北京历史博物馆解说词汇总20篇

各位游客：

大家好!欢迎你们来到颐和园，我是这次全程旅行陪伴你们的导游，我叫，平常的朋友都喜欢喊我小x，在这些日子里我希望能和你们一起渡过北京游玩的日子，一系列的景观都是由我来给大家解说和解答，各位准备好出发了吗!

颐和园，位于北京西北郊，原是清代的皇家园林和行宫。颐和园主要由万寿山和昆明湖组成，占地290.8公顷，其中水面占地四分之三。清朝乾隆皇帝诗曰“何处燕山最畅怀，无双风月属昆明”来赞美昆明湖。颐和园的构思之巧妙，建筑之精致，集我国园林艺术之大成，有“皇家园林博物馆”之称。

我们现在来到的是颐和园的长廊。这条长廊有七百多米长，分成273间。每一间的横槛上都有五彩的画，分别画着人物、风景和动植物，几千幅画，没有哪两幅是相同的。

请到这边来，这就是万寿山。看，立在半山腰上的八角宝塔形的三层建筑，那就是佛香阁，黄色的琉璃瓦还在闪闪发光呢!下面的一排排金碧辉煌的宫殿，就是排云殿。

大家小心上山。现在我们到了佛香阁了，从这里向下看，那葱郁的树丛，掩映着黄的绿的琉璃瓦屋顶和朱红的城墙。现在大家向正前方看，昆明湖静的多像一面镜子，绿的多像一块碧玉呀!游船、画舫在湖面上慢慢滑过，几乎一点痕迹都不留。大家再向东远眺，是不是隐隐约约可以望见几座城楼和城外的白塔呢?

现在我们就来到昆明湖了。大家看那座横跨湖上的石桥，桥上有十七个桥洞，所以叫十七孔桥;桥栏上的石柱有几百根，大家有兴趣的话可以数数，每根柱子上都雕刻着小狮子，栩栩如生，活灵活现。

游客们，今天我们游玩了美丽的颐和园，明天我们会再继续游览下一个景点，明天见。

大家好!欢迎你 们来到北京旅游，我先自我介绍一下，我叫赵新，大家可以叫我赵导。我相信这次旅游必将成为一次难忘的旅行。我简单介绍一下行程，我们这次要去的是中外闻名的景山公园，大家下车后请跟我走，以免走丢。

这就是大家盼望已久的景山，景山也叫煤上，他由挖护城河的土堆积而成，这是故宫的靠上。大家看这两只石狮子，仔细看这两只石狮子是很明显的不同，相信有些旅客已经看出来了，这两只狮子，一只踩的是绣球，另一只踩的是小狮子。踩绣球的是公的，踩小狮子的是母的。

大家请一起跟我走，看! 这崇祯自缢处，老北京人管这叫歪脖子树，还有一个历史故事呢，景山东边，原有一个棵长歪了的老槐树，这是崇祯皇帝上吊的地方。明朝末年，李自成带领起义军于1644年3月攻入北京，崇祯3月19日逃到景山，自觉有愧于祖先的基业，用腰带上吊在这棵树之上。十年动乱期间，当成“四旧”砍掉，198年在原址又多移植了一棵古槐。

请大家跟我上山，大家看这座亭子。这座亭子在景山的最高峰，大家往下看，这一非金碧辉煌的宫殿就是故宫，大家站在这可以看见故宫的全景，原来这里是全北京的最高峰，给大家20分钟自由时间，自觉观赏。观赏完大家到这里集合可以买一点纪念品。

我们今天的行程已经接近尾声，欢迎大家再来北京玩。

Hello everyone! Welcome to Badaling scenic spot for sightseeing. Im veryglad to accompany you today. I hope you can have a good time in Badaling.

The Great Wall is a magnificent defensive building in ancient China. Itstarts from Shanhaiguan in the East and ends at Jiayuguan in the west, and runsacross the north of China. Winding more than 12000 Li, it is famous for the"Great Wall". It was listed in the world cultural heritage list in 1987. It iscalled "the longest defensive wall in the world" by experts and scholars.

The first time that China built the Great Wall was in the spring and AutumnPeriod in the 7th century BC, and the earliest country to build the Great Wallwas the state of Chu. The great wall of the state of Chu is called "Fangcheng"in historical records, with a length of nearly a thousand li. Qi was also one ofthe earliest states to build the Great Wall. The great wall of Qi started fromPingyin in Shandong Province in the West and entered the sea in the East. It isthe most preserved site of the Great Wall in the spring and Autumn period.

Qin Shihuang was born in 220 BC__ After the unification of China in 1949,the old Great Wall in the north of Qin, Zhao and Yan was first repaired. At thecost of "building a city of thousands of miles and building a people ofthousands of miles", he began to build the Great Wall, which is more than 7000kilometers long, from Lintao in the west to Liaodong in the East. Since then,the Great Wall has stood in the east of the world, experiencing thousands ofyears of wind, frost, rain and snow.

In the early Western Han Dynasty, in order to resist aggression and protectthe newly developed "Silk Road". It has built a great wall of more than 10000kilometers from Lop Nor in Xinjiang in the west to Liaodong in the East. This isalso the longest Great Wall in the history of our country.

After the establishment of Ming Dynasty, it faced the threat of Mongoliaand Jurchen. From the beginning of Zhu Yuanzhang, General Xu Da was sent northto build the Great Wall. Until the end of Ming Dynasty, it was overhauled 18times, lasting more than 260 years. Until Hongzhi 20__ In, it was completed fromthe Yalu River in the east to Jiayuguan in the West. Through Liaoning, Hebei,Beijing, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Gansu and other provinces andautonomous regions. The Great Wall is more than 12700 Li long. And along theGreat Wall is divided into nine defense areas, known as "nine sides and ninetowns". Moreover, in many important pass areas, especially in the north ofBeijing City, multiple walls were built. These are the Badaling Great Wall wesee now.

The scale of the Great Wall built in the Qin, Han and Ming Dynasties is thelargest compared with other dynasties. So the three construction climaxes inhistory are the Qin Dynasty, the Han Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty.

Now, let me introduce the Badaling Great Wall. Badaling Great Wall islocated in Yanqing County, northwest of Beijing. It is the best preservedsection of the Great Wall in Beijing with the best engineering quality and themost rigorous structure. This section of the great wall takes the urn city asthe center, reaching the seventh floor in the South and the twelfth floor in thenorth, with a total length of 4770 meters. It is the only channel leading to theoutside of the Great Wall in Beijing area and the front position of Juyongguan.From here, you can reach Yongning and Sihai in the East, Xuanhua and Datong inthe west, Jingcheng in the south, Yanqing in the north and Badaling in alldirections. Badaling pass was built in 1520__ The city is 7.5 meters high and 4meters thick. There is a plaque on each of the East and West gates, with "JuyongWai Town" in the East and "north gate lock key" in the West. At the entrance ofGuancheng, there is a cannon with a length of 2.85 meters and a caliber of 10.5cm, which is called "Shenwei general". Now lets look at the wall of the GreatWall in Badaling. This section of the city wall is about 5.8 meters narrow atthe top and 6.5 meters wide at the bottom. It consists of four basic structures.1、 City wall, two, city tower, three, pass, four, beacon tower. There is aticket door in the wall and a stone ladder in the middle. The top can hold 5horses in parallel. Beacon tower is also known as beacon, beacon, wolf Yantai.It is independent of the city wall, almost every other mile there is a, composedof the Great Wall defense alarm system.

Whenever enemy troops invade, the beacon towers burn beacon fires to conveymilitary information. Burning smoke during the day is called beacon. At night afire is called a flint. And because wolf dung is often used as fuel, the smokeis high and hard to dissipate, so it is also called "wolf smoke". Moreover, itwas stipulated in the Ming Dynasty. More than 100 of the invading soldiers lit acigarette and fired a gun, about 500 soldiers fired two cigarettes and two guns,more than 1000 soldiers fired three cigarettes and three guns, more than 5000soldiers fired four cigarettes and four guns, if more than 10000 soldiers wereinvolved, five cigarettes and five guns.

From Badaling to the south is the famous Xiongguan, Juyong Pass. JuyongPass is one of the most famous passes of the great wall and an important barrierto the northwest of ancient Beijing. It got its name from Qin Shihuangsconstruction of the Great Wall. That is to say, the prisoners and the people whohave been punished in the palace are caught here to let them build the GreatWall. And lived. Juyongguan was called juyongsai in Han Dynasty and junduguan inSui Dynasty. When it was rebuilt in the Ming Dynasty, it became the strongestsection of the Ming Great Wall. There are both military headquarters andadministrative organizations here. Juyong Pass in ancient times was also lushwith extraordinary scenery. Juyong jucui, one of the eight famous scenic spotsin Yanjing, refers to this place. In addition, there are many places ofinterest, such as Yang LIULANGs Shuanmazhuang, Mu Guiyings dianjiangtai, andbaifengzhong, where dragons and phoenixes play. Not only that, but also JuyongGuanzhong has a white jade platform, called Yuntai, which was built in 1345.Because there were three Tibetan pagodas built on the stage and the couponsunder the stage, it was originally called "crossing the street pagoda". In theearly Ming Dynasty, the pagoda was destroyed, and then the Taian temple wasbuilt. In the early Qing Dynasty, the temple was destroyed again, and now thereare only pillar bases and watchposts. There are also six kinds of seal cuttingscriptures in Sanskrit, Tibetan and basiba on the inner wall, which areimportant objects for studying ancient Chinese characters.

Having said so much, let me tell you a story to relax. The name of thestory is called "Meng Jiangnu crying the Great Wall". Its about Qin Shihuangbuilding the Great Wall. At that time, in order to speed up the project, itbegan to draw civil servants from all over the country. Meng Jiangnus husband,fan Qiliang, was also transferred to build the Great Wall soon after herwedding.

