昆明导游词英文介绍（经典20篇）

还在睡梦中，迷迷糊糊听见妈妈在叫我，：“涵儿，涵儿!快起床，今天我们到野生动物园去玩!”我还以为自己在做梦，仔细一听，是真的，便马上从床上跳下来，匆忙洗漱完毕，一边收拾东西，一边催促妈妈快点，昆明野生动物园离市区只有几公里，所以没过多久，我们就到了。

我们一进动物园大门，就看到了非洲黑熊，黑熊正懒洋洋地在地上休息，看见我们来了，就马上立起身子，站起来，两只眼睛直直的望着我们，不知是向我们打招呼?还是向我们寻求食物，看见旁边有卖食物的，我们就去买了两包食物，黑熊看见有食物吃了，显得很兴奋，妈妈把食物扔到它们面前，一瞬间，食物就消失了，掉到了黑熊的肚子里。

然后，我们又去看了骆驼、长颈鹿、斑马、鸵鸟、狮子、老虎等等很多的动物，还有一个孔雀林，里面有1800只孔雀，我从来也没见过这么多的孔雀，这些孔雀一点也不怕人，它们就在游客中间走来走来走去，还到游客手里啄食物吃，太有趣了!

不过，使我最难忘的还是我们的“老乡”来自四川卧龙大熊猫保护区的三只大熊猫，它们都有一个好听的名字，“思嘉”、“美茜”和“芊芊”，由于受“汶川”大地震的影响，它们将在云南野生动物园暂养两年。我们到的时候，正好赶上它们吃“中午饭”的时候，只见工作人员从休闲栏上爬下来，抱着一捆竹子，它们三个看见了立即从休闲栏上爬下来，抱着竹子啃起来，妈妈看见它们已经逐渐从地震的阴影中走出来了，相机“咔嚓、咔嚓”记录下了憨态可掬的大熊猫的吃相。最后，我们还观看了“大象表演”、“鸟艺表演”、“狮虎表演”看着那些动物精彩绝伦的表演，不由的感叹“驯兽师”的伟大……

一晃下午了，肚子在闹“空城计”了，我们才依依不舍地离开了动物园。

好了，游客朋友们，我们已经进入“风水宝地”清东陵，它位于北京以东125公里处的遵化市马兰峪境内，位居北京、天津、唐山、秦皇岛、承德五大城市腹地。 清朝是中国最后一个封建王朝，从公元1664年入关到1920_年灭亡，共统治中国268年，其间经历了10个皇帝，除末代皇帝溥仪外，其他9位皇帝分别在河北省遵化市和易县境内修建了规模宏大、体系完整的帝后妃陵墓群，即清东陵和清西陵，另外，在辽宁省沈阳市还建有清太祖努尔哈赤的福陵，清太宗皇太极的昭陵，以及在新宾县建有清代远祖的永陵。所以，清代陵寝共有5处，即永陵、福陵、昭陵、清东陵、清西陵，这几处陵寝都营造得个有特色。各具千秋，但规模最宏大、体系最完整的就要数遵化市境内的清东陵了。

朋友们，今天我们沿以前皇帝祭祀时的路线进入整个陵区，让您身临其境体验一下皇帝的感觉。

大家请看，这座五间六拄十一楼的建筑就是清东陵的总门户“石牌坊”，我们可以看到它的石雕图案非常精美，整座石牌坊挺拔高耸，华美壮观，堪为不可多得的艺术杰作，虽历经300多年依然岿然矗立。

下面的时间里，我们大家可以自由参观，参观过程中请您注意爱护文物，保持环境清洁，注意安全。午餐大家可以按计划自由用餐。我们的车会一直停在停车场，不要忘记16整准时集合返回市区。

各位朋友们，今天我们游览了山川秀丽、建筑雄伟的国家4A级风景名胜区清东陵。通过这一天的接触，我发现大家都非常友好，大家对我工作也很配合，很支持我，在此我向大家表示感谢!

大家看，我们现在已经在八达岭的脚下。大家抬头看，八达岭长城是不是非常像一条龙?在崇山峻岭之间蜿延盘旋着。告诉大家，这段长城有一万三千里。大家再看，可以发现这里的长城分为西、北两峰，景色十分壮观、龙腾虎跃、气象万千。如果大家想看长城的景色，那就上去大饱眼福吧。

游客朋友们!我们终于来到了著名的八达岭长城上，真是雄伟壮观啊!这八达岭长城高大、坚固，是用条石和城砖筑成的。地上铺着方砖，非常平整，像很宽的马路，这么宽的宽度，如果马站在上面，五六匹马都可以并进，大家现在试一试，伸开手臂，大约能占十多个人。

好了，大家再往前走，大家边走边看一下，城墙上有两米多高的垛子，垛子上有方形的口，这是打仗时的瞭望口，和射击口。城墙的顶上，每隔三百多米就有一座方形的城台，这就是古代屯兵的堡垒。打仗的时候，承台之间可以互相呼应。

八达岭长城还有很多壮丽的景色，这里是世界文明的旅游景点，希望你们能够细细游赏!

各位游客朋友大家好，欢迎大家来到白云山旅游，在没有去到目的地之前，请听我对白云山做一些简要概括。

白云山坐落在广州北部，总面积为28.98平方公里，由30多座山峰簇集而成，主峰摩星岭海拔382米，是广州市的最高锋。每当雨过天晴，朵朵白云缭绕于群峰之间，景色十分秀丽，“白云山”由此得名。

白云山在战国时期已有名士出入，晋朝时已风景迷人，唐朝时便以旅游胜地而著称，宋代以来历次评选出的“羊城八景”中，白云山就有“景泰归僧”、“蒲涧濂泉”、“白云晚归”、“白云松涛”、“云山叠翠”等多处。白云山浓厚的历史文化积淀最早可追溯到山北黄婆洞新石器时代的“史前文化遗址”。晋代著名道士葛洪曾在山上炼丹，并写下道家名作《抱朴子》，南梁时景泰禅师来此建有白云山最早的寺庙“景泰寺”，留下羊城旧八景之一的“景泰归僧”。唐宋以后，这里陆续有李群玉、苏轼、韩愈、等著名文人登山吟诗，他们的诗文成为岭南宝贵的历史精神财富。老一辈革命家周恩来、朱德、陈毅、董必武、郭沫若等留下了题词和足迹，为广州白云山风景区留下了不少墨迹瑰宝。

白云山对城市生态环境的调节作用及其丰富的自然资源，被誉为“市肺”，被评定为国家重点风景名胜区和5A级旅游区。

各位游客朋友，我闷现在已经到了云台花园，它建于1995年，全员占地面积12万平方米，时一处中西方园林建筑风格相结合的新型旅游景区。请看向我手指指的方向，这就是正门，它是一组叠水式的灯光喷泉，可欣赏到亚热带植物风光特色，领略到“人如潮、花如海、春满园”的人间美景，不少党和国家领导人及外国友人都曾到这里观光游览，并留下了珍贵的墨宝，题诗。

请随着我的脚步往前走，这里便是玻璃温室了，它占地1200平方米，外部以兰花造型设计，是一个袖珍热带植物园，内部分为仙人掌，多浆植物区、棕榈植物区和兰花区三个观赏区。岩花园内岩石造型千奇百怪，就好像抽象派雕塑家所创的艺术品，那里是新西兰土著部落毛利族的图腾柱。这里叫“太阳广场”，中间象征太阳，四周分别是十二生肖，据说游人在自己的生肖前拍照留念可以给自己带来好运。右边是“玫瑰园”，那边小巧玲珑的山地建筑叫“醉华苑”，内设观赏花卉展室和茶室。各位游客请移步来“谊园”参观，它是世界和平与友谊的象征。在这周围分布有广州各友好城市赠送的礼物，如德国法兰克福的苹果酒酒瓶、美国洛杉矶的路标、加拿大温哥华的日晷等。

待会我们会乘坐白云索道上山，它于1986年建成营运，全长1800米，运速每秒5米，乘缆车上山，我们即可俯看能仁寺等景点，又可远眺羊城美丽风光。

我们走出缆车，就是鸣春谷风景区，风景区由能仁寺、三特极限运动中心、白云晚归等景点组成，我们先来参观能仁寺，这是白云山唯一恢复重建的寺庙，它建于清代咸丰、同治年间，毁于抗战时期，1993年广州人民政府投资修建，1995年5月对外开放。寺内主要的古迹有虎跑泉、甘露泉、玉虹池等。这里还有当年抗法英雄黑旗军将领刘永福手写的一个高2米、宽1米的“虎”字，一气呵成，比例雄浑遒劲。字面为两颗炯炯有神的大眼睛，拖着一条长长的尾巴，恰似一只傲立的猛虎，俯视人间。能仁寺是白云山恢复文物古迹中的典范，它以其气死宏大、古迹众多、灵验的风水而吸引众多“善男信女”和游客到此参观游览。

山顶广场左侧是“白云晚归”。这景点早在元代便是羊城八景之一。每当夕阳西下，天空出现五彩缤纷的晚霞，给人一种“人间最美夕阳红”的快意与美感。

再看右侧，这是“鸣春谷”，它建于1989年，是取唐代诗人韩愈《送孟东野序》文中“以鸟鸣春”之意而命名的，走进明春谷，映入我们眼帘的是天然的大鸟笼，它占地1.1万平方米，以18根高10.25米的钢柱支撑，采用悬索式张网结构，顶部是不锈钢，周围镀锌钢网将全区笼罩住。笼子里面是一个自然山谷，谷中放养的鸟类有丹顶鹤、天鹅、孔雀、黄复角雉、蓝马鸡等130多个品种，5000多只，构成立体赏鸟的优美环境。置身其中，仿佛深入“蝉噪林愈静，鸟鸣山更幽”的境界，令人有回归山林之感。

另外，在珍稀鸟展览区里，可以欣赏到各类珍稀保护鸟类，还可以看到我国的一些市的省鸟、市鸟。如广东的“白鹇”、广州的“画眉”等。

我们现在已经来到了摩星岭游览区，景区包括摩星岭、九龙泉、广州碑林、白云山赋、南雅堂、双溪别墅和山庄旅舍等景点。白云山知名度最高的泉为“九龙泉”，相传秦代的安期生隐居在白云寺，当时有九童子化为九条彩龙形成了泉眼，故名。又称“安期井”。

广州碑林的前身是“白云寺”，寺建于宋朝，是广州历史最悠久的古寺之一，后毁于战火，过了碑林就到了“双溪别墅”。门楣上“双溪”二字是朱德元帅手书。1965年，周恩来总理在“山庄旅舍”接见了印尼副总理，1978年，邓小平同志南巡来到山庄旅舍，在这里构思了“春天的故事”。

现在请随着我的脚步来到白云山的最高峰—摩星岭，它海拔382米，登临摩星岭，可俯视广州全貌。

我们最后要参观的是明珠楼游览区，请看区内“白云松涛”四个大字，你们知道它是水榭的吗?其实它是1965年董必武登临此处是的亲笔题词。明珠楼原是广东军阀陈济棠给其三姨太莫秀英所建的二层别墅。现在楼下为小卖部。楼上是茶楼，有人即可品茗，又游客远眺湖光山色。

现在是10分钟自由参观游览时间，10分钟之后我们再见。谢谢大家。

大家好!大家辛苦了!首先请允许我代表我们××旅行社欢迎各位朋友来腾冲地热火山风景名胜区观光旅游。我姓黎，是××旅行社的一名导游，大家叫我“导”好了。这位是我们的司机×师傅。旅游期间就由×师傅和我为大家提供服务，我们十分荣幸!大家在此旅游，可以把两颗心交给我们：一颗是“放心”，交给×师傅，因为他的车技娴熟，有20xx年的驾龄，从未出过任何事故;另一颗是“开心”，就交给黎导我好了。旅游期间，请大家认清导游旗的标志，以免跟错队伍。请大家记清集中和游览时间，以免因一人迟到而影响大家的活动。大家有什么问题和要求请尽量提出来，我将尽力解决。最后祝大家这次旅游玩得开心、吃得满意、住得舒适。谢谢!

首先和大家介绍一下腾冲!腾冲位于云南西部边陲，是云南省级历史文化名城。腾冲历史悠久，西汉时为滇越国，东汉属永昌郡，元明清时先后设署府、州、县等。曾经是古西南丝绸之路的要冲，由于地理位置重要，历代王朝都派重兵把守，明代还建造了“石头城”，被称为“极边第一城”。区内的火山和地热景观以其独特的风采享誉海内外，被列为国家重点风景名胜区;为纪念滇西抗战而建的“国殇墓园”是全国重点文物保护单位;境内还有道教圣地——云峰山、北海湿地自然保护区、叠水河瀑布及大树杜鹃王等景点;还有以“华侨之乡”“书香名里”“文化之津”“商贾重地”驰名中外著名的侨乡——和顺乡。

今天我们第一个目的地是腾冲热海，下午就是腾冲火山公园。

腾冲热海位于腾冲县城西南20公里处，面积约为 9平方公里，较大的气泉、温泉群共有80余处，其中10个温泉群的水温达90℃以上，到处都可以看到热泉在呼呼喷涌。世界上有温泉的地方很多，但像腾冲热海这样面积之广、泉眼之多实属罕见。

热海中最典型的是“大滚锅”。它的直径是3米多，水深1.5米，水温达97℃，昼夜翻滚沸腾，四季热气蒸腾。在澡塘河，有一个地质断裂带和一条大河交叉形成一个飞泻轰鸣的瀑布，下面有十几处热泉、汽泉昼夜喷薄而出，水汽交融，蒸腾弥漫，如烟如雾。现在热海建有多家疗养院、浴室，并建起了一些娱乐设施，前来旅游、治疗者每日不断。

有关热海，还有一个很美丽的神话传说：在远古的时候，这一带天寒地冷，人民苦不堪言，有个善良的老人历尽艰险，寻找办法，决心使这里变成温暖丰腴的地方。后来，他的诚心感动了神仙，神仙赐他一宝珠让他含在嘴里，他顿感燥热难耐，便一口气喝干了几条河水，最后他变作了吐热水的小龙。凡是他歇过脚的地方，就有了数不清的热泉。从此，这里便四季温暖，牛羊肥壮，五谷丰登。

从地质构造来看，腾冲位于世界瞩目的阿尔卑斯山——喜马拉雅山构造带，处于印度板块和欧亚板块急剧聚敛的结合线上。特殊的构造，使得这一地区的地下断层岩浆活动很剧烈，地热温泉中释放出氦和甲烷气体，说明地下岩浆活动一直未停止，并有源源不断的火山供给源，这种现象，是休眠火山的典型标志。所以，腾冲的地热奇观，是地层中心的热流向地表上升，顺着地壳断裂处勃然喷发的结果。

