昆明导游词英文介绍(精品20篇)

星期五，姑姑笑容满面到对我说：“告诉你一个好消息：周末带你们去银川西部影视城玩!”我一听，高兴得一蹦三尺高，立即把这个好消息告诉哥哥。

第二天，阳光明媚是出行的好日子，正好我们要去西部影视城。来到那里，眼前全是用土堆成的房子，这和我们平常看见的楼大厦?青砖绿瓦截然不同。影视城里的许多方都在《红高粱》?《大话西游》?《新龙门客栈》……许多中出现过。

走着走着，前面出现了一个洞，上面刻着三个字：盘丝洞。这个名字很耳熟可又想不起来在哪里听过，所以我不清楚它为什么要叫盘丝洞?……我带着重重疑点走进了盘丝洞。眼前的景象让我想起《大话西游》蜘蛛精住的地方!越往里走月阴森，洞里爬满了假蜘蛛，它们栩栩如生，这让我毛骨悚然。我两腿发软?肩膀耸起。我终于看见了光，赶紧跑到哪里，这才松了口气。今天在西部影视城不但让我知道了许多影片，而且了解了古代的一些知识。这一天我收获了不少啊!

青龙峡位于北京市怀柔区城北20公里处，距北京三元桥75公里，是集青山、绿水、古长城于一体的自然风景区。景区占地面积150公顷，南北狭长约十余华里，雄伟的水库大坝将景区分为两个部分。

青龙峡旅游度假村位于怀柔区怀北镇著名的古长城关口大水峪关附近，南邻风光旖旎的雁栖湖，是集田园风光、山川秀色、青山绿谷、长城古貌为一体的旅游观光、度假休闲胜地。独特的塞外气候，凉爽宜人，是人们远离闹市喧哗，寻觅山水静地，回归山野自然，旅游观光度假的最佳选择。青龙峡风景区由万里长城登城游览、苍龙峡观飞龙瀑和青龙峡水上游乐三大景区组成。

十渡风景区位于北京市西南郊房山区拒马河中上游，距京100公里，是华北地区唯一以岩溶峰林、河谷地貌为特色的自然风景区。风景区山奇水秀，美如画卷，素有“北方桂林”之称是北京新十六景区之一。

来到十渡，听这里的工作人员介绍，十渡山水，四季如画，处处是景。初春百花争艳，香溢河谷;盛夏群峰叠翠，碧水如云;深秋柿坠枝头，红叶似锦;寒冬冰河如镜，峰岭披银。似一幅泼墨山水画卷，一派绝妙的北国风光。

到了中午，我们去农家院吃中午饭。我和爸爸负责捞虹鳟鱼。我跟爸爸拿着抄子，弯腰站在鱼池边，看准一条比较大的虹鳟鱼，只见爸爸手落抄下，可那鱼动作灵敏，爸爸捞了好几次都没有捞到，我想这里一定有窍门，就去问农民伯伯怎样捞到虹鳟鱼?农民伯伯说：“鱼抄要对着鱼的头，一定要快，才能捞到虹鳟鱼。”我按照农民伯伯说的方法把抄子悄悄伸到一条停在水中的虹鳟鱼头前，然后快速将抄子插入水中，再快速抬起抄子，一条活蹦乱跳的虹鳟鱼罗如抄中。爸爸也按照方法捞到一条。两条虹鳟鱼，一条烧烤，在烧烤的时候放上孜然和辣椒面，味道好像新疆的羊肉串。鱼皮最好吃，味儿浓并且焦脆，而鱼肉鲜嫩，味道清淡。一条清炖，清炖的虹鳟鱼，鱼肉鲜嫩，鱼汤鲜美，真好吃啊!

吃完饭后，我迫不急待的去划竹筏，我和爸爸妈妈乘一个竹筏，起初我们都有点害怕，这竹筏没边没沿儿夫在水面上，万一没站稳掉下水了就...呵呵。最后我们还是上去了。妈妈抢过竹竿来，她居然拿着竹竿划水?hoho?，那猪年马月能划到对岸上啊?!爸爸接过竹竿，将竹竿插向水底，一使劲，竹筏离了岸。就这样爸爸站在竹筏上左一下，右一下，竹筏飞快的向前驶去，我学着爸爸样子一下一下地划着，还情不自禁地唱起：“小小竹排江中游…….”划完竹筏后，我又去玩水晶球，钻进水晶球我像喝醉似的，东倒西歪。真好玩啊!

时间过的很快，我们结束了愉快的旅游，踏上了回家的旅程。这一天我感到很高兴，即吃上了美味的 农家饭，又划了竹筏，还学会了捞虹鳟鱼。生活真是美好啊!

Beijing is located at 39 ° 56 ′ N and 116 ° 20 ′ E. It is located at thenorthwest end of the North China Plain, in the west, North and northeast. It issurrounded by Taihang Mountain (West Mountain), Jundu mountain and Yanshanmountain, which makes it look like a "bay", so it has been called "Beijing bay"since ancient times.

Beijing, the capital of the peoples Republic of China, is the center ofpolitics, culture, transportation, tourism and international exchanges. The cityconsists of 11 districts and 7 counties. The total area is 16800 squarekilometers, of which the urban area covers 1040 square kilometers. Thepopulation is 11.5 million. Beijing is the first of the four municipalitiesdirectly under the central government in China.

Beijing has a north temperate continental monsoon climate with fourdistinct seasons. Spring flowers, autumn moon, summer rain and winter snow arethe different characteristics of each season. No matter when you come to Beijingfor sightseeing, you will have charming wind colors. Beijing has shorter springand autumn, longer summer and winter. January is colder, the average temperatureis - 4.7 ℃, July is slightly hot, the average temperature is 26.1 ℃. The averageannual rainfall is 650 mm and the frost free period is 180 days. It has aprominent geographical location, magnificent mountains and rivers, fertile landand rich products, so it has always been regarded as the treasure land ofChina.

Beijing has a written history of more than 3000 years and a long history ofurban construction. As far back as 700000-500000 years ago, this is thebirthplace of human ancestors, and Peking man has been breeding in Zhoukoudianand other places in southwest Beijing. In 586 BC, the state of Yan, the Marquisof the Zhou Dynasty, established its capital here, named "Ji". From then on, thename of "Yanjing" has been passed down to the present. After the third centuryB.C., it was an important northern town in the Qin, Han, Sui and Tang Dynasties.At the beginning of the 10th century, the Qidan people in Northeast Chinaestablished the Liao Dynasty and took it as the capital, Nanjing. In 1125, theNuzhen nationality rose, destroyed the Liao Dynasty and built the Jin Dynasty.It officially established its capital, named Zhongdu, and built 36 luxuriouspalaces. The central capital was in the area of Guanganmen today, but it wasdestroyed in 1215. In this year, the Mongols in the north of China movedsouthward, successively destroyed the Jin Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty,which avoided Hangzhou, and unified China. In 1267, the Yuan Dynasty rebuilt thecapital city with the JinDynasty Daning Palace (now Beihai Park) as the center,and renamed it Dadu, which is the predecessor of todays old Beijing city. In1368, the peasant uprising army led by Zhu Yuanzhang overthrew the Yuan Dynastyand established the Ming Dynasty. The capital of the Ming Dynasty was located inNanjing, which was renamed Beiping. In 1403, Zhu Di won the throne, moved hiscapital to Peking, and changed its name to Beijing. After 15 years ofconstruction, the Forbidden City was completed in 1420 and the capital wasofficially moved to Beijing in 1421. In 1644, the Qing army entered the pass,the Ming Dynasty perished, and the Qing Dynasty also established its capital inBeijing. Each dynasty has established its capital here for more than 800 years.After the founding of new China in 1949, the old Beijing gained a new life andwas determined as the capital of new China.

The ancient city of Beijing, after the great creation of the working peopleof the past dynasties, has left a splendid culture of the Chinese nation. Thearchitectural layout of the whole city takes the Forbidden City as the centerand runs through an 8 km long central axis from south to north. Before and afterthe dynasty, zuozu and YouSHE (Taimiao and sheji altar); the streets arevertical and horizontal, the temples are brilliant; the temples are magical, thegardens are magnificent; the rivers and lakes are winding, the scenery ispicturesque. The whole city has both plane layout and three-dimensional shape,which is not only a model of Chinese ancient capital, but also occupies a veryimportant position in the history of world urban construction. Beijing hasalways been famous for its rich places of interest and charming natural scenery.Here are the worlds wonders of the Great Wall, the worlds most imperial palacecomplex, beautiful classical gardens, as well as magnificent temples,mausoleums, pagodas, stone carvings and so on. Moreover, Shidu, Songshan,Longqing gorge, Shihua Cave and other natural landscapes, as well as manyhistorical sites such as the May 4th Movement in 1919, are all touristattractions that people can enjoy and forget to return.

Each guest hello:

I am your tour guide jia-qi Chen, you can call me xiao Chen to go in the next few days by me for all of you to visit the Palace Museum in Beijing scenery, hope that through my explanation, can make you leave a good impression of Beijing, also proposes the valued suggestion for my work, good, then we start todays trip!

In the Ming and qing dynasty palace, is the largest building in the world today the most magnificent, the most intact ancient royal palace. The Palace Museum, also called zijin city. The child process is the supreme power in China in five century center, with his landscape and contains 9000 rooms of furniture and handicraft product of large buildings, a witness, in the history of the Ming and qing dynasties era Chinas prices in 1987, Beijing the imperial palace was the United Nations on the world heritage list.

The Palace Museum sits, has four door open. My dear friends, this is the main gate of the Forbidden City, and called the meridian gate, mean the midday sun. You see, in 10 meters high wall stood five towers, from above like the phoenix material spread your wings and fly, the meridian gate and the five-phoenix towers said. Have your pictures here, please!

Come on! You free now, 6 PM in front of the Palace Museum collection, I wish you all have to play happy.

各位游客：

大家好!欢迎大家瞻仰炎帝陵。

炎帝陵为举世闻名的始祖三陵之一，它位于湖南省炎陵县城西鹿原陂，陵区面积5平方千米，是海内外炎黄子孙祭祖朝圣、旅游观光的胜地。

炎帝神农氏是中华农耕文化的创始者，为中华民族的始兴和繁衍作出了开创性的伟大贡献。炎帝生于湖北的隋州，长于宝鸡姜水，名叫姜石年。晚年巡视南方，体察民情，为民宣医疗疾，因误食断肠草而“崩葬于长沙茶乡之尾”的炎陵县鹿原陂。史载汉代以前有帝陵，唐代奉祀以昌，宋乾德五年(公元967年)宋太祖登基夜梦炎帝，遂于鹿原陂找到帝陵，“立庙陵前，肖像而祀”，至清朝末年，历代帝王祭祀炎帝陵200多次。炎帝陵历经一千零三十几年，经过20多次大的修葺，1954年春节因香客失火，主殿、行礼亭全被焚毁。

现在的炎帝陵大殿就是1986年整修的，1996年被列为全圄重点文物保护单位。

Visitors to kiss love, everybody is good, I am your tour guide, my name is meng, you can call me meng guide; Welcome to visit huangshan. Huangshan huangshan, anhui, China is the natural and cultural heritage, has been included in the "world heritage list". Or in the top ten scenic spots unique mountain huangshan scenic spot. Huangshan mountain "loose", "strange", "sea of clouds", "hot springs," four famous in the world. Speaking of "loose" to "guest-greeting pine". Guest-greeting pine stand in the jade screen on the east side, manjusri hole, broken stone, the life of more than eight hundred years. Loose name found in the huangshan mountain guide.

Tree height of 15 meters, diameter at breast height sixty-four cm, diameter seventy-five centimeters, under branch height is two point five meters. This attitude pale neck, cui Ye Rugai, polite, cute image. Speaking of rocks, have to say "flying stone". Green mountain peaks appearing in the west, there is a stone stands on the top of the mountain rocks. Stone is 12 meters high, seven point five meters long, two point five meters wide. Rock and rock interface is small, so the name "flying stone". Dear passengers, please free activities, please dont smoke, in case of fire, thank you for your cooperation.