In the twinkling of an eye, three years later, fan Qiliang never heard fromhim. Meng Jiangnu couldnt eat well and sleep well. Suddenly, one night. MengJiangnu had a dream that her husband was hungry and cold, and his clothes didntcover her body. She kept shouting "Im cold, Im hungry!" Meng Jiangnu woke upand decided to go to her husband, and brought him dry food and warm clothes. Allthe way along the Great Wall in search of his husband. She went to Shanhaiguanto find out that many people had died to build the Great Wall. Her husband, fanQiliang, was also tired to death and buried under the Great Wall. This news islike a bolt from the blue, Meng Jiangnu immediately began to cry, crying earthshaking, sections of the great wall collapsed, eight hundred miles long. Now theproject manager was in a hurry to report to Qin Shihuang who was coming here toinspect the progress of the project. The first emperor of Qin sent someone toarrest Meng Jiangnu to find out the reason. After seeing her, Qin Shihuang wasfascinated by her beauty and insisted on calling her "empress Zhenggong".Although Meng Jiangnu was full of anger, she still held down her hatred and hadan idea. She had to ask Qin Shihuang to agree to her three conditions before shecould become the "Empress of the palace". The first is to find the body of hishusband fan Qiliang; the second is to hold a state funeral for his husband; andthe third is to ask the first emperor of Qin to wear mourning and flag for fanQiliang. After listening to the three conditions proposed by Meng Jiangnu, thefirst emperor of Qin thought for a moment. In order to get the beautiful MengJiangnu, he insisted. Meng Jiangnu, wearing filial piety, paid homage to thetomb of fan Zhaliang, who died for the construction of the city. Her longcherished wish was fulfilled. Facing the rolling Bohai Sea, she jumped up andthrew herself into the sea.

At the end of the story, do you think Qin Shihuang is fatuous andoverbearing? Lets ignore him first. Start climbing the great wall and be ahero!!

大家好!欢迎大家到八达岭景区观光旅游。今天有幸陪同大家一起参观，我很高兴，希望各位能在八达岭度过一段美好的时光。

长城是我们古代一项极为雄伟的防御性建筑，它东起山海关，西至嘉峪关，横贯我国北部。婉蜒一万两千多里，故以“万里长城”闻名于世。并于1987年被列入《世界文化遗产名录》。被专家学者们称为“世界上最长的防御性城墙”。

中国最早修建长城是在公元前7世纪的春秋时期，最早修筑长城的国家是楚国。楚国长城在历史文献记载上称作“方城”，长度近千里。齐国也是诸侯国中修筑长城较早的国家，齐长城西起山东平阴，东入大海。是春秋时期长城中遗址保存最多的。

秦始皇于公元前220__年统一中国后，先修缮了秦、赵、燕三国北部的部分旧长城。并开始以“修万里城，筑万里人”的代价修建西起临洮、东到辽东，长达7000多千米的长城。从此万里长城巍然屹立于世界的东方，经历千百年的风霜雨雪。

西汉初期，为了抵御侵略和保护新开发的“丝绸之路”。修筑了西起新疆罗布泊，东到辽东，长达一万多千米的长城。这也是我国历史上最长的一条长城。

明朝建立后，面对蒙古和女真的威胁。从朱元璋开始就派大将徐达北上修筑长城。直到明朝灭亡，先后大修十八次，历时260余年。直到弘治20__年，才完成了东起鸭绿江边，西到嘉峪关。途经辽宁、河北、北京、山西、陕西、内蒙古、宁夏、甘肃等省市自治区。全长12700多里的长城。并把长城沿线划分为九个防御区域，称为“九边九镇”。而且还在许多重要关隘地区，特别是北京城的北面，修筑了多重城墙。这些就是我们现在所看到的八达岭长城了。

秦、汉、明三朝在历史上修筑长城的规模，相比其他朝代来讲是最大的。所以说在历史上的三次修筑高潮就是秦朝、汉朝、明朝。

现在，我就来介绍一下八达岭长城。八达岭长城位于北京西北部的延庆县，是北京地区长城中保存最完好，工程质量最佳，结构最严谨的一段。这段长城以瓮城为中心，南至七楼，北到十二楼，全长4770米。它是北京地区通向塞外的唯一通道，是居庸关的前沿阵地。由此地东可到永宁、四海，西可到宣化、大同，南可抵京城，北可通延庆，四通八达，所以叫做八达岭。八达岭关城建于1520__年，城高7.5米，厚4米。东西两门各有一块牌匾，东为“居庸外镇”，西为“北门锁钥”。关城入口处有一尊长2.85米，口径10.5厘米的大炮名叫“神威大将军”。现在请大家看八达岭这段长城的城墙。这段城墙上窄下宽，上窄约5.8米，下宽约6.5米。分别由四种基本构造构成。一、城墙，二、城台，三、关隘，四、烽火台。墙内有券门，中间有石梯相连。顶部可容5匹马并行。烽火台又称烽堠、烽燧、狼烟台。它独立于城墙之外，几乎每隔一里就有一座，组成了万里长城的防御报警系统。

每当有敌兵进犯的时候，烽火台就燃烽火，传递军情。白天燃烟称烽。夜晚举火称燧。又因为经常用狼粪做燃料，烟飘的高又不易消散，所以也叫做“狼烟”。而且，在明朝规定。来犯敌兵百余人点一烟放一炮，五百人左右两烟两炮，千余人以上三烟三炮，五千人以上四烟四炮，如果事万人以上，五烟五炮。

从八达岭一直向南，就是著名的雄关——居庸关了。居庸关是万里长城最有名的关隘之一，为古代北京西北的重要屏障。以秦始皇修长城“徙居庸徒于此”而得名。也就是说把囚犯、和受过宫刑的人，抓到这里来让他们修长城。并且居住了下来。居庸关在汉朝时叫居庸塞，隋朝叫军都关。到了明朝重新修筑后，成了明长城中最坚固的一段。这里既有军事指挥部、又有行政管理机构。古时的居庸关同样林木葱郁，景致非凡，著名的燕京八景之一“居庸叠翠”指的就是这里了。除此之外还有许多名胜古迹，象杨六郎的栓马桩、穆桂英的点将台、游龙戏凤的白凤冢等七十二处名胜。不但如此，而且居庸关中还有一座始建于1345年的汉白玉高台，人称云台。因台上曾建有3座藏式佛塔，台下为券门，故原称“过街塔”。明初佛塔被毁，后又建泰安寺。清朝前期，寺又被毁，现仅有柱础和望柱。内壁还留有用梵文、藏文、八思巴文等6种文字篆刻的经文，是研究我国古代文字的重要实物。

说了这么多了，下面我给大家讲一个故事来放松一下。故事的名字呢就叫做“孟姜女哭长城”。说的是秦始皇修筑长城的事。当时为了加快工程速度，又开始在全国各地抽调民夫。孟姜女的丈夫范杞梁在新婚不久，也被抽调去充当修长城的民夫了。

转眼三年过去了，范杞梁杳无音信，急得孟姜女吃不好睡不香。突然，有一天夜里。孟姜女做梦，梦到他的丈夫饥寒交迫，衣不遮体，还不停的喊“我冷啊，我饿呀!”孟姜女惊醒后决定去找丈夫，并给他带上了干粮和御寒的衣服。一路沿着长城寻找他的丈夫。她四处打听，走到山海关才知道，为修长城死了很多人，丈夫范杞梁也被累死了，并埋在长城下，尸骨都找不到。这一消息如同晴天霹雳，孟姜女顿时就伤心地痛哭起来，哭得惊天动地，长城一段段的倒塌，足有八百里长。这下可急坏了工程总管，急忙去报告正来此巡查工程进展的秦始皇。秦始皇赶忙派人把孟姜女抓来寻问根由。当见到之后，秦始皇却被她的美貌迷住了，非要封她为"正宫娘娘"。孟姜女虽然怒火满腔，但还是压住心头仇恨，灵机一动，将计就计地非要秦始皇答应她三个条件，之后才能当"正宫娘娘"。一要找到丈夫范杞梁的尸体;二要为其丈夫举行国葬;三要秦始皇为范杞梁披麻戴孝、打幡送葬。秦始皇听罢孟姜女提的三个条件，思索片刻，为了得到貌美如花的孟姜女，便硬着头皮答应下来，孟姜女戴着孝拜了为筑城而死的范札梁坟墓后，宿愿已偿，面对滚滚的渤海，纵身一跃，投海自尽了。

故事讲完了，大家觉得秦始皇是不是昏庸霸道?咱们先不管他怎么样。开始登长城做好汉吧!!

走过由汉白玉雕琢的永安桥、穿过堆云牌楼，您就来到了琼华岛。琼华岛上树木苍郁，殿宇栉(zhì)比，亭台楼阁，错落有致，白塔耸立山巅，成为公园的标志。走进永安寺的山门，拾阶而上您可以登上白塔。关于永安寺的壮丽景观我将在您到达时详细介绍。您走下白塔沿岛步行，你可以欣赏到又一些美景。西侧，那里有著名的"阅古楼"内存有三希堂法帖，它是享誉世界上最著名的书法作品集成。西北面被一组沿湖长廊所环抱，北面山坡上，可见到相传为秦汉时期的文物"铜仙承露盘";东侧山脚下是琼岛春阴碑，它是老北京著名的燕京八景之一。"半月城"亦称般若香台,在东坡依山而建;下面是"般若香台牌楼",过"陟山桥"折而向北就来到东岸景区。

沿湖建有北京目前历史最悠久的船坞;环湖的垂柳掩映着东岸的著名景点--濠濮间、画舫斋。濠濮间是一处马蹄形小山围成的水潭，在这座人工建造的皇家园林中现出它独特的野趣。由濠濮间向北就是画舫斋，著名的古树--唐槐就在其中，画舫斋以其宁静、幽雅的园林意境名扬中外。出画舫斋西门就可看到清代"先蚕坛"的大门。从先蚕坛北过桥向西而行就到达北岸景区。

北岸景区从东到西布满景点：东侧有静心斋--人称"乾隆小花园"、大西天景点有西天禅林喇嘛庙建筑群，"华藏界"牌楼、"天王殿"、金丝楠木建成的"大慈真如宝殿"、九龙壁等建筑;九龙壁西南是"快雪堂""铁影壁"，再往西您就看到了北海五龙亭、阐(chǎn)福寺、小西天等众多著名景点。

从小西天极乐世界殿出来向南，可以从北海公园西门出园，也可乘游艇回到琼华岛由南门出园。

大家好!欢迎来北京旅游!我是您们的导游，大家可以叫我李导。今天，我们来到了什刹海，这里除了可以观赏美景外，主要是让大家见识一下这里的胡同。

胡同，其实就是我们南方说的巷子，也就是北京特有的一种古老小巷。据说，北京原有胡同六千多条，现在叫胡同的还有一千多条，其中什刹海的胡同有15条，虽然只是很小的一部分，但来北京看胡同不来这里就可惜了。

为什么呢?因为这里的胡同，曾经住过很多皇家的亲威、达官贵人，就连新中国的一些领导人都住在这里，如邓小平，宋庆龄......

