英文导游常用语【实用20篇】

导游实习报告

XX年暑假期间，在校团委的号召下，为焦作的“四创”贡献一份力量，为提高自己各方面的能力，加深自己对社会的了解，我参加了由校团委主办、数学学院团委承办、焦作市神洲旅行社大力支持的暑假兼职导游培训社会实践活动（XX年7月10日--XX年7月25日）。

焦作市神洲旅行社成立于1999年5月，是经省、市旅游局批准、焦作工商局注册的具有独立法人资格的旅游企业。公司总部座落在焦作市政治、经济、文化中心焦作人民大会堂内，现有员工118名，其中专职导游60名，大专以上学历的占95％。历经5年的发展，已形成了一套严谨、科学的管理体系，现拥有“地接中心、组团中心、交通票务中心、导游中心、外联营成功策划、承办了多趟火车专列、大型团队等大型活动年接待人数5万人以上。是焦作规模最大、实力最强、信誉最好的旅行社之一，也是省、市旅游局在焦作旅游业树起的一面旗帜。

自1999年—XX年连续三年被河南省旅游局授予重质量、守信誉“河南省优秀旅行社”、XX年被授予“河南省最佳旅行社”、XX年—XX年连续被焦作市委、市政府授予“焦作市旅游工作先进单位”荣誉称号：、XX年在焦作市旅行社千分制考核中连年高名列榜首；地接中心经理卫军玲、导游中心经理刘友鑫、先后被省文明委、团省委、省旅游局授予“河南省文明导游员”、“河南省优秀青年导游员”。

在这样一个优秀的企业里，我们一行50多个学生得到了系统的导游培训，在为期半个月的培训中，从第一天导游中心经理刘友鑫就逐日开始对我们讲授导游事务、导游法律法规、中国旅游地理、导游事故处理、山区导游模拟、海滨导游模拟等基本的导游技能，培训结束时，焦作市神洲旅行社有限责任公司还组织我们跟随旅行团到青岛、日照等旅游几个城市亲自体验导游的工作。我们还掌握了必要的旅游常识，如：

导游服务质量标准（一）

·导游服务质量标准（二）

·旅行社管理条例1

·旅行社管理条例2

·旅行社办理旅游意外保险暂行规定

·赴港澳旅游注意事项

·乘机出行规矩须知

·儿童乘火车有优待

·发生事故时怎么办

·个人因私护照申请

·旅游住宿须知

·如何在溶洞内摄影

·铁路旅客须知

·文物景点“禁止拍照”

更重要的是我们的交际能力得到很大的提高，处理好各方面的关系，我感到对自己感触最深的是：

一、待人要真诚

踏进办公室，只见几个陌生的脸孔。我微笑着和他们打招呼。从那天起，我养成了一个习惯，每天早上见到他们都要微笑的说声“早晨”或“早上好”，那是我心底真诚的问候。我总觉得，经常有一些细微的东西容易被我们忽略，比如轻轻的一声问候，但它却表达了对同事对朋友的关怀，也让他人感觉到被重视与被关心。仅仅几天的时间，我就和同事们打成一片，我心变成“透明人”的事情根本没有发生。我想，应该是我的真诚，换取了同事的信任。他们把我当朋友，也愿意把工作分配给我。

二、要善于沟通

沟通是一种重要的技巧和能力，时时都要巧妙运用。认识一个人，首先要记住对方的名字。了解一个人，则需要深入的交流。而这些，都要自己主动去做。

三、要有热情和信心

其实，不管在哪个行业，热情和信心都是不可或缺的。热情让我们对工作充满激情，愿意为共同的目标奋斗；耐心又让我们细致的对待工作，力求做好每个细节，精益求精。激情与耐心互补促进，才能碰撞出最美丽的火花，工作才一能做到最好。

五、要主动出击

当你可以选择的时候，把主动权握在自己手中。我想很多人和我一样，刚进实习单位的时候，都做过类似复印打字的“杂活”。或许同事们认为你是小字辈，要从小事做起，但有些时候，是因为他们心中没底，不知道你能做什么。做“ 杂活”是工作的必需，却无法让我学到什么。我决定改变自己的命运。有些东西不能选择，有些东西却可以选择。份内的工作当然要认真完成，但勇敢的“主动请缨”却能为你赢得更多的机会。只要勤问、勤学、勤做，就会有意想不到的收获。

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Hello, teachers!

First of all, on behalf of all the staff of Sitong travel agency, I wouldlike to extend a warm welcome to you and thank you for your support and trust inour travel agency. My name is carving time. Im a tour guide of Sitong travelagency. Please call me Xiao Liu. Sitting in the front driving position is ourteam driver master Zhang. Master Zhang has rich driving experience. I believeyou will feel comfortable and safe on the way. Today, I feel very honored to beour tour guide and know so many teachers and friends. If you have anydifficulties and requirements during your journey, please put forward them intime and I will try my best to serve you. I also hope that you can activelysupport and cooperate with my work. Here, I wish you a pleasant journey, happyto come and satisfied to return.

The scenic spot we are going to visit today is the ancient culture street.The ancient culture street is a street with Tianjin local characteristicscentered on the Tianhou palace. It is located in gongnangong North Street,Nankai District. In 1985, it was reorganized by the municipal government torestore its traditional style and named "Ancient Culture Street". The ancientculture street is different from the general commercial street. It gathers allkinds of handicrafts and cultural goods from all over Tianjin and even the wholecountry. Among them, the willow youth paintings, clay figurine Zhang Caisu andkite Weis kites are most famous at home and abroad. The whole street is full ofstrong Chinese flavor, Tianjin flavor, ancient flavor and cultural flavor. Sowhat about the ancient culture street? Lets make an evaluation after visitingit in person.

Well, we have come to the parking lot of the scenic spot. Please rememberthat our car is a white golden dragon, and the license plate is Jin a2345. At 4pm, the car will be waiting for you in Gongbei street. I hope you wont be late.Please lock the window. Please take your valuables with you. OK, please getoff.

The first thing that catches our eyes is a tall and majestic pailou withgold colored painting and green top Zhuying. The color painting on it is calledxuanzi color painting, with the words "hometown of Jinmen" written on it. Itdefinitely points out that the area near the ancient culture street was asettlement 800 years ago, where the Jin people who ruled the North establishedZhigu village, the most important prison of Tianjin city. Todays Tianjin isformed by the gradual development of this area as the original central area. Ithas always been a prosperous commercial area in Tianjin for six or seven hundredyears, which has played an immeasurable role in the development of Tianjin. Itis well deserved to be called the hometown of Tianjin.

Well, please follow me into this street. Youve noticed that many shops inthis street do not have colorful paintings under the eaves and in the rooms.These are Kaiguang Qing style Su paintings, most of which are character stories.Lets take a look at the color paintings of you Fangjian in Jizhen. On them areeight paintings in the romance of the Three Kingdoms, including "three marriagesin Taoyuan", "three heroes fighting Lu Bu in Hulao pass", "Lu Bu playing DiaoChan in Fengyi Pavilion" and "refusing Cao in Dangyang". From the perspective ofWestern Shu, they mainly depict the heroic stories of Liu Bei, Guan Yu and ZhangFei. We are looking at the Fangjian of Liyuan Pavilion opposite. The painting onit is the classic opera Xixiang Ji, which describes the love story between CuiYingYing and Zhang Junrui.

