昆明导游词英文介绍【实用20篇】

Yulong Snow Mountain is located in the northwest of Lijiang, YunnanProvince, China. It has a north-south trend, a steep fan, and an altitude of5596 meters. It is the lowest latitude and highest altitude peak in the northernhemisphere of the world. The 13 peaks of the snow mountain are covered with snowall the year round. Like a vigorous jade dragon lying on the top of themountain, it has the potential to jump into the Jinsha River, so it is called"Jade Dragon Snow Mountain".

Yulong Snow Mountain is located between 100 ° 4 ′ 2 ″ - 100 ° 16 ′ 30 ″ Eand 27 ° 3 ′ 2 ″ - 27 ° 18 ′ 57 ″ n, covering an area of 415 square kilometers.The main peak fan is steep, with an altitude of 5596 meters. It is covered withsnow all the year round. There are temperate marine glaciers in the Eurasiancontinent closest to the equator. Yulong Snow Mountain is called "Ou Lu" in Naxilanguage, which means silver rock. It is wrapped in plain silver and has 13 snowpeaks, just like a "giant dragon" flying, so it is called "jade dragon". Becausethe lithology of Yulong Snow Mountain is mainly limestone and basalt, black andwhite, so it is also called "black and white snow mountain".

Yulong Snow Mountain is the sacred mountain in the heart of Naxi people. Itis said that it is the incarnation of the Naxi protective god "Sanduo". YulongSnow Mountain is rich in natural resources, the most ornamental value is thealpine snow landscape, water landscape, forest landscape and meadow landscape.These unique natural landscapes attract countless tourists to visit here everyyear. In 20__, Yulong Snow Mountain was rated as 4A scenic spot, and in May20__, it became one of the first batch of 5A scenic spots in China. It isbelieved that in the near future, Yulong Snow Mountain will become a first-classscenic spot with first-class ecological environment, which can let touristsenjoy ecotourism, feel biodiversity, and fully reflect the intimacy and harmonybetween human and nature.

仁者乐山，智者乐水。今天我们将要游览的就是一个属于智者的世界—抚仙湖。

涓涓细流，滋润着一处水如浑玉的湖—抚仙湖，有人说，抚仙湖的每一滴露珠都渗透着画意，每一缕清风都萦绕着诗情，每一纹清波都涌动着一个美丽的传说。

各位朋友，请看，我们眼前这碧绿澄清的湖泊就是闻名滇中的抚仙湖。抚仙湖由于大部分水域都在澄江县境内，所以也称它为澄江海。如果我们从地图上看，抚仙湖就像个倒放的葫芦。面积212平方公里，是我省第三大湖，“那有谁知道我省第一和第二湖呢?”对了，这位朋友回答的相当准确，我省的第一和第二大湖，分别是滇池和洱海。尽管抚仙湖为第三大湖，但是却是我省第一深水湖，最深处有157.8米，平均水深87米。湖水容量达189亿立方米，相当于12个滇池的水量，6个洱海的水量，蓄水量居我省第一。

抚仙湖南窄北宽，南北长31.5公里，东西最宽处11.5公里。最窄处仅有3.2公里，湖岸线总长90.6公里，属于半封闭高原湖泊。抚仙湖湖水清澈透明，透明度平均为8米，最大可达12.5米，是我国内陆淡水湖中水质最好的湖泊之一。

此湖为什么叫抚仙湖呢?相传玉皇大帝派了石、肖二仙来到人间巡查。他们来到滇中，看见一池碧水，两位仙人被湖光山色所迷倒。忘记了返回天上，变成了两块并肩搭手的巨石，永远的战立在湖边。故名抚仙湖。

各位朋友，现在我们来到了抚仙湖南面山间的海门河。这条河仅长一公里，但是却吸引了无数的游人，这是为什么呢?现在我们来看一下，海门河隔山连着江川的星云湖，河岸石壁上刻有“鱼界石”三字，传说这三个字是清朝乾隆皇帝亲笔。在石壁旁边的那块石碑上，刻有“星云日向抚仙湖，独禁鱼虾不共游，岂是长江限天堑，居然尺水割鸿沟。”的诗句。栖息在星云湖的大头鱼和栖息在抚仙湖的抗浪鱼，每游到此地，就马上调头往回游去，以石为界，互不干扰，不相往来，为天下一奇。正是这奇观，吸引了古往今来的无数游人。

说到这里，我不得不介绍下抚仙湖特有的抗浪鱼。

抗浪鱼和其他的鱼类比较起来，有许多独特之处，归纳起来有五奇。

一奇是它奇特的鱼种。抗浪鱼个头不大，只有五六寸长，和其他鱼类比较起来，它更像苗条淑女。据调查了解，全世界所有的海洋湖泊里，除了抚仙湖外，没有任何地方再有抗浪鱼了。

二奇是它的生活习性，每年立春至立秋这段时间，抗浪鱼便从深水中游向岸边浅滩产卵。此时湖滩银光闪闪，极为壮观。最为奇特的是抗浪鱼游向湖岸还有一个规律，即在鱼讯期，每10天中只有3天游到湖边，另外7天游回深水里，当地居民把这种景象成为“来3去7”。

三奇，是这儿奇特的捕鱼方式：即不下湖，不用船，不用鱼钩，不用渔网，在岸边捕捞。如抚仙湖东岸的渔民用“香把”捕鱼，抚仙湖西岸的渔民用鱼笼捕鱼。

四奇，是这儿奇特的吃法，由于抗浪鱼生活在洁净的水中，肚里很干净，所以吃鱼不用清理内脏。于是便产生了许多奇特的吃法。这儿有很多的吃法，至于是什么吃法好吃点呢，还得请各位自己亲自品尝了。

五奇的是卖鱼的方式，到了抚仙湖，您会发现澄江卖抗浪鱼的方法很独特—数双卖。这是为什么呢?这种独特的卖鱼方式与抗浪鱼的生活习性有关，生长在抚仙湖的抗浪鱼也许是因为环境的清洁，使它们的感情也像抚仙湖水样纯洁真挚，无论在深水中游玩，还是在浅滩上嬉戏产卵，都是成双成对，形影不离，像一对对的水底鸳鸯。尽管它们很小，人们也很尊重和珍惜它们这种难分难舍的真挚感情，即使是捕获后晒成鱼干，煮成咸鱼，卖时也是成双成对的卖，不忍心将它们分离。

听了以上介绍，想必大家已经大饱耳福了，所以，来到澄江抚仙湖一定要品尝上等抗浪鱼一饱口福呢~

吃过了鲜美的抗浪鱼，大家一定还想看些更多的有关这个纯净之湖的更多秘密吧?大家随我来。

请看，现在呈现在我们面前的这座小岛，就是孤山。各位可别小看它哦，此山虽小却内容丰富呢~

孤山，原名瀛海山。明代以前瀛海山旁边有一座更小的小岛，被称为小瀛海山。两岛之间有一座铁桥相连，可惜的是，明末的一场地震，小瀛海山和铁桥一同沉没。唯独留下了瀛海山，孤山之名由此而来。

孤山名胜成于宋，盛于明，曾建有八殿五阁三亭一堂一庵一塔。八殿即：大佛殿，大雄殿，接引殿，三清殿，活佛殿，子孙殿，雷祖殿，白衣殿等;五阁即：玉皇阁，斗母阁，雄文阁、吕祖阁、凌霄阁等;三亭即：襟海亭，宛在亭，探璃亭等;还有十咏堂，水月庵，铜塔。孤山昔日有“巍然形盛冠南洲”之称，成为滇中名胜之最。

1988年11月，江川县将孤山辟为旅游风景区，进行了绿化，相继修建了亭台楼阁。在码头建孤山门，往南建七曲桥，建南长廊。在烂柯坪建烂柯亭，鱼乐园建观鱼台;在险峰石建险峰亭，重建天生桥;在舍身崖建舍身亭。在龟极峰建瀛海楼，振衣岗建史碑亭。孤山顶中部建金山清苑，北部建环玉山庄，北麓建浩然榭，西北部建情人廊。

岛上曲径通幽，林木繁盛，空气新鲜，楼阁巍峨，形成了集游乐、食宿、沐浴为一体的风景区，再现了“巍然形盛冠南洲”的风采。

各位朋友，游完孤山，此次我们在抚仙湖的游览活动即将结束，如果各位还有兴趣深入了解这里，欢迎再次来到这里感受纯洁之湖的美丽~谢谢大家~

莲花洞因窟顶有一朵高浮雕的大莲花而得名。开凿于北魏时期。莲花是佛教象征名物，意为出污泥而不染。因此，佛教石窟顶多以莲花作为装饰，但像莲花洞窟顶这样硕大精美的高浮雕饰，在龙门石窟也不多见。莲花周围有体态轻盈，细腰长裙的飞天环绕其间。也有人说莲花洞上面的莲花，开创了室内装修天花板的先河。洞内正壁为一佛二弟子二菩萨五尊式造像。主佛为释迦牟尼立像，着褒衣博带式袈裟，衣褶简洁明快。这是释迦牟尼的游说像，即佛祖外出讲经说法时的形象。两侧二弟子是浅浮雕，左侧弟子迦叶深目高鼻，胸部筋骨突兀，手持锡仗，似一西域苦行僧的形象。可惜其头部早年被盗(现存法国吉美博物馆)。龙门石窟中最小的佛像雕像，仅有两厘米高，这些高不盈寸的小千佛就雕于莲花洞南壁的上方，生动细致，被称之为微雕。洞口北壁崖壁有“伊阙”二字，原来是一方摩崖石刻，是唐刻陀罗尼经，这两个大字是明代河南巡抚赵岩所题写。

卢舍那大像龛(除了九尊大像之外，中间还有一些小的造像，那么这些造像是在唐玄宗李隆基统治时期，在他过生日时，后宫嫔妃、王公大臣给他发愿祈福开窟造像，送给他的一件生日礼物，放在他奶奶的洞窟这边，也是寄托了一些政治含义在里面。)好，我们现在看到的叫做奉先寺，又叫做卢舍那大像龛。是整个龙门石窟唐代雕刻艺术中最有代表的作品。据于唐玄宗开元十年刻就的《河洛上都龙门之阳大卢舍那像龛记》记载，奉先寺为唐高宗所创，皇后武则天曾于高宗咸亨三年捐助脂粉钱两万贯，保进了整个工程的进展。整个大像龛布局为一佛二弟子二菩萨二天王二力士等一铺九尊大像，主尊卢舍那大佛通高17.14米，头高4米，耳长1.9米,面相丰满圆润,方额广颐,咱们注意这个方额广颐，这是民间所称的武则天的长相，什么意思呢?大体就是天庭饱满，地阁方圆，印堂发亮，双耳垂肩，用最通俗的解释就是银盘大脸。这是一种福相。眉毛弯弯，灵活而又含笑的眼睛显得非常秀美，那么咱们注意一下她的眼睛，由于是向下俯视，咱们参观者无论是站在下边哪个角度看就会和佛的目光交汇在一个点，形成心灵上的共鸣。其实她的眼睛采用的圆刀雕法，眼珠子是用烧好的琉璃珠嵌进去，所以非常的传神。嘴巴微微上翘，给我们呈现出了这样一种笑：当时的大唐国富民强，人们生活优越，既无内忧又无外患，那么武则天的化身——卢舍那大佛坐在龙门的最高处，非常自信，腰板挺直，笑看龙门山色，笑看风云变幻，呈现出泱泱大国的大唐盛世的气度。佛所穿的衣服衣纹简洁流畅，不多的几根线条，就把佛那种庄严、睿智亲切慈祥的心态表达的淋漓尽致。左侧大弟子迦叶严谨持重，小弟子阿难忠厚虔诚，二人均衣着朴素，诚心侍佛。二菩萨端庄矜持，头戴宝冠，衣着华丽，是唐代贵妇人的形象，那么菩萨头上的宝冠是镂空雕凿，美丽的宝冠是丝绸之路进口而来的，一直对现在都有影响，咱们注意到没有香港小姐冠军都戴这个，是当时时尚的体现。天王和力士的塑像也是龙门石窟中的精品，他们怒目圆睁，肌肉突出，让我们感觉到一种力量之美。我们都知道这样一句老话：平时不烧香，临时抱佛脚，那么在我们看到的力士像的脚脖子是非常光滑的，抱的就是他的佛脚。

Kunming lake is located in the Summer Palace in Beijing, its area is aboutthree-quarters of the total area. Former northwest Beijing many springs convergeinto natural lakes, has seven names such as yet, large parking in the lake.

Kunming lake, a former northwest Beijing many springs converge into naturallakes, has seven names such as yet, large parking in the lake. Due to thelongevity hill after the predecessor has the name of urn hill, also known as urnhill parking. Kunming lake is a natural, artificial lake. Here is the originalxishan hill arch fans, former reason springs to assemble a lowland swamp.

In 1153 AD, after gold yanjing (as) in its capital, gold master yan honglight out the chicken water land, built in the jinshan palace. More from thewest to the aim of yuquan hill spring note at the foot of the jinshan, make itbecome a plain, storage called the golden stream. This is the precursor of thekunming lake today. To the yuan dynasty, to increase the golden stream of waterwill be needed to supply the Kyoto grain transportation, water conservancy, guoshoujin guided ChangPing County white water from springs and yuquan hill intothe mooring floating village. Jinshan was renamed urn hill, lake was renamed urnhill berth, the surface than had previously been expanded. In the Ming dynasty,white village water channel (white floating weir) disrepair, the water dried up,urn hill parking area is narrow. Emperor qianlong in the qing dynasty carveddeep to expand mooring and urn hill, become larger than when Ming dynasty triplegiant leaching, the beginning of the kunming lake.

This name, is the emperor that is applied in the qianlong emperor inchangan capital kunming pool practicing wenhuan allusions. The name used today.After the yuan dynasty Beijing its capital for grain transportation, presidedover by the water conservancy experts guo shoujin, upstream water development,changping along the mountain spring water and running water into the lake,became mostly in the city of grain transportation by using the reservoir. Manyplanting lotus in the lake in the Ming dynasty, around the paddy planting rice,lake have temples, pavilions, wins again, like the jiangnan scenery, hence thereare "west lake", "west lake scenery" of reputation.

MingWu of land god, Ming has been on a boat to go fishing for fun here.Qing qianlong built qingyi garden, the lake will develop, become the size of thenow, and take the emperor in changan kunming digging pool exercises war story,named kunming lake, on the lake every summer training exercise. Kunming lake onthe main subject is west dike and six bridge, east dike, the west embankment inthe south lake island, the marble seventeen-arch bridge which and so on. Flowaround the longevity hill river at the foot of the mountain, known as thelake.