大家逛胡同时，要注意观察胡同里那些大宅院的结构，单单是大宅院的门就非常有意思，我可以介绍一些：

很多大宅院门口两旁有门墩，门墩主要有两种，一种是方形的，一种是圆形的，方形代表主人是读书人出身，是文官;圆形像鼓，代表主人是武将出身，是武官。

那些大宅院的门槛也是有差异的，有的半尺高，有的一尺高。在古代，门槛体现主人的尊严和身份，门槛越高地位就越高。

还有一个很有意思的，就是有些王府上，门边有一条又窄又长的板凳，据说如果主人不愿意见客人，就叫仆人让他们在那边坐一会，板凳太窄不好坐，不管等多久，主人都不会接见。我们俗语说的“坐冷板凳”就是这样来的。

还有很多，我就不一一说了，你们呆会儿慢慢体会。我们有一个下午的时间，你们可以租辆三轮车逛逛胡同，有时间还可以去宋庆龄故居看看，或者到恭王府细细游赏一番，记住：下午五点半要在这里集合。好了，祝您们玩得愉快!

来自世界各地的游客们：

你们好!

欢迎来到“世界遗产”之北京故宫，我是来自河北的袁导游，下面我就带大家去细细游赏一番吧。

中国明清两代的皇宫，又称紫禁城，地点位于北京城中心。开始建造与明永乐四年至十八年，也就是现在说的1406年至1420年，后来经过多个朝代的劳动人民细心修改，变成富丽堂皇，但仍保持着原来的布局和规模，是世界上保存的最完整、规模最大的古代木构架宫殿建筑群。

我们说完了北京故宫的历史，现在该说说外观和排列顺序了吧!

这座城设四个门，南门正中面是午门、北边是神武门、东为东华门、西为西华门，四门各建有重檐庑殿顶门楼。这座城的四个角都还布有一些结构精巧、外观秀丽的角楼。外面的墙有10米多高呢!还有护城河宽52米，够宽的吧!长3800米，整个建筑群按南北中间的中轴线为对称布局，层次分明，主次有序。

听完了一以上那些，你应该对北京故宫有些了解了吧!可能你还不知道吧，连皇帝的住所都是那么井井有条!

文化殿，武英殿是面阔九间的但檐歇山顶建筑。文化殿是皇帝听大臣讲书的地方，武英殿是皇帝吃饭、居住和召见大臣的地方。后三宫、东西六宫和乾清宫和坤宁宫通直御花园。坤宁宫和乾清宫是内廷的正殿、正寝，是皇帝、太后和皇后的正式居住场所，平均面积宽九间，为重檐庑殿顶。

前三殿是全宫最大的建筑群，占地面积有达8.5万平方米，是宫城的12%，后三宫则为前三殿的25%，期于宫殿依次递减，主要突出前三殿、后三宫的主要地位。1961年定位中国第一批全国重点文物保护单位，已被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。

亲爱的旅客朋友们，你们好!我是这次旅程的导游，我姓张，你们可以叫我张导，今天我们要去的地方是北京故宫。

现在我们在的位置是在故宫的门口，故宫位于北京市中心，也称‘紫禁城’。这里曾居住过二十四个皇帝，是明清两代的皇宫，现为‘故宫博物院’。

现在请大家顺着我的右手往这边走，这里是故宫的宫殿建筑。你们知道吗?故宫的宫殿建筑是中国现存最大的.最完整的古建筑群，总面积达九万多平方米，有殿宇宫室9999间半，被称为‘殿宇之海’。这建筑群气魄宏伟，富丽堂皇，极为壮观，无论是平面布局还是立体效果，都是无与伦比的。现在大家可以在这里休息一下，拍下照片，过个30分钟再走。

好了，大家跟着我继续向前走。故宫由一条中轴贯通南北，这条中轴又在北京城的中轴线上。三大殿.后三宫.御花园都位于这条中轴线上，现在我们所在的位置是故宫的角楼，角楼建造精巧美观。角楼周围环绕着高10米，长3400米的宫墙，墙外有52米宽的护城河。大家仔细地看看。

朋友们，因为时间仓促，这次对故宫的介绍就到此结束。下次有机会再带大家详细的参观。谢谢合作!

各位游客大家好，我们现在来到的是位于广安门外丰台区，距离市中心约20公里的卢沟桥，建于1892年(金代)，桥长266.5米，桥栏杆上有501只石狮子(也有人说502只)，桥下11孔。距今已有八百多年的历史。卢沟桥因跨越卢沟河(今永定河)而得名。卢沟桥位列中国三大古代名桥之首，是国家重点文物保护单位。另外两座是河北的赵州桥和泉州的洛阳桥。

我们现在看到的卢沟桥是由11拱的大石桥，全长266.5米，桥面宽度为9.3米，桥身用巨大的白石砌成。桥墩砌筑为船型，在这之前也是"斩龙剑"的分水尖，当时是用于抵御急流。卢沟桥的建筑装饰亦别具特色。桥栏为高达近一米半的的281根望柱与栏板连接而成，每根望柱顶端都刻有一个大狮，它的身上攀附有形象各异、或藏或露的小狮子，于是民间便有"卢沟桥的石狮数不清"的歇后语。根据考古工作队的勘察，已知共有大小石狮485只。

卢沟晓月--也是燕京八景之一，始于金代的燕京八景之说，卢沟晓月便是其中一景。你们所看的那边是桥的东端有碑亭，石碑为清代乾隆皇帝所书，正面为"卢沟晓月"，背面为卢沟桥诗。

我们都知道“七七事变”，1937年7月7日，当时盘踞于永定河西岸的日本侵略军以一名士兵失踪为借口，强行要过卢沟桥到宛平城搜查，遭到了二十九路军的拒绝。于是日本侵略军就大举武装进攻桥东，中国守军二十九军官兵，在日军蛮横无理的挑衅和攻击下，忍无可忍，奋起抗击，打响了中华民族全面抗击日本侵略者的第一枪。逐渐演变后来震惊中外的"七七事变"。现在的卢沟桥位于北京西南15公里处，是目前咱北京现存最古老的石造联拱桥。

刚前面介绍过了卢沟桥始建于1189年，在1444年重修。由于该桥毁于洪水而于康熙三十七年(1698年)重建。卢沟桥全长266.5米，宽7.5米，下分11个涵孔。桥身左右两侧石雕护栏各有望柱140根，柱头上均雕卧伏的大小石狮约500个左右，神态各异，栩栩如生。桥东的碑亭内立有清乾隆题“卢沟晓月”汉白玉碑，为燕京八景之一。意大利旅行家马可·波罗曾在游记中记述此桥并赞叹不已。

咱现在走的这段桥身卢沟桥的望柱以及宛平城城墙上，当年日军的弹痕仿佛还能斑斑可见。现在属于国家保护文物所以卢沟古桥只准许行人步行通过。现在，我们所参观的卢沟桥、宛平城、中国人民抗日战争纪念雕塑园以及中国人民抗日战争纪念馆，都早已成为目前全国最大的纪念抗日战争的爱国主义教育基地。

谢谢大家的支持!希望我的讲解能带给你们更多的帮助和了解!

各位来自世界各地的游客们，大家好!欢迎来到故宫，我是来自河南油田的王导游，下面的时间就由我带大家去细细游赏美丽的故宫。

故宫是世界上保存最完好，规模最大的古代木构架宫殿建筑群。看，此时这是故宫朝南的正门，叫做午门。午门的下面有五个拱门，正中间的门只有皇帝才能出入，即使地位很高的大臣，也只能使用两端的小门，地方上的诸侯只能使用两端最小的小门，一般的百姓连靠近故宫都不行，但是此刻谁都能够进啦!

瞧!这个建筑叫太和门。是故宫里最大的木制大门。在这儿放着一对狮子，它强悍、威武、高大，代表着皇帝的威严。

正前面的大殿叫太和殿，是故宫内最大的建筑物，并且是过去北京城最高的建筑物，你们觉得它高吗是的，它此刻一点也不高，因为北京发展很快，高的建筑物比比皆是。

好了，我的讲解告一段落，大家自由游览，30分钟后在这儿集合

大觉寺又称西山大觉寺，大觉禅寺，位于北京市海淀区阳台山麓，始建于辽代咸雍四年(1068年)，称清水院，金代时大觉寺为金章宗西山八大水院之一，后改名灵泉寺，明重建后改为大觉寺。大觉寺以清泉、古树、玉兰、环境优雅而闻名。寺内共有古树160株，有1000年的银杏、300年的玉兰，古娑罗树，松柏等。大觉寺的玉兰花与法源寺的丁香花、崇效寺的牡丹花一起被称为北京三大花卉寺庙。大觉寺八绝：古寺兰香、千年银杏、老藤寄柏、鼠李寄柏、灵泉泉水、辽代古碑、松柏抱塔、碧韵清池。

寺庙坐西朝东，殿宇依山而建，自东向西由天王殿，大雄宝殿，无量寿佛殿，大悲坛等四进院落组成。此外还有四宜堂，憩云轩，领要亭，龙王堂等建筑，寺内供奉的佛像，造型优美，形象生动，《阳台山清水院创造藏经记》碑，为建寺之年始立，是寺中珍贵文物。

大觉寺环境优雅，群山环抱，寺前平畴沃野，景界开阔,寺后层峦叠嶂，林莽苍郁，一股清泉从寺后石隙注入，绕石渠淙淙而下，泉水清澈，四时不竭，院内有乾隆年间从四川移来的玉兰树，花繁瓣大，色洁香浓，树龄300年上下，堪为京城玉兰之最。还有一株高大而古老的银杏树，俗名“白果王”，需六人方能合围，浓荫可蔽半个院落，据说已傲立千年之久。

大家好，我叫胡大洋，是你们的导游，今天我们参观北京故宫，旧称紫禁城，于明代永乐十八年(1420xx年)建成，是明、清两代的皇宫，无与伦比的古代建筑杰作，世界上现存最大、最完整的木质结构古代建筑群。

为了使我们的故宫保持干净、整洁，我在这里提以下几点要求：第一不要乱扔垃圾，垃圾应放入指定的垃圾桶里;第二不要在墙上乱涂乱画。

请各位配合遵守!