涠洲岛是火山喷发堆凝而成的岛屿，有海蚀、海积及溶岩等景观，尤其南部的海蚀火山港湾更具特色。涠洲岛在1994年被辟为省级旅游度假区。现在也是中国国家地质公园。

这里夏无酷暑，冬无严寒，年平均气温23℃，雨量1863毫米，是广西最少雨的地方之一;活动积温8，265℃，是广西热量最丰富的地方。四周烟波浩淼，岛上植被茂密，风光秀美，尤以奇特的海蚀、海积地貌，火山熔岩及绚丽多姿的活珊瑚为最，素有南海“蓬莱岛”之称。涠洲岛与火山喷发堆积和珊瑚沉积融为一体，使岛南部的高峻险奇与北部的开阔平缓形成鲜明对比，其沿海海水碧蓝见底，海底活珊瑚、名贵海产瑰丽神奇，种类繁多。堪称人间天堂、蓬莱宝岛。

涠洲岛地势南高北低，其南面的南湾港是由古代火山口形成的天然良港。港口呈圆椅形，东、北、西三面环山，东拱手与西拱手环抱成娥眉月状，像世大无比的螃蟹横卧海中。码头背靠高10—30米的悬崖峭壁，崖顶青松挺拔，巨型仙人掌攀壁垂下，各式船艇进进出出，人来货往;飞鸟水禽，时隐时现;浪涌波兴，空阔无边;水天一色;气象恢弘。位于涠洲岛西南端，是涠洲最富特色的游览区，其火山口景观、海蚀景观、热带植物景观、生物和天象景观独特，并具有很高的科研价值。

20_年10月23日，中国最美的地方排行榜在京发布。此次活动由《中国国家地理》主办，全国34家媒体协办的“中国最美的地方”评选活动，历时8个月，涠洲岛被评为“中国最美的十大海岛”，排名第二。

20_年1月13日，国家旅游局发出公告，涠洲岛火山国家地质公园鳄鱼山景区，顺利通过了国家旅游局专家评审组审核评定，荣膺国家4A级旅游景区。

北海涠洲岛是一座位于广西壮族自治区北海市南方北部湾海域的海岛，是中国最大、地质年龄最年轻的火山岛。该岛位于北部湾中部，北临广西北海市，东望雷州半岛，东南与斜阳岛毗邻，南与海南岛隔海相望，西面面向越南。涠洲岛目前由北海市银海区管辖，设涠州镇。涠洲岛南北方向的长度为6.5千米，东西方向宽6千米，总面积24.74平方千米，岛的最高海拔79米。但并不是中国最大的火山岛。(中国最大的火山岛是湛江硇洲岛，面积约56平方千米。)涠洲岛上居住着20_多户人家，1.6万多人口，其中75%以上是客家人。涠洲岛上面单独设立涠洲镇，隶属于广西壮族自治区北海市海城区。岛上有名的建筑有三婆庙、圣母庙和天主堂等。涠洲岛是火山喷发堆凝而成的岛屿，有海蚀、海积及溶岩等景观，尤其南部的海蚀火山港湾更具特色。涠洲岛在1994年被辟为省级旅游度假区。现在也是中国国家地质公园。

岛上盛产花生、香蕉，这里所产花生油，色泽金黄，含水少，耐储藏，早就远销香港、东南亚一带。海参、鲍鱼、鱼翅、鳝肚是闻名国内外的四大名产。跳鱼、墨鱼、石斑鱼、红鱼等也是这里特产，此外还有海龟、海马、海豚、海牛。

木菠萝属于亚热带水果，是涠洲岛上的特产之一。主要品种有干苞菠萝、干湿苞菠萝和湿苞(又称油苞)菠萝等。涠洲菠萝蜜以肉质芳香、清甜脆嫩而闻名，特别是干苞菠萝，更受人们青睐。木菠萝在岛上种植已有近百年的历史，但过去种植很少，只是在岛上中西部村庄内种植少许。木菠萝树一般生长期要4至5年才挂果，且逐年增多，一棵树可以挂果少则有十几二十个(约100公斤)，多则有三五十至上百个(200多公斤)，每年到了秋季时，果实飘香，便可收获。上岛旅客在岛上每个村庄每户庭院，都可以观赏到大片的木菠萝林、香蕉林美美景，品尝芳香又清甜脆嫩的菠萝蜜、香蕉，大饱口福。拍张美丽的木菠萝相片，品尝菠萝蜜，是上岛旅客选择之一。

黄龙洞(索溪)从水绕四门以下，至黄龙洞一段溪水，就是著名的索溪。据县志记载，因官军讨伐向王天子起义而得名索，古称索水。索溪汇集武陵源八百条溪涧之水，然后注入娄水，并入澧水。当代一位叫苏叶的女作家，为索溪之美所激动，竟然表示“来生甘作石，嫁与索溪水”，下辈子要作索溪的妻子。

关于武陵源的山水，不知有多少人为之礼赞放歌。这其中有个美学问题，即画家笔下山水的艺术布局。古代《画论》说：“山不体，石为骨，林为衣，草为毛发，水为血脉，云烟为神影，岚霭为气象，寺观、村落桥梁为装饰也。”以此观点，武陵源占全了，所以说人家称武陵源是一幅超级中国画卷，不无道理。

(军地坪)现在我们已经到达了武陵源区政府所在地军地坪。军地坪与索溪一样，是历代朝廷征剿农民义军驻军之所，是鲜血浸染的古战场。二十世纪八十年代初，这里还是一片大沙滩，经过二十多年的经营建设，特别是1988年经国务院批准正式成立武陵源区人民政府(县级)，这里于是成了武陵源政治、经济、文化、旅游的中心，成了一座十分繁华的拥有数万人的旅游新城。1992年，联合国教科文组织经过严格考察验收，正式将武陵源列入《世界遗产名录》，成为世界上极为稀少的纯自然遗产中的一员。从此，武陵源阔步走向世界。站在武陵大道把目光投向西部，我们可以看到那群峰绵延的天际线，那是一幅挂在天边的巨幅山水画卷。在西南处，是宝峰湖自然公园，东南处，是名闻中外的黄龙洞。现在我们前往黄龙洞和宝峰湖。前者是“中华最佳洞府”，后者誉为“人间瑶池”，相信大家能获得有别于砂岩大峰林风光的另一番感受。

黄龙洞又名黄龙泉，传说清代乾隆年间发生百日大旱，著名法师何俊儒率徒儿进洞求雨，全部遇难丧生，何老司临死前留下一句话：“当门田，莫打黄龙泉”。从此黄龙洞一直无人问津。1983年初，当地村民毛金初组织九个民兵，历经千难万险，终于探明了这世界溶洞奇观的真相。1984年2月破土开发，同年6月成立黄龙洞管理所，年底正式开放。1997年，黄龙洞由北京大通公司托管。1999年11月，由黄龙洞投资有限公司发起运作的世界特技飞行大奖赛穿越天门的活动，与黄龙洞的名字一齐远播世界。

黄龙洞是武陵源风景名胜区的王牌景点之一，她以规模大、内容全、景色美而被誉为溶洞景观的“全能冠军”。正如许多游人所说：黄龙洞是诗的结晶，哲学的凝聚，美的雕像。

黄龙洞现已探明的洞底面积约10万平方米，全长7640米，垂直高度140米，内分两层旱洞两层水洞，有1库、2河、3潭、4瀑、13个厅、98廊以及上千个白玉池，上万座钟乳石峰。整个大洞犹如一株古木，错节盘根，散发开来，洞中有洞，天外有天，山重水复，峰回路转，由天生灰质溶液凝聚而成的洞穴景观琳琅满目、美不胜收、无所不奇、无所不有。现在，请大家跟我一起神游黄龙洞。请注意不要掉队。

(双门迎宾)双门，左边的取名“幸福门”，右边的取名“长寿门”，您是更看重爱情如意婚姻美满事业有成，选择走“幸福门”呢?还是祈盼益寿延年长命百岁，选择走“长寿门”呢?当然，谁都希望既拥有幸福，又能够长寿，那么，记住：现在选择一道门进去，等游览完毕返回的时候，就从另一道门出来，不就鱼和熊掌兼得了吗?

(龙舞厅)这里是传说中龙的家族举行舞会的地方。舞会刚刚结束，只剩下左壁包厢里的一对情人还在窃窃私语，观众渐渐离去了也浑然不觉!

(洞中植物)1994年中国第三届溶洞风景会议在这里召开期间，本土一位作家偶然间发现洞中居然有野草蔓生!黄龙洞内原先根本看不见任何植物，专家认为亿万年干燥、黑暗的自然条件，不可能生长植物。但是，不可思议的是，由于日光灯长期照射，洞中居然萌生出一派春色。奇怪的是普通白炽灯光下，却又见不到这种风景。难道是日光灯的某种力量叩醒了它们的生命之梦?1996年，中央电视台“正大综艺”摄制的“张家界专题”中，专门为黄龙洞中长草设计了一道“猜猜看”。这以后，有的人就冲着“洞中长草”这一奇观，跑来张家界旅游，说要亲眼一辨真假。

那么，我现在给大家出个题目，解这万古生命之谜：1、种子哪来?是飞禽走兽带来?是随风吹来?还是史前世纪地球在发生多次灾难时残存的物质?2、假设种子是亿万年前地壳变动时裹携而来，那么，种子休眠了亿万年，为何不死不生?为何又在日光灯下复苏?那么日光灯究竟有什么神奇的力量?如果谁能解开这个谜，谁就可以成为黄龙洞的永久贵宾。我等着各位的答案?

(响水河)现在我们上船游响水河。梦幻般的情调，神话的氛围，哗哗的水声，如闻仙乐缥缈。栖龙岛、龙花礁、龙王金盔、藏宝阁、石花柱、插香台，我们好像来到了安徒生童话中的海底王宫!难怪联合国教科文组织的那两位官员荡舟响水河时说，黄龙洞是他们所看到的世界上最美的溶洞，洞中还有这么长的阴河，真是不可思议。

据专家研究，黄龙洞发育在三叠系碳酸盐岩地层中，洞穴系统为远岸大三层和近岸小六层的立体空间结构，主要通道沿岸层走向延长。约三亿八千万年前，黄龙洞地区是一片汪洋大海，沉积了可溶性强的石灰岩和白云岩地层。经过漫长年代开始孕育成喀斯特地貌，直到6500万年前地壳抬升，出现了干溶洞，然后经岩溶和水流作用便形成了今日的地下奇观。

(天仙水)天仙水大厅面积为5483平方米。你们看，那三股瀑水，落差达27.3米，从高高的穹顶化碳泻下来，落在三座玉池里，这就是传说中龙的家族喝的“天仙水”。

(天柱街)诗人郭沫若为表达对美好生活的向往，写下了《天上的街市》一诗：想像那缥渺的空中，定然有美丽的街市;街市上陈列的物品，是世上没有的珍奇，可以说，，诗中的意境在这里得到了最形象的展示。你们看，那两根石柱管它叫“恨难逢”，“喜相逢”，大自然如此充满人性化的安排，怎不令人叫绝。据考证，这里的石钟乳27万年才长1米，石笋每百年才长1公分。120xx年后的今天，这上下两条咫尺天涯、恨难相逢的小蛟龙就能实现“世纪之吻”了。到时候欢迎大家前来庆贺!

