北京小吃导游词（经典20篇）

清华大学的前身是清华学堂，始建于1920xx年4月26日，当时是由美国“退还”的部分“庚子赔款”建立的留美预备学校。1920xx年，清华学堂更名为清华学校。1920xx年设立大学部，开始招收四年制大学生，并开设研究院(国学门)。

1920xx年更名为“国立清华大学”，拥有文、法、理、工等院系。水清木华，钟灵毓秀，清华园发散着独特的精神魅力。清芬挺秀，华夏增辉，今天的清华大学面临着前所未有的历史机遇，新时代的清华人继承爱国奉献的优良传统，秉承“自强不息、厚德载物”的校训和“行胜于言”的校风，努力跻身世界一流大学行列，为中华民族的伟大复兴而努力奋斗。

清华园的校园环境：清华大学主体所在地——清华园，地处北京西北郊名胜风景园林区，清朝康熙年间成为圆明园的附属园林，称熙春园。道光年间分为熙春园和近春园两部分，咸丰年间熙春园改名为清华园。

清华大学校园占地六千余亩，以南北主干道为线分为东区、西区。西区校园为老校区，以美式的校园布局和众多西洋风格的砖水木清华石结构历史建筑为特色，大礼堂为其中心景观，图书馆、科学馆、清华学堂、西体育馆及新建的理学院、新图书馆等建筑分布其间，而原“工字厅”、“古月堂”、“水木清华”等古建筑，以及朱自清先生在《荷塘月色》中描述的“近春园荒岛——荷塘”等，则展示了中国传统的皇家园林风格。东区校园50年代则以兴建的苏式主楼为主体，90年代的时候开始主楼前后新建了各院系系馆及综合体育馆、游泳馆、紫荆公寓等现代风格的建筑物，雄伟大气，而又安静舒适。

Hello everyone! Welcome to Badaling scenic spot for sightseeing. Im veryglad to accompany you today. I hope you can have a good time in Badaling.

The Great Wall is a magnificent defensive building in ancient China. Itstarts from Shanhaiguan in the East and ends at Jiayuguan in the west, and runsacross the north of China. Winding more than 12000 Li, it is famous for the"Great Wall". It was listed in the world cultural heritage list in 1987. It iscalled "the longest defensive wall in the world" by experts and scholars.

The first time that China built the Great Wall was in the spring and AutumnPeriod in the 7th century BC, and the earliest country to build the Great Wallwas the state of Chu. The great wall of the state of Chu is called "Fangcheng"in historical records, with a length of nearly a thousand li. Qi was also one ofthe earliest states to build the Great Wall. The great wall of Qi started fromPingyin in Shandong Province in the West and entered the sea in the East. It isthe most preserved site of the Great Wall in the spring and Autumn period.

Qin Shihuang was born in 220 BC__ After the unification of China in 1949,the old Great Wall in the north of Qin, Zhao and Yan was first repaired. At thecost of "building a city of thousands of miles and building a people ofthousands of miles", he began to build the Great Wall, which is more than 7000kilometers long, from Lintao in the west to Liaodong in the East. Since then,the Great Wall has stood in the east of the world, experiencing thousands ofyears of wind, frost, rain and snow.

In the early Western Han Dynasty, in order to resist aggression and protectthe newly developed "Silk Road". It has built a great wall of more than 10000kilometers from Lop Nor in Xinjiang in the west to Liaodong in the East. This isalso the longest Great Wall in the history of our country.

After the establishment of Ming Dynasty, it faced the threat of Mongoliaand Jurchen. From the beginning of Zhu Yuanzhang, General Xu Da was sent northto build the Great Wall. Until the end of Ming Dynasty, it was overhauled 18times, lasting more than 260 years. Until Hongzhi 20__ In, it was completed fromthe Yalu River in the east to Jiayuguan in the West. Through Liaoning, Hebei,Beijing, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Gansu and other provinces andautonomous regions. The Great Wall is more than 12700 Li long. And along theGreat Wall is divided into nine defense areas, known as "nine sides and ninetowns". Moreover, in many important pass areas, especially in the north ofBeijing City, multiple walls were built. These are the Badaling Great Wall wesee now.

The scale of the Great Wall built in the Qin, Han and Ming Dynasties is thelargest compared with other dynasties. So the three construction climaxes inhistory are the Qin Dynasty, the Han Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty.

Now, let me introduce the Badaling Great Wall. Badaling Great Wall islocated in Yanqing County, northwest of Beijing. It is the best preservedsection of the Great Wall in Beijing with the best engineering quality and themost rigorous structure. This section of the great wall takes the urn city asthe center, reaching the seventh floor in the South and the twelfth floor in thenorth, with a total length of 4770 meters. It is the only channel leading to theoutside of the Great Wall in Beijing area and the front position of Juyongguan.From here, you can reach Yongning and Sihai in the East, Xuanhua and Datong inthe west, Jingcheng in the south, Yanqing in the north and Badaling in alldirections. Badaling pass was built in 1520__ The city is 7.5 meters high and 4meters thick. There is a plaque on each of the East and West gates, with "JuyongWai Town" in the East and "north gate lock key" in the West. At the entrance ofGuancheng, there is a cannon with a length of 2.85 meters and a caliber of 10.5cm, which is called "Shenwei general". Now lets look at the wall of the GreatWall in Badaling. This section of the city wall is about 5.8 meters narrow atthe top and 6.5 meters wide at the bottom. It consists of four basic structures.1、 City wall, two, city tower, three, pass, four, beacon tower. There is aticket door in the wall and a stone ladder in the middle. The top can hold 5horses in parallel. Beacon tower is also known as beacon, beacon, wolf Yantai.It is independent of the city wall, almost every other mile there is a, composedof the Great Wall defense alarm system.

Whenever enemy troops invade, the beacon towers burn beacon fires to conveymilitary information. Burning smoke during the day is called beacon. At night afire is called a flint. And because wolf dung is often used as fuel, the smokeis high and hard to dissipate, so it is also called "wolf smoke". Moreover, itwas stipulated in the Ming Dynasty. More than 100 of the invading soldiers lit acigarette and fired a gun, about 500 soldiers fired two cigarettes and two guns,more than 1000 soldiers fired three cigarettes and three guns, more than 5000soldiers fired four cigarettes and four guns, if more than 10000 soldiers wereinvolved, five cigarettes and five guns.

From Badaling to the south is the famous Xiongguan, Juyong Pass. JuyongPass is one of the most famous passes of the great wall and an important barrierto the northwest of ancient Beijing. It got its name from Qin Shihuangsconstruction of the Great Wall. That is to say, the prisoners and the people whohave been punished in the palace are caught here to let them build the GreatWall. And lived. Juyongguan was called juyongsai in Han Dynasty and junduguan inSui Dynasty. When it was rebuilt in the Ming Dynasty, it became the strongestsection of the Ming Great Wall. There are both military headquarters andadministrative organizations here. Juyong Pass in ancient times was also lushwith extraordinary scenery. Juyong jucui, one of the eight famous scenic spotsin Yanjing, refers to this place. In addition, there are many places ofinterest, such as Yang LIULANGs Shuanmazhuang, Mu Guiyings dianjiangtai, andbaifengzhong, where dragons and phoenixes play. Not only that, but also JuyongGuanzhong has a white jade platform, called Yuntai, which was built in 1345.Because there were three Tibetan pagodas built on the stage and the couponsunder the stage, it was originally called "crossing the street pagoda". In theearly Ming Dynasty, the pagoda was destroyed, and then the Taian temple wasbuilt. In the early Qing Dynasty, the temple was destroyed again, and now thereare only pillar bases and watchposts. There are also six kinds of seal cuttingscriptures in Sanskrit, Tibetan and basiba on the inner wall, which areimportant objects for studying ancient Chinese characters.

Having said so much, let me tell you a story to relax. The name of thestory is called "Meng Jiangnu crying the Great Wall". Its about Qin Shihuangbuilding the Great Wall. At that time, in order to speed up the project, itbegan to draw civil servants from all over the country. Meng Jiangnus husband,fan Qiliang, was also transferred to build the Great Wall soon after herwedding.

In the twinkling of an eye, three years later, fan Qiliang never heard fromhim. Meng Jiangnu couldnt eat well and sleep well. Suddenly, one night. MengJiangnu had a dream that her husband was hungry and cold, and his clothes didntcover her body. She kept shouting "Im cold, Im hungry!" Meng Jiangnu woke upand decided to go to her husband, and brought him dry food and warm clothes. Allthe way along the Great Wall in search of his husband. She went to Shanhaiguanto find out that many people had died to build the Great Wall. Her husband, fanQiliang, was also tired to death and buried under the Great Wall. This news islike a bolt from the blue, Meng Jiangnu immediately began to cry, crying earthshaking, sections of the great wall collapsed, eight hundred miles long. Now theproject manager was in a hurry to report to Qin Shihuang who was coming here toinspect the progress of the project. The first emperor of Qin sent someone toarrest Meng Jiangnu to find out the reason. After seeing her, Qin Shihuang wasfascinated by her beauty and insisted on calling her "empress Zhenggong".Although Meng Jiangnu was full of anger, she still held down her hatred and hadan idea. She had to ask Qin Shihuang to agree to her three conditions before shecould become the "Empress of the palace". The first is to find the body of hishusband fan Qiliang; the second is to hold a state funeral for his husband; andthe third is to ask the first emperor of Qin to wear mourning and flag for fanQiliang. After listening to the three conditions proposed by Meng Jiangnu, thefirst emperor of Qin thought for a moment. In order to get the beautiful MengJiangnu, he insisted. Meng Jiangnu, wearing filial piety, paid homage to thetomb of fan Zhaliang, who died for the construction of the city. Her longcherished wish was fulfilled. Facing the rolling Bohai Sea, she jumped up andthrew herself into the sea.