好了，现在我们正走向午门。

午门中有五洞，其平面为凹形，宏伟壮丽;午门后有五座精巧的汉白玉拱桥，通往太和门，太和门有广阔的大庭院，当中有弧形的内金水河，随河宛转，形似玉带。

故宫里最吸引人的地方：太和殿。

太和殿俗称“金銮殿”，是紫禁城内面积最大的一座。

檐角有10只精美的走兽(龙、凤、狮子、天马、海马、斗牛等)，属中国古代建筑之特例，整个大殿装饰得金碧辉煌，庄严绚丽，皇帝即位、生日、婚礼、元旦等都在这里庆祝。

谢谢各位，祝大家玩得开心!

游客朋友们：? 您们好，欢迎您到北海公园参观游览。

北海公园全区可分为琼华岛、团城、北海东岸与北岸四个部分琼华岛是全园的中心，岛上建筑、造景繁复多变，堪称北海胜景东部以佛教建筑为主，永安寺、正觉殿、白塔，自下而上，高低错落，其中尤以高耸入云的白塔最为醒目;西部以悦心殿、庆霄楼等系列建筑为主，另有阅古楼、漪澜堂、双虹榭和许多假山隧洞、回廊、曲径等建筑。?

北海东、北两岸有建筑群多处，各具特色，有画舫斋、濠濮涧、静心斋、天王殿、小西天、五龙亭、九龙壁等园中园和佛寺建筑北海南为屹立于水滨的团城，以永安桥与琼华岛相连;团城上的建筑按中轴线对称布置，主殿承光殿位于中央，规模宏大，造型精巧。

北海公园的面积为68公顷，其中水面约占39公顷总观北海全园的建筑布局，以白塔为中心，以琼华岛为主体的四面景观。山顶耸立的白塔建于清顺治八年(1651年)，内藏有喇嘛经卷和衣钵等四周殿阁相连，形成众星捧月之势湖东岸、北岸有几处庭院、寺庙建筑湖边的五龙亭似飘若动，构成了北海的又一独特景致。位于北岸的九龙壁更是气势磅礴，为中国仅有的三个九龙壁之一园中的“仿膳饭庄”以经营清宫风味菜肴著称。对于北海公园的介绍就到这里，接下来请大家自由参观。

参观完东西偏殿，下面我们要参观的是大雄宝殿。大雄宝殿坐落于两米高台之上，巍峨壮观，是整个寺院最为高大的建筑。悬于重檐之间的是由原全国佛教协会会长赵朴初先生所提写的“大雄宝殿”四个大字，金光闪耀，下方为五代高僧恒超书写的匾额“佛光普照”。一对青石瑞兽麒麟护卫于台阶两侧，姿态威猛，充满气势，为寺院增添了峥嵘之势。好，请各位领导跟随我一起走上台阶，大雄宝殿前面的台阶是十三级，与寺院中十三级宝塔海丰塔遥相辉映，相辅相成。在台阶的中央嵌有二龙戏珠的浮雕，图案凸起，活灵活现，体现了大殿的神圣与庄严。现在我们一起进入大雄宝殿，各位领导请注意门槛。大雄宝殿供奉的是三方佛和十八罗汉，三方佛又称为三宝佛，是指按主管范围划分的三个世界的佛。正中供奉的是佛祖释迦牟尼，主管中央娑婆世界，左侧为药师佛，主管东方净琉璃世界，右侧为阿弥陀佛，主管西方极乐世界，佛祖释迦牟尼和阿弥陀佛都是我们所熟知的，在这呢，我说一下药师佛，药师佛又称药师如来、十二愿王，《药师经》中记载他曾发十二誓愿，愿除天下众生疾苦，治无名痼疾，令天下众生身心安乐。所以，在我国历史上，社会各阶层都非常敬仰药师如来。这三尊佛像高约7米，因而，人们只能仰视，成瞻仰之势，无形中增添了几分崇敬。在大殿的两侧供奉的是十八罗汉，据佛经记载，十八罗汉原本只有十六罗汉，都是佛祖释迦牟尼的弟子。十六罗汉主要流行于唐朝，唐末，开始出现十八罗汉，宋代开始盛行，清乾隆皇帝定十七罗汉为降龙罗汉，十八罗汉为伏虎罗汉，皇帝钦定，十八罗汉就以御封为准了。十八罗汉取代十六罗汉之后，影响也是越来越大了。

他们分别是：降龙坐鹿，举钵过江，伏虎静坐，长眉布袋，看门探手，沉思骑象，欢喜笑狮，开心托塔，芭蕉挖耳。

我们已经参观的29尊佛像都是铜铸成的，所以我们大觉寺也可以称作“铜佛寺”。

在三方佛背后的墙壁上悬挂有二十孝图，其中葬父的孝子董永和卧冰求鲤的孝子王祥就是我们滨州人，之所以在这里悬挂二十孝图就是让我们始终铭记“百善孝为先”。

好，我们继续参观，现在各位领导看到的这三排建筑，是大觉寺所遗留下来的三座古建筑，是明清时代的建筑，距今已经有500多年的历史了。光绪三十一年，也就是1905年，海丰县令杨增辉将其改建为清代学堂，是当时海丰县有史以来规模最大、级别最高的学府，也是目前我省清代学堂中唯一保存最好的一处。直到1956年，才将其改建供人武部和广电局使用。在之后的一次修整中，工人将顶棚和内墙拆去后，古建筑露出了它的本来面目，也就是我们现在所看到的。现在这三排建筑分别恢复成了藏经殿、功德殿和禅房。藏经殿内藏有许多经书和佛教著作，对它们我们寺院采取了保护措施。

各位游客朋友，你们知道吗?北海是一座浪漫的城市。它精致、整洁、漂亮的市容市貌，富于中国古典柔情的景色风格，奠定了其他城市无法比拟的浪漫情怀。

浪漫是与生俱来的，往往是可望不可及的一种潜质、一种风格、一种状态。城市也一样。城市的浪漫，在于它的动和静，清晨和黄昏，街头和共巷尾，旭日中的娇嫩和明月下的诗意。北海，正是以其平静而宽容的点点滴滴，在南中国海边不经意构筑了一片浪漫。北海的浪漫，主要由百年老街、南澫和银滩三部分组成。三个部分和谐共处，浑然天成，连接着北海的自然、历史和现实。让人置身其中，“不知魏晋”而流连忘返。现在正是夕阳西下时分，我们刚穿过了现代气味十足的市中心北部湾广场，沿着四川北路一直往大海的方向，走着走着，就会和那条百年老街谋面了。大家前面的这条老街叫珠海路，迷蒙的阳光掠过残旧的楼顶，破碎地洒落在街道上。街道是多年前改造过的沥青路，沥青里的石子在残旧中探头探脑，用不足为道的力量让珠海路蜿蜒、绵长。街道全由二三层的受西方券拱式建筑影响并融入中国古代建筑精髓的楼房夹拥而成，宽八九米，长三四里。街道两旁是方典型的骑楼，骑楼与两排楼房一路相簇相拥，像亲人一般温厚。此时，孤独一人或情侣成伴，走进珠海路，踩着那些年代久远的旧路，缓缓而行。如果有细细的雨，那最好了。俩人撑着一把雨伞或是共举一张雨披，牵手、相拥。也可走在骑楼下，骑楼里干干爽爽的，人从一个个门口走过，骑楼外雨线如丝缕，景恬而驻欢，就这样在老街中走着，什么也不用说，让耳朵倾听隔着楼顶吹来的海风的诉说。让那骑楼、窗、门、浮雕、屋顶饰物引领，一步步离开现代的尘嚣。一种渐渐走向往日岁月，置身百年之前的感觉油然而生，百年前的烦俗，近在咫尺却过远在天涯，它们一下子都扑面而来!

看，前面就是南澫了，南澫，也许是天底下最小海湾了。它在北海西南郊、离市区不太远的海边。海湾由草木茂盛的冠头岭国家森林公园环抱而成，宽100余米，长数里。柔软的细沙与裸露的火山岩石杂陈南滩头。沙是不含任何杂质的雪白的沙，石是光滑结实的黑色的石。走过一片沙，抬抬脚便登上岩石了。一快连一快的岩石，一直把你引向大海。当你回头望一望来时的“路”，“路”仍完好地站在海水中，黑黑的，屹立着，让兴奋的心松弛、平和。而远处的细沙，白布一般，轻轻起伏，好大一匹!这里太安静了，安静得仿佛是梦里的景致。远处的船舨一只只慢慢滑过，头顶偶尔传来三两声海鸟的鸣叫，太阳像一个道具，那么近，那么真切、纯粹。此时不妨找快平整的岩石躺下来，闭上眼睛。天空是蔚蓝是灰暗，天上有云或无云，都无关紧要，让耳朵享受一下，让远远近近、轻轻重重的涛声，左耳进，右耳出，让它们覆盖和安抚我们一天比一天烦躁的心灵!