昆明地处云贵高原中部，位于东经102度10分至103度40分，北纬24度23分至26度22分，东西最大横距140千米，南北最大纵距220千米，城区距首都北京2100千米(航空线)，南达中越边境515千米，西抵中缅边境876千米，西南至中老边境906千米。 昆明地理位置属北纬亚热带，然而境内大多数地区夏无酷暑，冬无严寒，具有典型的温带气候特点，素以“春城”而享誉中外。 景观：西依西山之畔，是游览观光的理想之地。昆明周围，东有二碑，千佛塔，阿庐古洞，彩色沙林，南有抚仙湖，星云湖，九龙池，通海秀山;西有安宁温泉，禄丰古生物化石遗址;北有武定狮子山，禄劝彝文摩岩石刻。可为景点多矣，其中滇池和路南石林均为国家重点风景名胜区。

【行政区划】

昆明市下辖6区、4县、3自治县、1市：【主城区：盘龙区、五华区、西山区、官渡区、呈贡区、】、【副城区：富民县、嵩明县、宜良县、安宁市、晋宁县】、【远郊区县：东川区、寻甸县、石林县、禄劝县】。(数据：20xx年)

①主城区

五华区，总面积397.86k㎡，总人口855521人，下辖10个街道办事处。区人民政府驻华山街道。

盘龙区，总面积345.83k㎡，总人口809881人，下辖10个街道办事处，2个镇。区人民政府驻拓东街道。

官渡区，总面积634.96k㎡，总人口853371人，下辖10个街道办事处。区人民政府驻关上街道办事处。

西山区，总面积791.14k㎡，总人口753813人，下辖10个街道办事处。区人民政府驻西苑街道。

呈贡区，总面积461.00k㎡，总人口310813人，下辖10个街道办事处。区人民政府驻龙城街道。

以上五个市辖区为昆明市的主城区，即市内五区。

以下是四个行政辖区范围：

五华区辖北门、虹山、西站、华山、武成、西坝、大观、崇仁、莲华、新村、长春、小南、南强、黑林铺14个街道办事处和厂口乡、沙朗白族乡。

盘龙区辖环城、珠玑、东华、董家湾、拓东、联盟、茨坝、龙泉8个街道办事处和小河、双龙、双哨3个乡。

官渡区辖关上、金马、东站、太和4个街道办事处，大板桥、小板桥、官渡3个镇，小哨、矣六、六甲3个乡和阿拉彝族乡。

西山区辖棕树营、马街、金碧、土桥、永昌、福海、前卫7个街道办事处，碧鸡、海口2个镇，团结彝族白族乡、谷律彝族白族乡。

②副城区

富民县，总面积993k㎡，总人口145554人。下辖1个街道办事处，5个镇，县人民政府驻永定街道。

嵩明县，总面积1357.29k㎡，总人口287095人。下辖1个街道办事处，3个镇，县人民政府驻嵩阳街道。

宜良县，总面积1873k㎡，总人口419400人。下辖2个街道办事处，3个镇，2个乡，县人民政府驻匡远街道。

安宁市，总面积1313k㎡，总人口341341人，20xx年GDP120.62亿元。下辖9个街道办事处，市人民政府驻连然街道。

晋宁县，总面积1236.37k㎡，总人口283784人。下辖1个街道办事处，4个镇，2个乡，县人民政府驻昆阳街道。

③远郊区县

东川区，总面积1858.79k㎡，总人口271917人。下辖1个街道办事处，6个镇，1个乡，区人民政府驻铜都街道。

寻甸回族彝族自治县，总面积3598k㎡，总人口457068人。下辖1个街道办事处，9个镇，4个乡，县人民政府驻仁德街道。

禄劝彝族苗族自治县，总面积4234.78k㎡，总人口39万人。下辖1个街道，9个镇，6个乡，县人民政府驻屏山街道。

石林彝族自治县，总面积1725k㎡，总人口24万6220人。下辖1个街道办事处，3个镇，1个乡，县人民政府驻鹿阜街道。

④托管区域

下列区域不由所属行政区域直接管理，而直接由市政府派出机构管理，级别与区县同级，并建有公安局，环保局等行政机构。

国家级昆明高新技术产业开发区(高新区)，1992年8月成立，管理呈贡新区马金铺街道办事处75%的区域及五华区人民西路以北，昌源路以东，海屯路以南，二环快速以西的八个社区。

国家级昆明经济技术开发区，1992年5月成立，管理官渡区小板桥街道经济园社区、阿拉街道办事处及呈贡新区洛羊街道办事处。

国家级滇池旅游度假区，1992年10月成立，管理西山区盘龙江以西，广福路以南，船房河以东前卫街道办事处的4个社区，福海街道办事处的4个社区的部分区域，以及呈贡新区的大渔街道办事处。

空港经济区，20xx年成立，管理官渡区大板桥街道办事处。

倘甸产业园区轿子雪山开发区，20xx年成立，管理东川区红土地镇、舍块乡，禄劝县的转龙镇、雪山乡、乌蒙乡，以及寻甸县的倘甸镇、凤合镇、联合乡、金源乡等共9个乡镇地区，辖下94个村民委员会，面积1837.54k㎡，人口约22.3万人。

阳宗海风景名胜区管理委员会，20xx年7月成立，管理阳宗海周边的呈贡区七甸街道、宜良县汤池街道、澄江县阳宗镇共38个村委会(社区)，总面积546k㎡，人口9.5万人。

海口新区，20xx年2月28日成立，管理西山区海口街道。

泛亚科技新区，20xx年4月15日成立，管理五华区黑林铺街道、普吉街道。市行政中心驻呈贡区吴家营街道。

【历史沿革】

名称由来：昆明(kūn míng)，括号中为汉语拼音;昆明(ㄎㄨㄣˉㄇㄧㄥˊ)，括号中为注音符号或注音字母。

“昆明”一词作为地名，在唐代以前很难稽考。关于“昆明”一词的起源，有多种说法，大多数学者认为，“昆明”最初是我国西南地区一个古代民族的族称。“昆明”在中国古代文献中写作“昆”、“昆弥”或“昆淋”。早期并非城市名称，而是居住在中国西南地区即今日的云南西部、四川西南部的一个古代民族的族称。

见诸记载，“昆明”一词的出现，可追溯到汉武帝时期。当时的著名史学家司马迁在《史记·西南夷列传》中写道：“西自同师(今保山)以东，北至叶榆，名为嶲、昆明、皆编发，随畜迁徙，毋常处，毋君长，地方可数千里。”由此可见，“昆明”一词是古代云南一个少数民族的族称。

“昆明”作为地名出现，则是在唐代。“武德二年，于镇置昆明县，盖南接昆明之地，因此为名。”按此处置昆明县，非今之昆明，乃四川定笮镇(今盐源县境)。唐代为什么把定笮镇命名为“昆明”，记载当中已写得很清楚，系它接近昆明之故。此处昆明仍指昆明族而言，盖汉唐以前，昆明族大部定居云南西部地区。直到南诏、大理国时期，乌蛮、白蛮兴起，昆明族居住的地方，为乌蛮、白蛮据有，昆明族才东迁滇中，聚居于滇池周围。宋宝佑二年(1254年)，元灭大理，在鄯阐设 “昆明千户所”，“昆明”始作为地名出现，延续至今。“昆明”一词的含义，晋常琚解释说：“夷人大种日昆，小种日叟。”这句话可解释为人口众多的昆明族。

【历史文化】

昆明具有悠久的历史、灿烂的文化，是国务院公布的首批 24个历史文化名城之一，拥有2200多年的建城史，滇池地区拥有3020xx年的文明史。约3万年前，即有人类生活在滇池地区。战国至东汉初，滇池周围的“滇人”建立滇国，创造了独具特色的“滇文化”。公元前120xx年，西汉设益州郡，将滇池地区纳入中原王朝版图。公元765 年，南诏国筑拓东城，为昆明建城之始。大理国时称鄯阐城。拓东城、鄯阐城分别为南诏国、大理国的东京。1276年，昆明设中庆城，首次成为省会。明代，大量移民进入云南，昆明汉族人口首次超过本地土著居民。明末清初，李定国等农民起义军、永历帝、吴三桂先后在昆明或建立政权、或建立皇宫。1920xx年的“重九起义” ，推翻了清朝在云南的统治。1920xx年，昆明自辟为商埠及1920xx年滇越铁路的修通，使昆明成为一个开放城市。1920xx年，昆明爆发“护国首义” ，全国响应。1920xx年，设云南市政公所，为昆明设市的发端。1920xx年改设昆明市政公所。1920xx年8月1日，成立昆明市政府。抗战时期，昆明成为支撑中国抗战的经济、文化、军事重镇之一，成为著名的“民主堡垒”。1949年12月9日，昆明和平解放。

【建制沿革】

远古：数万年前昆明人的祖先就已在这一带过着茹毛饮血、穴居野处的原始生活。约四千至七千年前，滇池一带已有了定居的农业民族，从事“刀耕火种”的原始农业和狩猎、饲养畜禽等多种经营活动，并已能纺纱、织布。滇池地区和稻谷种植至今至少已约有数千年的历史。

青铜器时代滇池地区各氏族部落，以叟族为主，属氐羌族语系。氐羌，是中国古代分布在陕西、甘肃、青海、四川到云南北部一带的古老游牧民族。其中一部分从越西(今四川越西)渡金沙江而南进入滇池地区，与当地傣僮语系氏族“蒲”、“僚”等部落相融合，共同促进了滇池地区的开发和发展。

公元前三世纪(纪元前298～277年间)，楚国大将庄蹻率众入滇，抵滇池地区，与当地的叟族部落联盟，建立了以叟族为主的“滇国”，自称“滇王”，其故城在今晋宁县晋城镇。“庄开滇”带来了楚国和中原内地先进的文化、技术，对促进当时以滇部落为主的滇池地区的政治、经济发展有一定的积极作用。

西汉王朝建立后，积极谋求对“西南夷”地区的开发。公元前120xx年(西汉元封二年)，汉武帝征发巴蜀地区士卒，滇王被迫归降。汉王朝以滇池地区为中心设置了益州郡，郡治与滇王驻地同在今晋城附近。郡下设县：昆明为谷昌县，昆阳为建伶县，晋宁为滇池县，安宁为连然县，富民为秦臧县，宜良为昆泽县，把中央集权的郡县制度推行到了西南边疆，标志着古代云南接受中央王朝直接统治的开始。郡县制度的施行，有力地促进了滇池地区奴隶制社会的解体。汉族移民和中原内地先进技术、文化的传播，使滇池地区的经济发展达到了一个新的水平。蜀汉诸葛亮平定南中后，改益州郡为建宁郡，“郡治仍益州郡之旧”，任用“大姓”为地方官吏，实行促进民族团结的政策。

公元271年(晋武帝泰始七年)，晋王朝把南中四郡(建宁、云南、永昌、兴古)从益州(治成都)分划出来，设立宁州，与益州同列，为全国十九州之一。东晋以后，“方土大姓”爨氏势力逐渐强盛，成为滇中地区的统治者。公元339年(成帝咸和十四年)，晋王朝封爨琛为宁州刺史，并承认其世袭地位。历经南北朝隋初的二百多年间，在中原政治动乱、民族纷争的形势下，爨氏对昆川一隅的统治，保持了“力役齐平，教化清静”的较为安定的社会局面，使滇池地区的社会经济有了新的发展。到梁末隋初爨瓒、爨震时代，滇池地区已是“户口殷众，金宝富饶”、“多骏马、犀象、明珠”，成为当时西南在经济上较为繁荣和富庶的地区。

公元620xx年唐王朝建立，先后在云南设置了九十二州。滇池地区为九十二州的主要部分。公元620xx年(唐高祖武德元年)，唐朝任命爨氏子孙爨弘达为昆州刺史，治理属县，治所仍设在益宁城。唐代中叶，蒙氏势力在洱海地区崛起，建立南诏国。公元746～747年，蒙氏皮罗阁进兵安宁，攻灭爨氏。公元765年，蒙氏阁逻风(南诏国国王)命长子凤迦异于昆川(今昆明城区一带)置拓东城，并令其驻守。拓东城就成为了当时南诏国的东部重镇。拓东城的开辟，为古代昆明的城市发展奠定了基础，并发展成为南诏的第二政治、经济、军事和文化中心，往来广西、贵州和安南(今越南)的重要通道，在当时大西南的社会经济发展和与东南亚的国际交往中占有重要的地位。

公元937年，大理段氏夺取南诏政权，建立大理国，统一了云南，在拓东城的基础上设鄯阐府，为大理国八府之一。府治沿袭拓东城。段氏政权在其内部经历了较剧烈的社会变革，释奴隶，免徭役，进一步瓦解南诏的贵族统治，解放了社会生产力。鄯阐府的城市规模进一步扩大，繁华的市中心逐渐移至盘龙江以西(今金碧路、三市街)一带，大理国国主也经常驻节于此。段氏统治者在鄯阐营造宫室园林，兴修水利，到大理国末期，鄯阐城已发展成为滇中一座“商工颇众”的繁华城市。

公元1253年(元宪宗三年)，元军攻占云南。1276年(元世祖至元十三年)，赛典赤主滇后，把军事统治时期所设的万户、千户、百户改为路、府、州、县，正式建立云南行中书省。置昆明县，为中庆路治地(昆明命名即始于此)，并把行政中心由大理迁到昆明。自此，昆明”也正式作为全省政治、经济、文化的中心。元朝统治时期，经过初期的军事掠夺和民族镇压之后，逐渐代之以定赋税和改善民族关系的政策，并大兴民屯，整修水利，订立租赋，免除徭役，“开云南驿路”，“驰道路之禁，通民往来”。元朝官吏在昆明地区挖海口河，疏通螂螳川，降低了滇池水位，不仅解除了昆明城市的水患，还“得壤地万余顷，皆为良田”，扩大了农田面积。并修金汁河、松花坝，引盘龙江水灌溉滇池东岸农田;还从内地引进养蚕技术，发展丝织业，使农民和手工业者“收利十倍于旧”，使滇池地区的政治经济在元朝中期有了新的发展。公元1381年(洪武十四年)明朝进军云南后，改元代“路”一级行政区划为府，仿内地建制，设置云南承宣布政使司和都指挥使司。

到了清朝后期，自鸦片战争，特别是1885年(光绪十一年)中法战争以后，法、英等帝国主义势力迅速侵入云南。1920xx年(光绪三十年)，清朝把昆明辟为商埠。1920xx年(宣统二年)，滇越铁路修通昆明。进一步加强了昆明作为全省商业、贸易中心的经济地位和交通枢纽地位。1884年(光绪十年)创立的云南机器局，成为昆明近代工业的开端。之后，造币厂、制革厂、官印局、电报局、邮政局等官办企业也应时而生。1920xx年(光绪廿六年)，昆明开始出现商办企业。1920xx年(光绪三十四年)，滇池出现小火轮，市内也开办有“人力车公司”。到1920xx年(宣统三年)，全市已有火柴、面粉、玻璃、香烟、五金、制茶、皮货加工、西药加工、火腿罐头等十多种行业，最多的为火柴业，已有厂商四家。此外，还有四十三处煤、铅、铜、铁、碗花(钴)等矿产的小规模开采。1937年抗日军兴，外地的工厂、学校内迁，大量的资金、设备和人材流入昆明，促进了昆明经济的短暂繁荣。国民党中央和云南地方的官僚资本纷纷在昆明设置和开办工厂企业，如中央机器厂、炼铜厂、电工厂、发电厂、53兵工厂、电力制钢厂、纺纱厂、烟厂等相继建立。

