北京历史博物馆解说词（实用20篇）

各位游客朋友们：

大家好!

欢迎来到景色宜人的北海公园。大家都叫我小王，今天，很高兴能成为大家的导游。

我们现在所在的北海公园是咱们中国最古老、保存最完整、最具综合性和代表性的皇家园林之一。这里的景色美不胜收，景点数不胜数。

北海公园的水占了整个面积的一大半地方，陆上分成了“北岸景区”、“东岸景区”、“琼岛景区”和“团城景区”四大区域。

北岸景区位于北海公园北部，主要由快雪堂、五龙亭和小西天、静心斋、阐福寺以及西天梵境等一系列宗教建筑构成，其中，大家耳熟能详、举世无双的“九龙壁”也位于此区域内。

东岸景区位于北海公园东北角，主要由闻名天下的先蚕坛、画舫斋、濠濮间组成。这里的景色犹如仙境，你们等一下看到的景象，就好像当年皇帝看到的一样，非常绝妙。

琼岛景区位于北海公园南部，以永安寺为中心，周围建有长廊、漪澜堂、悦心殿、阅古楼等美轮美奂的建筑。大家一定都听过《让我们荡起双桨》这首儿歌吧!没错，这首歌曲中的“美丽的白塔”琼岛的中心最高点，颇有主宰全园的的气势。

团城景区位于北海公园最南端，主要建筑为承光殿，殿内供奉有一尊1.5米高的大玉佛，通体镶嵌宝石，光彩夺目，游览时必不可错过。团城四周筑墙，自成一体，堪称城中之城。团城北端有永安桥与琼华岛相连。

各位游客，听了我的介绍后，相信北海公园一定会让你们大饱眼福。现在，请大家开始自由活动，三小时后在“九龙壁”区域内集合。不过要记住，不能随地乱扔垃圾、乱涂乱画哦!带着孩子的游客们，请看管好您的孩子，不能让他们到危险的地方。祝大家玩得开心!

嗨，大家好。欢迎大家来到世界的文化遗产——孔庙。我叫王梓懿，叫我王导就好了。

大家往这边看，这就是孔庙。孔庙最早是孔子的故居，只有三间房。孔子死后两年，鲁哀公将其故居改为妙庙。后来，历代帝王加谥于孔子，得到了扩建。所以，我们现在才能见到这么大的孔庙。其实，在明清时期，孔庙就已经这么大了。

孔庙共有八个庭院。前三个庭院呢就是以松柏为主的院子，大家可以自行游览。那个小朋友，别走丢了，等我讲完再游览可以吗?打断大家了，不好意思，我继续给大家讲。

第四个庭院是奎文阁，是孔子读书、收藏书的地方，共有两层，大家是不是看出来孔子真的很爱学习了呢?第四个庭院大家也可以自行游览。大家再跟我往前走，后面的人跟上别走散了，这地方可大得很呢，走丢了可就找不着了!

咱们现在所处的位置是第四个庭院与第六、七个庭院之间的第五个庭院，第五个庭院是碑亭院，院大家看到了多少个碑呢?对了，那个小朋友回答得很对，就是十三个碑。那些碑都是历代帝王为孔子立的碑。金朝和元朝各立了一座碑，其他都是明清时期的帝王所建的。说到这里，有人可能会问：为什么这么多帝王都为孔子立碑呢?这个嘛，有两个原因，一是因为孔子对自己说的“吾十有五而志于学，三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十而耳顺，七十而从心所欲，不逾矩。”二是因为好多帝王都认为给孔子立完碑就能让后人知道他们这个朝代非常兴盛。第六、七个庭院是孔庙的主要建筑区。第八个庭院是后院，大家可以自行游览。那两个小朋友，不要再打闹了，这个解说是很重要的，因为你们三年级时会学到一篇关于孔子的课文哟!

现在，在我们眼前的大殿就是大成殿了，请大家跟我走进大成殿，大人们都领好小孩子，门槛很高的。我们面前现在有七哲塑像。最中间的就是孔子了，孔子两侧共有四个人，他们就是孔子的四个最得意的四配：复圣颜回、述圣孔伋、宗圣曾参、亚圣孟轲。其他孔子斜后面的人，就是孔子的十一个弟子了，有人可能会问，除了孔子不是应该有十六个人吗?那一个人哪儿去了?是因为那十六个人中有一个人不是孔子的弟子，他叫朱熹。大家应该听说过他。不过，朱熹能出现在供奉孔子的大殿里，就能看出他的文化地位有多么高了。

我主要给大家讲的人是孔子特别得意的弟子颜回。颜回比孔子要小，但他死的却比孔子死的早。颜回死后，孔子非常伤心，就写了一章论语来纪念他：贤哉，回也!一箪食，一瓢饮，在陋巷，人不堪其忧，回也不改其乐。贤哉，回也!意思是：颜回，贤德啊，吃的是一小筐饭，喝的是一瓢冷水，住在穷陋的小房中，别人都受不了这种贫苦，颜回却仍然不改变向道的乐趣。颜回，贤德啊!是不是大家体会到了孔子称赞颜回的时候，对他作了高度的评价呢?可见孔子多么器重颜回啊!好了，今天的讲解结束了。

各位游客：

你们好，欢迎你们来到北京旅游，我是你们的导游。

以前的什刹海白天还是很清静的，但现在不同了。星巴克、烤肉季、客家人、茶马古道等餐厅在晚上依旧红火，而新开张的“九门小吃”因汇集了11家由于前门改造而一度告别的老字号小吃店，白天就更是热闹非凡。

出了烟袋斜街的狭长小巷，过了银锭桥，一路继续往西，来到宋庆龄故居旁的孝友胡同，突然眼前一亮，一个仿旧庭院式的四合院便是“九门小吃”了。绕过回廊，穿过一条窄窄的过道，过道如门外的胡同一样，整齐地摆了一溜桌子，张张有人落座。再到里面，空间突然大了，是个正经的饭庄大厅，只开了几盏橘色的灯，光线幽暗。右侧另有一过道，与刚才的过道平行，排了长长的队，这便是汇集了月盛斋、爆肚冯、茶汤李、年糕钱、奶酪魏、羊头马、豆腐脑白等十几种老字号的小吃街了。特别有意思的是许多包间的名称是以“前门”、“崇文门”等北京地名来命名的，尽显老北京风味。

到“九门小吃”吃饭，可得有时间观念。这里的营业时间是早上10：00-下午13：30;下午17：00-晚上21：00，过时就“关门大吉”。据称这里能容纳400人同时就餐，高峰时间就显得有些局促了，经常能看到手托餐盘急得找不到座位的人，最后只好站着吃，边吃边寻觅。一位工作人员说，因为空间狭小，有些老字号已经减少了一些菜品。

各位朋友：现在，我们来到了天安门广场 ，我先为大家做一个简单的介绍，天安门广场是目前世界上最大的城市中心广场，它位于北京市区的中心.天安门广场呈长方形，南北长880米，东西宽500米，总面积 44万平方米。如果人们肩并肩地站在广场上，整个广场可容纳100万人，就是说全北京总人口的1/13都可以同时站在这里，够大的吧!

在明清时期广场可没有这么大，当时它呈“T ”字形，“T”字的那一横就是我们今天的长安街，那一竖就是从现在的国旗杆前至毛主席纪念堂前的这一长条形区域，在这一区域的两侧是按文东武西的格局分布着 当时政府机关。解放后，原来广场两侧的建筑被拆除，从而形成了今天广场的基本格局。

在天安门广场的四周，有很多著名的 建筑，现在我为大家以顺时针方向做一个简单介绍，就让我们以广场西侧的人民大会堂开始吧!人民大会堂位于天安门广场西侧，是全国人民代表参政、议政、举行 重大会议，当家作主行使主权的地方，建成于1959年，最高处46.5米，是现在广场上的最高建筑。整个大会堂由三部分组成，南部为人大常委会办公楼，中部为万人 大会堂，北端是国宴大厅，整座建筑自设计到完工只用了10个月，是我国建筑史上的一个奇迹。

在广场的北端是大家都很熟悉 的天安门城楼，它是新中国的象征，就是在天安门城楼上，1949年10月1日毛主席向全世界人民庄严宣告，“中华人民共和国成立了!中国人民从此站起来了!”：

广场的东侧矗立着中国历史博物馆及中国革 命博物馆，完工于1959年，那里是收藏并展览中国古代、近代历史文物及革命文物 的主要场所。

在人民英雄纪念碑的南面是毛主席纪念堂，原来在那里曾有一座门，明代叫大明门，清代叫大清门，民国时又改为中华门，解放后拆除，1976年毛主席逝世后在其基址上建起了庄严肃穆的毛主席 纪念堂。纪念堂建成于1977年，是为纪念伟大领袖毛主席而建，现在毛主席的遗体安然地躺在水晶棺中，供人们凭吊、瞻仰、表达深深的敬意。

广场的正中，巍巍耸立着中国第一碑——人 民英雄纪念碑，它是为了纪念那些自1840年鸦片战争至1949年中华人民共和国成立这一百多年来为中华民族的独立及自由而抛头颅、洒热血的人民英雄们而建。整座 纪念碑高37.94米，座落在双层基座之上，碑座四周镶嵌有八幅汉白玉浮雕，反映了中国近百年革命历史。纪念碑的背面是毛主席起草，周总理手书的碑文，正面是毛 主席亲笔题写的“人民英雄永垂不朽”八个镏金大字。

天安门广场是中国近代革命的见证人，反帝 反封建的五四运动、三˙一八惨案、一二˙九都发生在这里。天安门广场也是新中国诞生的见证人，更是今天人民幸福生活的见证人。现在，它已被全国人民评为“ 中国第一景”，每天都有来自海内外的朋友们到此参观游览。

好!不多说啦!各位一定想在这里照几张相 吧?现在就请各位自由拍照，10分钟后我们在北面国旗杆处集合，谢谢大家!

大家好，我姓毛，你们叫我毛导游，也可以叫我小毛。今天，我们要游览的地方是—故宫。

大家可以看到现在，那座耸立在台阶以上的三层建筑物就是故宫。故宫，又称紫禁城，是明清两代的皇宫，故宫是世界是现存规模最大最完整的`古代木结构建筑群，为我国现存最大最完整的古代木结构建筑群。它始建于明永乐四年(公元1460年)，厉时十四年才完工，共有24位皇帝先后在此登基。历史很悠久，请细细观赏。无与伦比的古代建筑杰作紫禁城占地72万多平方米，共有宫殿9000多间，都是木结构、黄琉璃瓦顶、青白石底座，饰以金碧辉煌的彩画。这些宫殿是沿着一条南北向中轴线排列，并向两旁展开，南北取直，左右对称。这条中轴线不仅贯穿在紫禁城内，而且南达永定门，北到鼓楼、钟楼，贯穿了整个城市，气魄宏伟，规划严整，极为壮观。建筑学家们认为故宫的设计与建筑，实在是一个无与伦比的杰作，它的平面布局，立体效果，以及形式上的雄伟、堂皇、庄严、和谐，都可以说是上罕见的。它标志着我们祖国悠久的文化传统，显示着五百多年前匠师们在建筑上的卓越成就，怎么样，很佩服吧!

我们接着看。故宫里最吸引人的建筑是三座大殿：太和殿、中和殿和保和殿。它们 都建在汉白玉砌成的8米高的台基上，远望犹如神话中的琼宫仙阙。第一座大殿太和殿是最富丽堂皇的建筑，俗称“金銮殿”，是皇帝举行大典的 地方，殿高28米，东西63米，南北35米，有直径达1米的大柱92根，其中6根围绕御座的是沥粉金漆的蟠龙柱。御座设在殿内高2米的台上，前有造型 美观的仙鹤、炉、鼎，后面有精雕细刻的围屏。整个大殿装饰得金碧辉煌，庄严绚丽。中和殿是皇帝去太和殿举行大典前稍事休息和演习礼仪的地方。 保和殿是每年除夕皇帝赐宴外藩王公的场所。

跟大家说，游览故宫，一是欣赏丰富多彩的建筑艺术;二是观赏陈列于室内的珍 贵的文物。故宫博物院藏有大量珍贵文物，据统计总共达1052653件之多，统称有文物100万件，占全国文物总数的1/6，其中有很多是绝无仅有的国 宝。在几个宫殿中设立了历代艺术馆、珍宝馆、钟表馆等，爱好艺术的人在这些无与伦比的艺术品前，往往久久不忍离去。设在故宫东路的珍宝馆， 展出各种奇珍异宝。

现在，天色也慢慢暗了下来，玩了一天了，相信大家也累了。我们先去吃饭，再去宾馆里好好休息，明天再让我给大家导游，再见。

潭柘寺位于北京西郊门头沟区东南部的潭柘山麓，距阜成门41公里。潭柘寺坐北朝南，背倚宝珠峰，四周有九座高大的山峰呈马蹄状环护，范围巨大的潭柘寺古刹就建在宝珠峰的南麓。这里植被茂盛，古树名花数目众多，天然环景极为精美。

潭柘寺规模宏大，寺内占地2.5公顷，寺外占地11.2公顷，再加上周围由潭柘寺所管辖的森林跟山场，总面积达121公顷以上。

潭柘寺始建于西晋，至今已有近1720xx年的历史，因其寺后有龙潭，山上有柘树，故而民间始终称其“潭柘寺”。 你正阅读的文章由(第一·范·文网)收拾...

今天的潭柘寺殿宇巍峨，庭院幽静，殿、堂、坛、室各具特点，楼、阁、亭、斋风景超常，古树名木、鲜花翠竹遍布寺中，假山叠翠，曲水流觞相映成趣，红墙碧瓦、飞檐翘角掩映在青松翠柏之中，殿堂整洁，肃穆雄伟。今天的潭柘寺不仅以古迹众多，景致幽美吸引着四海宾朋、八方游客，而且还建筑有古代化的游览服务设施，履行交通、住宿、餐饮、旅行、娱乐、购物的一条龙服务，是京郊一处有名的旅游胜地。

欢迎各位父老乡亲来到首都北京，我家大门常打开欢迎您到来!我叫朱玺霖，简称朱导，小朱!今天带大家参观的是我们北京的内城，俗称四九城之中的东城东四，这四九城是什么意思呢?各位看官您听好喽，待我细细道来：这四九城啊!是指北京皇城的四个城门、内城的九个城门的总代称。皇城四门分别是天安门、地安门、东安门、西安门;而内城的九门分别是正阳门、崇文门、宣武门、朝阳门、阜城门、东直门、西直门、安定门、德胜门。这可都是过去皇亲国戚，贝勒公主的府邸所在地。今儿个咱们独独说说这朝阳门内的事儿!来!大家跟我走着，老几位您这眼睛给咱这胡同里的老四合院儿，耳朵给我留着。 首先大家看到的这条胡同是朝阳门内东四头条，大家熟悉的可能是电影朝内81号，其实这地儿根本不闹鬼，只不过是荒废了太久，看着没人气儿，才杜撰出N多的鬼故事来，现在因为电影火了，见天探险的络绎不绝，连个鬼影子也没有发现。并且政府马上就会改造了。先说咱这头条胡同，您瞧着不起眼儿吧，青砖灰瓦四合院，斑驳的门，风化的看不出模样的门墩，这可都是明朝遗留下来的，您先瞧瞧这一号院：原为社科院宿舍，钱钟书、杨绛、戈宝权、卞之琳、余冠英、罗念生等人曾在此居住。

您再瞧瞧这5号，规规整整的两进院儿，谁的宅邸?有人知道吗?对，茅盾，解放前这里曾是北京协和华语学校的中国研究院，专为外国传教士和学习汉语的外国人开设。1974年11月后茅盾就搬到了东城区后圆恩寺胡同13号了。再往前走，19号这门儿里您猜住过谁?相声界的泰斗，侯宝林大师。现在已经变成故居了并对外开放，大家想缅怀大师的可以进去看看。继续往前走，斜对面那门谁家啊?皇阿玛 ----张国立打小儿穿着开裆裤在这院里长起来的。您瞧见没有那棵老枣树，皇阿玛没少上树偷枣吃。老几位意犹未尽吧，东四从头条到14条，各有各的说儿，各有各的宝，您老几位今个先回去细细咂摸咂摸这头条的事儿，明儿早起咱们继续聊二条。给大家留个包袱儿，二条里可是有个王府，哪个王府?孚王府，这里的故事可多了去了，明儿您请好吧!