At the end of the story, do you think Qin Shihuang is fatuous andoverbearing? Lets ignore him first. Start climbing the great wall and be ahero!!

大家好!欢迎大家到八达岭景区观光旅游。今天有幸陪同大家一起参观，我很高兴，希望各位能在八达岭度过一段美好的时光。

长城是我们古代一项极为雄伟的防御性建筑，它东起山海关，西至嘉峪关，横贯我国北部。婉蜒一万两千多里，故以“万里长城”闻名于世。并于1987年被列入《世界文化遗产名录》。被专家学者们称为“世界上最长的防御性城墙”。

中国最早修建长城是在公元前7世纪的春秋时期，最早修筑长城的国家是楚国。楚国长城在历史文献记载上称作“方城”，长度近千里。齐国也是诸侯国中修筑长城较早的国家，齐长城西起山东平阴，东入大海。是春秋时期长城中遗址保存最多的。

秦始皇于公元前220__年统一中国后，先修缮了秦、赵、燕三国北部的部分旧长城。并开始以“修万里城，筑万里人”的代价修建西起临洮、东到辽东，长达7000多千米的长城。从此万里长城巍然屹立于世界的东方，经历千百年的风霜雨雪。

西汉初期，为了抵御侵略和保护新开发的“丝绸之路”。修筑了西起新疆罗布泊，东到辽东，长达一万多千米的长城。这也是我国历史上最长的一条长城。

明朝建立后，面对蒙古和女真的威胁。从朱元璋开始就派大将徐达北上修筑长城。直到明朝灭亡，先后大修十八次，历时260余年。直到弘治20__年，才完成了东起鸭绿江边，西到嘉峪关。途经辽宁、河北、北京、山西、陕西、内蒙古、宁夏、甘肃等省市自治区。全长12700多里的长城。并把长城沿线划分为九个防御区域，称为“九边九镇”。而且还在许多重要关隘地区，特别是北京城的北面，修筑了多重城墙。这些就是我们现在所看到的八达岭长城了。

秦、汉、明三朝在历史上修筑长城的规模，相比其他朝代来讲是最大的。所以说在历史上的三次修筑高潮就是秦朝、汉朝、明朝。

现在，我就来介绍一下八达岭长城。八达岭长城位于北京西北部的延庆县，是北京地区长城中保存最完好，工程质量最佳，结构最严谨的一段。这段长城以瓮城为中心，南至七楼，北到十二楼，全长4770米。它是北京地区通向塞外的唯一通道，是居庸关的前沿阵地。由此地东可到永宁、四海，西可到宣化、大同，南可抵京城，北可通延庆，四通八达，所以叫做八达岭。八达岭关城建于1520__年，城高7.5米，厚4米。东西两门各有一块牌匾，东为“居庸外镇”，西为“北门锁钥”。关城入口处有一尊长2.85米，口径10.5厘米的大炮名叫“神威大将军”。现在请大家看八达岭这段长城的城墙。这段城墙上窄下宽，上窄约5.8米，下宽约6.5米。分别由四种基本构造构成。一、城墙，二、城台，三、关隘，四、烽火台。墙内有券门，中间有石梯相连。顶部可容5匹马并行。烽火台又称烽堠、烽燧、狼烟台。它独立于城墙之外，几乎每隔一里就有一座，组成了万里长城的防御报警系统。

每当有敌兵进犯的时候，烽火台就燃烽火，传递军情。白天燃烟称烽。夜晚举火称燧。又因为经常用狼粪做燃料，烟飘的高又不易消散，所以也叫做“狼烟”。而且，在明朝规定。来犯敌兵百余人点一烟放一炮，五百人左右两烟两炮，千余人以上三烟三炮，五千人以上四烟四炮，如果事万人以上，五烟五炮。

从八达岭一直向南，就是著名的雄关——居庸关了。居庸关是万里长城最有名的关隘之一，为古代北京西北的重要屏障。以秦始皇修长城“徙居庸徒于此”而得名。也就是说把囚犯、和受过宫刑的人，抓到这里来让他们修长城。并且居住了下来。居庸关在汉朝时叫居庸塞，隋朝叫军都关。到了明朝重新修筑后，成了明长城中最坚固的一段。这里既有军事指挥部、又有行政管理机构。古时的居庸关同样林木葱郁，景致非凡，著名的燕京八景之一“居庸叠翠”指的就是这里了。除此之外还有许多名胜古迹，象杨六郎的栓马桩、穆桂英的点将台、游龙戏凤的白凤冢等七十二处名胜。不但如此，而且居庸关中还有一座始建于1345年的汉白玉高台，人称云台。因台上曾建有3座藏式佛塔，台下为券门，故原称“过街塔”。明初佛塔被毁，后又建泰安寺。清朝前期，寺又被毁，现仅有柱础和望柱。内壁还留有用梵文、藏文、八思巴文等6种文字篆刻的经文，是研究我国古代文字的重要实物。

说了这么多了，下面我给大家讲一个故事来放松一下。故事的名字呢就叫做“孟姜女哭长城”。说的是秦始皇修筑长城的事。当时为了加快工程速度，又开始在全国各地抽调民夫。孟姜女的丈夫范杞梁在新婚不久，也被抽调去充当修长城的民夫了。

转眼三年过去了，范杞梁杳无音信，急得孟姜女吃不好睡不香。突然，有一天夜里。孟姜女做梦，梦到他的丈夫饥寒交迫，衣不遮体，还不停的喊“我冷啊，我饿呀!”孟姜女惊醒后决定去找丈夫，并给他带上了干粮和御寒的衣服。一路沿着长城寻找他的丈夫。她四处打听，走到山海关才知道，为修长城死了很多人，丈夫范杞梁也被累死了，并埋在长城下，尸骨都找不到。这一消息如同晴天霹雳，孟姜女顿时就伤心地痛哭起来，哭得惊天动地，长城一段段的倒塌，足有八百里长。这下可急坏了工程总管，急忙去报告正来此巡查工程进展的秦始皇。秦始皇赶忙派人把孟姜女抓来寻问根由。当见到之后，秦始皇却被她的美貌迷住了，非要封她为"正宫娘娘"。孟姜女虽然怒火满腔，但还是压住心头仇恨，灵机一动，将计就计地非要秦始皇答应她三个条件，之后才能当"正宫娘娘"。一要找到丈夫范杞梁的尸体;二要为其丈夫举行国葬;三要秦始皇为范杞梁披麻戴孝、打幡送葬。秦始皇听罢孟姜女提的三个条件，思索片刻，为了得到貌美如花的孟姜女，便硬着头皮答应下来，孟姜女戴着孝拜了为筑城而死的范札梁坟墓后，宿愿已偿，面对滚滚的渤海，纵身一跃，投海自尽了。

故事讲完了，大家觉得秦始皇是不是昏庸霸道?咱们先不管他怎么样。开始登长城做好汉吧!!

各位游客，大家好。我是这次旅游的导游冯奕嘉，我很荣幸能够带领大家去故宫参观旅游，希望我能带给大家最好的服务。

现在展现在我们面前的就是气势雄伟的古代宫殿--故宫了。大家看这个四面就是宫墙，而且宫墙四面都建有高大的城门，南为午门，也就是故宫的正门，北为神武门，东为东华门，西为西华门，这宫墙四门的角楼都是风格独特、造型绮丽的。

现在请跟我一起去故宫中最大的宫殿太和殿看看!这里是明、清皇帝召见百官、发号施令、举行庆典的地方。全殿面阔11间，进深5间，外有廊柱，殿内外共立72跟大柱。殿高35米，殿内净空高达14米，宽63米，面积2377平方米，为全国最大的木构大殿。我再给大家介绍其他的宫殿吧!