1950年2月24日，云南和平解放。

昆明市气候概况

昆明地处低纬高原，属亚热带湿润气候, 境内大多数地区夏无酷暑，冬无严寒，素以"春城"而享誉中外。

昆明气候的主要特点有以下几点：

1.春季温暖，干燥少雨，蒸发旺盛，日温变化大;

2.夏无酷暑，雨量集中，且多大雨、暴雨，降水量占全年的60%以上，故易受洪涝灾害;

3.秋季温凉，天高气爽，雨水减少。秋季降温快，天气干燥，多数地区气温要比春季低2℃左右。降水量比夏季减少一半多，但多于冬、春两季，故秋旱较少见;

4.冬无严寒，日照充足，天晴少雨。

5.干、湿季分明。全年降水量在时间分布上，明显地分为干、湿两季。5～10月为雨季，降水量占全年的85%左右;11月至次年4月为干季，降水量仅占全年的15%左右。

5篇介绍海南南湾猴岛的导游词范文

南湾猴岛位于海南省陵水县南约14公里的南湾半岛，三面环海，是我国也是世界上唯一的岛屿型猕猴自然保护区。岛上除了有热带植物近400种，动物近百种，原始的自然环境和2500多只国家二类保护动物猕猴外，因此人们称之为“猴岛”。它是我国唯一的岛屿型猕猴自然保护景区。目前二期开发的海边项目，浪漫天缘景区也对外开放了。 由于景区在半岛上，如果要进入猴岛，可以选择乘观光索道直接抵达景区，或者选择坐船抵达半岛的码头，然后乘坐景区的观光车前往南湾猴岛。时间上大致都在8-10分钟左右。 进入大门，首先看到的将会是猴岛雕塑广场。看到是一只猴子正坐在达尔文的《物种起源》捧着人的头盖骨在思考。这个雕塑可是是美国著名的红色资本家哈默博士送给前苏联领导人列宁的礼品雕塑的复制品。 观赏完雕塑，来到花果山猕猴游览区。由猴队长的带领下高举旗帜可爱猕猴的迎宾仪仗队，还可以看到猕猴的水上乐园——“浴圣池”，可以看到在五星级游泳池的猴子们或潜水、或游泳、或高楼跳水。 在猕猴杂技表演区可以看到充满“人性”的猕猴。下面是小编收集整理的5篇介绍海南南湾猴岛的导游词范文，欢迎借鉴参考。

5篇介绍海南南湾猴岛的导游词范文(一)

朋友们，提起猴子，相信每个人都会觉得他们聪明可爱，那么你们想不想去和他们做一次亲密的接触呢?哎，我们这天要去的景区就是海南著名的经典之一，南湾猴岛。南湾猴岛是世界上唯一一个热带岛屿型猕猴自然保护区，位于海南省陵水县南约十公里处的南湾半岛。面积有1000多公顷，岛上山头绵延，四季花果飘香，是猕猴生息繁衍的理想之地。南湾的猕猴学名叫做恒河猴，属于灵长类。猴子已经从最初的28群扩展到了20xx多只，可谓是猴子的王国。在那里呢，猴子是主人，游者是客人，而经营管理者是仆人。

好了，此刻我们将乘着跨海索道进入南湾猴岛。这条索道长达2138米，是中国最长的跨海观光索道，将神秘的南湾猴岛，迷人的热带海湾，浓郁的渔港风光串成一线。

我们此刻位于猕猴雕塑广场，大家能够看到，一只猴子坐在达尔文的物种起源上捧着人的头颅在思考。它的含义是，人类要学会遵守自然法则，学会尊重自然保护自然，否则人类不但会毁灭自然，还会毁灭人类自身。

此刻我们位于花果山猕猴游览区里。大家看，热情好客的猴子仪仗队正在列队迎宾，在猴子队长的带领下高举旗帜欢迎远道而来的客人们，是不是很搞笑呢!这边是猴子们的水上乐园浴圣池，猴子们在那里潜水嬉戏，或是高台跳水向游客们展示他们天性善水的特点和潜力。这边呢是猕猴拍照区，那里的猕猴十分有灵性，只要你给他们喂食就能够或得跟她们拍照的机会哦。十分搞笑，有兴趣的朋友不妨试一试。

那里是猴子杂技表演区，充满乐趣的猴子杂技表演也是猴岛的一个亮丽招牌，在驯化师的带领下，猴儿们表演着各种各样高难度的动作。为了给游客们带来更多的欢乐，主人们和仆人们合力给大家准备了一场别开生面的人后共戏情景舞台剧，毛毛的一家人。看过之后，保证您开怀大笑，烦恼全消。

好了各位朋友，南湾猴岛的旅行就要结束啦，在离开厚道之前请您带上您热爱生活热爱自然的完美愿望，带上您的好情绪也带上人与自然和谐相处的乐趣，带上您完美的回忆跟我踏上下一段旅程吧!

5篇介绍海南南湾猴岛的导游词范文(二)

南湾猴岛位于海南省陵水县南约14公里的南湾半岛，三面环海，是我国也是世界上唯一的岛屿型猕猴自然保护区。岛上除了有热带植物近400种，动物近百种，原始的自然环境和2500多只国家二类保护动物猕猴外，因此人们称之为"猴岛"。

南湾猴岛四季绿树葱葱，风光秀丽迷人，最具海南特色的洁净迷人的沙滩，妩媚多姿的椰树，白浪翻扬的天然海滨浴场，色彩斑斓的珊瑚礁群;素有"海上街市"之称的渔排风情，古陵水"八景之一"。

南湾半岛因猕猴种类独特，种群众多被列为省级自然保护区。现有猕猴29群20xx多只。

南湾猴岛的猕猴为国家Ⅱ级保护动物，是我国常见的一种猴类。生理上与人类非常接近，适应性广，生命力顽强，易驯养。猕猴系半树栖生活种类，多栖息于石山峭壁、溪旁沟谷和江河岸

南湾猴岛景区总面积为10.2平方公里，长14公里，最宽处仅1公里，平均海拔150米。

岛上有三个自然村，3000多人口和500多亩农耕地。猴子岛三面环海，碧波万顷，一面青山依傍。岛上怪石嶙峋，像一肥铁锚抛入浩瀚的南海，在碧波白沙的环抱下犹如拥红簇翠的图画一样迷人。这里气候温和，雨量充沛，椰树、荔枝、菠萝蜜、杨桃等果树比比皆是，草木四季常青，花果代谢不衰，是典型的热带风光。既适合猕猴生长繁衍，又能为猕猴提供充足的食物。

多年来，有关部门对南湾猴岛的猴群采取了一系列保护措施。已经基本对部分猴子驯化成功。只要听到哨子响，它们便呼啦地奔下山来，在距人咫尺地方争食、追逐，有的甚至向客人招手或上前索取食物，但它们很少糟塌庄稼和伤害牲畜。猴群无愁无忧地生活在这个人为监护管理的大自然生物圈里。南湾猴岛真正成了猴子的乐园。游客只要从陵水县县城沿海榆东线公路驱南行14公里，到达新村渔港，乘吊索渡过只有500米宽的浅海湾，步过海滩，进入茂密的热带丛林，就会看到这个得天独厚的"花果山"，看到孙大圣的子孙后代们逍遥自在的极乐世界了。

到南湾猴岛观猴，其趣无穷。岛上之猴,有几群已被驯化。你可以为它们拍照，也可和它们合影。观猴最佳时刻是管理人员喂食之时，哨笛一响，满山树摇草动，猕猴们有的连蹦带跳，有的在树上一连串腾跃秋千，一眨眼功夫便集合完毕，一边争吃，一边唧唧咕咕地打闹，千姿百态。如果不是在喂食时间上岛也没关系，只要你在观猴园前买一两袋花生果等食物，猴们便很乐意和你交朋友，会以十二分热情和主动来接受你的敬意。值得你注意的是这些猴子猴孙不喜欢欺骗行为。假如你竟想"逞猴"，只亮食物而不喂给它吃，或者看到握拳亮开的是空手掌，那么，猴就会向你，吡牙咧嘴大叫，或者飞快地向你扑来，会让你大吃一惊。

游客可以欣赏到令人捧腹的猴艺小品、充满灵性的马戏表演，还可以与猴子合影留念，亲密接触，别有一番情趣，高空缆车既便利了游客进岛出岛，以为游客提供了一个领略海南椰风海韵的全新视角。 此外南湾猴岛的接待设施也在不断完善，新增加的环保型电瓶车，装修改造后的船只与索道相配合，使游客进出岛极为便利，南湾猴岛已成为海南旅游市场产品的一个重要组成部分。

南湾猴岛坐落于海南省陵水县南约14公里处的南湾半岛上。岛上气候温和、林木繁茂、峰峦起伏、四季如春、蝶舞鸟逐。半岛三面环海，周边水域风情万种，整座山头怪石嶙峋;海湾细浪连绵、百舸候岸;湾内波光粼粼、渔排荡漾;若是雨天，南湾浩如烟海，整个一幅奇美的山水画。1995年的资源调查显示:保护区共有植物388种，森林覆盖率达95%，哺乳动物15种，鸟类57种，两栖爬行类17种，猕猴也已从1965年的5群100多只发展到20多群1500只左右。多情的海水孕育了这美丽的小岛，而聪明机灵的猴子们又怎么会放过这块圣地呢?岛上除珍贵动物猕猴外，还有水鹿、小类猫、豹猫、水獭、穿山甲等近20种兽类;鸟类有海南鹧鸪、戴胜等近30种;爬虫类有蟒蛇、蜥蜴等。

20世纪30年代和50年代，猴岛先后遭遇两次毁坏。1965年建立猴岛保护区时，只剩下5群约100只猴子。

1999年7月，由海南三特索道有限公司、陵水县林业局、陵水县旅游局三方共同组建了股份制形式的海南陵水猴岛旅业发展有限公司。当年10月，猴岛主题公园开始开发建设。

由于近几年的保护性开发，猴子的数量已由1995年的1800只左右，增长到2500多只。猴岛公司又对野生猕猴进行驯养，使野性十足的猴子颇通人性。

为让人们充分领略南湾风光，1999年海南三特索道有限公司在新村与猴岛之间架设了一条2138米的全国最长的跨海观光索道--猴岛索道，索道犹如一条凌空彩链横跨新村港湾，将神秘的南湾猴岛、迷人的热带港湾、浓郁的"疍家民俗"、喧闹的渔港风情等串成一线。索道引进索道王国--奥地利多贝玛亚公司90年代最新技术，这是一条极人性化的索道，采用单线循环可脱挂式的抱索器使得老弱病残均无上下不易之虞，最快速度6米/秒，使游客到达景区时间仅需7分钟，单边最大运力610人/小时，个性化的4人半敞开式吊厢舒适而美观，并且实现了全线计算机监控管理。迎着徐徐的清爽海风放眼四望，海阔天高，青山、碧水，沙滩、椰林和脚下迷人的滨海渔港风情尽收眼底。

5篇介绍海南南湾猴岛的导游词范文(三)

各位游客朋友，大家好!日益发达的城市，带给我们的是拥挤的人潮，让我们喘但是气的压力。我们总期望有那么一处地方能够让我们放下手中的一切，回归大自然，重新找回人与自然和谐相处的乐趣。所以，我们这天将要前去游览的就是四季花果飘香，猕猴生息繁衍的理想之地——南湾猴岛。

南湾猴岛是世界唯一的一个热带岛屿型猕猴保护区，它位于陵水县的最南端，南非湾猴岛的猕猴，学名叫做恒河猴，属于灵长类动物。此刻在我们的岛上一共有28群20xx多只生灵自由自在的生活着。

在我们的猴岛上，猴子才是我们真正的“主人”，我们是拜访他们的“客人”，而我们的经营管理者却是“仆人”;这就是猴岛独特的经营理念了——“三人原则”。

南湾猴岛跨海观光索道、猴岛雕塑广场、花果山猕猴游览区、猴杂技表演区及猴演艺场等几个部分所组成。跨海观光索道

如果要进入我们的猴岛，你能够选取乘船或者是观光索道。但是，这2138米中国最长的跨海索道如果不去体验一番，确实会让我们有些许的遗憾。乘坐在索道上，神秘的南湾猴岛、迷人的热带海湾、浓郁的“疍家民俗风情”尽收眼底，带给你的将是不一样的心神感受。猴岛雕塑广场

踏上南湾猴岛，大家首先看到的将会是猴岛雕塑广场。看到是一只猴子正坐在达尔文的《物种起源》捧着人的头盖骨在思考。这个雕塑但是是美国著名的红色资本家哈默博士送给前苏联领导人列宁的礼品雕塑的复制品。他也在告诉着我们：人类要学会遵守自然法则，学会尊敬自然，否则日益发达的现代礼貌不光要毁灭自然，也必毁于人类本身。花果山猕猴游览区

观赏完雕塑，大家就会去来到花果山猕猴游览区与可爱的生灵来次亲密接触吧。在那里你能够看到由猴队长的带领下高举旗帜可爱猕猴，这是他们欢迎远道而来的客人的一种个性的方式，是不是很搞笑呢?而在猕猴的水上乐园——“浴圣池”里你能够看到在五星级游泳池的猴子们或潜水、或游泳、或高楼跳水的猕猴们正在像游客们展示他们的能耐。如果你想和可爱的猴子们亲密无间的合上一张影，不妨买上一包食粮，这些富有灵性的猴子便会批准你和它们合影了。猴杂技表演区

如果说我们在花果山猕猴游览区看到的是充满“野性”的猕猴，而在我们的猴杂技表演区你就能够看到充满“人性”的生灵。在那里，你能看到有很高模仿力的猴儿们为你奉献的精美大餐，它们在驯化师的带领下，表演各种高难度的杂技，绝对会让大家为之震惊。猴演艺场

如果这些还不能使你情绪舒畅、捧腹大笑，那就让我们一齐来到会带给我们更多欢乐的猴演艺场吧。这些经过挑选的极具表演天赋、相貌俊俏、身材一流的猕猴与人共演了一出情景喜剧——《毛毛的一家》，看过之后保证你烦恼全无。

好了，各位游客朋友，我们的旅游车已经驶入我们的景区，大家是不是已经心驰神往，想要与我们的可爱猕猴们玩上一番了呢，那就让我们带上好情绪，一同去体味人与自然和谐共处的乐趣吧!