各位游客大家好，我是旅行社的导游员，我姓*，今天就有我来带领大家共同游览这个清代的皇家园林——颐和园。希望我的讲解能够令各位满意，是我们共同度过这一美好的时光。

请大家随着我走。现在，我手指的这个是著名的长廊。这个长廊可不一般。它全长700多米，分成273间。大家可以看到，每间的横槛上都有许多五彩图画，画得各式各样，有人物、花草、风景，几千幅画没有哪两幅是相同的。难怪被称为“世界第一廊”。

大家往前看，这就是碧波荡漾的昆明湖。这片湖静得像一面镜子。游船经常从这里经过，大家可以听到船上游人们的欢歌笑语。

在昆明湖的上面，就是闻名遐迩的万寿山。站在这里，我们可以看到颐和园的全部风景。站在这里看，整个颐和园真可谓是无比壮观。郁郁葱葱的树丛掩映着黄的绿的琉璃瓦屋顶和朱红的宫墙。

一座八角宝塔形的三层建筑耸立在半山腰上，黄色的琉璃瓦闪闪发光，这就是古香古色的佛香阁。

大家快随我看看这美丽的石桥吧!这座石桥有17个桥洞，叫十七孔桥。桥栏杆上有上百根石柱，柱子上都雕刻着姿态不一的活灵活现的小狮子。

这座在历史上为帝王建造的古典园林，现已成为中国最著名的旅游参观热点之一，每年接待游客数百万人。1986年，颐和园被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。

各位阿叔、阿姨你们好，非常荣幸能够成为大家这趟北京旅游的全程导游，我姓杜，大家喊我或者X导都可以，我是金秀大山旅行社的导游，在这里谨代表金秀大山旅祝愿大家旅游愉快，满载而归！

我的金秀话、桐木话讲得不是很正，不过总还可以听得懂吧！还是我讲白话、英语、普通话，我样样都会讲句把而已。不过我们这次是去北京旅游，大家在北京都是要听普通话的，北京导游也不会讲我们金秀话，在这里我也讲普通话吧，给大家适应一下，不然到了北京，北京的导游讲普通话，大家讲听没懂就麻烦了。

车上有哪位阿叔、阿姨到过北京咧，举一下手哦。北京是中国的首都，大家都懂得哦，那请问北京还是哪个国家的首都？

北京有2500年的建都历史，在中国历史上曾经做过16国的古都，其中最出名的就是明朝、清朝和现在中国的了。所以到了北京，大家要竖起耳朵，听我和北京的导游讲讲北京的历史了，北京有很高、很漂亮的街道和房子，同时有更加多好听的故事，所以到北京要7分听，3分看。当然，我们也会留有充足的时间，给大家照相。

不到北京，您不知道自己官小；不到香港，您不知道自己钱少；不到上海，您不知道自己的楼小；不到天津，您不知道社会主义有多好；不到海南岛，您不知道自己身体不好；

没有到北京之前，我给大家几个任务哦，做到了有奖励哦。

把北京的财气、福气、喜气带回来——

喜气——在故宫里的大花轿，（中国最后一次举行皇帝结婚的轿子——光绪皇帝大婚）；

福气——和珅家里的福字碑（康熙皇帝给自己母亲60大寿亲笔题的“福”字）；

财气——北京角楼里的貔貅，是北京三大风水神兽，龙生九子中的第九子。只有嘴巴，没有屁，只吃钱为生的。所以貔貅也是民间作为招财的神兽。

（这三种气都是要摸的，怎么摸？到北京我将给大家听）

把北京最出名的三座建筑带回来：天安门，毛主席纪念堂，鸟巢

把北京的三位名人带回来：毛泽东、周恩来（天津）、邓颖超（或者孙中山）

再加上北京的特产，中国美食之首——北京烤鸭。刚好10个任务，十全十美，大家讲好不好！

在这里，我跟大家讲一讲旅游的注意事项，有些阿叔、阿姨可能没有跟旅游团出去玩过，有些东西可能不太懂！

第一， 大家一定要放开心事来玩，开心的玩，好不容来一次北京嘛，不好整天想家里的鸡有没有人喂，花有没有人帮淋，孙子吃得好咩！！统统都不要想这么多，家里人自然会带好的。所以第一点，大家这趟出门一定要放开心来玩；

第二， 是安全问问题。这里主要包括生命的安全和财产的安全。人身的安全，我们就不提了，虽然我们公司给每一阿叔、阿姨都购买了保险，但是我们都不希望他有用，对吧？财产的安全，就需要大家自己重视了，我知道大家身上都或多或少的有一些贵重的东西，比如现金啊、相机、手机等等，我们导游会很罗嗦，每天不少于三次提醒大家“随时、随地、随身携带好贵重物品”;

第三， 纪律问题。我们从现在开始就算是一个团队了，团队就要有团队纪律了。纪律1:大事申请小事汇报（独自离团，叫大事；上厕所等叫做小事，呵呵）2:遵守时间，我们说多少点集中，就请大家自觉准时集中，要不然，你等我，我等你，会耽误很多游览时间；3:照相，在北京有些地方是不许照相的，例如毛主席纪念堂、人民大会堂、玉器城等等，这些地方要是乱拍照会被没收相机的；4:不许随地丢垃圾、吐痰，北京的城管很严的，会罚很重的，50—100元一次；5:公共场合不许吸烟，景区、饭店等等都不能啵！5:不能开政治领导人的玩笑，因为被北京人听到就不好了。

第四， 吃饭问题。我们次趟北京之旅，是全部包餐的，只要到了吃饭时间都有饭吃，大家不用自己去找吃的。总共吃9个正餐5个早餐，一个正餐在飞机上吃。但是我们出门在外，吃的，可能不像家里那么自由、那么好，而已我们的旅游团餐是15元，每个人，总共150元，150元在金秀、桐木都没吃的什么好的，更加不用讲北京了，所以大家要做好吃苦的准备，大家怕咩？我们是做8菜一汤，每桌10个人，5个荤菜3个素菜，饭随便吃的，保证大家吃得饱，但是，说要吃得好，就很难讲了。

相信你们出门前，也听别人讲过，北京旅游吃得很差的，几天一点肉都没有，北京人不吃肉的！！！其实这是因为太多旅行社竞争了，大家一个比一个少，最后只有在吃住上面扣了。这次，大家选择了我们，我们一定会尽全力做好。不过，还是要给大家打个预防针先。

另外，我们两广人也比较挑食了的，人家北京很有钱的老板，早上也是个把馒头加根葱就够了，就是正餐也是一般的，哪像我们。另外，北京的口味偏咸，喜欢放很多的酱油、八角来煮菜，所以味道比较重，我们广西人一般都吃不惯，不过我们公司已经跟北京的旅行社、餐馆联系好了，尽可能的按照我们广西人的口味来做饭菜。

不过有些东西，还是改不了的，比如北京没有米粉，大家不要我讲“小杜啊，我们没用什么的，有一碗螺丝粉就得了”我还真是做不到；另外，北京人一般不吃粥，不喝汤的，所以在北京粥叫做稀饭，稀得可以照镜子的粥，清的可以梳头的汤；豆浆是咸的，包子不放糖的。以前经常有阿叔、阿姨跟我讲“北京人不会做包子的，难吃死了，喊我来做肯定好得多”.这就是南北的差别了。

第五， 住。我们在北京最好了，5个晚上住在同一家酒店里，大家晚上想洗什么都可以。不过啊，小杜跟大家讲，少洗点东西，第一，耽误你休息；第二，浪费水啊，北京是一个严重缺水的城市。北京人最怕河南人和广西人了，河南人吃得多，广西人天天要洗澡。一到酒店，大家就等着看吧，人家一定会讲“广西人又来洗澡了”或者“广西的洗澡团又来了”.

我们今晚到酒店的时候，大家先把行李全部拿下车，在酒店大堂等我，我去拿房间钥匙，然后谁要跟谁住的，跟我讲一声，房间都是两人间的，你要是想一个人住一间房，就要加钱了，我想也没有必要，是吧，原则上夫妻住一间房，要是想跟人家老婆，或是老公住一间房的，你们就自己商量了，我不管，但是不要吵架就好了，也是！跟自己老婆住几十年了，可能分不开了，是吧！

房间里一般有一次性拖鞋，使用纸做的，建议大家不要穿，很滑，打赤脚不要紧的，干净的；房间里也有毛巾、一次性牙刷、牙膏、洗发水，还有烧开水的水壶，都是可以用的，但如果有香蕉、苹果、饼干矿泉水，或者一些性用品，大家就不要用了，这些是要付费的，比外面贵很多。

另外，我每天晚上，都会把大家检查房间，有什么都可以跟我说，比如不会开房门啊，水不热啊，电视不会开啊，等等，只要记住我住那间房，或者我的电话就可以了。

我们常规的旅游团一般住在北京三环左右，北京现在又6个环，第六环一圈又60公里，所以我们住得已经算很市中心了，现在北京有多大呢？中国最大的城市，面积,人口,所以大家到北京之后说“我们住的地方在那里？可以走到天安门吗？”要走可以，可能要一天。天安门附近都是古代的博物馆、国家行政中心、或者超级贵的高级酒店，我们没有办法住在那里的。

另外北方人，不逛夜市的，普通的商店6点钟关门，最繁华的商店、步行街晚上9点前也都关门的，在我们南方、桐木，我们刚出来逛街咧。车上有哪一位阿叔、阿姨有亲人在北京吗？要是需要探亲访友的，记住要他们来找您，不要自己去找，北京太大了，您很难找得到的。北京的的士起步价是10块，打的士正常要60以上，才能到得了目的地。若是大家晚上真要出门走走，一定要3、5个人一起。 我们住的是准三星的酒店，空调、彩电、独立卫生间、热水都一应俱全，保证干净卫生，但是不一定会是很新的酒店，希望大家谅解，不过我相信大家都能够接受的，是吧。

第， 游览。在北京我们的主要的景点有一下11个：天安门广场、毛主席纪念堂、人民大会堂、故宫、景山公园、八达岭长城、明十三陵之昭陵、鸟巢、奥林匹克中心、颐和园、天坛公园等等，具体行程等下我会发给大家，每人一份。现在我要跟大家说的是游览景点过程中的注意事项：

1、 上厕所（我们中老年人因为身体的原因，每天要上好多次厕所，所以在这里我要跟大家说，我是大家的全程陪同导游，大家大大小小的事都可以跟我讲，包括上厕所，我们去玩的景区一般都好大的，在景区里您自己要去找厕所，不容易找得到，也容易迷路、掉队，所以有人要上厕所，跟我说一声，我会安排的，好不好！另外出门在外，我们为了文明一点，一般把上厕所叫做唱歌！）

2、 景点的游览循序。我们去玩的景点，有些景点是正门进，后门出的，有些是同一个门进出的，大家要自由参观的时候，我们会说得很清楚，在这里先给大家提个醒。比如北京故宫前后8个门，那个门集中，要注意一听哦！要不然走丢了很难找的，我去北京这么多次，基本上每一次有人走丢，要么是在景区里，那么实在唱歌的时候。

3、特产店，这次在北京的5天里，我们会有5个购物店，分别是卖玉器的、卖貔貅的、卖首饰的、卖北京土特产的，卖金泰蓝的。我们希望每一位团友配合一下我们的工作，每一个购物点待购40到50分钟。买不买随便大家，绝对没有强制。

最后， 购物。如果大家有跟过旅游团外出旅游的就知道了，我们的旅游都会去参观旅游纪念商品点和土

在这里我提醒一下，我希望大家尽量少买东西，因为我们是到北京旅游的，不是到北京买东西的，大家说对不对？？那，给个掌声给我吧！！！因为你们买的越多，我得的提成就越多，但是我现在都叫你们不买了，我就没有提成了。开玩笑的！！！！但是，这些话，我只能够在这里讲，到了北京就不能讲了，大家在北京的时候也不要跟北京的导游说，我们杜导说，叫我们不要买的！！！那样我可能就没有办法和你们一起回来了。不过，我还是要提醒大家，超过100块钱的就叫贵重的东西了，你要买的时候，要看好，要慎重，最好不要来问我，“小杜，这个东西值不值？”我不好回答的。

我们安排的购物点是非常值得去看看的，里面的东西，说句难听的话，有些东西您可能一辈子都没有见过，比如，我们去的玉器城非常大，有几千种，最贵的要几百万，便宜的几块也有，还有景泰蓝，高中课文里就有介绍，它在清朝以前，只有皇帝和皇帝的家人才可以用，是国宝的，但现在大家不买，也可以参观了。大家就当成多去几个旅游参观点了，随便看看，就当看看“大蛇拉屎”了。

另外，告诉大家，我们去的购物点的东西都相对外面的要贵点的，不贵导游吃什么，对吧！！但是我们旅行社去的购物点都是保质量的，大家在一点上可以放心，建议大家不要在路边买那些东西，特别是吃的，比如北京的烤鸭、果脯，购物点里卖60元，外面卖16块、8块，说实话16元的，我不敢买。

北京是一个国际旅游城市，满大街都会有很多买小东西的人，大家要特别注意那些肥肥胖胖的阿姨，她们好多是东北的，东北人的脾气很差，你问了价钱，又不买，她们会骂人而且骂得很难听的！！我们也不希望闹事嘛！！不过这种事，在桐木都会发生的，是吧！

第一， 娱乐（增加景点）北京大大小小有200多个景点，有公园，有博物馆，有看表演、看相声，看杂技等等五花八门都有，北京的导游为了挣点钱，都会推荐大家去，说实在的，有些地方也是很值得去的，我刚才不是说了吗，建议大家少买东西，多看景点，毕竟大家是来旅游的嘛。我在这里给大家推荐几个吧，比如说中国历史上最大的贪官和珅的家——恭王府，皇帝没有的，他都有，他的家是很值得去看看的，而且和珅为什么这么受乾隆皇帝的宠爱，这里有很多故事的，而且北京的福气就在他家。建议大家在北京，可以参加两个到三个自费的景点吧，大概200多块左右。不过去不去，完全是自愿的，绝对不强制。我们参考少数服从多数吧，如果少部分人不去，就只能在外面等了。