Well, now lets turn around and have a look. There are two tall flagpolesin front of the gate of tianhuangong mountain. They stick straight into Yunxiao,which is particularly eye-catching. This flagpole is 26 meters high. Theflagpole is made of several pieces of copper and iron rough wood. The outerlayer is wrapped with hemp plaster, and then coated with paint. It is solidthrough winter and summer. It is said that when the flagpole was first erected,on the one hand, it hung lights to guide the boats going to and fromsanchahekou, on the other hand, it served as a foil for Tianhou palace, makingthe whole building complex appear to be in an extraordinary state. Later, it wasspecially used to hang the long flag of Empress Dowagers title during thepilgrimage on the 1st and 15th day of each lunar month and during the templefair.

Please go on. Now we are looking at the main building of Tianhou palace.Tianjin local folk known as "empress", so the empress palace is also known asempress palace. It was first built in the Yuan Dynasty, and was rebuilt andreinforced many times in later dynasties. As we all know, most temples in Chinaface south from north, but the temple of heaven after heaven faces west fromEast. Why? Because the Sancha River in Jinmen is a necessary place for watertransport, which is not only the starting point of river transport, but also theterminal point of sea transport, and becomes a transit station for river seatransport. In order to satisfy the spiritual sustenance of the boat people,merchants and government officials in the water transportation and pray for theprotection of the God of the sea, the temple of heaven was built on the WestBank of the Haihe River. The temple gate faces east, faces the Haihe River, andships from south to North anchor and burn incense in the temple. Some shipscant reach the shore because they dont have time or for some reason. Boatpeople and merchants can also worship the queen on board and pray for peace. Inthis way, it not only met the requirements of the folk worship of the believerswho could not land, but also complied with the busy shipping demand at thattime, and met the requirements of the folk worship of the believers who couldnot land.

What we see now is the mountain gate, which is a mixed structure of brickand wood. There are three gates with a green tile roof on Jiuji Xieshan. Themiddle is a circular arch, which means "the sky is round" in ancient times, andthe two sides are rectangular gates. On the forehead of the gate is engravedwith the four characters of "Chijian Tianhou Palace", and in the middle arch isa plaque of "protect Sanjin". There was no such gate when the temple was firstbuilt. It was built in the 14th year of Qianlong.

You follow me in and face a wooden archway with two columns and one floor.On the left and right sides are the drum tower and the bell tower. Walkingthrough the archway, we can see the front hall in front of us. In the middle ofthe hall, there are worshippers of the Dharma God King, and on both sides are"Qianliyan", "shunfenger" and "Jiaxie" and "Jiashan".

上半年景区导游工作总结范文

时间过的真快，又是岁末了，作为导游员的我似乎还没能回味过来这一年的滋味，适应这季节的变化，但是，时间不等人，日月老人将要给xx年画上句号了。我所从事导游工作，又经历了一个年头了，我喜欢这个工作，不论苦辣酸甜，我总是一个“乐”字。

在导游年审培训的会议室里，原省旅游协会副会长刘祖翼现场为我们授课，他从旅游与文化的融合、芜湖旅游的发展前景和导游人员的素质要求等方面进行了精彩讲解!

导游是旅游业不可缺少的组成部分，它是旅游业的灵魂，是旅行社的支柱。某种意义上来说，导游人员是一个地区形象的体现，也是了解一个城市的窗口。 导游是什么?用原省旅游协会副会长刘祖翼的话来说，导游的言谈举止、素质修养不仅直接反映出一个城市精神文明的素质修养，而且也折射出一个城市旅游行业的品质建设。半城山半城水是芜湖的一道美丽风景线，而导游是向中外游客传达城市形象的使者，是一个城市的名片。“一名真正的导游员，就是一个城市的形象大使。我们希望可以借助各种大赛和培训，发现和培养出更多的优秀导游人才，进一步提升导游素质，推进芜湖旅行社行业品质建设，推动旅行社行业转型升级，使之成为中国优秀城市——芜湖一张亮丽的城市名片。 同时呢，他也说由于媒体长期以来对个别导游出现不规范行为的报道过于频繁，对旅游行业造成了较大的负面影响，从而使旅客积累起对导游的不信任感。导游队伍到自身形象的重要性，要自立、自强、自爱、自信。媒体的监督是一件好事情，相信随着市场的规范，企业的成熟，导游的形象也会逐步得到认可。同时，社会和旅游企业也要逐渐提高对导游的认识，因为导游是人才、是生产力、是效益。只有吸引优秀人才的加入旅游行业才能实现可持续发展。中国已经是一个旅游大国，将要成为旅游强国，中国导游将成为一个高尚的职业，这不是因为导游收入多，而是因为导游的阅历和学识高，因此即要保证导游的权利和利益，

同时也要对导游的责任提出要求。

市旅游局助理调研员郑金兰同时也出席了开班仪式并且讲话。针对现行的导游培训内容方法单一、管理滞后不能适应新形势下旅游业发展的实际，她对今后的导游培训工作提出明确的要求。一是改革现行的导游培训方法，更新培训内容，提高培训质量，使导游培训工作更加规范化、制度化。通过不断加强对导游人员的职业道德、职业纪律教育和规范的培训考核，提高导游人员的思想素质和职业道德水平。二是重视导游人员的日常培训。旅行社应充分利用淡季对本单位导游人员进行集中培训，建立本单位导游人员日常培训档案，并在年终将本年度开展导游人员日常培训情况，包括培训时间、培训形式、培训内容、参加人数、考核情况上报市旅游局，作为导游年审和旅行社考核重要指标。三是导游人员要加强自身建设，平时要注重学习，以自学为主，注意理论联系实际，加强自身修养，要珍惜每一次的培训。

从懵懂到认知，掐指一算做兼职导游已有3年时间了，其间有酸也有甜。曾经试图放弃，却有千般理由选择继续。“导游”这个词曾经给了我很多兴奋的联想：带着来自五湖四海的朋友穿梭在神州大地!古老的皇城;美丽的西双版纳;神秘的原始森林„„在那些另人向往的地方与客人们一起放声歌唱!细细去品位，去遐想，去感受这些可能让人终身难忘的时刻!

尽管这些并未全部实现!尽管工作当中遇到很多困难!但它却丝毫不影响我对导游工作的热诚!

通过这次导游年审培训让我学习到了怎样处置问题，面临问题时要临危不乱，以下是我的大致小结：

1、熟习线路：团前准备一定要充分，线路熟记于心，多讨教老导游，但也并不能轻信别人的提议，要做到有把握，有依据，才干万无一失。

2、效劳工作要热心，认真：特别是旺季，一定要提示旅游留意事项，方可做到防患于已然，有时一句话就能带来意想不到的效果，如旅游安全问题，旅游留意要守时等等，主要防止问题呈现的时分游客产生心情上的不满。导游若在事前有个铺垫，效果就会好很多。

3、留意和谐工作，布置好游客的同时，也要妥善处置好客人，司机，地陪旅游社和景区的关系。

4、导游要以不变应万变，呈现问题也不能自己先乱了阵脚。导游虽不是万能的，但你的头衔就必定了你必需在客人面前临危不乱，及时果断的处置问题，如发作不测情况也要学会晤机行事来妥善处置。

5、书到用时方恨少，导游所知道的学问必需普遍，因此要不时的学习，给自己充电。每次带团回来也要及时的总结经历，积聚阅历。

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proof of work

* * * * * limited company was founded in 1995, registered capital of rmb million yuan. the companys products mainly include the * * * * * * * *.