现在我们来到了中和殿。中和殿是为帝王太和殿途中的演习礼仪之地。保和殿是皇帝宴请外藩王公贵族和京中文武大臣之处。我们再来看看文华殿，他是明代皇子读书。乾清门是故宫外朝和内廷的分界处，由此向北便是内廷。乾清宫是明、清皇帝居住和处理政务的地方。慈宁宫就是皇上住的地方。你们看过还珠格格这部电视剧吗?它就是在故宫里拍的。

规划严整，气魄雄伟，极为壮观，这就是我国的故宫。无论在平面布局，立体效果以及形式上的雄伟、堂皇、庄严、和谐都属于无与伦比的杰作。它标志着我国悠久的文化传统，显示着500余年前我国在建筑艺术上的卓越成就。

现在大家可以自由参观，可是我要提醒大家一定要注意保持故宫的环境。

THE FORBIDDEN CITY(紫禁城)

(Infront of the meridian gate)

This is the palace museum; also know as the Purple Forbidden City. It isthe largest and most well reserved imperial residence inChinatoday. Under MingEmperor Yongle, construction began in 1406. It took 14 years to build theForbidden City. The first ruler who actually lived here was Ming Emperor Zhudi.For five centuries thereafter,it continued to be the residence of 23 successiveemperors until 1911 when Qing Emperor Puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .In1987, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organizationrecognized the Forbidden City was a world cultural legacy.

It is believed that the Palace Museum, orZi Jin Cheng (Purple ForbiddenCity), got its name from astronomy folklore, The ancient astronomers divided theconstellations into groups and centered them around the Ziwei Yuan(North Star).The constellation containing the North Starwas called the Constellation ofHeavenly God and star itself was called the purple palace. Because the emperorwas supposedly the son of the heavenly gods,his central and dominant positionwould be further highlighted the use of theword purple in the name of hisresidence. In folklore, the term ”an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became ametaphor for auspicious events after apurple cloud was seen drifting eastwardimmediately before the arrival of anancient philosopher, LaoZi, to the HanghuPass. Here, purple isassociated with auspicious developments. The word jin(forbidden) isself-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded andoff-explanatoryas the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits toordinary people.

The red and yellow used on the palace wallsand roofs are also symbolic. Redrepresents happiness, good fortune and wealth.Yellow is the color of the earthon the Loess Plateau, the original home of the Chinese people. Yellow became animperial color during the Tang dynasty, whenonly members of the royal familywere allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.

The Forbidden Cityis rectangular in shape. It is 960 meters long from northto south and 750meter wide from east west. It has 9,900 rooms under a total roofarea 150,000square meters .A 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter―high wallwhich enclosesthe complex. Octagon ―shaped turrets rest on the four corners ofthe wall.There are four entrances into the city: the MeridianGate to the south,the Shenwu Gate(Gate of Military Prowess) to the north, andthe Xihua Gate(Gateof military Prowess) to the north, and the Xihua Gate(Western Flowery Gate )tothe west ,the Donghua (Eastern Flowery Gate) tothe east.

Manpower and materials throughout thecountry were used to build theForbidden City.A total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers wereemployed. Marble wasquarried from fangshan Country Mount Pan in Jixian County inHebei Province.Granite was quarried in Quyang County in Hebei Province. Pavingblockswere fired in kilns in Suzhou in southernChina. Bricksand scarletpigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in Shandong Province.Timber was cut ,processed and hauled from the northwestern and southernregions.

The structure in front of us is the Meridian Gate. It is the main entranceto the forbidden City. It is also knowsas Wufenglou(Five-Phoenix Tower). Mingemperorsheld lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of theChinese lunar year in hornor of their counties .They also used this place forpunishingofficals by flogging them with sticks.

Qing emperors used this building toannounce the beginning of the new year.Qing Emperor Qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremonyfrom ban li(announcement ofcalendar)to ban shou(announcement of new moon )toavoid coincidentalassociation with another Emperor` s name, Hongli, which wasconsidered a tabooat that time. Qing Dynasty emperors also used this place tohold audience andfor other important ceremonies. For example,when the imperialarmy returnedvictoriously from the battlefield ,it was here that the Emperorpresided overthe ceremony to accept prisoners of war.

(After entering the Meridian Gate andstanding in front of the Five MarbleBridges on Golden Water River)

now we are inside the Forbidden City.Beforewe start our tour, I would liketo briefly introduce you to the architectural patterns befour us .To completethis solemn, magnificent and palatial complex,a variety of buildings werearranged on a north-south axis, and8-kilometer-long invisible line that hasbecome an inseparable part of the Cityof Beijing. The Forbidden City coversroughly one ?third of this central axis. Most of the important building in theForbidden City weree arranged along this line. The designand arrangement of thepalaces reflect the solemn dignity of the royal courtand rigidly ?stratifiedfeudal system.

The Forbidden Cityis divided into an outer and an inner count.We are nowstanding on the southern most part of the outer count. In front of us lies theGate of supreme Harmony .The gate is guarded by a pair of bronze lions,symbolizing imperial power and dignity. The lions were the most exquisite andbiggest of its kind.The one on the east playing with a ball is a male, and ballis said to represent state unity. The other one is a female. Underneath one ofits foreclaws is a cub that is considered to be a symbol of perpetual imperialsuccession. The winding brook before us is the Golden Water River. It functionsbothas decoration and fire control .The five bridges spanning the riverrepresentthe five virtues preached by Confucius :benevolence, righteousness,rites,intellence and fidelity. The river takes the shape of a bow and thenorth-southaxis is its arrow. This was meant to show that the Emperors ruled thecountryon behalf of God.

(In front of the Gate of Supreme Harmony)

The Forbidden Cityconsists of an outer countyard and an inner enclosure.The out count yardcovers a vast space lying between the Meridian Gate and theGate of HeavenlyPurity. The “three big halls” of Supreme Harmony, CompleteHarmony and Preserving Harmony constitute the center of this building group.Flanking themin bilateral symmetry are two groups of palaces: Wenhua (ProminentScholars)and Wuying (Brave Warriors) . The three great halls are built on aspacious“H”-shaped, 8-meter-high, triple marble terrace, Each level of thetripleterrace is taller than the on below and all are encircled by marblebalustradescarved with dragon and phoenix designs. There are three carved stonestaircases linking the three architectures .The hall of supreme Harmony is alsothetallest and most exquisite ancient wooden-structured mansion in all ofChina.From thepalace of Heavenly Purith northward is what isknown as the inner court,which is also built in bilaterally symmetrical patterns. In the center are thePalaceof Heavenly Purity, the Hall of Unionand Peace and Palace of EarthlyTranquility, aplace where the Emperors lived with their families and attended tostateaffairs. Flanking these structures are palaces and halls in whichconcubinesand princes lived. There are also three botanical gardens within theinnercount, namely, the imperial Garden, Caning garden and Quailing garden. Aninner Golden Water Riverflows eastwardly within the inner court. The brook windsthrough three minorhalls or palaces and leads out of the Forbidden City.It isspanned by the White Jade Bridge.The river is lined with winding, marble ?carvedbalustrades.

Most of thestructures within the Forbidden City haveyellow glazed tileroofs.

Aside from giving prominence to thenorth-south axis, other architecturalmethods were applied to make every groupof palatial structures unique in termsof terraces, roofs, mythical monstersperching on the roofs and colored, drawingpatterns. With these, the grandcontour and different hierarchic spectrum of thecomplex were strengthened.Folklore has it that there are altogether 9,999room-units in the Forbidden City. Since Paradiseonly has 10,000 rooms, the Sonof Heaven on earth cut the number by half aroom. It is also rumoured that thishalf ?room is located to the west of the Wenyuange Pavilion (imperial library).As a matter of fact, although the Forbidden City has more than 9,000 room-units,this half-room is nonexistent.The Wenyuange Pavilion is a library where “Si KuQuan Shu”- China `s first comprehensive anthology-was stored.

(After walking past the Gate of SupremeHarmony)

Ladies and Gentlemen, the great hall we are approaching is the Hall ofSupreme Harmony, the biggest and tallest of its kingin the Forbidden City. Thisstructure covers a total building space of 2,377 square meters, and is know forits upturned,multiple counterpart eaves . The Hall of Supreme Harmony sits on atriple“H”-shaped marble terrace the is 8 meters high and linked by staircases.The staircase on the ground floor has 21 steps while the middle and upperstairways each have 9.

The construction of the Hall of Supreme Harmony began in 1406. It burneddown three times and was severely damaged onceduring a mutiny. The existingarchitecture was built during the Qing Dynasty.On the corners of the eaves aline of animal-nails were usually fastened to thetiles. These animal-nails werelater replace with mythical animals to ward offevil spirits. There arealtogether 9 such fasteners on top of this hall. The number nine was regarded bythe ancients to be the largest numeral accessibleto man and to which only theemperors were entitled.

There was a total of 24 successive emperorsduring the Ming and Qingdynasties who were enthroned here. The ball was alsoused for ceremonies whichmarked other great occasions: the Winter Solstice,The Chinese Lunar New Year,the Emperor` s birthday, conferral of the title ofempress, the announcement ofnew laws and policies, and dispatches of generalsto war .On such occasions, theEmperor would hold audience for his courtofficials and receive theirtributes.

This area is called the Hall of Supreme Harmony Square, which covers atotal of 30,000 square meters, Without a single tree or plant growing here, thisplace inspires visitors to feel its solemnity and grandeur. In themiddle of thesquare there is a carriageway that was reserved for the Emperor.On both sides ofthe road the groud bricks were laid in a special way sevenlayers lengthwise andeight layers crosswise, making up fifteen layers in all.The purpose of this wasto prevent anyone from tunneling his way into thepalace. In the count yard thereare iron vats for storing water to fight fires.In the whole complex there arealtogher 308 water vats. In winter time, charcoal was burned underneath the vatsto keep the water from freezing .

