道，还有陵墓组成。据史料记载里面还埋藏了他先后去世的甘、吴两位夫人，是一座合葬墓。此墓距今1700多年，刘备的墓和其它历朝历代的国君的比起来显得好像不是很有排场，再加上由于保护的非常好到现在为止也没有发掘。于是，关于这座墓的真假便是众说纷纭。但是有很多证据显示这墓应该是真墓。
首先，在古代国君死后都是必须要藏在自己的国都。
其次，据《三国志》记载：八月梓宫自永安还成都，昭烈皇帝，秋八月，葬惠陵这些都记载了刘备藏于惠陵。《三国志》是一部信史，《三国志》的作者是史学家陈寿。陈寿是三国时期蜀汉王朝的官员，他应该是不会把自己那个朝代的历史搞错的。
篇17：介绍天津的景点导游词
蓟县梨木台自然风景区是天津九龙山国家森林公园三大景区之一，位于蓟县下营镇船舱峪村北，距县城35公里，景区总面积7000亩，有大面积的野生杜鹃花。据介绍，自黄砬棚瀑布至北大梁沿途5公里均有杜鹃花分布，分布最集中的是杜鹃坡、石海和北大梁，总面积近千亩。据了解，这里的杜鹃属杜鹃花科的迎红杜鹃，落叶灌木，早春季节开花，漫山遍野都是红色，故有“映山红”之称。随着气温的逐渐转暖，梨木台景区沉睡一年的迎红杜鹃接连绽放。据了解，梨木台杜鹃花将持续开放约一个月的时间，观赏杜鹃花的最佳时节是4月中旬。
梨木台自然风景区地处天津最北端，被称为“天津北极”。景区内峰林峡谷雄、险;森林景观秀、幽;潭、瀑溪水长流;藤萝攀援缠绕，形成了奇特的自然风光，被专家学者誉为“天津的神农架”。这里地质景观奇特，是蓟县国家地质公园典型的石英岩峰林峡谷地貌，自然形成岩画岭、登天缝、五指山、万卷天书等地质景观。
篇18：介绍北京云居寺的导游词范文
云居寺位于北京市房山县西南山区山峦起伏的一块小盆地里，距北京约75公里，背后以朱山为依托，对面以石经山为屏障，坐落在逐鹿山中。云居寺以佛舍利和石经而闻名于世，是京郊具有金石、书法、美术、民族史、佛教史等重大文化意义的古迹，在北京以至全国诸多古寺名刹和佛教界占有重要地位。1992年该寺被评为“北京十大人文旅游累点”之一。房山县西北部山岳地带，自隋唐以来就是佛教胜地，如上方山兜率寺、六聘山天关寺、云蒙山龙泉寺以及九洞十二峰和以兜率寺为中心的七十二庵等很多佛教遗迹文物，而石径山云居寺则是其中最有名的，向有“北京敦煌”之誉。
云居寺创建於隋唐时代，历代屡有重修扩建，成为华北地区著名寺院之一。寺院部分抗日战争时期毁於日军炮火，现仅存遗址。寺东北1.5公里处石径山上有藏径洞九座，洞内保存了自隋至明代刻制的石经板，连同寺院南端藏经穴中辽、金经板共143l2块，镌字数千万。除去重复刻造者外，计刻经112O馀部，刻工精湛，为中国佛教文化珍品之一。它是世界上最早、最全、保存最好的石刻大藏经，在中国佛教史上值得大书特书。刻制云居石径的规模，远超过北齐的音堂山摩崖石经和泰山经石峪刻经。
云居寺名称最早见於唐总章二年(669年)年石刻上，隋唐时代已具相当规模。在唐代分上寺及下寺 上寺在石经山上，寺址已无考，下寺即今遗址。辽、金时代云居寺因刻造石经知名，故有“石经寺”之称。明代因在石经山东麓建东峪寺，而云居寺居山之西，故亦称“西峪寺” 清初又改称“西域云居禅林”，仍然保留着云居之名。云居寺历代屡有修葺，最后的修缮年代是清康熙三十七年(l698年)。被毁前的寺院规模宏大，寺院中路有院落五层，殿宇六进。寺依山而建，每层院落逐步升高，各层正殿之旁又有配殿，中路北侧有僧寮客舍，南北二塔分居左右，山门前引泉水流过，清泉垂柳，山雾缭绕，自然环境颇为幽美，确实是一处修行佳处。“七七事变”后寺院被日军炮火毁为一片废墟，南塔也於此时被毁。在云居寺遗址范圉内，北部及四隅的十座小石塔是劫后仅存遗物。所幸摄有云居寺被毁前照片，中日邦交恢复后，日方将当时照片送归。佛教自公元2年伊存授经东传中国后，译着经卷便是众多僧人信徒“经久不息"的一项事业。但是纸张、绢绸、木板经卷，不仅易受风、火、水、虫的破坏，也易受人为的损毁，历史上两次“法难"期间，大量的手写佛经化为灰烬，战争兵火也给佛教寺院、佛像经籍带来毁灭性灾难。造样就促使僧徒想方设法让佛法传承久远。