* * in 1995 to join my company, due to the work of outstanding performance, was promoted to the * * * * * * * *, responsible for. * * the work of a conscientious and responsible, for my company to develop a broad market, the company in the fierce competition in the market occupy a space for one person. give * * * annual salary of 48000 yuan, the personal income tax withheld by the company.

mr. * * * in order to better development in the future, decide to go to uk to study, i also need high-quality management personnel, so we totally agree with his study plan and sincerely welcome mr. * * * after returning to work in my company. if you require any further information, please contact the company with me!

hereby certify that!

general manager:

* * * limited company

in september 19th

work experience to prove

it is my unit worker comrade, engaged in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( professional ) related working years, its main experience as follows:

year month

in the post

to engage in any professional work

by any professional

technical qualifications

year month year month -

year month year month -

year month year month -

year month year month -

year month year month -

via checking, the comrades in the course of work, to abide by the law, violate the occupation ethics behavior. i units of the proof of authenticity.

hereby certify that

unit (seal ) the personnel management department (seal )

signature: signature:

year month day year month day

note: this proves to be the candidates work units are issued, as a result of mobilization is unit of professional work experience is not enough, must by the personnel management department at the same time. the seal of the entity, the signature of the handling person shall only be valid, a person.

prove

this is to certify that comrades in our company is engaged in construction related professional work is full of x years, no violation of laws and regulations and occupation moral behavior, hereby certify that.

unit name (here the official seal )

x x month x day

limitation of action is generally 2 years, special as a maximum of 5 years, the calculated date is from you know or should know that the violations of the date, you should be the limitation of action, but 02 years ago as the insurance is not mandatory. if for a long period, i suggest you still serious lawyer as well.

general proof of work, a few si-mp-le words can

this has our employees engaged in the human resources work, , years of continuous service.

hereby certify that

a sealed units

year month day

为了面对这一刻,我思忖良久,心情有些沉重,不知道如何开口。

在常邦的大半年时间里我 成长了许多,，在晏总的关心与栽培下，在同事的帮助与包容下，一步步成长，才能做出今 天的些许成绩，对此我表示十分的感谢。

此时的我感到十分的无奈，但凡我有一点留下的理由，我也不会选择离开。在我考虑了 很长的时间之后， 我没有理由说服自己继续留下来， 我感到自己已经不能够适应现有的工作， 失去了前进的动力和向前的精神，这是我个人的悲哀，我感到十分的无奈。人生总是需要不 断的进步的。此时的我得不到更多的进步，我只好选择离开，谋求更大的发展! 选择离开，不是因为怕苦怕累，也不是不能忍受委屈，更不是不能坚持，而是不确定还 要累多久，还要忍受多久，还要坚持多久。在这里，自己已经迷失了方向，不能看清未来是 什么样子， 失去了前进的动力和向前的精神。

当然， 自身也有着不足的地方， 比如心态方面， 受外部环境因素的影响等等。

在我去年 10 月初入职时，我坚定的告诉自己“安心并要认真对这份事业负责” ，很遗憾 我食言了，有很多原因，自己存在着不足，我要做出深刻的反省与自我检讨。

1、不懂得沟通技巧。真正善于沟通的人，是和任何人都能打交道的，而且能达到沟通 的目标。在工作中，我曾经试着去沟通，不懂就去问，去研究，和同事协商。我努力试着去 沟通，但是，项目本身就存在很多问题，沟通几次无效之后，有问题就提的方式被批评几次 以后，就消极的放弃了，这也导致了后面的工作一步一陷入被动。

2、不懂得处世，太坚持自我。初入职场，认为努力做好自己的工作就好了，不必在意 别人的看法，事实证明我错了，前辈告诉我说要尝试改变自己，去适合领导的工作方式，这 是我做的不足的地方，但是，估计以后也不会改变。

3、不注意细节。在工作中，难免会有瑕疵和漏洞，只要仔细一点点检查，肯定是可以 避免的。在快节奏的工作中，只做到了快速做出成果，忽视了细节，以至于效率不高，这是 我的错误。

4、没有采用合适的表达方式。很多事情一定要做出成果以后，自己满意以后才去听取 意见，以至于领导说是“废品” ，然后不断修正，多走弯路。 当然，我意识到，一年的工作生活参与了我的成长、改变、自省。如果不说是血泪，至 少汗水这个词可以不完整的代以表达。对常邦，我虽没有贡献太多，但我可以说，我在的时 候，大部分时间我是精力、尽力投入认真负责完成我该做的每一件事。当然，偏差和错误不 可避免，但是这里还有个理解的鸿沟和解读方式的差异。现在每天我感到的压力和迷惘，让 我对自己真的需要什么， 对生活真的追求什么作了一丝自省， 我想我的工作和生活该重新规 划和设计一下，所以我选择离开，让自己去冷静的思考。

因为我在公司的作用并不大， 一定会有同事迅速的补上我离开的岗位， 我的工作内容并 不难，所以也会有人迅速的补上来。不过此时我还是感到一点的遗憾和尴尬。在 不断发 展的今天，我选择离开，实在不算上明智，可是我没办法，我无法说服自己!最后祝愿常邦 的明天会更好，祝福领导和同事身体健康，万事如意!此致敬礼 经营部 某某某 20xx 年 5 月 26 日

“更立西江石壁，截断巫山云雨，高峡出平湖，神女应无恙，当惊世界殊。”

要说三峡大坝，不能不先说长江三峡。长江三峡位于长江上游渝鄂川界处，跨重庆市的奉节、巫山和湖北省的巴东、秭归、宜昌五县和宜昌市。西起奉节县白帝城，东至湖北省宜昌市南津关，全长192千米。两岸因燕山运动褶皱隆升的巫山、黄陵庙和八面山山地，由于长江强烈切穿，形成瞿塘峡、巫峡和西陵峡三段大峡及大宁河宽谷、香溪宽谷，总称为长江三峡。

三峡工程在旅游观光中更有其独特的魅力。坛子岭观景台是三峡大坝工程旅游观光的制高点，登上坛子岭，极目远眺，三峡大坝工程的景观可一览无余，尽收眼底。正在建设中的三峡大坝工程的工地上，滚滚的涛声，鼎沸的人声和轰鸣的机器声，声声入耳，汇成了一首热火朝天，汹涌澎湃的劳动交响曲。

三峡大坝建成后，将形成从宜昌到重庆绵延650公里的人工湖，到那时，碧水连天，烟波浩淼，“高峡出平湖”的壮观景象将展现在世人面前。三峡大坝则宛如一条出海的蛟龙腾飞江中，又如一架美丽的彩虹横卧江上。两岸群山叠翠，绿水环绕，小岛星罗棋布，溪流蜿蜒曲折，峡谷纵横交错，秀美的自然风光必将令人们如游画廊，心旷神怡。

各位领导、各位同事：

上午好！

转眼间我来到咱们单位已经四个多月了，这段时间的工作过程中有过快乐、伤心、徘徊和迷茫，但是在科里领导和同事的照顾和帮助下，感受最多的是成长与收获。

总的来说进入设计院以来我心里充满了好奇和不安，好奇是因为我刚踏入社会，对社会和公司不熟悉，所以对公司的各个方面都感到好奇；不安是因为我不知自己是否能够胜任这份工作；现在随着对这份工作的了解，我心里慢慢变得比较平静，自己也知道了该怎样安排自己的工作。

在这四个多月的时间里，我工作中最大的收获是在师父的指导和其他同事的帮助下正确认识到自身的工作和价值；并且，基于领导的信任，我参加了和两个项目，在做项目的过程中，不仅学到了许多专业知识，开阔了眼界，还从周围的同事身上学到作为一个设计人员除了具有一定的专业能力，还应该具有强烈的责任心和团队合作意识，不能因为项目小而懈怠，也不能只考虑到自己而忽视他人和全局。

在这段时间的工作中，除了取得一定的收获外，也发现了自身的一些不足，首先是专业知识不足，感觉很多东西都不知道；另外是不够认真和虚心，导致工作中出现不少错误，给其他同事带来了许多麻烦。对于这些不足，我会在以后的日子里虚心向周围的同事学习，努

力丰富自己，充实自己，在实践中积累更多的经验，把自己的业务素质和工作能力进一步提高。也希望请各位领导和同事对我多提要求和建议，使我更快更好的完善自己，更好的适应工作需要。

以上就是我的工作总结，谢谢大家！

Everybody is good! My name is zhang, you can call me a guide. Today I bring you to visit verve magnificent Great Wall.