如果说老街和南澫以其古典让人心动，那么北海银滩就是现代和古典诗意的完美糅合了。北海银滩，是在北海无法绕过的风景。可以肯定地说，没到过银滩，不算到过北海。银滩的魅力天下闻名，指的是它的“质地”。而银滩更迷人的地方，我想应该是它浸透每棵树，每株草，每粒沙砾，每个角落的浪漫。

银滩最迷人的时候是在清晨和傍晚。海风轻拂，彩霞满天，踩在细细的沙子上，慢慢地走，你感觉不到脚下的是沙，而是棉絮一样东西。或者沿着海堤木板路，走在生机勃勃、柔软而细密的草地上，让思绪信马由缰，让目光追随海鸥的飞翔飘向更远，让“哗哗”的涛声轻抚动荡的心灵。如果禁不起大海的诱惑，就脱了鞋子，让久违阳光的脚在沙滩、海水中自由飞舞，让年轻的步伐在无优中追逐，让纯洁的阳光洒满彼此的肩头，相依相伴，携手而行。祝大家旅途愉快。

亲爱的旅客朋友们，你们好!我是这次旅程的导游，我姓张，你们可以叫我张导，今天我们要去的地方是北京故宫。

现在我们在的位置是在故宫的门口，故宫位于北京市中心，也称紫禁城。这里曾居住过二十四个皇帝，是明清两代的皇宫，现为故宫博物院。

现在请大家顺着我的右手往这边走，这里是故宫的宫殿建筑。你们知道吗?故宫的宫殿建筑是中国现存最大的.最完整的古建筑群，总面积达九万多平方米，有殿宇宫室9999间半，被称为殿宇之海。这建筑群气魄宏伟，富丽堂皇，极为壮观，无论是平面布局还是立体效果，都是无与伦比的。现在大家可以在这里休息一下，拍下照片，过个30分钟再走。

好了，大家跟着我继续向前走。故宫由一条中轴贯通南北，这条中轴又在北京城的中轴线上。三大殿.后三宫.御花园都位于这条中轴线上，现在我们所在的位置是故宫的角楼，角楼建造精巧美观。角楼周围环绕着高10米，长3400米的宫墙，墙外有52米宽的护城河。大家仔细地看看。

朋友们，因为时间仓促，这次对故宫的介绍就到此结束。下次有机会再带大家详细的参观。谢谢合作!

Prince Gongs residence is located in the northwest of Beijing, nearQianhai in the East and Houhai in the north. In the early stage, a canal fromthe northeast corner of Jishuitan (West Sea) water area in Deshengmen bypassedthe west wall of Prince Gongs residence, turned outside the south wall(commonly known as Yueya River), and flowed into Shichahai (Qianhai) throughthree bridges. Facing water in the West and south, and near water in the Eastand North, it can be said that it is surrounded by water and has a beautifulenvironment. By the early 1950s, the canal had been filled up to form Liuyinstreet and qianhaixi street.

Prince Gongs residence was first built in 1776, with a history of morethan 230 years. In the fourth year of Jiaqing, he was convicted and his housewas confiscated. After that, the house was divided into two parts: the East andthe West. Emperor Jiaqing of the West gave the house to his younger brotherPrince Yonggui, and the East left it to the ten princesses. In the first year ofChengfeng (1851), Emperor Xianfeng gave the whole palace to Prince Gong Yi? Tolive in. So far, it was named Prince Gongs palace, which is still in use today.Please remember the two main masters of the garden: big corrupt official andPrince Gong Yi?.

Prince Gongs residence is 330 meters long from north to South and 180meters wide from east to west. There are dozens of palaces in Beijing, whichwere either destroyed or used for other purposes. Only Prince Gongs mansion,which has been preserved in its original style, is open to the outside world. Asan ancient garden of Manchu royal family, it is composed of two parts: Mansionand garden, covering an area of more than 60000 square meters, including 32000square meters of mansion and 28000 square meters of garden.

The buildings in the mansion are divided into three roads: the East Road,the middle road and the west road. From the south to the north, they arecomposed of many three-way quadrangles with strict central axis. The layout isclear. The east road goes to park Shanghua, the middle road is solemn andsolemn, and the west road is simple and elegant. The three roads areself-contained and harmonious. In these houses, there are not only the buildingsreflecting the royal style and majesty, but also the exquisite architecture anddecoration style from the folk, which constitute the biggest feature of theroyal culture. The garden integrates Jiangnan garden and Northern architecture,and integrates western architecture and Chinese classical garden architecture.Prince Gongs mansion is not only one of the important representatives of theQing Dynastys mansion architecture, but also an important performance of themost mature period of Chinese traditional architecture and gardening skills. Mr.Hou Renzhi, a famous scholar, called it "a palace of Prince Gong, half of thehistory of Qing Dynasty".

Prince Gongs house was listed as a key national protection unit in 1982,and the garden of Prince Gongs house was opened to the public in 1988. In theprocess of my explanation, in order to better protect this precious heritage andensure the safety of your visit to the park, please cooperate. First, do notsmoke. Second, do not climb rocks. Third, take good care of your belongings.Fourth, take good care of the environment and do not litter in the park

1、 The first master of the mansion, he (born in 1750 A.D. in the 15th yearof Qianlong and died in 1799 A.D. in the 4th year of Jiaqing), was originallynamed Shanbao, with the word zhizhai and the surname niuhulu. He belonged to theZhenghong banner of Manchuria (once carried into zhenghuang banner, but hisfamily members were classified as Zhenghong banner after being convicted).)Among the eight banners, they are not aristocrats (eight banners are dividedinto yellow flag, yellow flag, white flag, white flag, red flag, red flag, blueflag and blue flag). The yellow flag, the yellow flag and the white flag led bythe emperor were the upper three banners, the nobles and the lower five banners.)How could he be the greatest favorite of Emperor Qianlong if he was not borninto a noble family and had no degree of Jinshi

There are five main reasons why he is favored

First, smart. He? Has an amazing memory, makes a clear reading and makes asmart decision. Even Jiaqing affirmed that he was "smart and agile". When he wasa child, he studied in Xianan palace, the best school in the capital at thattime (Xianan palace is in the Imperial Palace, which is equivalent to thecurrent national key school. It mainly recruits the children of the internalaffairs government and eight banners officials who are both good-looking andgood-looking). He is proficient in Manchu, Chinese, Mongolian and TibetanLanguages, and can be both civil and military. At the age of 19, he inheritedthe position of third-class light truck captain earned by his ancestors. Threeyears later, there was another vacancy for the third class bodyguard, which gavehim a chance to get close to Emperor Qianlong.

Second, the United tobacco royal family. His son, Fengshen Yinde, was giventhe name by Emperor Qianlong, which means longevity in Manchu. Moreover,Qianlong married his 65 year old daughter Gu Lun and Princess Xiao to his sonFengshen Yinde. The relationship between Emperor Qianlong and "he" changed fromthe relationship between master and slave, the relationship between monarch andminister to the relationship between daughter and family, and Qianlong becamethe real umbrella of "he".

Thirdly, according to unofficial history, I remember that when Hongli wasyoung (later Emperor Qianlong), I once played in the palace and saw nianguifeicombing her hair. Nianguifei was the younger sister of general Nian genyao ofthe Qing Dynasty and one of the top ten beauties of the Qing Dynasty. Her namewas nianqiuyue. Hongli was moved by her beauty and secretly went over to coverher eyes from behind. Qing, Nians concubine was startled and didnt know whowas behind. She picked up the hairpin and rowed back, which just cut Honglisforehead. Later, the empress learned about it, because it spread that it was notgood for Honglis reputation (she was the Royal concubine of Yongzheng, Honglishould call her erniang. )Next year, the imperial concubine hanged herself.Hongli cried bitterly at that time, because one of his frivolous actions killedNian Guifei. I secretly vowed that when I became an emperor, I would meet again,not to repair this life and the afterlife. So stained with cinnabar, she printeda red fingerprint behind her ear. Many years later, when Hongli became emperor,he was Emperor Qianlong. When he first saw him, he was still a stick guard.Qianlong was surprised and felt that he looked like the young lady who died manyyears ago. So he stepped down from the throne and asked if there were anysisters in his family. He said that there were only two brothers, he and he?.When the emperor was disappointed, he suddenly saw a red mole behind his ear. Itwas not only similar to nianguifeis face, but also the size and location of themole. So the emperor thinks that he? Is the reincarnation of Nian Guifei. So theemperor kept him close to him and favored him. He also used his intelligence toplease Qianlong. As a result, his position and status rose like a helicopter.Within three years, Emperor Qianlong passed orders to promote him to theposition of official. He almost made all kinds of high-ranking officials in theQing Dynasty. He had been a military aircraft Minister for 23 years, and wasknown as the second emperor.

Many friends come to Prince Gongs residence with admiration. The film andtelevision works also make a lot of hype about ho. However, there is a big gapbetween the real image of Ho and the image of the film and television works. Hois a real beautiful man with a white face, quick action, dignified and humorousspeech.