第二， 行（车）。我们在北京的5天多时间，都是做同一辆汽车，大家就：上车睡觉、下车尿尿、景点拍个照，回来一问全都不知道。每天都是上车，下车，吃饭，睡觉。蛮辛苦的！！北京很大，景区和景区之间都是坐车去的，走不到的，大家可能还不知道吧，长城离北京有多远，70公里。

第三， 次趟旅游，我还要提醒大家做好吃苦的准备，很多出去旅游过的人回来都说，旅游比做工都要辛苦。因为早出晚归，中午又不能睡觉。北京比我们金秀、桐木早半个时区，意思是说，北京的天亮比我们早半个钟头，晚上天黑也早半个小时。另外，北京的天气很干燥，大家一定要多喝水。

就先说到这里吧，大家看我也说了差不多一个钟头了，跟老师上一节课一样了，我们一路上还有很多时间，再慢慢说，好不好！！

在这里，我仅仅代表金秀大山旅行社，和我本人祝愿大家旅游愉快，满载而归！！（鞠躬）

游客朋友们:

您们好，欢迎您到北海公园参观游览。

北海公园位于北京市的中心，是我园现存最悠久、保存最完整的皇家园林之一，距今已有近千年的历史

北海园林的开发始于辽，金又在辽初创的基础上于大定十九年(1179年)建成规模宏伟的太宁宫。太宁宫沿袭我国皇家园林“一池三山”的规制，并将北宋汴京艮岳御园中的太湖石移置于琼x岛上。至元四年(1267年)，元世祖忽必烈以太宁宫琼x岛为中心营建大都，琼x岛及其所在的湖泊被划入皇城，赐名万寿山、太液池永乐十八年(1420xx年)明朝正式迁都北京，万寿山、太液池成为紫禁城西面的御苑，称西苑。明向南开拓水面，形成三海的格局。清朝承袭明的西苑，乾隆时期对北海进行大规模的改建，奠定了此后的规模和格局。辛亥革命后，1920xx年北海辟为公园对外开放。1949年新中国成立后，党和政府对北海公园的保护极为重视，拨巨资予以修葺，1961年被国务院公布为第一批全园重点文物保护单位。

北海是中国历史园林的艺术杰作。全园占地69公顷(其中水面39公顷)，主要由琼x岛、东岸、北岸景区组成琼x岛上树木苍郁，殿宇栉比，亭台楼阁，错落有致，白塔耸立山巅，成为公园的标志，环湖垂柳掩映着濠濮间、画舫斋、静心斋、天王殿、快雪堂、九龙壁、五龙亭、小西天等众多著名景点，北海园林博采众长，有北方园林的宏阔气势和江南私家园林婉约多姿的风韵，并蓄帝王宫苑的富丽堂皇及宗教寺院的庄严肃穆，气象万千而又浑然一体，是中国园林艺术的瑰宝。北海位于北京故宫西北，是我国现存历史悠久、规模宏伟的一处古帝王宫苑。素有人间“仙山琼阁”之美誉这里原是辽、金、元、明、清五个朝的皇家“离宫御苑 明、清两，北海与中海、南海合称三海清乾隆年间大规模扩建，现存建筑多为那时所建，基本上已是现在的格局了。

北海全区可分为琼x岛、团城、北海东岸与北岸四个部分琼x岛是全园的中心，岛上建筑、造景繁复多变，堪称北海胜景东部以佛教建筑为主，永安寺、正觉殿、白塔，自下而上，高低错落，其中尤以高耸入云的白塔最为醒目;西部以悦心殿、庆霄楼等系列建筑为主，另有阅古楼、漪澜堂、双虹榭和许多假山隧洞、回廊、曲径等建筑。

北海东、北两岸有建筑群多处，各具特色，有画舫斋、濠濮涧、静心斋、天王殿、小西天、五龙亭、九龙壁等园中园和佛寺建筑北海南为屹立于水滨的团城，以永安桥与琼x岛相连;团城上的建筑按中轴线对称布置，主殿承光殿位于中央，规模宏大，造型精巧。

北海公园的面积为68公顷，其中水面约占39公顷总观北海全园的建筑布局，以白塔为中心，以琼x岛为主体的四面景观。山顶耸立的白塔建于清顺治八年(1651年)，内藏有喇嘛经卷和衣钵等四周殿阁相连，形成众星捧月之势湖东岸、北岸有几处庭院、寺庙建筑湖边的五龙亭似飘若动，构成了北海的又一独特景致。位于北岸的九龙壁更是气势磅礴，为中国仅有的三个九龙壁之一园中的“仿膳饭庄”以经营清宫风味菜肴著称。

Hello, everyone. Have you ever been to Beijing?

Whats the weather like in Beijing?

Beijings cold weather is not to see the sun outside, what to see? Look atthe wind! As long as the wind blows, the weather will be relatively cold. Whatsthe wind blowing in winter? Whats the wind blowing in summer? The primaryschool teacher said that southeast wind blows in summer and northwest wind blowsin winter. Please remember. A student stood up and said: No, my mother said thatshe married my father and drank all year round

You choose to come to Beijing at the end of October. Generally speaking,the time is very good. Its neither cold nor hot. Its an ideal tourist seasonin Beijing. As the saying goes: in good travel time, meeting a good guide is akind of happiness; in good travel time, meeting a poor guide is a kind ofsadness. Its a sigh to meet a good tour guide in a bad travel time; its a kindof helplessness to meet a poor tour guide in a bad travel time. I hope we have agood time to travel, and I hope I am a good guide.

Id like to introduce myself. My family name is Li and my name is Tianyun.After you met me, I wish you good luck every day. Li is Muzi Li. You can call medirector Li, but dont call me director Li. You can also call me Xiao Li, butdont add Zi. Xiao Li is Li Lianying, the eunuch next to Empress Dowager Cixi.Eunuch is an incomplete man. Besides being thin, the function of other parts ofhis body is quite normal. I was born on December 26. Whats the specialsignificance of this day? My mothers birthday is also on this day, and myemperor Taizus birthday is also on December 26. My emperor Taizu is ChairmanMao Zedong. I want to have the same birthday as a great man. I cant be worse inmy life. But after living for more than 20 years, I found that Im not tall, notshort, not fat, not thin, not old, not tender, and so on So far, no miracle hashappened to me, but it doesnt matter. As the saying goes, height is not thedistance, weight is not the pressure, age is not the problem, so I still have toconfidently take everyones activities in Beijing these days.

In addition to taking you on a tour, we also have a master in charge of ourtransportation. Our master has more than ten years of driving experience. Heusually receives deputies to the National Peoples Congress, and receives VIPguests and athletes during the Olympic Games. There has been no accident formore than ten years. He is very professional and safe. During our time inBeijing, we have master _ _ driving for us. We have to work hard for him in thenext few days. Lets give him some applause first!

Although the roads in Beijing are very broad now, Beijing, as the capital,has many people and cars, and the traffic condition is not very good most of thetime. During our travel time, there may be traffic jams or people waiting forthe bus. I hope you can understand.

People live on food. When they come to Beijing, the first thing they shouldpay attention to is eating. When they come out, they wont be as comfortable asthey are at home. Especially when they join a tour group, they should beprepared: the tour group meal in Beijing is very bad. What is despair? Despairis two dishes served in a restaurant, Eat the first one: "is there anythingworse in the world?" eat the second one "Kao! Its really there!" although thegroup meal is bad, its still quite hygienic. You can rest assured to eat it.The principle is to have enough food, eight dishes and one soup, and all therice. When you see that the food is not enough, drink the soup quickly. If wedont have enough to eat, we can see the mountains far away and have a pot ofsteamed bread. If you come back to China for tourism in the future, if thenumber of people is small, you should try not to arrange group meals by travelagencies. Youd better have what you want (for Hong Kong and overseasChinese).

Next is the accommodation. Beijing is the capital, the political andcultural center. People come and go very frequently, so hotels of the same levelin Beijing are not as good as those in other places. Then it gives a briefintroduction of the hotel (such as stars, how far to the airport, how far to therailway station, how far to Tiananmen Square). In the evening, when we go backto the hotel, we should pay attention to rest. When we go shopping, we are notfamiliar with the place, so we should not go too far. The three things you mustdo when you come to Beijing are climbing the Great Wall, eating roast duck andwatching acrobatics. I think we have arranged to climb the great wall and eatroast duck in our itinerary, but we havent arranged to watch acrobatics. Imvery sorry. About in the Neolithic age, Chinese acrobatics had sprouted. Soacrobatics has a history of more than 20__ years in China. Diving, rings andother sports in our Olympic Games are all evolved from acrobatics. Trampoline,which was officially an Olympic event in 20__, is also evolved from acrobatics.Chinas trampoline won two Olympic gold medals in 20__ Beijing Olympic Games.Chinese people can be proud to announce to the world that we cant do football,we cant do track and field, we cant do swimming pool, but we cant do it inbed! Chaoyang theater is the only designated theater for external performance inBeijing. During the Olympic Games, all foreign leaders came to China to watchacrobatic performances. Modern acrobatics combined with sound, color, light andother advanced elements are more gorgeous and exciting than traditionalacrobatics. It really reflects the brilliance of one minute on stage and tenyears off stage. Almost all the performances have won awards in theinternational arena, so we are visiting Beijing During this period, acrobaticsis absolutely not to be missed if you have time in the evening. If you dont go,you will be sorry, but you will be shocked.

The most important thing to come to Beijing is to visit. Apart fromclimbing the Great Wall, eating roast duck and watching acrobatics, what elsecan we play? Generally speaking, we can enter Guangzhou to watch cars, fly toGuilin to watch mountains, go to Xian to watch tombs, visit Beijing to watchwalls, pass Tianjin to watch docks, visit Qinghai to watch the source, visitTibet to watch Buddhas head, visit Nanjing to watch stones, visit Shanghai towatch peoples heads drunk, visit Shanghai to watch peoples heads;Unforgettable Hangzhou girl. What you see in Beijing is the top of the wall,that is, the most important thing is the history and culture left over from theancient capital. If you join this tour group and meet guide Xiao Li, you are ina Beijing history and culture crash course, so you should listen to mecarefully. Cant get on the car to sleep, get off the car to pee, take photos ofscenic spots, go home and ask nothing. Especially when there are many touristsin Beijing, adults look at their heads and children look at their buttocks, sowe should play with me, hold the hand of the guide, and travel together inBeijing!

Beijing is the capital of Liao, Jin, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, thelast five feudal dynasties in Chinese history. Its design and planning embodiesthe highest achievement of ancient Chinese urban planning, and is known as "thegreatest individual project of human beings on the surface of the earth". Weshould not only look at the history, but also the modern development of Beijing.Now lets briefly introduce the situation of Beijing.

Beijing covers a total area of 16808 square kilometers and is divided into18 districts. Beijing is surrounded by Hebei Province. From the map, HebeiProvince surrounds the whole of Beijing, and it is not far from Beijing

Chengde Mountain Resort is the largest classical Royal Garden in China. In1984, it was rated as one of the top ten scenic spots in China. In 1994, it waslisted in the world heritage list. It is very worth seeing. If we can arrange itsometimes, we should go there for a day or two.

The terrain of Beijing is high in the northwest and low in the southeast,which is in line with the artistic conception of an ancient poem that a riverflows eastward. Beijing plain accounts for 1 / 3, mountain accounts for 2 / 3.There are more than 16 million permanent residents in Beijing, more than 4million people from other places, and more than 20 million people live in onethird of the plain. Therefore, the traffic pressure just mentioned is veryheavy.

To this end, Beijing has made great efforts to improve the trafficenvironment. The cost of bus is also very cheap. Basically, one yuan is enoughfor taking the bus, and 20% or 40% discount can be given for those with buscard. We work in the suburbs because its expensive to rent or buy a house inthe urban area. Although its cheap to take the bus, it takes a long time. Weneed to get up early in the morning to go to work. Sometimes it only takes 30minutes to do a business in the urban area, but it takes two hours to come bybus, and it takes two hours to go back, so one day is spent on the bus. Becauseof the long journey, we usually have to take the bus home from work, so thenightlife in Beijing is not very rich. Talk about the four idiots in Beijing:eat lobster, go shopping to Yansha, sing and love flowers, and go home afterwork. The poor go home after work, the drunkard go home at 9, the luster go homeat 11 and the gambler go home at 2-3.

The starting price of a taxi is 10 yuan for 3 km, and 2 yuan per km after 3km. In addition to improving the above ground transportation, we should focus onthe development of the subway. The cost of the subway is also very cheap. Itcosts 2 yuan to get through. As long as you dont go out of the subway door, youcan take a ride for a day, so as to stimulate the reduction of private cars,reduce road congestion, improve air quality and environmental protection. Butthe rich should buy a car or buy a car, and the poor should take what kind ofcar, so we should not climb, compare, and be angry with ourselves in our dailylife; eat less salt, be jealous, play less mahjong, and take more walks; sleepon time, get up on time, and do boxing and aerobics.

Good health is really good. According to official statistics, the averagelife span of Beijingers has reached 80 years old. Before the reform and openingup, it was 60 years old. Why? With the improvement of living standards, Chinesesociety is developing, and Beijing is developing. In the past, only the emperorcan eat, but now ordinary people can also eat the palace flavor. In the past,the emperor can wear silk, but now ordinary people can buy it, too The jadebrought by the emperor is good for our health. We can also buy it now. Themedicinal materials of Tongrentang, which has a history of more than 300 years,used to be used exclusively by the royal family, especially the Empress DowagerCixi, who used to take the Wuji Baifeng pill of Tongrentang all the year round.Now we can also buy it. We can also buy the Royal Cloisonne ornaments. In short,the royal family can eat, wear and play Good health, we can do now, in additionto the emperors harem three thousand, so many women we cant do. When we cometo Beijing for tourism, if we need to use these things or give them as gifts tofriends and relatives, they are very helpful. They can support the developmentof Beijings tourism industry and improve our taste in life. When it comes totaste, men are divided into six grades: first-class men have a home outsidetheir home, second-class men have flowers outside their home, third-class menfind a home in their flowers, fourth-class men go home from work, fifth classmen go home from work, and their wives are not at home, sixth class men go homefrom work, and there is a man beside their wives. Women can be divided into fourclasses. First class beauties travel abroad, second class beauties ShenzhenZhuhai, third class beauties Beijing Shanghai, and fourth class beauties wait athome.

So what do we usually call a beautiful woman in Beijing? The older one iscalled sister, the older one is called aunt, and the younger one is called girl.Generally speaking, men are called elder brother, and the elderly are calledelder brother. Children are called children. But pure Beijingers, that is, oldBeijing, call girls girls girls instead of girls. I dont call a beauty abeauty, but a honey. Call him or not, call him ya. I dont care if you call meinside. Call a woman a woman, not a woman. Call a man a man, not a man. Call afriend porcelain instead of a friend. A lover is not called a lover, but an ace.I dont call a little girl a little girl, but a girl.

This is Beijings address, Tianjins address is more special, for example:there are people calling sister, not sister, anyway, no matter how old you are,even if you are only a teenager, there may be 50 or 60 years old people callingyour sister, not sister. There are those who call big brother, but not brothersor brothers. Even an elderly grandmother will call a young man in her 20s bigbrother, but she wont call brothers. Some call uncle, but not uncle. That is tosay, no matter what is your fathers ranking at home, you should call his otherbrothers uncle, and your fathers younger brother is not uncle. In a word, itsbasically shouting. Thats what Tianjin is called. Tianjin is called the backgarden of Beijing. During holidays, Beijingers will drive there for holidays.Tianjin is more than 100 kilometers away from Beijing, and the whole journey isonly two hours to Tianjin. If we have time, we can play one more city by the waywith little fare.

