昆明导游词英文介绍20篇

束河位于丽江城北，沿柏油马路向雪山方向行驶，约五公里处左转， 进入一碎石路段，再前行约2公里，你便可以见到一个古老的村落,这就是束河，又名龙泉村。

进入束河村，你可直抵束河中心集市，在这里你会有一种似曾相识的感觉，这是一个类似大研镇古城四方街的广场，面积约250平方米，亦称束河四方街,赶集的日子里异常热闹，曾是丽江皮毛交易集散之地。广场四周均为店铺，古老的木板门面，暗红色油漆。还有店前黑亮的青石，脚下斑驳的石坡路面，以及闲坐的老人，勾勒出束河古朴自然本色。站在广场中心，你细细观察体会，大研古城四方街完全是束河的翻版，纳西民族由游牧向农耕，再走向城市，从这里你可找出一些痕迹。

沿束河街北走100米，便可找到溪流的源头“九鼎龙潭 ”，潭水透明清澈，日夜涌泉，束河人奉为神泉，于是建有北泉寺。寺内陈设与古城其它寺院没有什么区别，倒是源边临水一角，有一个“三圣宫”楼阁，为传统四合院，里面供奉的皮匠祖师。因为是束河人的骄傲，这里有很多制皮的能工巧匠，同时也是重要皮毛集散之地。

关于英文的导游词

今天就给大家分享两篇国内关于英文的导游词给大家欣赏，希望你们喜欢哦。谢谢欣赏。

湖北三峡英文导游词

Good morning, ladies and Gentlemen, Welcome to China! Welcome to Hubei Province!

Today I am very pleased to show you Three Gorges of Yangtze River.

At first I’ll have a brief introduction of Yangtze River, the Yangtze River, the biggest river in China, the third longest in the World, starts with the Tuotuo River at the Roof of the World -Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, takes in countless rivers, and flows eastward across the interior of China. With an overall length of more than 6,300 kilometers, the Yangtze River, next only to the Amazon and the Nile, is the third biggest river in the world and is a cradle that breeds the ancient civilization of the Chinese nation.

When the Yangtze River reaches the eastern Sichuan Basin in southwest China, it cuts through the Wushan Mountain. Here the river course suddenly narrows and the waters become turbulent. Sheer cliffs and steep mountains rise on either side, creating one of natures most fantastic sights. The Three Gorges---Qutang, wuxia and xiling----start just after Fengjie and end near Yichang, stretch about 200 kilometers. The Gorges vary from 300metres at their widest to less than 100 meters at their narrowest.

Qutang Gorge is the smallest and shortest Gorge, but grandest of the three. The Yangtze River, mighty and rapid here is suddenly contained like a thousand seas poured into one cup, as the Song Dynasty poet SU Tungpo described the spectacle. High on the both bank, at a place called Bellows Gorge, are a series of crevices. This area is said to have been the home of an ancient tribe whose custom was to place the coffins of their crevices, some containing bronze swords, armour and other artifacts, but the coffins are believed to date back as far as the Warring States Period (475bc----221BC)

Wu Gorge extends 40 kilometers along which the river snakes between based strange-shaped mountain peaks, each of which has a reputation based on a beautiful legend. The story of the 12 Peaks of Wushan goes like this: 12 nymphs once descended to enjoy themselves in the secular world. Finding how perilous Wushan Gorge was, they decided to stay there to protect ships. As time went by, they transformed themselves into 12 peaks. The Goddess Peak, the most graceful of the 12, is said to have been yaoji, the youngest daughter of the Queen mother of the Western Heaven .Goddess Peak stands out from the other peaks on the northern bank to be the first to greet the morning sun and the last to bid it farewell, hence its another name, Viewing the glow Peak. Seen at a distance, it resembles the silhouette of a beautiful young lady.

Down stream from the zigzagging Wuxia Gorge is Xiling Gorge which stretches 78 kilometers eastward and the cliffs on either side rise to just over 900 meters. Xiling Gorge is awesome with its dangerous rapids, shoals, reefs, sharp turns, billowy whirlpools. The water at one point is so turbulent that it seems to be boiling during the flood season. Xiling Gorge in the east consists of several small gorges. On the top of another is a rock that looks like a sword. On the crag of the north bank are two pieces of brown rock, which are named Bulls Liver and Horse Lung, whose shape they take. Next does the Lantern Shadow Gorge, which has four rocks, resemble Monk Xuan Zang and his three disciples---Monkey, Piggy and Sandy in the classic Chinese adventures of the four on their way to India to obtain Buddhist scriptures.

Around the last bend of Xiling Gorge stretches a vast plain. The river suddenly becomes wide here. Travelers on the Yangtze cruise may also visit many sites of historical and scenic interest along the river banks including the ruined of baidi Town and Precious Stone Village.

Everyone knows that the Yangtze Gorges are changing since the well-known Three Gorges Dam Project is being built at Sabdouping, Yichang, Hubei Province. The dam is 181 meters in height. Its construction investment comes up to 203.9 billion rmb, equals to 24.65 billion U.S. dollars. The installed power generation capacity is expected to be 18.2 million kilo watts. With the dam built, the flood in the Yangtze River valley will be controlled, navigation improved besides the economic benefits. Tourism will be little affected. Many cultural and historical relics are now being removed to a higher ground before the rise of the water level approaches.

Ladies and Gentlemen, the time has gone very quickly and your trip is drawing to a close. It’s a pity that you cannot stay here any longer. Please allow me, then, take this opportunity to thank you for your cooperation and understanding, and if you come back in the future, I hope to see you again and be your guide again.

北京故宫英文导游词

(In front of the meridian gate)

Ladies and Gentlemen:

I am pleased to serve as your guide today.

This is the palace museum; also know as the Purple Forbidden City. It is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in China today. Under Ming Emperor Yongle, construction began in 1406. It took 14years to build the Forbidden City. The first ruler who actually lived here was Ming Emperor Zhudi. For five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when Qing Emperor Puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .In 1987, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization recognized the Forbidden City was a world cultural legacy.

It is believed that the Palace Museum, or Zi Jin Cheng (Purple Forbidden City), got its name from astronomy folklore, The ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the Ziwei Yuan(North Star). The constellation containing the North Star was called the Constellation of Heavenly God and star itself was called the purple palace. Because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. In folklore, the term ”an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, LaoZi, to the Hanghu Pass. Here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. The word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.

The red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. Red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. Yellow is the color of the earth on the Loess Plateau, the original home of the Chinese people. Yellow became an imperial color during the Tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.

The Forbidden City is rectangular in shape. It is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west. It has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters .A 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex. Octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall. There are four entrances into the city: the Meridian Gate to the south, the Shenwu Gate(Gate of Military Prowess) to the north, and the Xihua Gate(Gate of military Prowess) to the north, and the Xihua Gate(Western Flowery Gate )to the west ,the Donghua (Eastern Flowery Gate) to the east.

Manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the Forbidden City. A total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed. Marble was quarried from fangshan Country Mount Pan in Jixian County in Hebei Province. Granite was quarried in Quyang County in Hebei Province. Paving blocks were fired in kilns in Suzhou in southern China. Bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in Shandong Province .Timber was cut ,processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions.

The structure in front of us is the Meridian Gate. It is the main entrance to the forbidden City. It is also knows as Wufenglou(Five-Phoenix Tower). Ming emperors held lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of the Chinese lunar year in hornor of their counties .They also used this place for punishing officals by flogging them with sticks.

Qing emperors used this building to announce the beginning of the new year. Qing Emperor Qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremony from ban li(announcement of calendar)to ban shou(announcement of new moon )to avoid coincidental association with another Emperor` s name, Hongli, which was considered a taboo at that time. Qing Dynasty emperors also used this place to hold audience and for other important ceremonies. For example,when the imperial army returned victoriously from the battlefield ,it was here that the Emperor presided over the ceremony to accept prisoners of war.

(After entering the Meridian Gate and standing in front of the Five Marble Bridges on Golden Water River)

now we are inside the Forbidden City.Before we start our tour, I would like to briefly introduce you to the architectural patterns befour us .To complete this solemn, magnificent and palatial complex, a variety of buildings were arranged on a north-south axis, and 8-kilometer-long invisible line that has become an inseparable part of the City of Beijing. The Forbidden City covers roughly one –third of this central axis. Most of the important building in the Forbidden City weree arranged along this line. The design and arrangement of the palaces reflect the solemn dignity of the royal court and rigidly –stratified feudal system.

The Forbidden City is divided into an outer and an inner count.We are now standing on the southernmost part of the outer count. In front of us lies the Gate of supreme Harmony .The gate is guarded by a pair of bronze lions ,symbolizing imperial power and dignity. The lions were the most exquisite and biggest of its kind. The one on the east playing with a ball is a male, and ball is said to represent state unity. The other one is a female. Underneath one of its fore claws is a cub that is considered to be a symbol of perpetual imperial succession. The winding brook before us is the Golden Water River. It functions both as decoration and fire control .The five bridges spanning the river represent the five virtues preached by Confucius :benevolence, righteousness, rites, intellence and fidelity. The river takes the shape of a bow and the north-south axis is its arrow. This was meant to show that the Emperors ruled the country on behalf of God.

(In front of the Gate of Supreme Harmony)

The Forbidden City consists of an outer countyard and an inner enclosure. The out count yard covers a vast space lying between the Meridian Gate and the Gate of Heavenly Purity. The “three big halls” of Supreme Harmony, Complete Harmony and Preserving Harmony constitute the center of this building group. Flanking them in bilateral symmetry are two groups of palaces: Wenhua (Prominent Scholars) and Wuying (Brave Warriors) . The three great halls are built on a spacious “H”-shaped, 8-meter-high, triple marble terrace, Each level of the triple terrace is taller than the on below and all are encircled by marble balustrades carved with dragon and phoenix designs. There are three carved stone staircases linking the three architectures .The hall of supreme Harmony is also the tallest and most exquisite ancient wooden-structured mansion in all of China. From the palace of Heavenly Purith northward is what is known as the inner court, which is also built in bilaterally symmetrical patterns. In the center are the Palace of Heavenly Purity, the Hall of Union and Peace and Palace of Earthly Tranquility, a place where the Emperors lived with their families and attended to state affairs. Flanking these structures are palaces and halls in which concubines and princes lived. There are also three botanical gardens within the inner count, namely, the imperial Garden, Caning garden and Quailing garden. An inner Golden Water River flows eastwardly within the inner court. The brook winds through three minor halls or palaces and leads out of the Forbidden City. It is spanned by the White Jade Bridge. The river is lined with winding, marble –carved balustrades. Most of the structures within the Forbidden City have yellow glazed tile roofs.

Aside from giving prominence to the north-south axis, other architectural methods were applied to make every group of palatial structures unique in terms of terraces, roofs, mythical monsters perching on the roofs and colored, drawing patterns. With these, the grand contour and different hierarchic spectrum of the complex were strengthened. Folklore has it that there are altogether 9,999 room-units in the Forbidden City. Since Paradise only has 10,000 rooms, the Son of Heaven on earth cut the number by half a room. It is also rumoured that this half –room is located to the west of the Wenyuange Pavilion (imperial library). As a matter of fact, although the Forbidden City has more than 9,000 room-units, this half-room is nonexistent .The Wenyuange Pavilion is a library where “Si Ku Quan Shu”- China `s first comprehensive anthology-was stored.

(After walking past the Gate of Supreme Harmony)

Ladies and Gentlemen, the great hall we are approaching is the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the biggest and tallest of its king in the Forbidden City. This structure covers a total building space of 2,377 square meters, and is know for its upturned, multiple counterpart eaves . The Hall of Supreme Harmony sits on a triple “H”-shaped marble terrace the is 8meters high and linked by staircases. The staircase on the ground floor has 21 steps while the middle and upper stairways each have 9.

The construction of the Hall of Supreme Harmony began in 1406. It burned down three times and was severely damaged once during a mutiny. The existing architecture was built during the Qing Dynasty. On the corners of the eaves a line of animal-nails were usually fastened to the tiles. These animal-nails were later replace with mythical animals to ward off evil spirits. There are altogether 9 such fasteners on top of this hall. The number nine was regarded by the ancients to be the largest numeral accessible to man and to which only the emperors were entitled.

There was a total of 24 successive emperors during the Ming and Qing dynasties who were enthroned here. The ball was also used for ceremonies which marked other great occasions: the Winter Solstice, The Chinese Lunar New Year, the Emperor` s birthday, conferral of the title of empress, the announcement of new laws and policies, and dispatches of generals to war .On such occasions, the Emperor would hold audience for his court officials and receive their tributes.