客朋友：

大家好!在开封众多的文物古迹当中，铁塔是开封的标志性建筑之一，成了游客必到之地，就像人们所说的：“来开封不登铁塔，等于没来过开封”。

铁塔位于开封城内东北隅铁塔风景区内，秀丽挺拔，雄居中原，以它精湛绝妙的建筑艺术和雄伟秀丽的修长身姿而驰名中外，被人们誉为“天下第一塔”。

铁塔建于北宋皇佑元年，就是公元1049年，因当年建在开宝寺内，称开宝寺塔。

又因其外表全以褐色琉璃砖镶嵌，远看近似铁色，加之本身坚固异常，犹如铁铸，故从元代起民间称之为“铁塔”。

据史料记载，铁塔前身是一座木塔，系我国北宋时期着名建筑学家喻浩为供佛祖释迦牟尼佛舍利而建造的。

据说，他经过八年的构想设计和建造，终于在公元989年把这座佛塔建成。

木塔共八角十三层，高120米，上安千佛万菩萨，塔下作地宫，供奉佛祖的舍利子，造工精细，木塔在京城诸塔中最高，“其土木之宏伟，金碧之炳耀，自佛法入中国，未之有也。

”因此该塔被称为“天下之冠”。

初建成的塔向西北倾斜，有人问喻浩缘由，他说京师无山，又多西北风，离此地不远又有大河流过，用不到百年的时间，塔受风力作用和河水浸岸的影响，就自然会直过来了，并预言此塔可存在七百年不会倒塌。

但令人遗憾的是，这个木塔在宋仁宗庆历四年，就是公元1044年夏天，便被雷火所焚，仅存在五十多年。

到了皇佑元年，宋仁宗下诏在距此塔不远的夷山上，仿照木塔的样式建造了我们今天所看到这座铁色琉璃砖塔。

铁塔是因其卓绝的建筑艺术闻名遐迩的。

铁塔现高55.88米，平面作八角形，十三层楼阁式，底层每面阔4米多，向上逐层递减，层层开设明窗，一层向北，二层向南，三层向西，四层向东，以此类推，其余皆为盲窗。

设计明窗，除有采光、通风、了望之用，还能减缓强风对塔身的冲击力。

明代嘉靖、万历年间，又在塔心柱正对明窗之处，镶嵌了琉璃佛砖，保护塔心柱免受风力侵蚀。

远看近观，铁塔仿佛是一座木塔，玲珑剔透。

原来设计师在设计建造铁塔时，采用仿木结构，它以许多形状大小各异的“结构砖”相组合。

这些结构砖，就像经过斧凿的木料一样，有榫、有眼，组装起来，严密合缝。

塔身的檐、椽、瓦等，也俱为琉璃砖所成。

砖型的规格化是我国佛塔建筑的一大进步，可以砌出各种仿木结构，这些特点使铁塔在我国佛教建筑史上占有重要地位。

粗壮的塔心柱是支撑塔壁，抵御外力的核心部分。

各种不同用途的外壁砖瓦构件通过登道与塔心柱紧密衔接，异常坚牢，浑然一体，具有很强的抗震能力。

九百多年来，铁塔历经地震、暴风水患，特别是1938年5月，日军用大-炮对铁塔进行轰炸，北面从第四层至第十三层的各级檐角、塔壁遭受到不同程度的毁坏，但仍然屹立。

对此，民间老人们解释说：铁塔作为一座佛塔，经历如此多的灾难而不倒塌，是受佛祖保佑的结果。

佛教相信三世轮回，所以当地信佛的老人常告诉游客，如果你围绕铁塔左绕三圈，右绕三圈，佛祖将保佑你一生平安。

铁塔外壁镶嵌的花纹砖有五十余种，花纹图案包括飞天、降龙、麒麟、坐佛、玉佛、菩萨、狮子、伎乐、花卉等，造型优美，精妙生动，具有鲜明的宋代艺术风格。

铁塔原建于夷山之上，后来由于黄河泥沙沉积，将夷山及塔基淤没。

据《如梦录》载，基座辟有南北二门，向南一门匾曰：“天下第一塔”。

基座下有一八棱方池;北面有小桥跨池而过，由小桥进北门入塔。

由此可以想见，当年铁塔如同一株破水而出的芙蓉，亭亭玉立，更使塔身外观出落得挺拔灵秀，瑞丽舒展。

铁塔内遏砖砌登道，绕塔心柱盘旋而上，历一百六十八层台阶可至塔顶。

登到第五层，可以看到城内景色;登到第七层，可以看到城外原野;登到第九层，可以看到浩瀚奔腾的黄河，领略到黄河号称“天河”的含义;登到第十二层，则祥云缠绕，云雾扑面，似入太空幻景。

此即着名的古开封汴京八景之一的“铁塔行云”。

诗曰：“浮图千尺十三层，高插云霄客倦登。

润彩氤氲疑锦绣，行人迢递见觚棱。

半空铁马风摇铎，万朵莲花夜放灯。

我昔凭高穿七级，此身烟际欲飞腾。

”每当风度云穿时，环挂在塔身檐下的每层八个共一百零四个铁铃悠然而动，叮当作响，更让人心旷神怡、留连往返。

细心的游客在欣赏这座卓绝的建筑艺术时，总能惊奇地发现眼前的铁塔是座斜塔，已向东南方向倾斜。

看来，喻浩先生当年的担心并非多余!

在铁塔西百米处，是一座重檐伟阁、漆栋画梁的大殿，名叫“接引殿”。

周围由二十四根大柱支撑，青石栏杆。

望柱上雕刻有形态各异的九十六只小狮子。

殿内矗立着一尊高大慈悲的站佛，他就是西方极乐世界的教主阿弥陀佛，俗称接引佛。

这尊高大的接引佛像，是宋元时期用全铜铸造的，身高5.4米，重12吨，赤足站立，胸前铸有象征吉祥的万字符号。

穿有山水云朵花纹的袈裟法衣。

左手禅定在胸，右手下垂指地，表示能满足众生的愿望，接引众生到达西方净土的极乐世界。

最上方有一“光明无量”的匾额。

亲爱的旅客朋友们你们好!欢迎大家来承德避暑山庄观光浏览。我是你们这次旅行的导游李导，希望我的讲解能为你们的旅途增添欢乐。

我们所在的避暑山庄位于承德市区北部，是我国现存最大的古典皇家园林。这里是清代康、乾盛世的象征。作为山庄缔造者的康熙、乾隆，都曾六下江南，遍历天下景物之美。在修建山庄时，博采众家之长，融合中国南北园林风格为一体，使避暑山庄成为中国古典园林艺术的总结与升华。各位旅客朋友们，请您收拾好背包，现在我要带着大家大饱眼福了。

各位，我们面前这座古色古香的门，就是避暑山庄的正门，叫丽正门，是清代皇帝进出的门。宫门面宽三间，分上下两层。下层辟有三个方形的门洞，上层有城台和阙楼。请看，中间门洞上方有一块石匾，上面是乾隆皇帝用满、藏、汉、维、蒙五种文字题写的“丽正门”，它象征着我们祖国是个统一的多民族国家。门的两边有两尊石狮子，以显示皇帝的威严。

朋友们，请随我踏入庄内吧!请各位向右看,远处的山峦上有一巨大的石柱,擎天而立,直插云端。它上粗下细，很像洗衣用的棒槌，因此承德人叫它棒槌山，康熙皇帝赐名“磬锤峰”。修建避暑山庄时，巧借此景，使山庄内外浑然一体，扩大了空间感，创造了新的意境养，这是山庄设计者运用“借景”这一造园艺术的成功典范。

旅客朋友们，现在我要带你们去湖区最大的岛屿——如意洲岛观赏。如意洲岛上建筑很多，康乾七十二景中有十景在这里。主体建筑是一座宫殿。门殿的名字是“无暑清凉”，正殿为“延熏山馆”，面宽七楹，建筑宏伟，殿后有“水芳岩秀”殿。正宫落成前，这里是康熙皇帝处理朝政和居住的地方。现在这里展出的是清宫用品。岛的西北处是着名的园中之园——沧浪屿，是仿苏州“沧浪亭”而建的。虽面积不大，但殿堂、水阁、清泉、小亭、回廊巧妙地组织在一起，令人流连忘返。

让我们跨过曲桥登上青莲岛。各位，迎面这座玲珑秀丽的建筑，叫烟雨楼。这是一座面宽五楹、有上下两层的小楼，楼的上下还有围廊。二楼上的云龙金匾是乾隆皇帝题写的。烟雨楼与门殿之间是一个规整的方院，几棵古松苍劲挺拔。月台下面两座石须弥座上有一对铜鹿。烟雨楼是仿浙江嘉兴的烟雨楼而建的。每当阴雨时节，细雨蒙蒙，登楼远眺，只见远山近水，尽在轻纱薄雾笼罩之中，如入仙境。楼东有“青阳书屋”，是皇帝习文读书的地方;楼西南有“对山斋”，面对着假山。山上建有六角形凉亭，名字叫翼亭。

这里的养景真是说也说不尽，游也游不完，其余的景点就由你们自己去细细观赏吧!记住1小时后在正门集合哟!亲爱的旅客朋友们，再见!

现在，你们来到了美丽的湛江，这次，由我来当你们的导游，别看我年纪小小，我可有一张能说会道的小嘴，可以为你们详细地介绍我们湛江的旅游景点湖光岩。

这是湖光岩的大门口，你们看，一条巨大蜿蜒的第龙和一只瞪着大眼的乌龟雕像栩栩如生地展现在我们眼前。它们在欢迎我们呢。现在展现在我们有面前的一湖碧水就是闻名遐迩的湖光岩了，湖光岩又叫玛珥湖。清晨，一片蒙蒙的薄雾轻轻地笼罩着玛珥湖，玛珥湖就像一位穿着一件薄薄的长裙的白衣少女，亭亭玉立地站在梦幻般的仙境里。中午，太阳照得湖面闪闪发亮。就像谁在玛珥湖清澈的水面上撒一把黄澄澄的金子似的。夜晚，玛珥湖就像一位美丽的少女，静静地躺在青山绿树的环抱中。玛珥湖的湖水有“静、清、平、奇”这四大美誉之称。因为玛珥湖的水很静，静得让你感觉不到它的流动，它也像一张平面的镜子;可以照得见天上的白云和周围的绿树。玛珥湖的水真清，清得以看见湖底里的细沙，湖水为什么这么清呢?因为湖底里好像有一个旋涡，所以把青蛙、水蛇、枯枝败叶等都吸了进去，咦，为什么有人在湖底里还看到有鱼呢?这个问题还得让我们进一步去调查。湖水只有在微风吹下，微微泛起波浪。

好了，这次我们的参观到此结束，再次感谢大家的支持与合作。

欢迎大家来到这里，下面我来为大家介绍一下!

踱步沧浪亭，未进园门便见一池绿水绕于园外，临水山石嶙峋，复廊蜿蜒如带，廊中的漏窗把园林内外山山水水融为一体。园内以山石为主景，山上古木参天，山下凿有水池，山水之间以一条曲折的复廊相连。沧浪亭外临清池，曲栏回廊，古树苍苍，垒叠湖石。人称“千古沧浪水一涯，沧浪亭者，水之亭园也”。

沧浪亭主要景区以山林为核心，四周环列建筑，亭及依山起伏的长廊又利用园外的水画，通过复廊上的漏窗渗透作用，沟通园内、外的山、水，使水面、池岸、假山、亭榭融成一体。园中山上石径盘旋，古树葱茏，箬竹被覆，藤萝蔓挂，野卉丛生，朴素自然，景色苍润如真山野林。

著名的沧浪亭即隐藏在山顶上，它高踞丘岭，飞檐凌空。亭的结构古雅，与整个园林的气氛相协调。亭四周环列有数百年树龄的高大乔木五、六株。亭上石额“沧浪亭”为俞樾所书。石柱上石刻对联： 清风明月本无价;近水远山皆有情。 上联选自欧阳修的《沧浪亭》诗中“清风明月本无价，可惜只卖四万钱”句，下联出于苏舜钦《过苏州》诗中“绿杨白鹭俱自得，近水远山皆有情”句。全园漏窗共108式，图案花纹变化式端，无一雷同，构作精巧，环山就有59个，在苏州古典水宅园中独树一帜。

沧浪亭园中最大的主体建筑是假山东南部面阔三间的“明道堂”。明道堂取“观听无邪，则道以明”意为堂名。为明、清两代文人讲学之所。堂在假山、古木掩映下，屋宇宏敞，庄严肃穆。墙上悬有三块宋碑石刻拓片，分别是天文图，宋舆图和宋平江图(苏州城市图)。相传乾隆帝南巡时，曾召誉满江浙的苏州评弹艺人王周士于此堂内说书。堂南，“瑶华境界”、“印心石层”、“看山楼”等几处轩亭都各擅其胜。折而向北，有馆三间名“翠玲珑”，四周遍植翠竹，取“日光穿竹翠玲珑”意而为名。

竹是沧浪亭自苏舜钦筑园以来的传统植物，亦是沧浪亭的特色之一。现植各类竹20余种。“翠玲珑” 馆连贯几间大小不一的旁室，使小馆曲折，绿意四周，前后芭蕉掩映，竹柏交翠，风乍起，万竿摇空，滴翠匀碧，沁人心脾。同“翠玲珑”相邻的是五百名贤祠，祠中三面粉壁上嵌594幅与苏州历史有关的人物平雕石像，为清代名家顾汀舟所刻。五百名贤只是取其整数而言。