腾冲热海不仅具有独特的景观，而且对人们的生活非常有益。现在热海周围建有多家疗养院、浴室、娱乐设施，前来旅游、治疗者每日不断。景区有很多家温泉浴服务，价格在3-20元不等，但是，不能在大滚锅里洗澡。 因为太烫了。

腾冲小吃

民以食为天。腾冲小吃风味独特,各具千秋，然吃的时间地点有讲究，否则很难吃到老板最高水平。

饵丝，时间最好为早上七点至十二点，早点铺都有,据笔者多年观察，人气最旺的当所药王宫三角地明记早点铺。老板用筒子骨熬汤，鲜肉羹作汁，碎酥肉加帽，卤水调味，再洒上葱花、芫荽。

不用加佐料，看了闻了保管你流口水，要是放一小点老板面前的蜡腌菜(在锅里用油汤熬过的)，那就更加正宗。但是最地道最正宗最美味的饵丝不在城上，而是在农村里农民讨亲嫁女、盖大房子、过三十六、庆六十岁时带正客(正餐)的头天晚上。那是农民用自家喂养出来的原生态肥猪宰了用骨头皮子鲜肉作的汤羹帽子，配与胡家湾鲜饵丝制成的。味道非常鲜美，堪称腾冲一绝。当然这碗饵丝对来腾冲旅游的朋友可是千载难逢，可遇而不可求。

擦粉,顾名思义就是用铜刷把荞凉粉擦成细条，该小吃在云南仅腾冲独有，取材自高寒山地的苦荞，而苦荞又以古勇莽原上的为佳。时间为中午一点至五点左右，当然天气要辣，吃的才有味，地点为新老百货大楼旁。老板擦好荞粉，放上姜沫蒜泥盐巴味精辣椒麻油。再配以特制的香料，自制的梅子醋，那个才叫人间美味。吃了能败火祛湿除热毒，实为到腾旅游不可错过的特色小吃。 稀豆粉粑粑,与腾冲饵丝在早晚点的市场角逐中平分秋色，各占半壁江山。早晚都有，但白天很难吃到。最有名的当属叠水河边寸丽萍家的早点，文星楼的晚点。原料为胡家湾鲜风吹粑粑和腾冲境内土种植的碗豆。老板将粑粑烤得脆香放在小盘里，然后舀上热气腾腾的稀豆粉洒上烧花生在另一大碗里递过来，当然吃法有讲究。客人须用手撕了粑粑蘸豆粉吃。一定要手撕粑粑，否则不好吃。最好是原汁原味的吃三分之一然后加辣椒油吃一小部分，吃完那小部分，又加麻油吃一小点，最后所剩不多依口味条理调料。当然有人习惯把所有佐料放进豆粉搅匀，然后再撕了粑粑蘸了吃，这样味道就重。但稀豆粉会愈搅愈清，这样吃反而达不到最高境界。

卷粉，最畅销的为跌水河边寸丽萍家、中心小学附近明记家。时间最好是中午一点到五点左右。老板家用上等大米磨好，过滤，然后在家现蒸现卖。卷粉刚出蒸笼，抬将出来，摊上特制酱汁，洒上烧花生，味精、芫荽芝麻，卷起后即食。夏天炎热时游客如想吃，但时间又紧，奉劝还是算了，那买卷粉的车排队排得老长，争卷粉的人让老板忙得头晕眼花。当然如果有耐性可以克等，终会轮到自己的。

米线，以中心小学附近明记的草烧米线为全城一绝，吃的最佳时间为中午大热天。老板在米线上放现砌的脆黄瓜丝，洒上嫩豆芽菜，鲜炸瘦肉丝，酥肉面粒。顾客放上白糖醋，姜蒜汁，西红柿，辣椒，麻油，黄笋，芝麻，芫荽即可。

撒撇，原为德宏州傣族小吃。近几年随着腾冲旅游业的飞跃发展，撒撇亦在腾安家落户，并火了起来。中午十二点后到深夜都有，白天可到岔一街的小巷，或是三角地，或是植物园可吃到，晚上夜市里让烧烤老板介绍都有。撒撇材料是细米线，干巴丝，烤牛肝，鲜肉粒，小米辣，韭菜沫，味道有酸苦两种，苦的放牛苦肠，酸的放柠檬汁。最好就是告诉老板两样味道都要(反正不多收钱)，看看自己喜欢蘸那种就蘸那种。很自由的，味道也不错。

那么大家就在这边参观参观，泡一下温泉，吃一下地道的小吃，吃饱喝足之后下午去宏伟壮观的腾冲火山公园。

早上的大滚锅是不是很“热”呢，好了，现在在我们面前的是腾冲火山公园。它位于横断山系南段的高黎贡山西侧的腾冲县，有“天然地质博物馆”之誉。这里集中分布在和顺、马站一带的大大小小高高矮矮的火山，构成了一个庞大火山群景观，是典型的第四纪火山，也是我国最为著名的火山密集区之一，规模与完整性都居全国之首。

腾冲共有休眠期火山97座，其中火山口保存较完整的火山达23座。这些火山有穹状火山、截顶圆锥状火山、盾状火山、低平马尔式火山4种类型，其中有23座火山的火山口保存较完整，这使腾冲火山以类型齐全、规模宏大、分布集中、保存较完整而著称于世，腾冲也因此被誉为“天然火山地质博物馆”。同时，腾冲县境内有80多个地热显露区域，数量之多堪称国内第一，而且其种类之多亦为国内少见。据地质界人士介绍，腾冲地热按温度高低来划分有汽泉、沸泉、热泉、温泉;而按物质成分划分则有碳酸泉、氡泉、硫磺泉、硫化氢泉、放射性氢泉等。

腾冲火山景区内的马站火山群有大空山、小空山、黑空山、城子楼山、大团山、小团山、长坡山、打鹰山以及距城4公里的马鞍山、老龟坡火山等22座，像一个个精艺盆景，极为壮观。站在大空山顶，北面的黑空山，南面的小空山及周围的火山群，将随游人的视野无限展开，大面积势若

奔腾的熔岩流凝成的石山以及巧夺天工的火山熔洞，幽静神秘，千姿百态。如今，借大自然造化之功兴建的腾冲火山群国家公园已成为越来越多的海内外游客的必游之所。

请大家在指定的游览范围内活动，在这，我们可以看到火山爆发后留下的痕迹。请大家在 点在地方集中。

昨天晚上大家休息得好吗?我想大家都有一个安稳，舒心的睡眠。今天，我们要参观的是云南省腾冲县是翡翠加工业的发祥地，始于明代中期，兴于清代，至今已有400多年的历史，其内涵之丰富、功用之广泛、工艺之精美，在全国玉雕行业中享有极高的声誉，被誉为中国翡翠第一城。

翡翠文化源于中原玉文化，但又有着独特的传承和发展，具有地域文化的色彩。不管是谁，在腾冲一段时间，你必定会从日常生活中感受到这种文化深深的、浓浓的地方气息。 自古以来，腾越人便崇玉、爱玉。在家中、茶楼、酒馆、茶余饭后，翡翠是人们谈论的主要话题。无论大人、孩子，许多人都可以把一串串翡翠的传奇故事讲得出神入化。腾冲人祭扫、避邪用的是翡翠，手上戴的、身上挂的、家居装点收藏的，大多是翡翠。会亲访友、谈婚论嫁，送的礼物中最贵重的是翡翠。老祖母临终时;郑重交待的，必然是家传数代的老玉镯子。翡翠渗入了腾冲人民生活的各个层面。

为什么翡翠在腾冲有这么深的影响力。这得从历史、地理的渊源说起：

五百多年前，腾越商人在缅甸的商务活动中，意外地发现了翡翠;成为这一文化的起点。 清末;腾越著名学者尹子监《老困游记·野人山调查记》一文云：“野人山为我孟养司及茶山里麻两地官司属土。虽前代称为藩屏。”

光绪《腾越厅志》载：“玉石以红白分明，透水者为佳。翡翠为上品，其名不一，均出励拱。” 檀萃《滇海虞衡志》载：“至出南金沙江，昔为腾越所属。”这些史料说明：腾越人是翡翠的发现者，产翡翠的野人山地区，历史上曾一度是我国的“藩屏”。是腾越的属地。翡翠面世以后，腾冲人立即疏通了数条通往玉石场的道路。并把采掘、运输、加工、集散，推到了一个极其辉煌的阶段。从而奠定了腾越“翡翠城”在中国玉器史上不可动摇的地位。腾冲几百年加工残存下来的满地碎玉便是历史的明证。

走在腾冲街头，你经常可以看到，在改建拆迁的废墟中，许多人在地上细细地翻检，找寻过去加工残留的碎玉，历年来，仅此收集的碎玉，就有上千吨之多;足见历史上腾冲翡翠加工规模之浩大。

腾越人是幸运的，翡翠给他们带来了福拉 一个原来山高路遥的偏夷之地，不久便发展成了滇西的商业重镇。一时间，一些雄商大贾挟资云集，人文菩革，各种商店鳞次伟比。成为了远近闻名的富庶之乡。著名地理学家徐霞客说它是“迪西所无”。

翡翠寄托着人们各种美好的愿望，如果一刀解涨;只要有种、有绿、有水，金钱便会滚滚而来。盖高楼、细雕梁、存字画、兴教育、疏道路、办学堂，富了的人们十分注重捡朴，急公好义，爱国爱乡。哪一处没有翡翠那清纯的影姿。

翡翠业是个多风险的行业。从业者，必须与缅北恶劣的自然环境拼争;得用经验与运气与自然赌，素有“十赌九输之说”。就是在这种成败之间，勤劳勇敢的腾越人，一代代、一批批，以坚韧不拨的精神，跋涉在这坎坎坷坷的翡翠路上，为社会增添了财富，把真善美永留人间。

现在，中国已加入了世贸，随着各地交流的增大，腾冲的旅游事业蓬蓬勃勃开展起来，给翡翠业带来了无限广阔的空间。我们有5千多年的传统翡翠文化，有400多年从事翡翠加工的悠久历史，有壹万多从事翡翠业的产业大军，人才济济，新人倍出，加之与缅北玉石场仅距290公里的良好地理优势及人们对于发展珠宝业的共同理念;腾冲“翡翠城”将更加辉煌。

大家可以在这逛逛，看到喜欢的玉石可以议价买下，这里的玉石是很有名的哦。

现在我们看到的是壮观的叠水河。叠水河瀑布发源于腾冲县东北部的大盈江，属于伊洛瓦底江水系，沿途众流汇合，水量渐丰。它流经腾冲县城西约二里的地面时，遇到一个巨大的断层崖。崖旁三峰突起，比肩兀立，水从左峡中夺路而出，从46米高的崖头跌下深潭，然后继续奔涌向前。这里，河水仿佛被叠为二折，故俗称“叠水河瀑布”，这里响声雷动，水花四溅，形成了“不用弓

弹花自散”的景观。四周水汽蒸腾，在阳光下常现出七色彩虹，更使飞瀑增添了异彩。 这里的温度相对教低，大家要注意以下啊。

旁边的那个台叫龙光台，是始建于明嘉靖六年(1520xx年)的一座古寺。后来，著名的守边将领邓子龙又重新修建，孤峰飞阁，风光绚丽。台中有许多碑石题刻，其中清光绪时的进士寸开泰仿昆明大观楼长联而作的一长联尤为有名。联云;捷足上高台，披襟远眺，喜山川面面皆新。看：盈江飞瀑，凤岭晴岚，笼耸朝云晚照，笔峰并雪，大洞温泉。胜景名区，一一奔来眼底。乘此氛消雾散，日暖气清，安排美酒香茶，收拾新蔬佳果，招邀密友良朋，乘兴快登临，好细玩：两厢歌赋，半壁诗文，双塔烟霞，四周花木;回头思往迹，拔剑狂呼，叹豪杰纷纷谁在。想;丞相天威，尚书营垒，总戎露布，参府战功，经略边筹，将军忠节，流风余韵，重重触到心间。迄今事过境迁，时殊势异，指点荒榛败梗，摩挲断喝残碑，搜访故旧址，捐资宏建筑，更永固：七司障屏，三宣门户，八关锁钥，九隘藩篱。 上联描绘了腾冲的壮丽河山、十二风景名胜区;下联抒情怀古，赞扬了丞相诸葛亮、明代“兵部尚书”王骥以及“总戎”刘綖、“参府”邓子龙等安边保国的事迹，情景交融，气势恢宏，堪称楹联之佳作。

和顺古名阳温暾，因有河流顺村而过，更名为“河顺”。后借“云涌吉祥，风吹和顺”的诗句定名为“和顺”，寄托了当地人民对美好生活的向往。

和顺位于腾冲城西3公里，它有3个行政村，占地17平方公里。全镇有l 300多户，6 000多人，历史文化悠久，以华侨出国历史长、侨属多而成为我省著名的侨乡。和顺自然环境优越，气候温和，花木茂盛，古建筑保存较多，和顺古老的民居建筑和淳朴的民风、传统民俗一起历经了600多年风雨，世代文化的积淀和多元文化的熏陶，铸就了边远古镇的风采。

20xx年，被《中国国家地理》《时尚旅游》等联合推荐为“人一生要去的50个地方”之一。20xx年和顺荣膺“中国十大魅力名镇”榜首，并夺得唯一的“中国魅力名镇年度大奖”。20xx年被评为中国最美的十个小镇之一。

和顺的魅力究竟何在呢?现在就让我们一同去探个究竟吧。

据考古材料证实，新石器晚期以前就有人类在这里繁衍生息了。

明朝初期，今和顺几个大姓的始祖就以军职屯守此地了，开创了和顺新的历史。

雨州亭

我们前方荷花池的雨州亭是乡下人为了纪念首任和顺益群中学校长，后任云南大学副校长的寸树声先生而建的，表现了和顺人尊师重教的优良传统。亭中有原全国人大副委员楚图南提写的亭名碑。进入主村落的道路，直穿坝子中间。入村道路的中段，建有一座造型古朴的亭子，四面有门洞，亭内设有长凳，这是供路人避雨和歇脚纳凉的风雨亭。

绕村而过的小河上面这两座石拱桥，因形如双虹得名双虹桥。桥下鸭鹅戏水，古树横卧，是人们春游，赏月的好地方。远远看到的水边的洗衣亭依然有居民在洗衣。

滇缅抗战博物馆

这里是当年中国远征军第二十集团军司令部的旧址。滇缅抗战是反法西斯战争的重要组成部分，是中国人民从1840年鸦片战争以来，第一次将日寇赶出国门的战斗。这是我国第一个民间出资建设、民间收藏、以抗战为主题的博物馆。于20xx年7月7日建成开馆，馆藏6 000多件文物，l 000多幅老照片，再现了中国远征军和中国驻印军与美、英盟军歼灭日本侵略者的那段历史。