MAO zedong once said: "not a true man unless he comes to the Great Wall". Why dont we go on a tour today? Good! We can eat when men now! On the former see head, after the end of the Great Wall.

About the Great Wall, there is a moving story, legend meng jiangnus husband was caught to build the Great Wall, the meng jiangnu then struggling to find her husband, however, meng jiangnu I get to know and her husband were dead tired at the foot of the Great Wall. After hearing the news, meng jiangnu cry for three days and three nights at the foot of the Great Wall, just listen to "bang" a loud walls down, to see the bodies of her husband!

Now that we have stood on the badaling, stepping at the foot of the square brick, holding the stone on the wall, naturally think of the Great Wall is built. Tourists, look at these countless stone alone, with 2 - one thousand catties a enough at that time, there was also no crane, crane, forklift, rely on the shoulder, countless hands, step by step, carry on the steep mountains.

Well, the beauty of the Great Wall I said also said not over, now please enjoy the beautiful scenery of the Great Wall!

My name is , Im school of tourism management students. My personality is bright, is a sunny girl, I am also a slow charge girl, feel so much experience, there is a positive feeling, I am good at dealing with people, in the face of life with a confident heart, dare to challenge themselves. In the university I constantly improve themselves, improve their own quality. On the basis of learning professional courses and public courses, I have a solid professional basis be learned in books, for myself. I read a lot of books, and constantly adding new knowledge, edify sentiment, develop view. Not only that, I was I often take part in English corner activities organized by the school and practise my oral English. I also make many foreign friends

I actively participate in school organization during the period of school activities, exercise a certain communication ability. I served as the University of , director of Public Relations Association and Literature Society of Ministers of the organization. Because of the special good at arts and sports, I served as the Department of Arts minister, Academy of Art director and school dance association of Latin dance coach and football team the cheerleader, organized and participated in the school held many performances and sports competitions. Haikou is the Golden Coast Lawton Hotel and Meritus Mandarin Hotel wedding celebration exclusive dance artists.

During the period of school, I also actively participate in social practice activities, improve my ability to adapt to society, broaden my knowledge. Because of the Public Relations Society of university trained etiquette training, I attended several opening ceremony etiquette reception work, done a car sales model. x also participated in the Asia Economic Forum the annual meeting of the reception work, and access to x Spring Hotel general manager personally awarded the honorary certificate.

I am cheerful, generous, strong communication ability and practical ability, good at interpersonal communication. To master the knowledge of good manners and hospitality experience, the flexibility and agility, flexibility to work in an emergency. My capability is very strong, responsive, is a reassuring people.

颐和园的昆明湖景区主要包括昆明湖、东堤、西堤及湖中诸岛。

“昆明湖”名称源自汉武帝在长安城开凿昆明池操练水军的典故。汉武帝曾派使团前往身毒(今印度一带)，在昆明国的滇池被阻，于是决定兴兵讨伐。为一举征服昆明国，便在京城长安西南挖掘了巨大的昆明池，练习水战。乾隆皇帝借用此典故，将西湖改名为昆明湖，并也曾在昆明湖中操练水师，以标榜自己如同汉武帝一样，为治理国家的明君、开疆拓土的英主。

我先来给大家介绍一下东堤。东堤由南向北，主要景观依次为：绣漪桥、昆仑石碑、廓如亭、十七孔桥、铜牛、文昌阁、耶律楚材祠。

绣漪桥位于昆明湖与长河，东堤与西堤的交界处。清代帝后来颐和园时，经常从绣漪桥下进入昆明湖。为满足行船的要求，绣漪桥被建成高拱形单孔桥，北京人习惯称它为“罗锅桥”。

昆仑石碑共有两块，一块立于绣漪桥北面的堤岸边，一块立于铜牛北面的堤岸边，石碑四面镌刻着乾隆皇帝的御制诗。

廓如亭是我国古代园林中现存的最大的一座观景亭，建筑面积约300多平方米，由内外3圈24根圆柱与16根方柱支撑。在亭内观景，视野十分开阔，故名“廓如亭”。又因为它是八面重檐攒尖顶式样，故俗称“八方亭”。

十七孔桥东连廓如亭，西接南湖岛，全长150米，宽8米，仿北京金代卢沟桥而建。桥的栏杆望柱上精雕细刻着544只形态各异的小狮子，卢沟桥上只有485只，数量远远超过了卢沟桥。

铜牛位于廓如亭北面的堤岸边，为镇水之物。为了阐述建造铜牛的用意，乾隆皇帝特意撰写了一篇四言铭文《金牛铭》，用篆书铸在铜牛背上。以铜牛镇水源于大禹治水的典故。传说大禹每治理完一处水患，便铸造一只铜牛沉入河底，希望河道永固，永不泛滥。自唐代开始，改用铜牛置于堤岸边的形式镇水。

文昌阁是东堤最北端的建筑，建在高约10米的方形城关之上，是颐和园6座城关中最大的一座。阁内供奉铜铸文昌帝君坐像。文昌阁与万寿山西侧的宿云檐城关东西相对，一供文昌帝君，一供关羽，文东武西，寓意大清江山文武辅弼。

耶律楚材祠位于文昌阁东北，耶律楚材的祠堂和墓穴均在这里。耶律楚材为契丹贵族的后裔，是元代第一名相。光绪年间，在耶律楚材祠前建了颐和园电灯公所。

接下来我再给大家介绍一下西堤。西堤由北向南的主要景观依次为西堤六桥和景明楼。

界湖桥是西堤六桥中最北边的一座，位于昆明湖、西湖、与后湖的分界处，故名“界湖桥”。

界湖桥的南边是豳风桥。清漪园时期，此桥名为桑苧桥，光绪年间重建后，慈禧太后一是为了避咸丰皇帝的名讳，二是忌讳其发音如“丧主”，故改名“豳风桥”。“豳风”二字出自《诗经》中的《豳风 七月》，这首诗是描写西周时期豳地百姓耕田采桑场景的。豳风桥西面的耕织图中水乡泽国，男耕女织的生产生活场面与诗意相合。

豳风桥南是玉带桥。玉带桥为高拱形单孔桥，因形似玉带，故名“玉带桥”。桥身上东西两侧有乾隆皇帝亲笔撰写的对联和“玉带桥”三字。这里是去静明园的必经水路。

玉带桥南是镜桥。镜桥名称是借代唐代大诗人李白“两水夹明镜，双桥落彩虹”诗句的意境而得名。

镜桥南面是练桥。练桥名称出自南朝诗人谢眺的诗句“余霞散成绮，澄江静如练”。练是白色的丝织品，此处形容桥架在澄静如练的昆明湖水面上。

练桥的南面是柳桥。柳桥是西堤六桥中最南面的一座，名称出自唐代大诗人杜甫的诗句“柳桥晴有絮”。因西堤上遍植柳树，此桥掩映在柳浪之中，故名。

景明楼位于练桥和柳桥之间，建于乾隆年间，由主楼和两座配楼组成。景明楼的名称出自宋代文学家范仲淹的名著《岳阳楼记》中“至若春和景明，波澜不惊，上下天光，一碧万顷”之句，而建筑形式是按照元代画家赵子昂德名作《荷亭纳凉图》中的意境创造的。