沧浪亭每五幅像合刻一石，上面刻传赞四句，从中可知这些古贤的概况，他们是从春秋至清朝约2520xx年间与苏州历史有关的人物。名贤中的绝大部分是吴人，也有外地来苏为官的名宦。名贤像多数临自古册，也有的来自名贤后裔，具有文献价值。

园中西南有假山石洞，名“印心石屋”。山上有小楼名“看山楼”，登楼可览远近苏州风光。此外还有仰止亭和御碑亭等建筑与之映衬。沧浪亭著名的建筑还有观鱼处等。另有石刻34处，计700多方。

颐和园英文导游词

good morning ladies and gentlemen:

my name is . i’m very honored to be youre guide. i do hope all of you could like my guiding and enjoy everything on your pleasant day. this morning we are going to visit the summer palace. the summer palace is located on the northwest suburbs of beijing, about 20 kilometers away from the center of the city. so it will take us about 1 hour to get there. before we arrived at the summer palace, i would like to introduce you a brief introduction of the woderful imperial garden. the summer palace is the most beautiful and the largest imperial garden existing in chinan, and it is the best-preserved imperial garden in the world. in 1998, it was placed on the list of world cultural heritage by the unesco.

the summer palace was first built as an imperial garden at the beginning of 12th century in the jin dynasty. the construction continued to the yuan and ming dynasties. in the qing dynasty, the building of imperial gardens reached its culmination. during emperor qianlong’s reign, the famous ‘three hills and five gardens’ were built on the northwest suburbs of beijing. the summer palace was a part of it and at that time was called the garden of clear ripples. in 1860, the anglo-french allied forces invaded beijing. the ‘three hills and five gardens’ were burnt down to ashes.

in 1888, the empress dowager cixi spent the navy fund having the garden of clear ripples rebuilt. and then she renamed it the garden of nurtured harmony (summer palace).

in 1900, the allied forces of eight powers invaded beijing. the summer palace was once again severely damaged. it was rebuilt again in 1902.

in 1924, the last emperor puyi was driven out of the palace, after that, the summer palace was turned into a public park.

ladies and gentlemen, please look over there, in front of us is an archway. it is called “emptiness and the collection of excellence”, and it is the first scenery of the summer palace. the two chinese words on the front side of the archway mean emptiness and refer to everything in nature and in the scenery. the two words on the back side mean collection of excellence and refer to the tranquility of the beautiful scenery just within the garden.

(outside the east palace gate)

now, we have arrived at the east palace gate. it’s the main entrance of the summer palace. on top of the gate there is a plaque with three chinese characters ‘the summer palace’ in emperor guangxu’s handwriting. the gate that we are now entering was used by the emperor, the empress only in the old days.

(inside the east palace gate)

now we are inside the summer palace. in front of us is the second gate of the summer palace— the gate of benevolence and longevity. the annex halls on both sides were used for officials on duty and the offices of the privy council. well, before we start our tour in the garden, i will briefly introduce you the layout of the summer palace and our tour route. o.k., ladies and gentlemen, may i have your attention please? let’s look at the map together, from it we can see the summer palace covers an area of 290 hectares, which the lake occupies the three-fourths. the whole garden can be divide into three parts: the area was for political activities, resting places of the emperor and empress, and sightseeing areas. our tour will start from the area of the political activities, and end off the marble boat. on the way, we will visit the main constructions of the summer palace, such as the hall of jade ripples, the hall of happiness and longevity, the long corridor, the hall of dispelling clouds and so on. it will take us about two hours to visit the summer palace. please attention, we won’t walk back and our driver will pick us up at the north gate. should you get lost or separated from the group, please meet us at the north gate.

ok, everyone, let’s start our tour from the emperors’ office --- the hall of benevolence and longevity. follow me please.

(inside the courtyard of the benevolence and longevity)

passing through the gate of benevolence and longevity, we have already entered the courtyard of the hall of benevolence and longevity. the huge rock in front of us is taihu rock. it was quarried from taihu lake in jiangsu province, so it was known as taihu rock. please look around the courtyard and you can see there are four grotesque shaped rocks placed in each corner of this courtyard, representing the four seasons of the year. the taihu rocks are usually used as decoration for beautifying gardens and they are thin, crease, leak and penetration in characters.

the bronze mythical animal behind the taihu rock is known as suanni or some people call it qilin. according to ancient chinese mythology, the dragon had nine sons, but none of them became a real dragon. suanni was one of the nine sons of the dragon. it was an auspicious animal that could avoid evil spirits in ancient lengeds. suanni has the head of dragon, the antlers of dear, the hooves of ox and the tail of lion.

(in front of the hall of benevolence and longevity)

this grand hall is the hall of benevolence and longevity. it was first built in 1750. the name of this hall taken from a book entitled ‘lun yu’ by confucius doctrine means, “ those who are benevolent can enjoy a long life.” this hall was the place where emperor guangxu and empress dowager cixi held audience and handled state affairs when they were in the summer palace. for protecting the historical cultural relic, we couldn’t enter the hall. so i would like to briefly introduce you the decorations in the hall of benevolence and longevity. the arrangement of the hall has been left untouched. in the middle of the hall stands an emperor’s throne carved with nine dragons on design. there are two big fans on both sides behind the throne which are made of peacock feathers. behind the throne there is a big screen with red sandalwood frame and glass mirror inlaid. on the mirror there are 226 chinese characters of the word ‘longevity’ written in different styles. there are two scrolls on each side of the wall with a big chinese character ‘longevity’ written on it. it was said that the word ‘longevity’ written by empress dowager cixi. there are 100 bats painted at the background of the scroll symbolizing happiness.

well, please look up the two pairs of incense burners in the shape of a dragon and a phoenix in front of the hall. they were used to burn incense sticks to create the appropriate atmosphere. in the old days, the dragon and phoenix were the symbol of the emperor and empress. according to ritual, the dragons should be placed in the center while phoenixes were to either side in front of the hall.however, here, the dragons are off to the sides and the phoenixes are in the middle. this was a product of the end of qing dynasty when empress dowager cixi handled state affairs behind the screen.

(at the entrance of garden of virtuour harmony)

we are now visiting the garden of virtuous harmony, where emperor qianlong and empress dowager cixi were entertained with bejing opera performances. it mainly consists of the dressing house, the grand theater building and the hall of pleasure smile. the grand theater building was known as the ‘cradle of beijing opera’ was uniquely laid out and magnificently decorated. there are 7 exhibition halls with articles of daily use on display here.

(in front of the grand theater building)

this is the grand theater building. of the three main theater buildings of the qing dynasty, the grand theater building is the tallest and largest one. the other two are changyin pavilion in the forbidden city and qingyin pavilion in the mountain resort in chengde. the grand theater building, a three-storied structure, has a double roof with upturned eaves. it is 21 meters high and 17 meters wide. performances could be staged simultaneously on three levels. the top one was a symbol of happiness, the middle level was emolument level and the bottom stage was named longevity stage. each level has the entrance and the exit. there are some trapdoors in the ceiling and below the floor for ‘celestial being’ to fly down from the sky and the ‘devils’ to appear from the earth to set off a certain atmosphere on the stage. there is also a well and five ponds built under the stage for a good effect of water scenes. the stage is open to three sides.

well, please look at the construction that stands right opposite the grand theater building, it’s the hall of pleasure smile. the empress dowager cixi used bo sit inside the hall to watch and enjoy the peking opera.

(a lakeside walk from the garden of virtuous harmony to the hall of jade ripples)

we are now standing in the middle of a rockery behind the hall of benevolence and longevity. it appears that there’s nothing special ahead. however, after we clear the rockery, we will reach kunming lake. this is an application of a specific style of chinese

gardening.

now, we are walking along the bank of the kunming lake. look over there, not far away in the lake there is an islet. it’s called the spring heralding islet. the pavilion on the islet is called the spring heralding pavilion. a number of willow trees and peach trees were planted on this islet. in early spring, when the ice begins to melt, peach trees are red in pink blossoms, willow trees turn a tender green signaling that the early spring has returned. hence the name ‘heralding sping pavilion’.

(in front of the hall of jade ripples)

this group of special and quiet courtyard dwellings is the hall of jade ripples. the words “jade ripples” came from a verse “gentle ripples gushing out of jade spring”, which refers to the rippling water in the lake. it was first used by emperor qianlong to attend to state affairs. in the late qing dynasty, it was where emperor guangxu was put under house arrest.

this hall is a hallmark of the movement of 1898. emperor guangxu was emperor dowager cixi’s nephew. after emperor tongzhi died, emperor dowager cixi made her nephew, who was at that time four years old a successor in order to continue her hold on imperial power. she ‘handled state affairs behind the screen’. after emperor guangxu ‘managed state affairs personally’ at the age of 19, a political conflict occurred between the conservatives and the reformers. in 1898, the reform movement took place with the aim of sustaining the core principles of the qing dynasty while reforming outdated laws. the movement lasted for103 days until it was suppressed by empress dowager cixi. it was called the ‘hundred-day reform’. after the reform failed, emperor guangxu was put under house arrest here. for the strict control of him, empress dowager cixi ordered to build many brick walls in the front, back, and on the right and left of the hall of jade ripples. at that time the hall was entirely sealed up, just like a prison. today only the hidden walls in the east and west annex room still maintain its original appearance. it is open to visitors as the relic related to the 1898 reform movement.

(in front of the chamber of collecting books)

this is the chamber of collecting books. in chinese, it’s called “yi yun guang”. “yun” was a kind of fragrant weed. in ancient times, it was usually used as termite repellent in rooms where books were stored.in the emperor qianlong’s reign, the purpose of the hall was for collecting books. later it was converted into a residence. there used to be the residence of guangxu’s empress longyu, and his favorite concubine zhenfei.

(in the hall of happiness and longevity)

this group of courtyard is the hall of happiness and longevity. it was the major architectural structure in the living quarters and the residence of empress dowager cixi. the whole compound was basically made of wood, which is ideal for ventilation and lighting. with its quiet and tasteful layout, the hall of happiness and longevity made life very easy and convenient. in front of the hall of happiness and longevity there is a huge rock placed in the middle of this courtyard named “qing zhi xiu” and nicknamed as “family bankruptcy rock”. this huge rock was discovered in fangshan district by a ming official mi wanzhong. he wanted to transport it to his own garden “shaoyuan”. in the old days, transporting such rock was very difficult. after spending all his money to ship it, he still could not succeed in doing this. the big rock was then left on the roadside somewhere near liangxiang county, 30 kilometers southwest of beijing. hence it was nicknamed “family bancruptcy rock”. later emperor qianlong discovered it and transported to the garden of clear ripples and laid in front of the hall of happiness and longevity. the colorful glass chandeliers hanging inside the hall was introduced from germany in 1903. it is one of the earliest electric lights in china.

(in front of the gate of inviting the moon of the long corridor)

ladies and gentlemen, you may have visited some of the best museums in the world, such as the louvre in france and the museum of great britain. now i will show you a special gallery in the palace—the long corridor. in 1990, the long corridor was listed in the guinness book of world records as ‘the longest painted corridor’ in the world’. it would be a pity if we leave the summer palace without visiting the long corridor and the marble boat. now, here we go, the long corridor first!

(strolling along the long corridor)

the long corridor starts from the gate inviting the moon to the shizhang gate. it is 728 meters long and consists of 273 sections. the long corridor is one of the major structures of the summer palace. since the corridor was designed to follow the physical features of the southern slope of longevity hill, four multiple-eaved, octagonal pavilions ( retaining the goodness pavilion, living with the ripples pavilion, autumn water pavilion, clear and far pavilion) were placed at bends and undulation, they represent four seaons of a year. thus visitors will hardly notice the rise and fall of the terrain. as a major part of the architectural style of the summer palace, the long corridor serves as an ingenious connector between the lake and the hill. scattered buildings on the southern slope were linked to create a unified complex.

the long corridor is the longest covered veranda in any chinese garden. on the purlins and beams of the covered veranda, there are over 14,000 suzhou style paintings. among them, there are 546 color paintings relating to the scenes of west lake in hangzhou, zhejiang province. beside the colorful paintings of natural scenery, there are also scenes of flowers, birds, fish, insects, mythology and figures. the paintings of figures are mainly adapted from ancient chinese classical literature, such as ‘pilgrimage to the west’, ‘the romance of the three kingdoms’, ‘the western chamber’, “water margin’, and ‘the dream of the red mansion’.