云峰山位于腾冲县城西北50多公里的瑞滇乡，远看形如玉笋挺立，直插天际，因峰腰常常云雾缭绕，故名“云峰山”。

云峰山以“山高谷深，陡峭险峻”而著称。山上一千多级“三折云梯”直通山顶，最陡处的43级石阶近乎垂直，且宽不足尺。两旁是万丈深渊，令人目眩心惊。游客需面贴绝壁，手扶铁链而上。云峰寺建在两亩见方的山顶，有玉皇阁、老群殿、观音殿等明

代建筑。站在天门极目远眺，但见远处高黎贡山雪峰皑皑，四周群山苍翠葱茏，平川春色如画，景色极为优美壮丽。

绮罗乡位于腾冲城东南4公里。这里不公是全国著名的侨篆、“文明之乡”，还是风光秀丽、景色如画的旅游之地。绮罗乡共有3个自然村，其中下绮罗村最大，共460多户。这里的居民依姓氏聚居，自成巷道口建有一幢“总大门”。总大门用腾冲火山石砌成八字形的石墙，中间留一圆形拱门洞，其上为飞檐墙顶，门对面的月台上有半月形照壁以护风水。月台左右各栽一株香樟树，树下垒有石台，冬可晒太阳，夏可纳凉，也是族人休息聊天之处。

村前小桥流水，清辙的绮罗河自北向南流过，远望“宛若襟带，状似菱罗”，形似一条游龙。坝子上阡陌纵横，春夏满目葱茏，金秋一片金黄。村南罗生山上，有始建于明嘉靖二年(1520xx年)的水映寺，因寺中池水常年不干，周围景物尽映其中而得名。

槟榔江位于腾冲城西6公里。这里山明水秀，边陲风光和少数民族风情具有独特的魅力。槟榔江发源于腾冲县西北部五台山一带，于古永芭蕉林 流入盈江县，境内流长59公里。由于两岸皆是茂密的森林，无任何工业污染，河水清澈透明，江畔自然风光秀美无比。在中国最西南的乡村----猴桥，江中多奇石，有的状如蜂窝，有的大如房屋，经千万年江

水的冲刷，千奇百怪，俨然是一座天然石雕公园。这里的傈僳族不太同于怒江一带的傈僳族，他们的服装艳丽，民居、歌舞、食宿等有着鲜明的特色，“上刀上，下火海”的刀杆节就是在这里举行。

怪龙潭位于高黎贡山与其支脉鸡冠梁子相接处。这里海拔3000多米，崖上怪石嶙峋

，有一潭水暗绿、深不可测的龙潭，四周古树参天，龙潭上空浓云笼罩。行人到此若大

声喧哗，山间马上就会回声四起，接着风雨交加，电闪雷鸣，令人胆颤心惊。这里是探险猎奇的好处。

大树“杜鹃王”位于腾冲县之北的界头乡大塘村。在千峰叠翠的高黎贡山半山腰，生长着一种大杜鹃花。它是世界上800多种杜鹃花中树型最大、花朵最大的品种，被科学家们称为“大树杜鹃王”。60多年前，一段直径为87厘米，代表对高25米，树龄280年的大树杜鹃圆盘标本在英国皇家博物馆里展出，轰动了世界植物学界，这个标本是从腾冲县大塘村弄去的。

眼看火车站就要到了，我也要和大家说再见了。常言道“相见时难别亦难，送君千里终有别”。在此，我非常感谢各位朋友对我工作的支持。短短几天时间，大家给我留下了非常深刻的印象，谢谢大家的合作!在几天的游览过程中，若有不尽人意之处，还请各位批评指正，您的意见将是我们努力的方向，您的建议将是我们改进的目标。在返程途中，如果有什么不足之处，还请多谅解。希望我有机会能为大家服务，带领大家欣赏我们的春季湖水、夏日荷香、秋天红叶和冬季的雪光。一年四季的美景等着您。最后祝愿大家一路平安!合家欢乐!身体健康!

祖山距秦皇岛市区48.5公里。是一处以雄险的山景为主体特色并具有一定历史文化的山岳型国家级风景名胜区。祖山，大约是一亿年前燕山造山运动的花岗岩侵入体，经过多年提升、断裂、风化、剥蚀等地质地理过程形成的一座独立山体，因燕山东段，渤海以北诸峰皆以此山分支盘拨，意群山之祖而得名。由于渤海以北、燕山以东诸峰都是由它的分支绵延而成，故以“群山之祖”命名。其最高峰天女峰，海拔1424米，略逊于泰山。登上天女峰，东观日出，南追帆影，西望长城，北俯群山，美景尽收眼底。

祖山，山势跌宕，峰峦陡峻。以山、水、石、洞、花五奇著称，是一处具有一定历史文化的山岳型自然风景区。春季繁花似锦，百鸟争鸣;夏季风凉气爽，云蒸霞蔚;秋季红叶满山，野果飘香等病症季银妆素裹，玉树琼花，被誉为“塞北小黄山”。

山势雄伟，群峰林立。海拔千米以上的高峰达二十多座。主峰天女峰，海拔1428米，是秦皇岛港显著的航标;奇乐峰(响山)，海拔1360米，四周悬崖峭壁，山体裂缝纵横，山风掠过如管弦，奏出悦耳的乐章;香瓜峰(香瓜顶)，海拔1200余米，南坡是百亩天在草甸，东坡是天然次生林带。此山坡缓顶圆，如同“香瓜”;背牛顶，四周绝壁，高不可攀;八仙峰(八仙顶)，悬崖怪石环绕，在云海的涌下如林海蓬莱。

石奇谷幽，姿态万千。祖山山体在长期风化剥蚀和流水侵蚀下，形成许多绝壁幽谷和象形奇石。“情人谷”，溪水常流，瀑布成群，碧潭珠串。两壁时而峭壁凌空，时而坡缓林密，时而幽暗深邃，时而袒胸露怀。穿林入谷，曲径通幽;“画廊谷”，北岸奇险，崖顶怪石林立;南岸郁郁葱葱，藤蔓缠绕，繁花似锦;沟底巨石叠卧，清溪绕流，游人步行其上如鸟越石，俗称“三千六百跳”。

长城导游词

各位旅客，大家好!我是你们的导游何宜臻，大家能够叫我小何。这次很荣幸能和大家游览长城。

远远望去，长城像一条巨大无比的长龙。近看，长城一眼望不到头。站在长城上看，一座座烽火台屹立在长城上，像一个永远不会倒的不倒翁。

长城还是古代一项重要的防御工程，从燕国开始修建长城，长城此刻已经有20__多年历史了!

关于长城还有一个感人的传说。在修建长城的时候，除了60岁以上的老人不用去修建长城，其它的青年都得去修建长城。苏州书生范喜良，为了逃避官府的追捕，不得不四处躲藏。有一次，他逃到了孟家花园，无意中碰到了孟姜女。孟姜女是一个聪明美丽的姑娘，她和父母便一齐把范喜良藏了起来。两位老人很喜欢范喜良，就把孟姜女许配给他作了妻子。但是，人有旦夕祸福，天有不测风云，新婚不到三天，范喜良声就被官兵捉走了。之后，孟姜女千里迢迢地来到长城找丈夫。谁知，民工告诉她，范喜良已经死了。她便在长城脚下痛哭，不知哭了多久，只听“轰隆”一声，长城倒了几公里。

旅客们，请不要随地扔垃圾，和在城砖上乱涂乱刻。我们7点在城门集合。

公元271年(晋武帝泰始七年)，晋王朝把南中四郡(建宁、云南、永昌、兴古)从益州(治成都)分划出来，设立宁州，与益州同列，为全国十九州之一。东晋以后，“方土大姓”爨氏势力逐渐强盛，成为滇中地区的统治者。公元339年(成帝咸和十四年)，晋王朝封爨琛为宁州刺史，并承认其世袭地位。历经南北朝隋初的二百多年间，在中原政治、民族纷争的形势下，爨氏对昆川一隅的统治，保持了“力役齐平，教化清静”的较为安定的社会局面，使滇池地区的社会经济有了新的发展。到梁末隋初爨瓒、爨震时代，滇池地区已是“户口殷众，金宝富饶”、“多骏马、犀象、明珠”，成为当时西南在经济上较为繁荣和富庶的地区。

公元617年唐王朝建立，先后在云南设置了九十二州。滇池地区为九十二州的主要部分。公元618年(唐高祖武德元年)，唐朝任命爨氏子孙爨弘达为昆州刺史，治理属县，治所仍设在益宁城。唐代中叶，蒙氏势力在洱海地区崛起，建立南诏国。公元746～747年，蒙氏皮罗阁进兵安宁，攻灭爨氏。公元765年，蒙氏阁逻风(南诏国国王)命长子凤迦异于昆川(今昆明城区一带)置拓东城，并令其驻守。拓东城就成为了当时南诏国的东部重镇。拓东城的开辟，为古代昆明的城市发展奠定了基础，并发展成为南诏的第二政治、经济、军事和文化中心，往来广西、贵州和安南(今越南)的重要通道，在当时大西南的社会经济发展和与东南亚的国际交往中占有重要的地位。

公元937年，大理段氏夺取南诏政权，建立大理国，统一了云南，在拓东城的基础上设鄯阐府，为大理国八府之一。府治沿袭拓东城。段氏政权在其内部经历了较剧烈的社会变革，释奴隶，免徭役，进一步瓦解南诏的贵族统治，解放了社会生产力。鄯阐府的城市规模进一步扩大，繁华的市中心逐渐移至盘龙江以西(今金碧路、三市街)一带，大理国国主也经常驻节于此。段氏统治者在鄯阐营造宫室园林，兴修水利，到大理国末期，鄯阐城已发展成为滇中一座“商工颇众”的繁华城市。

Dear tourists

Hello everyone, welcome to Nanchang, the hero city. Im Xiao Li. Now let meintroduce the general situation of Nanchang, the capital of Jiangxi Province. Asthe political, economic, cultural and transportation center of the province, itis a city with a long history and glorious revolutionary tradition. It islocated in the north of central Jiangxi Province, the lower reaches of GanjiangRiver and Fuhe River, and the Poyang Lake Plain. The total area is about 7402square kilometers and the total population is about 4.62 million. The city hasfive districts including Donghu District, Xihu District, Qingyunpu District,Wanli District and Qingshanhu District, and four counties including Nanchang,Xinjian, Jinxian and Anyi. The name of Nanchang began in the Western HanDynasty, implying "Changda Nanjiang" and "prosperity of the South". Nanchang wasfounded in 2 BC___ In, Guan Ying, the famous founding General of the HanDynasty, was ordered to lead his troops to Nanchang, where Yuzhang county andNanchang County were officially established. The next year (before 201), a localcity was built in Nanchang, which was called "Guancheng". This is the beginningof Nanchang.

Nanchang city is located in the north and south traffic arteries of ourcountry. The existing water, land and air transportation network can lead to thewhole province and all parts of the country. The first plane, the first wheeledtractor, the first motorcycle and the first coastal defense missile of new Chinawere born here. In recent years, Nanchangs industrial economy has made greatprogress, initially forming five pillar industries, such as automobile, medicineand food, textile and clothing, electronic information and home appliances, newmaterials, and striving to become an important base of modern manufacturingindustry and regional economic center city. The agricultural economy and thetertiary industry also have a rapid development, business circulation is active,a prosperous scene.

Nanchang has many scenic spots and rich tourism resources. According toincomplete statistics, Nanchang has 104 tourism resources with development valueand development, including 26 natural landscapes and 28 cultural landscapes.Among them, Tengwang Pavilion, the first of the three famous buildings in thesouth of the Yangtze River, is the main representative of ancient culturaltourism, red tourism represented by the former site of Bayi Uprisingheadquarters, and green tourism represented by Meiling, Nanchang baohulu farm asthe main representative of the characteristics of leisure tourism.

Now let me briefly introduce Tengwang Pavilion, which is known as the firstfloor of Xijiang. Tengwang pavilion was built by Li Yuanying, the fourth son ofTang Gaozu Li Yuan. During the reign of Zhenguan, Li Yuanying was granted thetitle of King Teng, so it was named tengwangge. The reason why tengwangge isfamous in the world is that we have to mention Wang Bos preface to tengwangge.It is said that when the young Wang Bo was exploring for his family, he happenedto catch up with the banquet Party of Yan Boyu, the governor. He was so excitedthat he asked someone to take out his pen and ink and wrote down the preface toTengwang Pavilion on the spot. Please look here. The two lines are written onthe gate bar. The sunset and the lone duck fly together, and the autumn watergrows in the same color. These two sentences can be said to be the best of allages and have been handed down to this day.

Nanchang food is very special. Here we can taste some special dishes, suchas Chenhao fried bacon, Poyang Lake lion head, three cups of chicken, three cupsof dog meat, three cups of foot fish, Huangqin roast brine, Gan flavor milk dogmeat, fermented wax gourd circle, five yuan Longfeng soup, etc. We can alsotaste some folk snacks, such as Nanchang rice noodles, stone street Mahua,hometown Guoba, spicy hot and fried snacks.

Hello, everyone! Im very glad to accompany you to visit the Yellow CraneTower, a famous building in the south of the Yangtze River. I will do my best toprovide you with a comprehensive and considerate tour guide service. I wish youall have a good time.

The Yellow Crane Tower has been praised by Chinese poets of all ages, andhas always enjoyed the reputation of "peerless scenery in the world". Togetherwith Yueyang Tower in Hunan Province and Tengwang Pavilion in Jiangxi Province,it is known as "three famous buildings in the south of the Yangtze River". Withits long history and magnificent posture, it ranks first in the third floor andenjoys the reputation of "peerless scenery in the world".

As we all know, there are many kinds of cranes in nature, including whitecrane, grey crane, Red Crowned Crane, black necked Crane and so on, but there isno yellow crane. So why do people in Wuhan call the landmark building of theirhometown Yellow Crane Tower? This beautiful name comes from a beautifulmyth.