5篇介绍海南南湾猴岛的导游词范文(四)

朋友们，南湾猴岛是世界唯一的一个热带岛屿型猕猴保护区，它位于了陵水县的最南端，面积有1000公顷，岛上山头连绵起伏，四季花果飘香，是猕猴生息繁衍的理想之地。1965年国家在那里建立"珍贵动物保护区"，使当时只留下5群100多只的猕猴发展到此刻的29群20xx多只，其中有6群小猴与游人十分亲近。在南湾猴岛人们感受到了是人类与猴群、与大自然和谐相处的完美氛围。

南非湾猴岛的猕猴，学名叫做恒河猴，属于灵长类，它的毛是棕色、脸孔是红的，还长了一双蓝眼睛。这些小猴近似于人类，十分聪明、伶俐，在航天、医学、人类起源等方面有着重大的研究价值，猕猴身上的猴枣(猴子受伤流血之后的淤块)是昂贵的药品。

每年的11月到第二年的2月，是母猴的发情期，发情的母猴脸孔个性红。据说猴子的审美标准和人不一样，脸孔越红就越美，猴王就越喜欢。母猴一般一年产一胎或者是三年产两胎。对于自己的小猴，母猴十分地疼爱，不是抱在怀里，就是驮在背上，生怕伤着了小猴，这种伟大的母爱上了岛您自己去观察一下。当小猴子长到两岁之后，小公猴就要离开自己的母亲，过一种流浪的生活，直到它长到七八岁便成熟了，成为一个标准的男子汉，就要向各群体的猴王挑战。猴王权力的象征就是竖起高高的尾巴，其它公猴如果翘尾巴的话，就表示向猴王挑战。猴王争夺战是十分惨烈的，往往血肉横飞，遍体鳞伤，完全是靠实力。胜者为王，败者或被扫地出门或屈居老二。当上猴王是很有好处的，一是吃好的喝好的，二是本群当中的成年母猴都是自己的老婆。跟古代的皇帝差不多，三宫六院的。母猴之间也相互争风吃醋，得宠的成为猴王的爱妃，不得宠的母猴有时便偷偷跑出去约会。所以女游客也别穿得太漂亮了，披红挂绿的让母猴们嫉妒。

每年的11月到第二年的2月，是母猴的发情期，发情的母猴脸孔个性红。据说猴子的审美标准和人不一样，脸孔越红就越美，猴王就越喜欢。母猴一般一年产一胎或者是三年产两胎。对于自己的小猴，母猴十分地疼爱，不是抱在怀里，就是驮在背上，生怕伤着了小猴，这种伟大的母爱上了岛您自己去观察一下。当小猴子长到两岁之后，小公猴就要离开自己的母亲，过一种流浪的生活，直到它长到七八岁便成熟了，成为一个标准的男子汉，就要向各群体的猴王挑战。猴王权力的象征就是竖起高高的尾巴，其它公猴如果翘尾巴的话，就表示向猴王挑战。猴王争夺战是十分惨烈的，往往血肉横飞，遍体鳞伤，完全是靠实力。胜者为王，败者或被扫地出门或屈居老二。当上猴王是很有好处的，一是吃好的喝好的，二是本群当中的成年母猴都是自己的老婆。跟古代的皇帝差不多，三宫六院的。母猴之间也相互争风吃醋，得宠的成为猴王的爱妃，不得宠的母猴有时便偷偷跑出去约会。所以女游客也别穿得太漂亮了，披红挂绿的让母猴们嫉妒。人小陔住在陆地，青壮年在渔排上生活。待会儿大家乘坐亚洲最长的跨海索道的时候，能够清清楚楚地看到那片著名的海上村落，鱼虾活蹦乱跳，人们忙忙碌碌，一派生机盎然的景象，海面上还有一些小船，来来往往，运

送着人和货物，运走垃圾。还有一些大船，不甘心守着这个蓝色的家园，是要出海打渔的，一出门就是一两个月。一条大船价值10多20万元，往往就是所有的家当，而大海的脾气又是最喜怒无常的，为了祈求平安，蛋家人将祖先的牌位供在驾驶舱里，将玳瑁的鳞片挂在身上，盼望一路顺风并且有好的收成。

5篇介绍海南南湾猴岛的导游词范文(五)

南湾猴岛景区四序绿树成荫，风物奇丽，景致迷人，是古陵水“八景之一”。

到南湾猴岛观猴，其趣无限。岛上之猴，有几群已被驯化。你可觉得它们照相，也可和它们合影。观猴最佳时候是打点职员喂食之时，哨笛一响，满山树摇草动，猕猴们有的连蹦带跳，有的在树上陆续串腾跃秋千，一眨眼工夫便荟萃完毕，一边争吃，一边唧唧咕咕地打闹，千姿百态。假如不是在喂食时刻上岛也不要紧，只要你在观猴园前买一两袋花水果等食品，猴们便很愿意和你交伴侣，会以十二分热情和主动来接管你的敬意。值得你留意的是这些猴子猴孙不喜好诱骗举动。若是你竟想“逞猴”，只亮食品而不喂给它吃，可能看到握拳亮开的是白手掌，那么，猴就会向你，吡牙咧嘴大呼，可能飞快地向你扑来，会让你大吃一惊。

旅客能够浏览到令人捧腹的猴艺小品、布满灵性的马戏演出，还能够与猴子合影留念，亲昵打仗，别有一番情趣，高空缆车既便利了旅客进岛出岛，觉得旅客带给了一个明确海南椰风海韵的全新视角。另外南湾猴岛的迎接办法也在不绝完美，新增进的环保型电瓶车，装修改革后的船只与索道相共同，使旅客收支岛极为便利，南湾猴岛已成为海南旅游市场产物的一个重要构成部门。

各位朋友、各位来宾：大家好!

欢迎来到铁塔公园参观游览，希望通过我的导游讲解能使大家更多的了解开封、了解铁塔。

开封是我国历史文化名城，七大古都之一，历史上曾有七个朝代在此建都，并且市区城中有水，水中有城，素有“北方水城”的美誉。悠久的历史和灿烂的文化使得开封的旅游资源十分丰富，在众多的文物古迹中，铁塔作为开封的象征展示着古城人民的睿智和坚强，开封人都以拥有铁塔而感到自豪。

铁塔公园是国家AAAA级风景旅游区，百家名园之一，坐落在开封城的东北隅，总面积为37.24公顷。园内的主要景点有：“天下第一塔”石碑、盆景苑、灵感院、接引殿、铁塔、铁塔文物陈列馆、何公轩、开封古城墙，以及月季园、上方苑、竹园、铁塔湖等等，铁塔公园集文物古迹、园林艺术为一体，一展风姿，广迎四方游客。

铁塔一带古时是一座佛教寺院，最初建于北齐天宝十年〈559年〉，名独居寺。唐代，开元十七年〈720年〉唐玄宗东封泰山归来，途经汴洲，在独居寺旁设行宫作短暂休息时，游幸独居寺，下诏改独居寺为封禅寺。到了北宋时期，宋太祖赵匡胤于开宝三年〈970年〉以北宋开宝年号，改其名为开宝寺。在此前后，北宋朝廷连年拨款扩建开宝寺寺院，使开宝寺规模宏伟，殿堂壮丽，斋舍完备，僧侣众多。内部划分为二百八十区，设有福胜院，上方院，等觉院，永安院，双林院，仁王院等二十四禅院，成为京城最大寺院之一，和大相国寺共同分辖东京各寺院僧侣，当时京师立左右街僧录，左街相国寺，右街开宝寺，同为首都佛教寺院领袖，加之北宋历代皇帝时常到寺院内游幸，祈祷和宴享，并在很长一段时期内，在寺内设礼部贡院，考试全国举子，故而寺院名声大噪，成为宋代闻名遐迩的皇家寺院，在国际佛教界影响巨大，同国际间的佛事活动往来很多，开宝寺进入历史上鼎盛时期。其规模宏阔、巍峨壮丽，加之北宋历代皇帝时常游幸、祈祷，故而寺院名声大噪，成为宋代闻名遐迩的巨刹。但因历代战乱和黄河多次冲淹，开宝巨刹如同当时的氤氲烟火一样，早已荡然无存，当我们登铁塔观行云之际，不能不激起对往夕开宝寺盛观的遐想。

铁塔始建于北宋皇佑元年(公元1049年)，原名开宝寺塔，高55.63米，八角十三层，因其通体镶嵌褐色琉璃砖，颜色近似铁色，从元代起，民间俗称为“铁塔”。铁塔以精湛绝妙的建筑艺术和宏伟秀丽的身姿而驰名中外，是目前我国最高大、历史最悠久、保存最完整的一座琉璃砖塔，1961年我国首批公布的国家级重点保护文物，享有“天下第一塔”的美称。1994年12月15日中国邮电部发行了一套四张的中国古塔特种邮票，分别为：“西安慈恩寺大雁塔”、“泉州开元寺镇国塔”、“杭州开化寺六和塔”、“开封佑国寺塔”。其中面值最高(2元)的开封佑国寺塔就是铁塔。

铁塔原建于夷山之上，后来由于黄河泥沙沉积，将夷山及塔基淤没。据《如梦录》载，基座辟有南北二门，向南一门匾曰：“天下第一塔”。基座下有一八棱方池;背面有小桥跨池而过，由小桥进北门入塔。由此可以想见，当年铁塔如同一株破水而出的芙蓉，亭亭玉立，更使塔身外观出落得挺拔灵秀，瑞丽舒展。如果大家仔细地观察铁塔会发现，铁塔并非是垂直于地面而建，而是微向东南方向倾斜，这就要追朔到铁塔的前身。铁塔未建之前，在开宝寺福胜院内，曾仿照天宫的形状，建有一座纯木结构的佛塔—灵感木塔。后人视它为铁塔的前身，也有人称它为铁塔的母塔。为供奉从吴越国领地杭州迎取的佛舍利，宋太宗于太平兴国七年(982年)开始筹建开宝寺木塔，筹建的木塔决定建于开宝寺的福胜院内，负责设计和监造的是当时著名的木工喻浩。喻浩：浙东人，虚心善学，技艺超群曾任杭州都料匠，史书上称他“有巧思，超流辈”著有《木经》三卷，是我国古代重要的木工专著，惜其散失，今已不存。喻浩督造的开宝寺塔，八角十三层，高360尺，上安千佛万菩萨塔下作天宫奉安佛舍利，历时八年，终于端拱二年〈989年〉竣工落成。据记载：“塔初成，望其不正，而势倾西北，人怪而问之，浩曰：“京师地平无山多西北风，吹之不过百年当正也”。由此可见他的用意精细，谋筹深远。此塔极其伟丽，在京师诸塔中最高，且制度甚精。“其土木之宏伟，金碧之炳耀，自佛法入中国，未之有也”，被赞为“一时之盛观”、“天下之冠”、“巨细精巧，近代所无”，喻浩也因此被喻为“造塔鲁班”之称。后人对建造开宝寺木塔作出重大贡献的喻浩和郭忠恕多有赞叹曰：“郭家画本千秋重，喻皓神功一代殊”。开宝寺木塔因建造在开宝寺的福胜院内，故初名“福胜塔”，宋真宗天宝祥符六年〈1020年〉，“有金光出相〈即塔顶铜宝珠放光〉车驾临幸，舍利乃现，固赐名灵感塔”。可惜喻浩设计建造的这座华美绝伦的灵感木塔仅存世56年，就于宋仁宗庆历四年〈1049年〉六月遭雷击而焚毁了。到了皇佑元年，宋仁宗下诏在距此不远的夷山上，仿照木塔的样式，改用琉璃砖，建造了我们今天所看到的这座铁色琉璃砖塔。

铁塔塔身挺拔，装饰华丽，层层开设明窗，其余皆为盲窗。明窗取向不同，一层北，二层南，三层西，四层东，依此类推。设计明窗，除有采光、通风、瞭望之用，还能减缓强风对塔身的冲击力。远看近观，铁塔仿佛是一座木塔，玲珑剔透，精湛绝妙。塔砖以许多形状大小各异的“结构砖”相组合。这些结构砖，就像经过斧凿的木料一样，有榫、有眼，组装起来，严密合缝。铁塔外壁镶嵌的花纹砖有五十余种，花纹图案包括飞天、降龙、麒麟、坐佛、玉佛、菩萨、狮子、伎乐、花卉等，造型优美，精妙生动，具有鲜明的宋代艺术风格，这些砖是研究北宋雕刻艺术和塑造艺术的精品。铁塔内有砖砌登道，绕塔心柱盘旋而上，历一百六十八层台阶可至塔顶。登到第五层，可以看到城内景色;登到第七层，可以看到城外原野;登到第九层，可以看到浩瀚奔腾的黄河，领略到黄河号称“天河”的含义;登到第十二层，则祥云缠绕，云雾扑面，似入太空幻景。此即著名的古开封汴京八景之一的“铁塔行云”。诗曰：“浮图千尺十三层，高插云霄客倦登。润彩氤氲疑锦绣，行人迢递见觚棱。半空铁马风摇铎，万朵莲花夜放灯。我昔凭高穿七级，此身烟际欲飞腾。”每当风度云穿时，环挂在塔身檐下的每层八个共一百零四个铁铃悠然而动，叮当作响，更让人心旷神怡、留连忘返。

粗壮的塔心柱是支撑塔壁，抵御外力的核心部分。各种不同用途的外壁砖瓦构件通过登道与塔心柱紧密衔接，异常坚牢，浑然一体，具有很强的抗震能力。九百多年来，铁塔历经地震、暴风、水患，特别是1938年5月，日本用大炮对铁塔进行轰炸，北面从第四层至十三层的各级檐角、塔壁遭受到不同程度的毁坏，但仍巍然屹立。1952年10月30日，毛先生来汴视察黄河时，顺便游览了铁塔和龙亭。陪同毛先生游览的原河南省委书记吴芝圃，在塔侧向毛先生介绍说：“塔上的大窟窿是1938年日军侵占开封时，用大炮打的。”毛先生回答说：“这个铁塔名不虚传，代表我们中国人民是打不倒的，他们把它打不倒，我们把它修起来。”领袖的一番赞扬，是对铁塔精神品质的高度概括。在1956年和1957年对铁塔进行了一次全面最大的修复。

参观完铁塔，请大家跟随我参观公园的另一处文物景点：接引殿。接引殿建于1985年，里面供奉着宋金时期的珍贵文物：接引佛。大家现在看到的这尊高大慈悲的站佛，就是西方极乐世界的阿弥陀佛，俗称“接引佛”。这尊高大的接引佛像，是北宋开宝寺遗留下来的珍贵文物。全铜铸造，身高5.14米，重12吨，赤足站立，胸前铸有象征吉祥的万字符号。穿有山水云朵花纹的袈裟法衣。左手横胸是将佛教徒送往西方极乐世界，右手下垂是以此宝手接引众生。最上方有一“光明无量”的匾额。周围四根柱子上写有两副楹联：一为“诸恶莫做，众善奉行，已了如来真实意。四大本空，五蕴非有，是为波罗密多心。”一为“四十八愿普被群机，冻定万修万人去。二十五有同生正信，合当一念一如来。”佛像周围的殿壁上绘制有大型壁画“西方净土变”，上有佛像七十多尊，图中有慈眉善目的菩萨，婀娜多姿的彩女，手托花盘的仙娥，舞姿轻盈的飞天等，锦衣广带，彩涤飘飞，笙箫婉转，鹤舞鹿鸣，一派温馨和谐的天国景象。

除了文物古迹，园内还有盆景苑、灵感院、竹园、上方苑、赏心园、梅园等多处景点，把江南园林和北方园林，中国古典园林和现代园林的风格巧妙的融为一体，亭台楼阁、小桥流水，花草树木相映成趣，一步一景，步移景变，美不胜收，构成了意境深远的游览空间。

各位朋友、来宾，铁塔的游览活动就要结束了，希望铁塔能给您留下美好的回忆。

谢谢您!再见!