(in front of the gate of dispelling clouds)

now we are approaching the central part of the structures on the lakeside slope, the tower of buddhist incense within the hall of dispelling clouds. the central axis line starts from the wharf next to the lake to the sea of wisdom on top of the hill. the main architectural structures here are the gate of dispelling clouds, hall of dispelling clouds, tower of buddhist incense and the sea of wisdom, which altogether form a splendid three-dimensional landscape. the layout of this group of architectures was based on scenes described in buddhist sutras. this group of structures are among the most magnificently constructed here in the summer palace. this is a good place to taking photos, we will stay here for about 15 minutes.

now we are walking continuely along the long corridor, the next scene we are going to visit is marble boat.

look over there! halfway up the slope there stands the hall of listening to orioles. it was the place for emperor and empress to enjoy opera and court music. it is said the singing of orioles is very pleasing. before the garden of virtuous harmony was built, empress dowager cixi enjoyed opera and music here. now the hall is one of the most famous restaurants in china, featuring imperial dishes and desserts.

this is the famous marble boat. a famous scientist of china’s eastern han dynasty once said, “water can float the boat, but it can also tip it over.” a prime minister of tang dynasty wei zheng once used these words to persuade li shimin, the emperor of the tang dynasty. he said people are water and the emperor is the boat. people can support a good emperor. however, they also can overthrow the dynasty. emperor qianlong built this huge boat in the garden in order to make the allusion concrete. on one hand, emperor qianlong encouraged himself to run the country well. on the other hand, he wanted to show that his rule of the qing dynasty was as firm as the marble boat and there was no fear of overturning the boat. the marble boat was the place for emperor qianlong to sample tea and enjoy the scenery of kunming lake. emperor qianlong once came here to engage in the freeing of captive animals. in the times of qianlong, the marble boat was a chinese styled stone boat with a chinese style wooden superstructure on the top of it. when it was rebuilt in the times of guangxu, a foreign and chinese elements mixed resulting in two wheels to be added to the boat, one on each side. the floor was paved with colored bricks. all of the windows were inlaid with multiple-colored glass. a big mirror was installed on the superstructure for viewing rain.

our tour is drawing to a close after we visited the marble boat. today we only visited the major scenic spots of the summer palace. i have left other spots of interest for your next visit. i will now show you out through the ruyi gate. our coach is waiting for us outside the gate. i do hope you enjoyed today’s tour. thank you.

圆明新园以北京圆明园为原稿，按1：1比十景中的十八景修建而成，投资6亿元人民币，是我国首批4A级景区之一。它三面环山，南面平坦开阔，福海湖水域面积8万平方米。圆明新园集，所有建筑景观均按原尺寸仿建。大殿“正大光明”、“九州清晏”、“蓬岛瑶台”、“方壶胜景”组成中轴线为皇家宫殿式建筑群。

远瀛观

远瀛观景点是西洋楼景区的主要景点，从南北轴线上可划分为南、北、中三段。昔日曾是乾隆皇帝宠爱的香妃生活和娱乐的场福海中央，从岛上可隔湖眺望四周如画的景色。

长城

圆明新园的长城是按一比二的比例仿北京古长城而建，起点为南海雄关，终点至郭超山顶，沿途设有众多烽火台供游客风赏珠海全景及澳门景观。

大水法

大水法是远瀛观前的设施。与它前面的喷泉、汉白玉门柱上的精美雕刻组成一种异国情调。

配殿所展示的圆明园的诞生、盛期、焚毁、新园逢时等时期的珍贵图片资料，是中国近、现代史的缩影。

大宫门的上方悬挂着著名书法家启功先生题写的园匾“圆明新园”四个大字。门前的金水桥架落在形如曲月的御河上，桥外耸立着雕刻精美的华表和威武雄壮的石狮。

西洋楼群

建在长春园的一群欧洲式园林建筑，俗称西洋，由海晏堂、远瀛观、大水法等十余个建筑和庭园组成。它建于乾隆十二年至二十四年(传教士朗世宁、蒋友仁、王致诚等设计指导，中国匠师建造。建筑形式是欧洲时期巴洛克风格，造园形式为“勒诺特”风格。但在造园和建筑装饰方面也吸取了我国不少传统方法。例如：这些建筑主体为西洋式，楼顶装饰则采用中国古代传统的琉璃瓦。西洋楼群有几组水法(人工喷泉)颇为别致。

万方安和

万方安和，建于雍正初年公元1720__年。它的建筑形式很奇特，房屋建在水池里，成为一个万字型，寓意四海承平。房屋有三十三间，东西南北，室室曲折相通。在通风、保暖和采光等方面，都有独到的讲究之处，具有冬暖夏凉之妙。雍正帝最喜欢在这里居住。南面正室的匾额题有“万方安和”，后来便成为这一带的统称。雍正四年即“万方安和”建成的第一年，雍正赐弘历(即乾隆)读书于此处。

曲院风荷

始建于公元1720__年左右，这是仿杭州西湖的“曲院”。西湖的曲院，原来是宋朝的一处酿酒作坊，四周有池，荷花最多，随风摇荡其中，因而取名“曲院风荷”。乾隆很喜欢这个景致，于是南巡江南时仿此景置于园中。乾隆曾经赞扬此处佳景赛过杭州西子湖。

濓溪乐处

建于公元一七二七年左右，是园中赏荷的地方。在长满荷叶的水面上，有一组临水殿堂;有伸向水面的香雪廊。乾隆、嘉庆帝也特别喜欢在此吟诗作对。乾隆帝居于圆明园时，在濂溪乐处作诗最多。

平湖秋月

西元1720__年初已建成，是仿杭州西湖十景之一的平湖秋月，造型上融汇了杭州西湖平湖秋月和双峰插云之精华。它依山面湖，竹林茂密，每当秋深月皎，面对十顷澄湖，波光涟漪，有如置身於西子湖畔。

嘉庆曾对石舫有诗云：近水长屋以舫称，逢窗开处称吟。偶然假借名活画，活画方斯恐未能。

欢迎大家来到这!我是你们的导游，我姓_，大家可以叫我小_。为了便于大家参观游玩，下面我首先大家介绍一下。

天星洞景区在天星桥景区中段。在五光十色、变幻无穷的奇峰异石之中，4根大石柱直抵洞顶，柱上石花丛生，如雕龙刻凤，色泽艳丽，洞中主要奇景有布满碳酸钙凝胶体、状若成堆成串葡萄的葡萄厅;有散立在流石滩坝上若"八仙过海"的石笋群;有色彩艳丽、形状奇特的滴石、云碟、云盘，宛若一席金杯玉盏、佳肴琼浆的"天国盛宴";此外，还有仿如"荷塘"、"万里长城"、"冰山雪原"、"苗寨梯田"以及"鸟虫鱼兽、花草树林、瓜果蔬菜"等造型，都异乎寻常的相似，仿佛世界珍奇、天国神物均聚于此，使天星洞更显得玲珑剔透，富丽堂皇。

天星洞

是典型的喀斯特地貌溶洞。洞内自然形成若干大厅和侧厅。在五光十色、变幻无穷的奇峰异石之中，4根大石柱直抵洞顶，柱上石花丛生，如雕龙刻凤，色泽艳丽。溶洞内主要景观以人工为主，造型奇特，显得玲珑剔透，富丽堂皇。

天星盆景区

位于三岔河的伏流表面和河道的两侧。这是一片水上石林景观，面积0.19平方公里，这里有大大小小的天然山石、水石盆景。弯弯曲曲的石板小道，穿行于石壁、石壕、石缝之中，逶迤于盆景边石之上。沿小道游览，抬头是景，低头是景，前后左右皆成景，仿佛到了天上的仙境，地下的迷宫。主要景观有步步景、一线水、空灵石、天星照影、长表峡、侧身岩、歪梳石、寻根岩、鸳鸯藤、盘龙图、美女榕、象鼻石、天星楼、雏鹰出山等。

在天星桥石林附近石头山的半山腰间，有一溶洞叫天星洞，这是黄果树风景区众多洞府里最美丽的溶洞。天星洞的钟乳石以色彩斑斓称著，洞里的石头，赤、橙、黄、绿、青、蓝、紫七色俱全，几乎成了太阳光谱的灵敏折光镜，把大自然的色彩集中到溶洞里了。洞时感觉 有一根25米高的天然石柱，名天星柱，直托洞里顶穹。石柱周围，有一组石头，每一石头都极像盛开的荷花，大小不一，若轻轻敲击，这莲花状的石头就会发出不同音色的乐声，美妙动人。

水上石林区

水上石林区瀑布水自伏流涌出后，流淌一公里左右，便到了水上石林区。河水从石林的上面分开，环流两侧，又在下面交汇，把一座石林围在水中，区内水流蜿蜒曲折，石林星罗棋布，露出水面。水上石林景区主要景观有银练坠潭瀑布、星峡飞瀑布、群榕聚会、根墙屏障、盘根壁画等。由于长年累月的波浪冲击和流水侵蚀，河床形成无数小坑穴，流水漫顶而下，仿若滚珠落玉，阳光这下，闪闪发光，似无数银练坠入潭中。较之云南石林，天星桥的水上石林以"水"见长，大自然在"水"字上做很好的文章。河水在石林中时隐时现，穿行于石峰、石壕、石壁、石缝之间、石林间长着大片的仙人掌和小灌木丛及各种花草，使冰冷的石头上终年绿荫，展现出生命的繁荣。

这座绛红色的建筑就是镇海楼，它是广州文化史迹引人注目的一颗明珠，被誉为岭南第一胜景。镇海楼因其楼高五层而称其为“五层楼”。此楼于明洪武十三年(1380年)，由永嘉侯朱亮祖所建，初名“望海楼”，后又题名为“镇海楼”，有雄镇海疆之意。1956年改为广州博物馆。

关于镇海楼的兴建，有一段有趣的传说。朱元璋得了天下，定都南京，建立明朝之后。一天，他和铁冠道人同游南京钟山，游兴正浓之时，铁冠忽然指着东南方对朱元璋说，广东海面笼罩着青苍苍的一股“王气”，似有“天子”要出世了，必须立刻在广州建造一座楼镇压住“龙脉”，否则日后必成大明的祸患。朱元璋听后，游兴顿失，急忙派人到广东查询，发现广州的越秀山上现王者之气。朱元璋立即下诏，命令镇守广州的永嘉候朱亮祖在山上建一座楼将王气镇住。圣旨下来，朱亮祖自然不敢怠慢，于是，在越秀山上兴建了这座“楼成塔状，塔似楼形”的镇海楼。该楼呈绛红色，据说亦有辟邪镇王之意。

镇海楼是广州现存最完好、最具气势和最富民族特色的古建筑，楼高28米，阔31米，共五层。第一、二层用红砂岩条石砌成，三层以上为砖墙，外墙逐层收减，似楼似塔，红墙绿瓦，造型古朴独特。楼前对峙一对高达二米的红砂岩石狮，为明代雕刻。镇海楼坐北向南，翘檐飞脊，巍峨挺拔，雄镇山巅，气度非凡，独具特色。清初著名诗人屈大均盛赞镇海楼山海形胜、玮丽雄特，虽黄鹤、岳阳不能超过它，实“可以壮三成之观瞻，而奠五岭之堂奥”。在清朝时期，镇海楼一直是广州最高的建筑物。登上楼顶，远眺珠江水波荡漾，波澜壮阔，蔚为壮观;近抚云山层峦叠翠，羊城锦绣，尽收眼底，气象万千。

镇海楼的西侧，是刚介绍过的古城墙，东侧是博物馆的专题陈列室，西面建有碑廊，陈列着历代碑刻24块，是研究历史文化名城的宝贵资料。在林林总总的碑刻中，值得一提的是“贪泉”碑刻，上面刻有晋代广州刺史吴隐之的《贪泉诗》，这里有一个发人深省的故事：

东晋时期，广州由于地处南海之滨，比较富庶，而当地官吏贪污成风。有所谓“经城一过，便得三千两”之说。广州北石门，是中原往来广州必经之地。石门有一泉水，名为贪泉，来广州上任的官员喝了贪泉水就会变为。东晋元兴初期(402—404年)，吴隐之为广州刺吏。他到广州赴任经石门时，听了这个贪泉水会改变人原来廉洁之性的传说，特地酌泉水饮并写诗一首，云：“古人云此水，一歃杯千金，试使夷齐饮，终当不易心。”吴隐之以诗铭志，在广州为官期间，果然清廉自持，留下一个清官形象。后人因而在贪泉建碑，以警示污吏。此碑原竖于石门，1963年移于此。

在碑廊旁边，有一批古炮，是明清时期广州城防大炮，其中四门由佛山所造。当年，林则徐到广州禁烟，为加强广州城的防务，命佛山炮工铸造一批大炮，这些炮便是当年所铸的。大铁炮原安放在越秀山炮台，曾在1841年和1856年的第一、第二次战争期间广州人民抗击外国侵略者的武器。战争失败后，这些铁炮和炮台一同遭遇侵略者的严重破坏，炮身两侧的炮耳被打断，点火的炮眼用铁钉钉死，使大炮失去了作用，这也充分暴露了侵略者狰狞面目与色厉内荏的本质。

五层楼顶层高悬着一个“镇海楼”金色巨匾，两边有一副木刻的楹联：

万千劫危楼尚存，问谁摘斗摩星，目空今古?