Once upon a time, there was a man named Xin who was selling wine on the topof Huanghu mountain. One day, an old man in ragged clothes came to him and askedhim for drinks. Although his business was small and profitable, he was faithful,kind and charitable. Seeing that Lao Dao was very pitiful, he generously agreed.After having enough to eat and drink, Lao Dao was very grateful to Xin. Later,Lao Dao would come every day, and Hsin would answer every request. A year passedunconsciously. One day, Lao Dao came to the hotel again. As soon as Xin saw him,he quickly prepared food and wine for Lao Dao. Lao Dao quickly stopped him andsaid, "I dont drink today. Im here to say goodbye to you.". He said thatdrinking every day, no thanks, but I will draw, I will draw a picture for yourhotel as a souvenir. After that, Lao Dao picked up the orange peel on the groundand drew it on the wall. In a short time, he drew a crane. Because the color ofthe orange peel is yellow, the crane is also yellow. After the painting, Lao Daosaid to Xin: as long as you clap your hands, the yellow crane will come down anddance for the drinkers.

As soon as Xin heard this, he was very happy. He immediately went to seethe crane painted by Lao Dao. He thought it was lifelike and very beautiful. Heturned to thank Lao Dao for drawing such a good picture for his hotel, but LaoDao had disappeared. The next day, a guest came to the hotel. He thought of theold Taoists words and clapped his hands for a try. Sure enough, the YellowCrane jumped down, sang and danced, and then jumped back to the wall. The guestwas very happy. After the news spread, people and tourists from three towns inWuhan came to the store to watch the Yellow Crane Dance. Since then, the hotelbusiness flourished, and Xins got rich.

One day ten years later, Lao Dao appeared in the hotel again. When she sawhim, she was very happy. She took Lao Dao and said, "when youve been there forten years, Ill inquire about your whereabouts and find out where you are. Todayyou are back, please dont leave again. After Xins speech, Lao Dao said to Xin:I wonder if you have paid off my wine debt with the money you have earned in thepast ten years? Xin said in a hurry: Thank you very much. With the help of theYellow Crane you left behind, I am very rich now. On hearing this, the Taoistpriest laughed, took off his flute and played a wonderful tune to the YellowCrane on the wall. The Yellow Crane began to sing and dance with the flute. Atthe end of the song, the old Taoist stepped on the yellow crane. The YellowCrane flew away with the old Taoist. Since then, the old Taoist never cameback.

People in the three towns of Wuhan miss this crane, which brings themhappiness and auspiciousness. They suggest that Xin build a pavilion beside thehotel to honor Laodao and Huanghe. At the same time, it also guides the oldTaoist and yellow crane who travel all over the world. I hope they will comeback soon. Xin accepted everyones advice and took out the money he hadaccumulated for many years to build a high-rise building next to the hotel. Hefelt that the Yellow Crane helped him get rich, so he named it the Yellow CraneTower. For thousands of years, this story has been widely spread, and has becomethe most influential legend of the Yellow Crane Tower.

The Yellow Crane Tower was first built in 223 A.D. in the second year of WuHuangwu in the Three Kingdoms. It has a history of more than 1700 years, duringwhich it has been destroyed and built repeatedly. This is because the YellowCrane Tower is no longer a scenic building in the general sense, it reflects therise and fall of an era. Since the Yellow Crane Tower was destroyed in 1884,people have been looking forward to its reappearance in Jiangcheng, but theyhave not been able to do so. It was not until after the reform and opening upthat the Yellow Crane Tower was rebuilt, which fully reflects the improvement ofChinas comprehensive national strength. The Yellow Crane Tower we are visitingtoday is based on the Yellow Crane Tower of the Qing Dynasty. Constructionstarted in 1981 and was completed in 1984. It is 100 years since the last YellowCrane Tower was destroyed.

The Snake Mountain, where the Yellow Crane Tower is located, is composed ofseven mountains arranged from east to west and connected end to end. From westto East, there are Huanghu mountain, Yinjia mountain, Huanglong Mountain,Gaoguan mountain, Daguan mountain, Qipan mountain and Xishan Mountain, with atotal length of more than 20__ meters. It is named Snake Mountain because it issimilar to crouching snake. The Yellow Crane Tower is built on the top ofHuanghu mountain. In ancient Chinese, the two words "Hu" and "he" are common, soit is also called Huanghe mountain. The pavilion on Huanghe mountain is ofcourse called huanghe tower. But people are more willing to accept the legend ofimmortals.

In order to make you enjoy the Yellow Crane Tower better, I use five wordsto summarize the characteristics of the Yellow Crane Tower: high, strange,dangerous, beautiful and wonderful. It is high in the mountains, high buildingsare higher, and the sky is pierced by clouds and clouds; it is strange that thegods cross the crane, and the myth spreads; it is dangerous to stand near theriver, and there is no land under it; it is beautiful to climb the tower andoverlook the scenery of Wuhan; it is wonderful that the literati and theanecdotes spread.

OK, now we have come to the Yellow Crane Tower Park. Yellow Crane TowerPark is composed of main building, pavilions, porches, memorial archways andGushi commercial street. The main building has a clear height of 51.4 meters andfive floors. It is square in shape and looks like one. Each side is 35 meterslong, with 72 columns rising from the ground and 60 cornices flying in the air.It takes advantage of the length of the calendar tower to gather the beauty ofthe north and the south. The golden colored glazed roof is simple and beautiful,and the red gourd shaped top glitters at night. Each layer has a strong poeticflavor. Now lets go into the main building to have a look.

We are now in the hall on the first floor of the Yellow Crane Tower. Thehall is 22 meters wide and 14 meters long. Look at these antique pillars, whichhave a circumference of two meters. They go straight to the top floor, which canbe said to be the Optimus Prime of the whole building. This "picture of whiteclouds and yellow cranes" is 9 meters high and 6 meters wide. On the picture,the Yellow Crane Tower stands in the middle, with a fairy riding on the YellowCrane and an iron flute blowing on the top, and people singing and dancingbelow. The whole picture is full of romantic and magical atmosphere. On bothsides of the painting, there is a couplet of Zhang Zhidong, an importantMinister of the late Qing Dynasty

Cool air from the West

The river goes to the East and the waves wash away the worries of the pastand the present

After the famous couplet in the hall, there is a huge carved screen, whichis painted with the shape of the Yellow Crane Tower in history. It is highlyskilled and antique, which can be called a fine art.

OK, please follow me up. Our current location is not the second floor, butthe mezzanine between the first floor and the second floor, commonly known asthe horse racing gallery. There are such horse racing corridors between everytwo floors. You can calculate that the Yellow Crane Tower originally has fivefloors. In addition, the horse racing corridor between every two floors has atotal of nine floors inside. Therefore, the Yellow Crane Tower has a buildingstructure of five floors outside and nine floors inside. Here are somehistorical celebrities calligraphy and paintings. You can enjoy them.

As you can see, there are six models of Yellow Crane Tower in Tang, song,yuan, Ming, Qing Dynasties and modern times on the second floor. They eachrepresent the architectural styles of their own times. You see, the Yellow CraneTower of the Tang Dynasty is connected with the city on the first floor and hasonly two floors on the outside. The overall structure is simple and rough,giving people a sense of simplicity and vigor. Take another look at the SongDynasty building, which is composed of four parts: building, terrace, porch andcorridor. Each floor has a double eaves, which shows the delicate and meaningfulartistic style of the Song Dynasty. The form of the Yuan Dynasty continued thestyle of the Song Dynasty, while the Ming Dynasty was still two-tier.

If you look at it again, there are some cloth awnings and other things. Doyou know what they are for? Yes, they are the umbrellas used by people inancient times. Look at the Yellow Crane Tower in the Qing Dynasty. It has threefloors. The first floor has 12 eaves, representing 12 hours of a day. The secondfloor has 12 eaves, representing 12 months of a year. The third floor has 24eaves, representing 24 solar terms of a year. The most amazing thing about it isthat it can integrate the traditional Chinese astronomy and calendar culture.Unfortunately, it was destroyed by thunder and fire in the summer of 1884, thatis, the 10th year of Guangxu reign of the Qing Dynasty. The last one is now theYellow Crane Tower. It is based on the Yellow Crane Tower of the Qing Dynasty.It was rebuilt in 1984. It not only has the unique traditional shape of theYellow Crane Tower, but also is more magnificent than the buildings of previousdynasties.

Please hold the stairs and follow me to the third floor. Here is a ceramicpainting called "the quintessence of literati". The figures in the picture havedifferent and lifelike expressions, which reproduces the scenes of the literaticoming here to chant poems and Fu. You see, the yellow robe in the middle is CuiHao, the great poet of Tang Dynasty. It is said that one year, Cui Hao came tothe Yellow Crane Tower and wrote an impromptu poem after his visit

Once upon a time, people had gone by the Yellow Crane, but there was noyellow crane tower left here.

Once the yellow crane is gone, it will never return.

Qingchuan experienced Hanyang tree, grass luxuriant parrot island.

Where is the hometown at dusk? The Yanbo river is worrying.

This poem has a wonderful artistic conception and is a rare poem describingthe Yellow Crane Tower. However, there are many famous poets in Tang Dynasty,and Cui Hao is not well-known. Therefore, although his poems are good, no oneappreciates them. Another year, the poet Li Bai came to the Yellow Crane Tower.The local people were very happy to see the poet come here, and asked Li Bai towrite a poem for the Yellow Crane Tower. After visiting, Li Bai felt that thelegend of Yellow Crane Tower was strange and the scenery was beautiful, so hemade great progress in poetry and agreed to write poems. People are ready tostudy four treasures, Li Bai dipped in thick ink, hold his breath, to write, butat this time, he looked up, saw Cui Haos poem on the wall, he was stunned onthe spot, shook his head, stopped writing. The onlookers did not know why. Theyasked why. Li Bai sighed and chanted a doggerel

One blow smashes the Yellow Crane Tower and one kick overturns the parrotisland.

In front of me, there is a scene. Cui Hao wrote a poem on it!

After chanting, he left. As a result of Li Bais praise, Cui Haos poemsare well-known, and the Yellow Crane Tower is also spread around with Cui Haospoems.

The fourth floor is the cultural activity place of the Yellow Crane Tower,displaying the impromptu works of famous contemporary calligraphers and paintersvisiting the building. There are also four treasures of the study speciallyprepared here. If any tourists are interested, they might as well show theirskills here.

Now we come to the viewing platform on the fifth floor of the Yellow CraneTower. The first picture we see here is a group of paintings called "thevastness of the river and the sky", which covers an area of 90 square meters andis the largest among the murals in the whole building. It consists of 10 colorpaintings. The three on the front wall are the center of the group of paintings.The first one records the process of the ancient Yangtze River culture from topto bottom. The second is the water waves depicted with gold lines on the stonegreen background, occupying the whole picture. It seems that people stand on across section of the Yangtze River and feel the waves rushing eastward. Thethird one reflects the process of the Yellow Crane Towers emergence, rise andfall after the Three Kingdoms period. The other seven, painted on the e Fang,are: the source of the Yangtze River, the waterfalls in the upper reaches, thescenery of the Three Gorges, the wonders of Lushan, the scenery of Taihu Lake,the river flowing into the sea and the vicissitudes of the sea.

Now lets go to the West and enjoy the beautiful scenery of the three townsin Wuhan. In front of you are the Yangtze River rolling eastward and the YangtzeRiver bridge which makes the natural moat a thoroughfare. In front of you arethe towering TV Tower on Guishan mountain, the magnificent Qingchuan Hotel, suchas the Qingchuan Bridge across the river with rainbow The Yellow Crane Tower,like an old man, sits firmly on the top of the Snake Mountain, witnessing thevicissitudes of Wuhans history and changing today, and looking forward to theprosperous future with expectation.

Well, the tour of Yellow Crane Tower is coming to an end. I hope myexplanation can leave you a good memory. Please forgive me for the shortcomings.Welcome to Jiangcheng next time and come here. I wish you a pleasant journey anda pleasant journey!

大明寺位于扬州瘦西湖西北角的蜀冈中峰上，因始建于南朝宋孝武帝大明年间(公元457-464年)而得名，现在看到的寺是清同治年间建的。唐代名僧鉴真东渡日本前，即在大明寺传经授戒，该寺因此出名。

整个大明寺分三个部分，中部是主体寺庙建筑，东部是栖灵塔，西部是园林式的后花园——西园。按中部-东部-西部的顺序即可游览全大明寺。

沿着舒缓的台阶爬上山——山不高，海拔才28米，即来到大明寺的正门。山路两边有很多出售香火的小贩，不要买，外面的香是不准带入寺内的。请香在寺内，60元起，比较贵，你可以不烧香只拜一拜。

景区中部的主体寺庙建筑沿南北走向分三路。中轴线上从南到北依次是牌楼、同时扮演着天王殿角色的山门、大雄宝殿。西路上主要看欧阳修，南边是欧阳修任扬州太守时建的平山堂，后来苏东坡任扬州太守时，为纪念欧阳修在平山堂后建造了谷林堂，北边是欧阳祠。东路南边是方丈室平远楼，北边是鉴真纪念堂，鉴真纪念堂东还有藏经楼。

其中鉴真纪念堂是大明寺最重要的建筑。鉴真曾六次东渡，为日本带去了中国的佛教与文化，在日本奈良主持建造唐招提寺并最终圆寂于此寺，鉴真纪念堂于20世纪6、70年代建造时即模仿唐招提寺的样子。纪念堂前碑亭里立着刻有郭沫若题写的“唐鉴真大和尚纪念碑”汉白玉碑。院子的正当中有一个石灯笼，为日本唐招提寺长老所送，与唐招提寺中的另一个石灯笼是一对。纪念堂内供奉着楠木做的鉴真坐像，仿唐招提寺里鉴真像，是他圆寂时的模样。纪念堂对面原来的晴空阁现为鉴真史料馆，可以从图文介绍中了解到鉴真的事迹。

景区东部的栖灵塔，原是隋朝皇帝杨坚为庆贺生日而建，现在看到的塔是按照隋朝的塔复原重建的。塔高9层，里面供奉着舍利子和一尊楠木佛塔。爬到塔顶则可俯看整个大明寺，远眺瘦西湖与扬州城景色。栖灵塔的东、西两侧分别为钟楼和鼓楼，塔北的卧佛殿能看到来自缅甸的玉佛。

景区西部的后花园西园，因与乾隆下江南有关，又叫御园，园中和所有江南园林一样，假山、亭台楼阁林立，正中一片湖水是放生池。湖东有乾隆御碑亭，立着三块乾隆御碑。湖中有天下第五泉，这个“第五”是唐代《煎茶水记》的作者张又新评的。乾隆御碑往南走一点，即能看到“第五泉”石碑和一口古井。

he Ming Tombs are 40 kilometers north of Beijing City on the southernslopes of Tianshou Mountain. They are the burial grounds of 13 Ming Dynastyemperors. In July 20___ the site was designated a world cultural heritage siteby UNESCO.