Why so vast asquare? It was designed to impress people with the hall` sgrandeur andvastness. Imagine the following scene. Under the clear blue sky, theyellowglazed tiles shimmered as the cloud-like layers of terrace, coupled withthecurling veil of burning incense, transformed the hall of supreme Harmony intoafairyland. Whenever major ceremonies were held, the glazed,crane-shapedcandleholders inside the hall would be it, and incense and pinebranches burntin front of the hall. When the Emperor appeared, drums were beatenand musicalinstrument played. Civilian officials and generals would kneel knowinsubmission.

The last Qing emperor Puyi assumed the throne in 1908, at the age of three,His father carried him to the throne. At the start of the coronation, thesuddendrum-beating and loud music caught the young emperor unprepared .He wassoscared that he kept crying and shouting,"I don’t want to stay here."

各位游客:

我们今天所要参观的就是以前皇帝祭天的地方——天坛。明朝永乐皇帝迁都北京以后，在北京南城仿照南京的大祀殿建立了这作用于祭天的圣坛，占地面积达到了273万平方米。主建筑是大祀殿，也就是今天祈年殿的位置上。天坛有外坛墙和内坛墙，北面是圆形，南面是方形，取意天圆地方。

在一开始，祭天和祭地都是天坛，直到明嘉靖年间在北城修建了地坛，才分开的，并且新增了圜丘坛，用于孟冬祭天，把原来的大祀殿改为大享殿，专门用于孟春祈谷，当时殿宇屋顶已经是三重檐了，从上至下的蓝黄绿三色瓦分别代表了天地万物。而在乾隆年间，有将大享殿改为现在的祈年殿，而将屋顶瓦片都改成了蓝色的琉璃瓦。从而形成了今天我们所看到的这个世界上最大的祭天建筑群。可是这样一个祭天圣地，却也曾经在1860年时遭到英法联军的洗劫，继而在1900年的时候又遭到了八国联军的蹂躏。在1916年袁世凯登基的时候也曾经在天坛上演了一出祭天的闹剧。

在1918年，天坛最终还是以公园开放。解放以后天坛不仅成了著名的旅游景点，而且还是北京城市绿地的组成部分，来这里的不光是旅游者，还不乏一些专门为了强身健体的老人们。现在就让我们沿着当年皇帝登坛的路线开始此次游览。现在我们正沿着天坛建筑的中轴线向南行进，将要看到的就是古代皇帝祭天的圜丘坛。圜丘有两道围护墙，使外方内圆，符合天圆地方的说法。每道墙都有四组棂星门，从东面依次是泰元、昭亨、广利、成贞，每组三门，共有24座，称为“云门玉立”。大家可以注意到，棂星门的大小都不一样，这是因为中门是上帝专用的，所以高大;皇帝只能从左侧的门进入;而其他的官员只能从右边最小的门通过。而门外的一座平台就是皇帝在祭天大典之前更换祭服和盥洗的地方，叫做具服台。来到了圜丘坛下，我们马上要开始登坛了，不过我请您留心每层坛面都要有多少台阶。到了最高层，大家也就都发现了，坛上所有的台阶数，护板数都是九或者九的倍数。每登上一层，都要有9层台阶，台面上的石板中间的叫做天心石，外围第一圈砌着9圈巨大的扇形石板，第二圈18块，以此类推，到了最外边的第九

南锣鼓巷是北京最古老的街区之一，也位列规划中的25片旧城保护区之中。南锣鼓巷南北走向，北起鼓楼东大街, 南止地安门东大街， 全长786米， 宽8米，与元大都(1267年)同期建成， 是我国唯一完整保存着元代胡同院落肌理、规模最大、品级最高、资源最丰富的棋盘式传统民居区。

在元大都“左祖右社, 面朝后市”的城市格 局中, 南锣鼓巷是“后市”的组成部分。元 南锣鼓巷图1代, 以南锣鼓巷为轴线, 东侧地区属昭回坊, 西侧地区属靖恭坊。明代属昭回靖恭坊。清代乾隆年间属镶黄旗, 光绪末年至宣统年间属 内左三区。民国时期属内五区。东西各有8条胡同整齐排列着， 呈“鱼骨状”, 又如同一条“蜈蚣”。因此, 南锣鼓巷也 称为“蜈蚣巷”。从南向北，西面的8条胡同是福祥胡同、蓑衣胡同、雨儿胡同、帽儿胡同、景阳胡同、沙井胡同、黑芝麻胡同、前鼓楼苑胡同;东边的8条胡同是炒豆胡同、板厂胡同、东棉花胡同、北兵马司胡同、秦老胡同、前圆恩寺胡同、后圆恩寺胡同、菊儿胡同。这些胡同在元朝时没有名称，名称是明朝以后逐渐演变来的。比如菊儿胡同，明代叫局儿胡同，后来改称橘儿胡同，清代宣统时才称菊儿胡同，后延续至今。她里坊，是中国古代居住区组织的基本单位，也是城市规划建设的基本单位。在先秦称为“里”、“闾”或“闾里”。从北魏开始，出现了“坊”的称呼。唐长安，是当时世界上最大的城市，全城共建108坊。元大都规划设计时仍延续了里坊制，全城分为50坊，坊与坊之间是宽阔平直的街巷，犹如棋盘。

明朝时，将北京划为28坊，两坊合并称“昭回靖恭坊”。清代属镶黄旗。南锣鼓巷曾叫罗锅巷，乾隆20xx年(1750年)绘制的《全城全图》改称为南锣鼓巷。

现在的南锣鼓巷街区北边是鼓楼东大街，南边是地安门东大街，西边是地安门外大街，东边是交道口南大街。由这4条街围合的这块长方形地块，正是元大都的两个坊。以南锣鼓巷为界，东面是“昭回坊”。西边是“靖恭坊”，南锣鼓巷是两坊间的分界巷。

唐朝长安的里坊早已无存，元大都里坊构造在800多年的历史变迁中，也已面目全非，但是，南锣鼓巷地区却还极为完整地保存着元大都里坊的历史遗存。胡同格局那么完整，胡同里各种形制的府邸、宅院多姿多彩。真可谓是北京古都风貌中一块保存完整的“碧玉”。

在北京炎热夏季中一个少有的细雨霏霏的凉爽午后，我又一次来到南锣鼓巷。南锣鼓巷在近几年被时尚人士和国外旅游者关注，是因为从新世纪开始，不经意间，许多酒吧在这条古老的小街上出现。现在这里已经成为继三里屯、什刹海之后，北京又一条酒吧街。

有人说三里屯酒吧街是彩色的，什刹海酒吧街是暗红色的，而南锣鼓巷酒吧街是翠绿色的。这样的评说可能不仅是指自然的色彩，或许还指向其不同的文化内涵吧。这里的每一条胡同都有丰厚的文化积淀，每一个宅院里都诉说着老故事。

Hello, Im director Lin from Fuzhou. Please give me more advice. Welcome tothe "happy time train". First of all, lets start from Beijing!

OK! Now were at the "history and culture" station. Let me tell yousomething: Prince Gongs house was first built in 1776, which is more than 230years old. It was built for Heshen, a corrupt official. Later, Emperor Jiaqingmade 24 charges, so the house was confiscated. Because the last owner is PrinceGong Yixin, it is called Prince Gongs mansion. Please remember that the twoowners of this mansion are the corrupt official Heshen and Prince GongYixin.

Ladies and gentlemen, now we are at the "Fuchi" station. Do you know whyits called "Fu Chi"? Thats right! Because the shape of the pond is like a bat,he Shen wanted to make himself happy, so he chose the homonym "bat". He alsobuilt 999 bat like buildings in the palace.

We walked past the "Fuchi" and came to the picturesque "western gate"station. The door is exquisitely made, brightly colored and unparalleled. Butthis beautiful door is also one of the 24 crimes of Heshen, because it ismodeled on the western gate of Wanshou garden, the royal garden.

After entering the western gate and passing through the Zhulan corridor,you can see the study of Heshen. You can see a very grand building, which is ournext stop - "historical legend". There is a special way to get to the majesticmain hall. There is only one ladder on this road, followed by a straight andgentle slope. It is said that in his life, Heshen suffered only when he wasyoung, and then he went all the way to the top. So we can also cross the bottomof the ladder, throw all the troubles under the ladder, and then go all the waywith a happy mood!

After visiting Prince Gongs mansion unconsciously, please remember: thishistoric building stands in China! In addition, our train has arrived at theterminal. I hope you can have a safe journey and have a pleasant journey!