五百年故侯安在，使我倚栏看剑，泪洒英雄!

楹联是清光绪年以兵部上书衔赴粤筹办海防的彭玉麟授意其幕僚李棣华所作。联中的“故侯”即镇海楼建筑者朱亮祖，而今楼存人故，可证历史沧桑。“目空今古”和“泪洒英雄”则是有感而发。当年彭玉麟因中法战争率军入粤，驻节镇海楼上。他反对李鸿章议和不成，也只有“泪洒英雄”了。李棣华深知上司胸怀和遭遇，故由咏楼而意境磅礴，是闻名海内外的名联。转瞬六百载，镇海楼下，物换星移，人世全非。只有这绛红的古楼，经历无数劫难，多少风霜寒暑，兵荒马乱，碧瓦朱墙依然如故，它仿佛历史长者的身份，不知疲倦地向人们诉说着逝去的岁月。

五层楼现在是广州博物馆，陈列着广州从新石器时代至近现代共四千余年的历史文物。一楼容千载，两眼通古今。那一片片先人留下的粗糙石器，那一件件斑驳陆离的铜器和古陶瓷，还有发黄的历史文献和照片，让人们了解20__多年来广州城市的发展历史。

五层楼每年接待中外游客数十万人次，1996年月10月和五羊石像一起以“穗石祥楼”之名被评为广州旅游十大美景之一。随着旅游业的发展，原有的陈列已不能满足需求，政府拔专款在楼的东侧兴建了一座二层的古建筑。这座新陈列室小巧玲珑，古色古香，和五层楼交相辉映，相得益彰。

浔阳楼因九江古称浔阳而得名，初为民间酒楼，至今已有1200多年历史，雄距江畔的浔阳楼也历来是名人云集之地。如：白居易、韦应物、苏东坡等等，都曾登楼题吟。留下许多脍炙人口的佳话，更因施耐庵写下一部《水浒》，其中一位主要人物——宋江浔阳楼醉酒题反诗，随着名人名著流芳百世，浔阳楼也蜚声海内外。

浔阳楼是一座具有典型宋代建筑风格的楼宇，又是一个集游览参观、品茗听书、饮酒用餐于一体的旅游景点。由全国佛教协会会长、书法家赵朴初题写的“浔阳楼”匾额赫然高悬，“世间无比酒，天下有名楼”这幅古老的楹联则吸引着无数游客驻足。爱好书画的朋友还可以在楼内欣赏到多幅出自名家之手的书画作品和诗词楹联。

浔阳楼以其独特的风格吸引着南来北往的游客，随着九江的飞速发展，随着世界文化遗产——庐山声誉的提高，越来越为世人所瞩目，古老而又年轻的浔阳楼，必将以其丰富的文化内涵成为长江边上的一颗璀灿的明珠。

九江浔阳楼导游词5

浔阳楼因九江古称浔阳而得名，初为民间酒楼，至今已有1200多年历史，雄距江畔的浔阳楼也历来是名人云集之地。如：白居易、韦应物、苏东坡等等，都曾登楼题吟。留下许多脍炙人口的佳话，更因施耐庵写下一部《水浒》，其中一位主要人物——宋江浔阳楼醉酒题反诗，随着名人名著流芳百世，浔阳楼也蜚声海内外。

浔阳楼是一座具有典型宋代建筑风格的楼宇，又是一个集游览参观、品茗听书、饮酒用餐于一体的旅游景点。由全国佛教协会会长、书法家赵朴初题写的“浔阳楼”匾额赫然高悬，“世间无比酒，天下有名楼”这幅古老的楹联则吸引着无数游客驻足。爱好书画的朋友还可以在楼内欣赏到多幅出自名家之手的书画作品和诗词楹联。

浔阳楼以其独特的风格吸引着南来北往的游客，随着九江的飞速发展，随着世界文化遗产——庐山声誉的提高，越来越为世人所瞩目，古老而又年轻的浔阳楼，必将以其丰富的文化内涵成为长江边上的一颗璀灿的明珠。

The tourists who are sleeping can wake up. I understand that we are alltired. After several hours of long-distance bumps, now we finally arrive at ourdestination today - Jiuhua Mountain. Lets get out of the car and start ourjourney to Jiuhua Mountain. Lets follow me and dont fall behind. At thismoment, we are going up the winding mountain road and the mountain steps toreach Fenghuang pine, the oldest ancient pine in the world. You can have a lookat it, its like a flying phoenix, it seems to welcome us. Along the way ofphase II, I believe that when you hear the chirping of birds and the gurgling ofmountain springs, together with the laughter of our tourist friends, you willnot really answer the old saying "there is no one in an empty mountain, but youcan hear peoples voices".

Now we are halfway up the mountain. In front of us is Guanyin peak. You cansee that the stone is very lifelike, wearing a big red robe. When the mountainwind blows, the red robe flutters slightly, just like the arrival of Guanyin.Further up, you can see the broad ancient Sutra worship platform. You can seethe footprints left on the granite by the Bodhisattva of Tibetans during hismeditation. It is 2 times larger than the footprints of normal people. 9 times!Friends who are interested can take off their shoes and stand in the footprintsof the Bodhisattva of the king of Tibet to see if our feet are only one third ofthat!

Well, now we finally arrive at the terminal, Tiantai temple. Tiantaitemple, also known as dizang temple, is located at the top of Tiantai peak at analtitude of 1306 meters. It is said that there are traces of "Jinxian cave" leftin the holy residence of senior monks in the Tang Dynasty. Standing at the topof the peak, I just feel that the depression in my heart suddenly disappeared,and I feel very comfortable. Although Jiuhua Mountain is not as grand as MountTai or as dangerous as Mount Huangshan, it is famous both at home and abroad forits beauty!

Ladies and gentlemen, Hello! I was 009 among the tour guide, we will visitthe worlds largest hydropower station of the Three Gorges Hydropowerstation.

The Three Gorges is the Qutang gorge, Wu Gorge, Xiling gorge, in general,is located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, between Chongqing andHubei in Yichang. The total length is about 1200 li.

On both sides of the Three Gorges high mountains and lofty hills jijuescenery; meanwhile, sheer precipice and overhanging rocks, the river rushingtide, beauty life insurance is pushing forward despite repeated frustrations,and fascinating. On the trip, youll be amazed at the wonderful scenery of thethree gorges.

Rippling waves in, swim in the mountains, you will also learn the longhistory of the Three Gorges, the great Qu Yuan poet in China, and the beauty ofthe messenger of peace Wang Zhaojuns hometown is here, it seems not only createa generation of three talent, but also to cultivate the peerless beauty, reallyis outstanding, Li Bai and many other poets have words in three gorges. It seemsthat the Three Gorges not only have a good view, but also have a longhistory.

The Three Gorges hydropower station, which we are about to visit, has thelargest hydroelectric generating unit in the world. It is expected to become thelargest hydropower station in the world

The Three Gorges is really one of the great treasures in the world!

Well, let us follow the footsteps of the saints, together to explore themystery of the three gorges! I believe we will definitely not!

关于英文的导游词

今天就给大家分享两篇国内关于英文的导游词给大家欣赏，希望你们喜欢哦。谢谢欣赏。

湖北三峡英文导游词

Good morning, ladies and Gentlemen, Welcome to China! Welcome to Hubei Province!

Today I am very pleased to show you Three Gorges of Yangtze River.

At first I’ll have a brief introduction of Yangtze River, the Yangtze River, the biggest river in China, the third longest in the World, starts with the Tuotuo River at the Roof of the World -Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, takes in countless rivers, and flows eastward across the interior of China. With an overall length of more than 6,300 kilometers, the Yangtze River, next only to the Amazon and the Nile, is the third biggest river in the world and is a cradle that breeds the ancient civilization of the Chinese nation.

When the Yangtze River reaches the eastern Sichuan Basin in southwest China, it cuts through the Wushan Mountain. Here the river course suddenly narrows and the waters become turbulent. Sheer cliffs and steep mountains rise on either side, creating one of natures most fantastic sights. The Three Gorges---Qutang, wuxia and xiling----start just after Fengjie and end near Yichang, stretch about 200 kilometers. The Gorges vary from 300metres at their widest to less than 100 meters at their narrowest.

Qutang Gorge is the smallest and shortest Gorge, but grandest of the three. The Yangtze River, mighty and rapid here is suddenly contained like a thousand seas poured into one cup, as the Song Dynasty poet SU Tungpo described the spectacle. High on the both bank, at a place called Bellows Gorge, are a series of crevices. This area is said to have been the home of an ancient tribe whose custom was to place the coffins of their crevices, some containing bronze swords, armour and other artifacts, but the coffins are believed to date back as far as the Warring States Period (475bc----221BC)

Wu Gorge extends 40 kilometers along which the river snakes between based strange-shaped mountain peaks, each of which has a reputation based on a beautiful legend. The story of the 12 Peaks of Wushan goes like this: 12 nymphs once descended to enjoy themselves in the secular world. Finding how perilous Wushan Gorge was, they decided to stay there to protect ships. As time went by, they transformed themselves into 12 peaks. The Goddess Peak, the most graceful of the 12, is said to have been yaoji, the youngest daughter of the Queen mother of the Western Heaven .Goddess Peak stands out from the other peaks on the northern bank to be the first to greet the morning sun and the last to bid it farewell, hence its another name, Viewing the glow Peak. Seen at a distance, it resembles the silhouette of a beautiful young lady.

Down stream from the zigzagging Wuxia Gorge is Xiling Gorge which stretches 78 kilometers eastward and the cliffs on either side rise to just over 900 meters. Xiling Gorge is awesome with its dangerous rapids, shoals, reefs, sharp turns, billowy whirlpools. The water at one point is so turbulent that it seems to be boiling during the flood season. Xiling Gorge in the east consists of several small gorges. On the top of another is a rock that looks like a sword. On the crag of the north bank are two pieces of brown rock, which are named Bulls Liver and Horse Lung, whose shape they take. Next does the Lantern Shadow Gorge, which has four rocks, resemble Monk Xuan Zang and his three disciples---Monkey, Piggy and Sandy in the classic Chinese adventures of the four on their way to India to obtain Buddhist scriptures.

Around the last bend of Xiling Gorge stretches a vast plain. The river suddenly becomes wide here. Travelers on the Yangtze cruise may also visit many sites of historical and scenic interest along the river banks including the ruined of baidi Town and Precious Stone Village.

Everyone knows that the Yangtze Gorges are changing since the well-known Three Gorges Dam Project is being built at Sabdouping, Yichang, Hubei Province. The dam is 181 meters in height. Its construction investment comes up to 203.9 billion rmb, equals to 24.65 billion U.S. dollars. The installed power generation capacity is expected to be 18.2 million kilo watts. With the dam built, the flood in the Yangtze River valley will be controlled, navigation improved besides the economic benefits. Tourism will be little affected. Many cultural and historical relics are now being removed to a higher ground before the rise of the water level approaches.

Ladies and Gentlemen, the time has gone very quickly and your trip is drawing to a close. It’s a pity that you cannot stay here any longer. Please allow me, then, take this opportunity to thank you for your cooperation and understanding, and if you come back in the future, I hope to see you again and be your guide again.