The road we are taking now is the capital airport expressway, which wasbuilt in 92 and opened to traffic in 93. The capital airport expressway is 18 kmlong, with 34.5 m wide subgrade and 6 lanes in both directions. There are 3 mwide emergency parking belts on both sides of the road. It is fully closed andinterchange. The design speed is 120 km / h. The starting point is Sanyuanqiao.It takes 10 minutes from Sanyuanqiao to the Capital International Airport.Expressway pavement structure layer, the introduction of foreign asphaltmodification technology, in the ordinary asphalt mixed with plastic or rubber,change the high temperature and low temperature stability of asphalt, make itnot soften at 60 ℃ high temperature, not brittle at minus 30 ℃ low temperature,but also enhance the anti-wear ability, reduce noise, greatly extend the servicelife. The use of modified asphalt, which is the first in domestic highwayconstruction. The capital airport expressway costs 100 million yuan perkilometer, which is known as the first road to China. No matter how old anofficial or ordinary person you are, you have to enter Beijing from thisexpressway.

Usually when we talk about Beijing, where is it called Beijing? Accordingto the official regulations, the third ring road is called Beijing. Sanyuanqiao,the starting point of our airport expressway, connects the third ring road. Whatis "three yuan"? The imperial examination system is called "three yuan". Thefirst place of the provincial examination, the imperial examination and theimperial examination is Jieyuan, Huiyuan and the number one scholar. One afteranother, he won the first place in the provincial examination, the generalexamination and the palace examination, which is called Lianzhong Sanyuan.Taking the Qing Dynasty as an example, the whole process of imperial examinationin the old days started from the grass-roots level of government, prefecture andcounty, which was called childrens examination. Those who enter for theexamination are called Tong Sheng, and those who pass the examination are calledXiucai. The first one is called desk. The formal higher level nationalexamination is called the local examination, which is held in the provincialcapital. The examinees are scholars from all over the country. After passing theexamination, they are called Juren, and the first place is "Jieyuan"; the nexthigher level is the joint examination, which is held in the Ministry of rites.The examinees are Juren, and after passing the examination, they are calledGongsheng, and the first place is "Huiyuan"; The imperial examination was heldin the palace. The emperor personally presided over the examination. Thecandidates were Gongsheng, who were called Jinshi after winning the examination.The imperial examination system in ancient China has a history of more than onethousand years, in which 17 people were able to connect the three yuan.

魏嘉平二年(250年)征北将军刘靖驻守蓟城时，命军士千人在桑乾河上修戾陵堰，开车箱渠、导高梁河水灌溉。高梁河水系下游即今什刹海一带。

13世纪，蒙古灭金在的宫殿毁于大火，元世祖忽必烈决定另建一座新的都城。什刹海是元大都规划设计的最基本的依据之一。全城自北向南的中轴线是紧傍积水潭而选定的;大都城四面的城墙位置是依积水潭东南岸的距离而建的。元朝曾依托这一片水域在东岸确定了都城建设的中轴线，什刹海始成为元、明、清三代城市规划和水系的核心。元代名海子，为一宽而长的水面，明初缩小，后逐渐形成西海﹑后海﹑前海，三海水道相通。

明中叶什刹海水面稻田增加而湖面锐减，在德胜桥东南，开挖一条直通下游水面的渠道岔河)，与后海隔开，积水潭水由岔河直流到前海，南经西压闸入皇城，同时向西北，过银锭桥倒流入后海，形成“银锭观山水倒流”的景观。

顺治元年(1644年)清朝定都北京，内城由各旗分别管辖，今什刹海地区属正黄旗。康熙二十七年(1688年)疏浚什刹海。

刹海景区范围大体是什刹海景区位于北京城区中轴线的西北部，东起地安门外大街北侧;南自地安门西大街向西至龙头井向西北接柳荫街、羊房胡同、新街口东街到新街口北大街，西自新街口北大街向北到新街口豁口;北自新街口豁口向东到德胜门，由德胜门沿鼓楼西大街到钟、鼓楼。

什刹海景区历史文化积淀深厚，有文物保护单位40余处，占西城区的三分之一以上。历史上本地区曾建有王府、寺观、庵庙等多达30余座，现仍尚存10几处。什刹海34公顷的水面十分自然地融入城市街区之中，依托水体，还有湖岸的垂柳、水中的荷花等也成为什刹海频具特色自然景观。号称“燕京小八景”之一的“银锭观山”在景区中具有典型意义。什刹海景区具有大量典型的胡同和四合院，如金丝套地区的大、小金丝胡同，南、北官房胡同和后海北沿的鸦儿胡同以及白米斜街、烟袋斜街等。

Good morning Ladies and Gentlemen:

My name is ___. I’m very honored to be youre guide. I do hope all of youcould like my guiding and enjoy everything on your pleasant day. This morning weare going to visit the Summer Palace. The Summer Palace is located on thenorthwest suburbs of Beijing, about 20 kilometers away from the center of thecity. So it will take us about 1 hour to get there. Before we arrived at theSummer Palace, I would like to introduce you a brief introduction of thewoderful imperial garden. The Summer Palace is the most beautiful and thelargest imperial garden existing in Chinan, and it is the best-preservedimperial garden in the world. In 1998, it was placed on the List of WorldCultural Heritage by the UNESCO.

The Summer Palace was first built as an imperial garden at the beginning of12th century in the Jin Dynasty. The construction continued to the Yuan and Mingdynasties. In the Qing Dynasty, the building of imperial gardens reached itsculmination. During Emperor Qianlong’s reign, the famous ‘Three Hills and FiveGardens’ were built on the northwest suburbs of Beijing. The Summer Palace was apart of it and at that time was called the Garden of Clear Ripples. In 1860, theAnglo-French Allied Forces invaded Beijing. The ‘Three Hills and Five Gardens’were burnt down to ashes.

In 1888, the Empress Dowager Cixi spent the navy fund having the Garden ofClear Ripples rebuilt. And then she renamed it the Garden of Nurtured Harmony(Summer Palace).

In 1900, the Allied Forces of Eight Powers invaded Beijing. The SummerPalace was once again severely damaged. It was rebuilt again in 1902.

In 1924, the Last Emperor Puyi was driven out of the palace, after that,the Summer Palace was turned into a public park.

Ladies and Gentlemen, please look over there, in front of us is an archway.It is called “Emptiness and the collection of excellence”, and it is the firstscenery of the Summer Palace. The two Chinese words on the front side of thearchway mean emptiness and refer to everything in nature and in the scenery. Thetwo words on the back side mean Collection of Excellence and refer to thetranquility of the beautiful scenery just within the garden.

(outside the East Palace Gate)

Now, we have arrived at the East Palace Gate. It’s the main entrance of theSummer Palace. On top of the gate there is a plaque with three Chinesecharacters ‘The Summer Palace’ in Emperor Guangxu’s handwriting. The gate thatwe are now entering was used by the emperor, the empress only in the olddays.

(Inside the East Palace Gate)

Now we are inside the Summer Palace. In front of us is the second gate ofthe Summer Palace— the Gate of Benevolence and Longevity. The annex halls onboth sides were used for officials on duty and the offices of the Privy Council.Well, Before we start our tour in the garden, I will briefly introduce you thelayout of the Summer Palace and our tour route. O.K., ladies and gentlemen, mayI have your attention please? Let’s look at the map together, From it we can seethe Summer Palace covers an area of 290 hectares, which the lake occupies thethree-fourths. The whole garden can be divide into three parts: the area was forpolitical activities, resting places of the emperor and empress, and sightseeingareas. Our tour will start from the area of the political activities, and endoff the Marble Boat. On the way, we will visit the main constructions of theSummer Palace, such as the Hall of Jade Ripples, the Hall of Happiness andLongevity, the Long Corridor, the Hall of Dispelling Clouds and so on. It willtake us about two hours to visit the Summer Palace. Please attention, we won’twalk back and our driver will pick us up at the North Gate. Should you get lostor separated from the group, please meet us at the North Gate.

Ok, everyone, let’s start our tour from the emperors’ office --- the Hallof Benevolence and Longevity. Follow me please.

(Inside the courtyard of the Benevolence and Longevity)

Passing through the Gate of Benevolence and Longevity, we have alreadyentered the courtyard of the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity. The huge rock infront of us is Taihu Rock. It was quarried from Taihu Lake in Jiangsu Province,so it was known as Taihu Rock. Please look around the courtyard and you can seethere are four grotesque shaped rocks placed in each corner of this courtyard,representing the four seasons of the year. The Taihu Rocks are usually used asdecoration for beautifying gardens and they are thin, crease, leak andpenetration in characters.

The bronze mythical animal behind the Taihu Rock is known as Suanni or somepeople call it Qilin. According to ancient Chinese mythology, the dragon hadnine sons, but none of them became a real dragon. Suanni was one of the ninesons of the dragon. It was an auspicious animal that could avoid evil spirits inancient lengeds. Suanni has the head of dragon, the antlers of dear, the hoovesof ox and the tail of lion.

(In front of the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity)

This grand hall is the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity. It was firstbuilt in 1750. The name of this hall taken from a book entitled ‘Lun Yu’ byConfucius doctrine means, “ those who are benevolent can enjoy a long life.”This hall was the place where Emperor Guangxu and Empress Dowager Cixi heldaudience and handled state affairs when they were in the Summer Palace. Forprotecting the historical cultural relic, we couldn’t enter the hall. So I wouldlike to briefly introduce you the decorations in the Hall of Benevolence andLongevity. The arrangement of the hall has been left untouched. In the middle ofthe hall stands an emperor’s throne carved with nine dragons on design. Thereare two big fans on both sides behind the throne which are made of peacockfeathers. Behind the throne there is a big screen with red sandalwood frame andglass mirror inlaid. On the mirror there are 226 Chinese characters of the word‘Longevity’ written in different styles. There are two scrolls on each side ofthe wall with a big Chinese character ‘Longevity’ written on it. It was saidthat the word ‘Longevity’ written by Empress Dowager Cixi. There are 100 batspainted at the background of the scroll symbolizing happiness.

Well, please look up the two pairs of incense burners in the shape of adragon and a phoenix in front of the hall. They were used to burn incense sticksto create the appropriate atmosphere. In the old days, the dragon and phoenixwere the symbol of the emperor and empress. According to ritual, the dragonsshould be placed in the center while phoenixes were to either side in front ofthe hall.However, here, the dragons are off to the sides and the phoenixes arein the middle. This was a product of the end of Qing Dynasty when EmpressDowager Cixi handled state affairs behind the screen.

(At the entrance of Garden of virtuour Harmony)

We are now visiting the Garden of Virtuous Harmony, where Emperor Qianlongand Empress Dowager Cixi were entertained with Bejing Opera performances. Itmainly consists of the Dressing House, the Grand Theater Building and the Hallof Pleasure Smile. The Grand Theater Building was known as the ‘Cradle ofBeijing Opera’ was uniquely laid out and magnificently decorated. There are 7exhibition halls with articles of daily use on display here.

(In front of the Grand Theater Building)

This is the Grand Theater Building. Of the three main theater buildings ofthe Qing Dynasty, the Grand Theater Building is the tallest and largest one. Theother two are Changyin Pavilion in the Forbidden City and Qingyin Pavilion inthe Mountain Resort in Chengde. The Grand Theater Building, a three-storiedstructure, has a double roof with upturned eaves. It is 21 meters high and 17meters wide. Performances could be staged simultaneously on three levels. Thetop one was a symbol of happiness, the middle level was emolument level and thebottom stage was named longevity stage. Each level has the entrance and theexit. There are some trapdoors in the ceiling and below the floor for ‘celestialbeing’ to fly down from the sky and the ‘devils’ to appear from the earth to setoff a certain atmosphere on the stage. There is also a well and five ponds builtunder the stage for a good effect of water scenes. The stage is open to threesides.

Well, please look at the construction that stands right opposite the GrandTheater Building, it’s the Hall of Pleasure Smile. The Empress Dowager Cixi usedbo sit inside the hall to watch and enjoy the Peking Opera.

(A lakeside walk from the Garden of virtuous Harmony to the Hall of JadeRipples)

We are now standing in the middle of a rockery behind the Hall ofBenevolence and Longevity. It appears that there’s nothing special ahead.However, after we clear the rockery, we will reach Kunming Lake. This is anapplication of a specific style of Chinese

gardening.

Now, we are walking along the bank of the Kunming Lake. Look over there,not far away in the lake there is an islet. It’s called the Spring HeraldingIslet. The pavilion on the islet is called the Spring Heralding Pavilion. Anumber of willow trees and peach trees were planted on this islet. In earlyspring, when the ice begins to melt, peach trees are red in pink blossoms,willow trees turn a tender green signaling that the early spring has returned.Hence the name ‘Heralding Sping Pavilion’.

(In front of the Hall of Jade Ripples)

This group of special and quiet courtyard dwellings is the Hall of JadeRipples. The words “Jade Ripples” came from a verse “Gentle ripples gushing outof Jade Spring”, which refers to the rippling water in the lake. It was firstused by Emperor Qianlong to attend to state affairs. In the late Qing Dynasty,it was where Emperor Guangxu was put under house arrest.

This hall is a hallmark of the Movement of 1898. Emperor Guangxu wasEmperor Dowager Cixi’s nephew. After Emperor Tongzhi died, Emperor Dowager Ciximade her nephew, who was at that time four years old a successor in order tocontinue her hold on imperial power. She ‘handled state affairs behind thescreen’. After Emperor Guangxu ‘managed state affairs personally’ at the age of19, a political conflict occurred between the conservatives and the reformers.In 1898, the Reform Movement took place with the aim of sustaining the coreprinciples of the Qing Dynasty while reforming outdated laws. The movementlasted for103 days until it was suppressed by Empress Dowager Cixi. It wascalled the ‘Hundred-Day Reform’. After the reform failed, Emperor Guangxu wasput under house arrest here. For the strict control of him, Empress Dowager Cixiordered to build many brick walls in the front, back, and on the right and leftof the Hall of Jade Ripples. At that time the hall was entirely sealed up, justlike a prison. Today only the hidden walls in the east and west annex room stillmaintain its original appearance. It is open to visitors as the relic related tothe 1898 Reform Movement.

(In front of the Chamber of Collecting Books)

This is the Chamber of Collecting Books. In Chinese, it’s called “Yi YunGuang”. “Yun” was a kind of fragrant weed. In ancient times, it was usually usedas termite repellent in rooms where books were stored.In the Emperor Qianlong’sreign, the purpose of the hall was for collecting books. Later it was convertedinto a residence. There used to be the residence of Guangxu’s Empress Longyu,and his favorite concubine Zhenfei.