The second master, Prince Gong Yi? (1833-1898), was the sixth son ofEmperor Daoguang. He was named Prince Gong in the imperial edict of EmperorDaoguang in 1850. He was an important and influential figure in the politicalsituation of the late Qing Dynasty. After the death of emperor Xianfeng in 1861,he and Cixi jointly launched the "Xinyou coup" to eliminate eight ministers,such as SUSHUN, which paved the way for Cixi to reach the peak of power. Afterthat, he was appointed as the king of political affairs, walked on the militaryplane, and participated in military affairs as a prince, which was very rare inthe Qing Dynasty. As a "leader", he, together with Zeng Guofan, Zhang Zhidongand other feudal officials, set off the famous "Westernization Movement" inmodern Chinese history. Under his invitation and planning, the Qing governmentestablished in 1860 the first official "Ministry of foreign affairs" in Chinesehistory, the premiers national affairs yamen, to deal with foreign affairs. In1862, under his own planning, the Qing government established the capitalTongwen school in Beijing. The establishment of Tongwen school was the beginningof the establishment of a new school in China. It entered the school of BeijingNormal University in 1902 and became the earliest part of the establishment ofPeking University. It seems that the prince of the late Qing Dynasty has acertain relationship with Peking University. Yi? Was the sixth son of EmperorDaoguang. At that time, he was famous for his foreign affairs. Therefore, peoplenicknamed him GUI Zi Liu, and he didnt mind. Because Yi? Was very independentand active in politics, he was afraid of Empress Dowager Cixi. Later, he lostpower and lived in seclusion in Jiehe temple. Yi? Became the tenth iron hat kingof the Qing Dynasty in 1872. He is the author of the collection of works ofledaotang. After the Sino Japanese War of 1894-1895, it was used again. It wasthe Prime Minister of the Navy, the Council for military affairs, and the innercourt. He died in 1898 with the posthumous title of "Zhong". )

2、 Scenic spots in the mansion

The main hall of the palace of yinan, commonly known as "yinan hall", isthe place where important ceremonial activities are held. A group of screens andthe throne of the prince are placed in the center of the hall. It corresponds tothe Jinluan Hall of the Forbidden City. Jinluan hall was the place where theemperor summoned and held important ceremonies.

The tall building you see now was newly built in this overhaul as it was inthe Guangxu reign of Tongzhi. The original yinan hall, together with the Eastand west side halls, was destroyed by burning incense on the night of theLantern Festival on January 15, 1921.

The new construction process of yinan Hall:

The yinan hall was built according to the strict Architectural Regulationsof the Qing Dynasty and the highest standard roof of the royal palace.

Tourists, please observe the color of the tiles on the roof of the mainhall, the number of animals on the roof ridge, the number of doornails on themain door, etc. How are they different from the palace museum you can see?

The roof of the imperial palace is covered with golden colored glass, whichis the symbol of imperial power; the roof of the main hall of the Royal Palaceis covered with green colored glass tiles, and the roof of the auxiliary hall iscovered with gray tiles, which indicates the princes status.

In ancient architecture, door nails were only used on board doors.Originally used to guard against the enemys fire attack, so Zhuoyi was coveredwith mud to prevent fire. Doornails are usually made of copper. In the QingDynasty, the use of door nails was regulated. In royal architecture, there arenine nails for each door, nine in each direction, and a total of ninety-nine andeighty-one nails. Nine is the pole of Yang number, symbolizing the higheststatus of the emperor. Because the imperial temple is dedicated to the emperorsof the past dynasties, it also has nine road studs; seven roads in the RoyalPalace take seven roads, but seven roads in the princes palace take nine roads;further down there are five roads take five roads.

Duofuxuan is commonly known as "tengluoyuan". The main hall was called"Yanxi hall" in the period of peace, which was the residence of the son andPrincess of peace. It was called "duofuxuan" in the period of Prince Gong. Itwas the hall and living room of the palace. It was mainly used by the host toreceive visitors, relatives and friends or subordinates who came to report backto the official affairs. It was also used to store gifts sent by the emperor."Duofuxuan" was inscribed by Emperor Xianfeng. It means the palace of a lot ofhappiness. The plaque of "Tongde Yanxi" is hung in the center of the hall, whichis intended to warn the host that only when you and the emperor have the samevirtue can you extend the Xi (XI: good luck and long life). Please observecarefully that the four walls of the hall near the ceiling are all hung with theinscription of "Fu Shou". The inscription of "Fu Shou" is written on the redsquare paper (i.e. "Dou Fang") and is placed in a shuttle shape. The inscriptionof "Fu Shou" is made in pairs.

Since the reign of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, every winter, the emperorhad to write the words "Fu" and "Shou" in person and give them to the king, theDuke, the minister and the empress. The word "Shou" will be added to every majorbirthday celebration. According to convention, the old "Fu Shou" Dou Fang cannot be removed. Instead, the new "Fu Shou" Dou Fang is pasted directly on theold one, meaning "Fu Tian Shou". Now what you see is the original copy.

Please carefully observe the Phoenix and seal painting of Qianlong periodon the roof beam. Although only partial Phoenix Tail pattern remains, it hasspecial value. Its existence confirms that Fudi East Road was once Princessmansion.

Hexi painting is also known as palace architectural painting. This kind ofarchitectural painting is the highest level painting in the Qing Dynasty, mostlypainted on palace buildings or buildings related to the royal family

Ledaotang is the largest building on the East Road and the last one toenter the courtyard. The main room is called "ledaotang". On the interior beams,there are two hundred years of colorful paintings of baojindi and Phoenix in themiddle Qing Dynasty, which indicates that it was the residence of the princessduring the period of peace. In the period of Prince Gong, this is the livingroom of the prince. Now the interior is displayed as it was when Prince Gonglived. The plaque of "ledaotang" was given to Yi? By Emperor Daoguang himself.It expresses a fathers wish for his sons happiness and auspiciousness.

He is not a prince. In the Qing Dynasty, when the feudal hierarchy was verystrict, why did he build such a luxurious private house in spite of large-scaleconstruction? You can see the reason from the following records.

Yin De, the son of he, was born on the 19th of the first month of the 40thyear of Qianlong (1775), half a month younger than Princess He Xiao. He andQianlong formed a family of sons and daughters, and became the most unattainablerelatives of the emperor. He Jianhe house was actually built as Princess House,so he Jianhe house was built according to the double specifications of PrincessHouse and first-class officials of the imperial court

Jiale Hall

Jiale hall is the hall name of Hejin period. It is said that the plaque ofJiale hall was given to Hejin by Qianlong. During the period of Prince Gong, itwas the "Temple", that is, the place where Shamanism activities were held.

Shamanism sacrificial activities: Ancient Mongolians believed in Shamanismfirst. Shamanism worships gods and divides the world into three kinds: heavenabove, earth in the middle and hell below.

The most important way of Shaman sacrifice is to worship ancestors andheaven. It is said that the ancestors of Manchu people fell into a trap in abattle and had to hide in a big tree in a hurry. The birds on the tree did notmove, so they did not expose the ancestors of Manchu people to the enemy and letthem survive. Therefore, Manchu people revered the birds as gods.

Grand Theater

The grand theater building of Prince Gongs mansion, built during the reignof tongzhi (1862-1874), is a place for Prince Gong and his relatives to watchthe opera. This theater is the only existing fully enclosed theater in China. Inthe archives of the Qing Dynasty, theatrical buildings were called "bigtheatrical rooms". The building area is 685 square meters, and its architecturalform adopts a three volume hook and build fully enclosed structure. It is saidthat although the whole theater building is of brick and wood structure, it doesnot use an iron nail. In particular, it is worth mentioning the sound effect ofthe Grand Theater. In order to ensure the fidelity of the sound, several largetanks are placed under the stage. The ingenious and special structure increasesthe resonance reverberation space, so that the audience can clearly hear thesinging of the actors without any sound transmission tools at any position inthe theater. Once, after a famous singer came here to sing, he excitedly praisedthat the timbre effect of the grand theater building was better than that of theconcert hall.

In the peony courtyard, the location of the theater is general, but theinside is resplendent. On both sides of the stage, the two pillars, the fourwalls and the top are all painted with twigs and vines. The scene of greenleaves and purple flowers in full bloom makes people feel like watching theOpera under the vines. It is said that at that time, even Empress Dowager Cixiwas sitting in the courtyard. Prince Gong worried that he would be guilty ofoverstepping the system, so he painted a lot of vines on the roof, which meansthat this is the vines rack, not the lobby. Its very kind of him. There are 20large palace lanterns hanging on the top of the shed, and 20 eight immortalstables with Taishi chairs are placed in an orderly manner. The back walls of thetheater are light brown wooden lattice, with dark blue silk cloth as the bottomlining. On the south side of the hall is a stage about one meter high. Above thestage, there is a black plaque with gold characters, which is written with fourseal characters of "enjoy yourself". In the south, there is an actors dressingroom in the backstage and a stage in the front. In the north, there are placesfor VIPs and their wives to watch and rest. Yis birthday is in the late Octoberof the lunar calendar. When holding a birthday party, a fire is needed, so theGrand Theater is also called "warm building" by the government. In addition toacting, it was also the place where the wedding ceremony was held in PrinceGongs mansion. Every time the important figures in the mansion die, the theaterwill be full of couplets, buildings, cigarettes, long hanging, and monks andnuns in each temple will sprinkle sutras one after another to pass the dead.

In 1936, Pu Ru, the grandson of Prince Gong Yi? Who lived in the garden atthat time, celebrated his mother Mrs. Xiangs birthday and organized a hall playin the theater. At that time, famous actors in the Peking Opera circle gatheredin the Grand Theater and performed on the stage one after another. This is thelast meeting of Prince Gongs mansion. Now?

大家好!我是欢乐旅行社的实习导游，我姓李，大家可以叫我李导。今天，由我来带领大家游览颐和园。颐和园是清代皇家园林和行宫，是我国重点文物保护单位，已经列入《世界遗产名录》。游览时请大家自觉保持它的清洁。颐和园到了，大家请随我下车。

进了大门，绕过大殿，现在的位置就是著名的长廊。你们看，这绿漆的柱子、红漆的栏杆，是一眼望不到头。这条长廊有七八百多米长，分为二百七十三间。每一间的横槛上都有五彩的画，画着人物、风景、花草，几千幅画没有哪两幅画相同。长廊两旁栽的花木，一种花还没有谢，另一种花就已经开了。 微风从左边的昆明湖上吹来，使人神清气爽，大家感觉到了吗?