This area is called the Hall of Supreme Harmony Square, which covers a total of 30,000 square meters, Without a single tree or plant growing here, this place inspires visitors to feel its solemnity and grandeur. In the middle of the square there is a carriageway that was reserved for the Emperor. On both sides of the road the groud bricks were laid in a special way seven layers lengthwise and eight layers crosswise, making up fifteen layers in all. The purpose of this was to prevent anyone from tunneling his way into the palace. In the count yard there are iron vats for storing water to fight fires. In the whole complex there are altogher 308 water vats. In wintertime, charcoal was burned underneath the vats to keep the water from freezing .Why so vast a square? It was designed to impress people with the hall` s grandeur and vastness. Imagine the following scene. Under the clear blue sky, the yellow glazed tiles shimmered as the cloud-like layers of terrace, coupled with the curling veil of burning incense, transformed the hall of supreme Harmony into a fairyland. Whenever major ceremonies were held, the glazed, crane-shaped candleholders inside the hall would be it, and incense and pine branches burnt in front of the hall. When the Emperor appeared, drums were beaten and musical instrument played. Civilian officials and generals would kneel know in submission.

The last Qing emperor Puyi assumed the throne in 1908, at the age of three, His father carried him to the throne. At the start of the coronation, the sudden drum-beating and loud music caught the young emperor unprepared .He was so scared that he kept crying and shouting,”I don’t want to stay here. I want to go home.” His father tried to soothe him, saying, ”It` all soon be finished .It` all soon be finished ”The ministers present at the event considered this incident inauspicious. Coincidentally, the Qing dynasty collapsed three years later and there with concluded China `s feudal system that had lasted for more than 2,000 years.

(On the stone terrace of the Hall of Supreme Harmony)

This is a bronze incense burner. In it incense made of sandalwood would be burnt on important occasions. There are altogether 18 incense burners, representing all of the provinces under the rule of the Sing monarchs. On either side of the Hall, 4 bronze water-filled vats were placed in case of fire. Next to the terrace on either side, there is a bronze crane and tortoise, symbols of longevity. This copper-cast grain measure is called ”jialiang.” It served as the national standard during the Qing dynasty. It was meant to show that the imperial ruler were just and open to rectification. On the other side there is a stone sundial, an ancient timepiece. The jialiang and the sundial were probably meant to show what the Emperor represented: that he was the only person who should possess the standards of both measure and time.

In the very forefront of the Hall of Supreme Harmony , there are 12 scarlet , round pillars supporting the roof. The hall is 63 meters from east to west and 37 meters from north to south, It is 35 meters in height. In front of this architechture, there stands a triple terrace with five staircases leading up to the main entrance .It has 40 gold doors and 16 gold-key windows with colored drawings on the pillars and beams. In the middle of the hall, a throune carved with 9 dragons sits on a 2-meter-high platform. Behind the throne there is a golden screen and in front of it, there is a imperial desk . The flanks are decorated with elephants, Luduan(a legendary beast), cranes, and incense barrels. The elephant carries a vase on its back that holds five cereals(i. e. rice, two kinds of millet, wheat and beans),which was considered a symbol of prosperity. As ancient legend has it that luduan can travel 18,000 li (9,000 kilometers )in one day and knows all languages and dialects. Only to a wise adjust monarch will this beast be a guardian.

The Hall of Supreme Harmony is also popularly known as Jinluan Dian (gold bell hall or the throne hall). The floor of the hall is laid with bricks that turn it into a smooth, fine surface as if water has been sprinkled on it .The so-called golden brick, in fact, has nothing to do with gold. Reserved exclusively for the construction of the royal court, it was made in a secretive, and complex way, and, when struck, sounds like the clink of a gold bar. Each brick was worth the market price of one dan (or one hectoliter ) of rice.

The hall is supported by a total of 72 thick pillars .Of these, 6 are carved in dragon patterns and painted with gold and surround the throne. Above the very center of this hall there is a zaojing, or covered ceiling, which is one of the Specialities of China `s ancient architure. In the middle of the ceiling is a design of a dragon playing with a ball inlaid with peals. This copper ball, hollow inside and covered with mercury, is known as the Xuanyuan Mirror and is thought to be made Xuanyuan, a legendary monarch dating back to remote antiquity. The placing of the caisson above the throne is meant to suggest that all of China` s successive emperors are Zuanyuan` s descendants and hereditary heirs. Now you might have noticed that the Xuanyuan mirror is not directly above the throne. Why? It is rumored that Yuan Shikai, a self-acclaimed warlord-turned emperor moved the throne further back because he was afraid that the mirror might fall on him .In 1916 when Yuan Shikai became emperor, he removed the original throne with a Western-style, high-back chair. After the foundation of the People` s Republic of China in 1949 the throne was found in a shabby furniture warehouse. It repaired and returned to the hall.

(Leading the tourist to the bronze vats either on the east or the west)

the water vats in front of the palaces or house were called “menhai,” or sea before the door by the ancient Chinese. They believed that with a sea by the door, fire could not wreak havoc. The vats served both as a decoration and as a fire extinguisher. They were kept full of water all year round.

During the Qing Dynasty, they were altogether 308 vats in the palace enclosure. They were made of gilt bronze or iron. Of couse, the gilt bronze vats were of the best quality. When the allied forces (Britain, Germany, France, Russia, the United States, Italy, Japan and Austria) invaded Beijing in 1900 under the pretext of suppressing the Boxer Rebellion, the invaders ransacked the imperial compound and scraped and gold off the vats with their bayonets. During the Japanese occupation of Beijing, many vats were trucked away by the Japanese to be made into bullets .

(In front of the Hall of Complete Harmony)

The square architecture before us is called the Hall of Complete Harmony. It served as an antechamber. The Emperor came here to meet with his countiers and add his final touches to the prayers which would be read at the ancestral Temple. The seeds, snowers and prayer intended for spring sowing were also examined here. The two Qing sedan chairs here on display were used for traveling within the palace during the reign of Emperor Qianlong.

(In front of the hall f Preserving Harmony)

this is the Hall of Preserving Harmony. During the Qing Dynasty, banquets were held here on New Year` s eve in honour of Mongolian and Northwestern China` s xingjiang princes and ranking officials. The Emperor also dinned here with his new son-in-law on the wedding day. Imperial examinations were also held here once every three years. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were three levels of exams: the county and prefectural level, the provincial level and national level. The national exam was presided over by the emperor. The civil service exam in ancient China started during the Han Dynasty. It served the purpose of recruiting Confucian scholars to the ministers and high officials. During the Tang and Qing dynasties reinstituted and ancient system. Once every three years, three hundred scholars from all over the country came to Beijing and took exams for three day and night. This system was abolished in 1905.

(Behind the hall of preserving harmony)

this is the largest stone carving in the palace . It is 16.73 meters long, 3.07 meters wide and 1.7 meters thick .It weighs about 200 tons. The block was quarried in Fangshan County, roughly 70 kilometers away. To transport such a huge block to Beijing, laborers dug wells along the roadside half a kilometer apart, and used the groundwater to make a road of ice in the winter. Rolling blocks were used in the summer. In 1760, Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty ordered the carving of the existing cloud and dragon design in place of the old one which dated back to the Ming Dynasty.

Note : From here, the tour can be conducted via three different routes: a western route(Route A), a central route (Route B) or an eastern route (Route C) .The commentary for each follows.

Route A

Ladies and Gentlemen:

You have seen the three main halls of the Forbidden City. Now I ` d like to show you around the hall of mental cultivation and the imperial garden . The hall of mental cultivation is situated is in the western part of the innermost enclosure and is symmetrical to Fengxian (enshrinement of forebears) Hall in the east. This hall was built during the Ming Dynasty. IT is a H-shaped structure consisting of an antechamber and a main building .The hall is surrounded by corridors. In front of the hall is the Office of Privy Council.

Before Emperor Kangxi of Qing the Dynasty came to power the Hall of Heavenly Purity served as the living quarter of the emperors. Emperor Yongzheng chose to live in this hall and attended to every day state affairs from here .For the sake of protecting cultural relics, this hall is not open to the public .You can have a look at the inside from the door. The central hall was the audience chamber where the emperor read memorials, granted audience to officials and summoned his minsters for consultation. The western chamber of the hall was where the emperor read reports and discussed military and political affairs. The hall consists of many inner rooms and is decorated with images of Buddha and miniature pagodas. On the screen wall there hangs a picture of two emperors in the Han costume. In a southern room there three rare calligraphic scrolls, hence the name of the room “Sanxitang” (Room of Three Rare Treasures) . The room on the eastern side is of historical interst because it was here that Empress Dowager Cixi usurped power and made decisions on behalf of the young emperor . A bamboo curtain was used to separate them .

Empress Dowage Cixi was born in 1835 in Lu` an Prefecture of shanxi province. She` s of Manchurian nationality and her father was a provincial governor from south China. When she was 17 years old ,she was selected to become a concubine of Emperor Xianfeng and moved into the Forbidden City. She gave birth to a son when she was 21years old and was made a concubine the following year. When the emperor passed away in the summer of 1861, her son ascended the throne and title of Cixi, meaning “Holy Mother” was conferred upon her and she became the Empress Dowager. In that same year Empress Dowager Cixi carried out a count coup d` etat and ruled behind the scenes with another empress dowager, Ci` an, for 48 years. She passed away in 1908 at the age of 73. It was in reference to this situation that the term “attending to state affairs behind a bamboo curtain” developed .In 1912 , Empress dowager Longyu declared the abdication of the last Qing emperor Puyi. They were allowed to remain in the Forbidden City for the next 13 years .The royal family was forced to move out permanently in 1924.

Behind the central hall were the living accommodation of 8 successive Qing emperors .Three of them actually passed away here. The side rooms flanking the hall were reserved for empresses and concubines. Now let` s continue with our tour. It will take us to the Hall of heavenly purity , the hall of union and peace ,the palace of earthly tranquility, and the imperial garden.

Route B

(Inside the Hall of heavenly Purity)

Ladies and Gentlemen:

We are now entering the inner court. From the Gate of Heavenly Purity northward lies the inner court where the emperors and empresses once lived .The Hall of heavenly Purity is the central hall of the inner court ,and was completed during the Reign of Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty. There are 10 pillars supporting the entire structure and the hall is 20 meters in height .In the center of the hall there a throne. Above it hangs a plaque with an inscription that reads “Be open and above-board,” written by Shenzhi,the first emperor of the Qing Dynasty. Beginning with Qianlong` s reign, the name of the successor to the throne was not publicly announced .instead, it was written on two pieces of paper, one to be kept on the emperor` s person throughout his reign, and the other placed in a small strongbox that was stored behind his plaque. The box was opened only after the emperor passed away. Altogether there where 4 emperors who ascended the throne in this way, namely Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daohuang and Xian feng.

The hall of heavenly purity was where the emperors lived during the Ming and Qing dynasties. According to tradition ,extravagant annual banquets were held here on New Year` s Eve in honour of royal family members. Foreign ambassadors were received here during the late-Qing period. Two important “one thousand old men` s feasts” of the Qing Dynasty were also held here. All the invitees had to be at least 65 years of age.

This hall was also used for mourning services.

(Inside the Palace of Union and Peace)

this hall sits between the Hall of heavenly Purity and the Palace of Earthly Tranquility, symbolizing the union of heaven and earth ,as well as national peace .It was first built in 1420 and reconstructed in 1798. The hall is square in shape ,and is smaller than the Hall of complete Harmony .You will see a plaque here inscribed with two Chinese characters, wu wei, which were handwritten by Emperor Qianglong. A throne sits in the middle of the hall with a screen behind it .Above the throne there hangs a caisson ,or covered ceiling. The emperor held birthday celebrations and other major events here.

In 1748 during Emperor Qianlong` s reign, 25 jade seals representing imperial authority were kept in this hall .No seals were allowed out of the room without the prior consent of the emperor. On each flack there is a water clock and a chiming clock.

(Inside the palace of earthly tranquility)

This used to be the central hall where successive Ming empresses lived. During the Qing dynasty, it was converted into a place where sacrifices and wedding ceremonies were held .The room on the western side was used for sacrifices and the room on the east was the seeding chamber.