(In the Hall of Happiness and Longevity)

This group of courtyard is the Hall of Happiness and Longevity. It was themajor architectural structure in the living quarters and the residence ofEmpress Dowager Cixi. The whole compound was basically made of wood, which isideal for ventilation and lighting. With its quiet and tasteful layout, the Hallof Happiness and Longevity made life very easy and convenient. In front of theHall of Happiness and Longevity there is a huge rock placed in the middle ofthis courtyard named “Qing Zhi Xiu” and nicknamed as “Family Bankruptcy Rock”.This huge rock was discovered in Fangshan District by a Ming official MiWanzhong. He wanted to transport it to his own garden “Shaoyuan”. In the olddays, transporting such rock was very difficult. After spending all his money toship it, he still could not succeed in doing this. The big rock was then left onthe roadside somewhere near Liangxiang County, 30 kilometers southwest ofBeijing. Hence it was nicknamed “Family Bancruptcy Rock”. Later Emperor Qianlongdiscovered it and transported to the Garden of Clear Ripples and laid in frontof the Hall of Happiness and Longevity. The colorful glass chandeliers hanginginside the hall was introduced from Germany in 1903. It is one of the earliestelectric lights in China.

(In front of the Gate of Inviting the Moon of the Long Corridor)

Ladies and Gentlemen, you may have visited some of the best museums in theworld, such as the Louvre in France and the Museum of Great Britain. Now I willshow you a special gallery in the palace—the Long Corridor. In 1990, the LongCorridor was listed in the Guinness Book of World Records as ‘the longestpainted corridor’ in the world’. It would be a pity if we leave the SummerPalace without visiting the Long Corridor and the Marble Boat. Now, here we go,the Long Corridor first!

(Strolling along the Long Corridor)

The Long Corridor starts from the Gate Inviting the Moon to the ShizhangGate. It is 728 meters long and consists of 273 sections. The Long corridor isone of the major structures of the Summer Palace. Since the corridor wasdesigned to follow the physical features of the southern slope of LongevityHill, four multiple-eaved, octagonal pavilions ( Retaining the GoodnessPavilion, Living with the Ripples Pavilion, Autumn Water Pavilion, Clear and FarPavilion) were placed at bends and undulation, they represent four seaons of ayear. Thus visitors will hardly notice the rise and fall of the terrain. As amajor part of the architectural style of the Summer Palace, the Long Corridorserves as an ingenious connector between the Lake and the Hill. Scatteredbuildings on the southern slope were linked to create a unified complex.

The Long Corridor is the longest covered veranda in any Chinese garden. Onthe purlins and beams of the covered veranda, there are over 14,000 Suzhou stylepaintings. Among them, there are 546 color paintings relating to the scenes ofWest Lake in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Beside the colorful paintings ofnatural scenery, there are also scenes of flowers, birds, fish, insects,mythology and figures. The paintings of figures are mainly adapted from ancientChinese classical literature, such as ‘Pilgrimage to the West’, ‘The Romance ofthe Three Kingdoms’, ‘The western Chamber’, “Water Margin’, and ‘The Dream ofthe Red Mansion’.

(In front of the Gate of Dispelling Clouds)

Now we are approaching the central part of the structures on the lakesideslope, the Tower of Buddhist Incense within the Hall of Dispelling Clouds. Thecentral axis line starts from the wharf next to the lake to the Sea of Wisdom ontop of the Hill. The main architectural structures here are the Gate ofDispelling Clouds, Hall of Dispelling clouds, Tower of Buddhist Incense and theSea of Wisdom, which altogether form a splendid three-dimensional landscape. Thelayout of this group of architectures was based on scenes described in Buddhistsutras. This group of structures are among the most magnificently constructedhere in the Summer Palace. This is a good place to taking photos, we will stayhere for about 15 minutes.

Now we are walking continuely along the Long Corridor, the next scene weare going to visit is Marble Boat.

Look over there! Halfway up the slope there stands the Hall of Listening toOrioles. It was the place for emperor and empress to enjoy opera and courtmusic. It is said the singing of orioles is very pleasing. Before the Garden ofVirtuous Harmony was built, Empress Dowager Cixi enjoyed opera and music here.Now the hall is one of the most famous restaurants in China, featuring imperialdishes and desserts.

This is the famous Marble Boat. A famous scientist of China’s Eastern HanDynasty once said, “Water can float the boat, but it can also tip it over.” Aprime minister of Tang Dynasty Wei Zheng once used these words to persuade LiShimin, the emperor of the Tang Dynasty. He said people are water and theemperor is the boat. People can support a good emperor. However, they also canoverthrow the dynasty. Emperor Qianlong built this huge boat in the Garden inorder to make the allusion concrete. On one hand, Emperor Qianlong encouragedhimself to run the country well. On the other hand, he wanted to show that hisrule of the Qing Dynasty was as firm as the Marble Boat and there was no fear ofoverturning the boat. The Marble Boat was the place for Emperor Qianlong tosample tea and enjoy the scenery of Kunming Lake. Emperor Qianlong once camehere to engage in the freeing of captive animals. In the times of Qianlong, theMarble Boat was a Chinese styled stone boat with a Chinese style woodensuperstructure on the top of it. When it was rebuilt in the times of Guangxu, aforeign and Chinese elements mixed resulting in two wheels to be added to theboat, one on each side. The floor was paved with colored bricks. All of thewindows were inlaid with multiple-colored glass. A big mirror was installed onthe superstructure for viewing rain.

Our tour is drawing to a close after we visited the Marble Boat. Today weonly visited the major scenic spots of the Summer Palace. I have left otherspots of interest for your next visit. I will now show you out through the RuyiGate. Our coach is waiting for us outside the gate. I do hope you enjoyedtoday’s tour. Thank you.

我们现在们在天坛的昭亨门，也就是现在天坛的南大门。

天坛，位于北京城区的东南部，原是明、清两代皇帝祭天、祈谷的圣地，是世界现存规模最大的祭天建筑群。

天坛，建于明朝永乐四年至十八年(1406～1420)，与紫禁城(故宫)同时兴建。耗时20xx年，距今已有580多年历史。其占地273公顷，比故宫大3.7倍，略小于颐和园。整个建筑布局呈"回"字形，分为内外坛两大部分，各有坛墙围括。外坛墙总长6416米，原来仅设西门，为天坛的正门，是当年皇帝前来天坛祭祀时进出的大门。现在的东、南、北各门，都是后来开辟的。内坛墙总长3292米，分设有东、南、西、北四大"天门"。明代初年，祭天地都在此处举行，名为天地坛。嘉靖九年(1530年)，在北郊另建方泽坛(地坛)后，才实行天地分祭，从此这里专门用于祭天，成为名副其实的天坛。历代封建皇帝对祭天活动都极为重视，每年要两次亲临天坛祭天。第一次是在农历正月十五日，至祈年殿举行祈谷礼，祀(si)"皇天上帝"保佑五谷丰登，第二次是在冬至，至圜丘坛禀告五谷业已丰收，感谢天帝的保佑之恩。新中国成立后，天坛回到了真正当家作主的人民手中，并被列为全国重点文物保护单位。

我们从南门进去，向北走，首先看到的就是在昭亨门西面的三座高大的石台，它叫作台。台上有长杆，叫望灯杆，该杆始建于明嘉靖九年(1530)，杆长九丈九尺九寸。祭天时，三根灯杆上各吊一只直径六尺、高八尺的大灯笼，所用特制，长四尺，粗一尺，并铸有凸龙花纺。燃点时不灭，不流油，不剪蜡花，可燃烧十二个小时，名为“蟠龙通宵宝蜡”。

此刻在我们眼前的便是圜丘坛俗称祭天台，这是名副其实的天坛。建于明嘉靖九年(1530)，清乾隆十四年(1749)扩建，是一座四周由白石雕栏围护的三层石造圆台，通高五米，明、清两代，每年冬至日皇帝亲临的祭天礼仪，就在此坛举行。圜丘坛在建筑形式上，有着许多神奇有趣的说法。这是我国古代人民巧妙运用几何学原理设计的一座杰出建筑，各项建筑材料的数学计算均极其精确，其中包含"九"的含义与运用深为中外广大游人所赞叹与称奇。

圜丘坛共分三层，每层四面各有台阶九级。每层周围都设有精雕细刻的汉白玉石栏杆。栏杆的数字均为九或九的倍数，即上层72根、中层108根、下层180根。同时，各层铺设的扇面形石板，也是九或九的倍数。如最上层的中心是一块圆形大理石(称作天心石或太极石)，从中心石向外，第一环为9块，第二环18块，到第九环81块;中层从第十环的90块至十八环的162块;下层从十九环的171块至二十七环的243块，三层共378个"九"，为3402块。同时，上层直径为9丈(取一九)，中层直径为十五丈(取三五)，下层直径为21丈(取三七)，合起来45丈，不但是九的倍数，而且还有""之尊的含义。为什么要用九或九的倍数来设计建造祭坛呢?原因是：一、据神话传说，皇天上帝是住在九重天里，用九或九的倍数来象征九重天，以表示天体的至高与至大。二、在我国古代把单数(奇数)看作阳数，而将双数(偶数)视为阴数。天为阳、地为阴。天坛是用来祭天的，只能用阳数进行建筑。而"九"又被视为"极阳数"，这是最吉祥的数字。除了封建迷信的因素外，而这种设计规制，却反映出当时工匠们高超的数学知识和计算才能，实在令人叹服。

从南门进入圜丘坛，在内墙南隅有一座用绿琉璃砖砌成的燔炉，是祭天时焚烧松柏木和祭祀后烧祝版、祝帛的地方，燔炉旁有一座瘗坎，祭典结束，把扬供全牛的尾毛血等埋在坎内，像征不忘祖先茹毛饮血的意思。大家看在燔炉前排有8座燎炉，这些是专为祭天时焚烧松柏枝、松花、松塔等用的，在坛东、西门内还各有一对。

现在我们来到了皇穹宇，它距今已有四百多年历史。殿高19.5米，底部直径15.6米。砖木结构，整个殿宇用八根檐柱支撑，顶无横梁，由众多斗拱层层上叠，天花板层层收缩，组成美丽的穹窿圆顶式的藻井。殿内正中的石台宝座，是放置皇天上帝神牌的地方;宝座前左右的石台，是放置皇帝历代祖先牌位之处。殿外的东西配殿，为供奉日月星辰和云雨风雷诸神牌位之所。现按原样陈列，并塑有清代祭天官员的蜡像。

现在是我给大家介绍回音壁，它是指围括皇穹宇和东西配殿的高大的圆形围墙而言。围墙周长193.2米，直径61.5米，墙高3.72 米，厚0.9米。如果两个人分别站在院内东西配殿后的墙下，均面部朝北对墙低声说话，可像打电话一样互相对话，极其奇妙有趣，这就是回音壁得名的由来。

下面介绍的是迷人的圆心石回音 圜丘坛上层中心有一块圆心石，是游人最感兴趣的又一奇妙之处。当你站在圆心石上轻声说话时，自己听起来声音很宏大，有共鸣性回音之感。但站在第二、三环以外的人，则无此种感觉。为什么呢?原来，这也是一种声学现象：由于坛面十分光洁平滑，声波传到周围等距离的石栏围板后，能够迅速地被反射回来。据声学专家测验，从发音到声波再回到圆心石的时间，总共仅有零点零七秒钟。说话者根本无法分清它的原音和回音，所以站在圆心石的人听起来，其共鸣性回音就格外响亮。封建统治者则把这种声学现象说成是"上天垂象"，是天下万民对于朝廷的无限归心与一致响应，同时并赋予"亿兆景从石"的美名。

我们从在皇穹宇的西面出在，在这里有一株古柏，名为九龙柏，树干扭结纠屈，宛如九条盘旋而上的蟠龙，故此得名。据传这棵古柏生长于建坛之前，已有近千年历史。天坛境内广植有树龄悠长、树身高大、四季不凋、繁茂苍翠的松树和柏树。树海林涛，森森淼淼，以造成一种"海阔天空"的广漠景象。

我们现在脚下的路叫做丹陛桥，这明明是一条笔直坦荡的大道，为何又称"桥"呢?因为在道路下辟有一个券洞，与上面的大道正好形成立体交叉，故称为桥。这是一条南北走向的石砌台基大道。全长360米，宽约30米，整个桥体由南向北逐渐升高，南端高约1米，北端高达3米左右。如此设计建造，一则象征皇帝步步高升，寓升天之意;二则表示从人间到天上，具有遥远的路程。丹陛桥为天坛内坛的主轴线，起着连接南端圜丘坛和北端祈谷坛两组建筑物的重要作用。桥面中心线的石板道叫"神道"，神道左右两侧的条石道，分别叫"御道"和"王道"。天帝神灵走"神道"，皇帝走御道，王公大臣走王道。

此刻我们脚下的便是进牲门-俗称"鬼门关"，为什么要叫"鬼门关"呢?因为于祭日前，外坛西南隅牺牲所的"所牧"和"所军"，需从此洞门自西向东赶运牛、羊、鹿、兔等至宰牲亭屠宰。这一活动叫"进牲"。因凡经过此门的牲畜，全被宰杀无存，用以制作供品，故有"鬼门关"之称。

沿着丹陛桥继续向北走，现在在我们左边的是具服台,它位设于丹陛桥北段东侧，为一座凸字形平台。这是皇帝前往祈年殿行祀谷礼时，更换冕服(祭服)的地方。

在西面是斋宫，坐落于西天门内大道南侧的松柏绿树丛中，原是封建皇帝来天坛祈谷、祀天前进行斋戒沐浴的地方。斋宫占地四万平方米，建筑呈四方形，内有正殿、寝宫、钟楼等。四周筑有两重围墙和一道护城河，建筑讲究，警卫森严。走进斋宫正门，迎面便是气势巍峨的正殿，红墙绿瓦，甚为壮观。据说用这种绿瓦以表示皇帝至此不敢妄自尊大，而只能"对天称臣"的意思。殿分五间，呈拱券形，为砖砌结构。整个殿堂不用梁、枋大木，因此也叫"无梁殿"。殿前丹墀上有两座石亭，右边的一座较小，是放时辰牌位的 地方。左边的一座呈正方形，较为高大，名"斋戒铜人石亭"。据史料记载：皇帝斋戒期间，亭内设方几一 张，罩黄云缎桌衣，上设一尺五寸高的铜人像一尊。铜人双手恭奉简牌一枚，上刻“斋戒”二字，以使皇帝"触目惊心，恪(ke四音)恭罔懈"。意思是要皇帝有所警惕，不忘用心斋戒。斋戒铜人在清代有三种形式：一为唐朝名臣魏征像，一为明初乐官冷谦像，一为明代太监刚炳像。相传这三人在历史上都以刚直敢谏而著称。此是明洪武十一年定下的制度，清代也沿用了下来。按规定，这里所设的铜人为冷谦像。

现在我们眼前的便是祈年殿和祈谷坛，这里是明清两代皇帝孟春祈谷的圣地。祈年殿采用上屋下坛的构造形式，三重檐逐层向上收束，作伞状，竖立于高5.6米，占地5900平方米的三层白石雕栏环抱的圆坛之上，祈年殿俗称无梁殿，整座建筑不用大梁长檩及铁钉，完全依靠二十八根擎天柱及众多的枋、木兑、桷、闩支撑和榫接起来。该殿建于明永乐十八年(1420)，初名大祀殿，呈长方形。明嘉靖九年(1530)，改成三重檐圆殿，并自上而下依次覆盖青、黄、绿的三色瓦，改名大享殿。清乾隆十七年(175年)改为今名，同时一律改为覆盖深蓝色琉璃瓦，以象征蓝天。光绪十五年(1889)，该殿毁于雷火，次年又按原样重建。陈列于殿前的青铜大鼎炉，均是几百年前的文物。殿内柱子的数目，据说是按天象设立的。里层的四根鎏金通天柱，叫"龙井柱"，柱高18.5米，底部直径1.2米，两人也难合抱，象征春夏秋冬四季。中层的12根朱红金柱，象征一年12个月。外层的12根檐柱，象征一天的12个时辰。中层12根金柱和外层12根檐柱相加为24根，象征一年中的24个节气。金柱、檐柱和龙井柱相加为28根，象征周天28星宿。再加大殿宝顶藻井周围的8根童柱，共计36根，象征36天罡。宝顶中心的雷公柱，则象征着天帝的"一统天下"。