昆明是一座资源富聚、山川秀美、民族风情绚丽多彩的旅游城市。这里四季如春，鲜花烂漫，风光旖旎，在世界上享有“春城”的美誉。优越的地理、气候条件，也吸引了西伯利亚的红嘴鸥远道而来，每到冬季，人鸥嬉戏、和谐共处已成为春城的一大景观。游在昆明，湖光、山色、花潮、云影，让人如痴如醉，流连忘返。

金马坊——碧鸡坊——翠湖——袁嘉谷旧居——昆明老街(共5处景点)

金马碧鸡坊位于昆明市中心三市街与金碧路汇处，东坊临金马山而名为金马坊，西坊靠碧鸡山而名为碧鸡坊，是昆明的象征。金马碧鸡坊始建于明朝宣德年间，至今已有近四百年的历史。金马碧鸡坊的独特之处，在于某个特定的时候，会出现“金碧交辉”的奇景。金马碧鸡坊是昆明的招牌，来昆明旅游的朋友，一定要来看看。这里有许多出售银饰、茶叶的摊位，价格公道合理。

翠湖位于市区五华山西麓，是城区的中心观光点。因其八面水翠，四季竹翠，春夏柳翠，故称“翠湖”。 翠湖-红嘴鸥元朝以前，滇池水位高，这里还属于城外的小湖湾，多稻田、菜园、莲池、故称“菜海子”。湖内多种茶花。

沿着翠湖步行，可以抵达袁嘉谷旧居，翠湖是昆明市民休闲的首选地，节假日游览翠湖人较多，游船是比较不错的选择。

“昆明老街”——昆明这座历史文化名城唯一保留下来的一片原汁原味的老街区，是昆明市面积最大、保存清代和民国时期特色民居建筑、商铺建筑最多的片区，具有较高的历史价值、文化价值和老昆明情感价值。同样的这里的一些旅游纪念品也只得购买，注意砍价。

朋友们，我们今天游览的目的地，就是素有雄、险、奇、秀于一体的太行大峡谷。

太行大峡谷位于林滤山中，说起来古名隆滤山。东汉延平元年(公元120_年)避殇帝刘隆名讳而改名林滤山，主体就是位于河南、河北、山西三省交界处的林州市境内的南太行山，整个山体南北长74公里，东西宽29公里，总面积1760平方公里。

林滤山奇峰林立，山势嵯峨，崖谷密布，瀑布高悬，共有大小山峰7658座，大型幽谷7845条，造就了许多奇特的自然景观和人文景观。这里现存古长城遗址1处，古塔9座，洞窟5处，石刻造像300多尊，其中省级文物保护单位9处，县级文物保护单位7l处。这里森林茂密、古树参天，水溪潭池、飞瀑银花，重岩叠嶂、姿态万千，构成了一幅幅变幻无穷的山水风景名胜图。

太行大峡谷是林滤山的一颗明珠，是旅游观光的胜地。它群山环绕，山峦重叠，青山流水，森林葱郁。景区的主要景点有：太行之魂王相岩，三九冰雪桃花开的桃花谷，三伏酷暑冰凌挂的太极冰山，还有红旗渠的第二母亲--太行平湖、亚洲最好的国际滑翔基地等

朋友，在我们的正前方山头上，可以看到一个巨大的壑口，这便是闻名退还的鲁班壑，也逝代山前通往石板岩乡和山西平顺县的惟一通道。

这里地势险要，海拔1172米，横宽110米，200余米高的绝壁耸立两侧，有一夫当关，万夫莫开之势。在太行隧道未修通以前，石板岩乡的老百姓要想到县城，只能肩挑手提爬过这1000多米高的壑口，非常艰难。

各位旅客，大家好！很高兴能够成为你们的导游，我的服务希望能够给你们带来方便，带来快乐！现在，你们看到的是：河北承德避暑山庄，这个景点已被收入《世界遗产名录》。

避暑山庄又名承德离宫或热河行宫，位于河北省承德市中心北部，是清代皇帝夏天避暑和处理政务的场所。避暑山庄建于1703年，历经清朝三代皇帝：康熙、雍正、乾隆，耗时约90年建成。避暑山庄分宫殿区、湖泊区、平原区、山峦区四大部分。宫殿区位于湖泊南岸，地形平坦，是皇帝处理朝政、举行庆典和生活起居的地方，占地十万平方米，由正宫、松鹤斋、万壑风和东宫四组建筑组成。湖泊区在宫殿区的北面，湖泊面积包括州岛约占43公顷，有8个小岛屿，将湖面分割成大小不同的区域，层次分明，州岛错落，碧波荡漾，富有江南鱼米之乡的特色。

山庄的建筑布局大体可分为宫殿区和苑景区两大部分，苑景区又可分为湖区、平原区和山区三部分。内有康熙乾隆钦定的72景。拥有殿、堂、楼、馆、亭、榭、阁、轩、斋、寺等建筑100余处。它最大的特色是山中有园，园中有山。避暑山庄与北京紫荆城相比，避暑山庄以朴素淡雅的山村野趣为格调，去自然山水之本色，吸收江南塞北之风光，成为中国现存占地最大的古代帝王宫苑。

避暑山庄及周围寺庙是一个紧密关联的有机整体，同时又具有不同风格的强烈对比，避暑山庄山清水秀，周围寺庙金碧辉煌。这是清帝处理民族关系重要举措之一。由于存在众多群体的历史文化遗传，是避暑山中及周围寺庙成为全国重点文化保护单位、全国十大名胜和四十四处风景名胜保护区之一，承德也因此成为全国首批二十四座历史文化名城。

游了一天的承德避暑山庄，希望这次旅游能给大家留下深刻印象！

The Red Stone Canyon, which is a rare canyon sight in north China withwaterfalls, lakes, pools and gullies, is highly acclaimed by gardening expertsas a “natural gallery for mountain and river collections” because of its grandand exclusive landscapes. The most splendid waterfall in the canyon is theBailong Waterfall, divided into three falls, measuring 30 meters in height. Itlooks as shiny as a huge silver dragon. A good place for waterfall watching isthe Heilong (Black Dragon) Cave, which is as long as 30 meters with absolutedarkness inside. Standing in the cave, you can not only see the marvelous fallsdashing down into the deep pools but also the perilous high stiffs, narrowlyseparated from each other by fast-flowing gullies so that the sky is scarcelyvisible. The spring water flowing down the cliffs splashes into water drops thatdazzle in the sunlight like colorful diamonds, looking like a unique picturehanging on the wall. Yuntai Mountain is famous for its grotesque hill, whichextends as far as eyes can see. The main peak, Cornel Peak, is 1308m above thesea level.It is said to be famous for a poem by a famous poet in the TangDynasty called Wang Wei, who worked out a popular poem when he climbed up themountain. The poem Thinking of My Brothers in Mountain Climbing Day fullyconveys his emotion of missing friends. Mounting to the mountain top and lookingfar into the distance, you can see the Yellow River winding like a silver belt.Having a bird view of the foot of the mountain, you can see chains of peaks likesea waves. The weather on the top is often unpredictable. All at once cloudsgather and wind blows,

with mist rising among the mountains. The mountains looming in the mist andclouds look so vague that you feel as if you were in a fairy world. Also, It hadbeen the secluded place of seven Bamboo Forest Sages of the Wei and the JinPeriod. Medicine King, Sun Simiao, once collected Chinese medicine here. Manyhistorical stories are spreading in the area related to some fames once visitedhere. Yuntai Mountain is famous for its numerous rivers, lakes, pools andsprings. Here we can see the highest waterfall in the country---- YuntaiSkyscraper Waterfall, which is 314 meters high like a huge pillar, reminds us ofa famous peom of Libai“ The waters puring down from thousands above of themountain, like the silver river dropping down from top of the heaven”. It looksespecially magnificent, forming a unique spectacle along with other waterfalls,such as the Tianmen Waterfall, Bailong Waterfall, Huanglong Waterfall andY-shaped Waterfall, dashing abruptly downward. Well,next spot for us is theQinglong Canyon here, renowned as “First Canyon in Central China”, attracts manypeople for ecological touring for its mild climate, rich water resources andvarious vegetations.

The Garden of Market in Qingming Festival Now we’re leading our way to thecity of Kaifeng. Kaifengis one of the 8 major ancient capitals of China. Thecity of Kaifeng was already in existence before 700 B.C. During the period ofWarring States more than 2,000 years ago, King Hui of the State of Wei moved hiscapital to Kaifeng, rebuilt the city and called it Daliang. Since then, Kaifengwas the capital of several dynasties. As an ancient capital, Kaifeng has a lotof historical relics and scenic spots. Some of them have been preserved, such asthe iron Pagoda, Po Pagoda, Xiangguo Monastery, Dragon Pavilion. They areprecious heritages of the Chinese culture. The famous painting Qingming Scrollis believed by some to portray daily life in Kaifeng. The painting, of whichseveral versions are extant, is attributed to the Song Dynasty artist ZhangZeduan. Have you ever dreamed of going back to Northern Song Dynasty in Chinaand enjoy the prosperity and culture of those years? If so, come to the Gardenof Market in Qingming Festivallocated in the old city of Kaifeng in HenanProvince. Find yourself in the spectacular scenery there and you are sure torealize that dream. The Garden of Market in Qingming Festival located on thewestern bank of Longting Lake is a grand cultural garden. It covers an area of600 mu, and the construction area is more than 30,000 square meters .The builtarea consists of several architectural complexes which are re-creations based onthe famous twelfth century painting by Zhang Zeduan of The Qingming Festival bythe Riverside.

When you enter the Garden of Market in Qingming Festival, a statue which is16 meters tall comes into view. This figure is none other than the artist ZhangZeduan, who holds his famous drawing of The Qingming Festival by theRiverside. This picture is a painted scroll which is 525 cm in length and 25.5cm in width depicting life along Bian River during the Qingming Festival. Thescenes in this painting are highly detailed and the spectacle is magnificent.There are large numbers of people and buildings. The people are shown in avariety of contemporary clothes that indicate their social standing andoccupations. The lively throng includes many animals and it is not difficult toimagine the sounds in the street scenes where the people are crowded and noisy.We can almost hear someone’s bargaining with a shop owner while others arecheering entertainers. The picture is like a live symphony of life during theSong Dynasty.

Now we can find these scenic spots such as City Gate Tower, Rainbow Bridge,distinctive shops and others which are re-created in the Park according to thescenes in the painting. The Garden of Market in Qingming Festival not onlyreappears the vast vigor of the Millennium Picture, but also makes the historyliving by flexible creative idea, makes tourists the sense of backward flowingtime by entering the park, just like passing through the space tunnel. Anotherscenic spot called Rainbow Bridge is a well-known feature in the Park. It is areplica of one of the ten ancient timber bridges. The bridge is 5 meters high.The first bridge was built in 1050, and reconstructed in 1998. Four 9 metershigh columns, two at either end of the bridge, replicate the poles that wereweather vanes at the time of the Song Dynasty. A white crane sits on a disk atthe top of each column and they turn to face into the wind, indicating itsdirection. As a scenic spot for folk-custom tours, Chinese authorities have donea lot to preserve folk handcrafts and folk customs. You can see the process ofmaking handicrafts, such as Bian embroidery, paintings for new years, enamelwares, tea ceremony, spinning and weaving, figures made from flour and sugar andfolk-custom performances, such as acrobatics, folk arts and performances ofbirds, fighting cocks and dogs. Here, you are not only a visitor, but an actor.For example, you can act as Mr. Right in the competition for marrying Mr. Wang’sbeautiful daughter and have the opportunity to enjoy the traditional weddingfestivities. And you can be the No.1 Scholar in the imperial examination tobring honor to your ancestors. There is a large amusement hall built in the Songstyle, where many amusement activities are held, including swings, balance beamsand many other amusements. As an ecological scenic spot, this garden was builtand forested according to the Market Day During the QingMing Festival. The wholegarden combines natural beauty with historical flavor, thus forming a favorableplace to have a true rest and evoke your full energy both physically andspiritually.

Yin Ruins Yin Ruins is at Xiaotun Village of Anyang City. In ancient times,Xiaotun was called Yin and it was the capital of the Shang Dynasty. So theperiod was also called Yin Shang. After the Yin had been overthrown, the citydeclined and the remains of it was later called the Yin Ruins. Since thefounding of new China, the Yin Ruins had been listed as the first group ofcultural relics under national protection. In order to preserve its culture, thegovernment built “Garden of the Yin Ruins” on the site. Today the garden isdivided into several sections with ancient objects on display. Because of itsgreat value in not only the historical relics of Chinese culture but also thehuman civilization of the whole world, Yin Xu topped the 100 GreatestArcheological Discoveries of China in the last century and it was listed in theWorld Cultural and Natural Heritage List of United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Yin Xu is revealing its beauty tothe world.