最后，我来介绍一下湖中的岛屿。

文昌阁西北是由大小两岛组成的知春岛，知春亭建在大岛之上。亭名源自宋代大文豪苏东坡的诗中“春江水暖鸭先知”的意境。

南湖岛位于 十七孔桥西面，是昆明湖中最大的岛屿。岛上主要有南北两组建筑，南部是广润灵雨祠，俗称“龙王庙”，始建于明代。“广润”是宋真宗诏封西海龙王的封号，而昆明湖在明代有“西湖”之称，故将龙王庙命名为“广润祠”。乾隆皇帝80岁时，曾亲至这里祈雨，结果当晚大雨滂沱，第二天，乾隆皇帝又亲自来谢雨，并改名为“广润灵雨祠”。北部是涵虚堂，原名望蟾阁，乾隆年间仿黄鹤楼建造。嘉庆年间将3层的望蟾阁改为一层的涵虚堂，光绪年间，慈禧太后曾在这里效仿乾隆皇帝检阅水操战船和阵法演练。

凤凰墩位于昆明湖最南端的水域中，是仿黄埠墩而建的小岛。凤凰墩上原建有一座凤凰楼，楼顶上安装着一只镀金的铜凤凰，凤凰口中衔着一面风旗，可知风力大小和风向。凤凰墩与南湖岛南北相望，凤凰楼与龙王庙相对，寓意“龙凤呈祥”。

时间总是不遗余力的向前奔去，留下了主人在暗自思量。

——引语

一、思想工作

我承认：本学期的思想工作不笃定，表现在思想指导自我的行动力上缺乏强迫性、在思想指导自我进步的方向上出现了偏差，但是，有些现阶段看起来是“弯路”的路，会让你的人生、你的思想、你的精神更加的灿烂。

对于幼儿教育工作该怀抱着怎样的思想、念头呢?

对待不同的孩子该如何进行教育和评价呢?

这些遗留的问题，我希望在以后能够找到答案，并且让自己变得更加的笃定，在思想上更加的强大。

二、教育工作

备课是教师的天职，所以，课前做好充分的准备是我们教师必须要做的;在组织教学活动是应该注意到每个孩子的需求，给予每个孩子一份关注;在当天的活动之后，我们需要静下心来，写一写工作笔记，正所谓滴水石穿，我相信，能够做好每一件事情的教师，她肯定是一位有耐心的教师或者正在成长的路上。

1.在教育教学活动中，争取常规与活动目标同行，让每一个孩子都能够养成良好的学习常规、良好的倾听习惯等等。当然，在活动中会允许年龄差距带来的知识经验准备上的落差，因为，本班还有几位年龄小和几位插班生，这些会造成活动组织中较难掌握和解决的难点。经过一个学期的努力，这些在年龄上有差异的孩子，还是得到了一定的提高：李宜润小朋友能大胆的与身边的人打招呼了;王罗卿的生活常规与学习常规已经建立起来了;罗可比上个学期懂事多了。

2.在活动开始前认真吃透教材，虽然本学期我们使用的是创意主题活动的教材，但是，每个活动也有侧重的领域，这对于我们研究分领域教学的教师们来说，还是可以接受的。当然，活动、活动肯定是以操作演练为主，所以，材料的投放、游戏的选择都是有技巧的，需要教师的思考与推敲。

三.家长工作

1.有事就商量，没事就唠叨。教师与家长交上朋友，教育理念就会统一，有利于我们工作的开展，比如：刘懿萱的家长、李林萱的家长、谭润楚的家长、刘庭瑄的家长、夏瑶的家长、王梓怡的家长都成了我们的好朋友，这些家长在每一次班级的大型活动中都卖力的配合着，让我们着实的感到无比的欣慰。

2.认真填写每日的《幼儿在园半日情况》，尽可能的联系到每一个孩子，让家长更多的了解自己孩子在园的情况，现阶段有哪些进步和缺点需要改正，家长们很喜欢看，也喜欢三五成群的交流育儿心得，每天，离园时的“盛景”，总是让我的心中油然而生出对自己职业的敬佩。

四、后续工作谋划

1、重抓幼儿在园情况PPT，让每个家长更直观的观察自己孩子在园的一些片段，推行无纸化办公;

2、重视幼儿园环境创设，在吊顶和主题墙的创设上，更加的注重环保与艺术的结合;

3、修缮图书室的同时完善图书室的功能，提高图书室的利用率;

4、扎实业务、巧培技能技巧，争取在今年的“巾帼摘星”活动中取得优异的成绩。

Dear passengers, everyone! I am your tour guide lily pula, you can call me ho. This is very honored to visit the Great Wall with you.

From a distance, the Great Wall is like a huge dragon. Close look, I cant see the other end of the Great Wall. Standing on the Great Wall, beacon tower stands on the Great Wall, like a "daruma" will never fall. The Great Wall is an important ancient defense works, from yan started to build the Great Wall, the Great Wall has a history of more than 20xx years now!

There is a touching legend about the Great Wall. When building the Great Wall, in addition to need not to build the wall over the age of 60, other youth to build the Great Wall. Suzhou scholar Fan Xiliang, in order to avoid being caught by the rulers, had to be in hiding. Once, he fled to meng garden, accidentally encountered meng jiangnu. Meng jiangnu is a smart beautiful girl, she and her parents hid the Fan Xiliang together. Two old people like Fan Xiliang, meng jiangnu betrothed to his wife. But, the person and tragedies will descend, it is the unforeseen that newly married less than three days, Fan Xiliang go by officers and soldiers to catch. Later, meng jiangnu Trinidad TiaoTiaoDe came to the Great Wall to find her husband. Who knows, migrant workers told her that Fan Xiliang is dead. She was crying at the foot of the Great Wall, I dont know how long cry, listen to "bang", the Great Wall fall down a few kilometers.

The passengers, please do not throw garbage everywhere, and in the scribble on the ChengZhuan moment. We are to meet at 7 in the gate.

Hello, everyone! I am a small tour guide Chen Mingxiao. Welcome to themagnificent the Great Wall. Today, I am honored to introduce to you the theGreat Wall, the great ancient Chinese architecture. Now, lets start a tour ofthe Great Wall!

As the saying goes, "less than the Great Wall is not a good man", climbingthe Great Wall must have perseverance and unyielding perseverance anddetermination, and can not give up halfway. We can watch and climb on the otherside. Let me first introduce the Great Wall to you: the Great Wall is made up ofGuan Cheng, enemy building, smoke pier, Beacon Tower, enemy platform, wallplatform, woo wall, stack, hole, perforation, etc. The Beacon Tower and themound are used to deliver the enemy. During the day, smoked on smoked pits, andthe number of smoke piles represents the number of enemy soldiers. I cant seethe smoke at night and make a fire on the Beacon Tower. This way of transmittinginformation was the fastest and most effective in that era, and Beacon Towerplayed a very important role.

At this time, I saw a child climbing on the wall. I held him down and saidto everyone, "please be careful not to climb on the wall. It is very dangerous.Outside the wall is a dangerous mountain. Falling down is not fun! "

Now, let me tell you more about the story of the Great Wall: Once upon atime, there was a man named Meng Jiangnu who went to dress for her husband whorepaired the Great Wall. She went to the Great Wall, but she didnt find herhusband. She quickly asked others that he had been buried in the Great Wall. Shecried and cried for many years. Finally, she cried down the Great Wall andfinally saw her husband.

The Great Wall is beautiful, magnificent, winding, and you are welcome tovisit it.