Route C

Ladies and Gentlemen:

You have seen the three main halls of the Forbidden City. Now I` d like to show you around scenes of interest along the eastern route. The first is the Treasure Hall. This mansion is called the Hall of Imperial Zenith. This is where Sing Emperor Quailing lived after abdication. Nearly 1,000 artifacts and treasures are on display here, among which the Golden Hair Tower is one of the most famous. This tower is 1.53meters in height and its base is 0.53 meters in circumference .It was built under the order of Emperor Quailing to be used to collect fallen hair in commemoration of his mother. There is also a “Day harnessing Water Jade Hill ” on display here. Yu was a legendary monarch of the remote Ixia dynasty. Under his leadership, the people learned how to harness the Yellow River. This jade assemblage, 224 centimeters in height and 5 tons in weight, is the largest jade artwork in China. This mat was woven with peeled ivory. These artifacts are among China` s rarest treasures.

(In front of the Nine-Dragon Screen)

this is the Nine-Dragon Relief Screen .Erected in 1773,it is 3.5 meters in height and 29.4 meters in width. Underneath is a foundation made of marble .The surface of the screen is laid with a total of 270 colored, glazed tiles in the design of 9 dragons ,some rocky mountains ,clouds and the sea. It was meant to ward off evil spirits The ancient Chinese regarded 9 dragons, some rocky mountains, clouds and the sea. It was meant to ward off evil spirits .The ancient Chinese regarded 9 as the largest numeral and the dragon as a auspicious beast .The 9 dragons are different in color and posture and all are made of glazed tiles. Interestingly a piece of the third dragon from the left is made of wood. It is believe that when the Nine-dragon Screen was almost finished ,a piece of glazed tile was damaged .Emperor Qianlong was scheduled to inspect the work the following day .Using quick wits, the craftsman in question molded the missing piece with clay and sailed through the imperial inspection. Later ,he asked a carpenter to carve a wooden one to replace the one made of clay.

(Approaching the Imperial Garden)

Behind the Palace of Earthly Tranquility and trading the north-south axis is the imperial Garden. There are old trees, rare flowers and exotic rock formation in this garden .It cover a space of 11,700 square meters, or roughly 1.7 percent of the Forbidden City. Most of the structures in the garden are symmetrically arranged . However, each is different in terms of parrern and decoration. Woods clumps of bamboo screen off the garden and strengthens its deep and serene atmosphere.

There main structure of the Imperial Garden is the Qin` an Hall. Positioned in the central-northern part of the garden ,this hall is flanked by other halls and pavilions on the east and west. The hall sits on a marble pedestal. The Taoist deity of Zhenwu is enshrined here and emperor would pay homage here a quarterly basis. Taoist rites were held during the reign of Emperor Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty. In front of the hall there is a cypress that is 400 years old .In all there are a dozen such rare trees in the garden, and most of them are cypresses or pines. To the northwest of the hall , there is the Yanhui(Sustaining Sunshine) Pavilion and to the northeast there lies the Duixiu (Accumulated Refinement )Hill. This Hill was built over the foundation of the long- pershed Guanhua (Admiring Flowers) Hall of the Ming Dynasty. It is 14 meters in height and made of al kinds of rocks quarried in jiang su province. At its base stand two nstone lions, each carrying a dragon shooting water 10 meters up into the air from its mouth. There are meandering paths leading to the hilltop. At the top of Duixiu Hill sits the Yujing (Imperial Viewing)Pavilion. Traditionally, On the day of the Double Ninth Festival (the ninth day of the ninth lunar month ), the emperor ,his consort, and his concubines would climb up to Yujing Pavilion to enjoy the scenery.

At the southeastern corner of the Garden is Jiangxue(Crimson Snowy) Verandah. Nearby to the southwest lies Yangxing Study (study of the cultivation of nature) .The yangxing study was used as a royal library during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. The last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, Puyi once studied English there. In front of the Jiangxue Verandah some Chinese flowering crabapples grow. The structure got its name from the crabapples who blossoms trun from crimson to snowy white. In front of the Verandah, there grows a rare flower that was brought from henna Province under the order of Empress dowager Cixi. In the northest is Chizao Tang (Hall of Using Flowery Language), once used as a library where rare books were stored.

There are also specific pavilions symbolizing the four seasons .The halls of Wanchun and Qianqiu ,representing spring and autumn respectively ,are square in shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shaped ridges. The halls of Chengrui and Fubi,dedecated to winter and summer, are characterized by two verandahs and bridges at their bases .Paths were paved with colorful pebbles and arranged in 900 different designs.

The Imperial Garden can be accessed through the Qiong yuan (Jade Garden )West gate or the qiong yuan east gate. A third gate, the shunzhen(Obedience and Fidelity)Gate, opens to the north. Its doors are laid in glazed tiles and it was only used by the empress or concubines.

As our tour of the Forbidden City draws to a close, I hope that I have helped you understand why the Palace is a treasure of China and one of the cultural relics of the world. It is under the strict protection of the Chinese government. Since 1949 when the people` s Rupublic of China was founded, nearly one trillion RMB was spent on its restoration and refurbishment. The Forbidden City has undergone four major facelifts to date. Each year, the government earmarks a large sum to gather, sort and study cultural relics. The Palace now contains a total of 930,000cultural relics. Well, so much for today .Let` s go to reboard the coach. Thank you !

北京位于北纬39°56′，东经116°20′。其雄踞于华北大平原的西北端，西部、北部、东北部，由太行山(西山)与军都山及燕山山脉所环抱，造成形似“海湾”之势，故自古就有“北京湾”之称。

北京，中华人民共和国的首都，全国政治、文化、交通、旅游和国际交往的中心。全市由11个区和7个县组成。总面积16800平方公里，其中市区占地1040平方公里。人口1150万。北京为我国四大直辖市之首。

北京属北温带大陆性季风气候，一年四季分明。春花、秋月、夏雨、冬雪，是其各季气候的不同特色，不论你何时来京观光，均有迷人的风彩。北京春秋季较短，夏冬季稍长。一月份较冷，月均气温-4.7℃，七月份稍 热，月均气温26.1℃。年均降雨量650毫米，无霜期180天。这里地理位置显赫，山川雄奇, 土地肥沃，物产丰富，故历来被视为藏龙卧虎的神州宝地。

北京，已有3000多年的文字记载历史和悠久的城建沿革。远在70～50万年前，这里就是人类祖先的发祥地，“北京猿人”便在京西南的周口店等地繁衍生息。公元前586年，周朝的封侯国—燕国，在此建都，名 “蓟”，从此“燕京”之名流传至今。公元前三世纪后，此地历为秦、汉、隋、唐各朝的北方重镇。公元十世纪初，我国东北的契丹族建立辽朝，将这里作为陪都，名南京。1120xx年，女真族兴起，灭辽而建金朝，正式于此建都，定名中都，并大兴土木，建起三十六座豪华的宫殿。中都城在今广安门一带，但1220xx年毁于兵火。这一年，我国北方的蒙古族举兵南下，相继灭了金朝和避于杭州的南宋王朝而统一了中国。1267年，元朝以金代的大宁宫(今北海公园)为中心重建都城，改名为大都,此是今天旧北京城的前身。1368年朱元璋率领农民起义军推翻了元朝，建立明朝，都城设于南京，将大都改称北平。1420xx年朱棣夺得皇位，迁都北平，并改名为北京，北京之名从此开始。不久兴建紫禁城等，经过十五年施工于1420xx年建成，1420xx年正式迁都北京。1644年清军入关，明朝灭亡，清朝也在北京建都。各朝在此建都共达800多年历史。1949年新中国成立后，古老的北京获得了新生，被确定为新中国的首都。

古老的北京城，经过历代劳动人民的伟大创造，在此留下了中华民族极其光辉灿烂的文化。全城的建筑布局以紫禁城为中心，从南到北贯穿一条全长8公里的中轴线。其前朝后市，左祖右社(太庙与社稷坛);街道纵横，殿宇辉煌;坛庙神奇，园陵壮美;河湖穿绕，风光如画。全城既有平面布局，又有立体造型，这不仅是中国古都的典范，而且在世界城建史上也占有极重要的地位。北京历来以丰富的名胜古迹和迷人的自然风光著称于世。这里有天下奇观的万里长城，世界之最的皇宫建筑群，美不胜收的古典园林，以及宏伟壮观的坛庙、帝陵、古塔、石刻等。而且十渡、松山、龙庆峡、石花洞等自然景观，和1920xx年“五四”运动等众多史迹纪念地,均是让人大饱眼福，乐而忘返的旅游胜地。

各位团友：

大家好!我们今天游览的第一站是栈桥。栈桥是青岛的象征，是青岛人的骄傲。它位于青岛湾，目前全长440米，宽8米， 与市区繁华的中山路成一条直线，由海岸前伸入海。远处看，它像一条彩虹横卧在大海之上，尽头的“回澜阁”如同飘浮在大海之颠，因此有“长虹远引”、“飞阁回澜”之美称。

30年代栈桥曾被誉为青岛十景之首、青岛市乡二十四景之一，不少文人墨客为之留下诗赋和赞誉，国内外的重要宾客、要员、知名人士在青岛观光时，都要登临栈桥，欣赏海滨风光。驰名中外的青岛啤酒商标便是以栈桥为图案设计而成的。

20xx年包括栈桥在内的海滨风景区，被国家旅游局评为首批AAAA级风景区。

为什么叫栈桥?关于栈桥的定义，汉语字典中的解释是：“凡是伸到海里的简易码头都称为栈桥。”那它为什么又会成为青岛的标志呢?原来青岛在100多年前是一个小渔村，1891年清政府下诏书在青岛建置。1892年清政府派登州总兵章高元带四营官兵驻扎青岛，为便于部队军需物资的运输， 建了两座码头，一座就是现今的栈桥。该码头原称谓很多，有海军栈桥、前海栈桥、 南海栈桥、李鸿章栈桥、大码头等，长200米，宽10米。另一座位于总兵衙门前方的“衙门桥”长100米，宽6米，亦称“蜗牛桥”。这两座码头都是中国工程师自己设计的， 也是青岛港最早的码头建设。1897年，德军以演习为名，从青岛湾登陆，武力占领青岛，栈桥成为德军侵占青岛的见证。德帝国主义侵占青岛后，

将原桥北端改为石基，水泥铺面，南端下立，钢制桥架上面铺有木板，并设轻便铁轨，南端仍是铁木桥，桥身延长到350米，仍为军用码头。 1920xx年大港第一码头建成后，栈桥逐渐失去它作为码头的历史使命，开始向游人开放。1920xx年青岛被中国收回，1931年国民政府出巨资由德国信利洋行承包重建，桥身加长到440米，桥南端增建了半圆型的防浪堤， 并在防浪堤上修建了具有民族形式的二层八角凉亭，亭子由彩色琉璃瓦覆盖，24根红漆柱子支撑，取名“回澜阁”。阁心有螺旋形楼梯，楼上一周为玻璃窗，有“一窗一景，一景一画”之说。整个工程至1933年4月竣工。 栈桥从此成为青岛第一景。建国后，人民政府多次拨款对栈桥进行维修， 1985年青岛市又对栈桥进行了大规模的全面整修，两侧围以铁索护栏，12对欧式桥灯相峙而立，外铺砌花岗岩石台阶。1998年底至1999年6月市政府再次拨款对栈桥进行了大规模整修，此次维修既达到防风浪、防腐蚀要求，保持原有的风韵，又与两侧护岸设施相匹配，增加了美观效果，使整个桥体焕发了青春。

栈桥是青岛历史的见证，有着一百多年的历史。她身上即刻录了青岛的屈辱岁月，也记录了解放后青岛市的建设与发展。

各位团友，我们现在站在栈桥桥头，沿着这条通往海中的路往前走，如同置身于大海之中，能充分感受到海的气息，体验到海的宽广伟大。碧波拍打着桥面，白云在头上飘过，海鸥在天空中飞翔，游船在海中穿梭，大家在行进中可以看到岸边的红瓦、绿树如同一幅美丽的画卷逐渐展现在我们面前。我们可以充分领略到康有为先生所描写的：“碧海蓝天，红瓦绿树”。前面我们看到的这个沙滩是栈桥海水浴场，它是市区浴场中最小的一个，它与繁华的中山路相邻而且周围环境十分优美，有很多人到此游泳。

海关大楼前面那座造型奇特的建筑是海上皇宫，海上皇宫是一座集游览、娱乐、演出、餐饮于一体的旅游场所，投资一亿多人民币，整座建筑是由几个四分之一的圆体组成的，共6层，地下一层，地上5层，整体用108根柱子支撑，建筑面积1.1万平方米，它以一流的环境，五星级的服务，被列为青岛餐饮特一级店。

各位团友，现在我们来到了回澜阁，我们可以在阁楼凭窗眺望，全方位地看到美丽的青岛湾和周围的各个景点和著名建筑。个别景点，我们等一会还将去参观游览，现在我简要地给大家介绍一下：