OK, everybody. Soon we’ll get to the Museum on Yin Ruins, the best museumfor the study of the Yin Shang Culture. The Yin Ruins is famous for threethings,i.e.the oracle inscriptions, the bronze wares and the ancient capital ofthe Shang Dynasty. As you know, China is one of the earliest countries todiscover characters. As early as 4,000 years ago, people used bones or tortoiseshells to record events of their social life. It is the earliest written form oflanguage in the world. Today we call them the oracle bone inscriptions, whichwere first discovered in the Yin Ruins. Well,let’s come to the main hall wherethe oracle inscriptions are exhibited. The oracle bone inscriptions were firstdiscovered during the years of Emperor GuangXu, in the Qing Dynasty. In 1899, inXiao Tun Village of Anyang City, Henan Province, villagers found many tortoiseshells and bones carved with letters and symbols, which unveiled to the worldfrom Yin Xu, an ancient city with a long history and splendid culture.Then morethan 16,000 pieces of bones and shells were found. But in the Shang Dynasty,they were used as divinations, when people were very superstitious. Theinscriptions cover a wide range of fields, such as sacrifice, wars, stateaffairs, weather, hunting, etc. Today, they provide important information forthe study of the Shang Dynasty. And the study of the oracle bone inscriptionshas become a new subject and is getting more popular among people. Since

then this place has become of great interest to worldwide archeologists,because those inscriptions have proved to be the earliest written characters ofhuman beings, the Oracles. Apart from the oracle bone inscriptions, bronze waresare another important part of the cultural relics discovered from the Ruins,which show that the technology of bronze casting reached its peak in the ShangDynasty. The bronze wares include vessels, weapons,chariots and so on. Among allthe unearthed wares, SimuwuQuadripod unearthed in the mausoleum area of the YinRuins, the largest and the most famous bronze sacrificial vessel in the world,is 875 kg in weight, 133 cm in height. Standing on the open plaza in front ofthe great hall is an enlarged copy of the original one for the convenience oftouring and appreciation, with the original one cherished in the Museum ofChinese History. With its unusual air of majesty, together with its elegance inappearance and intricately carved in patterns, it is considered a treasure inthe bronze culture of China as well as a glorious pearl shining on the peak ofthe world art. To cast such a significant vessel carrying such a great weight,advanced techniques and experiences in organization of laborers are necessary.As many scholars have pointed out, this huge bronze quadripod reflects theadvanced slavery system of the Shang Dynasty and the unusual power of creationof the people. Finally we come to the side of the imperial palaces and tombs.Lying on the southwest of the Foundation Ruins C, Fuhao Tomb is one of the mostimportant archeology discoveries in the temple. It is also the only discoveredand well-reserved tomb of Shang royal members since the science excavation ofYin Ruins. Now, let’s know something about the first woman general in Chinesehistory.FuHao was Emperor Wu Ding’s wife,both intelligent and courageous. Shehad bravely led the Yin army fighting in many wars and made great contributionsto the protecting of the country. After her death, Wu Ding built a large tombnear the palace to honor her merits. Buried together with her were many slavesand war prisoners as well assacrificial objects. The large numbers ofsacrificial objects are valuable cultural relics in the treasure house ofChinese art.

Dear tourists, the scenic spot we are going to visit is the Ming XiaolingMausoleum, which is located in Dulong, Mt. Zijin. Xiaoling Tomb of the MingDynasty is the joint Tomb of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, andhis Empress Ma Shi. Zhu Yuanzhang was born in 1328 to a poor peasant family inFengyang, Anhui Province. He joined Huangjue temple at the age of 17, joined thered scarf army of Guo Zixing at the end of the Yuan Dynasty in 1352, led thearmy to conquer Nanjing in 1356, and ascended the throne in 1368.

Xiaoling Mausoleum of Ming Dynasty was built in 1381. In 1382, it wasburied in empress Ma Shi. In 1398, it was buried here after Zhu Yuanzhang diedof illness. The project was not completed until 1413. It was named Xiaolingbecause Zhu Yuanzhang advocated "governing the world with filial piety" on theone hand, and because empress Ma was posthumously named "Xiaoci" on the other.Therefore, the tomb was called "Xiaoling" in the Ming Dynasty and "Xiaoling" inthe Qing Dynasty to show the difference between dynasties.

Relying on Zijin Mountain, the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum has a windingShinto. The mausoleum abides by the tradition of Chinese architecture, and itscentral axis is symmetrical. It is the first Mausoleum of Baocheng Baoding. Themausoleum shape of the former dynasty and the later Dynasty is the firstMausoleum of the Ming and Qing Dynasties for more than 600 years. As a nationalkey cultural relic protection unit, it was listed in the world cultural heritagelist in 20__.

What we see now is the first gate of the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum, dajinmen.In those days, a 45 Li external wall extended from both sides of dajinmen,including the whole Zijinshan.

The roof and gate of the old golden gate, which was covered with yellowglazed tiles, have disappeared. Only the castle and the three arches.

Over the golden gate, we came to Sifang city. It turned out to be a stelePavilion. Because the top of the pavilion was destroyed by the war in XianfengPeriod of Qing Dynasty, only four walls and four door tickets were left. Eachside is 26.86 meters long, just like an ancient castle. So Nanjing peoplecommonly call it Sifang city. There is a tablet of "the miraculous work of theXiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty" in the city, which is 6.7 meters highIts 2.08 meters high and called Mian. Its said that its one of the nine sonsof the dragon. Its very heavy. This tablet is the largest Ming tablet inNanjing. The inscription is written by Zhu Di, the founder of the Ming Dynasty.It has 2746 words and is divided into seven parts. First, it describes his lifeexperience and was born in Jurong family. Second, it asks for the peoplesorders and makes a great fortune. Third, it calms down the world, ascends thethrone and becomes emperor, cezhonggong and the crown prince, and is granted thesame surname. Fourth, it abolishes Zhongshu and sets up six departments to takecharge of military power. Fifth, it attaches importance to talents and the studyof founding a nation; 6、 He lived a simple life, and asked him to be buried withMa after his death in Xiaoling; 7. The name of 57 royal children and 144 fourcharacter eulogies, the inscription is a high praise of Zhu Yuanzhangs life.The completion of the monument of the great Ming Xiaoling was in 1413, whichmarks the end of the Ming Xiaoling project. Behind Zhu Dis great contributionto Zhu Yuanzhang, in fact, he built up his own prestige in Dashu, so as to showthe legitimacy of inheriting the throne. He originally sent tens of thousands ofmigrant workers to chisel a huge stele in the eastern suburb of Nanjing. If thecap, body and base of the stele were 72 meters high, they were too huge tocarry, so they were abandoned.

After passing the Yuhe bridge, we come to the Shinto of the XiaolingMausoleum of the Ming Dynasty. The Shinto is divided into two sections. Thefirst section is Shixiang road. On both sides of the road, there are six kindsof Stone Beasts, four in each group, standing on both sides and squatting onboth sides. Kirin is the king of animals, symbolizing the majesty of kings, andChina _ s legendary law beast, symbolizing the integrity of kings; camels arethe boats of the desert, showing the vast territory of Ming Dynasty and thetranquility of the western regions of the country; the elephant is a symbol ofthe country and the people, and the people are obedient; the unicorn is a kindof monster of Chinese mythology and legend, symbolizing the benevolence of theemperor. The last animal to see is a horse, which symbolizes loyalty to theemperor. The main purpose of placing these stone beasts on both sides of theShinto is to record Zhu Yuanzhangs achievements, to show the prosperity of theMing Dynasty, and to pray for the suppression of demons and evil spirits.

Walking along the stone statue Road, the second section of Shinto,wengzhong Road, lies ahead. There is a pair of pillar at the intersection, whichis also called Huabiao. The Shinto standing in front of the mausoleum is alsocalled lingbiao. There is the function of indicating the road here. From here,Shinto begins to turn due north. On wengzhong Road, there were two pairs ofmilitary generals, who were wearing armor and holding a wat board in theirhands. They were burly, and two pairs of civil ministers, who were wearing courtclothes and holding wat boards in their hands, were solemn. They are a pair ofyoung people and a pair of middle-aged people respectively, which indicates thatthere are successors in Daming. At the end of the Shinto Road, there is aLingxing gate with six pillars and three gates. The original gate was destroyedin the war in Xianfeng Period of the Qing Dynasty. Now the Lingxing gate isrestored in 20__ according to historical data. This is the ceremonial gate forvisiting the mausoleum.

On the east side of Shixiang Road, there is a hill called Meihua Mountain.Shinto turns a bend around Meihua Mountain. It turns out that this mountain wasthe mausoleum of Sun Quan in the eastern Wu Dynasty. During the construction ofthe Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty, someone suggested that thismausoleum should be removed. However, Zhu Yuanzhang said, "Sun Quan is also ahero. Let me see the gate." so the Shinto curved and became the natural barrierof the Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty. Now it has become a famous plumappreciation base in Nanjing.

Now we see the Jinshui bridge. Behind the Jinshui bridge is the mausoleumbuilding of Xiaoling Mausoleum of Ming Dynasty. There were five Jinshui bridgesfacing the five gates of the mausoleum palace, which were destroyed by the warin Xianfeng Period of Qing Dynasty. Only three of them were restored in QingDynasty. We can see that the stone carvings on the bridge deck and bridgefoundation are still relics of Ming Dynasty, and the bridge railings wererebuilt in Qing Dynasty. Starting from here, the building is in accordance withChinese tradition, with the north facing south and the central axissymmetrical.

Up the slope, the first thing we see is the square gate of Wenwu, which isthe gate of the mausoleum palace. Its yellow tile, red door and red wall set offeach other, showing the royal style. This gate was rebuilt in 1988 according tohistorical materials. In front of the gate, on the east side of the wall, thereis a special notice tablet, which was erected in the first year of Xuantong. Itis written in the characters of Japan, Germany, Italy, France, Britain andRussia. The content is to warn visitors to protect Xiaoling.

Entering the Wenwu square gate, we come to the Beidian. The Beidian wasoriginally the gate in front of the Xiaoling hall. Because the gate wasdestroyed in the war of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the destroyed gate wasrebuilt into a Beidian in the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty. There are fiveinscriptions in the hall. In the middle of the five inscriptions, "Zhilong Tangand Song Dynasty" is inscribed in the handwriting of Emperor Kangxi, which meansthat Zhu Yuanzhangs achievements in governing the country surpass those ofEmperor Taizong Li Shimin and Emperor Songtai in the Tang Dynasty Zhao Kuangyin.Kangxi, as the emperor of the Qing Dynasty, showed his respect and admirationfor Zhu Yuanzhang on the one hand, and on the other hand, he had his own goodintentions. At the beginning of the reign of Kangxi, the Han people did notaccept the Manchu rule. Kangxi knew that it was not enough to rely on theManchus high pressure policy alone, but also on the Han people. He visitedXiaoling of Ming Dynasty six times and five times in his life. He knelt downthree times and kowtowed nine times. In 1699, when he visited Xiaoling of MingDynasty for the third time, he wrote "Zhilong Tang and Song Dynasty" to win thehearts of the people. Next to them are two steles inscribed by Emperor Qianlongwhen he visited the mausoleum. There are also two lying steles on the back,which respectively record the first and third visits to Taizu mausoleum duringEmperor Kangxis southern tour. There are records written by Tao Dai, governorof Liangjiang and Cao Yin, weaving doctor in Jiangnan.

This building is the former site of Xiaoling hall, which is the mainbuilding of Xiaoling. You can see the three-story xumizuo platform base of theoriginal white marble. The platform base is three meters high. The four cornersof the three-story platform base are still left with stone carved head. Thereare three steps around the platform base. Its the middle of the road. On thethird floor of xumizuo is the hall of enjoyment, which is dedicated to ZhuYuanzhang and empress ma. The original palace was destroyed by the war inXianfeng Period of the Qing Dynasty. Now we can see 56 huge stone pillars on theplatform foundation, each with a diameter of 0.91 meters. Its easy to imaginehow spectacular the hall was at that time. At that time, the hall of Xiaolingwas nine rooms wide and five rooms deep, with double eaves, covered with yellowglazed tiles and a bucket arch overhanging eaves. The scale of Xiaoling was muchlarger than that of Changling Hall of Ming Chengzu in Beijing. What we see nowis the three Bay small hall restored during the reign of Tongzhi in the QingDynasty, which is not as large as before.

Passing through the inner red gate and the Shengxian bridge, the buildingin front of you is Fangcheng. Fangcheng is a huge building in front of Baoding.The outside is made of big stones and huge bricks. There are eight characterwalls on the East and west sides of Fangcheng. The four corners of the wall aredecorated with brick carvings. These brick carvings are representative works ofthe early Ming Dynasty. Passing through the 54th level corridor in the center ofFangcheng, you can see the south wall of Baocheng. On the front of the wall, youcan see that it is built with 13 layers of stones. It is said that the sevencharacters were engraved in the early years of the Republic of China to answervisitors questions.

From the East-West corridor between Baocheng and Fangcheng, you can climbto the minglou. It was originally a beautiful building with double eaves andyellow glazed tiles. It was destroyed by the war of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdomin the Qing Dynasty. Only four walls are left. In 20__, the minglou protectionproject was completed, and it has been restored. In July 20__, the minglou wasofficially opened to tourists, showing the distribution of Ming Dynasty in ChinaThere are 19 mausoleums of emperors in China.

Behind the Fangcheng is Baoding, which is a large round mound with adiameter of 325-400m. On the top of the mound are towering trees, and below itis the palace where empress Ma of Zhu Yuanzhang was buried. Baocheng is a brickcity with a circumference of 1100 meters around Baoding. The imperial mausoleumin Baoding of Baocheng city is the first mausoleum in Ming and Qing Dynastiesfor more than 500 years. Its just that the Ming Dynastys top is roughly round,while the Qing Dynastys Mausoleums top is oval.

Today, the east side of the Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty haspreserved the site of the Dongling Mausoleum of Zhu Biao, Prince of the MingDynasty.

In ancient China, the imperial mausoleum was originally built in Fangshangof Qin and Han Dynasties. The representative mausoleum was Qinshihuang Mausoleumin Shaanxi Province. In Tang Dynasty, it was changed to the mausoleum near themountain. The representative mausoleum included Tang Qianling Mausoleum of LiZhi, Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty and Empress Wu Zetian of Shaanxi Province.In Song Dynasty, the imperial mausoleum was built in Fangshang of relativelysmall scale. In Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang initiated the mausoleum form ofBaocheng Baoding mausoleum and former dynasty and later Dynasty mausoleum.

The Ming Dynasty established its capital in 1368 and perished in 1644.There were 16 emperors before and after it. Except for the Ming XiaolingMausoleum in Nanjing, the rest of the mausoleums were in Beijing. Only JianwenEmperor Zhu Yunwen had no mausoleum. Many tombs of the Ming Dynasty have left uscountless places to watch.

As the remains of Chinese culture, ancient Chinese mausoleums have leftimportant material materials for later generations to study and understandancient Chinese economy and culture. Dear tourist friends, todays visit iscoming to an end. Thank you for your cooperation in my tour guide work. Welcometo visit Ming Xiaoling again!