下面我们看到的是皇乾殿，原是平时放置皇天上帝牌位和皇帝祖先牌位的地方，又有祈谷坛寝宫之称。后来，祭祀仪式中所使用的旌旗、仪仗、乐器等物亦存放于此。内藏不少祭祀文物，现按原样陈列，并塑有清代皇帝的祭天蜡像，常年供游人观览。

位于祈年殿台基前院落的东西两侧的是东、西配殿，原是分别放置日、月、星、辰和云、雨、风、雷诸神牌位的地方。现分别辟为陈列宫廷祭天古乐、礼仪,以及日、月、星、辰等神牌位之处。

我们现在看到的是“神厨”从前是为祭祀宰杀牲畜和制作祭品的地方。下面看到的是神库，是收藏祭品的库房。现在经过呈"W"字形长廊，它共七十二间，起着连结祈谷坛、神厨、神库及运送祭品的重要作用。该长廊的间数正好与72地煞的数字相同，过去传说这是地煞鬼聚集的地方，廊内灯笼式竖灯暗淡,阴森可怖。后来将其窗坎拆除，从而长廊景观大变，成为人们游乐的好去处。

天泉井于神库门前有一眼水井，因其水清味甜而得名。祭天祈谷时用的供馔和糕点，全用此水调制。

现在在我们左手边的是七星石位于长廊东南侧的旷地中，共有七大一小石块。但为何称作"七星石"呢? 据传说，明永乐帝迁都北京时，想修建一座祭天地的坛庙建筑，但难找到合适的地方。这时，有一晚他梦见天上北斗七星落地于此，谓之天遂人意，为其解了不决之难，从而降旨于此地建造祭坛。据资料记载，七星石为明代嘉靖九年，经人工雕凿后而置于此处的。嘉靖皇帝十分迷信道教，道士对他说，祈年殿东南方太为空旷，这对他的皇位、寿命不利。于是便设七星石在此，以镇压风水。在七星石东北隅还有一块小石头，据说这是清朝统治者为了纪念他们的祖先功德而增置的。其设于七星石的东北方向，用以表示不忘本源之意。

这里是天坛的东门，关于天坛就给大家介绍到这里，谢谢大家。

大家好，我姓成，你们可以叫我成导，这次由我带领大家参观颐和园!

首先，由我来为大家简单地讲述一下。颐和园，位于北京的西北郊，原是清代的皇家园林和行宫。其前身清漪园始建于1750年，1764年建成，1860年被英法联军焚毁。1866年，慈禧挪用海军经费和其他款项重建，并于1888年改名颐和园。192019年，颐和园又遭八国联军严重破坏，192019年再次修复。好了，颐和园到了，大家请随我去游览一番吧。看，我们已经来到了长廊，绿漆的柱子，红漆的栏杆，一眼望不到头。这条长廊有七百多米长，分成273间。横槛上画着人物、花草、风景，几千幅画没有哪两幅是相同的。走完长廊，我们再来到万寿山脚下，大家请看，那儿就是佛香阁，下面的是排云殿。

现在大家自由活动，2小时候后在这里集合!

颐和园，位于山水清幽、景色秀丽的北京西北郊，原名清漪园，始建于公元 1750 年，时值中国最后一个封建盛世 ------" 康乾盛世 " 时期;1860 年的第二次鸦片战争中，清漪园被英法联军烧毁; 1886年，清政府挪用海军军费等款项重修，并于两年后改名颐和园，作为慈禧太后晚年的颐养之地。从此，颐和园成为晚清最高统治者在紫禁城之外最重要的政治和外交活动中心，是中国近代历史的重要见证与诸多重大历史事件的发生地。1898 年，光绪帝曾在颐和园仁寿殿接见维新思想家康有为，询问变法事宜;变法失败后，光绪被长期幽禁在园中的玉澜堂; 1900年，八国联军侵入北京，颐和园再遭洗劫， 1902年清政府又予重修;清朝末年，颐和园成为中国最高统治者的主要居住地，慈禧和光绪在这里坐朝听政、颁发谕旨、接见外宾……。

1924 年，颐和园辟为对外开放公园。颐和园是中国近代历史的重要见证!

颐和园集传统造园艺术之大成，借景周围的山水环境，饱含中国皇家园林的恢弘富丽气势，又充满自然之趣，高度体现了 " 虽由人作，宛自天开 "的造园准则。万寿山、昆明湖构成其基本框架，占地 2.97 平方公里，水面约占四分之三，园中有点景建筑物百余座、大小院落 20 余处， 3000 余间古建筑，面积70000 多平方米，古树名木 1600 余株。其中佛香阁、长廊、石舫、苏州街、十七孔桥、谐趣园、大戏台等都已成为家喻户晓的代表性建筑。

园中主要景点大致分为三个区域：以庄重威严的仁寿殿为代表的政治活动区，是清朝末期慈禧与光绪从事内政、外交政治活动的主要场所。以乐寿堂、玉澜堂、宜芸馆等庭院为代表的生活区，是慈禧、光绪及后妃居住的地方。以长廊沿线、后山、西区组成的广大区域，是供帝后们澄怀散志、休闲娱乐的苑园游览区。万寿山南麓的中轴线上，金碧辉煌的佛香阁、排云殿建筑群起自湖岸边的云辉玉宇牌楼，经排云门、二宫门、排云殿、德辉殿、佛香阁，终至山颠的智慧海，重廊复殿，层叠上升，贯穿青琐，气势磅礴。巍峨高耸的佛香阁八面三层，踞山面湖，统领全园。蜿蜒曲折的西堤犹如一条翠绿的飘带，萦带南北，横绝天汉，堤上六桥，婀娜多姿，形态互异。烟波浩淼的昆明湖中，宏大的十七孔桥如长虹偃月倒映水面，涵虚堂、藻鉴堂、治镜阁三座岛屿鼎足而立，寓意着神话传说中的" 海上仙山 "。阅看耕织图画柔桑拂面，豳风如画，乾隆皇帝曾在此阅看耕织活画，极具水乡村野情趣。与前湖一水相通的苏州街，酒幌临风，店肆熙攘，仿佛置身于二百多年前的皇家买卖街，谐趣园则曲水复廊，足谐其趣。在昆明湖湖畔岸边，还有著名的石舫，惟妙惟肖的铜牛，赏春观景的知春亭等点景建筑。

多年以来，颐和园管理处以 " 文化建园 " 为宗旨，用 " 一种精神五种意识六个一流 "的企业文化统领职工，深入挖掘文化内涵，大力推进颐和园的保护、管理和研究工作，以借景环境、山形水系、文物古建、植被景观为颐和园的核心保护内容，建立了完整的颐和园保护管理体系。特别是改革开放以来，颐和园加快了建设和保护的步伐，先后投入巨资恢复了四大部洲、苏州街、景明楼、澹宁堂、耕织图等景区，积极参与周边环境改造，延续颐和园的历史人文环境，恢复了文化遗产的完整性和原真性，建设了国内园林系统内最先进的文昌院博物馆。

1961 年 3 月 4 日，颐和园被公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位。 1998 年 12 月 2日，颐和园以其丰厚的历史文化积淀，优美的自然环境景观，卓越的保护管理工作被联合国教科文组织列入《世界遗产名录》，誉为世界几大文明之一的有力象征。近年来，颐和园先后获得了首批全国文明风景旅游区示范点、全国精神文明建设先进单位、首批国家AAAA 级景区等诸多荣誉称号， 20__ 年顺利通过国际标准化的 ISO9000 和 14000质量环境管理体系认证，使颐和园的管理、保护、研究迈上了规范、科学、法制的管理轨道。

Chinese food is divided into four big cuisines sichuan, guangdong, shandong, jiangsu, and dozens of branch of major cuisine, there are thousands of different flavors, each branch work different famous manufacturer, food culture is means all the world, impressive.

Beijing capital, brought together the national cuisine, is to eat what you crave. Not only that, in recent years in Beijings western cuisine also in Kyoto, French food, Russian western food, Italian food, American fast food, has become Beijing on-off taste delicious. Since long, however, came to Beijing, you have to taste the first genuine Beijing cuisine. Kyoto today, it is the delicacy of the foreign administrative, even all over the country, people can enjoy almost any kind of cuisines of China all over the world the best flavor, so, for the guests to Beijing today, seize the opportunity, and are indeed very lucky.

Beijing roast duck is regarded as "world a delicious", also is the representative work of Beijing flavor. One of the best places to eat roast duck, when Beijing front door, the peace arch, wangfujing quanjude roast duck restaurant. The shop was founded 130 years ago, if from the ancestor of roast duck restaurant Yang Ren operating ducks, that is going to push for 30 years.

Palace cuisine is one of the pillars of the Beijing cuisine, reflect the historical characteristics of Beijing 800 for all, a real blue blood. Today, imperial dishes into folk already, although strictly keeping his aristocratic demeanor. Because of Beijing winter cold, hot pot is from Beijings pet on the table. Flavor snack is a feature in Beijing, as a result of destinations ethnic characteristics snacks, breed is very rich.

The street there are many snack bar, night market and the free market also have snacks stalls, in the Spring Festival, temple fair, flowers at the meeting - always the most attractive places. At present, can eat snacks in Beijing have a cake, soy milk, rice cakes, Fried cake, soybean curd, tea soup, roast sweet potato, wonton, baked wheat cake, etc.

各位游客们大家好，首先感谢您选择天圣旅行团的北京香山一日游，我是你们的导游，我姓穆，希望大家今天会十分开心哦。好啦，说了这么多，时间也在慢慢地过去，一眨眼间已经到达了香山公园。

接下来，请大家跟我走，让我们一起开始这次“香山一日游之旅”。现在我们来到了香山公园东门，有两条道路供游客们行走，左边的一条是上山的道路，右边则是看景区的道路，由于这次的旅游不包括登山，那么我们就走右边的道路咯。首先直走，就是香山饭店，我相信大家都知道香山饭店吧，那么我就不多说了。香山饭店的前面就是松林餐厅，一会我们要在这里共进午餐。继续往前走是闻名天下的双清别墅，大家跟我往里走，注意!这里毛泽东爷爷的床是一头高一头低的，有趣吧!

香山的景点多得是，现在就是大家自由活动的时间了，我跟大家说几点注意事项：1、请不要随地扔垃圾，吐痰。2、乘坐缆车时请注意安全3、请不要到危险的地方去，谢谢。祝大家玩得愉快

在座的各位好!我是贝儿旅行社的导游员，我叫selina，大家可以叫我小s，在这八天中，我将陪伴大家共同走过北京各个旅游景点。也希望未成年人听了我的讲解，能增加更多知识。

Prince Gongs residence is located in the northwest of Beijing, nearQianhai in the East and Houhai in the north. In the early stage, a canal fromthe northeast corner of Jishuitan (West Sea) water area in Deshengmen bypassedthe west wall of Prince Gongs residence, turned outside the south wall(commonly known as Yueya River), and flowed into Shichahai (Qianhai) throughthree bridges. Facing water in the West and south, and near water in the Eastand North, it can be said that it is surrounded by water and has a beautifulenvironment. By the early 1950s, the canal had been filled up to form Liuyinstreet and qianhaixi street.

Prince Gongs residence was first built in 1776, with a history of morethan 230 years. In the fourth year of Jiaqing, he was convicted and his housewas confiscated. After that, the house was divided into two parts: the East andthe West. Emperor Jiaqing of the West gave the house to his younger brotherPrince Yonggui, and the East left it to the ten princesses. In the first year ofChengfeng (1851), Emperor Xianfeng gave the whole palace to Prince Gong Yi? Tolive in. So far, it was named Prince Gongs palace, which is still in use today.Please remember the two main masters of the garden: big corrupt official andPrince Gong Yi?.

Prince Gongs residence is 330 meters long from north to South and 180meters wide from east to west. There are dozens of palaces in Beijing, whichwere either destroyed or used for other purposes. Only Prince Gongs mansion,which has been preserved in its original style, is open to the outside world. Asan ancient garden of Manchu royal family, it is composed of two parts: Mansionand garden, covering an area of more than 60000 square meters, including 32000square meters of mansion and 28000 square meters of garden.

The buildings in the mansion are divided into three roads: the East Road,the middle road and the west road. From the south to the north, they arecomposed of many three-way quadrangles with strict central axis. The layout isclear. The east road goes to park Shanghua, the middle road is solemn andsolemn, and the west road is simple and elegant. The three roads areself-contained and harmonious. In these houses, there are not only the buildingsreflecting the royal style and majesty, but also the exquisite architecture anddecoration style from the folk, which constitute the biggest feature of theroyal culture. The garden integrates Jiangnan garden and Northern architecture,and integrates western architecture and Chinese classical garden architecture.Prince Gongs mansion is not only one of the important representatives of theQing Dynastys mansion architecture, but also an important performance of themost mature period of Chinese traditional architecture and gardening skills. Mr.Hou Renzhi, a famous scholar, called it "a palace of Prince Gong, half of thehistory of Qing Dynasty".

Prince Gongs house was listed as a key national protection unit in 1982,and the garden of Prince Gongs house was opened to the public in 1988. In theprocess of my explanation, in order to better protect this precious heritage andensure the safety of your visit to the park, please cooperate. First, do notsmoke. Second, do not climb rocks. Third, take good care of your belongings.Fourth, take good care of the environment and do not litter in the park

1、 The first master of the mansion, he (born in 1750 A.D. in the 15th yearof Qianlong and died in 1799 A.D. in the 4th year of Jiaqing), was originallynamed Shanbao, with the word zhizhai and the surname niuhulu. He belonged to theZhenghong banner of Manchuria (once carried into zhenghuang banner, but hisfamily members were classified as Zhenghong banner after being convicted).)Among the eight banners, they are not aristocrats (eight banners are dividedinto yellow flag, yellow flag, white flag, white flag, red flag, red flag, blueflag and blue flag). The yellow flag, the yellow flag and the white flag led bythe emperor were the upper three banners, the nobles and the lower five banners.)How could he be the greatest favorite of Emperor Qianlong if he was not borninto a noble family and had no degree of Jinshi

There are five main reasons why he is favored

First, smart. He? Has an amazing memory, makes a clear reading and makes asmart decision. Even Jiaqing affirmed that he was "smart and agile". When he wasa child, he studied in Xianan palace, the best school in the capital at thattime (Xianan palace is in the Imperial Palace, which is equivalent to thecurrent national key school. It mainly recruits the children of the internalaffairs government and eight banners officials who are both good-looking andgood-looking). He is proficient in Manchu, Chinese, Mongolian and TibetanLanguages, and can be both civil and military. At the age of 19, he inheritedthe position of third-class light truck captain earned by his ancestors. Threeyears later, there was another vacancy for the third class bodyguard, which gavehim a chance to get close to Emperor Qianlong.