回澜阁对面那座小岛是小青岛，小青岛上因为植被茂盛，郁郁葱葱，看上去一片翠绿因此得名“青岛”。青岛建市后，便以它命名，这个岛便改名“小青岛”了。

在小青岛南面还有一座岛，那就是“薛家岛”。薛家岛原来是一个荒僻的小岛，在明朝初年，岛上渔村里有一姓薛的人家出了一员大将叫薛禄，从此逐渐发展成为规模较大的渔村，改名为薛家村，此后小岛又改名为薛家岛。它的面积为27平方公里，海岸线长达38公里，并有青岛最长的一个沙滩-“金沙滩”。

大家看到与小青岛仅一水之隔停泊着许多军舰的是中国海军博物馆，她是我国目前规模最大的一处反映中国人民海军面貌的综合性博物馆。博物馆临海处原是海军驻青部队小型航舰的停泊之处，陆地为海军部队驻地。1989年在此筹建海军博物馆。海军各有关部门提供了大量的珍贵文物，该馆文物处还在全国进行了广泛的征集，经过两年的紧张筹建，在1991年正式开展，现每年接待游客达几十万人之多。新的海军博物馆正在原址规划建设，再过几年这里将建成世界一流的代表中国海军现代风貌和水平的新的中国海军博物馆。

接下来请大家看一下北面那两座高高耸立的塔楼，那就是天主教堂。天主教堂于1932年动工，1934年竣工，高56米，上面的两个十字架分别为4.5米，是青岛地区最大的哥特式建筑，它也是对外开放的一个宗教景点。

与栈桥北端相接的是青岛最繁华的商业街“中山路”。德国占领青岛后于1899年为了在后海修建深水码头，于是开辟了一条南北连接的道路，这便是中山路的雏形。德占领青岛时期，德县路以南是德国人居住区，命名为“斐迭里街”，德县路以北是中国人居住区，称为大马路，1920xx年，两条路合并在一起，命名为山东路，1920xx年，为纪念孙中山先生，又改名为中山路。中山路全长1300多米，63座建筑，160多家商场，同时它还是国家确定的全国100个文明示范点之一。

在栈桥的东侧，是泛海名人大酒店，原是德国青岛大饭店附属的旅馆部，由德国建筑师保尔·弗里德里希设计，为典型德国古典式建筑。而原德国大饭店的主要建筑于1993年拆毁，在原址上盖起了泛海名人大酒店。

德国占领青岛期间，德国皇帝威廉二世的弟弟亨利亲王多次来过青岛，并曾下榻于这座饭店，因而当时俗称“亨利亲王大饭店”或“亨利王子饭店”。当时的德国墨克连堡亲王、清朝邮部大臣盛宣怀也曾在此住过。1920xx年辛亥革命爆发，清王朝覆灭，孙中山先生于1920xx年1月出任临时大总统。3个月后让位于袁世凯。同年8月，孙中山到北京与袁世凯会晤后，转道青岛返回上海。9月28日，孙中山抵达德国统治下的青岛，曾下榻于此饭店。

各位游客大家好，今天我们将要游览的是介休绵山，希望一路上我们一起同游，能够带给大家一次美妙的旅程。绵山是太行山支脉，海拔高度为20xx多米，因山势绵豆而取名为绵山。后因春秋时期晋臣介子推被焚此山而名声大震。历代都在绵山兴建了许多寺院禅房，于是成了著名的佛教圣地。而且绵山风景绝佳，也是我国北方著名的旅游风景区之一。从介休南行20公里到达绵山脚下的兴地村，在兴地村有一处值得一看的地方，就是我们在游绵山之前先参观的第一个景点——回銮寺。

回銮寺是由于唐太宗当年到绵山想登山未成在此回銮而得名。当时唐太宗还留下题诗一首：“回銮游福地，极目玩芳晨，宝刹遥承露，天花近足春。焚钟交二响，法日转双轮。寂尔真仙境，超然离俗尘。”大家请随我进寺内参观。这座寺庙在五代时曾遭战乱的破坏，宋代时又重新修建。

寺内院落宽展宏敞，主要是建筑有天王殿、大雄宝殿、左右垛殿和东西配殿。从天王殿向内观望，虽然院内建筑物不高，却庄重、肃穆。大雄宝殿是寺内的主殿，原有元代泥塑佛像群和铁佛像、木雕佛像，而且四壁绘有元代壁画，可惜十年动乱中被毁掉了。现在寺内生长有古松、龙槐、杉树等，夏日槐荫如伞，四季古松清幽，给寺内增添了勃勃生机。

朋友们，从回銮寺出发，再南行约1。5公里的路程，我们就要开始登山了。山上自然景观和人文景观十分的丰富，但是景点较为分散，往返路程大约9公里左右，俗称“九里十八弯，二十四座诸天小庙，各处罗列。”

我们现已到达绵山的第一个重要景区——龙头寺。龙头寺是绵山入口处的咽喉，地势十分险要，从这里向南可直插绵山腹地。寺分为上下两层，上为龙头寺，。下为关帝庙。从龙头寺出来，沿途两山对峙，怪石磷响，风景绝佳。小路像一条飘带盘绕山腰。朋友们请继续向上爬。在这个险要处，有一个巨石垒堡当道而立，高约7米，宽4米，在堡门里有屋子，供人看守。门前是一条很深的沟，设有门板吊桥。从上面的了望孔口能看见进山的人。如果放行就将吊桥放下，待来人通过后，便又将吊桥扯起。门的左右是深渊绝壁，真可谓一夫当关，万夫莫开。

继续前行，不远处就可看到一高数十米，宽三四余米的凹崖，崖根处有数十个碧绿的石乳倒挂在石壁之上，被称作“石乳泉”，据说此水可疗痼疾。过了石乳泉，山势愈加险要，沿途群峰环绕、烟云缥缈、两山对峙，不知脚下的路在何方。其实“绵山十里山水画卷”这才开始。首先看到的是建于悬崖绝壁处的白云洞，洞内有团团白云不断涌出，据说还能预测阴雨。

过了白云洞，来到一座木桥上，桥上怪石嶙峋，桥下万丈绝涧，行人都必须贴壁而行，万分小心，可见桥之险要。传说绵山山主田志超最初来绵山时，前有断崖挡路，后有猛虎追赶，幸有鹿兔以蹄相搭，方才通过。所以这座桥就被后人称之为“兔桥”，前面1公里处的另一座桥被命名为“鹿桥”。

过了“免桥”、“鹿桥”，再攀127级石级便是绵山的主要风景区——抱腹岩。著名的“大唐汾州抱腹寺”就深藏于这一巨大的岩洞之中，除抱腹寺外，此处还有空王殿、千佛殿、介推祠、石佛殿和五龙殿等建筑，这些建筑都深藏在抱腹岩的腹中，雨雪无法侵入，这种清幽险绝的景象实属罕见。

在空王殿，殿中央是一尊金身塑像，关于这尊塑像还有一段极富传奇色彩的故事。据说这就是绵山佛主——“空王古佛”。空王佛是田志超的化名，相传是隋末唐初人。志超自幼好学，才华过人，7岁入学，遍读经、史、子、集，长大后，父亲不幸去世，家境衰落，于是到太原蒙山开化寺拜师学艺，5年之后学业有成，来到了绵山，到达后当天夜里在抱佛寺内找了一间空房住下，第二天的黎明，志超刚起床，就听一妇人喃喃自语：“哪里的野人，好生无理，缘何占我房舍?还不快快离去。”

志超寻声而望，原来是正殿中正襟危坐的龙母。志超见这妇人满脸刁钻尖刻，心里老大的不高兴，但又想自己初来乍到，便捺住性子，整理好衣冠，纳头就拜，说：“贫僧冒昧，出家人四海为家，我见天色已晚，屋内又空着就住了进来，请多多恕罪。”谁知龙母听后勃然大怒：“好你个大胆的汉子，绵山方圆百里都姓龙，谁人不知，哪个不晓?而今我不让你住，你就住不成!”志超说：“龙母且息雷霆之怒，咱们慢慢地商量。”

龙母依旧大怒，志超又耐着性子说：“佛家慈悲为怀，俗话冤仇还宜解不宜结呢，况且我们往日无仇，近日无恨，有啥不能商量的!”龙母自觉语失，反问：“有何主意?”志超说：“咱们对奔，三盘两胜定输赢，如果您赢了，我就远走高飞，假如您输了，您就让出介山。”龙母自信自己棋艺高超，是不会输的。那么结局如何呢?大家一定猜出是志超胜了龙母。此事很快传遍了各州府县，人们都虔诚地向他顶礼膜拜，奉作神仙。

在抱腹寺内，仍保存着许多重要的碑刻。著名的《大唐汾州抱腹寺碑》就深藏于此，此碑通高3米，宽1米，厚35厘米，碑两侧刻有唐、宋及金人题记。

铁索岭是抱腹岩上面一个高约200米的山岭，游客手抓铁链斜身而上，回头就是万丈深渊，使人头晕目眩。向上可到达绵山的最高峰，如登上峰顶，峰峦迭翠，一片绿色世界，在东南处草坪上立着三块矩形巨石，据说那儿就是当年被焚死在绵山的介子推的殉难处。

“火焚绵山”的故事许多人都听说过，在历史上也确有其事。据《左传》和《史记》记载：春秋时，晋国有个人名叫介子推，他为人正直，是有名的忠臣孝子。在晋国公子重耳被赶出国门在外避难时，介子推忠心耿耿随重耳在外漂泊了十九年。一次重耳途经卫国，饥不能行，众臣争采野菜煮食，重耳难以下咽，这时介子推便从自己的大腿上割下一块肉，煮成汤让重耳吃，重耳感动不已，夸介子推有“割股奉君”之功。

重耳结束流亡生活，到国内当上晋文公之后，流亡时跟随他的群臣争相邀赏，惟独介子推悄然离去，他说：“我宁愿终生贫困，也不愿贪天功为己功”，便背上自己的老母，进入绵山隐居起来。此事不久便被晋文公得知，立即前往绵山，但介子推死活不肯出来相见。晋文公知道介子推是孝子，决定举火焚林，他认为这样一来，介子推为保全老母性命，一定会背母亲逃出山中。结果介子推宁死不出山，和老母相抱，被熊熊烈火烧死在山中。晋文公焚山时正值“清明节”前一天，后人为纪念介子推，每逢此日都不忍举火，冷食一日，“寒食节”从此便流传下来了。

从抱腹岩下行，我们将看到前方弯道上有五个特殊的山峰，这就是“五龙墓”。传说五龙死后就葬在这里。北宋文人为这段山水作了写照：“路尽山尤险，溪深水愈豪，寺楼今不见，依旧五峰高”。

朋友们，过“五龙墓”不远就到了舍身崖，所谓舍身崖，就是指旧时儿女为父母消灾免难，舍身投崖处。这里地势险要。继续往前走便到了“一锅泉”，这里地下埋一铁锅，水由崖壁流入锅里，游人常掬水而饮，味道甘甜。参观完一锅泉，我们就该往回返了。

女士们、先生们，秀丽壮观的绵山离我们渐渐远去，愿今日之游给您留下美好的回忆。

常家庄园是古典汉族民居的典范，其建筑气势恢弘、古朴壮观，表现出深厚的汉族文化底蕴和高雅的传统艺术品位。山西榆次常家引，以财取天下之抱负，逐利四海之气概，制茗于武夷山，扎庄于恰克图，拓开万里茶路，经销蒙俄北欧，绵延二百余年，遂成富甲海内之晋商巨贾，中国对俄贸易之第一世家。常家事业长盛不衰之就在于该族深谋远虑，居富思危、课子苦读、家学渊源，代代恪守“学而优则贾”的家训，将优秀的文化人才输送到商界，将儒家思想与伦理道德完美地体现在经济意识与经营活动中，实现了经济理性与道德理性的合一，成为清代驰名中外之儒商望族。常家庄园主要建筑和景观为一山一阁、两轩、四园、五院、六水、九堂、八帖、十三亭、二十五廊、二十七宅院。

常氏在商儒互长，商业日益兴起之际的明末清初，开始了在车辋故里的宅第修建。九世常万玘、常万达兄弟的事业如日中天，宅第建筑也随之进入了鼎盛时期，万圮由南向北，建成一条街，俗称西街;万达在村北购置土地，建起一条新街，俗称后街。遂有常家两条街之称。经之后近二百年的完善，这两条街，深宅大院百余处房屋四千余间，楼房五十余幢，占地六十万平方米。院内楼厅台阁，雕梁画栋，精致恢宏，蔚为壮观。另有七处园林，名花古木，高阁低亭，曲廊斋坊，水溪池 潭，在千里堡墙八道堡门的环围下，实现了主人可燕居、可耕读、可修身、可遐想、可观赏、可浏览、可悦心、可咏叹等”八可”追求的理想精神庄园。现已修复的四万平米宅第，八万平米园林，虽只占原规模的四分之一，但基本上保持了庄园风格，再现了昔日风采。