鉴於山东泰山、河北鼓山等处的摩崖刻经得以保存，幽州僧人静琬认为经刻石上，可以地久天长，於是继承其师慧思遗志，选择了盛产汉白玉、艾叶青石，又远离幽州城的房山，开始了刻经於石、秘藏於室的艰巨工捏。静琬先是创建了石经山藏经洞和云居寺，他发愿造十二部石经。这一行动得到当时社会各方面的支待。从隋大叶中到唐初，静琬30年刻经不辍，每刻完一批石经就凿洞封存起来。贞观十三年(639年)静琬入寂 他的第子玄导、僧仪、惠暹、玄法四代相续主持刻经，并得到金信公主奏赐经本四千多部作为底本，先后刻经百馀部，分藏於各藏经洞中。自隋至明，共开凿藏经洞九个 藏石经版4559块;辽金时又在寺南侧挖穴，埋藏经版1O611块。辽天庆七年(1120xx年)在穴旁筑塔，即“云居寺南塔”也称“压经塔”。
静琬最初所刻石经146块，一部分镶嵌于第五洞的四壁上。第五洞名“雷音洞”是九洞之中最大的一个，也是唯一一座开放式藏经洞，洞前有门可以进出，长宽各约十米，中有四根八角形石柱支撑洞顶，石柱各面均雕有小佛像共1O54尊，故称“千佛柱"。其馀各洞都是封闭式，里面叠藏石经板，洞门封锢，人不能出人。
房山石经是我国的石经宝库，也是世界的宝贵文化遗产。它对於研究我国古代文化、历史、艺术以及佛教历史和典籍都有重大价值和意义。辽金年代所刻石经，原以《契丹藏》为底本，但《契丹藏》早已失传。近年来从山西应县木塔中发现了《契用藏》残卷，与房山石经对照，完全相同。房山石经完好地保存了《契丹藏》佛经，这在世界佛经史上是件大事。房山石经是原刻石板，没有写经传抄所易产生的那种讹误、版本校勘价值极高。同时，它保存了50种以上的各版大藏经所没有的经籍。镂刻技术精淇，书法秀丽，不仅是有价值的佛教文物，也是中国书法雕刻艺术的精品。所以问世后，即名闻遐迩。在书法艺术方面，隋代刻经已是高手所书，唐代刻经更具有隋唐书法的优美风格。从石经中也可以看到我国书法风格的变迁和文字演变(如：俗写字，异体字，简化字，武周时期新造字等)情况。石经中有许多经文后面附刻有题记，这些题记是研究历代政治，经济，文化以及民风民俗的宝贵资料。从1956年开始中国佛教协会和有关部门一起，对房山石经进行了全面的调查、发掘和整理工作，目前已将部分石经进行编号，上架展览。
1981年11月中国社会科学院世界宗教研究所佛学家罗焰在洞内研修之际，於原地面拜石下五厘米处，发现一方石，下有一洞穴，内存石函、银函、玉函等，均以函函相套的方式加以密封。一号白玉石函，函盖上刻有172个字，函内还刻有83字铭文。这些文字记述了明代万历二十年(1592年)间，在石经山首次发现隋代所藏佛舍利情况。二号青石函，较上函略小;函盖上刻有“大隋大业十二年岁次丙子四月十已朔八日甲子於此函内安置佛舍利三粒原住持永劫”36字铭文。说明佛舍利在这里已珍藏l320xx年之久。三号汉白玉石函，有楔状抽斗盖，上有“佛舍利”以及上下款共26字。四号镀金银函，四周有青龙、白虎、朱雀、玄武四种刻线图案，盖上有花卉图案，内有木质彩绘香珠一颗、珍珠11颗。五号白玉函十分精巧，长宽各12厘米，高17厘米，里面放有两粒赤色小米粒大小的佛舍利，旁边还伴有两颗珍珠。
关於这些佛舍利的来历，据记载:隋文帝曾从一印度僧人处得到佛舍利，并於仁寿元年(620xx年)、仁寿二年(620xx年)、仁寿四年(620xx年)三次向全国各州颁发佛舍利，地处幽州的弘业寺和智泉寺皆有幸得到。而这两寺都距云居寺不很远。同时，云居寺创始人静碗法师原本是智泉寺僧人，是佛教天台宗慧思弟子，所似很可能当时皇帝也赐给了云居寺佛舍利。《憨山大师梦游集》和《帝京景物略》中曾记载明万历二十年在云居寺石经山雷音洞发现了三粒佛舍利。当时万历皇帝的母亲笃信佛教，於是迎入宫中供养三曰后又安放在雷音洞内，但是记载中的三粒佛舍利，现存只有两粒，据专家推断，其中一粒可能在明代万历皇帝母亲迎人宫内供养时不慎遗失或是被私自留下。目前这两粒佛舍利及相关文物被中国佛教协会保管，一俟云居寺修复后，将送回云居寺内安置，供各界人士瞻礼。