北京故宫英文导游词

(In front of the meridian gate)

Ladies and Gentlemen:

I am pleased to serve as your guide today.

This is the palace museum; also know as the Purple Forbidden City. It is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in China today. Under Ming Emperor Yongle, construction began in 1406. It took 14years to build the Forbidden City. The first ruler who actually lived here was Ming Emperor Zhudi. For five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when Qing Emperor Puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .In 1987, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization recognized the Forbidden City was a world cultural legacy.

It is believed that the Palace Museum, or Zi Jin Cheng (Purple Forbidden City), got its name from astronomy folklore, The ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the Ziwei Yuan(North Star). The constellation containing the North Star was called the Constellation of Heavenly God and star itself was called the purple palace. Because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. In folklore, the term ”an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, LaoZi, to the Hanghu Pass. Here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. The word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.

The red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. Red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. Yellow is the color of the earth on the Loess Plateau, the original home of the Chinese people. Yellow became an imperial color during the Tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.

The Forbidden City is rectangular in shape. It is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west. It has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters .A 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex. Octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall. There are four entrances into the city: the Meridian Gate to the south, the Shenwu Gate(Gate of Military Prowess) to the north, and the Xihua Gate(Gate of military Prowess) to the north, and the Xihua Gate(Western Flowery Gate )to the west ,the Donghua (Eastern Flowery Gate) to the east.

Manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the Forbidden City. A total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed. Marble was quarried from fangshan Country Mount Pan in Jixian County in Hebei Province. Granite was quarried in Quyang County in Hebei Province. Paving blocks were fired in kilns in Suzhou in southern China. Bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in Shandong Province .Timber was cut ,processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions.

The structure in front of us is the Meridian Gate. It is the main entrance to the forbidden City. It is also knows as Wufenglou(Five-Phoenix Tower). Ming emperors held lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of the Chinese lunar year in hornor of their counties .They also used this place for punishing officals by flogging them with sticks.

Qing emperors used this building to announce the beginning of the new year. Qing Emperor Qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremony from ban li(announcement of calendar)to ban shou(announcement of new moon )to avoid coincidental association with another Emperor` s name, Hongli, which was considered a taboo at that time. Qing Dynasty emperors also used this place to hold audience and for other important ceremonies. For example,when the imperial army returned victoriously from the battlefield ,it was here that the Emperor presided over the ceremony to accept prisoners of war.

(After entering the Meridian Gate and standing in front of the Five Marble Bridges on Golden Water River)

now we are inside the Forbidden City.Before we start our tour, I would like to briefly introduce you to the architectural patterns befour us .To complete this solemn, magnificent and palatial complex, a variety of buildings were arranged on a north-south axis, and 8-kilometer-long invisible line that has become an inseparable part of the City of Beijing. The Forbidden City covers roughly one –third of this central axis. Most of the important building in the Forbidden City weree arranged along this line. The design and arrangement of the palaces reflect the solemn dignity of the royal court and rigidly –stratified feudal system.

The Forbidden City is divided into an outer and an inner count.We are now standing on the southernmost part of the outer count. In front of us lies the Gate of supreme Harmony .The gate is guarded by a pair of bronze lions ,symbolizing imperial power and dignity. The lions were the most exquisite and biggest of its kind. The one on the east playing with a ball is a male, and ball is said to represent state unity. The other one is a female. Underneath one of its fore claws is a cub that is considered to be a symbol of perpetual imperial succession. The winding brook before us is the Golden Water River. It functions both as decoration and fire control .The five bridges spanning the river represent the five virtues preached by Confucius :benevolence, righteousness, rites, intellence and fidelity. The river takes the shape of a bow and the north-south axis is its arrow. This was meant to show that the Emperors ruled the country on behalf of God.

(In front of the Gate of Supreme Harmony)

The Forbidden City consists of an outer countyard and an inner enclosure. The out count yard covers a vast space lying between the Meridian Gate and the Gate of Heavenly Purity. The “three big halls” of Supreme Harmony, Complete Harmony and Preserving Harmony constitute the center of this building group. Flanking them in bilateral symmetry are two groups of palaces: Wenhua (Prominent Scholars) and Wuying (Brave Warriors) . The three great halls are built on a spacious “H”-shaped, 8-meter-high, triple marble terrace, Each level of the triple terrace is taller than the on below and all are encircled by marble balustrades carved with dragon and phoenix designs. There are three carved stone staircases linking the three architectures .The hall of supreme Harmony is also the tallest and most exquisite ancient wooden-structured mansion in all of China. From the palace of Heavenly Purith northward is what is known as the inner court, which is also built in bilaterally symmetrical patterns. In the center are the Palace of Heavenly Purity, the Hall of Union and Peace and Palace of Earthly Tranquility, a place where the Emperors lived with their families and attended to state affairs. Flanking these structures are palaces and halls in which concubines and princes lived. There are also three botanical gardens within the inner count, namely, the imperial Garden, Caning garden and Quailing garden. An inner Golden Water River flows eastwardly within the inner court. The brook winds through three minor halls or palaces and leads out of the Forbidden City. It is spanned by the White Jade Bridge. The river is lined with winding, marble –carved balustrades. Most of the structures within the Forbidden City have yellow glazed tile roofs.

Aside from giving prominence to the north-south axis, other architectural methods were applied to make every group of palatial structures unique in terms of terraces, roofs, mythical monsters perching on the roofs and colored, drawing patterns. With these, the grand contour and different hierarchic spectrum of the complex were strengthened. Folklore has it that there are altogether 9,999 room-units in the Forbidden City. Since Paradise only has 10,000 rooms, the Son of Heaven on earth cut the number by half a room. It is also rumoured that this half –room is located to the west of the Wenyuange Pavilion (imperial library). As a matter of fact, although the Forbidden City has more than 9,000 room-units, this half-room is nonexistent .The Wenyuange Pavilion is a library where “Si Ku Quan Shu”- China `s first comprehensive anthology-was stored.

(After walking past the Gate of Supreme Harmony)

Ladies and Gentlemen, the great hall we are approaching is the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the biggest and tallest of its king in the Forbidden City. This structure covers a total building space of 2,377 square meters, and is know for its upturned, multiple counterpart eaves . The Hall of Supreme Harmony sits on a triple “H”-shaped marble terrace the is 8meters high and linked by staircases. The staircase on the ground floor has 21 steps while the middle and upper stairways each have 9.

The construction of the Hall of Supreme Harmony began in 1406. It burned down three times and was severely damaged once during a mutiny. The existing architecture was built during the Qing Dynasty. On the corners of the eaves a line of animal-nails were usually fastened to the tiles. These animal-nails were later replace with mythical animals to ward off evil spirits. There are altogether 9 such fasteners on top of this hall. The number nine was regarded by the ancients to be the largest numeral accessible to man and to which only the emperors were entitled.

There was a total of 24 successive emperors during the Ming and Qing dynasties who were enthroned here. The ball was also used for ceremonies which marked other great occasions: the Winter Solstice, The Chinese Lunar New Year, the Emperor` s birthday, conferral of the title of empress, the announcement of new laws and policies, and dispatches of generals to war .On such occasions, the Emperor would hold audience for his court officials and receive their tributes.

This area is called the Hall of Supreme Harmony Square, which covers a total of 30,000 square meters, Without a single tree or plant growing here, this place inspires visitors to feel its solemnity and grandeur. In the middle of the square there is a carriageway that was reserved for the Emperor. On both sides of the road the groud bricks were laid in a special way seven layers lengthwise and eight layers crosswise, making up fifteen layers in all. The purpose of this was to prevent anyone from tunneling his way into the palace. In the count yard there are iron vats for storing water to fight fires. In the whole complex there are altogher 308 water vats. In wintertime, charcoal was burned underneath the vats to keep the water from freezing .Why so vast a square? It was designed to impress people with the hall` s grandeur and vastness. Imagine the following scene. Under the clear blue sky, the yellow glazed tiles shimmered as the cloud-like layers of terrace, coupled with the curling veil of burning incense, transformed the hall of supreme Harmony into a fairyland. Whenever major ceremonies were held, the glazed, crane-shaped candleholders inside the hall would be it, and incense and pine branches burnt in front of the hall. When the Emperor appeared, drums were beaten and musical instrument played. Civilian officials and generals would kneel know in submission.

The last Qing emperor Puyi assumed the throne in 1908, at the age of three, His father carried him to the throne. At the start of the coronation, the sudden drum-beating and loud music caught the young emperor unprepared .He was so scared that he kept crying and shouting,”I don’t want to stay here. I want to go home.” His father tried to soothe him, saying, ”It` all soon be finished .It` all soon be finished ”The ministers present at the event considered this incident inauspicious. Coincidentally, the Qing dynasty collapsed three years later and there with concluded China `s feudal system that had lasted for more than 2,000 years.

(On the stone terrace of the Hall of Supreme Harmony)

This is a bronze incense burner. In it incense made of sandalwood would be burnt on important occasions. There are altogether 18 incense burners, representing all of the provinces under the rule of the Sing monarchs. On either side of the Hall, 4 bronze water-filled vats were placed in case of fire. Next to the terrace on either side, there is a bronze crane and tortoise, symbols of longevity. This copper-cast grain measure is called ”jialiang.” It served as the national standard during the Qing dynasty. It was meant to show that the imperial ruler were just and open to rectification. On the other side there is a stone sundial, an ancient timepiece. The jialiang and the sundial were probably meant to show what the Emperor represented: that he was the only person who should possess the standards of both measure and time.

In the very forefront of the Hall of Supreme Harmony , there are 12 scarlet , round pillars supporting the roof. The hall is 63 meters from east to west and 37 meters from north to south, It is 35 meters in height. In front of this architechture, there stands a triple terrace with five staircases leading up to the main entrance .It has 40 gold doors and 16 gold-key windows with colored drawings on the pillars and beams. In the middle of the hall, a throune carved with 9 dragons sits on a 2-meter-high platform. Behind the throne there is a golden screen and in front of it, there is a imperial desk . The flanks are decorated with elephants, Luduan(a legendary beast), cranes, and incense barrels. The elephant carries a vase on its back that holds five cereals(i. e. rice, two kinds of millet, wheat and beans),which was considered a symbol of prosperity. As ancient legend has it that luduan can travel 18,000 li (9,000 kilometers )in one day and knows all languages and dialects. Only to a wise adjust monarch will this beast be a guardian.

The Hall of Supreme Harmony is also popularly known as Jinluan Dian (gold bell hall or the throne hall). The floor of the hall is laid with bricks that turn it into a smooth, fine surface as if water has been sprinkled on it .The so-called golden brick, in fact, has nothing to do with gold. Reserved exclusively for the construction of the royal court, it was made in a secretive, and complex way, and, when struck, sounds like the clink of a gold bar. Each brick was worth the market price of one dan (or one hectoliter ) of rice.

The hall is supported by a total of 72 thick pillars .Of these, 6 are carved in dragon patterns and painted with gold and surround the throne. Above the very center of this hall there is a zaojing, or covered ceiling, which is one of the Specialities of China `s ancient architure. In the middle of the ceiling is a design of a dragon playing with a ball inlaid with peals. This copper ball, hollow inside and covered with mercury, is known as the Xuanyuan Mirror and is thought to be made Xuanyuan, a legendary monarch dating back to remote antiquity. The placing of the caisson above the throne is meant to suggest that all of China` s successive emperors are Zuanyuan` s descendants and hereditary heirs. Now you might have noticed that the Xuanyuan mirror is not directly above the throne. Why? It is rumored that Yuan Shikai, a self-acclaimed warlord-turned emperor moved the throne further back because he was afraid that the mirror might fall on him .In 1916 when Yuan Shikai became emperor, he removed the original throne with a Western-style, high-back chair. After the foundation of the People` s Republic of China in 1949 the throne was found in a shabby furniture warehouse. It repaired and returned to the hall.

(Leading the tourist to the bronze vats either on the east or the west)

the water vats in front of the palaces or house were called “menhai,” or sea before the door by the ancient Chinese. They believed that with a sea by the door, fire could not wreak havoc. The vats served both as a decoration and as a fire extinguisher. They were kept full of water all year round.