北京世界公园位于北京丰台区花乡大堡台，总面积 46.7公顷，紧邻花乡森林公园。通过世界五大洲近百个名胜古迹的微缩景观和多采的活动内容，向游客展示了世界各国的建筑、雕塑、绘画、音乐、舞蹈、服饰和餐饮文化。游客在轻松愉快的参观游览过程中能得到丰富的文化享受。 北京世界公园是由丰台区政府与花乡乡政府共同投资 1.5亿元兴建的。公园1991年破土动工，经过建设者们18个月的共同努力奋战，高速度地建成了这座以“不出国门，周游世界”为建设意图的世界公园，并于1993年10月1日正式向 游人开放。

公园整体布局按照五大洲版图划分景区，以世界上40个 国家的 109处著名古迹名胜的微缩景点为主体，荟萃了世界 上最著名的埃及金字塔、法国埃菲尔铁塔、巴黎圣母院、美国白宫、国会大厦、林肯纪念堂、澳大利亚悉尼歌剧院等建筑，以及意大利式、日本式花园等。公园内设东欧、西欧、北欧、北美、 南美、非洲、大洋洲、西亚、东亚、南亚等17个景区，水系分布按照四大洋的形状连通全园。园内的雕塑、雕刻有近百件，自 由女神、尿童、丹麦美人鱼、大卫、维纳斯、肖邦、莫扎特等人 物，精雕细琢，栩栩如生。园内设有激光喷泉、植物迷宫、童话世界等娱乐场所。公园内还建有集餐饮、购物、娱乐于一身的、体现异国情调的国际街及国际民俗村。国际街位于公园的东 北角，长约200米，面积1.5万平方米，是具有欧美风格的建 筑群体，其中有意大利名店街、德国歌德美食大楼、瑞士洛桑礼品街等，主要经营各国风味及旅游纪念品，开展富有异国特 色的娱乐活动等。

北京世界公园大部分景物按1比10的比例进行缩建，这种大比例的微景建筑，为目前亚洲之最。 整个公园因地制宜，布局讲究，建筑宏丽，美景荟萃，目不暇接，世界风光，令人神往。广大中外游客至此，能用一天的时间饱览世界所有最著名的名胜古迹，多 少人的梦想今天在这里变为了现实。在作模拟环球旅行的过程中，不仅可以尽情饱览世界各地的奇观胜景，领略各国的风土人情，欣赏大千世界的民俗大观，而且还可品味异国美食，购买旅游纪念品和进行各种趣味游乐活动，实现不离京城，就可畅游世界佳景的梦想呢!

哈喽!大家好，我是棒棒糖旅行社的导游，我姓楼，名子凡，大家就叫我小楼吧!我们今天要旅行的是长城，希望大家和我一起度过一段美好时光。

北京有八达岭长城、慕田峪长城、居庸关长城、箭扣长城、司马台长城，今天，我们要爬的是居庸关长城。

居庸关长城周长4000余米，这还只是长城的一部分呢!长城东起山海关，西至嘉峪关，有一万三千多里。相传秦始皇修筑长城时，将囚犯、士卒和强征来的民夫徙居于此，后名“徙居庸徒”之意，故名居庸关。因为它旁边的山上树木葱郁，山花烂漫，景色瑰丽，所以大家都把它称为“居庸叠翠”。

我们先来到“天下第一雄关”，这是一块石碑，上面刻着“天下第一雄关”的字样，中国有两个“天下第一雄关”，一个是长城重点嘉峪关，另一个就是居庸关，原本居庸关不是“天下第一雄关”，因为这段长城是很重要的一道关口，所以后来也被称为“天下第一雄关”，有兴趣的游客可以拍个照，不过请快一点，待会儿就要爬长城了。

大家跟上，爬长城不要掉队。长城很陡，注意安全。大家看，这种凹凸不平的墙叫垛子，上面有瞭望口和射口，供瞭望和射击用。看见那些城台没?是屯兵的堡垒，每当打仗时，受到伤害的士兵可以在里面做临时治疗。

接下来，我们来到城台下，大家可以进去参观一下古代屯兵的城台，注意不要乱涂乱画，这可是古代的历史文物呢!

加油，到顶了!这里很凉爽，很舒服，为什么长城断开了?因为山脉和河流的阻挡因此而断开的，大家休息一下，半小时后会合。

今天旅程到此结束，希望听了我的讲解后大家对长城有更好的了解，再见!

北京颐和园英文导游辞

The tour will take 4-6 hours. The route is as follows:

Out side the East Gate-side the East Gate –in front of the Hall of benevolence and Longevity- in front of Garden of Virtuous Harmony-in front of the Grand Theater Building- a lakeside walk from the Garden of Virtuous Harmony to the Hall o Jade Ripples- in front of the o Jade Ripples- in front of the Yiyunguan (Chamber of Mortal Being)-Hall of happiness and longevity- in front of the Yaoyue (Chamber of Mortal Beings)-Hall of Happiness and Longevity-in front of the Yaoyue(Inviting the Moon ) Gate of the Long Corridor- strolling along the Long Corridor- visiting an exhibition of cultural relics- in front of the Hall of Dispelling Clouds- inside the Hall of Dispelling Clouds- atop the Tower of Buddhist Incense- on a hilltop leading from the back door of the Tower of Buddhist Incense- on a hilltop leading from the back door of the Tower of Buddhist Incense- inside the Garden of Harmonious Interest –outside the south gate to Suzhou Shopping Street- atop the stone bridge inside the Suzhou shopping street –on the road from the south gate of suzhou shopping street- on the road form the south gate of suzhou shopping street to the marble boat- in front of the ruins of the Garden of complete spring –along the lakeside by the marble boat-boating on the Kunming Lake-leaving out through the East Gate.

(Out side the east gate)

Ladies and Gentlemen: Welcome to the Summer Palace. (After the self-introduction of the guide -interpreter) I hope this will be an interesting and enjoyable day for you .

During our tour, you will be introduced to time honored historical and cultural traditions, as well as picturesque views and landscapes.

The construction of the Summer Palace first started in 1750. At that time, the Qing Dynasty was in its heyday and China was a powerful Asian country with vast territories. The monarch in power then was Emperor Qianlong. With supreme power and large sums of money, he summoned skillful and ingenious artisans from all over the country to carry out this construction work in honor of his mother `s birthday. After 15 years and one seventh of the nation` s annual revenue spent, the Garden of Clear Ripples was completed and served as a testimony to China` s scientific and technological achievements. In 1860, this vast royal garden was burnt down along with the Yuanming Yuan (Garden of Perfection and Brightness) by Angol-French allied forces. In 1888, Empress Dowager Cixi reconstructed the garden on the same site and renamed it the Garden of Nurtured Harmony (Summer Palace). Characterized by its vast scope and rich cultural embodiments, the Summer Palace has become one of the most famous tourist sites in the world.

This is the main entrance to the Summer Palace-the East Gate On top of the eaves of the door there is a plaque bearing a Chinese inscription which means “Garden of Nurtured Harmony” , whose calligrapher was Emperor Guangxu. The gate that you are now entering was used exclusively by the emperor, the empress and the queer mother. All others used the side doors.

(Inside the East Gate)

the Summer Palace can be divided into two parts: Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake .The whole garden covers an area of 290 hectares, of whih three- fourths consists of a lake and rivers .This imperial garden features 3,000 room-units and covers an expanse of 70,000 square meters with more than 100 picturesque spots of interest. The layout of the Summer Palace includes three groups of architectures: palaces where the emperor attended to state affairs, resting palaces of the emperor and empress, and sightseeing areas. Entering the East Gate we will come the the office quarters. Entering the East gate we will come to the office quarters. The annex halls on both sides were used for officials on duty.

This is the Gate of Benevolence and Longevity. Above the door there is a plaque bearing the same name in both Chinese and Manchurian characters. The gigantic rock in the foreground is known as Taihu rock, or eroded limestone, quarried in Jiangsu Province and placed here to decorated the garden.

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大家好!我是一位小小导游。大家好!我是你们这次游览的导游。大家可以叫我小陈。今天是个好天气，认识你们很高兴，如果有什么问题，可以找我帮忙。祝大家旅行愉快!

请大家跟我去停车场乘坐大巴，长城在北京郊区，一百公里以外，我们要坐两个小时的车。

大家都坐好了吗?我们出发了。现在我就给出大家介绍一下着名的世界遗产——长城。

毛主席曾经说过：“不到长城非好汉。”今天，你们要登长城做好汉了!祝贺你们!长城是中国的像征，身为中华儿女的我们，又怎么能不骄傲呢?

大家记得古时候有一个传说吗?那是勤劳的孟姜女为了找被官兵捉去建筑长城的丈夫，经过许多艰难困苦，来到长城边。当她四处打听，才知道丈夫被活活地累死了，于是，她在长城哭了三天三夜。突然，只听”轰隆“一声，长城被哭倒了800里。孟姜女终于见到了自己死去的丈夫。游客们，这是多么感人的故事啊，可见，万里长城凝结了千万人民的血汗，是中华人民智慧的结晶。

长城从东头的山海关到西头的嘉峪关，有一万三千多里。我们今天去看的是最有名的八达岭长城。大家请跟我来。看，长城高大坚固，是用巨大的条石和城砖筑成的。城墙顶上铺着方砖，十分平整，像很宽的马路，五六匹马可以并行。城墙外沿有两米多高的成排的垛子，垛子上有方形的瞭望口和射口，供瞭望和射击用。城墙顶上，每隔三百多米就有一座方形的城台，是屯兵的堡垒。打仗的时候，城台之间可以互相呼应。现在，大家站在长城上远眺，是不是前看不到头，后见不着尾呢?