省级风景名胜区罗浮山，面积约3平方公里。常年水汽升腾，云雾缭绕，又名浮山。山势陡峭，为砾岩构造，具有喀斯特地貌特征，秀美壮丽，姿态万千。十二峰拔地而起，突兀险峻，石、岩、洞、谷、关，遍布其间，集雄、奇、幽、秀于一身。景观随视角而变化，大有“横看成岭侧成峰”之感，极具有美学观赏价值。林荫蔽日，清幽叠翠，气候宜人，是休闲避暑的胜地，素有“罗浮叠翠”，“安县八景”的美誉。

前山佛教飞鸣禅院，后山道教玉清、天仙而观，历史悠久，香客云集，是朝山拜庙，感受宗教文化的最佳场所。山上有羌族城寨遗址多处，并遗存五百多年前羌族与明王朝交兵的古战场---“羌王城”。太乙洞及竖洞是全国独特的景观。罗浮山集自然资源和人文资源与一处，是川西旅游的一颗璀璨明珠。

神奇的医疗矿水一一罗浮山温泉

罗浮山温泉位于绵阳市安县桑枣镇罗浮山东麓，温泉水产于1500--20xx米井下，储量丰富，品质优良，出口水温45.5度。20xx年7月通过省级鉴定，被命名为含碘、偏硅酸的镭、理、氟、锶、偏硼酸、硫化氢高温医疗热矿水。由于热矿水中含有大量对人体有益的化合物和微量元素，因此具有极高的洗浴、保健、医疗等综合开发利用价值。经临床实践，罗浮山温泉已显示出她所具有的医疗保健功效：舒筋活血、促进血液循环、促进新陈代谢、促进交感神经兴奋、灭菌、杀虫、软化溶解角质、护肤养颜。惊动京、蜀两地的“树皮娃娃”浴疗七天，出现“脱皮”奇迹的 真实故事更增加了她的神秘色彩。自1999年6月24日出水至今，温泉沐浴者已达数万人次，香港亚洲小姐娄茜妮、著名影星岳红、笑星沈伐也曾先后莅临此地。罗浮山温泉神奇的医疗保健功效早已广为流传，被誉为“浮山圣水，人间一绝”!

穿过平桥，您眼前的这座巍峨城门，就是上善门。它是《清明上河图》中浓墨重彩描绘的标志性建筑。现在复原的城门高21.6米，面积1553平方米，门洞就高达8米。城楼上，金碧辉煌的彩绘更显示出它的辉煌与壮观，人们称赞它“勾梁画栋，气宇不凡”。在等级森严的封建社会，连建筑也要分三六九等。从上善门的宏伟气势，就可以看出它的重要地位。公元960年，宋太祖赵匡胤发动陈桥兵变，黄袍加身，建立了北宋王朝之后开始了京城的防务建设。第一步就修建了方圆50里、165步长的城墙，城墙上像上善门这样的城门就有17座之多。在《清明上河图》中，上善门起了分界的作用，恰好把城内的繁华建筑与城外沿河街市一隔为二。

过了城门，我们才算是真正进了城。城门上那些钉也大有讲究，横7竖9，一共63颗，说明这里还不算是最高级的。如果是皇宫大院，那横竖都得是9颗了，一共81颗。因为九是个位数的最大值，古代人把九九八十一看作是阳数之首，所以含有“至尊”的意思，也象征了封建王权的至高无上。更有意思的是，在《清明上河图》的原作中，上善门的前面两个字被作者隐藏了起来，只是点了两个点。不过据史料考证，《清明上河图》所描绘的是东京开封东南部的景象。当时，开封东南有一个下水门;也称东水门，它的北边是通津门，南边就是上善门。东水门的水是从中间穿过城门洞流进城内去的，而《清明上河图》中的河水却是从城门的正前方流过的，由此推断，这座城门应该是上善门。这一论断是否合理，还值得深思。游客朋友如果有兴趣，也可以加入到讨论的队伍中来，我们欢迎您提出宝贵意见。16清明上河园全景

爬上城楼，到全园的最高点去看一看。在那里，您能俯看到景区的全貌。从城楼向西看，

丰富多彩尤其打破了唐代“坊”与“市”的界线，也就是居住区与商业区相分离的制度，坊市合一，相互渗透。人们在居住区就可以进行贸易，不需要再像《木兰辞》中所写的“东市买骏马，西市买鞍鞯，南市买辔头，北市买长鞭”那样东奔西跑了。在这种大环境下，勾栏瓦肆就应运而生了。据史书记载，当时流行的评书、相声、杂技、口技、相扑、傀儡戏、皮影戏、般杂剧、弄虫蚁等民间艺术就在这里表演，所以通俗地说，它就是普通市民的娱乐场所，也可以称得上是现代歌舞剧院的前身。

河南清明上河园导游词3

咱们直走就来到了鸿福寺。北宋时佛教盛行，仅东京开封就有佛寺913座。当时的佛寺分成两种，一种是由皇帝赐匾额的合法佛寺，另一种是没有匾额的非法寺庙。在《清明上河图》中，这里只画了一间山门，一个和尚披着佛衣站在门口，并没有标明寺院的名称。我们建园时，考虑到北宋东京开封香火最盛的是东鸿福寺和西鸿福寺，于是就把西鸿福寺建造在这里。鸿福寺在当时不仅是烧香拜佛的佛寺，也是春天踏青的休闲胜地。元代孟元老《东京梦华录》中第六卷就提到，当时的人们在元宵过后，春天来临之时一定会到鸿福寺等地踏春游玩。

您进寺后，在您右边的东殿是武圣殿，里面供奉着武圣关公;在左侧的西殿是百子堂，供奉着送子观音，正面大殿为观音殿，殿内供奉的佛像是特别请开封大相国寺的高僧开光的，以保佑天下众生。

穿过平桥，您眼前的这座巍峨城门，就是上善门。它是《清明上河图》中浓墨重彩描绘的标志性建筑。现在复原的城门高21.6米，面积1553平方米，门洞就高达8米。城楼上，金碧辉煌的彩绘更显示出它的辉煌与壮观，人们称赞它“勾梁画栋，气宇不凡”。在等级森严的封建社会，连建筑也要分三六九等。从上善门的宏伟气势，就可以看出它的重要地位。公元960年，宋太祖赵匡胤发动陈桥兵变，黄袍加身，建立了北宋王朝之后开始了京城的防务建设。第一步就修建了方圆50里、165步长的城墙，城墙上像上善门这样的城门就有17座之多。在《清明上河图》中，上善门起了分界的作用，恰好把城内的繁华建筑与城外沿河街市一隔为二。

过了城门，我们才算是真正进了城。城门上那些钉也大有讲究，横7竖9，一共63颗，说明这里还不算是最高级的。如果是皇宫大院，那横竖都得是9颗了，一共81颗。因为九是个位数的最大值，古代人把九九八十一看作是阳数之首，所以含有“至尊”的意思，也象征了封建王权的至高无上。更有意思的是，在《清明上河图》的原作中，上善门的前面两个字被作者隐藏了起来，只是点了两个点。不过据史料考证，《清明上河图》所描绘的是东京开封东南部的景象。当时，开封东南有一个下水门;也称东水门，它的北边是通津门，南边就是上善门。东水门的水是从中间穿过城门洞流进城内去的，而《清明上河图》中的河水却是从城门的正前方流过的，由此推断，这座城门应该是上善门。这一论断是否合理，还值得深思。游客朋友如果有兴趣，也可以加入到讨论的队伍中来，我们欢迎您提出宝贵意见。全景爬上城楼，到全园的最高点去看一看。在那里，您能俯看到景区的全貌。从城楼向西看，就是我们下面将带您游览的城内景点。

黄山英文的导游词

Each of the four seasons on Mt. Huangshan has their respective beauty but even this can vary from day to day thanks to variations in the weather, light and shade as clouds pass overhead and even around you at the higher reaches. This endless changing adds an emphasis to the wonder of the landscape and to know the mountain thoroughly, you would need to visit Mt. Huangshan in all the different seasons.

Spring

Mt. Huangshan in spring is like a maiden - all is new, fresh and tender. Spring comes in April but its onset is delayed by three days for every 100 meters as you climb the mountain. Therefore, when wild flowers are brilliant and seedlings are shooting up at its foot, the plants half way up the mountain will be just awakening from their winter sleep and will not exhibit their beauty until a week later. The sound of birdsong is most pleasant in this quietness while you will be enchanted by the color changes as you climb your way up. Spring is probably the most propitious season for visiting Mt. Huangshan and is certainly the best time to view the many waterfalls due to the abundant precipitation.

Summer

It is hard to resist the charm of the cool green mountain sides in summer when an exuberance of plant life covers the valleys and peaks with a green blanket. The green trees and ivy mingle to form natural pavilions where you can sit and refresh yourself while enjoying the beautiful scenery with a cooling breeze to sooth you.

Dawn in summer is most splendid as the rising sun lights the sky and the peaks and the plants and the whole world takes on a brilliant glow. After a storm, Mt. Huangshan becomes a world of water. Numerous streams and waterfalls compose an exciting and vigorous symphony. The Sea of Clouds during this season is not as vast as during autumn or winter but it revels in its brightness. If you are really lucky you will see a vivid rainbow flying over two peaks. Sunset is no less enchanting than sunrise. Mt. Huangshan in summer is the best resort in which to escape high temperatures of southern China.

Tips:

1. July and August are among the peak seasons therefore reservation is a must.

2. It is wise to bring a rainproof jacket with you as the strong wind on the mountain renders an umbrella all but useless and even dangerous.

3. Do not climb the mountain during thunderstorm.

Autumn

Autumn on the mountain is colorful due to the blue sky, white clouds, red maples and yellow fruits. At this time of the year the scenery can be compared with that of spring but with a mature beauty. If spring is like a bud ready to bloom, autumn is a flower showing its last significance before withering. Such is the beauty of the autumn scenery of Mt. Huangshan that it can be seen in many famous Chinese paintings.

Tips:

1.Besides the Golden Week of the National Day (Oct 1st to 7th), September and October are also peak seasons of Mt. Huangshan.

2. Bring with you warm clothes so as not to catch a chill as the temperature variation is significant.

Winter

Snowy Mt. Huangshan is like a crystal palace. Though winter lasts a long time in Huangshan, it is not as cold as you might expect. A poem has it that Mt. Huangshan is beautiful all year round but with the winter scenery being the best. The Sea of Clouds, one of the four wonders of Mt. Huangshan, appears more often in winter than in any other season. The spectacle of rimed trees sparkling in the sun is the privilege of winter alone for it is then that you may find yourself in a silver world with icy peaks, clusters of frosty corals suffused with a plentiful supply of the freshest of oxygen rich fresh air.

Travel tips:

1. Winter is the most economical time for visiting Mt Huangshan as the prices for hotels and the entry fee are lowered by 15% to 40% compared to those of the peak season. However, Spring Festival is an exception, during which the price is the same as normal seasons.

2. The hotels are centrally heated so you don’t have to worry about the cold.

3. Anti-skid shoes are provided as well as heavy coats in most hotels.

雾凇岛因雾凇多且美丽而得名。雾凇岛周边的景点超级多，可以不重样的玩上好几天!但是去往各个景点的交通并不是很方便，如果想省去交通上的烦恼，可以考虑找一个当地向导或者直接报名户外游玩路线，不但无需自己做攻略，还根据自己时间选择线路，在专业领队的带领下玩遍所有经典景点，既安全又省心。

这里的地势较吉林市区低，又有江水环抱。冷热空气在这里相交，冬季里几乎天天有树挂，有时一连几天也不掉落。岛上的曾通屯是欣赏雾淞最好的去处，曾有“赏雾凇，到曾通”之说。这里树形奇特，沿江的垂柳挂满了洁白晶莹的霜花，江风吹拂银丝闪烁，景色既野又美。

雾凇只有冬季才出现。这是因为雾凇的形成有它自己独特的环境和条件。雾凇分为粒状和晶状两种。粒状雾凇结构紧密，形成一粒粒很小的冰块，而晶状雾凇结构比较松散呈较大的片状。吉林的雾凇就属于晶状。

昨天，记者从有关部门了解到，北京在拥有一个国家级自然保护区的基础上，准备再申请将百花山晋升为国家级自然保护区。

据了解，百花山市级自然保护区建于1985年，位于门头沟区清水镇境内，总面积2.17公顷，其中核心区面积0.68公顷，属于森林生态系统类型自然保护区，是本市目前面积最大的高等植物和珍稀野生动物自然保护区。百花山动、植物资源丰富，素有华北“天然动植物园”之称，有4个植被类型，10个森林群落，植物种类有130科、485属、1100种，其中药用植物400余种。动物种类170种，有国家一级保护动物金钱豹、褐马鸡、黑鹳、金雕，国家二级保护动物斑羚、勺鸡，市级保护动物50余种。

Originally the peony is Chinas famous traditional flowers, wild plants, and thorns, mainly from the qinghai-tibet plateau in China, the Yellow River basin, bashan qinling of zhongtiao mountains, shanxi, henan, funiu and MangShan and other regions, the original peony community can be traced back to 3000 years ago.

In luoyang peony cultivation, according to historical records: began in sui and sheng in the tang dynasty. "Name of guilin" in northern song dynasty period "SuiZhi · plain question" in a "qingming festival times 5, peony China". Since sui, peony on the basis of folk culture, begin to enter the royal garden, become a pet palace. In 604 AD, emperor yangdi capital luoyang company, monarch xiyuan weeks in 200, a variety of royal peony peony became the first in the history of Chinese. When tang and song dynasty, luoyang has been in the capital, capital position, cultivation, ornamental peony FengRi sheng. The tang dynasty poet bai juyis "flower bloom 20, if people are crazy" of a city is true portraiture of the situation at that time. Royal today, temples garden, private garden, with the song dynasty neo-confucianism shao yung has written "festival only two world, the world famous heavy luoyang" of a sentence, can want to at that time, the luoyang garden house, the flower of the spectacular. Each to bloom "emperor city spring sunset, cry cry chariots and horses, a total of the peony, hand to buy flowers." Become a beautiful landscape city of luoyang. Poet liu yuxi "but the peony true national color, the blossoms to move the capital" and the song dynasty scholar sima guang "luoyang spring the most prosperous, red and green among 10 m, who is the flower, like the splendid, people will be splendid study group spent." All paint luoyang people eat during tang and song dynasties frenzy.

All is Chinas famous hundreds of flowers, long, enlisted qunfang, but only the peony high grade. It flowers gigantic, wide variety, the myriad of feminine beauty, crown recalled. Concept of "ancient and modern florilegium, more than 360 kinds of beauties, none but with peony comparison. Therefore, known as" the king of flowers ". And the luoyang is located in the central plains, mild climate, rainfall is moderate, suitable for the growth of peony. The song dynasty writer ouyang xiu in luoyang high rank, he enjoyed the luoyang places of interest, have a special liking to the luoyang peony, author of "luoyang peony". His "luoyang ley spent the most appropriate, particularly heaven" peony verse says the luoyang peony growing advantageous natural conditions.

It is said that long time ago, wild peony on MangShan people not expensive, often cut the wood, a young very pity, transplanting it hospital, elaborate care. In a handkerchief, embroidered peony flowers. The young man wondered, was about to ask girls suddenly disappeared. XiuPa, but see a top have a poem: "name of luoyang, Mang range for my home. Are you feeling heavy, spring to see the wonderful work." In the second year spring, the youth was certainly rich gorgeous peony trapped in the home, graceful, from then on he would make a living by planting peony, family became more and more abundant. Point of view, the legendary the epigenetic the luoyang is the earliest "peony growing expert".