During the Qing Dynasty, they were altogether 308 vats in the palace enclosure. They were made of gilt bronze or iron. Of couse, the gilt bronze vats were of the best quality. When the allied forces (Britain, Germany, France, Russia, the United States, Italy, Japan and Austria) invaded Beijing in 1900 under the pretext of suppressing the Boxer Rebellion, the invaders ransacked the imperial compound and scraped and gold off the vats with their bayonets. During the Japanese occupation of Beijing, many vats were trucked away by the Japanese to be made into bullets .

(In front of the Hall of Complete Harmony)

The square architecture before us is called the Hall of Complete Harmony. It served as an antechamber. The Emperor came here to meet with his countiers and add his final touches to the prayers which would be read at the ancestral Temple. The seeds, snowers and prayer intended for spring sowing were also examined here. The two Qing sedan chairs here on display were used for traveling within the palace during the reign of Emperor Qianlong.

(In front of the hall f Preserving Harmony)

this is the Hall of Preserving Harmony. During the Qing Dynasty, banquets were held here on New Year` s eve in honour of Mongolian and Northwestern China` s xingjiang princes and ranking officials. The Emperor also dinned here with his new son-in-law on the wedding day. Imperial examinations were also held here once every three years. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were three levels of exams: the county and prefectural level, the provincial level and national level. The national exam was presided over by the emperor. The civil service exam in ancient China started during the Han Dynasty. It served the purpose of recruiting Confucian scholars to the ministers and high officials. During the Tang and Qing dynasties reinstituted and ancient system. Once every three years, three hundred scholars from all over the country came to Beijing and took exams for three day and night. This system was abolished in 1905.

(Behind the hall of preserving harmony)

this is the largest stone carving in the palace . It is 16.73 meters long, 3.07 meters wide and 1.7 meters thick .It weighs about 200 tons. The block was quarried in Fangshan County, roughly 70 kilometers away. To transport such a huge block to Beijing, laborers dug wells along the roadside half a kilometer apart, and used the groundwater to make a road of ice in the winter. Rolling blocks were used in the summer. In 1760, Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty ordered the carving of the existing cloud and dragon design in place of the old one which dated back to the Ming Dynasty.

Note : From here, the tour can be conducted via three different routes: a western route(Route A), a central route (Route B) or an eastern route (Route C) .The commentary for each follows.

Route A

Ladies and Gentlemen:

You have seen the three main halls of the Forbidden City. Now I ` d like to show you around the hall of mental cultivation and the imperial garden . The hall of mental cultivation is situated is in the western part of the innermost enclosure and is symmetrical to Fengxian (enshrinement of forebears) Hall in the east. This hall was built during the Ming Dynasty. IT is a H-shaped structure consisting of an antechamber and a main building .The hall is surrounded by corridors. In front of the hall is the Office of Privy Council.

Before Emperor Kangxi of Qing the Dynasty came to power the Hall of Heavenly Purity served as the living quarter of the emperors. Emperor Yongzheng chose to live in this hall and attended to every day state affairs from here .For the sake of protecting cultural relics, this hall is not open to the public .You can have a look at the inside from the door. The central hall was the audience chamber where the emperor read memorials, granted audience to officials and summoned his minsters for consultation. The western chamber of the hall was where the emperor read reports and discussed military and political affairs. The hall consists of many inner rooms and is decorated with images of Buddha and miniature pagodas. On the screen wall there hangs a picture of two emperors in the Han costume. In a southern room there three rare calligraphic scrolls, hence the name of the room “Sanxitang” (Room of Three Rare Treasures) . The room on the eastern side is of historical interst because it was here that Empress Dowager Cixi usurped power and made decisions on behalf of the young emperor . A bamboo curtain was used to separate them .

Empress Dowage Cixi was born in 1835 in Lu` an Prefecture of shanxi province. She` s of Manchurian nationality and her father was a provincial governor from south China. When she was 17 years old ,she was selected to become a concubine of Emperor Xianfeng and moved into the Forbidden City. She gave birth to a son when she was 21years old and was made a concubine the following year. When the emperor passed away in the summer of 1861, her son ascended the throne and title of Cixi, meaning “Holy Mother” was conferred upon her and she became the Empress Dowager. In that same year Empress Dowager Cixi carried out a count coup d` etat and ruled behind the scenes with another empress dowager, Ci` an, for 48 years. She passed away in 1908 at the age of 73. It was in reference to this situation that the term “attending to state affairs behind a bamboo curtain” developed .In 1912 , Empress dowager Longyu declared the abdication of the last Qing emperor Puyi. They were allowed to remain in the Forbidden City for the next 13 years .The royal family was forced to move out permanently in 1924.

Behind the central hall were the living accommodation of 8 successive Qing emperors .Three of them actually passed away here. The side rooms flanking the hall were reserved for empresses and concubines. Now let` s continue with our tour. It will take us to the Hall of heavenly purity , the hall of union and peace ,the palace of earthly tranquility, and the imperial garden.

Route B

(Inside the Hall of heavenly Purity)

Ladies and Gentlemen:

We are now entering the inner court. From the Gate of Heavenly Purity northward lies the inner court where the emperors and empresses once lived .The Hall of heavenly Purity is the central hall of the inner court ,and was completed during the Reign of Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty. There are 10 pillars supporting the entire structure and the hall is 20 meters in height .In the center of the hall there a throne. Above it hangs a plaque with an inscription that reads “Be open and above-board,” written by Shenzhi,the first emperor of the Qing Dynasty. Beginning with Qianlong` s reign, the name of the successor to the throne was not publicly announced .instead, it was written on two pieces of paper, one to be kept on the emperor` s person throughout his reign, and the other placed in a small strongbox that was stored behind his plaque. The box was opened only after the emperor passed away. Altogether there where 4 emperors who ascended the throne in this way, namely Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daohuang and Xian feng.

The hall of heavenly purity was where the emperors lived during the Ming and Qing dynasties. According to tradition ,extravagant annual banquets were held here on New Year` s Eve in honour of royal family members. Foreign ambassadors were received here during the late-Qing period. Two important “one thousand old men` s feasts” of the Qing Dynasty were also held here. All the invitees had to be at least 65 years of age.

This hall was also used for mourning services.

(Inside the Palace of Union and Peace)

this hall sits between the Hall of heavenly Purity and the Palace of Earthly Tranquility, symbolizing the union of heaven and earth ,as well as national peace .It was first built in 1420 and reconstructed in 1798. The hall is square in shape ,and is smaller than the Hall of complete Harmony .You will see a plaque here inscribed with two Chinese characters, wu wei, which were handwritten by Emperor Qianglong. A throne sits in the middle of the hall with a screen behind it .Above the throne there hangs a caisson ,or covered ceiling. The emperor held birthday celebrations and other major events here.

In 1748 during Emperor Qianlong` s reign, 25 jade seals representing imperial authority were kept in this hall .No seals were allowed out of the room without the prior consent of the emperor. On each flack there is a water clock and a chiming clock.

(Inside the palace of earthly tranquility)

This used to be the central hall where successive Ming empresses lived. During the Qing dynasty, it was converted into a place where sacrifices and wedding ceremonies were held .The room on the western side was used for sacrifices and the room on the east was the seeding chamber.

Route C

Ladies and Gentlemen:

You have seen the three main halls of the Forbidden City. Now I` d like to show you around scenes of interest along the eastern route. The first is the Treasure Hall. This mansion is called the Hall of Imperial Zenith. This is where Sing Emperor Quailing lived after abdication. Nearly 1,000 artifacts and treasures are on display here, among which the Golden Hair Tower is one of the most famous. This tower is 1.53meters in height and its base is 0.53 meters in circumference .It was built under the order of Emperor Quailing to be used to collect fallen hair in commemoration of his mother. There is also a “Day harnessing Water Jade Hill ” on display here. Yu was a legendary monarch of the remote Ixia dynasty. Under his leadership, the people learned how to harness the Yellow River. This jade assemblage, 224 centimeters in height and 5 tons in weight, is the largest jade artwork in China. This mat was woven with peeled ivory. These artifacts are among China` s rarest treasures.

(In front of the Nine-Dragon Screen)

this is the Nine-Dragon Relief Screen .Erected in 1773,it is 3.5 meters in height and 29.4 meters in width. Underneath is a foundation made of marble .The surface of the screen is laid with a total of 270 colored, glazed tiles in the design of 9 dragons ,some rocky mountains ,clouds and the sea. It was meant to ward off evil spirits The ancient Chinese regarded 9 dragons, some rocky mountains, clouds and the sea. It was meant to ward off evil spirits .The ancient Chinese regarded 9 as the largest numeral and the dragon as a auspicious beast .The 9 dragons are different in color and posture and all are made of glazed tiles. Interestingly a piece of the third dragon from the left is made of wood. It is believe that when the Nine-dragon Screen was almost finished ,a piece of glazed tile was damaged .Emperor Qianlong was scheduled to inspect the work the following day .Using quick wits, the craftsman in question molded the missing piece with clay and sailed through the imperial inspection. Later ,he asked a carpenter to carve a wooden one to replace the one made of clay.

(Approaching the Imperial Garden)

Behind the Palace of Earthly Tranquility and trading the north-south axis is the imperial Garden. There are old trees, rare flowers and exotic rock formation in this garden .It cover a space of 11,700 square meters, or roughly 1.7 percent of the Forbidden City. Most of the structures in the garden are symmetrically arranged . However, each is different in terms of parrern and decoration. Woods clumps of bamboo screen off the garden and strengthens its deep and serene atmosphere.

There main structure of the Imperial Garden is the Qin` an Hall. Positioned in the central-northern part of the garden ,this hall is flanked by other halls and pavilions on the east and west. The hall sits on a marble pedestal. The Taoist deity of Zhenwu is enshrined here and emperor would pay homage here a quarterly basis. Taoist rites were held during the reign of Emperor Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty. In front of the hall there is a cypress that is 400 years old .In all there are a dozen such rare trees in the garden, and most of them are cypresses or pines. To the northwest of the hall , there is the Yanhui(Sustaining Sunshine) Pavilion and to the northeast there lies the Duixiu (Accumulated Refinement )Hill. This Hill was built over the foundation of the long- pershed Guanhua (Admiring Flowers) Hall of the Ming Dynasty. It is 14 meters in height and made of al kinds of rocks quarried in jiang su province. At its base stand two nstone lions, each carrying a dragon shooting water 10 meters up into the air from its mouth. There are meandering paths leading to the hilltop. At the top of Duixiu Hill sits the Yujing (Imperial Viewing)Pavilion. Traditionally, On the day of the Double Ninth Festival (the ninth day of the ninth lunar month ), the emperor ,his consort, and his concubines would climb up to Yujing Pavilion to enjoy the scenery.

At the southeastern corner of the Garden is Jiangxue(Crimson Snowy) Verandah. Nearby to the southwest lies Yangxing Study (study of the cultivation of nature) .The yangxing study was used as a royal library during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. The last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, Puyi once studied English there. In front of the Jiangxue Verandah some Chinese flowering crabapples grow. The structure got its name from the crabapples who blossoms trun from crimson to snowy white. In front of the Verandah, there grows a rare flower that was brought from henna Province under the order of Empress dowager Cixi. In the northest is Chizao Tang (Hall of Using Flowery Language), once used as a library where rare books were stored.

There are also specific pavilions symbolizing the four seasons .The halls of Wanchun and Qianqiu ,representing spring and autumn respectively ,are square in shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shaped ridges. The halls of Chengrui and Fubi,dedecated to winter and summer, are characterized by two verandahs and bridges at their bases .Paths were paved with colorful pebbles and arranged in 900 different designs.

The Imperial Garden can be accessed through the Qiong yuan (Jade Garden )West gate or the qiong yuan east gate. A third gate, the shunzhen(Obedience and Fidelity)Gate, opens to the north. Its doors are laid in glazed tiles and it was only used by the empress or concubines.

As our tour of the Forbidden City draws to a close, I hope that I have helped you understand why the Palace is a treasure of China and one of the cultural relics of the world. It is under the strict protection of the Chinese government. Since 1949 when the people` s Rupublic of China was founded, nearly one trillion RMB was spent on its restoration and refurbishment. The Forbidden City has undergone four major facelifts to date. Each year, the government earmarks a large sum to gather, sort and study cultural relics. The Palace now contains a total of 930,000cultural relics. Well, so much for today .Let` s go to reboard the coach. Thank you !