游客们，我先介绍到这里了，请大家慢慢欣赏。

大家注意了，在游览时，不要乱丢垃圾，乱涂乱画，爱护长城这一人们用血汗换来的世界遗产。

今天我要给大家讲一下陕西历史博物馆!

如果你去过西安，陕西历史博物馆是比去之处，你要去看看那的文物，是十四朝的古都，占地56000平方米，里面分周、六国、秦、三国、汉、晋、隋、唐六个区域，那我就给大家说三个吧!

周朝很特殊，那时几乎没有部队，也不打仗，老百姓过着无忧无虑的生活，一个叫“嬴政”的人觉得，生活在这个朝代不好，于是他招兵买马，大家都像嬴政靠拢，第一天拿下了潼关，十天后陕西的一半都被秦拿下了，二十天后周军逃亡浙江一带，秦拿下陕西。

六国之战完后，秦统一了中国，秦还未统一中国十年，项羽、刘邦就结盟，攻打秦国。开始在秦始皇的引导下，秦防守的非常出色，一个月来一个城都未被攻下来，让刘邦、项羽无法下手，可有一天秦始皇病死了，让他的儿子接班，儿子很不争气，吃喝玩乐不管国家大事，自以为爸爸的军队多么出色，不一会上海、浙江、安徽、湖南、山西就丢了，湖南、山西可是陕西的盾牌啊!可他并没有进攻，只是防守，又说湖北、四川被攻下，加上突厥来捣乱，不到一个月陕西就被攻下了。这让我懂得了强久必弱，弱久必强。

我爱陕西博物馆，我爱西安，这次游览使我终身难忘。

he Ming Tombs are 40 kilometers north of Beijing City on the southernslopes of Tianshou Mountain. They are the burial grounds of 13 Ming Dynastyemperors. In July 20___ the site was designated a world cultural heritage siteby UNESCO.

Empress Xu died in the 5th year of Yongle (1407). Zhu Di sent

Zhao Hong, secretary of the Ministry of Rites and a geomancer----LiaoJunqing along with many others to Beijing in search of an auspicious place forthe tombs. It is said that this group of people first selected the area of TuJia Ying, which means slaughter-house, and as such, it couldnt be used as theburial ground. Next they selected the foot of Yangshan Mountain, Changping.However, since the surname of the emperor (Zhu) is a homophone for pig andbecause a village named wolf mouth ravine was located there, they decidedagainst using that area. Later, they found Yan-jiatai west of Beijing. Again,since Yanjia was the homonym of the death of the emperor, it was also deemedunsuitable. It was not until the 7th year of Yongle (1409), that they finallychose the present Heavenly Longevity Mountain as their cemetery grounds.

The whole area covers 40 square kilometers. It has mountains to its east,west and north, and Dragon Mountain and Tiger Mountain are on either side of itssouthern entrance. The 13 tombs go from north to south. They are arranged in themanner of the Imperial Palace, with the administration area in the front andliving quarters in the rear. In front of the tombs are divine passes, stonearchways and steel towers. The Precious City and Ming Tower stand over theUnderground Palace.

There were 16 emperors during the Ming Dynasty. Buried in the Ming tombs,are 13 Ming emperors and 23 empresses, as well as many concubines, princes,princesses and maids. The other 3 emperors, Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, Zhu Yunwenand Zhu Qiyu are buried in other locations.

The founder of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, established his capital inpresent day Nanjing where he was buried after his death. His tomb is calledXiaoling (Tomb of Filial Piety).

The body of the second emperor of the Ming, Zhu Yunwen, is missing. Somesaid that he died in a fire, while others said that he went to a temple andbecame a monk. There is no final conclusion yet.

The seventh Ming Emperor Zhu Qiyu, was buried as a prince by his elderbrother Zhu Qizhen at Jinshankou, a western suburb of Beijing, because in theTumubao Upheaval, Emperor Zhu Qizhen became a captive and the younger brother ofZhu Qizhen. Zhu Qiyu was chosen as the new emperor, but later Zhu Qizhen wasback and proclaimed his re-enthronement in the Seizing Gate Upheaval.

The Memorial Arch was built in the 19th year of Jiajing (1540) as a symbolof the Ming Tombs. It is 14 meters high and 28. 86 meters wide, and has 5 archessupported by 6 pillars with beautiful bas-relief carvings of lions, dragons andlotus flowers. The Memorial Arch is the biggest and the most exquisite stonearch preserved in the country today. The major designs of dragon and clouddecorations reflect the character of imperial architecture. In addition, it alsodemonstrates the skillful artistry of the Ming craftsmen.

The Big Palace Gate is the front gate of the Ming Tombs, and is morecommonly known as Big Red Gate. Facing south, there are three arch entrances tothe gate, the main inlet to the Ming Tombs. Flanking the gate are two stonetablets, inscribed with orders for the emperor, officials and other people todismount, before entering into the tomb area. If they did not obey, they wouldbe punished for their disrespect. The rules governing the Ming Tombs in the MingDynasty, stipulate that one who sneaks into the tomb area to pick firewood andbreak twigs would be flogged. Those who came to fetch dirt and stone would bebeheaded. Those who entered arbitrarily into the tomb area would be flogged ahundred times.

The Tablet House was built in the 10th year of Xuande (1435), and standsabout 10 meters high with two tiers of eaves. A huge tablet stands in the middleof the Tablet House. The front side bears an inscription by Emperor Renzong forChengzu. The reverse side is a poem by Qing Emperor Qianlong recording in detailthe conditions of the broken Changling, Yongling, Dingling and Xiling. On theeast side is the record of expenditures for repairing the Ming Tombs by the Qinggovernment. On the west side is an epitaph by Qing Emperor Jiaqing. It waswritten in the 9th year of Jiaqing (1804) describing the cause of the fall ofthe Ming Dynasty.

On the north side of the Tablet House, stands a group of stone carvings (36in all). Behind the house, there are two stone pillars. Beyond the pillars arestone animals and other statues. Lions, Xie Zhi, camels, elephants, and Qi Linhorses .All of the animals are in two pairs. Two stand, while the other twokneel. It is followed by the statues of military officers, civil officials andofficials of merit, four in each group. These stone animals and statues weremade in the 10th year of Xuande (1435). They reflect the imperial power when hewas alive and the imperial dignity after he was deceased. The animals andstatues were created using whole blocks of stone weighing a couple of tons andeach was delicately and masterfully carved.

Here stands Ling Xing Gate, also known as the unique Dragon and PhoenixGate, with the meaning of the Gate of Heaven. The gate is pierced with six doorleaves, attached to three archways. The top of the central section of the threearchways is decorated with flames and precious pearl, so it is also known as theFlame Archway. To the north of the Dragon and Phoenix Gate there lays aseven-arch marble bridge, leading to the gate of Changling. To the east of theseven-arch bridge stands an old five-arch bridge, which was the original site ofthe seven-arch bridge.

Actually we are standing on the axle line of the Ming Tombs, otherwiseknown as the Sacred Way or the Tomb path. We passed the Memorial Arch, the BigPalace Gate, the Tablet House, Sacred Way, stone animals and statues, and LingXing Gate. This seven-kilometer long sacred pathway leads from south to north,all the way to the Gate of Changling.

Now, we are moving to Chang Ling. Changling is the first tomb built in theMing Tombs area, covering 10 hectares and containing Emperor Zhu Di and hisempress Xu.

Zhu Di (Chengzu) of the Ming Dynasty was the fourth son of the firstEmperor Zhu Yuanzhang, born in 1360. Zhu Di was conferred the title of theprince of Yan in the 3rd year of Hongwu (1370). He was appointed at Beiping.After the death of Zhu Yuanzhang (the first Ming Emperor), Zhu Di used thepretext of eliminating evil officials at the side of Emperor Jianwen to lead anarmy expedition down south to Nanjing. He seized the throne in the 4th year ofJianwen (1402) and ascended the throne in June inside the Hall of AncestralWorship in Nanjing. Zhu Di was an emperor of outstanding accomplishment in theMing Dynasty. As soon as he became the prince of Yan, he led the generals out tobattle. He had great achievements in calming down the north. After he took overhis nephews power and became the emperor, he still went out to battle throughoutthe country and consolidated the rule of the Ming Dynasty. He made the importantdecision to move the capital to Beijing. During the rule of Zhu Di, magnificentdevelopments were made in the economy, culture and in diplomacy. In terms ofculture, Zhu Di successively sent Grand Academician Xie Jin, Yan Guangxiao andothers to compile the Yongle encyclopedia. The book has become the largest bookever complied in Chinese history. For expanding external exchanges and trade,Zhu Di selected eunuch Zheng He to lead a large fleet filled with precious gold,silver, silk and satins to sail to southeast Asia and Africa seven times in theearly years of Yongle.