常家庄园位于山西省榆次西南东阳镇车辋村，距榆次17.5公里。车辋由四个小自然村组成，四寨中心建一大寺，与四寨相距各半华里，形成一个车辐状，故名“车辋”。

车辋常氏始祖常仲林于明代弘治初年，由太谷惠安迁此为人牧羊，到清康熙、乾隆年间，七世祖常进全开始经商，八世祖常威率九世万已、万达，从事商业活动，赢利颇丰，逐渐使常氏成为晋中望族，晋商中的一支劲旅，开始大规模地营造住宅大院。常万圮在车辆村建“南祠堂”，立“世荣堂”，以村西南为轴心，向东、南发展;常万达在村北建“北祠堂”，立“世和堂”，由东向西毗连修建，成一条新街，俗称“后街”。从清康熙年间到光绪末年，经过二百余年的修筑，常氏在车辋整整建起了南北、东西两条大街。街两侧深宅大院，鳞次栉比，楼台亭阁，相映成辉，雕梁画栋，蔚为壮观。共占地一百余亩，楼房40余幢，房屋1500余间，使原先四个自然村连成了一片。有谚曰：“乔家一个院，常家二条街。”常氏宅院的建设规模当时称为三晋民居建筑之首。

“讳称大院号庄园，不与王乔并世间。独树儒商雄且秀，春风过后水涟涟。”青年诗人陈黎云的《七绝·常家庄园》一诗，道出了常家庄园的独特之处。常氏以儒商文化独树一帜，既有进土、举人、秀才，又不乏书画名家，所以在宅第建筑上亦有自己非凡的独创之处，是晋中曹家、王家、乔家、渠家等晋商宅院望尘莫及的。

清代是晋商的辉煌时期，和众多的山西成功商人一样，经商致富后的常氏家族在自己的故乡开始了大规模的宅院建设。而与众多山西商人不一样的是，常家作为放眼世界，敢为天下先，逐利四海，开拓万里茶路的外贸世家;作为恪守礼仪传家、尊师重教、树人为本的文化世家和教育世家，经过200余年的陆续修建，不仅其宅院具有功能齐全的庄园特性、井然有序的中华礼仪传统，而且有典雅浓郁的儒文化品位，有百余亩融儒、佛、道文化于一炉，集南北风格之大成的园林。这一特色，为北方民间所罕见，诸多晋商大院所仅有。

常家庄园之恢弘，不是一般人想象得到的。跨过二丈五尺宽的拱型石桥，穿过七丈二尺高的堡门，展现在人们面前的是一条长达650米长的清代街道。长街的南北宅院紧靠，无一条横向通道，形成了“临街门户依次开，堡门 关闭如一堂”的格局。洋洋洒洒60多万平方米，房屋4000余间，楼房50余座、园林13处。

“‘儒为名高，贾为利厚’。两者界线黑白分明，难以兼容并蓄。然而，山西商人却将儒文化融入到了商贾之中，为经商插上了腾飞的翅膀。榆次富商常家，能使家族历经几百年久盛不衰，其成功的秘诀正在于此。”这是笔者在《喜看乔家大院，简说中华晋商》中的一个观点。当我们置身于常家庄园，观其恢宏特色建筑，品其文化智慧内涵，你不得不感奋：晋商常家不愧是商道上结合完美的儒商之家。儒商，是指经商者不仅熟读儒学经典，更重要的是以儒恪守的信条，作为品德修养的根本，并将这一根本自觉地运用到商业活动与一切社会活动中去。也就是用儒家思想指导商业实践，并在经济活动中体现出明确的儒家伦理道德，实现其经济理性与道德理性的合一。这在十四条《常家家训》中亦有生动的体现。

漫步常家庄园，映入你眼帘的是规模壮观的常家祠堂，书香浓郁的石芸轩书院，文化辉映的贵和堂宅院，浓艳秀美的十亩杏林，清澈灵秀的大小湖溪，神韵毕现的各色山石，相映成趣的郁郁林木，传神点睛的楼阁亭榭，还有那彰显风骨的名人石册，佳对神品的楹联匾额，独具特色的雕画艺术。这，无不体现出主人的经济实力、文化品位和智慧财富。以饱满热情关注常家庄园的耿彦波先生向我们介绍说：儒商常家，一是恪守儒家节俭诚信为本的持家、修身、兴业之道，一贯恪守儒家的敬业精神。二是处事待人坚持以“和为贵”的平等观念，表现了乐善好施、急公好义的良好品质。三是注重教育，尊重儒学，保持良好的商业道德和做人原则，使其精英团队不断优化，经营方略高人一筹。四是捐助政府，为国尽忠，在国家危难时挺身而出，输财任事，体现了儒家“以天下为己任”的治世思想。经笔者考证：从清乾隆年间八世常千获赠皇家修职郎开始到清朝灭亡，常氏有“功名”的男人132人，受封的女人100余人，仅诰命夫人就多达17个。从八世到十六世，常氏考取从进士到秀才者，多达146人。其中进士1人，举人10人。被誉为“常门鸿儒”的常家十四世常赞春，是集书画家、作家、教授于一身的鸿儒大家。以书法名重一世，曾在山西官场供职数年的常旭春，在辛亥革命后，辞官从商，担任保晋公司第四任董事长兼总经理要职，直到日寇入侵。据常家后代远居加拿大任山西同乡会会长的常崇敏老先生介绍：现常氏后代中任正副教授以上职务者达70余人，其中现成都大学就有一位。

The capital of Jiangxi Province. As the political, economic, cultural andtransportation center of the province, it is a city with a long history andglorious revolutionary tradition. Located in the north of central JiangxiProvince, Ganjiang River, Fuhe Weige, Poyang Lake plain area. The total area is7402.26 square miles. The urban area is about 1.24 million. The city governsfive districts including Donghu, Xihu, Qingyunpu, Wanli and suburban areas, andfour counties including Nanchang, Xinjian, Jinxian and Anyi.

The main ethnic group is the Han nationality, and there are 26 ethnicminorities, including Manchu, Mongolian, Hui, Zhuang, Tibetan and Miao.

The landform is mainly plain, with vast waters and a large number of hillsand hills. Ganjiang River and Fuhe river flow through the territory from southto north. The whole terrain is high in the West and Southeast and low in thenorth. The average annual temperature ranges from 17.1 ℃ to 17.7 ℃, and theannual precipitation ranges from 1515 mm to 1595 mm.

Nanchang was founded in 20__ B.C. (the fifth year of emperor Gaozu of theHan Dynasty). Guan Ying, a famous general of the Han Dynasty, was ordered tolead his troops to Nanchang and formally set up Yuzhang county and NanchangCounty. The next year (before 201), a local city was built in Nanchang, whichwas called "Guancheng". After that, Nanchang changed its name: Yuzhang County inHan Dynasty, Yuzhang state in Southern Dynasty. In the Sui Dynasty, Hongzhougeneral managers office was set up in Nanchang. At the beginning of Dayeperiod, Yuzhang county was rebuilt by abolishing the state, and Nanchang waschanged into Yuzhang County, which was the county, government, county, andDaozhi of the past dynasties. The city was founded in 1926 and the NanchangMunicipal Peoples government was established on June 7, 1949.

The land is fertile, the water area is broad, and the resources are rich.The total land area of the city is 10.35 million mu, including 4.4698 million muof cultivated land and 3.3065 million mu of water area. The main economic fishare grass, silver carp, carp, crucian carp, flat, silver carp, etc. The mineralresources include granite, quartz, ceramic clay, coal, crystal and copper. Thereare many wild animals and plants in lush Xishan.

Nanchang city is located in the north and south traffic arteries of ourcountry. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, most of the official and commercialexchanges between the north and the South passed through Nanchang. The existingwater, land and air transportation network can reach the whole province and allparts of the country. Nanchang air station can directly connect with Beijing,Shanghai, Guangzhou, Xiamen, Wuhan, Fuzhou, Hong Kong and other places. Industrydominates housing. The citys industries focus on machinery, textile (clothing),food and electronics, as well as aircraft manufacturing, metallurgy, lightindustry, chemical industry, medicine, building materials and otherindustries.

Nanchang area has a long history of culture, known as "natural treasures,outstanding people". Wang Bos preface to Tengwang Pavilion in the early TangDynasty and Zhu Das painting and calligraphy in the late Ming and early QingDynasties are well-known both at home and abroad.

In 1986, Nanchang was named as a famous historical and cultural city by theState Council. The city has five national key cultural relics protection units,six provincial cultural relics protection units and 39 municipal cultural relicsprotection units. The former sites of the famous Nanchang Uprising headquarterson August 1, the former sites of Helong and yeting headquarters and the formersites of the New Fourth Army in the 1930s are all located in the city. There isalso Tengwang Pavilion, one of the four famous buildings in China.

Nanchang, the capital of Jiangxi Province, has jurisdiction over fourcounties, five districts, one new district and two national development zones,with a total area of 7402 square kilometers and a total population of 4.49million, of which the urban population is 1.96 million. It is one of the 35 megacities in China. With a long history of more than 2200 years, Nanchang has beenendowed with "natural treasures and outstanding people"; its red homeland, greenhome, ancient customs, special charm and golden fields have made Nanchang "amagnificent city with beautiful scenery". Today, we are stepping into an era ofeconomic globalization full of hope, competition, vitality and challenges.Nanchang is showing its unique potential and attractive advantages.

The name of Nanchang began in the Western Han Dynasty, 220 BC___ Liu Bang,Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, sent yinghou Guanying and his troops toNanchang, built Nanchang City and named it Nanchang, which means "prosperity ofthe South". Tang and Song dynasties were the West Road in the south of theYangtze River and the administrative center of Hongqian. They were the famouscities in the southeast, so they were also called "Hongdu".

The tourist areas of Nanchang include the urban area and the nearbyMeiling, Jingan SANZHAOLUN, Zhangshu and other places. The scenic spots andhistoric sites blend in the beautiful natural scenery, and the beautifullandscape sets off the unique style of the ancient city of Nanchang.

In todays economic globalization trend of large-scale industrial transfer,resource restructuring and development alliance, Nanchang has ushered in a newround of development opportunities. Under the correct leadership of Jiangxiprovincial Party committee and government, and with the active participation ofinvestors and entrepreneurs at home and abroad, the hero city is undergoingrapid and profound changes. Nanchangs investment environment is improving dayby day, its economic development is accelerating, and its market prosperity isrising continuously, especially the entrepreneur confidence index and enterpriseprosperity index are both stronger, which fully shows the huge development spaceand investment opportunities contained in Nanchang.

Nanchang city is now very prosperous. Bayi Square in the center of the cityis green and can accommodate 100000 people. The August 1 Nanchang UprisingMemorial Tower standing at the southern end of the square has become a monumentof Nanchangs revolutionary history. After the reform and opening up, Nanchangstourism has developed rapidly. Many cultural relics and historic sites have beenrestored. There are 26 natural landscapes and 78 cultural landscapes. There arefamous world cultural heritage Lushan scenic spot, Poyang Lake migratory birdreserve, Longhushan national scenic spot, Jinggangshan National Scenic Spot andSanqingshan National Scenic Spot near Nanchang. It has formed a tourism andsightseeing system with Nanchang as the center, along the Beijing KowloonRailway scenic belt as the focus and radiating Jiangxi Province.

Nanchang is also a heroic city with glorious revolutionary tradition. TheAugust 1 Nanchang Uprising is world-famous. The Chinese peoples Liberation Armywas born here, so Nanchang is also known as "hero city".

After the reform and opening up, Nanchangs tourism industry has developedrapidly, and many cultural relics and historic sites have been renovated.Nanchang has become a hot tourist city attracting worldwide attention.

列位游客们：各人好!我是本次导游——马三啸。本日我将和各人一路去旅行天下第八大事迹——秦戎马俑。

我们将要看到的秦戎马俑是中国西安临潼出土的贵重文物。它的局限相等弘大，并且范例浩瀚，本性光鲜。此刻，我们已经在一号坑的大厅里了。这是今朝已掘客的三大俑坑中最大的一个。这里的戎马俑有六千多个，面积近14260平方米。各人看，戎马俑一行行，一列列多整齐呀!