Everybody is good! Welcome to the Palace Museum tourists sightseeing. Today, I will take you visit the Forbidden City, in the hope that visitors can enjoy me!!!!!!!

The tourists! The Palace Museum is in the Ming and qing dynasties imperial palace, the Forbidden City built on the basis of a collection of ancient buildings, collection, imperial palace culture art as one of the large-scale comprehensive museum. The Forbidden City covers an area of about more than 100 square meters, construction area of about 1 square meters. A total of 24 emperors lived in the Forbidden City, the first is the Ming dynasty yongle emperor zhu di, the last one is the qing dynasty xuantong emperor, puyi, ruled the country for 491 years. So the Palace Museum of history is very long!

Visitors, please look up, this is the meridian gate, in ancient times, what kill people to kill in front of the meridian gate! From the meridian gate, we can see the jinshui bridge. From the jinshui bridge in the past, a gate, can see the Palace Museum of taihe palace, zhonghe palace and Baohe Palace, is the place where the emperor emperor, very grand. Out of Baohe Palace, a gate of heavenly purity, came to the palace of heavenly purity, this temple and palace of earthly tranquility, legend built the Forbidden City, is in order to world peace, to take these three places? Kun ning door, is the imperial garden, the garden scenery beautiful, there are a number of strange stone, come across these stones, remember pictures to commemorate!

Before the gate is her virginity and creature door, our trip to the Forbidden City is over. Look at this magnificent palace, and some loathe to give up?

女士们，先生们!欢迎来到历史悠久的敦煌莫高窟。我是你们的导游。大家就叫我老周吧。四大石窟有：龙门石窟，云冈石窟，麦积山石窟，和敦煌莫高窟。其中最大的，可就是敦煌莫高窟了。接下来，就跟着我一起去敦煌莫高窟看看吧!

首先我要向大家介绍：莫高窟的千佛洞。他被誉为20世纪最有价值的文化发现，“东方卢浮宫”坐落在走廊西端的敦煌，以精美的壁画和塑像闻名于世。现有洞窟735个，壁画405平方米，泥质彩塑2415尊，是世界上现存规模最大，内容最丰富的佛教圣地。

各种各样的石窟大小不一。千佛洞的岩壁上雕刻着成千上万的小佛像，每个小佛像虽然只有一寸多高，但头和身子都雕刻得栩栩如生，活灵活现。好了，到下一个景点。

你们看，这个东西是一个九层的遮掩，也叫“北大像”，高36米，是世界第三大佛哦!

莫高窟是一个百宝箱。

好了，游览到此结束。欢迎下次再来!

Chongqing, located in southwest China, the Yangtze river and the jialing river interchange, and surrounded, wrap, river city mountain alongside water, cascade, both famous for jiang. The upper Yangtze river, 470 kilometers long from east, north and south 450 kilometers wide, with a total area of 8.2 square kilometers, and hubei, hunan, guizhou, sichuan, shaanxi and other provinces border. Is a famous mountain city of chongqing, it is the most prominent feature of the terrain ups and downs, stereo sense is strong.

Chongqing is a unique tourism resources. Throughout the city, the city of bashan stretches, YuShui vertical and horizontal, overlooking the has a long history, cultural heritage deep, form the mountain, water, forest, springs and waterfalls, gorge, hole, etc as one of the magnificent natural scenery and melt ba-yu culture, national culture, immigration culture, three gorges culture, the "capital" culture, urban culture in a batch of rich cultural color. From Xia Yuwang live with a door and not into the "" three TuShan old mark, many celebrities to the kuomintang and the communist party of work site; From big NingHe historic hanging coffins, and decisive to "fold the scourge of god" ocean fishing city sites; From well-known ancient and modern in the three gorges of Yangtze river, to the man who dazu grottoes, composed with chongqing characteristics of "mountain city scenery", "the Yangtze river three gorges tourism golden line" and "eight big characteristic tourist area", a total of more than 300 spots, of which more than 10 national cultural relics protection units.

Chongqing is Chinas famous historical and cultural city, has more than 3000 years long history and glorious revolutionary tradition, taking chongqing as the center of the Cuban chongqing region is the birthplace of ba-yu culture, the land gave birth to the chongqings long history. 2 ~ 30000 years ago the late paleolithic, for human life in chongqing area. The 11th century BC chow period, people in chongqing for capital, Pakistan has been established. Later qin destroy Pakistan, the world for 36 counties, the county is one of them. Jisheng period Pakistani territory to the original chongqing city as the administrative center, the jurisdiction of the northwest in eastern sichuan, western hubei, hunan and suck area. Since qin and han dynasties, the area most of the time as a unified administrative jurisdiction, the administrative center is located in the original chongqing.

Chongqing are Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Catholicism and Christianity. Religious believers 100 more than ten thousand people, open 215 of religious activity venues, registration staff of 321 people. The masses of believers and religious people raised the banner of patriotism and support of the party and government leadership, for economic development and the construction of socialist spiritual civilization has made a contribution.

Chongqing people in one thousand to form the New Year the Spring Festival, 15 view lamp, the tomb-sweeping day ancestor worship, the Mid-Autumn moon and suspension wine festival, sit sedan, fly a kite, folk custom, compared with other parts of China the same. But because there are five tujia and miao autonomous county of chongqing, the two both passion and nation has its own unique folk traditional holiday. Sacrifice, prayer, festival activities such as tujia, miao "autumn", etc.

A mountain city of chongqing, has its own unique festival every year. Such as chongqing cuisine culture festival held every year in October or so, if you want to taste the famous snacks and flavor dishes, dont miss. Chongqing international drinks beer festival, and weighing the Munich beer festival, is the summer carnival. In addition, there are magnetic device mouth temple fair, TongLiang dragon Lantern Festival, dazu county fair and ghost town temple fair.

It is a famous mountain in the suburb of Taipei. It is like a horizontalstatue of Avalokitesvara. It stands solemnly in the Bali area on the South Bankof the Tanshui River, facing the Tanshui town and the Datun Volcano Group on thenorth bank. It is a famous landmark of the Tanshui estuary.

Guanyin Mountain is not high above sea level, but it is connected with 18small peaks. The highest mountain, qianhanling, is no more than 612 meters. Themountain trails are dense, making it one of the most popular climbing places inthe western suburbs of Taipei. There are many famous temples and ancient templeson the mountain. You can go back to the stream to watch the waterfalls, theeagles and the birds, half of Taipei and the magnificent Datun mountains. It isa rich natural place to watch.

The paths and valleys of Guanyin Mountain extend in all directions. Thereare many different climbing routes. Climbers can choose the path suitable fortheir physical strength. Among them, the most popular route is to start from theGuanyin Mountain stop of Wugu, climb up the mountain steps to Lingyun temple,and then go up from the archway behind the temple. It takes about one hour toreach qianghanling. You can see the whole Taipei City from the north of Xinguangbuilding. On the other side, you can see the mountains and sea of Tatun mountainand Tanshui River mouth.

In the white sky, Guanyin Mountain can feel the simplicity and solemnity ofLengyan Pavilion and kaishanyuan through the old trees on the gate wall, andoverlook the "benling spitting fog" which is one of the eight scenic spots ofDanshui. In the evening, it is most exciting to watch the sunset and the dusk ofDanshui. Or, when the night falls, you can see the night scene of Danshui River,with lights flashing and lights out, which is another beauty of disturbing theworld.