Empress Xu was buried together with Emperor Zhu Di in Changling. EmpressXushi was the eldest daughter of Xu Da who was one of the founding fathers ofthe Ming Dynasty. Throughout her lifespan, Xu Shi complied 20 articles ofinternal lectures and a book advising to be good, so as to cultivate peoplesminds. She was the very first one to be buried in Changling and in the Ming Tombarea.

The Hall of Eminent Favor in Changling is the best preserved among thethirteen tombs. It is a valuable relic of ancient Chinas wooden structures. Itis nine rooms wide and five rooms long, a hall size rarely seen in China. Theroof is made of top-class double eaves and there are multiple rooms covered withyellow glazed tiles. The hall is supported by 60 thick Nanmu pillars, the middlefour in the hall are the thickest, the diameter of each one can reach over onemeter. It is known as the best Nanmu (phoebe) hall in the country.

Now we are going to Dinging. Dingling is located at the east foot of DayuMountain. Buried here are the 13th Ming Emperor Wanli (Zhu Yijun) and his twoempresses Xiaoduan and Xiaojing. Zhu Yijun was the longest on the throne of theMing Emperors. (He was emperor for 48 years). He was the greediest and laziestemperor in the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Yijun ascended the throne at the age of 9.After he came to power, he was supported by the chief minister Zhang Juzheng. Atthis time, various aspects of society gained development.

Later ,Zhang Juzheng died of illness. Not long after Wanli managed stateaffairs on his own, he used the chance to select the location for his tomb sitewhen he went to pay homage to the ancestors tombs. He spent eight million taelsof silver (250,000 kilos of silver) and six years to build a high quality tombDingling. After the Dingling was completed, Zhu Yijun personally went to inspectit, and felt very satisfied with the result. He went so far as to hold a grandbanquet in the Underground Palace, which was unheard of in history.

Zhu Yijun was a typical muddle-headed emperor. Reflecting on his reign, hedid not pay attention to state affairs for 28 out of his 48 year rule. The stateorgan was effectively semi-paralyzed during his reign. Later generationscommented that the fall of the Ming dynasty was caused by this emperor.

Zhu Yijun had two empresses. Empress Xiaojing was originally a maid ofWanlis mother Cisheng. Later she gave birth to a son of the emperor. That sonwas the one-month emperor Guangzong (Zhu Changluo). She died of illness 9 yearsearlier than Shenzong died. She was buried as a concubine at Pinggangdi, aroundthe east pit, at the Heavenly Longevity Mount. After Xiaojing was conferred thetitle of “grandmother of the emperor”, her body was moved to the UndergroundPalace of Dingling, and buried together with Emperor Wanli and Empress Xiaoduanon the same day. Xiaoduan was conferred the title of empress, but she could notgive birth to either a son or a daughter to the emperor. Xiaoduan died ofillness. A hundred days later, Emperor Wanli (Zhu Yijun) died too. EmpressXiaoduan, Emperor Wanli, and Empress Xiaojing were buried together in theUnderground Palace.

The tablet in front of Dingling has no words on it. It is called thewordless tablet. There is a pair of coiling dragons along the top and a patternof sea waves carved on the bottom. Its base is composed of a tortoise (Bixi). Itis said that the dragon has nine sons. In twelve of the Ming Tombs, excludingChangling, all the tablets are wordless. Originally there were no tablet housesin front of the Tombs, but later the tablet houses and steeles of the first sixtombs were completed. But the emperor Jiajing at the time indulged in drinking,lust and searching for longevity pills, so he had no time to pay attention onthe inscriptions. Consequently the six tablets are wordless. And in keeping withthis tradition, that’s why the tablets later on are also blank.

Now we are arriving at The Gate of Eminent Favor and the Hall of EminentFavor of Dingling, The Hall of Eminent Favor is also called Hall of Enjoyment.It was the place where the emperor and his entourage held grand sacrificialrites. They were mostly destroyed when the Qing soldiers came. And they weredestroyed again later, so now only the ruins remain.

Moving on, this is the exhibition rooms that were built after theexcavation of the Underground Palace. The exhibition explains in detail thehistory of the tomb master and introduces the tomb excavation process. Theexhibition rooms are divided into two parts, the south and the north. In thesouth room, on display are the sacrificial objects of Emperor Wanli unearthedfrom the Underground Palace. In the north room, on display are the sacrificialitems of the two empresses. All of then are fancy and invaluable.

Now we arrive at The Soul Tower, this is the symbol of the tomb. It is astone structure with colorful painted decorations. The Soul Tower and thePrecious citadel of Dingling have never been damaged seriously. The Soul Toweris the best preserved architecture above the ground of Dingling. On top of theyellow, glazed tiled roof of the Soul Tower sits a big stone tablet. Two Chinesecharacters----Dingling, are carved on the tablet. Inside the Soul Tower, on topof another stone tablet, there are two big characters----the Great Ming writtenin seal characters. On the body of the tablet, seven Chinese characters-----Tombof Emperor Shenzong Xian are carved. The Soul Tower is connected with thePrecious Citadel. The Precious Citadel is a large round wall built with bricks.The Precious Citadel wall is 7.5 m high, and lower part is thick while the upperpart is thin. The round walls perimeter is over 800 meters, and inside the wallis a large artificial mound, the emperors tomb mound, known as Precious Top.

Dingling is the only Ming Tomb to be excavated. Formal excavation workstarted in May 1956 and ended in 1958. First, the working personnel discoveredan exposed gateway at the side wall to the southwest of the Precious Citadel ofDingling. So they dug the first tunnel facing the position of the gateway. Atthe bottom of the tunnel, they discovered a tunnel made of bricks. Three monthslater, along the direction of the tunnel, to the west of the Soul Tower, theydug the second tunnel. During the digging, they encountered with a stone tabletwhich inscribed the words from here 48. 8m forward and 10. 7m downward lies theprecious wall. Therefore it gave the correct direction of opening up theUnderground Palace.

According to the direction of the stone tablet, after digging the thirdtunnel, they found a stone tunnel. At last they got to the precious wall. Thusthey opened the precious wall with a square stone room. To the west end of theroom, lay two marble doors. The working personnel used a wire and wood plank toremove the self-acting stone bar, which was against the back of the door. Withthis method, they opened the entrance of the Underground Palace.

The palace has no beam which was built according to the principles ofgeomancy Altogether there are five chambers. The chambers are separated by sevenmarble doors. The Underground Palace is 27 meters deep, covering an area of1,195 square meters. There is a same structure stone door in between the front,middle and rear chambers. The door is made of marble. The biggest marble door is3. 3 meters high, 1.7 meters wide, 4 tons in weight. It looks heavy, but it isreasonably designed. The pivot of the stone door is inclined to the door axle,so the door is easy to open and close. On top of the door is a lintel (made ofbronze) tube weighing about 10 tons to prevent the door from falling. Carved onthe front of the marble door are 9 rows of 81 knobs and strange animals withrings in their mouths. Located on the reverse side, opposite the animals, is aprotruding section that holds the doors self-acting stone bar.

The front and middle chambers are 7. 2 meters high and 6 meters wide. Thefloor is covered with gold bricks. According to records, the gold bricks aresmooth and durable. The more you polish them, the brighter they become. Thereare no decorations in the front and two annex chambers. In the middle chamber,there are three marble thrones for Emperor Wanli and his two Empresses, known asthe precious thrones. In the front of the thrones, there are five yellow glazedofferings and one blue-and-white porcelain jar of Jiajing Years style with acloud-and-dragon design. It is about 0.7 meters in diameter. Originally therewas sesame oil in the jar. On the surface of the oil was a copper tube with awick inside. It is called the everlasting lamp. Due to the lack of oxygen, thelight went out so the oil had not been used all.

The rear chamber is the biggest of the three. It is 9.5 meters high, 31meters long, 9.l meters wide, the floor is paved with polished stones. In therear chamber, there is a coffin platform edged with white marble. Placed on theplatform are the coffins of Emperor Wanli and his two Empresses as well as 26vermilion boxes filled with funeral objects.

In the middle of the coffin platform, there is a rectangular hole filledwith soil called Gold Well. Putting jade stone around the coffin or inside thecoffin or in the mouth of the deceased is called being buried with jade. Ancientpeople believed Gold Well was the pit of geomancy. It could prevent the bodyfrom decay for a long time. Being buried with jade on a Gold Well was thehighest standard of entombment one could receive in the feudal era.

Originally the empresss coffin should have been placed in the rear chamber.Then why were the coffins of the two empresses also in the same chamber as theemperors? In 1620, first empress Xiaoduan died in April, then in July EmperorWanli also died. After that, the son of Zhu Changluo died 29 days after hissuccession. In only a few months, two emperors and one empress had died insuccession. In addition they had removed Empress Xiaojings coffin to Dingling.All the burdens of the funeral burials fell on the just enthroned Emperor ZhuYoujian. The preparation work was done in a hurried fashion (this was clearlyrecorded in historical documents). The rainy season had already arrived beforethe funeral could occur and the passage leading to the empress annex chamber maynot have been convenient to open. So the coffins of the emperor, empresses allentered the Underground Palace through the front entrance. After the coffinsentered the Underground Palace, since the passage to the annex chambers werenarrow, the coffins of the empresses would not fit through it. So they had toput all the three coffins together into the rear chamber.