Second, the United tobacco royal family. His son, Fengshen Yinde, was giventhe name by Emperor Qianlong, which means longevity in Manchu. Moreover,Qianlong married his 65 year old daughter Gu Lun and Princess Xiao to his sonFengshen Yinde. The relationship between Emperor Qianlong and "he" changed fromthe relationship between master and slave, the relationship between monarch andminister to the relationship between daughter and family, and Qianlong becamethe real umbrella of "he".

Thirdly, according to unofficial history, I remember that when Hongli wasyoung (later Emperor Qianlong), I once played in the palace and saw nianguifeicombing her hair. Nianguifei was the younger sister of general Nian genyao ofthe Qing Dynasty and one of the top ten beauties of the Qing Dynasty. Her namewas nianqiuyue. Hongli was moved by her beauty and secretly went over to coverher eyes from behind. Qing, Nians concubine was startled and didnt know whowas behind. She picked up the hairpin and rowed back, which just cut Honglisforehead. Later, the empress learned about it, because it spread that it was notgood for Honglis reputation (she was the Royal concubine of Yongzheng, Honglishould call her erniang. )Next year, the imperial concubine hanged herself.Hongli cried bitterly at that time, because one of his frivolous actions killedNian Guifei. I secretly vowed that when I became an emperor, I would meet again,not to repair this life and the afterlife. So stained with cinnabar, she printeda red fingerprint behind her ear. Many years later, when Hongli became emperor,he was Emperor Qianlong. When he first saw him, he was still a stick guard.Qianlong was surprised and felt that he looked like the young lady who died manyyears ago. So he stepped down from the throne and asked if there were anysisters in his family. He said that there were only two brothers, he and he?.When the emperor was disappointed, he suddenly saw a red mole behind his ear. Itwas not only similar to nianguifeis face, but also the size and location of themole. So the emperor thinks that he? Is the reincarnation of Nian Guifei. So theemperor kept him close to him and favored him. He also used his intelligence toplease Qianlong. As a result, his position and status rose like a helicopter.Within three years, Emperor Qianlong passed orders to promote him to theposition of official. He almost made all kinds of high-ranking officials in theQing Dynasty. He had been a military aircraft Minister for 23 years, and wasknown as the second emperor.

Many friends come to Prince Gongs residence with admiration. The film andtelevision works also make a lot of hype about ho. However, there is a big gapbetween the real image of Ho and the image of the film and television works. Hois a real beautiful man with a white face, quick action, dignified and humorousspeech.

The second master, Prince Gong Yi? (1833-1898), was the sixth son ofEmperor Daoguang. He was named Prince Gong in the imperial edict of EmperorDaoguang in 1850. He was an important and influential figure in the politicalsituation of the late Qing Dynasty. After the death of emperor Xianfeng in 1861,he and Cixi jointly launched the "Xinyou coup" to eliminate eight ministers,such as SUSHUN, which paved the way for Cixi to reach the peak of power. Afterthat, he was appointed as the king of political affairs, walked on the militaryplane, and participated in military affairs as a prince, which was very rare inthe Qing Dynasty. As a "leader", he, together with Zeng Guofan, Zhang Zhidongand other feudal officials, set off the famous "Westernization Movement" inmodern Chinese history. Under his invitation and planning, the Qing governmentestablished in 1860 the first official "Ministry of foreign affairs" in Chinesehistory, the premiers national affairs yamen, to deal with foreign affairs. In1862, under his own planning, the Qing government established the capitalTongwen school in Beijing. The establishment of Tongwen school was the beginningof the establishment of a new school in China. It entered the school of BeijingNormal University in 1902 and became the earliest part of the establishment ofPeking University. It seems that the prince of the late Qing Dynasty has acertain relationship with Peking University. Yi? Was the sixth son of EmperorDaoguang. At that time, he was famous for his foreign affairs. Therefore, peoplenicknamed him GUI Zi Liu, and he didnt mind. Because Yi? Was very independentand active in politics, he was afraid of Empress Dowager Cixi. Later, he lostpower and lived in seclusion in Jiehe temple. Yi? Became the tenth iron hat kingof the Qing Dynasty in 1872. He is the author of the collection of works ofledaotang. After the Sino Japanese War of 1894-1895, it was used again. It wasthe Prime Minister of the Navy, the Council for military affairs, and the innercourt. He died in 1898 with the posthumous title of "Zhong". )

2、 Scenic spots in the mansion

The main hall of the palace of yinan, commonly known as "yinan hall", isthe place where important ceremonial activities are held. A group of screens andthe throne of the prince are placed in the center of the hall. It corresponds tothe Jinluan Hall of the Forbidden City. Jinluan hall was the place where theemperor summoned and held important ceremonies.

The tall building you see now was newly built in this overhaul as it was inthe Guangxu reign of Tongzhi. The original yinan hall, together with the Eastand west side halls, was destroyed by burning incense on the night of theLantern Festival on January 15, 1921.

The new construction process of yinan Hall:

The yinan hall was built according to the strict Architectural Regulationsof the Qing Dynasty and the highest standard roof of the royal palace.

Tourists, please observe the color of the tiles on the roof of the mainhall, the number of animals on the roof ridge, the number of doornails on themain door, etc. How are they different from the palace museum you can see?

The roof of the imperial palace is covered with golden colored glass, whichis the symbol of imperial power; the roof of the main hall of the Royal Palaceis covered with green colored glass tiles, and the roof of the auxiliary hall iscovered with gray tiles, which indicates the princes status.

In ancient architecture, door nails were only used on board doors.Originally used to guard against the enemys fire attack, so Zhuoyi was coveredwith mud to prevent fire. Doornails are usually made of copper. In the QingDynasty, the use of door nails was regulated. In royal architecture, there arenine nails for each door, nine in each direction, and a total of ninety-nine andeighty-one nails. Nine is the pole of Yang number, symbolizing the higheststatus of the emperor. Because the imperial temple is dedicated to the emperorsof the past dynasties, it also has nine road studs; seven roads in the RoyalPalace take seven roads, but seven roads in the princes palace take nine roads;further down there are five roads take five roads.

Duofuxuan is commonly known as "tengluoyuan". The main hall was called"Yanxi hall" in the period of peace, which was the residence of the son andPrincess of peace. It was called "duofuxuan" in the period of Prince Gong. Itwas the hall and living room of the palace. It was mainly used by the host toreceive visitors, relatives and friends or subordinates who came to report backto the official affairs. It was also used to store gifts sent by the emperor."Duofuxuan" was inscribed by Emperor Xianfeng. It means the palace of a lot ofhappiness. The plaque of "Tongde Yanxi" is hung in the center of the hall, whichis intended to warn the host that only when you and the emperor have the samevirtue can you extend the Xi (XI: good luck and long life). Please observecarefully that the four walls of the hall near the ceiling are all hung with theinscription of "Fu Shou". The inscription of "Fu Shou" is written on the redsquare paper (i.e. "Dou Fang") and is placed in a shuttle shape. The inscriptionof "Fu Shou" is made in pairs.

Since the reign of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, every winter, the emperorhad to write the words "Fu" and "Shou" in person and give them to the king, theDuke, the minister and the empress. The word "Shou" will be added to every majorbirthday celebration. According to convention, the old "Fu Shou" Dou Fang cannot be removed. Instead, the new "Fu Shou" Dou Fang is pasted directly on theold one, meaning "Fu Tian Shou". Now what you see is the original copy.

Please carefully observe the Phoenix and seal painting of Qianlong periodon the roof beam. Although only partial Phoenix Tail pattern remains, it hasspecial value. Its existence confirms that Fudi East Road was once Princessmansion.

Hexi painting is also known as palace architectural painting. This kind ofarchitectural painting is the highest level painting in the Qing Dynasty, mostlypainted on palace buildings or buildings related to the royal family

Ledaotang is the largest building on the East Road and the last one toenter the courtyard. The main room is called "ledaotang". On the interior beams,there are two hundred years of colorful paintings of baojindi and Phoenix in themiddle Qing Dynasty, which indicates that it was the residence of the princessduring the period of peace. In the period of Prince Gong, this is the livingroom of the prince. Now the interior is displayed as it was when Prince Gonglived. The plaque of "ledaotang" was given to Yi? By Emperor Daoguang himself.It expresses a fathers wish for his sons happiness and auspiciousness.

He is not a prince. In the Qing Dynasty, when the feudal hierarchy was verystrict, why did he build such a luxurious private house in spite of large-scaleconstruction? You can see the reason from the following records.

Yin De, the son of he, was born on the 19th of the first month of the 40thyear of Qianlong (1775), half a month younger than Princess He Xiao. He andQianlong formed a family of sons and daughters, and became the most unattainablerelatives of the emperor. He Jianhe house was actually built as Princess House,so he Jianhe house was built according to the double specifications of PrincessHouse and first-class officials of the imperial court

Jiale Hall

Jiale hall is the hall name of Hejin period. It is said that the plaque ofJiale hall was given to Hejin by Qianlong. During the period of Prince Gong, itwas the "Temple", that is, the place where Shamanism activities were held.

Shamanism sacrificial activities: Ancient Mongolians believed in Shamanismfirst. Shamanism worships gods and divides the world into three kinds: heavenabove, earth in the middle and hell below.

The most important way of Shaman sacrifice is to worship ancestors andheaven. It is said that the ancestors of Manchu people fell into a trap in abattle and had to hide in a big tree in a hurry. The birds on the tree did notmove, so they did not expose the ancestors of Manchu people to the enemy and letthem survive. Therefore, Manchu people revered the birds as gods.

Grand Theater

The grand theater building of Prince Gongs mansion, built during the reignof tongzhi (1862-1874), is a place for Prince Gong and his relatives to watchthe opera. This theater is the only existing fully enclosed theater in China. Inthe archives of the Qing Dynasty, theatrical buildings were called "bigtheatrical rooms". The building area is 685 square meters, and its architecturalform adopts a three volume hook and build fully enclosed structure. It is saidthat although the whole theater building is of brick and wood structure, it doesnot use an iron nail. In particular, it is worth mentioning the sound effect ofthe Grand Theater. In order to ensure the fidelity of the sound, several largetanks are placed under the stage. The ingenious and special structure increasesthe resonance reverberation space, so that the audience can clearly hear thesinging of the actors without any sound transmission tools at any position inthe theater. Once, after a famous singer came here to sing, he excitedly praisedthat the timbre effect of the grand theater building was better than that of theconcert hall.

In the peony courtyard, the location of the theater is general, but theinside is resplendent. On both sides of the stage, the two pillars, the fourwalls and the top are all painted with twigs and vines. The scene of greenleaves and purple flowers in full bloom makes people feel like watching theOpera under the vines. It is said that at that time, even Empress Dowager Cixiwas sitting in the courtyard. Prince Gong worried that he would be guilty ofoverstepping the system, so he painted a lot of vines on the roof, which meansthat this is the vines rack, not the lobby. Its very kind of him. There are 20large palace lanterns hanging on the top of the shed, and 20 eight immortalstables with Taishi chairs are placed in an orderly manner. The back walls of thetheater are light brown wooden lattice, with dark blue silk cloth as the bottomlining. On the south side of the hall is a stage about one meter high. Above thestage, there is a black plaque with gold characters, which is written with fourseal characters of "enjoy yourself". In the south, there is an actors dressingroom in the backstage and a stage in the front. In the north, there are placesfor VIPs and their wives to watch and rest. Yis birthday is in the late Octoberof the lunar calendar. When holding a birthday party, a fire is needed, so theGrand Theater is also called "warm building" by the government. In addition toacting, it was also the place where the wedding ceremony was held in PrinceGongs mansion. Every time the important figures in the mansion die, the theaterwill be full of couplets, buildings, cigarettes, long hanging, and monks andnuns in each temple will sprinkle sutras one after another to pass the dead.

In 1936, Pu Ru, the grandson of Prince Gong Yi? Who lived in the garden atthat time, celebrated his mother Mrs. Xiangs birthday and organized a hall playin the theater. At that time, famous actors in the Peking Opera circle gatheredin the Grand Theater and performed on the stage one after another. This is thelast meeting of Prince Gongs mansion. Now?

恭王府位于北京市西城区前海西街，是清代规模最大的一座王府，先后作为大贪官和珅、庆亲王永璘的宅邸，后被赐予恭亲王奕欣，由此得名恭王府，并沿用至今。恭王府历经了清王朝由鼎盛至衰亡的历史进程，故有“一座恭王府，半部清代史”的说法。

“月牙河绕宅如龙蟠，西山远望如虎踞”，这是史书上对恭王府的描述。就其选址而言，它占据京城绝佳的位置。古人修宅建园很注重风水，北京据说有两条龙脉，一是土龙，即故宫的龙脉;二是水龙，指后海和北海一线，而恭王府正好在后海和北海之间的连接线上，即龙脉上，因此风水非常的好。古人以水为财，在恭王府内“处处见水”，最大的湖心亭的水，是从玉泉湖引进来的，而且只内入不外流，因此更符合风水学敛财的说法。我国十大元帅和郭沫若等人、均在恭王府的附近居住，而且都非常长寿。据说，北京长寿老人最多的地方就是在恭王府附近，这个地方真是一块风水宝地。

恭王府由府邸和花园两部分组成，南北长约330米，东西宽180余米， 占地面积约61120平方米，其中府邸占地32260平方米，花园占地28860平方米。府邸不仅宽大，而且建筑也是最高规制。明显的标志是门脸和房屋数量。亲王府有门脸五间，正殿七间，后殿五间，后寝七间，左右有配殿。低于亲王等级的王公府邸决不能多于这些数字。房屋的形式、屋瓦的颜色也是不能逾制的。恭王府的中、东、西三路各有三个院落，其中每一路的后两个院子是人们要游览的主要区域。

府邸建筑分东、中、西三路，每路由南自北都是以严格的中轴线贯穿着的多进四合院落组成。

中路最主要的建筑是银安殿和嘉乐堂，殿堂屋顶采用绿琉璃瓦，显示了中路的威严气派，同时也是亲王身份的体现。东路的前院正房名为多福轩，厅前有一架长了两百多年的藤萝，至今仍长势甚好，在京城极为罕见。东路的后进院落正房名为“乐道堂”，是当年恭亲王奕欣的起居处。西路的四合院落较为小巧精致，主体建筑为葆光室和锡晋斋。精品之作当属高大气派的锡晋斋，大厅内有雕饰精美的楠木隔段，为和珅仿紫禁城宁寿宫式样(此为和珅僭侈逾制，是其被赐死的“二十大罪”之一)。府邸最深处横有一座两层的后罩楼，东西长达156米，后墙共开88扇窗户，内有108间房，俗称“99间半”，取道教“届满即盈”之意。

名为“朗润园或萃锦园”，俗称恭王府花园，徜徉于园中犹如漫步在山水之间。与府邸相呼应，花园也分为东中西三路。中路以一座西洋建筑风格的汉白玉拱形石门为入口，以康熙皇帝御书“福”字碑为中心，前有独乐峰、蝠池，后有绿天小隐、蝠厅，布局令人回味无穷。东路的大戏楼厅内装饰清新秀丽，缠枝藤萝紫花盛开，使人恍如在藤萝架下观戏。戏楼南端的明道斋与曲径通幽、垂青樾、吟香醉月、流杯亭等五景构成园中之园。花园内古木参天，怪石林立，环山衔水，亭台楼榭，廊回路转。月色下的花园景致更是千变万化，别有一番洞天。诸多中外游客慕名而至，寻觅着翠山碧水、曲径幽台在诉说的如烟往事。