走完长廊，我们现在来到的是万寿山脚下。大家抬头看一看，一座八角宝塔形的三层建筑耸立在半山腰上，黄色的琉璃瓦闪闪发光，那就是佛香阁。下面的一排排金碧辉煌的宫殿就是排云殿。

现在，我们在万寿山的佛香阁。大家向下望，颐和园的景色大半收在眼底。看，葱郁的树丛，掩映着黄、绿的琉璃瓦屋顶和朱红的宫墙。前面，昆明湖静得像一面镜子，绿得像一块碧玉。游船、画舫也都从湖面慢慢滑过，几乎不留一点儿痕迹。大家向东远眺，隐隐约约可以望见几座古老的城楼和城里的白塔。

我们现在所在的地点是昆明湖。昆明湖围着长长的堤岸，堤上有几座式样不同的石桥。大家走过石桥，就可以去湖中心的那座小岛上去玩。大家看，我现在用手指着的那座桥有十七个桥洞，所以叫十七孔桥。桥栏杆上有着上百根石柱，柱子上雕刻着小狮子，这些狮子姿态不一，没有哪两只是相同的。好，现在大家可以去小岛上玩儿，两小时后在这儿集中，然后我们坐车回去。解散!

( 快上车的时候)大家今天玩得开心吗?通过我的讲解，你们是不是对颐和园有了一定的了解呢?希望下次你们还来找我当你们的导游。再见!

葆光室与锡晋斋之间有垂花门，上悬天香庭院匾额。垂花门南有竹圃，北有西府海棠两棵。锡晋斋是恭王府西路院落最北端的正房。锡普斋原名庆颐堂，俗称楠木房。有东西配房各五间，东房名为乐古斋，西房名为尔尔斋。庆颐堂据说缘起于乾隆所赐“庆颐良辅”匾额。和坤修建庆颐堂时模仿了皇帝的宁寿宫，面阔7间，前有庑廊，后出抱厦5间，平面呈凸字形。正中厅内东西北三面为两层暗楼，楼内的碧纱橱槛窗、栏杆等捕木装修，雕饰精美细致。其外檐柱的鼓形柱础，与承德普宁寺大乘阁的形制相同。嘉庆皇帝“加恩赐令自尽”时，和坤罪状第十三款中的“所盖捕木房屋，僭侈逾制，隔断式样皆仿宁寿宫制度”，即指此而言。恭亲王入住后把这里作为书房和文物收藏处所。而锡晋斋这个名称，一说是恭亲王奕?得到晋朝陆机的《平复帖》后所起;另一说是小恭王溥伟所起。这是王府府邸最精美的建筑。走到西路的最北端了，下面我们要到这王府府邸的后罩楼去看看。

后罩楼位于府邸和花园的衔接处，50多间房屋连成一排，达160多米长。这座朱楼是国内王府类建筑中最长的楼，被形容为“99间半房子”。后罩楼东部为瞻霁楼，西部为宝约楼。西端的5间房俗称“小迷宫”，这里有国内惟一的室内园林景观，两个楼层之间去除楼板，将亭台楼阁和假山溪流等搬进屋里。这几间室内花园将楼上楼下通连在一起，山石叠砌，可上可下，瀑布飞泻，亭台楼阁和小桥流水都非常精致。

此楼前檐出廊，后檐墙上每间上各开一窗，上层为形式各异的什锦窗，窗口砖雕精细，楼梯原为木假山形。楼中间偏西一间的下层有过道门，通向府后的花园。那么现在就让我们去王府后花园领略一番吧。

站在府邸与花园间的箭道上，远望王府后罩楼，是不是格外有气势呢?那么接下来，您将要游览的就是被称为“人间仙府”的恭王府花园。

60年代，周总理和红学专家周汝昌先生来到恭王府视察，走到景色迷人的种有一大片丝竹的潇湘院时，周先生提出潇湘院是不是红楼梦原型的说法。总理一看这个院子这么好，当时就产生了修缮开放的想法，目的是让人民了解中国古代的历史和文化。在当时文化部谷牧先生的主持下，恭王府花园部分在上世纪80年代时就正式开放了。

恭王府花园又称“萃锦园”，位于什刹海西侧的柳荫街，是北京城内数十座王府花园中规模最大、保存最好的，也是目前北京惟一一处以花园的名义对公众开放的王府。花园南北长约150米，东西宽170余米，占地约2.8万平方米，有古建筑30余处。此园后来的主人恭亲王奕忻为了重建花园曾调集百名能工巧匠，融江南园林风格与北方建筑格局为一体，汇中西建筑元素于一园，使之成为京师数十座王府之冠，可以称之“人间神仙府，什刹海的明珠”。恭王府花园布局精巧，景色宜人，有学者说它是中国古典文学名著《红楼梦》中大观园的原型。

各位游客大家好，我是旅行社的导游员，我姓*，今天就有我来带领大家共同游览这个清代的皇家园林——颐和园。希望我的讲解能够令各位满意，是我们共同度过这一美好的时光。

请大家随着我走。现在，我手指的这个是著名的长廊。这个长廊可不一般。它全长700多米，分成273间。大家可以看到，每间的横槛上都有许多五彩图画，画得各式各样，有人物、花草、风景，几千幅画没有哪两幅是相同的。难怪被称为“世界第一廊”。

大家往前看，这就是碧波荡漾的昆明湖。这片湖静得像一面镜子。游船经常从这里经过，大家可以听到船上游人们的欢歌笑语。

在昆明湖的上面，就是闻名遐迩的万寿山。站在这里，我们可以看到颐和园的全部风景。站在这里看，整个颐和园真可谓是无比壮观。郁郁葱葱的树丛掩映着黄的绿的琉璃瓦屋顶和朱红的宫墙。

一座八角宝塔形的三层建筑耸立在半山腰上，黄色的琉璃瓦闪闪发光，这就是古香古色的佛香阁。

大家快随我看看这美丽的石桥吧!这座石桥有17个桥洞，叫十七孔桥。桥栏杆上有上百根石柱，柱子上都雕刻着姿态不一的活灵活现的小狮子。

这座在历史上为帝王建造的古典园林，现已成为中国最著名的旅游参观热点之一，每年接待游客数百万人。1986年，颐和园被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。

欢迎各位父老乡亲来到首都北京，我家大门常打开欢迎您到来!我叫朱玺霖，简称朱导，小朱!今天带大家参观的是我们北京的内城，俗称四九城之中的东城东四，这四九城是什么意思呢?各位看官您听好喽，待我细细道来：这四九城啊!是指北京皇城的四个城门、内城的九个城门的总代称。皇城四门分别是天安门、地安门、东安门、西安门;而内城的九门分别是正阳门、崇文门、宣武门、朝阳门、阜城门、东直门、西直门、安定门、德胜门。这可都是过去皇亲国戚，贝勒公主的府邸所在地。今儿个咱们独独说说这朝阳门内的事儿!来!大家跟我走着，老几位您这眼睛给咱这胡同里的老四合院儿，耳朵给我留着。 首先大家看到的这条胡同是朝阳门内东四头条，大家熟悉的可能是电影朝内81号，其实这地儿根本不闹鬼，只不过是荒废了太久，看着没人气儿，才杜撰出N多的鬼故事来，现在因为电影火了，见天探险的络绎不绝，连个鬼影子也没有发现。并且政府马上就会改造了。先说咱这头条胡同，您瞧着不起眼儿吧，青砖灰瓦四合院，斑驳的门，风化的看不出模样的门墩，这可都是明朝遗留下来的，您先瞧瞧这一号院：原为社科院宿舍，钱钟书、杨绛、戈宝权、卞之琳、余冠英、罗念生等人曾在此居住。

您再瞧瞧这5号，规规整整的两进院儿，谁的宅邸?有人知道吗?对，茅盾，解放前这里曾是北京协和华语学校的中国研究院，专为外国传教士和学习汉语的外国人开设。1974年11月后茅盾就搬到了东城区后圆恩寺胡同13号了。再往前走，19号这门儿里您猜住过谁?相声界的泰斗，侯宝林大师。现在已经变成故居了并对外开放，大家想缅怀大师的可以进去看看。继续往前走，斜对面那门谁家啊?皇阿玛 ----张国立打小儿穿着开裆裤在这院里长起来的。您瞧见没有那棵老枣树，皇阿玛没少上树偷枣吃。老几位意犹未尽吧，东四从头条到14条，各有各的说儿，各有各的宝，您老几位今个先回去细细咂摸咂摸这头条的事儿，明儿早起咱们继续聊二条。给大家留个包袱儿，二条里可是有个王府，哪个王府?孚王府，这里的故事可多了去了，明儿您请好吧!

清华大学(Tsinghua University)，中国综合性大学，位于北京市海淀区清华园。

清华大学的前身是清华学堂，始建于1920xx年，1920xx年更名为清华学校，1920xx年设立大学部，开始招收四年制大学生，1920xx年更名为“国立清华大学”，并于1920xx年秋开办研究院。1937年抗日战争爆发后，南迁长沙，与北京大学、南开大学联合办学，组建国立长沙临时大学，1938年迁至昆明，改名为国立西南联合大学。1946年，清华大学迁回清华园原址复校，设有文、法、理、工、农等5个学院，26个系。

1952年，全国高校院系调整后，清华大学成为一所多科性的工业大学，重点为国家培养工程技术人才，被誉为“工程师的摇篮”。1978年以来，清华大学进入了一个蓬勃发展的新时期，逐步恢复理科、经济、管理和文科类学科，并成立了研究生院和继续教育学院。1999年，原中央工艺美术学院并入，成为清华大学美术学院。在国家和教育部的大力支持下，经过“211工程”建设和“985计划”的实施，清华大学在学科建设、人才培养、师资队伍建设、科研开发以及整体办学条件方面均跃上了一个新的台阶。目前，清华大学已成为一所设有理、工、文、法、医、经济、管理和艺术等学科的综合性大学。

清华大学现有教职工7800余人，其中中国科学院院士34名、中国工程院院士26名，正高级专业技术职务1100余人。全国重点学科49个;本科专业58个，硕士学位授权点159个，博士学位授权点123个，博士后科研流动站27个。在校全日制学生27000余名，其中本科生13000余名，硕士生8600余名，博士生4600余名。有来自46个国家和地区的在校留学生及进修生1300余名，远程教育学员7500余名。学校现有国家重点实验室11个，国家专业实验室2个，教育部重点实验室14个、体育总局社会科学研究基地1个、科技部重点实验室1个、教育部网上合作研究中心6个、教育部人文社科重点研究基地3个，教育部网上研究中心6个。学校藏书400余万册。学校占地面积400余公顷，建筑面积230余万平方米。出版物有《清华大学学报》(分自然科学版、英文版、哲学社会科学版)、《世界建筑》、《装饰》、《清华大学教育研究》等。