Empress Xu died in the 5th year of Yongle (1407). Zhu Di sent

Zhao Hong, secretary of the Ministry of Rites and a geomancer----LiaoJunqing along with many others to Beijing in search of an auspicious place forthe tombs. It is said that this group of people first selected the area of TuJia Ying, which means slaughter-house, and as such, it couldnt be used as theburial ground. Next they selected the foot of Yangshan Mountain, Changping.However, since the surname of the emperor (Zhu) is a homophone for pig andbecause a village named wolf mouth ravine was located there, they decidedagainst using that area. Later, they found Yan-jiatai west of Beijing. Again,since Yanjia was the homonym of the death of the emperor, it was also deemedunsuitable. It was not until the 7th year of Yongle (1409), that they finallychose the present Heavenly Longevity Mountain as their cemetery grounds.

The whole area covers 40 square kilometers. It has mountains to its east,west and north, and Dragon Mountain and Tiger Mountain are on either side of itssouthern entrance. The 13 tombs go from north to south. They are arranged in themanner of the Imperial Palace, with the administration area in the front andliving quarters in the rear. In front of the tombs are divine passes, stonearchways and steel towers. The Precious City and Ming Tower stand over theUnderground Palace.

There were 16 emperors during the Ming Dynasty. Buried in the Ming tombs,are 13 Ming emperors and 23 empresses, as well as many concubines, princes,princesses and maids. The other 3 emperors, Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, Zhu Yunwenand Zhu Qiyu are buried in other locations.

The founder of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, established his capital inpresent day Nanjing where he was buried after his death. His tomb is calledXiaoling (Tomb of Filial Piety).

The body of the second emperor of the Ming, Zhu Yunwen, is missing. Somesaid that he died in a fire, while others said that he went to a temple andbecame a monk. There is no final conclusion yet.

The seventh Ming Emperor Zhu Qiyu, was buried as a prince by his elderbrother Zhu Qizhen at Jinshankou, a western suburb of Beijing, because in theTumubao Upheaval, Emperor Zhu Qizhen became a captive and the younger brother ofZhu Qizhen. Zhu Qiyu was chosen as the new emperor, but later Zhu Qizhen wasback and proclaimed his re-enthronement in the Seizing Gate Upheaval.

The Memorial Arch was built in the 19th year of Jiajing (1540) as a symbolof the Ming Tombs. It is 14 meters high and 28. 86 meters wide, and has 5 archessupported by 6 pillars with beautiful bas-relief carvings of lions, dragons andlotus flowers. The Memorial Arch is the biggest and the most exquisite stonearch preserved in the country today. The major designs of dragon and clouddecorations reflect the character of imperial architecture. In addition, it alsodemonstrates the skillful artistry of the Ming craftsmen.

The Big Palace Gate is the front gate of the Ming Tombs, and is morecommonly known as Big Red Gate. Facing south, there are three arch entrances tothe gate, the main inlet to the Ming Tombs. Flanking the gate are two stonetablets, inscribed with orders for the emperor, officials and other people todismount, before entering into the tomb area. If they did not obey, they wouldbe punished for their disrespect. The rules governing the Ming Tombs in the MingDynasty, stipulate that one who sneaks into the tomb area to pick firewood andbreak twigs would be flogged. Those who came to fetch dirt and stone would bebeheaded. Those who entered arbitrarily into the tomb area would be flogged ahundred times.

The Tablet House was built in the 10th year of Xuande (1435), and standsabout 10 meters high with two tiers of eaves. A huge tablet stands in the middleof the Tablet House. The front side bears an inscription by Emperor Renzong forChengzu. The reverse side is a poem by Qing Emperor Qianlong recording in detailthe conditions of the broken Changling, Yongling, Dingling and Xiling. On theeast side is the record of expenditures for repairing the Ming Tombs by the Qinggovernment. On the west side is an epitaph by Qing Emperor Jiaqing. It waswritten in the 9th year of Jiaqing (1804) describing the cause of the fall ofthe Ming Dynasty.

On the north side of the Tablet House, stands a group of stone carvings (36in all). Behind the house, there are two stone pillars. Beyond the pillars arestone animals and other statues. Lions, Xie Zhi, camels, elephants, and Qi Linhorses .All of the animals are in two pairs. Two stand, while the other twokneel. It is followed by the statues of military officers, civil officials andofficials of merit, four in each group. These stone animals and statues weremade in the 10th year of Xuande (1435). They reflect the imperial power when hewas alive and the imperial dignity after he was deceased. The animals andstatues were created using whole blocks of stone weighing a couple of tons andeach was delicately and masterfully carved.

Here stands Ling Xing Gate, also known as the unique Dragon and PhoenixGate, with the meaning of the Gate of Heaven. The gate is pierced with six doorleaves, attached to three archways. The top of the central section of the threearchways is decorated with flames and precious pearl, so it is also known as theFlame Archway. To the north of the Dragon and Phoenix Gate there lays aseven-arch marble bridge, leading to the gate of Changling. To the east of theseven-arch bridge stands an old five-arch bridge, which was the original site ofthe seven-arch bridge.

Actually we are standing on the axle line of the Ming Tombs, otherwiseknown as the Sacred Way or the Tomb path. We passed the Memorial Arch, the BigPalace Gate, the Tablet House, Sacred Way, stone animals and statues, and LingXing Gate. This seven-kilometer long sacred pathway leads from south to north,all the way to the Gate of Changling.

Now, we are moving to Chang Ling. Changling is the first tomb built in theMing Tombs area, covering 10 hectares and containing Emperor Zhu Di and hisempress Xu.

Zhu Di (Chengzu) of the Ming Dynasty was the fourth son of the firstEmperor Zhu Yuanzhang, born in 1360. Zhu Di was conferred the title of theprince of Yan in the 3rd year of Hongwu (1370). He was appointed at Beiping.After the death of Zhu Yuanzhang (the first Ming Emperor), Zhu Di used thepretext of eliminating evil officials at the side of Emperor Jianwen to lead anarmy expedition down south to Nanjing. He seized the throne in the 4th year ofJianwen (1402) and ascended the throne in June inside the Hall of AncestralWorship in Nanjing. Zhu Di was an emperor of outstanding accomplishment in theMing Dynasty. As soon as he became the prince of Yan, he led the generals out tobattle. He had great achievements in calming down the north. After he took overhis nephews power and became the emperor, he still went out to battle throughoutthe country and consolidated the rule of the Ming Dynasty. He made the importantdecision to move the capital to Beijing. During the rule of Zhu Di, magnificentdevelopments were made in the economy, culture and in diplomacy. In terms ofculture, Zhu Di successively sent Grand Academician Xie Jin, Yan Guangxiao andothers to compile the Yongle encyclopedia. The book has become the largest bookever complied in Chinese history. For expanding external exchanges and trade,Zhu Di selected eunuch Zheng He to lead a large fleet filled with precious gold,silver, silk and satins to sail to southeast Asia and Africa seven times in theearly years of Yongle.

Empress Xu was buried together with Emperor Zhu Di in Changling. EmpressXushi was the eldest daughter of Xu Da who was one of the founding fathers ofthe Ming Dynasty. Throughout her lifespan, Xu Shi complied 20 articles ofinternal lectures and a book advising to be good, so as to cultivate peoplesminds. She was the very first one to be buried in Changling and in the Ming Tombarea.

The Hall of Eminent Favor in Changling is the best preserved among thethirteen tombs. It is a valuable relic of ancient Chinas wooden structures. Itis nine rooms wide and five rooms long, a hall size rarely seen in China. Theroof is made of top-class double eaves and there are multiple rooms covered withyellow glazed tiles. The hall is supported by 60 thick Nanmu pillars, the middlefour in the hall are the thickest, the diameter of each one can reach over onemeter. It is known as the best Nanmu (phoebe) hall in the country.

Now we are going to Dinging. Dingling is located at the east foot of DayuMountain. Buried here are the 13th Ming Emperor Wanli (Zhu Yijun) and his twoempresses Xiaoduan and Xiaojing. Zhu Yijun was the longest on the throne of theMing Emperors. (He was emperor for 48 years). He was the greediest and laziestemperor in the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Yijun ascended the throne at the age of 9.After he came to power, he was supported by the chief minister Zhang Juzheng. Atthis time, various aspects of society gained development.

Later ,Zhang Juzheng died of illness. Not long after Wanli managed stateaffairs on his own, he used the chance to select the location for his tomb sitewhen he went to pay homage to the ancestors tombs. He spent eight million taelsof silver (250,000 kilos of silver) and six years to build a high quality tombDingling. After the Dingling was completed, Zhu Yijun personally went to inspectit, and felt very satisfied with the result. He went so far as to hold a grandbanquet in the Underground Palace, which was unheard of in history.

Zhu Yijun was a typical muddle-headed emperor. Reflecting on his reign, hedid not pay attention to state affairs for 28 out of his 48 year rule. The stateorgan was effectively semi-paralyzed during his reign. Later generationscommented that the fall of the Ming dynasty was caused by this emperor.

Zhu Yijun had two empresses. Empress Xiaojing was originally a maid ofWanlis mother Cisheng. Later she gave birth to a son of the emperor. That sonwas the one-month emperor Guangzong (Zhu Changluo). She died of illness 9 yearsearlier than Shenzong died. She was buried as a concubine at Pinggangdi, aroundthe east pit, at the Heavenly Longevity Mount. After Xiaojing was conferred thetitle of “grandmother of the emperor”, her body was moved to the UndergroundPalace of Dingling, and buried together with Emperor Wanli and Empress Xiaoduanon the same day. Xiaoduan was conferred the title of empress, but she could notgive birth to either a son or a daughter to the emperor. Xiaoduan died ofillness. A hundred days later, Emperor Wanli (Zhu Yijun) died too. EmpressXiaoduan, Emperor Wanli, and Empress Xiaojing were buried together in theUnderground Palace.

The tablet in front of Dingling has no words on it. It is called thewordless tablet. There is a pair of coiling dragons along the top and a patternof sea waves carved on the bottom. Its base is composed of a tortoise (Bixi). Itis said that the dragon has nine sons. In twelve of the Ming Tombs, excludingChangling, all the tablets are wordless. Originally there were no tablet housesin front of the Tombs, but later the tablet houses and steeles of the first sixtombs were completed. But the emperor Jiajing at the time indulged in drinking,lust and searching for longevity pills, so he had no time to pay attention onthe inscriptions. Consequently the six tablets are wordless. And in keeping withthis tradition, that’s why the tablets later on are also blank.

Now we are arriving at The Gate of Eminent Favor and the Hall of EminentFavor of Dingling, The Hall of Eminent Favor is also called Hall of Enjoyment.It was the place where the emperor and his entourage held grand sacrificialrites. They were mostly destroyed when the Qing soldiers came. And they weredestroyed again later, so now only the ruins remain.

Moving on, this is the exhibition rooms that were built after theexcavation of the Underground Palace. The exhibition explains in detail thehistory of the tomb master and introduces the tomb excavation process. Theexhibition rooms are divided into two parts, the south and the north. In thesouth room, on display are the sacrificial objects of Emperor Wanli unearthedfrom the Underground Palace. In the north room, on display are the sacrificialitems of the two empresses. All of then are fancy and invaluable.

Now we arrive at The Soul Tower, this is the symbol of the tomb. It is astone structure with colorful painted decorations. The Soul Tower and thePrecious citadel of Dingling have never been damaged seriously. The Soul Toweris the best preserved architecture above the ground of Dingling. On top of theyellow, glazed tiled roof of the Soul Tower sits a big stone tablet. Two Chinesecharacters----Dingling, are carved on the tablet. Inside the Soul Tower, on topof another stone tablet, there are two big characters----the Great Ming writtenin seal characters. On the body of the tablet, seven Chinese characters-----Tombof Emperor Shenzong Xian are carved. The Soul Tower is connected with thePrecious Citadel. The Precious Citadel is a large round wall built with bricks.The Precious Citadel wall is 7.5 m high, and lower part is thick while the upperpart is thin. The round walls perimeter is over 800 meters, and inside the wallis a large artificial mound, the emperors tomb mound, known as Precious Top.

Dingling is the only Ming Tomb to be excavated. Formal excavation workstarted in May 1956 and ended in 1958. First, the working personnel discoveredan exposed gateway at the side wall to the southwest of the Precious Citadel ofDingling. So they dug the first tunnel facing the position of the gateway. Atthe bottom of the tunnel, they discovered a tunnel made of bricks. Three monthslater, along the direction of the tunnel, to the west of the Soul Tower, theydug the second tunnel. During the digging, they encountered with a stone tabletwhich inscribed the words from here 48. 8m forward and 10. 7m downward lies theprecious wall. Therefore it gave the correct direction of opening up theUnderground Palace.

According to the direction of the stone tablet, after digging the thirdtunnel, they found a stone tunnel. At last they got to the precious wall. Thusthey opened the precious wall with a square stone room. To the west end of theroom, lay two marble doors. The working personnel used a wire and wood plank toremove the self-acting stone bar, which was against the back of the door. Withthis method, they opened the entrance of the Underground Palace.

The palace has no beam which was built according to the principles ofgeomancy Altogether there are five chambers. The chambers are separated by sevenmarble doors. The Underground Palace is 27 meters deep, covering an area of1,195 square meters. There is a same structure stone door in between the front,middle and rear chambers. The door is made of marble. The biggest marble door is3. 3 meters high, 1.7 meters wide, 4 tons in weight. It looks heavy, but it isreasonably designed. The pivot of the stone door is inclined to the door axle,so the door is easy to open and close. On top of the door is a lintel (made ofbronze) tube weighing about 10 tons to prevent the door from falling. Carved onthe front of the marble door are 9 rows of 81 knobs and strange animals withrings in their mouths. Located on the reverse side, opposite the animals, is aprotruding section that holds the doors self-acting stone bar.

The front and middle chambers are 7. 2 meters high and 6 meters wide. Thefloor is covered with gold bricks. According to records, the gold bricks aresmooth and durable. The more you polish them, the brighter they become. Thereare no decorations in the front and two annex chambers. In the middle chamber,there are three marble thrones for Emperor Wanli and his two Empresses, known asthe precious thrones. In the front of the thrones, there are five yellow glazedofferings and one blue-and-white porcelain jar of Jiajing Years style with acloud-and-dragon design. It is about 0.7 meters in diameter. Originally therewas sesame oil in the jar. On the surface of the oil was a copper tube with awick inside. It is called the everlasting lamp. Due to the lack of oxygen, thelight went out so the oil had not been used all.