是不是像秦始皇昔时统率的那只战无不胜的雄师。各人留意看，头带鶡冠、身披铠甲、仰面挺胸、模样外形自若的是将军俑。体格结实、披挂铠甲、手持武器。整装待发的是军人俑。右手持缰绳、左手持弓箭、好像随时筹备上马冲杀的是骑士俑。那些陶马与真马一样巨细，个个形象传神。各人细心看，每个戎马俑的心情模样外形都各不沟通。瞧这位，点头低眉、如有所思，仿佛在思量怎样战胜仇人;再看这一位，眼光炯炯、模样外形庄重、紧握双拳，必然在暗下刻意誓为泰国同一全国而战;尚有那位注视远方，仿佛在忖量老家的亲人……列位旅客，秦戎马俑在古今中外是唯一无二的，它是我们中华民族全球无双的巨大事迹。

我们本日的赏识就要竣事了，但愿本次旅游能给各人留下一个柔美的回想。接待下次再来。

The fast-paced life has turned us into machines, doing overloading operations so everyone need a rest and go to travel with relatives or friends. I think QingDao is the best choice.

QingDao is reputed for its elegant mountains, clean air, blue water, white beach and green trees. Are you feeling the wind from the sea?.That is like a lively girl, she crawl up to kiss your feet when you are lost in admiration of the Beautiful scence, when you sip a mouth of it ,it tastes a little salty.

As known as Seashore Pier, Southern Sea Pier or Big Marina, the Jutting Pier is a symbolic structure of Qingdao,which was first built in 1892. when Zhang Gaoyuan, Commander of Dengzhou, stationed troops in Qingdao, in order to facilitate the transportation of military supplies and anchor the warships of the Northern Navy, a 344meter long simple pier wasthen built on the southwest coast. The dyke connecting the cosdt was built by laying stones,and the fore part of the pier was built of steel paved with wood. The building materials were remainders of Lvshun Boatyard, Northern Navy. In 1894 when Li Hongzhang made his second inspection tour to Qingdao, he gave a high praise for the Jutting Pier and called it an Iron Pier in his memorial to the throne. Hereafter, the Jutting Pier was also called Navy Pier, Seashore Pier and Navy Iron Pier. In 1900, the pier was destroyed by a typhoon, in 1901 when Germany occupied Qingdao,the Jutting Pier was rebuilt and used for freight transporting. When the Dagang Port was completed, the Jutting Pier was opened to the public. In 1923, a park was developed around the Northernend of the pier. From September 1931 to April 1933, the pier was rebuilt of steel concrete, extended to 440 meters long and 8meters wide. A semicircular seawall as built at the end of the bridge.

Now, the Jutting Pier has become a famous attraction and symbolic structure of Qingdao. After the founding of People Republic of China, Qingdao Municipal Government has paid much attention to the maintenance and protection of the Jutting Pier. In the 1950s, the Water Returning Pavilion was once called Sino USSR Friendship Pavilion. In the daytime, the Pier is frequented by stream of visitors, who are leaning on the railing and overlooking the charming sea. When the night falls, the colorfully decorated lights are turned on, glorifying the bridge.

At the Jutting Pier, we can enjoy various attractive sights such as Water Returning at the Pavilion, Listening to the Tide at the Pavilion. Extension of Rainbow and Moon Might at the Pier, which Were reputed as one of the 10 Sights of Qingdao as well as the 24 Top Sights of Qingdao City in the 1930s. Numerous scholars and men of letters have left behind a lot of poems and lines in Praise of the pier. It is a famous seashore attraction frequented by visitors. At the peak season, the daily tourist arrivals are above 200 000. It is a must for the VIPs, important officials and famous celebrities when they visit Qingdao.

Follow me please. Let us climb the stairs and overlook far into distance. A good place for sightiseeing. You can take photos here.

云居寺位于北京西南房山区境内，距市中心70公里。占地面积70000多平方米。由云居寺、石经山藏经洞、唐辽塔群构成我国佛教文化特色一大宝库。1961年3月4日被国务院首批公布为全国重点文物保护单位。1992年，作为世界上保存石刻经版最多的寺庙入选“北京旅游世界之最”，同年云居寺塔及石经列为世界文化遗产预备清单。1997年以来连续四年被评为“北京市文明旅游景区”，同年被命名为“北京市爱国主义教育基地”。1999年荣获“京郊环境建设示范景区”和“北京花园式单位”荣誉称号，20xx年荣列国家AAAA级旅游景区，同年通过ISO9001质量管理体系和ISO14001环境管理体系双认证。20xx年11月15日被北京市人民政府批准为市级风景名胜区。

云居寺始建于隋末唐初，经过历代修葺，形成五大院落六进殿宇。两侧有配殿和帝王行宫、僧房，并有南北两塔对峙;寺院坐西朝东，环山面水，形制宏伟，享有“北方巨刹”的盛誉。1942年云居寺被 日军炮火夷为废墟。1985年成立云居寺修复绿化委员会，进行了一期修复工程和周边绿化。1998年后，进行了石经回藏及二期修复工程。目前，云居寺已恢复了昔日的庄严。

云居寺是佛教经籍荟萃之地，寺内珍藏着石经、纸经、木版经号称“三绝”。“石刻佛教大藏经”始刻于隋大业年间(620xx年)，僧人静琬等为维护正法刻经于石。刻经事业历经隋、唐、辽、金、元、明、六个朝代，绵延1039年，镌刻佛经1122部、3572卷、14278块。象这样大规模刊刻，历史这样长久，确是世界文化史上罕见的壮举，堪与文明寰宇的万里长城、京杭大运河相媲美，是世上稀有而珍贵的文化遗产。被誉为“北京的敦煌”、“世界之最”。“房山石经”是一部自隋唐以来绵延千年的佛教经典，不仅在佛教研究、政治历史、社会经济、文化艺术等各方面蕴藏着极为丰富的历史资料。而且在书法艺术上有着重要的文化价值和艺术价值。

石经山云居寺位于北京西南约75公里处的白带山麓，始建于隋大业年间，全称"西域云居掸林"，是佛教圣地，鼎盛时寺院内有僧数百。该寺及石经山藏经洞被列为全国重点文物保护单位。

石经山云居寺位于北京西南约75公里处的白带山麓，白带山因藏有石经，又称石经山。云居寺在房山区南尚乐。

云居寺石经山风景区乡水头村，始建于隋大业年间，全称"西域云居掸林"。寺庙原规模宏大，坐西朝东，依山而建，有五层院落，六进殿宇。中路有天王殿、毗卢殿、大雄宝殿、药师殿、弥陀殿、大悲殿等，两旁均有配殿。南北两路设有客舍、行宫，两侧各有砖塔一座自隋唐以来，这里一直是佛教圣地，鼎盛时寺院内有僧数百。这座历史悠久的庙宇，在抗战期间毁于日本侵略军之手，只有北端辽代砖塔幸存下来。解放后逐步恢复，并建起了石经展室和经版库及文物陈列馆。该寺已于1985年对外开放。

云居寺保藏了完整的"石经"。佛教传入中国后，发生过多次灭佛行动。云居寺创始人隋代僧人静琬的师傅慧思，鉴于南北朝时期的灭佛教训，发愿将佛经刻石收藏，以防教灭。静琬承其师志，从隋大业年间至唐贞观年间，就地取石刻经。静琬圆寂后，他的四代弟子相继主持刻经事业，历代相承，直至明末清初才告结束。前后历时近千年，刻经百余部，经版万余块，分别贮存于石经山藏经洞和云居寺南塔下的藏经穴内。藏经洞分上下两层，凿有九个洞窟，其中，八个是封闭式的，里面叠藏双面刻字的石经版。另外一个是开放式的，也是九洞中最大的，名叫雷音洞。洞前有门窗，内有四根八棱石柱支撑洞顶，石柱各面雕有佛像共1054尊，故称千佛柱。静琬最初所刻石经版146方，镶嵌在洞壁上。

云居寺和石经山上还存有唐辽两代小石塔十余座，这些塔内雕像神态生动，线条流畅，显示了唐辽时代建筑和雕刻艺术的成就。云居寺石经是我国珍贵的文化遗产，对我国古代文化、历史、艺术和佛教历史、典籍的研究，都具有重大价值和意义。该寺及石经山藏经洞被列为全国重点文物保护单位。

云居寺位于北京西南房山区境内，距市中心70公里。占地面积70000多平方米。由云居寺、石经山藏经洞、唐辽塔群构成我国佛教文化特色一大宝库。1961年3月4日被国务院首批公布为全国重点文物保护单位。1992年，作为世界上保存石刻经版最多的寺庙入选“北京旅游世界之最”，同年云居寺塔及石经列为世界文化遗产预备清单。1997年以来连续四年被评为“北京市文明旅游景区”，同年被命名为“北京市爱国主义教育基地”。1999年荣获“京郊环境建设示范景区”和“北京花园式单位”荣誉称号，20xx年荣列国家AAAA级旅游景区，同年通过ISO9001质量管理体系和ISO14001环境管理体系双认证。20xx年11月15日被北京市人民政府批准为市级风景名胜区。

云居寺始建于隋大业年间(公元605—620xx年)，至辽圣宗时期(公元983—1020xx年)形成五大院落、六进殿宇，金、元、明、清各代都有修葺。1942年遭到日本侵略军轰炸毁环。 云居寺虽然被炮火所毁，但闻名于世的石刻大藏经埋藏地下，保存完好。

云居寺石经始刻于隋大业年间。当时高僧静琬继承其师北齐南岳慧思遗愿，在石经山刻石造经。唐贞观十三年(公元639年)静琬逝后其弟子玄导、仪么、慧暹、玄法又相继主持刻经事业，历经隋、唐、辽、金、元、明诸朝，延续千载，至明末。经版藏于石经山九个山洞中，其中藏经最早也最重要的是第五洞穴，称雷音洞。

静琬最初所刻的一百四十六块石经镶嵌于洞内四壁之上。洞中央有四根八角形石柱，每根柱上均有浮雕佛像，共一千多尊，称千佛柱。由于山洞藏经贮满，辽金时代续刻的经版就没再运上山，而藏于云居寺南塔下地穴中。

寺的南北有两座辽塔对峙，南塔又称藏经塔，地下有藏经穴，塔已无存。北塔原名舍利塔，又叫罗汉塔，高三十米。下部为楼阁式，中间空，有磴道可登;上部是覆钵形，有相轮、宝顶。这种建筑形式在中国现存古塔中极具特色。 塔的四面各建有一座三米多高的小唐塔，为唐景云二年(公元720xx年)至开元十五年(公元720xx年)间所建。五塔形成一个整体，为中国金刚宝座塔(五塔)的早期实例。寺内及周围山上还有唐、辽、明各代建造的砖、石塔十余座，其中以石刻大藏经创始人静琬的墓塔——琬公塔和为纪念唐代金仙公主捐助刻经事业而建的金仙公主塔最为著名。

北塔是辽代砖砌舍利塔，又称“罗汉塔”，始建于辽代天庆年间(1111～1120xx年)，高30多米，塔身集楼阁式、覆钵式和金刚宝座三种形式为一体，造型极为特殊。塔的下部为八角形须弥座，上面建楼阁式砖塔两层，再上置覆钵和“十三天”塔刹。这种造型的辽塔，十分少见。

四座唐塔都有明确的纪年，塔的平面呈正方形，七层，分单檐和密檐式两种，而造型大致相同。塔身上雕刻着各种佛像，其中唐开元十五年(720xx年)所建的石塔，内壁雕刻有一个供养人，此人深目高鼻，推断应为外国人形象，这与当时唐代与中西亚交流广泛、大量任用外族为官有直接关系。雕刻的服饰十分华丽，线条细腻流畅，反映了盛唐中外文化交流的繁盛景象。

云居寺座落在北京西南郊七十多公里处的白带山(又称石经山)西南麓，以埋藏有中国文化遗产中的稀世瑰宝、石刻佛教大藏经经——著称于世。 中国佛教协会于1956年在政府支持及全国佛教界的协力下对这一举世无双的重大文化遗产进行了发掘，历时三年，完成了发掘和拓印工作，并在随后组织力量整理研究，编印了，现正在陆续出版中。云居寺石经共镌刻佛教经籍一千余部、三千余卷，有经版一万四千多块。它不仅是佛学研究的巨大宝藏，而且因为唐代石刻的底本，大部分是依据唐金仙公主奉赠的宫廷抄录本，辽金刻本是依据久已失传的，在文字上与一般本子有很大出入，所以还是校勘现有佛教木刻经籍的实物根据。石刻对研究古代社会、探讨金石、书法艺术的发展也有很高的学术价值。云居寺还供奉有佛舍利，这些佛舍利是1981年在雷音洞内地下发现，密封在层层套装的五个石函、银函、玉函中。