清华大学治学严谨，有着较高的学术水平和教学质量。清华大学传承“培养具有为国家社会服务之健全品格的人才”的教育理念，建校至今，共培养了11万余名学生，其中包括一大批中华民族引以为自豪的治学大师、兴业英才和治国栋梁。他们中有竺可桢、高士其、姜立夫、段学复、张子高、杨石先、叶企荪、周培源、钱三强、王淦昌、邓稼先、梁思成、杨廷宝、钱伟长、吴仲华、洪深、曹禺、金岳霖、王力、陈岱孙、钱钟书、费孝通、吴晗、周光召、林宗棠等。此外，马寅初、陈寅恪、熊庆来、华罗庚、茅以升、吴有训、钱学森、张光斗等是清华的进修生和资助生，美籍学者杨振宁、李政道、林家翘是清华校友。在1999年被授予“两弹一星勋章”的23位功勋中，有14位是清华校友。截至20xx年12月底，1537名中国科学院和中国工程院院士中，近25%为清华大学校友。

水清木华九十余载，清华大学蕴育着独特的精神魅力。清华大学的初期发展，虽然渗透着西方文化的影响，但学校植根于中华民族优秀文化的沃土，形成了自己优良的传统和精神。以国学研究院四大导师王国维、梁启超、陈寅恪、赵元任为代表的清华学者，主张中西兼容、文理渗透、古今贯通，对清华的发展产生了深远的影响。“自强不息、厚德载物”的校训，“行胜于言”的校风，从建校初期就成为清华师生治学与为人的追求，并一代代得以传承。从“五四”爱国运动、“一二九”抗日救亡运动到反内战争民主的“一二一”学生运动，从施滉、韦杰三到闻一多、朱自清，生动地展现了清华师生的革命精神。解放后，清华大学坚持党的教育方针，坚持“又红又专”方向，培育“严谨、勤奋、求实、创新”的学风，探索出一条“爱国、成才、奉献”和“为祖国健康地工作五十年”的成才道路。今天，她更以“拼搏、创新”的精神，迎接新世纪的挑战。

清芬挺秀，华夏增辉。今天的清华大学面临着前所未有的历史机遇，新时代的清华人继承爱国奉献的优良传统，秉承“自强不息、厚德载物”的校训和“行胜于言”的校风。面临世纪之交中国迅速发展的机遇，清华大学正向着综合性、研究型、开放式的世界一流大学的目标迈进，努力跻身世界一流大学行列，为中华民族的伟大复兴而努力奋斗

1920xx年 建立“清华学堂”后更名为“清华学校”(留美预备学校)

1920xx年 设立大学部，同年开办研究院(国学门)

1920xx年 更名为国立清华大学，有文、法、理、工4个学院，16个系

1937年 南迁长沙与北京大学、南开大学联合组成国立长沙临时大学

1938年 长沙临时大学迁到昆明，更名国立西南联合大学

1946年 迁回北京清华园复校，有文、法、理、工、农5个学院，26个系

1952年 经全国高校院系调整，成为多科性工业大学

1978年 恢复全国高等教育招生考试

1984年 设立国内高校中第一个研究生院

在管理工程系基础上建立经济管理学院

在已有理学科系基础上恢复理学院

1985年 建立国内第一个继续教育学院

1988年 在建筑系基础上建立建筑学院

1993年 在已有人文社会科学学科系、所基础上建立人文社会科学学院

1994年 在已有信息学科系、所基础上建立信息科学技术学院

1996年 在已有机械类学科系、所基础上建立机械工程学院

1999年 恢复建立法学院

原中央工艺美术学院并入，成为清华大学美术学院

20xx年 在已有土木水利类学科系、所基础上建立土木水利学院

在公共管理系的基础上建立公共管理学院

20xx年 建立医学院

20xx年 在传播系基础上建立新闻与传播学院

20xx年 原隶属信息产业部的华信医院(原酒仙桥医院)和玉泉医院正式并入

20xx年4月正式挂牌，分别成为清华大学第一附属医院和第二附属医院

20xx年 在工程力学系、宇航技术研究中心等基础上建立航天航空学院

好了，校园概况这么多，下面我为大家介绍一下周边的景点，我们看前面的这块石头是三峡石。

这块巨石贵韵。

我身后是近春园遗址公园，“近”是远近的近，春，春天的春。公园1860年，英法联军火烧圆明园，近春园也遭到严重破坏。从此伦为荒岛100余年。直到1979年 ，学校才决定彻底改造荒岛，在岛上种植草坪、修建假山、亭子，经过几年的改造，荒岛终于成了现在这处具有历史和文化气息的胜迹。

这栋雕像是春秋末期的思想家、政治家和教育家孔子，他提出了很多著名的治学思想，至尊孔子雕像是清华的一位毕业生专门从孔子的故乡山东曲阜运过来的，它的意思是希望清华的学生们不要忘记传统的儒家思想，希望理工科的学生能多关注人文科学。前面的亭子是“临漪榭”，临，是面临的临，漪是涟漪的漪，榭则是指水边的亭子，是遗址内唯一象征性的旧物恢复。

吴晗先生是清华大学历史系毕业生，在校期间学习刻苦，在学术上很有成就，苏俄已被同学们戏称“太史公”。他从清华毕业后，就一直留校担任助教、教员、教授等职，1949年北平解放后，曾调任北京市副市长。“文革”期间，吴晗因著有新编历史剧《海瑞罢官》而受到迫害，1969年惨死在狱中，后来清华师生为了纪念这位基础校友，学者在荒岛上立了一尊吴晗像，并且修建

了“晗亭”这两字是邓小平亲笔手书的。

“荷塘月色亭”是为纪念朱自清而建，他毕业于北大哲学系，1920xx年应聘清华执教，先后担任过国文系教授、图书馆长、朱自清写过很多散文，如《背影》、《春》、《荷塘月色》等，其中《荷塘月色》就是描述近春园的景观，这篇文章用描写了一幅清有美妙的画面，“曲曲折折的荷塘，密密田添的叶子，星星点点的荷花，淡淡的月光，默默的荷香。。。这一切都反映了他当时苦闷、孤独的心情。1948年他因贫病交加而去世。临终时他还嘱咐家人，不要政府派给的廉价美国面粉，毛泽东称赞他“宁死不买美国救济粮”后来清华师生为了纪念朱自清同志，就在此建了”荷塘月色亭“以资纪念。厅内悬挂的”荷塘夜色“四字是来自朱自清文章手稿中的笔迹。对面山上的零零阁，是20xx年竣工。所以叫零零阁。近春园是清华师生休闲的场所。

现再给大家10分钟照相。

我们现在去参观清华园区，

大家左侧这两栋楼是第一，二教学楼，分别建于52、54年，是苏式建筑风格，里面有大小教室数间。现在人在使用。

礼堂西侧市科学馆，建于1920xx年，初起是理科实验楼。20xx年物理系在此办公，现在这里面有三个国家重点实验室。文革时期也被破坏，去年刚才新装修。

最北边这个雄伟建筑是清华的大礼堂，使清华大学第二批建筑中的四大建筑之一，建成于1920xx年至今为止已经87岁了，他是一座罗马史和希腊式相混合的建筑。圆顶、铜门、门前有四根两人合抱粗的汉白玉大石柱，位于清华大学大中心，占地面积1800平方米，高27.6米有座位1200个是当时国内学堂中最大的礼堂兼讲堂，建礼堂时，美国政府不信任中国的建筑技术和建筑材料，所以由美国设计师莫非设计，一砖一瓦从美国先由水路运到天津塘沽，然后运到北京，花费了很大的人力和物力，美国的哥伦比亚大学还有一栋和他一模一样的建筑，很多反帝爱国运动也是从这里动员出发，现在我们人在此举办各种各样活动。

大礼堂东侧建筑物i是水电水利系，毕业于此。

南侧的同方部也是清华早期建筑之一，还长期用作8月27号祭祀孔子的地方，“同方”两字与字《礼记》，“同方部”是指“志同道合者相聚的地方”。1936年在此为鲁迅先生举行过追悼会，闻一多，朱自清都发表了演说。现在是清华校友办公室。

清华学堂是清华第一栋教学楼，1920xx年竣工，96岁了的德国古堡式的古堡式建筑，门上端“清华学堂”四字是清朝军机大臣那桐所书。20xx年在这里增设了“国学研究院”当时著名的四大导师，梁启超，王国维，。陈寅一、赵元任在此办公。1946年作为建筑系的专用关，梁思成为系主任，现在是清华研究生院办公室。

日晷是1920级的学生毕业时献给母校的礼物，它的上部是中国古典计时器，圆盘中央的不锈钢针，圆盘中央的不锈钢针指着地球的南极北极，圆盘上面刻着十二个时辰，圆盘下面也刻着十二个时辰，春分以后看太阳照射圆盘上面的不锈钢针的阴影计时，秋分以后看圆盘下面钢针的阴影计时。没有太阳是旧物作用，下部的底座上刻着“行胜语言”四字，是920级学生的名言，也是清华的校风。就是鼓励清华的学生们少说多做，发扬实干的精神。

东面的石头上的八字“自强不息，厚德载物”1920xx年，梁启超先生以《君子》在大礼堂给清华的学生进行了一次演讲，其中，他引用了《周易》中‘乾’，‘坤’两字的卦辞，“天行健，君子以自强不息：地势坤，君子以厚德载物‘意思就是说人应该天一样，刚健不已，自强不息，努力进取，也应该想的一样柔和，培养出公而无私，宽厚为怀的高尚品质。只有这样才能担当起建设祖国的重任，演讲过后，学校就以此八字为校训，设计校徽，从而永久留传。

现在介绍到此，现再给大家10分钟照相。