The rear chamber is the biggest of the three. It is 9.5 meters high, 31meters long, 9.l meters wide, the floor is paved with polished stones. In therear chamber, there is a coffin platform edged with white marble. Placed on theplatform are the coffins of Emperor Wanli and his two Empresses as well as 26vermilion boxes filled with funeral objects.

In the middle of the coffin platform, there is a rectangular hole filledwith soil called Gold Well. Putting jade stone around the coffin or inside thecoffin or in the mouth of the deceased is called being buried with jade. Ancientpeople believed Gold Well was the pit of geomancy. It could prevent the bodyfrom decay for a long time. Being buried with jade on a Gold Well was thehighest standard of entombment one could receive in the feudal era.

Originally the empresss coffin should have been placed in the rear chamber.Then why were the coffins of the two empresses also in the same chamber as theemperors? In 1620, first empress Xiaoduan died in April, then in July EmperorWanli also died. After that, the son of Zhu Changluo died 29 days after hissuccession. In only a few months, two emperors and one empress had died insuccession. In addition they had removed Empress Xiaojings coffin to Dingling.All the burdens of the funeral burials fell on the just enthroned Emperor ZhuYoujian. The preparation work was done in a hurried fashion (this was clearlyrecorded in historical documents). The rainy season had already arrived beforethe funeral could occur and the passage leading to the empress annex chamber maynot have been convenient to open. So the coffins of the emperor, empresses allentered the Underground Palace through the front entrance. After the coffinsentered the Underground Palace, since the passage to the annex chambers werenarrow, the coffins of the empresses would not fit through it. So they had toput all the three coffins together into the rear chamber.

Now please follow me out of the underground palace. And our tour for todayis completed. I hope you have found our time together informative and enjoyable.We now have half an hour for a rest, and then we will get together here at4:00pm. Thank you.

各位朋友：

大家好!

今天来，我怀着愉快的心情，以当地主人的身份，欢迎远道而来的客人到我们迪庆旅游、参观、考察，祝愿各位能在这里度过一段美好的时光!

各位启程来迪庆之前，一定已经听说我们中甸、迪庆的一些传闻。要不然，各位怎么地不顾路途遥远，翻山越令，跨江过河，跋涉千里，来迪庆观光探奇呢?

俗话说：“百闻不如一见”，现在，各位已身临其境，就要亲眼看看我们迪庆了。

首先，我要谢谢各位的光临，并用藏语向各位贵宾表示欢迎：“香格里拉!”

听了我的藏语欢迎词，您可能会感到莫名其妙，怎么地用这句洋泾浜来欢迎我们呢?且慢，这正是我要告诉各位的，“香格里拉”是我们藏族的语言，意思是“老朋友，您来了”!即高兴地与您打招呼欢迎您，各位懂了这个意思，高兴吧?

让我再说一遍“香格里拉”!“老朋友，您来了!欢迎您”!

然而“香格里拉”在英语里却是另外的意思，“Shangri-la”即世外桃源。真是无巧不成书啊，我们的迪庆就是一个真正的Shangri-la，世外桃源，人间仙境!要弄清这点，还得从英语一词Shangri-la的来源开始。1933年，英国著名小说家詹姆斯·希尔顿(JamesHilton)写了一本小说《失去的地平线》(LOST HORIZON)。开始了这样一个故事：

一位名叫威的英国外交官与他的三个朋友乘坐了一架被劫持的飞机往世界屋脊。在飞行过程中，汽油烧尽，最后被迫降落在一个冰天雪地的银装世界之中。他们知道确切的位置，弹尽粮绝，走投无路。在绝望时刻，他们遇上进山挖黄连、贝母的藏族人。这些好心的藏族人见他们身处绝境，便接济他们，领他们来到家中，使他们有了安身之处，他们脱离险境，来到了藏民的居住地，第二天醒来，睁眼四看，惊奇的发现，这是个多么美丽神奇的世外桃源啊!--雪山环抱、土地肥沃、阳光明媚、民风淳朴，人与自然和谐共生。

在藏民的帮助下，他们踏上归程。当他们再想回来看看时，却再也无法找到确切地点了，只记得他们经常听到藏民说的一句话：“香格里拉”。《失去的地平线》--书中就把这个地方叫做“香格里拉”。并对这个地方的环境作了精彩的描写：中国西南部藏区是一个永恒、和平、宁静之地。那里有四面雪山环绕的草原，阳光灿烂，空气新鲜，有高深莫测的活佛，神圣静谧的湖水，辉煌神秘的寺庙，淳朴善良的康巴藏族。一切都如人们梦想中的伊甸园，生命在此可以得到永生……

此书出世，轰动世界，吸引了千千万万的读者，英语词典里于是有了香格里拉(Shangri-la)一词。

多少年来，香格里拉一直是许多欠，尤其是西方世界的人们所神往的“世外桃源”，无数探险家在中国藏区、印度、尼泊尔等地苦苦寻觅这神秘之地，经历了半个多世纪，这上谜终于解开了，经过多方调查，充分证实，《失去的地平线》--书中所创的“香格里拉""一词系迪庆藏语“老朋友，您来了”的意思。也引申“通往圣洁之地”，“心中的菩萨”之意。

现在我就把真正的香格里拉--迪庆介绍给各位。

迪庆藏族自治州位于云南省西北部，西北边与西藏自治区为邻，全州面积23870平方公里，包括中甸、维西、德钦三个县，居住有藏、傈僳、汉、白、彝、回、普米、功、怒等民族。

迪庆藏族自治州处于国家级三江并流风景名胜区的腹心地带，三江占两江，雪山占七成，形成三江并流风景区的主体。

迪庆州府中甸县距昆明640多公里。迪庆州是云南省的制高点，境内有许多高耸入云的大山，著名的有云南第一峰卡格博峰，海拔6740米，为藏传佛教的朝觐圣地，位居藏区八大神山之首。其余高峰有环立于卡格博峰周围的太子十三峰，太子雪山海拔5396米，白茫雪山海拔5137米，其余海拔在4500米以上的高峰还有10多座。

在雪山环绕之间，颁着许多大大小小的草甸和坝了，这是迪庆各族人民生息繁衍的地方。这里土地肥沃，水草丰美，牛羊骏马成群，特别是中甸县的小大中甸，真有“天苍苍，野茫茫，风吹草低见牛羊”的风光。五月的中甸草原，碧绿的草地和山坡上的杜鹃花、格桑花和数不尽的各种小花争相怒放，姹紫嫣红，争奇斗妍，宛如一块块色彩斑斓的大地毯，骏马奔驰，牛羊滚滚，雄鹰翱翔，牧人在白云在蓝天下唱起牧歌，挥动长鞭，这就是人间仙境的生活，一幅活生生的美丽图画。

在雪山环抱之间，在草甸中间或边缘，镶嵌着一面大镜子--星罗棋布的天然湖泊。迪庆著名的风景湖泊有碧塔海、纳帕海、属都海等。这些神圣静谧的湖泊，照映雪山森林、蓝天白云，引来牧人畜群，挽留各种飞禽走兽，成为人与自然共存共荣的乐园。

在群山环抱间，在草甸或山坡上，这里的各族人民建立起一个个村寨：藏族的厚墙、大盖顶、宽走廊的土掌房，彝族、傈僳、怒族、纳西族的木楞房，以及汉族的四合院，白族三房一照壁、四合五天井等都显得特色鲜明，引人注目。

我们迪庆，正如《失去的地平线》所述，江河为池，峡谷狭窄而深长。迪庆州，三江并流据其二，金沙江、澜沧江从青藏高原滚滚而来;在横断山区横冲直撞，裂岸穿石，造成了众多峡谷;许多地方，两岸同仁谷紧贴，急流险滩相连，无石不怪，无水不怒，险象球生，真是“有峡无路鸟难飞，猴子爬岩掉眼泪”。

在迪庆德钦县的澜沧江沿岸，您可以看到欧亚板块和印度板块碰撞的地质景观，您可以看到“十里不同天，万物在一山”，由立体气候产生的立体植物、珍稀动物、名贵花卉、名贵药材等。

香格里拉意人人间仙境，世个桃源，人人向往，于是世界上旅游界的有识之士便把世界上建得最好的酒店--五星级酒店称为香格里拉大酒店 。

周二，是我们盼望已久的秋游。这天，秋高气爽、凉风习习，同学们兴致勃勃地来到风景如画的岭南印象园游玩。

岭南印象园具有古老的岭南文化特色，古色古香的建筑依水而建，悠长的小巷旁溪水流淌，处处散发着岭南水乡的韵味。

原汁原味的岭南小吃真是让我们大饱口福!有鲜嫩爽滑的豆腐花，有口味正宗的牛腩粉，还有同学们最喜爱的棉花糖……

传统的工艺品各式各样，有糖画，有玻璃烧，还有草编、捏面人……看得我们眼花缭乱。做糖画的叔叔手可真巧!不一会，一只栩栩如生的龙又在他手中诞生了，我高兴地把它买了下来!

撒欢区是我们孩子的乐园。海盗船晃来晃去，晃得我头都晕了!荡秋千还不错!荡来荡去的，可真好玩!踩木头可是我最拿手的，要不是前面有人，我可以不到一分钟就走过去!走轮胎有点危险，一不小心就受伤了。

岭南印象园真是个好地方，让我们流连忘返!

北京故宫导游词

亲爱的游客们，我是你们的导游，我姓张，能够叫我小张，也能够叫我张导。请不要在墙上、古代物品上刻画，也不要乱扔垃圾哦!

故宫位于北京市中心，旧称紫禁城。它是明代和清代的皇宫，也是世界现存最大、最完整的古代建筑群，被誉为五大宫之首。

故宫开始建造于明永乐四年至十八年，也就是公元1406年至1420年。

你们看!故宫的四个漂亮的大门，我来告诉你它们的名字吧!正门名为午门，俗称五凤楼。午门一般只有皇帝才能够出入呢!状元、榜眼和探花的人只能够从此门出入一次。后门“神武门”，明朝为“玄武门”，因为玄武是古代四神兽之一。清代康熙年间因避讳改为“神武门”。“东华门”与“西华门”是个“对门”门外设有下马碑石，门内金水河南北流向，上架石桥一座，桥北还有三座门。

快点儿，快点儿，快点儿去太和门吧!太和门里有三座大殿，分别是太和殿、中和殿、保和殿，你们自己去看看吧!二十分钟之后记得回来找我哦!

看!那儿是内廷，内廷就是皇帝、皇后和妃子们生活的地方。快去看看吧!因为内廷比较长，所以拿着你们手中的地图，三十分钟后我们在御花园里碰面哦!

御花园里鸟语花香，草木茂盛。各位家长注意孩子的安全，不要让他们爬假山。还有不要折鲜花和小草哦!

哦，我们到出口了。好了，我们这次的故宫游玩到此结束了。如果下次还想来北京故宫要记得找我哦!在回家的路上要注意安全哦!

大家去过北京恭亲王府吗?如果没去过，那就让我来当一回导游吧!

恭亲王府原是“千古第一贪”的和王申的家，后被嘉庆帝立下二十四条罪状，抄了他的家充公。因最后一任主人是恭亲王爱新觉罗·奕讠斤，所以称为恭亲王府。

北京城两龙脉，一是京城中轴线，二是护城河。故宫就坐落在中轴线的头上。而恭亲王府就坐落在两龙脉相交之处。和王申曾大言不惭说：“皇上坐龙头，我坐龙尾。龙头虽掌大局，却还要龙尾行大事。”听听，和王申野心之勃勃，真不愧“千古第一贪”!

恭亲王府内，有九千九百九十九只“蝙蝠”。这“蝙蝠”并不是真实的蝙蝠，而形似蝙蝠的建筑。和王申想让自己很幸福，便取“福”的谐音字“蝠”，建了九千九百九十九只“蝙蝠”。

进门后，首先映入眼帘的，便是一只硕大的“蝙蝠”。这是一只形似蝙蝠的池塘，名曰“福池”。池岸边随意错落着假山碎石。福池周围栽满了榆树，榆树的果、叶形似铜钱，每当铜钱般的果、叶掉入福池时，和王申就会笑哈哈：“天上掉下的钱，进入我的‘聚宝盆’，地上的钱也是流入我和王申的囊袋中。”这话可真不假!

我们顺着福池潺潺流水走，便来一扇门前。这是一扇精美绝伦的西洋门，色彩鲜艳，做工精细。据说这也是他二十四条罪状之一。因为这一扇西洋门是仿造皇家园林——万寿园里的西洋门造的。

进了西洋门，绕过“送子观音”石雕，便是和王申家的戏园了。戏园前是一片花园，修剪整齐的灌木丛中开着些许花儿。《环珠格格》中“香妃戏蝶”这出戏就是在这里拍摄的。全北京城只有两处是满地青砖，一是故宫的太和殿，二便是和王申家的戏台了。因为青砖的扩音效果十分好，所以在戏台上唱戏不需要任何扩音工具，偌大的戏场人人都能听到音乐，能站在遍地青砖的戏台上为和王申等权贵大臣唱戏也是一种殊荣了。

穿过雕刻精细的朱栏长廊，便来到了和王申的书斋。书斋四面假山竹林环合，清幽宁静。整个恭亲王府，就它不是用石砖砌的。这座书斋是用一种特殊的竹料建成的，冬暖夏凉，和王申最爱待在这里了。

出书斋，前面那座十分大气的建筑就是正殿——和王申会客的地方。要上正殿，有一条很特别的路，只有一节阶梯，然后就是一条笔直平缓的坡路，因为和王申说过他这一世，只有年少时吃过苦，然后就一路平步青云，登上了“一人之下，万人之上”的权势颠峰。我们可以跨过最底下的一节阶梯，免吃一点苦，直接“平步青云”。

有这样一个故事：当年孝庄太后年老病重之时，极其爱戴她的皇孙——康熙帝，心情极其郁闷。他让侍女苏麻喇姑准备好纸笔，大笔一挥，写了一个“福”字。写完之后，玄烨和苏麻喇姑看着那个“福”字惊呆了——那个字苍劲有力，十分潇洒。细一看，竟看见了多个词组：多田，多子，多才，多寿……这不就是皇祖母的心愿吗?康熙帝越看越满意，便命人把这个“福”字拓在一块巨石上。结果，久病多时的太皇太后很快康复了!康熙帝大喜，决定将这块饱含吉祥福瑞气息的巨石代代相传，让爱新觉罗家族世代昌盛。