Since the tang dynasty, thousands of years, made a number of cultivation of luoyang peony skillful craftsman. Liuzhou, record the recorded: "song single parent, word ZhongRu, poetry, good plant. All peony one thousand kinds, red and white color, people do not know its operation,d called to mount li (li) plant ten thousand copies, individual color, give daughter, imperial secretary call division for flowers." All previous dynasties scholars intone the luoyang peony flow spit relapsed, KuangDai unique appearance of verse. Tang wang also really write the luoyang peony, "peony enchanting disorderly, a country such as crazy do." Great poet bai juyi wrote in a poem "flowers", "ten households in a clump of dark flower, fu", "fan of every acquisition for customs, all in one", the poem says the luoyang peonys precious and peoples love of the peony. It is said that tang tai years, spring, on the day of li han Leon, the temple to watch the peony, asked the painter Cheng Xiu f: "sung today Beijing city peony poems, who headed?" Cheng answer: "in the book scheeren lee cloud: freed national color to the wine, day sweet night dyed garments." Leon listen to praise, he said the luoyang peony "amusement", so the peony has the reputation of "amusement".

Thousands of years, luoyang peony beautiful, various, gorgeous and charming. Ouyang xius "guest said recent years old take specific, often conjure up a hydraulic-powered tree-trimmers" speaks the truth. In the history of sheng peony varieties of up to 119 a. Now has more than 500 varieties, in a nutshell, can be divided into three, nine, ten. Three categories, namely, single head, start and mixed type. This is according to the classification in the number of flowers, flower for single headdress flower, flower for double flowers, three for three peony flowers. Nine color is red, pink, purple, blue, yellow, white, green design and color, such as this are classified according to the color of the peony. Ten type mainly based on what the luoyang peony petals, size, flower arrangement and the morphological characteristics of classification. In the 19th century, British scholar evolution Darwin in his masterpiece "on the origin of species" quoted ecological variation of luoyang peony, as proof of his theory of "evolution". The song dynasty, luoyang yao yao peoples yellow and developing the erros of prime minister Wei Renbo home Wei Zi known as kao, flower after respectively. "Yao yellow one, and the brilliant breath is like cutting". Candidates.if your years, luoyang has pressed the song god yao yellow flower, flower large feet 2 inches, he excited, regardless of the reigns of his identity, and placed it over his head, visible, the emperors obsession in the peony, and from then on famously.

Since the tang and song dynasty, many bookman at a magnificently for peony poem writing, form a plethora of peony culture, and deduces many myths and legends about peony, soft smell things.

Legend, lunar month two years should, xiking changan heavy snow, wu zetian drinking poetry, on an impulse drunk pen write fen book: "swim Ming dynasty garden, rushing harbinger, stamen overnight, mo monring winds to blow." Flowers not this life, open overnight, peony not violations in season alone, shut the core. Wu zetian rage, peony fall out of changan, sent in luoyang, and to the stake. Peony has been the rule, the body such as coke; But branch do not come loose, standing still in the freezing cold, next year when the spring breeze blow, more brilliant flowers, known as "focal bone peony".

Another legend of peony, it is tang clear huang lung-chi lee kai jade bracelet ChenXiangTing vigil changan palace, the "harem of three thousand people, three thousand pet in a" your princess, hearing the luoyang peony has been in full bloom, and the wood in the JinYuan peony is at the end of the bud, then make the imperial secretary drum rush, flowers are still does not open, she was in a rage, will all fall to luoyang peony. Luoyang peony in Tokyo, in a flash, bright flowers branches, blooming together. In fact, with scientific attitude, xi an and luoyang on the same latitude line, but the temperature and humidity are slightly lower than luoyang, luoyang, west across the mountains, and in the MangShan Yang, the chang an early spring. Therefore, generation by Li Baiyou "qingping tune" word "taken two phase huan pour countries, often have the Kings grinned see, explain the infinite hate, dongfeng ChenXiangTing north lean on a railing" flea in jade bracelet, is the imperial concubine bear a grudge, derogatory generation by hyperbole, lifelong grief may not be the volunteers.

These legends show peony jubilant, unwavering in style, it is also the clank iron character of the Chinese nation and integrity.

Since luoyang peony enjoys a good reputation at home and abroad, to buy an endless stream, sui and tang dynasties frequent exchanges between China and Japan, luoyang peony spread to Japan, the Japanese peoples distribution of wealth. Neighbor north Korea, South Korea is also widely cultivated in China, then, the americas, Europe, many countries have successively introduced, called the luoyang peony flower "China" or "flower days god". Soldiers in song dynasty, the central plains, luoyang today, peony cultivation, breeding and subsequently fails, moved to the southern city of hangzhou. Jing and bright state, tsaochow people since the law transplant peony, become the new peony resort. Sichuan day peng are luoyang peony famous plant, jiangsu yancheng, since then, luoyang peony throughout China. After the founding of new China, due to the experienced the vicissitudes of life, luoyang peony only more than 30 varieties. In the autumn of 1959, prime minister Zhou Si to luoyang tractor factory, and specifically about the situation of the luoyang peony. Premier zhous concern caused the luoyang city government attaches great importance to, quickly return to expand acreage, one after another in the city park, the peony park; Xiyuan, can garden, open up the peony viewing area, and the new mail mountain national color peony, los pu park formed ten kilometers peony promenade, and built one thousand mu of peony gene pool; The peony as the city flower of luoyang NPC standing committee and was started in 1983 the annual peony show. From then on, the peony everywhere, every family, every day, to more than 500 peony varieties development. Yellow flowers every year, yao, Wei Zi, tsing lung lie the inkwell, drunken beauty peony famous brand, such as the charming attitude, see the flower heads, such as chi, like drunk, like a dream, like magic. Luoyang city park has set a record of every nearly 300000 people a day. Flower stage, residents rushed to view the city, town. Is: "watching flowers peony, everything all forget since I dont know."

With the peony show set each other off becomes an interest is luoyang peony Lantern Festival. Luoyang colored, gu sui, tang, more than 1000 years, has become a big people festival festival custom. In recent years, luoyang lanterns excellent reputation, become one of the three big Lantern Festival in China. Day to watch the peony night view of light, the annual peony show to a climax. Peony Lantern Festival every year, thousands of dye flow xia tao drunk all over the sky stars, wanjiadenghuo shook silent night sky. Such as lights, such as poetry. Painting colorful, make you dont know is oneself or human fairyland. More it is worth mentioning, winter 1994, national campaign "national flower" leadership team through the press candidates spent solution is: a country - the peony flower. At this point, an early nine dynasties rong snow clothe with silver, and luoyang refractory research institute a peony flower bed is a proud timely snow in full bloom, people sell, all without exception. Xinhua news agency and other dozens of news media scramble to report, exclaim, "national flower spread good news, the peony should know the snow laugh" wonders in one hundred.

In recent years, luoyang peony not only out of the country, but also sold to Japan, the United States, France, Singapore and other countries and Hong Kong, Macao and Chinese Taiwan regions, the end of the peony "can see cant buy" history. Peony have also made a series of scientific research achievements, the technology has the new breakthrough, basically achieved the "flowers bloom as well, spring to autumn to irrelevant", which laid a foundation for further development of luoyang peony.

Poets in lee ge fei has: "the world of governing revolution, hou to rise and fall of luoyang, rise and fall of luoyang, hou xing in garden waste." Temporal change, things change, all without exception shows people with a philosophy: goodsky flower glory. Today, our country is coruscate gives new vitality, the peony like rosy clouds in the east, adorn the expeditions of the earth. Peony, this eternal soul, telling us hard to think of the Chinese nation as an epic. Luoyang, luoyang peony to dress for the peony. The peony and the ancient capital of blame. Song times flowers, flower pregnant vitality; Luoyang peony is out of the country, go to the world of tie and bridge, peony, is the ancient capital of aesthetic badge, it will accompany the onward march of luoyang, towards a new brilliance.

晋祠始建于北魏，为纪念周武王次子叔虞而建。这里殿宇、亭台、楼阁、桥树互相映衬，山环水绕，文物荟萃，古木参天，是一处风景十分优美的古建园林，被誉为山西的“小江南”，是一处国家少有的大型祠堂式古典园林，驰名中外。尤其是圣母殿、侍女像、鱼沼飞梁、难老泉等景点是晋祠风景区的精华。祠内的周柏、难老泉、宋塑侍女像被誉为“晋祠三绝”，具有很高的历史价值、科学价值和艺术价值。晋祠为国家重点文物保护单位，是华夏文化的一颗璀璨明珠。

晋祠旅游景区距太原市较近，气候条件与市区接近，加上依水傍山，风景优美，是游客避暑、观光地。太原市通往晋祠的8路无人售票公共汽车、8路小公共汽车，昼夜持续时间长(早6：00——晚23：00)，行车间隔时间短(15——20分钟)，乘车环境舒适。晋祠风景区食宿方便，饭店、旅馆坐落周围，数十家饭店、餐馆、酒家，均具有上乘的服务和可口的饭菜，且具有本地特色。尤其是“晋祠大米”以其明晶透亮、味道纯香而饮誉天下。紧靠景区的晋祠镇政府近几年下工夫抓了以旅游业为龙头的公用设施及三业(服务、餐饮、娱乐)建设，面貌大为改观，尤其是景区的住宿条件、通信业务、医疗保障、娱乐场所、购物环境越来越受到中外游人的青睐。

常家庄园特色赫然于世!到常家庄园去观光，走马观花也得有足够的时间和精力。用最精练的语言来概括，主要建筑和景观为“一山一阁、两轩、四园、五院、六水、九堂、八帖、十三亭、二十五廊、二十七宅院”。数字相加，也得有百余处开放于游览者。从布局上看，主体建筑以雄浑方正的北式庭院为主体，每个正院均分内外两进，外院南房倒座一律临街，东侧辟各式门楼。前院有东西厢房各五间，正北则又一处倒座南房，正中设垂花门。里院则呈长方形，庭院宽敞，约为外院一倍，上房与南房相对称，东西各有厢房十、九、八间不等。如上房、南房各达八间时，便按正五偏三的模式，隔出偏院，从不越“方正”之规、“等级”之矩，充分显示了名门望族的气势。但其附属建筑却又充分显示了南国园林建筑的“灵秀”，使“方正”中浸透了“绮丽”。常家大院的绮丽，主要展示在三个方面。

美丽常家庄园(2)首先是每所方正院落的里院正中都建有一座木结构的牌楼，飞檐斗拱小巧玲珑。牌楼两侧各有砖雕花墙，婉如镶嵌宝石的扎带，使方正雄浑的北方庭院增添了画龙点睛般的南国园林秀色。这牌楼花墙将正院隔为里五外五，里五外四，里五外三多种形式，具有独特风格。

其次是院落之间与院落之后，大多建有花园、菜园，有小门与正院相通。进园之后，有甬道贯通，曲折迂回其间点缀回廊、亭榭、小桥流水，或草石农舍，或奇花异葩，匠心独具，犹似南方园林。

第三是在每个院落中触目可见的砖雕、木雕、石雕和木构件上的彩绘艺术，别具风采。砖雕艺术表现在四个方面：一是房脊的吻、兽和雕花护脊，造形优美，线条娴熟，刀法细腻，均为清代砖雕精品;二是照壁、花墙砖雕，既有传统的“百寿图”、“吉祥图”以及佛道故事，又有花卉鸟兽和干、鲜果品等具有浓厚地方特色的砖雕艺术;三是每排厢房“硬山墙”上端的“墀头”或花，或鸟，或兽，或字，两两成对，却很少雷同，造型又各具特色。四是现存的部分砖雕护栏，在贵和堂的楼层护栏上，全部由砖雕砌成，图案由福、寿、喜、禄、祯、祥团花和八卦炉、悬壶、文房四宝等组成，栏柱、栏板浑然一体，犹如天然而成，丝毫不见砌缝，无论雕刻艺术，还是垒砌艺术，堪称清代建筑中的上乘工艺。另一部分在养和堂，保存完好，但雕技艺术不及前者。

常家大院的石雕艺术有护栏、门兽、护墙等，大多用细砂石雕成，刻有各种图案。砂石的粗犷，雕工的细腻，相映得彰，别具一格。

常家大院的木雕，主要是宅第中的窗户木雕、门框、屏风、家具和隔扇木雕等，图案千变万化，造型手法各异，木质多种多样，恰似木雕展览，使游人眼花缭乱。可惜木质不易保存，破坏十分严重。常家大院是儒商建筑的代表，室内布置十分讲究，处处反映出书香门第的稳重古朴、匀称适宜。室内的琴棋书画、文房四宝、奇花异卉、山水盆景，有别于其他晋商宅院。作为儒商宅院，有其独到之处，让人耳目一新。

常家大院的静园，乃是中国最大的北派私家园林，面积达到八万余平方米。该园林以儒家的严谨秩序，道家的“天人合一”，佛家的空灵境界，集北国的大气厚重之风格与江南钟灵毓秀之精粹，神工鬼斧，浑然天成。进入园内，阁轩庭斋，雕饰绝伦;泉溪潭湖，宛如泽国;树木山石，野趣雄浑。千年枣树，已成化石;明代古藤，尤自葱茏。景致深远的杏林、风格迥异的狮园，曲径通幽，分布其间。观稼阁极目远望，听雨轩水低微澜，小石潭游鱼戏萍，昭余湖水平如镜，远眺近察，皆使人放怀于自然，寄情于山水，咏叹于文脉。留连园中，景随步移，尽享人生，心旷神怡。超凡脱俗的静园，无愧为人类理想的精神家园。

Daming monastery is located in yangzhou city in northwest sichuan, 27, was built in the southern dynasty liu song period of the ancient temple.

Distinguishing the master had presided over the temple in the tang dynasty, to pass on ones experience about law. Temple built nine layers of a habitat of spirit. Today daming monastery in distinguishing memorial hall for the tang dynasty style architecture, distinguishing in 1963 died when the 1200th anniversary of the foundation, built in 1973, the main hall of worship with dry paint on 须弥座 clip made distinguishing storage cave, close the meditation, persistent, peace. Its front yard has more than one plant height when the rare flower Joan, lush leaves, spring blossoms as white as tracts, have the reputation of "yangzhou qionghua, the unique thing in the world". To daming monastery I saw people like tide, just went in to see there is a big sign, reading: "Ursa" four characters, once we worship the Buddha inside.

Finally, we came to live spirit. After entering their spirit inside there are four Buddha, are all the same, we have been to climb, to climb to the seventh layer have been exhausted, climb to the top to rest for a while, for air, air to continue to climb again. Finally climbed to the ninth floor, I feel very proud and very happy, I told mom and dad said: "Im so happy, the wind is very comfortable!" I look down, the good little, as if some toys, people like only small ants crawling around, and I look ahead in the distance, originally the world is so big!

Down after saw a tower and a drum. Leave is always coming, the day is so happy!