函盖上刻有安置年月，函内有供奉佛舍利的珠宝。中国佛教协会1987年4月曾隆重举行迎请法会，接待佛教徒瞻礼和国际友人观光。云居寺殿堂从1985年起由政府资助和海内外一些团体集资修复。

云居寺始建于隋末唐初，经过历代修葺，形成五大院落六进殿宇。两侧有配殿和帝王行宫、僧房，并有南北两塔对峙;寺院坐西朝东，环山面水，形制宏伟，享有“北方巨刹”的盛誉。1942年云居寺被日军炮火夷为废墟。1985年成立云居寺修复绿化委员会，进行了一期修复工程和周边绿化。1998年后，进行了石经回藏及二期修复工程。目前，云居寺已恢复了昔日的庄严。

云居寺是佛教经籍荟萃之地，寺内珍藏着石经、纸经、木版经号称“三绝”。“石刻佛教大藏经”始刻于隋大业年间(620xx年)，僧人静琬等为维护正法刻经于石。刻经事业历经隋、唐、辽、金、元、明、六个朝代，绵延1039年，镌刻佛经1122部、3572卷、14278块。象这样大规模刊刻，历史这样长久，确是世界文化史上罕见的壮举，堪与文明寰宇的万里长城、京杭大运河相媲美，是世上稀有而珍贵的文化遗产。被誉为“北京的敦煌”、“世界之最”。“房山石经”是一部自隋唐以来绵延千年的佛教经典，不仅在佛教研究、政治历史、社会经济、文化艺术等各方面蕴藏着极为丰富的历史资料。而且在书法艺术上有着重要的文化价值和艺术价值。

纸经现藏220xx多卷，为明代刻印本和手抄本，包括明南藏、明北藏和单刻佛经等。而其中的《大方广佛华严经》为妙莲寺比丘祖慧刺破舌尖血写成，被誉为“舌血真经”，尤为珍贵。

木经始刻于清朝雍正十一年(1733年)至乾隆三年(1738年)，现存77000多块，内容极为丰富，是集佛教传入中国20xx年来译著之大成。堪称我国木板经书之最。世界上现存两部汉文大藏经，一部为云居寺现存的《龙藏》，另一部是韩国海印寺的。

在路上电动车因没电抛锚了，天快黑了，老爸情急之下打电话给“安达”出租公司求助，出租公司接到电话后也相当紧张，毕竟这里走的全部是山路，而且是雨天，天又快黑了。他们回复会派人过来接，要求我们原地等待。过了好久，终于看到有两部车向我们驶来，一部摩托车，一部电动车。我们失望了，难道这么黑的天还是要让我们骑回去。不久，他们的安排验证了我们的想法，他们让我们3人骑开过来的电动车，没电的车由他们拉回去。老爸打开电动车，发现更糟糕的情况是电动车灯坏了，没灯晚上如何开车。要知道这里是山路，一边是悬崖，一边是深不见底湖，路上还有很多从山上滚下来的碎石。那两位叔叔倒是给我们出了一个“好主意”，要我们沿着马路中间的白线行驶，整条马路也就是中间那条白线隐隐可见，但对于我们平时没有经验的我们，还是寸步难行。怎么办?这时老爸说：“道鸿，把我的手机拿出来，打开手机上的手电筒。”哦，真行，就这样，我们艰难、危险的出发了，戴着近视眼镜的妈妈在后面总是发出不安的提示声，慢慢行了一段路后，天竟然下起了雨，妈妈在后面撑起了一把伞。就这样我们一路慢慢前行，一个小时后我们终于到了温暖的酒店。嗯，今天大家都太累了。

第二天早上，我们伴着小鸟的歌声起床了，湖离酒店很近，我们一起到湖边支散步。在湖边我们看到一位渔夫，他已经捕完鱼了。妈妈问那个渔夫，能否载我们去湖里。那位渔夫回答说：“行，上来吧”。原来渔船也是猪槽船，有点像独木舟。两头并不翘起，中间低一点，是坐人的，整个船是半圆形，它到底是怎么保持平衡胡，我不得而知。到了湖中央，我看到了一种植物，它叫水性杨花，只有在这里才有的，能作为食物吃的，不过，我更喜欢它头顶上开胡那朵小白花啊，美丽极。此处胡湖深6米，但一眼望去，仍能看见底部的石头，名副其实胡清澈见底。

绵山以寒食清明节的发源地闻名於世。也许是寒食清明的名气太大，遮掩了它种种的神奇。今年清明时节，去到绵山拜谒大情大义的介子推墓，进山一看，吃了一惊，绵山竟藏龙卧虎有此绝世的奇观！

归来与友人侃一侃绵山的见闻。友人便给我出一道题：“你能给绵山的神奇起个名目吗？”我说：“至少三大奇观”。友人说：“说说看，哪三样奇观。不过，每一样必能称奇於天下，方可谓之奇观。”我听罢笑而道来——第一样是佛教奇观：全身舍利。

早听说古代高僧修成正果，圆寂之后，身体不坏，僧人们便请来彩塑工匠，以泥土包其身，依其容塑其形。佛教中，高僧尸体火化后米粒状的凝结物，称做舍利，并视做勤修得来功德的成果与标志。而这种圆寂后身体不坏的高僧更具同样的意义，故称全身舍利。一般的佛像都是用泥土草木塑造的，全身舍利却有高僧的身体与精神在其中，自然对敬奉者有一种震憾力和影响力。要有怎样坚定的意志和信念，才能成就这样的全身舍利？

所有全身舍利都是古代留下来的。如今不再有了，故极其珍罕。然而，谁会想到绵山上竟还有十四、五尊之多！大都完好地保存在云峰山顶上的正果寺中。

在古代绵山，修炼一生的高僧，自知大限将至，便由一根铁索攀至山顶，或通过一个临时搭架的木梯爬到悬崖绝壁上天然的洞穴里，停食净身，结跏趺坐，瞑目凝神，安然真寂。据说只有真正修成的高僧才能肉身不腐。如今绵山正果寺中东西殿的全身舍利共十二尊。由於身体风干后抽缩，体量显得比常人略小，其神气却栩栩如生。三晋彩塑艺人的技术真是高超绝伦，居然把每一位“包塑真容”的高僧的个性都传达出来。有的仁慈和善，有的忧患悲悯，有的明彻空灵，有的沉静淡定。他们大多是唐宋金元几代的高僧，至今最少也七八百甚至上千年！岁月太长，泥皮破裂，里边露出僧袍；那位唐代天宝年间的高僧师显的脚指甲也能清晰地看到呢！历史赤裸裸和千真万确地呈现在眼前。一种坚韧追求的精神得到见证，令人敬佩。当今世上哪里还能见到这样佛教的奇观？

再一样是山水的奇观。先说山。绵山以石为骨骼，土为血肉，树为衣衫。山多巨岩，往往直立百丈，巍然博大，颇为壮观。最奇特的是这些巨岩的半腰或下部，常常向内深凹进去，有如大汉吸腹，深邃如洞。里边既宁静又安全，无风无雨，冬暖夏凉。绵山里这种内凹的岩洞随处可见，最大的要算是云峰寺山的抱腹岩，中间竟然凹进去五六十米，高五六十米，宽竟达二百米！我此次到绵山已是春暖花开，岩腹内冬天里冻结的冰竟然依旧坚硬不化。古人早就看上这大自然神奇的恩赐，便在这巨大而幽深的岩腹里建庙筑寺。自三国以降，历代修建的庙寺层层叠叠，高低错落，优美异常。年年逢到庙会，来朝拜的香客多达万人。一时香烟缭绕，溢满岩腹。这样的奇观何处之有？

绵山的山奇水亦奇。

原以为绵山多石，水必定少。山里的人却告我一句不可思议的话：“绵山山有多高，水有多高”。待我山上山下留心察看，竟然真的如此。不单溪水在谷底奔流，就连近两千米的龙脊岭和李姑岩的极顶也可以见到泉水从石缝里涓涓冒出。奇怪的是，这些水好似从石头里溢出来的。有的像雨水一样滴滴答答落下来，有的汇成细流沿着石壁蜿蜒而下，有的从岩石里渗到表面湿漉漉地洇成一片，难道绵山的石头里都是水——就像古人所说好的石头都是“负土胎泉”？

绵山最神奇的水莫过於圣乳泉。

传说的圣乳是一种理想，现实的石乳却更奇异。所有石乳都长满厚厚的生气盈盈的绿苔，好似毛绒绒翠绿色的乳罩。有时上边还生出一种紫色小花，娇艳可爱。

这美丽而神奇的圣乳不是绵山独有的奇观吗？

更加惊心动魄的绵山奇观是——挂祥铃。这个原本在唐代是一种祈雨谢佛的法事活动，渐渐已演化为绵山一带的民间习俗。

绵山的挂祥铃在抱腹岩的空王寺。人们在寺中拜求空王佛许愿或还愿之后，便请专事挂铃的艺人上山，将一只水罐大小的铜铃挂在岩腹上方陡峭的岩壁上。

挂铃之举十分惊险。艺人先要爬到山顶，将一条绳索系在松树上，然后扯住绳索一点点降落下来，直至岩腹上方，遂以绳荡身，直到贴附岩壁，再把铜铃牢牢挂在洞口上方的岩壁上。整个过程令人心惊胆战。艺人只身悬吊，下临无地，全凭一根绳索，需要非凡的胆量与技能，是不是非此不能表达对佛的虔敬？故而，每每将铜铃挂好，随即燃放红鞭一挂，以庆事成，亦报吉祥。

挂祥铃这个古俗为绵山人所喜爱，千年不绝。如今抱腹岩洞口挂着铜铃密密麻麻一片，山风吹来，铃声叮当，清脆悠远，与下边寺庙中的钟鼓和梵乐合奏成乐，悦耳亦悦心。此情此景此民俗。何处还有？

就在碧溪草堂之畔，有一株老迈而苍劲的龙眼。细心留意一下，这棵树的树干只剩下几层树皮连着上面的树枝，而上面却枝叶茂盛，它们之间只靠树皮上的气根相连，实属罕见。据说是当年的龙家主人亲手种下的，至今已有210多年了，是清晖园中最老的一棵古树。老树每个枝上有十二片叶子，至今仍每隔一年就会开花结果一次。据品评古树的专家所说，这老树很有灵气，护佑了当年龙氏居住于清晖园中的五代子孙可以繁荣昌盛呢。

突出水池的是澄漪亭，临水一面刻有“临江缘山池沿钟天地之美，揽英接秀苑令有公卿之才”的对联，此联原为龙渚惠岳父、顺德咸丰探花、礼部兼工部右侍郎、大书法家李文田所书，因日久而损毁，现挂的是广东书法家关晓峰重写的。这个澄漪亭最大的特色在于它的门窗，八扇巨大的屏门一旦打开，亭外的景色尽览无遗。即使是关起门窗来，上面镶嵌的“明瓦”也可透进光线，显得古朴幽雅。这种明瓦是用贝壳磨薄制成的一种很有岭南地方特色的天然材料。这些门窗上、天花内的贝壳，都有是明朝后期一直保留到今天的古物，已有三百多年的历史，可算得上是清晖园内最有发言权的历史见证人。

绕着荷花池走了一大圈，我们从这一扇小门转过去，就可发现这里面别有洞天，已是清晖园的“读云轩”景区了。大家请回身看看刚才走过的小门，这可是清晖园现今保存最古老的门口，建于清代嘉庆年间，门额上面“清晖园”三字是按李兆洛的真迹托版。大家觉得这几个字与正门口的题字在书法方面是不是如出一辙呢?站在这个小天井里，左边墙上是一幅栩栩如生的灰塑，名为《白木棉九如图》，画面上九尾大金鱼活灵活现，左上角数杂白木棉含苞待放。据长者回忆，清晖园古时有三大宝：大金鱼、白木棉、百寿图。遗憾的是，时过境迁，现今只存百寿图了。因此重修清晖园时特别制作了这幅灰塑，以为纪念。

再看面前这个种上了夹墙竹的椭圆形的漏窗，竹影斑斑中可以看到墙外的池塘、对岸的回廊，配合了池塘对面一副康有为真迹托版的对联，上书“风静带兰气，日长娱竹阴”。这副对联正好点出了清晖园景色的自然之趣。小天井左右两边的回廊把读云轩盘绕在绿池之畔。就这一个小天井，各位就可以看出园主造园时巧妙的心思了。