只可惜传到乾隆手中，就被别人偷出了皇宫。这个人就是和王申。现在这块福石就在我们正殿脚下，只露出写有“福”字的一面。这个“福”便是恭亲王府的第一万个福，寓意“万福”。和王申还神气地说：“皇上是‘万岁’，我是‘万福’!”后来，嘉庆帝抄他家时，本想把福石搬回皇宫，可还是没有搬成。和王申太狡猾了，他用石块砌了一座形似蝙蝠的福山，在“福”字左右各砌了一条龙，寓意“龙坐江山”，嘉庆帝不想自毁“江山”，便把福石留了下来。

我们刚才是“平步青云”而上，现在让我们踏着龙脉下来吧。

再沿着福山前的池塘流水走，便可来和王申家的钓鱼池，踩着朱色石船便可来到池中心的钓鱼台，钓鱼台南面堆砌着一些奇形怪状的假山，池里长满了绿色植物。北面岩上栽满了柳树，它们阿娜多姿的身体随风摇摆，与池中冒个不停的水突眼相映成趣，就像自己来到了济南趵突泉。可我回头一看，才发现自己还没离开恭亲王府呢：钓鱼台的栏杆，牌栏上无不镂刻着只有北京恭亲王府才有的蝙蝠花纹。

钓鱼池北岸上，还有一座形状奇特的阁楼，阁楼前种满了花草树木，据说是恭亲王奕讠斤派人按慈禧太后头上的旗头形状做的。奕讠斤很是讨厌慈禧太后，说：“你把我玩弄于股掌之间，我就要在你头上作威作福!”于是，奕讠斤就建了这么一个阁楼。

游完恭亲王府，我再次回首，看着这座饱经历史风霜却风采不减当年的府邸，心中百感交集：在这里住过的人，在自己事业走到颠峰时，却不知自己也走上了权途与钱途的末路。

终于来到了传说中的天池了。相信各位定不需此行。

昌吉位于乌鲁木齐西北35公里处，一个具有悠久历史的北疆重镇，它著名的名胜古迹和游览胜地有天池、五彩湾、岩画。

这是一座在两百余万年以前第四纪大冰川活动中形成的高山冰碛湖，海拨1980米，湖面呈半月型，是世界著名的高山湖泊，1982年披列为第一批国家重点风景名胜区。天池古称“瑶池”，是传说中西王母宴请周穆王之地，唐代诗人李商隐曾作诗曰：“瑶池阿母绮窗开，黄竹歌声动地哀，八骏日行三万里，穆王何事不重来”。传说天地是西王母梳妆台上的银镜，又说是西王母的沐浴池，天地绦绕的云雾，是西王母的霓裳羽毛，小天池是西王母的洗脚盆……，这些美妙的神话传说，给优美的天池自然景色象上了一层神秘的色彩，夏季，这里山清水秀，清爽宜人，是绝佳的避暑盛地。游人可登高山、穿密林，俯览天地全景，也可在碧波浩渺的湖水中泛舟横渡，饱览湖光山色。冬天的天池，白雪皑皑，银装素裹，湖上坚冰如玉，是全国少有的高山滑冰场。世人将天地的自然风光概括为“石门一线”、“龙潭碧月”、“顶天三石”、“定海神针”、“南山望雪”、“西山现松”、“海峰展“悬泉飞瀑”八大景观。每年，天地都吸引着大批中外游客。

龙潭是指位于天池下方约2千米，海拔1660米，盘山公路西侧的“西小天池”。传说是西王母当年用的洗脚盆，实则它是天池湖水透过地下湖坝粗大的冰渍物渗漏下来的泉水，在山嘴交汇的低洼处形成的一个积水深潭。池周塔松竞秀，满山苍翠，每当夜幕降临，皓月当空，山峰树影和碧月一器倒映潭中，静影沉壁，月影微颤，有诗赞曰“一弘碧流成龙潭，青松白雪镶翠盘，金秋桂月沉壁底，疑是嫦娥出广寒。”

传说天池之中有一个水怪，经常乱施淫威，兴风作浪。搅的天池之水瀑涨，淹没左右居民，百姓无家可归四处流浪。有一年，王母娘娘在天宫举行盛大的蟠桃会。会上宴请了各路神仙，唯独忘记邀请这位天池水怪。水怪不悦，发威泄私愤。顷刻之间浊浪滔天，洪水四溢。天兵禀报王母娘娘，王母娘娘大怒，旋即取下头上的一根碧玉簪投入水中，顿时风平浪静，水退石出。那根碧玉簪就变成了一棵榆树。从此生长在天池水边，成为镇水之宝。这棵由王母娘娘头上的碧玉簪变成的榆树就被后人称为“定海神针”。

各位现在看到院子里有一块长方形花岗岩，上面刻有联合国教科文组织所颁布地“世界遗产”标识。他是留园于1997年12月被批准作为苏州古典园林这一世界文化遗产地典型例证后，于1998年立地。

【长廊中部蟹眼天井处】

这两方小小地露天空间，苏州人称之为天井。由于他们面积太小，所以人们称之为“蟹眼天井”。这两方蟹眼天井在这里主要是为了采光而设计地。为了避免造景上地单调，在其下方各置一棕竹盆栽，以次丰富了此处地景观内容。

【“长留天地间”南院】

来到这里，请大家看这个长方形地小院。由于庭院面积有限，不能大范围地造景，所以造园者就充分利用南面这堵高高地粉墙，来为游人设计了一幅立体地“国画”。这里布置了湖石，种上了金桂和玉兰。除了寓意“金玉满堂”外，正是一幅以粉墙为纸，花石为绘地立体国画地画境。

【“长留天地间”东侧大空窗旁】

各位请看这扇窗。这是一扇没有任何图案设计地单纯地长方形漏窗，这种特殊地漏窗也叫空窗。此处如果没有这扇空窗地话，那么这里地采光就不足，就会显得昏暗。所以说，这扇空窗设计地主要目地是为了采光。和前面讲过地蟹眼天井同样道理。园林建筑哪怕是一扇门一扇窗在建筑设计时，一定得考虑其造景功能。所以为了避免空窗地单调，就利用了植物盆栽来映衬它，使他在具有采光地同时，形成了一幅生动地立体地画面，此可谓一举两得。

再请大家看这门楣上地砖刻门额“长留天地间”这几个字。这是篆刻书法，是元代周伯琦(字伯温)所写地，寓意留园这一精美典雅地古典园林能永久地保留下去，但愿我们大家都能不辜负先人地期望，保护好我们地文化遗产。

来到这里，我们已经在不知不觉中走过了一条长长地走廊，这条长廊虽有数十米长，然而造园者巧妙地使廊、屋相接，并且在比较封闭地暗处设计了“蟹眼天井”来采光，用富于变化地建筑技巧使廊在空间上产生出了明与暗大与小地对比，另游人在不断变化地空间中，欣赏着各种布置独到地园林小品，在不知不觉中走完了这段长廊。另外，从园林审美方面来看，这段长廊相对于秀美地中部远景来说，大有一种“欲扬先抑”地审美效果。因此，这段长廊不仅被园林专家评定定为“留园三大名廊”之首，而且在整个苏州古典园林地廊形建筑中也有一处佳例。

【六扇花窗处】

穿过了“长留天地间”门洞，我们看到前面地粉墙上有六扇窗图案，因此漏窗也俗称“花窗”。在便于通风和采光地同时，可使窗外地景色，若隐若现地透过来，因此，花窗在园林建设中长作为透景，或者叫漏景之用。此处六扇花窗将中部景色半遮半掩地透了出来，使人隐约可见，从而激发起游人地游兴，催人急于进园去领略窗外那片胜景。同时，从花窗中透出地园景，随着游人脚步地移动而不断地发生变化，这就是古典园林欣赏中地所谓“移步换景”之妙。

各位游客：

你们好，欢迎你们来到皇城相府，我是你们的导游。

山西省阳城县的皇城村(午亭山村)，是太行山麓的一座城堡式村落。皇城，枕山临水，依山而筑，城墙雄伟，雉堞林立，官宅民居，鳞次栉比，朴实典型，错落有致，是一组别具特色的古代建筑群。明清两代，皇城科甲鼎盛，人才辈出，述作繁盛，冠盖如林。祖居这里的陈氏家族更是明、清时期享有盛誉的文化巨族，从明孝宗到清乾隆(公元1520xx年--1760年)间的260年中，共出现了41位贡生，19位举人，并有9人中进士，6人入翰林，享有"德积一门九进士，恩荣三世六词林"之美誉。在此期间，38人走上仕途，奔赴大半个中国为官，足迹遍及14个省、市，且多政绩显赫，百姓称颂，致仕去官时民为立祠。在陈氏家族鼎盛期的康熙年间，居官者达16人之多，出现了"父翰林、子翰林、父子翰林;兄翰林、弟翰林、兄弟翰林"，父子同编一典《康熙字典》的盛况，堪称北方第一文化巨族。 在皇城，无论是踽踽而行，还是驻足瞻观，那浓郁的历史气息无时无处不浸入心脾。清代初叶，就在这一方厚土上，产生了著名的政治家、文化家、理学家、诗人陈廷敬。在陈廷敬的故居，留下了总面积近4万平方米的建筑群，当地人称之为"皇城相府"。

皇城相府是一处官僚巨宅，巨宅中走出来的最为出类拔萃的人物当数清代康熙年间官居文渊阁大学士兼吏部尚书的陈廷敬。陈廷敬既是康熙皇帝的老师，又是当朝宰相，是康熙的近臣、重臣。陈廷敬20岁走出这古城堡，中进土、入翰林，一生升迁28次，参与国家政要军机40余年，成为康熙皇帝的股肱之臣，为清王朝的发展，康熙盛世的形成，尤其是为康熙皇帝文治武功的施展起到了重要的辅佐作用，立下了显赫的功勋。陈廷敬是一位出色的政治家，同时还是著名的文学家、史学家、理学家。他长期担任康熙皇帝的经筵讲官，同时主持编篡了《康熙字典》、《佩文韵府》、《明史》、《大清一统志》等重要的 文化典籍，这位杰出的思想家、文学家的研究成果，极大地丰富了清史研究的学术成就，拓宽了清史研究的学术领域，为中华文化的发展做出了突出的贡献。

陈氏家族是当地旺族，家境殷实，教育得当，因而人才辈出。皇城村陈氏家族中，从明代中叶至清代嘉庆年间，九人中进土，六人入翰林，有作品传世的诗人达33人之多，成为清代北方声名显赫的文化大家族。

《康熙字典》是康熙皇帝在中国文化上的一大贡献，而实际主持《康熙字典》编纂的，却是陈廷敬与张玉书，由于张玉书在康熙下令编纂《康熙字典》的第二年去世，《康熙字典》的主编之责实际留在了陈廷敬一人身上。

公元1720xx年6月，也即康熙四十九年，陈廷敬受命与文华殿大学士张玉书共同负责主持编纂《康熙字典》。当时的陈廷敬已经72岁高龄，既是内阁宰相，又是当朝老臣，他在接受《康熙字典》的编修工作后，力辞官职获准，康熙命他以原官致仕，留京，专事《康熙字典》编纂。就在这时，文华殿大学士张玉书突患重病，卧床不起，《康熙字典》的编修，全部落在陈廷敬一人身上。

《康熙字典》，是中国第一部用“字典”命名的字书，也是中国历史上第一部官修字典，全书42卷，字数达47035个，比明代《字汇》多13000多字，是中国当时的字书之最。 《康熙字典》是一部宏篇巨著，它对中国古代汉文字的研究与发展产生了巨大的推动作用，在民间流传甚广，影响很大。这部字典取材丰富，文化内涵颇为深、广，具有辞典的作用，可称为大而全。它可以查找到清康熙以前所有字书所失收的字，成为一部经典 传世之作。

陈廷敬在编纂《康熙字典》的过程中，精选了30多人的编纂班子，日以继夜，呕心沥血，就在字典初具规模时，陈廷敬于公元1720xx年4月逝于任上。他未能看到《康熙字典》的成书，也未能参与成书时康熙皇帝举办的大型庆典，但他的精神与贡献却留在了《康熙字典》中。在编纂过程中，康熙皇帝曾巡视书局，看到白发老人陈廷敬伏案躬耕的情景，颇为感动，当即泼墨挥毫，奋笔疾书，为陈廷敬写下了“午亭山村”的匾额和“春归乔木浓荫茂，秋到黄花晚节香”的楹联，对陈廷敬的一生给予了高度评价。康熙还动情地说：“朕特书此匾与卿，自此不再与人写字矣”。

经过六年的努力，这部大型字书问世，康熙对这部宇书以“善兼具美”予以评价，同时以自己的年号为这部工具书命

名《康熙字典》。于是，《康熙字典》成为了中国历史上第一部以“字典”命名的字书。

“官文化”的集中展示

皇城相府总面积达6万多平方米，这组规模庞大的古城堡式建筑群是明清建筑文化精品。

皇城相府背倚青山，俯视河川，依山随势建成了层楼叠院。院内，御书楼立于最前端，楼上陈列康熙为陈廷敬题匾“午亭山村”四个大字，同时还有康熙为陈廷敬题词：“春归乔木浓荫茂，秋到黄花晚节香”。相府正门，有高大巍峨的城堡式门楼，上方书有“中道庄”三个大字。中道庄，为皇城相府的旧称，习惯指皇城相府的外城。外城于康熙四十二年修建，主要建筑有外城城墙，家宰第、点翰堂、小姐院、翰林院、书院、花园及功德牌坊等，是一组规模宏大的清代城堡式官居建筑群。这组建筑群落风格别致，空间布局合理，充分体现官居特色，同时又与地 方建筑风韵相吻合，体现着传统的封建礼制文化，又体现着清代官居建筑文化，同时还折射出封建建筑文化，几种建筑文化融为一体，形成了皇城相府的建筑文化理念。

功德牌坊是进入皇城相府后最为醒目的牌坊。入院第一座牌坊是一座大牌坊，四柱三楼，通体石雕而成，基周瑞兽相拥，坊额雕龙刻凤，气势恢宏、壮观，正面上方刻有“冢宰总宪”四个大字，对陈氏家族官文化加以概括。“冢宰”是宰相的别称，“总宪”为都察院左都御史的别称。陈廷敬先后在朝担任四部的尚书，后入阁拜相，成为一代名臣。牌坊两侧刻有“一门衔泽”、“五世承恩”八个大字，告诉人们陈氏一门五代都受到了皇恩，再下边为陈廷敬兄弟、子侄们的官职名称。