云居寺周围现存唐辽石塔及辽代砖塔共六座，互相拱卫，从而形成云居寺特殊的佛教人文景观。其中唐代(618-920xx年)所建方形石塔，以著名的房山石窟汉白玉为原料，精雕而成。塔分单层和密檐式两种，平面呈方形，正面辟尖拱形门，内两侧刻披甲胄金刚武士，生动逼真。其中唐开元十五年(720xx年)建的石塔内两壁所刻浑目高鼻供养人形象，反映出盛唐时期民族团结的繁荣景象。这批石塔是北京地区现存最早古塔，成为研究唐代幽州地区文化史和佛教史的珍贵实物资料。1949年后，人民政府对云居寺所藏石经进行了发掘和整理。到现在还完好保存的石经就有14 278块，分别藏在对面石经山上的9个洞内和云居寺文物保管所里。1961年3月，国务院将云居寺遗址、两座辽塔、八座唐塔、藏经洞和石经，列为全国重点保护文物，并为保护这些珍贵的文物，先后对辽代北塔进行了加固维修，安装了避雷设施，为保护石经板盖了石经库，以使这些上千年的古代珍贵文物代代相传。北京市人民政府於1935年4月1曰决定修复云居寺。第一期工程，天王殿、毗卢殿已竣工开放。原云居寺千年遗物——汉白玉镌刻的圆形山门雄姿也已复原。为更好地保护石经，避免风化剥蚀，现已决定於1999年9月9曰9目9时9分9秒，将全部石经全部重新秘封於地下。石经藏而天下安，这项举措必成这佛教史上的一件大事。
云居寺因珍藏着15000余块石刻佛教大藏经被誉为"北京的敦煌"。在云居寺周围两平方公里的范围内，内云居寺，石经山藏经洞，唐、辽塔群构成了我国古代佛教文化一大宝 库。房山云居寺石刻佛教大藏经始刻于隋大业年间，历经唐、辽、金、元、明六个朝代千余年，刻经1122部，3572卷，刻石14278块，分藏于石经山九个藏经洞和云居寺地穴 之中。现又将木雕《龙藏经》7.7万多块，明代经2万多卷运藏于寺。石经、纸经、木板经过这三种经本已称为世界"三绝"。 陈列展览有"石经展览"。
云居寺有五大院落六进殿宇，东接上方山，西俯拒马河，占地7万多平方米，两侧有配殿和帝王行宫、僧房，并有南北两塔对峙，历史悠久，饱经沧桑。解放后，云居寺经过两次大规模修复重现庄严。云居寺古时亦有"碑海塔林"之称，现存碑20余块、塔10余座，是其宝贵的文化遗产。
石经山在云居寺东二里处，俗称小西天。海拔450米。这里不仅是房山石经刊刻起源之处，也是佛祖舍利出土之处，4196块隋唐石经为国之重宝，以雷音洞、金仙公主塔为代表的众多历史遗迹，具有极高的价值。
据考，石经始刻于隋大业十二年(公元620xx年)，僧人静琬为维护正法，镌刻经于石。刻经事业历经隋、唐、辽、金、元、明六个朝代，绵延1039年，刻佛经1122部，3572卷，14278块，分藏于石经山9个藏经洞和云居寺地穴之中，规模之大，历时之长，是世界文化史上罕见的壮举，堪与闻名寰宇的万里长城、京杭大运河相媲美，是世上稀有而珍贵的文化遗产。
篇19：峡导游词英文
Have your friends:
Rest well last night? After last nights rest, we all have. Then our spirit one hundred times to the scenic spot of today. The magnificent Yangtze river three gorges and my service will bring you a pleasant journey.
Someone said: "dont walk in the three gorges, not been to the Yangtze river. Dont swim in the three gorges, not understanding the Yangtze river." By the time we are about to set sail, xiao Yang to the whole situation of the Yangtze river three gorges do a simple introduction to you all.