各位游客大家好，俗话说，有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎。认识大家是我的荣幸，首先做在这里一个自我介绍，我是旅行社的导游，我姓X，大家在以后的几天叫我X导或小X都可以，坐在我旁边的驾驶员是我们的司机X师傅，我们坐他的车会感觉到安全、舒适和快捷， 大家本次地X日游的行程将有我和司机师傅一起来为大家服务，大家有什么要求可以提前告诉我，我和我们的师傅会尽力为您提供完善的服务，接下来大家要记住我们的旅游车是X颜色的，车号是晋，下面简单的说一下我们本次行程（简要概述一下日程安排和接待标准让游客做到心中有数）。   现在正值炎炎夏季，到了目的地以后估计中午的气温比较高日照比较强，爱美的女士和怕热的先生们要注意了，请被好自己的太阳伞或者我们旅游公司为您发的遮阳帽，一来可以遮阳避光，二来我们还可以“以貌取人”这里的“帽”是帽子的帽哦！呵呵……

现在车子已经高速行使在路上了，在这里呢小X要给大家提几点建议，希望大家对我的工作予以配合，主要从安全、纪律和卫生三方面入手：（相信大家都知道怎么说了，就不浪费版面了）

最后我提前预祝大家旅途愉快，希望这次旅游能成为您今后生活美好的记忆。我会用我的真心换您的放心，用我的尽心换来您的开心！

清东陵是一块难得的风水宝地。北有昌瑞山做后靠如锦屏翠帐，南有金星山做朝如持笏朝揖，中间有影壁山做书案可凭可依，东西两条大河环绕夹流似两条玉带。群山环抱的堂局辽阔坦荡、雍容不迫，真可谓地臻全美、景物天成。当年顺治皇帝到这一带行围打猎，被这一片灵山秀水所震撼，当即传旨“此山王气葱郁可为朕寿宫”。从此昌瑞山便有了规模浩大、气势恢宏的清东陵。

清东陵是一部用砖、木、瓦、石写就的清王朝盛衰的历史。它距今已经有300多年的历史，每一座陵寝都记载着或辉煌或衰败的历史，每一座陵寝都传承着或动人或神秘的故事。入关第一帝顺治帝，开创康乾盛世的康熙大帝，文武兼备的十全老人乾隆帝，辅佐圣、世二祖的杰出女政治家孝庄文皇后，两度垂帘听政的慈安、慈禧，给人以扑朔迷离的香妃，还有咸丰帝、同治帝…这些曾主宰过国家命运，在清王朝政治舞台上扮演极为重要角色的人物，如今都长眠于此，任由自然的洗礼、历史的评说。

清东陵的五最：有清代规模最大的孝陵;精雕细刻、艺术价值最高的裕陵;装修最精美豪华的慈禧陵;数量最多的石像生，达到了18对;最长的神道，达到6000多米。

清东陵以他无可辩驳的魅力，以他重要的历史、艺术和科学价值于20_年11月30日被正式列入世界文化遗产名录，20_年1月被国家旅游局评定为国家4A级旅游景区。

夏日一天，阳光明媚。爸爸带我去假日海滩去玩去。

一到假日海滩啊!人山人海的。有的在沙滩上捡贝壳，有的在海上冲浪，还有的在沙滩上打排球。放眼望去沙滩上一各种各样的太阳伞。在阳光的照耀下下，金光灿灿。海鸥在自由自在的飞翔。

我迫不急待的想和大海拥抱。太阳把海水晒得暖暖的。我仿佛泡在温泉中，一位小弟弟大喊快来捉螃蟹啊!我冲出了大海的拥抱，和他一块儿捉螃蟹，一不小心我被螃蟹的大钳子夹住了手，小弟弟帮我一把。呀!终于拿了出来。我说;"谢谢他说;"不用谢。

啊!我爱海口的假日海滩。

Shiyan is built and prospered by cars. It is not only the hometown ofDongfeng Motor, the automobile city known as "Oriental Detroit", but also amountain city, tourist city and ecological garden city surrounded by beautifulmountains and waters and attractive scenery in four seasons.

Shiyan has a long history and splendid culture. This is an importantbirthplace of the Chinese nation. In 1991, archaeologists excavated two completeskulls of Australopithecus in Quyuan River, Yunxian County, and named them"Yunxian people". Anthropologists believe that this discovery fills a gap in the"chain" of human development in Asia, and is listed as the first of the "top tenarchaeological discoveries in the world" at that time. Todays urban area wasnamed Shiyan in the Qing Dynasty because people dammed the Baier River and theZhihe river for irrigation. This is the birthplace of Taoism and "Wudangboxing". Wudang Taoism has a history of more than one thousand years. Wudangancient buildings have been listed in the world cultural heritage list by theUnited Nations.

Shiyan City, located in the northwest of Hubei Province, governs fivecounties, one city, two districts and one economic and Technological DevelopmentZone, namely Yun County, Yunxi County, Zhushan County, Zhuxi County, FangCounty, Zhangwan District, Maojian District, Danjiangkou City and Bailangeconomic and Technological Development Zone. Shiyan City is not only a car citybuilt, prospered and famous for cars, but also a mountain city and tourist citysurrounded by beautiful mountains and waters and charming scenery in fourseasons. It is the central city of the adjacent areas of Hubei, Henan, Sichuan,Shaanxi and Chongqing.

This is an important birthplace of the Chinese nation. In 1991,archaeologists excavated two complete skulls of Australopithecus in QuyuanRiver, Yunxian County, and named them "Yunxian people". Anthropologists believethat this discovery fills a gap in the "chain" of human development in Asia, andis listed as the first of the "top ten archaeological discoveries in the world"at that time. Shiyan City belongs to Jiao and Yong states in Shang and ZhouDynasties; Chu state in Warring States; Changli County in Hanzhong County in Qinand Han Dynasties; Xi county in Eastern Han and Wei dynasties; Yunxiang Countyin Wudang County in Tang and Song Dynasties; Yun county was established in YuanDynasty. Todays urban area was named Shiyan in the Qing Dynasty because peopledammed the Baier River and the Zhihe river for irrigation. In 1967, in order tobuild the second automobile factory (now Dongfeng Motor Company), the state setup the Shiyan office in Yunxian County. In December 1969, the State Councilapproved the establishment of Shiyan City (county-level city), and in 1973, itwas upgraded to a provincial city. In October 1994, the former Shiyan City andYunyang District merged to form a new Shiyan City. This is the birthplace ofTaoism and "Wudang boxing". Wudang Taoism has a history of more than onethousand years. Wudang ancient buildings have been listed in the world culturalheritage list by the United Nations.

There are abundant mineral resources, including more than 50 kinds ofproven mineral deposits, such as turquoise, gold, silver, stone coal, rareearth, iron, tin, vanadium, antimony, lead, zinc, marble, asbestos, barite,uranium, potassium, molybdenum and cobalt. The theoretical reserves of waterenergy resources are 5 million KW, of which 340 kW can be developed andutilized; Fangxian County is known as the "hometown of Yaner" in China for itsabundant tea and edible fungi and high quality products. There are many kinds ofmedicinal materials, producing more than 2700 kinds of medicinal materials.Among the 363 key varieties determined by the state, there are about 235 kindsof medicinal materials in our city, known as the "natural medicine bank"; Shiyanis a shining pearl on the golden tourism line of Three Gorges - Shennongjia -Wudang Mountain - Xian. There are 25 unique scenic spots in six categories allover the city. There are Wudang Mountain, the holy land of Taoism, Yunxian apeman site and dinosaur egg fossil group, Danjiangkou reservoir, the firstman-made lake in Asia, and the newly developed lake The present skeleton fossilsof ornithopods.

Shiyan is a tourist attraction. It is a bright pearl on the golden tourismline of "Three Gorges of the Yangtze River Shennongjia Gulongzhong WudangMountain Danjiangkou Reservoir ancient city Xian". There are Wudang Mountain, aTaoist Holy Land listed in the world cultural heritage list and awarded thetitle of 4A tourist area, Danjiangkou reservoir, known as Asias firstartificial lake, Yunxian ape man site, dinosaur egg fossil group and dinosauregg fossils Dinosaur skeleton fossil is a rare dinosaur hometown in the world.There are hot springs, waterfalls, Tianchi, canyons, caves, virgin forests andmodern automobile cities. Shiyan, a place with no severe cold in winter, nointense heat in summer, no strong wind in four seasons, beautiful mountains andpleasant scenery, is a treasure land of geomantic omen.

Shiyan is the source of South to north water diversion. Danjiangkoureservoir, located in Shiyan, is the water source area and water intake of theMiddle Route Project of South to north water diversion. The Middle Route Projectof South-to-North Water Diversion directly supplies water to Beijing, Tianjin,Hebei and Henan provinces, with an annual water diversion of 13 billion cubicmeters. The construction of the middle route of the south to North WaterDiversion Project will make Shiyan the "water capital of the world, Tianchi ofAsia" and bring new development opportunities to Shiyan.

Shiyan is an ecological barrier. Because of the intersection of Qinling andBashan mountains in Shiyan, it forms the geographical boundary of the climatebetween the north and the south of China. Therefore, Shiyan is an ecologicalregulator and the ecological heart of China.

北京的香山又叫静宜园，是中国四大赏枫胜地之一，位于北京海淀区西郊，距市区25公里，全园面积160公顷，顶峰香炉峰海拔557米，是北京著名的森林公园。

香山之名源于佛教经典。据载，佛祖释迦牟尼出生地迦毗罗卫国都城(即父城)近处有座香山，为大悲观世音菩萨得道的地方。佛教传入中国之后，香山之名也随之传入。所以，中国以观音为主祀的佛教寺庙大都名为香山寺。

香山公园始建于金大定二十六年(1186年)，距今已有900多年历史。元、明、清都在此营建离宫别院，香山寺曾为京西寺庙之冠。清乾隆十年(1745年)，皇家在香山公园大兴土木，殿宇廊轩，共成名噪京城的二十八景，后筑围墙，乾隆皇帝赐名"静宜园"，名列京西"三山五园"。咸丰十年(1860年)和光绪二十六年(1920xx年)，香山公园先后遭英法联军和八国联军焚毁，"香山二十八景"多被破坏。1956年开辟为人民公园，经过近半个世纪的建设，现已成为中外闻名的北京十大公园之一。

香山由来主要说法有三:

一是其名来自佛教经典。据《佛教文化便览》记载:佛教创始人释迦牟尼出生地迦毗罗卫国都城(佛经中称父城)，附近有山名香山，释迦牟尼在世时其弟子有入香山修道者，其后仍有很多佛教徒在香山修道。

二是得名自最高峰的钟乳石，其形似香炉，称为香炉山，简称香山;

三是得名自古时香山的杏花，花开时其香味使得此山成为名副其实的"香山"。

昨天，记者从有关部门了解到，北京在拥有一个国家级自然保护区的基础上，准备再申请将百花山晋升为国家级自然保护区。

据了解，百花山市级自然保护区建于1985年，位于门头沟区清水镇境内，总面积2.17公顷，其中核心区面积0.68公顷，属于森林生态系统类型自然保护区，是本市目前面积最大的高等植物和珍稀野生动物自然保护区。百花山动、植物资源丰富，素有华北“天然动植物园”之称，有4个植被类型，10个森林群落，植物种类有130科、485属、1100种，其中药用植物400余种。动物种类170种，有国家一级保护动物金钱豹、褐马鸡、黑鹳、金雕，国家二级保护动物斑羚、勺鸡，市级保护动物50余种。

女士们，先生们!欢迎来到历史悠久的敦煌莫高窟。我是你们的导游。大家就叫我老周吧。四大石窟有：龙门石窟，云冈石窟，麦积山石窟，和敦煌莫高窟。其中最大的，可就是敦煌莫高窟了。接下来，就跟着我一起去敦煌莫高窟看看吧!

首先我要向大家介绍：莫高窟的千佛洞。他被誉为20世纪最有价值的文化发现，“东方卢浮宫”坐落在走廊西端的敦煌，以精美的壁画和塑像闻名于世。现有洞窟735个，壁画405平方米，泥质彩塑2415尊，是世界上现存规模最大，内容最丰富的佛教圣地。

各种各样的石窟大小不一。千佛洞的岩壁上雕刻着成千上万的小佛像，每个小佛像虽然只有一寸多高，但头和身子都雕刻得栩栩如生，活灵活现。好了，到下一个景点。

你们看，这个东西是一个九层的遮掩，也叫“北大像”，高36米，是世界第三大佛哦!

莫高窟是一个百宝箱。

好了，游览到此结束。欢迎下次再来!