恭王府位于前海西街，建于1776—1785年，原为清代乾隆宠臣和珅的私宅，和珅因贪污罪于嘉庆年间被抄家处死后，此处私宅便赠给了庆王。同治朝时，由于恭亲王奕忻协同慈禧发动政变有功，慈禧太后便将此宅赠予他，而成为恭亲王府。

俗呼银銮殿，恭王府最主要的建筑。作为王府的正殿， 只有逢重大事件、重要节日时方打开，起到礼仪的作用。民国初年，由于不慎失火，大殿连同东西配殿一并焚毁，现银安殿院落为复建。

和珅时期之建筑。悬挂有“嘉乐堂”匾额一方。该匾疑是乾隆帝赐给和珅的，但匾额无署款，无钤记，故无由证实，但和珅留有《嘉乐堂诗集》，说明是和珅之室名。在恭亲王时期，嘉乐堂主要作为王府的祭祀场所，内供有祖先、诸神等的牌位，以萨满教仪式为主。恭王府规模宏大，占地约6万平方米，分为府邸和花园两部分，拥有各式建筑群落30多处，布局讲究，气派非凡。其花园又名锦翠园，园内布局、设计具有较高的艺术水平。造园模仿皇宫内的宁寿宫。全园以“山”字型假山拱抱，东、南、西面均堆土累石为山，中路又以房山石堆砌洞壑，手法颇高。山顶平台，成为全园最高点。居高临下，可观全园景色。恭王府由于是在权臣和珅邸宅的基础上改建而成，和珅当年定罪的二十大罪状中就有关于内檐装修的“潜侈逾制”问题，如其中的第十三款“查得和珅房屋竟有楠木厅堂，其多宝格及隔断门窗解仿照宁寿宫制度”。因此恭王府的内 檐装修在王府文化中别具一格，其所表现的特点尤为突出：

一、 规格最高，可与宫殿建筑比美：

恭王府几座主要厅堂的内檐装修不仅是多宝格、隔断，还可举出仙楼、神殿带毗卢帽的祭灶等装修也与宫廷中别无二制。并有室内假山水池，装修成室内小园林，更是别出心裁。

二、 数量较多，形式多样：

从样式雷图中可以看到当年有内檐装修的建筑多达二十余处，而且具有多种类型，如太师壁、宝座床、碧纱橱、祭灶、万字炕、几腿罩、落地罩、炕罩、真假门、仙楼、书阁、多宝格、顺山炕、前、后檐炕等。

三、 界划灵活，空间丰富：

恭王府内各厅堂的空间根据使用功能划分，格局多样，其主要厅堂既有肃穆、庄严的开敞式大空间，又有私密性的小空间，既有对称式的，也有非对称式的，还有可以灵活组合的。有的适合接待高级宾客，有的用于萨满教的祭祀活动，有的适合起居生活，有的作为寝息，不同的空间需求各得其所。

四、 做工精细，技巧高超：

从恭王府的装修遗留物件中可知皆使用硬木，用材异常讲究，加工的木料可以作出细小的截面，雕刻花纹起伏精确，而且使用圆形或曲线拼出各种华格，只有在精细的加工之基础上才能完成，施工难度之大，令人叹为观止。 遗憾的是恭王府的原有内檐装修，绝大部分已经无存，今天通过研究王府文化，要进一步将其发掘出来，结合今后的王府博物馆展示要求，再现当年辉煌。

乾隆四十一年，即1776年，和珅开始在这东依前海， 背靠后海的位置修建他的豪华宅第，时称“和第”。有说法称、明弘治年间、大太监李广也曾经置第于此。嘉庆四年正月初三太上皇弘历归天，次日嘉庆褫夺了和珅军机大臣、九门提督两职，抄了其家，估计全部财富约值白银八亿两，相当于清政府十五年的财政收入，所以有“和珅跌倒，嘉庆吃饱”的说法。同年正月十八，即1799年2月22日，和珅被“赐令自尽”。而宅子本身，则如愿归“爱豪宅不爱江山”的胞弟庆僖亲王永璘所有。

与此同时，嫁予和珅之子的乾隆之女和孝公主，仍居住在半座宅第中。咸丰元年，即1851年，清末重要政治人物恭亲王奕?成为这所宅子的第三代主人，改名恭王府，恭王府之名由此沿用至今。“一座恭王府，半部清朝史”是历史地理学家侯仁之对恭王府的评价。民国初年，这座王府被恭亲王的孙子溥伟以40万块大洋卖给教会，后由辅仁大学用108根金条赎回，并用作女生学堂。新中国成立以后，王府曾被公安部宿舍、风机厂、音乐学院等多家单位使用过。

恭王府是我国保存最为完整的王府建筑群，分为府邸和花园两部分，府在前，园在后。恭王府的开放，早在30年前，就被提上议事日程。1975年，周总理在病床上，以3件未做完的事情托付谷牧，其中之一就是恭王府的开放问题。

恭王府始建于清乾隆年间，初为大学士和珅的私邸。

同治初年，这里的第三代主人恭亲王奕欣，身兼议政王、军机领班大臣等要职，重权在握，显赫一时，乃大筑邸园，同时也对府邸部分进行了修缮与改建。我们看到的恭王府的建筑规模与格局，就是在那个时候最后形成的。

恭王府前半部是富丽堂皇的府邸，后半部为幽深秀丽的古典园林，总占地面积将近六万平方米。其府邸建筑庄重肃穆，尚朴去华，明廊通脊，气宇轩昂，仅次于帝王居住的宫室。府后的萃锦园则衔水环山，古树参天，曲廊亭榭，富丽天然;其间景致之变化无常，开合有致，实为中国园林建筑的典范。

根据现有的文献记载，在这块位于京城前海西岸，被"蟠龙水"环抱着的风水宝地上，元、明两朝曾经有过一座规模宏大的寺院，香火旺盛，游人如织，就连皇帝也来此礼佛上香。大约十六世纪中叶，该寺院才逐渐荒废，沦落为明朝廷的供应厂;清朝入主北京以后，在这里建造大小不等的院落若干，供内务府等普通旗人居住。

乾隆四十年前后，在皇帝面前红得发紫的和珅，相中了这块四周萦水，遥接西山，而且又离“皇上家”不远的风水宝地，遂以高价购买下这里的多处房产，建造成大名鼎鼎的“和第”。

恭王府之被称“半部清朝史”，是和居住在这里的三代主人密切相关的。尽人皆知，第一代府主和珅，是乾隆晚期的宰辅、大学士，又是历史上赫赫有名的贪官，在清史中十分惹人注目，有关他的传说也因此多不胜数。特别是他的儿子丰绅殷德，后来娶了乾隆皇帝的小女儿固伦和孝公主为妻，使这座豪宅一时成为了实际上的公主府……

嘉庆四年，和珅因罪赐死，嘉庆皇帝遂将这座宅第转赐给他的小弟弟庆郡王永璘。永璘大概算得上历代主人里最为钟爱这座豪宅的人。早在和珅当道时，乾隆的诸位皇子便凑在一起商订，将来不管谁当了皇帝，都要“办”掉和珅，惟十七皇子永璘说：“将来不论哪位哥哥当上皇帝，只要把和珅的这座豪宅赏给我，我就知足!”

说到永璘，或者许多人都不太熟悉，但若提起他的孙子，那个与李鸿章一起同八国联军签订《辛丑条约》的庆亲王奕劻，恐怕又是无人不晓了。奕劻也是中国近代史上著名的贪官，但与清末那一群懦庸无能的王公贝勒相比，他总还算是一个敢于负责，能够委以重任的人。因此，从同治朝起，奕劻便得到慈禧太后的宠信。在咸丰将府邸改赐恭亲王之前，他一直以辅国将军的身份在此居住。

至于说恭亲王奕欣，那更是中国近代史上最重要的政治人物之一，他参与了第二次鸦片战争以及其后(1853-1898年之间)的几乎全部重大政治活动，"辛酉政变"时，就是他把慈禧扶上了"垂帘听政"的宝座……毫不夸张地说，如果没有奕欣，整部中国近代史，乃至后来的中国历史就会改写。

如果说世间万物都有灵性，那么这座被"蟠龙水"包围着的明珠一般美丽的建筑，自从它诞生的那一天起，就注定是一个充满着忧伤气质，命运多舛的苦命宅园。

嘉庆四年(1799年)，和珅被处死之后，嘉庆帝即将这座豪宅的西半部，赐给了他那个只要和珅府不要皇帝位的十七弟永璘。之所以只给他一半，是因为当时，乾隆皇帝的十公主及其额驸丰绅殷德还住在那里。

和孝公主，是整部清朝历史中最具传奇色彩的公主，其生母为乾隆皇帝晚年的宠妃汪氏。乾隆四十年正月，当这位性情、外貌全都酷肖其父的"最幼女"来到世界时，皇帝已然是六十五岁高龄的老人。十公主虽身为女子，但天生神力，能开十个劲的硬弓，时常陪着父皇骑马打猎，乾隆因此爱她胜过所有的子女，他不只一次叹息："你要是个阿哥，这个皇位将来非你莫属啊!"的确，十公主非但武功卓绝，而且胸襟非凡，当和珅春风得意时，驸马倚仗其父权势行为娇纵，公主就曾经严肃地训斥他："你阿玛受我父皇厚恩，不思回报，却只知纳贿。我都替你们担忧啊，到了身家不保的那一天，连我也要受到你们牵累!"

十公主的话，虽不幸言中，但嘉庆皇帝最终还是念着兄妹之情，没有剥夺他这个小妹夫的爵位，公主夫妇也仍然住在原来的家里。这座宅第也就因此一分为二，西为庆王府;东为公主府，一直到道光三年(1820xx年)九月，十公主去世，整座府邸才全部归到庆王名下，而那时，永璘已经死去三年多了……

辛亥以后，按照民国政府优待清室条例的规定，王府成了府主人的私产。后因政局动荡，生计艰危，未世王孙们纷纷卖掉府第，以图生存。恭王府当然也同北京的其他王府一样，没能逃脱可悲的蜕变与分割。

1920xx年，小恭王溥伟为筹集复辟经费，将恭王府府邸部分的"龙票"，以八万银元的价格低押给北京天主教会的西什库教堂。十几年后，利上加利，原先八万银元的抵押款，滚到了近二十万，穷途末路的溥伟早已无力偿还这笔巨款债务了。1932年，由罗马教会兴办的辅仁大学，以教会之间的关系，用一百零八根金条代偿了这笔贷款，产权遂归这所大学。1937年，辅仁大学因扩充女生宿舍，收回房产，将府邸部分作为女院，并把后罩楼通向萃锦园的通道砌死，这样，府邸与花园就开始分开了。同年，原先居住在邸园中的溥伟二弟溥儒，又以十万银元的价格将花园也卖给了辅仁大学。

1949年，恭王府花园改为某国家机关宿舍;府邸为艺术师范学院、中国音乐学院及文化部艺术研究院等单位使用。1952年，中国音乐学院拆府前部一进四合院，盖起一座"现代风格"的食堂;1959年，又拆掉了原府邸大门外的所有房屋，建筑起一座曲尺形的琴楼和一座一字形的画楼。"文革"期间，厂桥空调器厂占用了大戏楼等花园东部的"半壁江山";国管局幼儿园则占据西路建筑。由于不合理使用与地震的破坏，到七十年代中晚期，花园的部分游廊和府邸东路南部一进院落的正房及东西厢房先后倒塌，其他建筑也都遭到不同程度的损毁，但所幸王府总体格局未遭破坏。

恭王府——世界最大的四合院，除皇帝和家眷外，任何人是不得住进紫禁城的。因此皇亲国戚们都要建造自己的宅弟，以为家居之所。于是，王府便产生了。今日的北京城里，还有60余座清代王府，其中恭王府是保存最完整的一个。

北京的清代王府都分布在内城区里，这和清代北京城的居住限制密切相关。城墙未拆除以前，北京城的格局是大“口”里面包小“口”，最中心的是故宫，外面的第二层是皇城，为政府衙门，第三层是内城，为清代八旗王公贵族集中居住的地方;最外面的第四层，才是汉人和其他民族的集中居住地。今天在北京内城漫步，还能时时看见深宅大院。

位于什刹海北岸的恭王府分为平行的东、中、西三路。中路的3座建筑是府邸的主体，一是大殿，二是后殿，三是延楼，延楼东西长160米，有40余间房屋。东路和西路各有3个院落，和中路建筑遥相呼应。王府的最后部分是花园，20多个景区各不相同。

大观园是中国古典文学名著《红楼梦》里描绘的一大园林。《红楼梦》成书于北京，有中国封建社会秘史之称。根据书中的描写，人们在北京西南角建起了一座园林。这处取名大观园的新园是今日北京的一大胜景，每天游人不断。

由于恭王府有着《红楼梦》中所描绘的某些景物，因此 有人说恭王府花园是大观园的蓝本。但是，许多人又提出了不同的意见。恭王府到底是不是大观园的蓝本呢?这可能也是一个永远的秘密了。

恭王府的主人，是一等贵族，所以他的府邸不仅宽大，而且建筑也是最高格制。明显的标志是门脸和房屋数量。 亲王府有门脸5间正殿7间，后殿5间，后寝7间，左右有配殿。低于亲王等级的王公府邸决不能多于这些数字。

如果你看到深宅大院的门口耸立着石狮，你马上就可以判定大院的主人是不低于五品的-;如果你再仔细数一数石狮头上的卷毛疙瘩，你就会进一步认定品极;皇帝门口的石狮上有13排疙瘩，亲王12排，爵位越低，数量递减。

房屋的形式、屋瓦的颜色也是不能替越的。恭王府以前的主人是大相和坤，他修建了庆颐堂，模仿了皇帝的宁寿宫。皇帝“加恩赐令自尽”时，这是其中的一条罪状。

大家好，我叫胡大洋，是你们的导游，今天我们参观北京故宫，旧称紫禁城，于明代永乐十八年(1420xx年)建成，是明、清两代的皇宫，无与伦比的古代建筑杰作，世界上现存最大、最完整的木质结构古代建筑群。

为了使我们的故宫保持干净、整洁，我在这里提以下几点要求：第一不要乱扔垃圾，垃圾应放入指定的垃圾桶里;第二不要在墙上乱涂乱画。

请各位配合遵守!

好了，现在我们正走向午门。

午门中有五洞，其平面为凹形，宏伟壮丽;午门后有五座精巧的汉白玉拱桥，通往太和门，太和门有广阔的大庭院，当中有弧形的内金水河，随河宛转，形似玉带。

故宫里最吸引人的地方：太和殿。

太和殿俗称“金銮殿”，是紫禁城内面积最大的一座。

檐角有10只精美的走兽(龙、凤、狮子、天马、海马、斗牛等)，属中国古代建筑之特例，整个大殿装饰得金碧辉煌，庄严绚丽，皇帝即位、生日、婚礼、元旦等都在这里庆祝。

谢谢各位，祝大家玩得开心!