掐指一算做导游已x年有余，其间有酸也有甜。曾经试图放弃，却有千般理由选择继续，为了继续而毅然选择加入旅游总公司，希望自己理想的翅膀再次飞翔。

接下来xx年x月的时候带了一次团，由于这次准备并不是很充分，又加上一些主观和客观的原因使自己对这次带团真的很有挫折感，不过，也让我学习到了怎么处理问题，面临问题时要临危不乱，以下是我带团来的大致小结：

1：熟悉线路：团前准备一定要充分，线路熟记于心，多请教老导游，但也并不能轻信别人的提议，要做到有把握，有依据，才能万无一失。

2：服务工作要热心，细心：特别是旺季，一定要提醒旅游注意事项，方可做到防患于未然，有时一句话就能带来意想不到的效果，如旅游安全问题，游览注意要守时等等，主要防止问题出现的时候游客产生情绪上的不满。导游若在事先有个铺垫，效果就会好很多。

3：注意协调工作，安排好游客的同时，也要妥善处理好客人，司机，地陪旅行社和景区的关系。

4：导游要以不变应万变，出现问题也不能自己先乱了阵脚。导游虽不是万能的，但你的头衔就注定了你必须在客人面前临危不乱，及时果断的处理问题，如发生意外情况也要学会随机应变来妥善处理。

5：书到用时方恨少，导游所知道的知识必须广泛，因此要不断的学习，给自己充电。每次带团回来也要及时的总结教训，积累经验。

6：维护旅行社的信誉同时也要保护好游客的权益，当你为客人利益着想时，当客人意见不统一或遇到意外问题时，客人也会尊重和理解你和旅行社的安排。

7：最后，要及时解决客人遗留的问题，导游本身是一个服务行业，不仅仅是满足客人的需求，但不同的人也有不同的心理，你的决定不一定合大众，但一定做到合情合理，客人自然也会给你满意的答复。所以要学会解决不同的问题，不要把问题留到最后。

时间已消逝，的感触心中仍有余悸，我愿把每次大大小小的经历都看成是第一次来认真对待!“路漫漫其修远兮”也许可以回头看看留下的脚印。年轻的我要不断的告诉自己“革命尚未成功，同志仍需努力”!，困难经历了，但经验却留下了。带团总是不可避免要遇到三多(人多车多压力多)，作为导游就要做到三心(多一份细心，多一份小心，多一份诚心)

细心：旅游景点环境杂，作为导游比平常要更多一份细心眼观六路，耳听八方，尽量将客人控制在自己的视力范围内，随时提醒客人归队。

耐心：在游览之前必须将团队的游览之前必须将团队的游览路线，集合时间地点再三强调，以防客人一旦走失可以迅速归队。初到一地大家充满新鲜感会不停“单溜”，这时导游要耐心而迅速的劝客人归队。

诚心：带团随时随地会发生突发事件，导游要用一百分的诚心去解决，事情终会得以化解。

我付出，我努力!总相信“一份耕耘，一份收获”!

Hello, tourists! My name is Wang Xiangyu. Im your tour guide. Just call meXiao Wang. Welcome to Jiuhua Mountain. Lets first introduce the generalsituation of Jiuhua Mountain. Jiuhua Mountain is located in Chizhou City, AnhuiProvince. It is the main scenic spot of the "two mountains and one lake" goldentourist area in Anhui Province. It has beautiful scenery and numerous ancienttemples. It is also known as the four famous Buddhist mountains in China withMount Emei in Sichuan, Mount Wutai in Shanxi and Mount Putuo in Zhejiang.

Jiuhua Mountain was not originally called Jiuhua Mountain, but Jiuzimountain in the Tang Dynasty. Because of its beautiful peaks, there are ninepeaks above the clouds, so there are nine Jiuzi mountains. During the reign ofTang Tianbao, Li Bai, an immortal poet, had been there twice

Next, we first enter the Jiuhua Street scenic spot, and the first thing wesee is a stone gate square. It is carved out of marble, 9 meters high, and is animitation of the Hui style architecture of the Qing Dynasty. The banner isengraved with the four characters "Jiuhua Shengjing" written by Emperor Kangxi.There are stone lions carved under the two pillars of the middle gate. The gateis dignified and elegant. After passing the gate, you can see Yingxian bridge.This bridge was built during the reign of Emperor Qianlong. It is a single holestone arch bridge. Please follow me to this ancient bridge and step into thefairyland!

Well, after visiting Zhiyuan temple, we are now at the center of Jiuhuastreet. What you can see is Huacheng temple, the kaishanzu Temple of JiuhuaMountain. Under the stone steps of Huacheng temple, there are a pair of stonelions in Song Dynasty, one female and one male, which are ancient and clumsy.Huacheng Temple gradually rises according to the terrain, with rigorousstructure, simple and elegant, basically preserving the original style ofkaishanzu temple.

Well, our tour of Jiuhua Mountain has come to an end. Thank you for yoursupport and cooperation in Xiao Wangs work. I hope we will continue to serveyou in the future. Have a good trip! Thank you!

Shenyang Zhaoling Mausoleum of the Qing Dynasty:

Hi, good morning everyone, welcome to Shenyang Zhaol-ing Mausoleum of theQing Dynasty. I’m your tour guide, Vickey. I wish you guys can have a wonderfultime with us and make a lot of friends during this trip.

Zhaoling mausoleum is located in the northern suburb of Shenyang, alsoknown as North mausoleum. It is the mauso-leum of the second emperor of the Qingdynasty, HuangTaiJi and his empress. It is the largest and most magnificent oneof three Imperial Mausoleums in Qing dynasty, and is also one of the mostcompleted existing ancient imperial Mauso-leum building groups in stock. In20__, the UNESCO (Unit-ed Nations Educational, Scientific and CulturalOrganiza-tion) officially listed Shen Yang Zhaoling mausoleum as the WorldHeritage.

HuangTaiJi is the eighth son of the first emperor Nurhachi of Qing dynasty.He, who was born in Liaoning, was famous in politics and strategy. He unifiedthe Northeast China. Zhaoling mausoleum was build from 1643 to 1651. Theex-isting building was the result of reconstructions and en-largements. In termsof architectural style, Mausoleum Zhaoling not only absorbed the advantages ofthe Ming Dy-nasty (which is the times before Qing Dynasty), but alsoas-similated to Manchu people. So it’s a typical Mausoleum blend of Han andManchu culture.

Here we come to the long-en Palace. Long-en Palace is the main palace ofthis mausoleum. It is also known as the "Xiang Palace". It enshrines the shrinesof HuangTaiJi and his empress and the emperor held grand ceremonies here. It wasbuilt in 1643, and was rebuilt in 1691. It was named “long-en" in 1650 and theplaque was hung at the same time. Alright, you guys can go use the restroom. Weare gathering here after 15 minutes.

Each visitor, we arrived at fortress in the China door now.The city is mankinds society is developed toward the civilization by the barbarism of one of the sign.The city is important in the ancient times of strategy, defences.It is also the basic space natural cover that the mankind live.The our country has setting up of 3,000 yearses the city history, there are more than 2,000 all of the city defenses.Set up all of the city walls that are basic to keep an intact Nanking up to now at more than 600 year agos to grow 33.676 kilometers, more even long than Parisian city wall, is a world to keep up to now had better all biggestly the city city wall is national and important cultural object protection unit.Zhu Yuan Zhang captures "gather to celebrate road" that Yuan Dynasty rules and changes name "in response to the sky" in 1356, he heard to strive for a private rises of suggestion"Gao Zhu Qiang widely accumulates a food and slowly calls a king".Cost 21 years to build this city defense.

While constructing a clear city wall in those early years, Zhu Yuan Zhang used gold 6,000,0002, huge sum half like this from national treasury allocate funds, another the half was assigned duties by the rich family of Chiang-Nan.But Chiang-Nan richest person, Chen Wan San claimed nearly 1/3 of the expenseses that set up city.