First of all I want for you to introduce the three gorges, Yangtze river is the longest river in China, is the worlds third longest river, it is second only to the Nile river in Africa and the amazon river in South America, mount tunggula of its source on qinghai-tibet plateau in China through qinghai, Tibet, yunnan, sichuan, chongqing, hubei, hunan, jiangxi, anhui, jiangsu, Shanghai and other 11 provinces and autonomous regions, and finally into the east China sea, the total length of 6300 km, the Yangtze basin accounts for 1/5 of the land area in China, the Yangtze river is divided into three sections, yichang above for upstream, yichang to middle of bayou, 13 below for downstream.
The Yangtze river three gorges is composed of qutang gorge, wu gorge, xiling. It stretches from chongqing fengjie treasure and ends at nanjinguan yichang in hubei province, the total length of 193 km, is one of the top ten scenic spots in China, as the saying goes. The chongqing to tour the Yangtze river three gorges, is a lifelong regret.
We have already cant wait to visit! Ok, we ship with 5 minutes are going to reach the destination. Please prepare, carrying their belongings as well, especially valuables, must not be forgotten in the boat, ready to get out, thank you!
篇20：昆明大理丽江导游词
丽江古城是个别俱一格的小城。
走进去能感受到不同的风景。在那里可以尽情的享受异国风光，在那里可以尽情的品尝来自全国各地的风味小吃，在那里还可以坐在小溪边的石阶上，静静地倾听小溪的脚步声。在小溪的流水声中，还可以看到点着蜡烛的小船向你迎面飘来，好像在向你表达爱的祝福。在那里还可以尽情的游览每一条街，当你穿过每一条小巷时，都能感受到不同的文化气息和来自全国各地的民族工艺品、现代艺术品、抽象艺术品伴随着你，让你的眼睛应接不暇。夜晚，每间小屋里都闪烁着五彩斑斓的灯光。在酒吧和茶楼，游客们可以尽情地享乐。真的无法形容游客们的心情。
走进丽江古城就好像进入了人间不一样的一个境地，会让你留连忘返，尽情购物、尽情品味一切生活。
当我和妈妈要离开她时， 真是恋恋不舍，一步三回头。妈妈还说：“等我以后老了，我一定要重新回来，我要创作一些画，我还要写一些诗来赞美她。”
长大以后，如果我成为一位诗人，我要用最美的诗句来赞美她。如果我是一个画家，我要用我的画笔描绘出一幅幅五彩斑斓的画卷。如果我是一名作家，我要用我的文采将她的点点滴滴民俗风情描写出来。
我想，只要是热爱生活的人们都会向往着这个人间美好的地方。