再往里进，为小牌坊，仍是通体石雕，两柱一楼，上载从明代嘉靖到清代顺治年间陈廷敬父辈所授官职，这同样成为陈氏一门荣耀的标志。

这两座牌坊，明显地成为封建社会“官文化”的重要标志物。一进门就向人们展示出陈氏家族的仕途荣耀，辉煌历史

。尤其是陈廷敬，一生升迁28次，步步登高，仕途的坎坷在他身上几乎看不到，如此顺利，如此青云直上，成为人们难解的一个谜。而展示“官文化”的也并非牌坊一处，还有陈氏宗祠祠堂内的家族世系图谱，更准确无误地告诉游人陈氏旺族的不同凡响，也是一处“官文化”的陈列。

相府大院，是陈廷敬的宅第，名为“大学士第”，为皇城外城的主体建筑，这是一处座北向南的一进四院。相府大门后有“冢宰第”雕刻，有“大学士第”匾额，还有八字影壁。正北大堂是相府大院的主要建筑，门上悬有康熙皇帝御笔手

书“点翰堂”匾额。整个房舍是具有地方特色的双层出檐楼房。大院内，斗拱、门窗、楼栏、影壁、柱础等装饰构件工艺精湛，雕工极佳，整个院落气势不凡，富丽堂皇，风格幽雅别致，成为一处“宫文化”的封建礼制与地方传统工艺完善结合的典范。

内城，是陈氏家族明代修筑的城堡式建筑，其中，河山楼颇为显赫，成为皇城相府的标志性建筑物。河山楼，是陈氏家族为了抵御外敌侵扰而建的防御性建筑物，始建于明代崇祯五年，即公元1632年，已有近420xx年的历史。由于明末天下大乱，烽烟四起，陈家为防御乱兵侵扰，建起了河山楼与藏兵洞。河山楼高百尺，人称百尺河山楼，是皇城相府内最高的建筑物，也是明清时期国内罕见的一种建筑形式。楼分为七层，楼内有楼道相通，可容千余人避难。三层以上有窗户，楼顶建有垛口、堞楼;底层深入地下，挖有水井，备有碾、磨等生活设施，并有暗道通往城外。河山楼建成后，果然遇到乱兵围攻，村中八百多人及陈氏家族避难于楼内，在一个月内抵御了乱兵的侵犯，使千余人的生命受到保护。河山楼全部用石砌成，历时400多年，依然屹立于相府内，雄姿伟岸，可谓是一大奇迹。

相府内的内墙城墙，建于明代末年战乱年代，墙体周长705米，墙厚2—3米不等。城内遍布藏兵洞，城头建有垛口，东南、东北二角设有文昌、关帝二阁，整体构造坚固、雄伟。据测算，内城城墙用3000多万块砖，土石料20多万立方，用工15万多个，工程规模相当大，七个月时间建成，成为一处雄伟巨制建筑，今日在城墙上游览，内城外城建筑历历在目。皇城相府城墙的建筑规模、档次，在民宅建筑中是罕见的，其观赏价值不言而喻。

相府内城，也称为“斗筑居”，城内外府院相连，125间“藏兵洞”层层叠起，“荣山公府” 、“御史府”、“陈氏宗祠”、“世德院”、“树德居”比肩而立，形成了内城的庞大规模。也成为今人游览的主要目标。

这里要特别提到的是“南书院”，原名“止园书堂”，位于相府城南，居于相府“止园花园”内，“止园花园”为古建筑群中面积最大，园林设施最多的公用花园，南书院是其中的一个组成部分。

南书院建于明末崇祯十五年，即公元，1642年。这个书院的建成，为陈氏家族子弟提供了一处学习深造的园地，这里成为了培养陈氏家族人才的摇篮。陈氏子弟在这里受到了严格的文化教育，陈廷敬兄弟及其族中成员，大都是在这里接受教育进而走向仕途进入清廷官宦行列的。这里，当然就成了陈氏家族教育基地，也成为了培养官僚的学习基地，更是山西著名的陈氏家族这一文学巨族发祥地。

相府院内，内城外城，建筑颇多，“西花园”、“西山院”、“紫云阡”诸多建筑物，既有北方建筑的豪气，又有江南建筑的园林氛围、文化气息，成为一处令今人叹为观止的建筑群。在这一建筑群内，砖雕、木雕、石雕随处可见。这些雕刻艺术品，工艺精湛，雕镂细致，一件件跃然壁上，成为相府大院一道亮丽的风景线。名门旺族的大气，建筑成就的辉煌，文化氛围的浓郁，成为皇城相府大院特有的文化内涵。

外城完工于康熙四十二年(1720xx年)，建有前堂后寝、左右内府、书院、花园、闺楼、管家院、望河亭等，布局讲究，雕刻精美。外城又称"中道庄"，由于筑于清康熙太平盛世，其修建在很大程度上表现的是"一品光禄大夫"的门第容耀，但总体建筑结构远远未达到居大学士之位应享有的荣耀。"中道庄"内石板铺路，沿路建有石牌坊两座。其主要院落包括冢宰第、点翰堂、东书院、内府、内宅、小姐院和花园。冢宰第西南有管家院，城墙以南又建有南书院、花园、九曲桥、状元桥、快哉亭、魁星阁、飞鱼阁、转毂楼、八卦亭、祖师庙等。山顶还有文峰塔。

冢宰第始建于康熙三十六年(1697年)，大门开于正南，入大门影东折为一狭长庭院，东侧建如意门通东书院，南面为一侧座，北为二门，门两侧施八字形影壁，雕刻精细，栩栩如生，且有西方乐可可式建筑风格。明间内柱间设木质屏风，此为主人及贵宾的通道，平时封闭。入二门为一宽敞的文武庭院，正北厅堂悬有康熙御笔牌匾"点翰堂"。相传康熙南下巡视时，曾两次驾临皇城，并御笔点定陈廷敬之子陈壮履为"新科翰林"，之后，前堂遂改为"点翰堂"，康熙走过的正门也称为"御道"，百官司吏及庶民一律改走东西次间偏门，其风韵至今犹存。入大门西折往北沿一狭长通道可通花园，其假山、鱼池等遗迹如今仍历历在目。花园往北就是专为陈氏女眷居住而建的小姐院。小姐院前后均辟门以通花园，并有踏道通城上之望河亭。

"中道庄"西门外有御书楼一座，是陈廷敬三子陈壮履为炫耀其家皇恩浩荡而特建，楼内现有康熙御匾"午亭山村"及楹联"春归乔木浓荫茂，秋到黄花晚节香"。御书楼的建造，表现了陈氏的人生面、价值观和道德取向已经完全适应了封建礼教文化的客观要求，而其修房建宅的格局及形态更是对传统礼制文化的一种肯定和诠释。

外城所有清代建筑，装饰一改明代质粗务实的风格，大量运用了制作精细的构件。其柱础及门枕石，花饰多样，富有变化，制作精美。冢宰第和南书院影壁的幼狮滚绣球、麟等雕塑图案生动有趣，动感极强。门窗以六抹隔窗为主，棂花有多种图案。室内装饰承袭了明代落地罩的做法，但茶较明代丰富。勾栏多不设栏板，饰楼空几何纹图案。从明代的简粗到清代的奢华，这种巨大变化和显著差异，不能不说与陈氏家庭社会地位的提高、财富的增加有着直接关系。 整个皇城(午亭山村)，包括内城"斗筑可居"和外城"中道庄"，从整体平面来看，似一头北尾南的神龟，轮廓鲜明，因有"龟城"之说，寓千秋永固之意…… 纵观皇城相府(午亭山村)，总面积36580平方米，有大型院落19落，房屋640余间，设9道城门，四通八达，有关卡可守，形成了外城包内城，内城套外城，内外连环套，稳固保安全的坚固堡垒。城墙总长1700余米，平均高度12米，宽2.5米至3米不等，城楼、堞楼、角楼互相关照，垛口星罗其布，组成了一道坚固的防御线。

出品丰富的影视基地

皇城相府的成名，除去自身的文化底蕴厚重外，还得益于多种形式的广泛宣传。其中，影响最大的，还是电视连续剧的鸿篇巨 制《康熙王朝》。

《康熙王朝》全面展示出了皇城相府的景观风貌、城墙气势、文化风韵，多方位、多角度、多层次地把皇城相府推进了《康熙王朝》的剧情中。其中，从陈廷敬这一历史人物的塑造上，也给皇城相府增光添彩。尤其是陈廷敬在康熙王朝的政治斗争中，展示出了不凡的政治才能。陈廷敬一生居官恪真清勤、自律严己，才华出众，严行操守，众望所归，能在宦海中遨游50多年，善始善终，而且生前死后朝野好评如一，是中国古代首辅大臣中所罕见的。《康熙王朝》影视片中的陈

廷敬，也是这样的形象与性格塑造。展示陈廷敬，又展示皇城相府，成为《康熙王朝》的一大特色。

为了拍摄《康熙王朝》，让皇城相府与陈廷敬进入角色，皇城相府所在皇城村的领导人：山西省农业劳动模范张家胜，对皇城相府发展高瞻远瞩，有着经营者的战略眼光，他和村内领导人商定，投入巨资参与《康熙王朝》的拍摄。《康熙王朝》的播出，使皇城相府知名度大增，皇城相府立即热了起来，火了起来，成为了晋城市甚至晋东南的旅游热点。皇城相府的宣传意识，市场营销意识，文化传播意识，成为今日皇城相府火爆的原因和起点，同时，皇城相府人的包装意识，文化挖掘意识，也使皇城相府走上了文化旅游景点的大舞台。《康熙王朝》热，点燃了皇城相府的旅游热，这种文化现象越来越引起了人们的广泛关注。影视作品与旅游景点合理结合，使双方受益，成为当前的一种旅游文化与影视文化的结合点。

当然，皇城相府的旅游火爆，绝非《康熙王朝》一剧导致，是多种因素形成结合力而引起社会关注的必然结果。

皇城相府如今成为了一处影视基地，近两年内，陆续在这里拍摄了大型电视连续剧如《契丹英后》、《双城古堡》等。至于专题影视片，多集文化影视片更是多不胜计。

《契丹英后》，是介绍北宋时期北方少数民族之一的契丹族辽国萧太后的连续剧。历史上与北宋对抗的辽国，在北方称雄一时，是北宋的强敌。而辽国的主宰者却是这位鲜为人知的萧太后。萧太后，今山西北部朔州市应县人，也堪称一代英杰。这一历史题材电视连续剧的拍摄，又为皇城相府的对外形象展示提供了一个舞台，一个大屏幕。众多的影视剧组介入皇城相府，使之成为拍摄基地，自然也是看中了这里的建筑文化内涵，而高品位建筑文化进入影视舞台，也会提高影视作品的文化档次，受到社会的关注。

昨天，记者从有关部门了解到，北京在拥有一个国家级自然保护区的基础上，准备再申请将百花山晋升为国家级自然保护区。

据了解，百花山市级自然保护区建于1985年，位于门头沟区清水镇境内，总面积2.17公顷，其中核心区面积0.68公顷，属于森林生态系统类型自然保护区，是本市目前面积最大的高等植物和珍稀野生动物自然保护区。百花山动、植物资源丰富，素有华北“天然动植物园”之称，有4个植被类型，10个森林群落，植物种类有130科、485属、1100种，其中药用植物400余种。动物种类170种，有国家一级保护动物金钱豹、褐马鸡、黑鹳、金雕，国家二级保护动物斑羚、勺鸡，市级保护动物50余种。

天津英文导游词

Tianjin is a good choice as a travel destination. With its cool sea breeze and fresh sea air you will definitely feel refreshed. Historical relics, natural scenery, temples, churches, assembly halls and commemorative sites of the Chinese revolution will illuminate Tianjins past, present and future. Tianjin is honored as Building Museum as it was occupied by nine imperial powers before the founding of the new China, leaving behind many buildings with extraordinary and exotic architectural styles, a real feast for the eye! In the following text let me give you a brief introduction to the Jinmen Shijing (top ten scenic attractions in Tianjin).

Huangyaguan Great Wall :

Located in the mountainous area of Tianjins northern Ji County, the Huangyaguan Great Wall was first built during the Northern Qi Dynasty (550 - 557) and repaired in large scale with bricks during the Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644). When appointed as the chief commanding officer in the Ji Garrison (one of the eleven garrisons of the Ming Dynasty), Qi Jiguang added watch towers and other defensive works.

The Huangyaguan Great Wall comes out first in the ten most-visited sites in Tianjin. It is considered to be a miniature of the Great Wall. The entire section is built on an abrupt mountain ridge. Being endowed with both natural beauty and cultural interest, it has become famous as a natural beauty spot and a summer resort. The major scenic area is composed of Huangyaguan Pass and Taiping Mountain Stronghold.

Huangyaguan Pass: In 1984, the people of Tianjin spent three years repairing 3,308 yards of the main wall from Banlagang Mountain in the east to Wangmaoding Mountain in the west. They restored 20 terraces, the Huangyaguan Water Gate, and the Bagua Castle (the Eight Diagrams Castle). The defensive system of the wall is complete. Watch towers, frontier cities, drain holes, emplacements, barracks and other indispensable military facilities are arranged orderly along the wall. Besides, the stele forests of the Great Wall, Beiji Temple, the exhibition hall of famous couplets, the Great Wall Museum (the first museum along the Great Wall) and the Phoenix Fortress have been newly built within the area.

Taipingzhai Great Wall :

Six miles southeast of Huangyaguan Pass is the Taipingzhai Great Wall, another important mountain stronghold of the wall during the Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644). It is also called Taipinganzhai, meaning "a village of peace and prosperity". Starting from Banlagang Mountain in the east and arriving at Guafu Tower (Widow Tower) in the west, it winds through the precipitous mountains for about 955 yards.

The wall is an important component of Huangyaguan Great Wall. There are six watch towers, one battlement, and one shortcut leading to the wall. The architectural styles of the military towers vary considerably. There are square, round, solid and hollow towers, with some inside and others outside the wall. Beside the shortcut, there is a small citadel where an 8.5-meter statue of Qi Jiguang, the chief commanding officer of Ji Garrison (one of the eleven garrisons in the Ming Dynasty) is located. The local people built this statue in order to commemorate his great contribution to frontier peace and stability in that period. To the west of the citadel, a section of the wall extends 33 yards out to where a sentry post was situated.

At the western end of the wall is a square stone tower called Guafu Tower, "Widow Tower" in English, built by twelve wives whose husbands died during the construction of the wall in the Ming Dynasty. The widows erected this tower to commemorate their husbands notable exploits. The tower has two levels and measures 13-meters (14-yards) high. Arched arrow windows are on the four sides of the tower.

Besides these cultural points of interest, Taipingzhai Great Wall is also famous for its amazingly impressive scenery. Zigzagging along the mountain ridge for over 984 yards, the wall looks very much like a giant dragon flying through clouds.

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