Fixing the bricks that the city is used to all come from five provinces in Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi, Jiangsu and Anhui is burned by 20 many ten thousand craftsmans to make.The city brick that uses five provinces to burn to make 3.Is 500,000,000 pieces of, the specification of brick grows a 40 cms, breadth 20 cms, thick 10 cms and weighs about 15-20 kgs.The on the sides of each brick engrave to have the name to burn brick craftsman and lift to adjust officer et al and burn to make time etc. certain context with show a responsibility to the person, also positive as it does strict of the responsibility system just make the clear city wall of more than 600 year agos experience successively a battle fire to reserve still up to now.The word on the city wall wipes a book, running script, cursive, seal script and belong to a book all it is thus clear that arrive, engrave a word method to have intaglio to engrave with the sun, the word number of city brick at most reaches to 69 words.Still used six dynasties in the Nanking clear city wall, south Tang Jiu Chengs brick.

The construction in the Nanking city wall can is divided into four stages, first stage is to six dynasties and south Tang loose the part of old city staying to take into to renovate with extension, dredge course of river;Second stage is with in the Feng sun all combine set up a period, maintain to reinforce to the old city wall, and open widely rivers side to the north;The third stage is a concentrated Nanking is built up, reform to gather a treasure, three help etc. city gate, at this time Nanking city already beginning show scale;The fourth stage starts building outside Kuo, the week grows 100 insides and has the outside city gate 18.

Zhu Yuan Zhang constructs a Nanking city wall during 1366-1386 years, the fortress constructing broke with symmetry mode of the stalk directions in the traditional building, but proper because of ground system, the negative mountain rounds water and adopt follow the ridge of Gang Long build city;Make use of natural river lake, dig soil the square fill formation Gao Cheng Shens dike in the city wall, with the demand of true war but construct.Clear capital city shape bottle gourd(again say palm-leaf fan) south the north grow 10,000 meters, the thing grows 5.67,000 meters.Count the Nanking city wall that 100,000 people set up for 21 years while consuming, the week grew 33.676,000 meters(save now 23.743,000 meters).Gao 14-26 Ms in Nanking city wall, the city radicle breadth 14 Ms, last breadth 4-9 Ms;Outside layer wall up establish parapet(arrows Duo)13616, hiding a soldier the hole is more than 200s.In addition to Gang Qiu, city lower part with limestone stone for Chu, the upper part carves city brick and lay bricks to mix with the Liao grass syrup, lime, fine sand and wood oil of clip syrup to glue to match.Clear city wall of so stand erect dont pour for 600 years, just is because used this kind of to stick to matching.

The coping of city wall is carved into low slope inside outside Gao with the brick, both sides seamy side in the city wall contains sink.The wall of the female at interval of 60 meters, establish the stone sink that a picks a 70 cms, line up water on the city wall to the stone inside the city clear hole, again from drain the ditch eject water city.This catchment system at the same time can also the city hinterland noodles Lao water eject a city outside.

"Inside 13, outside 18, the city gate bolts son to outwardly put."The byword of this Nanking at the right moment spoke the city gate number of Nanking.Nanking city 13 city gates can be said with Manchu Dynasty Wu Jing Zis song Jue:"Three mountains gather a treasure to connect a benefit, Hong Wu Chao Yang reaches peace, the absolute being plan gold Chuan faces clock Fu, instrument breeze(settle) the Huai is pure(is cool) to Shih-cheng", the jar city has one jar, two jars, three jars;Outside Guo She Men is 18, is mostly made by popular loess because of the city gate of outside Kuo, the folks is so called "soil city head", therefore didnt reserve up to now of of outside Kuo city gate;But turn virtuous door in the door, the door of Qi Lin, stork door and Anne, rivers east door etc. to still keep being used as a place name use such as the Yao.

Fortress in the China door named "gathered a treasure door" at first, because over against the gathering of city south treasure mountain but get, in 1931 because of fixed a China road in its northern side, but change name to "China door".This fanlight is three words, what Mr. Jiang Jie Shis hand-written.China door is inside outside Huaihe Qin is apart from a recent place, the geography is extremely hazardous, easily guard difficult offend, can rise a man to be a pass, ten thousand men dont open of function.The fortress southern north grows 129 meters, the breadth is 118 meters, cover more than 16,500 square meters, .One city in the China door is three jars, its flat surface presents a "eyes" matrix, two sides have 2 to ascend city Ma Dao, there is 27 inside the fortress hiding soldiers hole.

Fortress in the China door constitutes to°from three jar cities, 8.5 meters highly inside the city wall connect with each other three jar cities inside the fortress, three jar city formation"eyes" matrices close structure and form.The thing of the fortress is two sides, have ascending of two breadth 11 meterses city Ma Dao, a wartime to deliver the quick way of city of for use by the military supplies, is also will get to drive a horse straight up passage.Ma Dao, inside the wall make to guard a soldier to reside Gao to attackstone on all sides and downward, it go into the Tu of the enemy have no place to escape.In fortress in the China door, there are various 27ses hiding soldiers hole, hiding soldiers hole is to be provided for soldier to take a rest and put some places of supplieses for pareparing for war, the first floors of the south a city gate two side each Ma Daos bottoms with 3, ascend cities Be each to have 7 to hide soldiers hole, the second floor still has 7 to hide soldiers hole, can hide a soldier 3000.Continue and walk at Ma Dao from two sides, can arrive 3 F platform, in Ming Dynasty 3 F up set up Di building, we have already coulded not see now, it is ruined to Japan and invade the battle fire of.It is now a flat balcony.Fortress each jar city in China door contains a door per Zha.The wood quality that is all pair ofs sheet iron package front door in each arch type door establishes thousand catties of Zhas to can up and down start inside the hole and exact center all established a small city tower at first at first on each jar city, there is the capstan car to ascend and descend thousand catties of Zhas inside the building, ascending and descending thousand catties of capstan cars of Zhas now the depletion was already.Now city gate hole two sides can see to arrive the stone slot of crest breadth 20 Li rices from the bottom is the long slot that ascended and descended thousand catties of Zhas in those early years.But we allow however can imagine, in the cold weapon ages.Enemys soldier offends to break city gate and flows out into city, thousand catties of Zhas in the city gate will quickly land and cut off enemys way out and trap enemys soldier in the jar city, then hide a soldier the ambush in hole is four, or 100001000 together put, or the stone roll a wood together next, Jian enemy in seal a dead jar in, just like"close the door to beat a dog""catch terrapin in the jar"

Fortress in the China door militarily is thou one big natural cover of the city, emphasize to want a function towards guarding a Nanking already, the west contains outside Qin Huai, the southwest goes to north is Yangtze River, the for this reason door is extremely important.The peace Kingdom of Heaven Hong shows a time that the whole rate peace Kingdom of Heaven starts revolution a soldier and pure soldier to arouse war, 1911 in 1853 Xin Hai revolution period river Zhe allied troops commander Xu Shao Zhen direct the pure soldier of troops and Zhang Xun extremely dead the physical fight and the Nanking in the war against Japan is most struck with fright or horror to protect a war, the Kuomintang will get Tang Sheng Zhi to lead to guard a soldier 84 to live Japans Imperial Armys 30 many aggressions and launched the song of sense of right that the hand to hand fight table wrote Chinese nation with Japans Imperial Army.Fortress in the China door west still has Chen Wan San so reside.The temple city, emperors city, capital city and outside Guo that studies an ancient capital city can understand the ancients life all city and set up the thought idea of city to contain important meaning.