Now please follow me out of the underground palace. And our tour for todayis completed. I hope you have found our time together informative and enjoyable.We now have half an hour for a rest, and then we will get together here at4:00pm. Thank you.

大觉寺位于江苏省宜兴市西南山区横山水库东北隅，依山傍水。地处天目山余脉，与风景优美的横山水库毗邻。 大觉寺的前身为白塔寺，位于宜兴市西渚镇白塔村，与大觉寺新址垂直距离约3公里。据当地史料记载，白塔寺为禅宗临济宗道场。南宋咸淳(1265年-1274年)年间，由志宁禅师创建，至今约有七百多年历史;清干隆(1736年-1796年)年间，以超界仁禅师重新整修寺院后，寺名更改为集贤山大觉院;清道光(1820xx年-1850年)年间，广法法师担任住持和尚期间，再将寺名更改为白塔山大觉禅院;随后，太平天国之乱战火四起，大觉禅院因饱受战乱之苦而严重毁损;民国初年，临济宗第四十七代弟子志开和尚担任住持，寺院再因文革而遭受破坏，旧址至此难以复原;第四十八代弟子星云大师跨海赴台，创立佛光山，后重返宜兴，复兴祖庭，重修大觉寺，选址西渚镇横山水库旁王飞岭岕重建，占地千亩，依山傍水，翠竹环绕。星云大师之重建宜兴大觉寺，除报师恩外，更期为两岸佛教之交流、神州佛教之复兴有所裨益。大觉寺建址位于横山水库东侧，鸡龙山岕，周边资源优越，依山傍水，形成独特的地域景观特色，是现代与古文化的结合，具有仿古的江南建筑风格，通过佛教文化的引入，传播佛教思想。

20xx年，吴伯雄率-访问团来大陆，行程包括南京、北京、上海、宜兴等地。此番行程经由媒体披露后，之前鲜为人知的宜兴大觉寺旋即成为大众关注的焦点。

大觉寺是中国台湾佛教界高僧星云法师的祖庭。笃信佛教的吴伯雄此次到大觉寺为四川地震遇难同胞祈福，星云法师将主持慰灵仪式。

大家好!我叫萌萌，是大家的导游，大家可以叫我萌导。今天，我们要观光世界遗产----北京故宫。

现在我给大家介绍一下。故宫，又称紫禁城，是明清两代的皇宫，故宫是世界是现存规模最大最完整的古代木结构建筑群，为我国现存最大最完整的古代木结构建筑群。它始建于明永乐四年(公元1460年)，厉时十四年才完工，共有24位皇帝先后在此登基。历史很悠久。紫禁城占地72万多平方米，共有宫殿9000多间，都是黄琉璃瓦顶、青白石底座，饰以金碧辉煌的彩画。故宫标志着我们祖国悠久的文化传统，显示着五百多年前匠师们在建筑上的卓越成就。 我们到了，大家请下车。您看，这就是故宫里最吸引人的建筑是三座大殿：太和殿、中和殿和保和殿。它们建在汉白玉砌成的8米高的台基上，远望犹如神话中的琼宫仙阙，都有黄琉璃瓦顶、青白石底座，金碧辉煌的彩画，。第一 座大殿太和殿是最富丽堂皇的建筑，俗称“金銮殿”，是皇帝举行大典的 地方，殿高28米，东西63米，南北35米，柱子是沥粉金漆的蟠龙柱。御座设在殿内高2米的台上，前有造型 美观的仙鹤、炉、鼎，后面有精雕细刻的围屏。整个大殿装饰得金碧辉煌， 庄严绚丽。中和殿是皇帝去太和殿举行大典前稍事休息和演习礼仪的地方。 保和殿是每年除夕皇帝赐宴外藩王公的场所。

接下来我们去故宫博物院吧。跟大家说，故宫博物院藏有大量珍贵文物，据统计总共达1052653件之多， 统称有文物100万件，占全国文物总数的1/6，其中有很多是绝无仅有的国 宝。在几个宫殿中设立了历代艺术馆、珍宝馆、钟表馆等。故宫博物院里有一套清代金银珠云龙纹甲胄，通身缠绕着16条龙，形 状生动，穿插于云朵之间。甲胄是用约60万个小钢片连结起来的，每个钢 片厚约1毫米，长4毫米，宽1.5毫米，钻上小孔，以便穿线连结。据说，为 制造这套甲胄，共用了4万多个工时。

接下来请各位慢慢欣赏故宫。注意有带小孩的家长看好孩子，请大家互相照顾。要保护珍惜文物。祝大家玩得开心，再见!

游客朋友们：

您们好，欢迎您到北海公园参观游览。

北海公园位于北京市的中心，是我园现存最悠久、保存最完整的皇家园林之一，距今已有近千年的历史

北海园林的开发始于辽代，金代又在辽代初创的基础上于大定十九年(1179年)建成规模宏伟的太宁宫。太宁宫沿袭我国皇家园林“一池三山”的规制，并将北宋汴京艮岳御园中的太湖石移置于琼华岛上。至元四年(1267年)，元世祖忽必烈以太宁宫琼华岛为中心营建大都，琼华岛及其所在的湖泊被划入皇城，赐名万寿山、太液池永乐十八年(1420xx年)明朝正式迁都北京，万寿山、太液池成为紫禁城西面的御苑，称西苑。明代向南开拓水面，形成三海的格局。清朝承袭明代的西苑，乾隆时期对北海进行大规模的改建，奠定了此后的规模和格局。辛亥革命后，1920xx年北海辟为公园对外开放。1949年新中国成立后，党和政府对北海公园的保护极为重视，拨巨资予以修葺，1961年被国务院公布为第一批全园重点文物保护单位。

北海是中国历史园林的艺术杰作。全园占地69公顷(其中水面39公顷)，主要由琼华岛、东岸、北岸景区组成琼华岛上树木苍郁，殿宇栉比，亭台楼阁，错落有致，白塔耸立山巅，成为公园的标志，环湖垂柳掩映着濠濮间、画舫斋、静心斋、天王殿、快雪堂、九龙壁、五龙亭、小西天等众多著名景点，北海园林博采众长，有北方园林的宏阔气势和江南私家园林婉约多姿的风韵，并蓄帝王宫苑的富丽堂皇及宗教寺院的庄严肃穆，气象万千而又浑然一体，是中国园林艺术的瑰宝。北海位于北京故宫西北，是我国现存历史悠久、规模宏伟的一处古代帝王宫苑。素有人间“仙山琼阁”之美誉这里原是辽、金、元、明、清五个朝代的皇家“离宫御苑 明、清两代，北海与中海、南海合称三海清乾隆年间大规模扩建，现存建筑多为那时所建，基本上已是现在的格局了。

北海全区可分为琼华岛、团城、北海东岸与北岸四个部分琼华岛是全园的中心，岛上建筑、造景繁复多变，堪称北海胜景东部以佛教建筑为主，永安寺、正觉殿、白塔，自下而上，高低错落，其中尤以高耸入云的白塔最为醒目;西部以悦心殿、庆霄楼等系列建筑为主，另有阅古楼、漪澜堂、双虹榭和许多假山隧洞、回廊、曲径等建筑。

北海东、北两岸有建筑群多处，各具特色，有画舫斋、濠濮涧、静心斋、天王殿、小西天、五龙亭、九龙壁等园中园和佛寺建筑北海南为屹立于水滨的团城，以永安桥与琼华岛相连;团城上的建筑按中轴线对称布置，主殿承光殿位于中央，规模宏大，造型精巧。北海公园的面积为68公顷，其中水面约占39公顷总观北海全园的建筑布局，以白塔为中心，以琼华岛为主体的四面景观。山顶耸立的白塔建于清顺治八年(1651年)，内藏有喇嘛经卷和衣钵等四周殿阁相连，形成众星捧月之势湖东岸、北岸有几处庭院、寺庙建筑湖边的五龙亭似飘若动，构成了北海的又一独特景致。位于北岸的九龙壁更是气势磅礴，为中国仅有的三个九龙壁之一园中的“仿膳饭庄”以经营清宫风味菜肴著称。

北京龙庆峡被人们誉为北京的“小漓江”。龙庆峡水库高耸的大坝相连着两座山，其宽有四五十米，大坝犹如一把白色的巨锁把龙锁住了。登上大坝俯瞰北面，墨绿色的水面倒影着山峦和白云。东西的两座山，峭壁直立，象刀切似的，足有几十丈高，“龙庆峡”可能由此峡而得名。当你划船而渡，大有“山重水复疑无路”、“柳暗花明又一村”之感。水似飘罗带，曲曲弯弯，山不转水转，仿佛永无尽头，每转一山就是一景。那千姿百态的山和石，有的像出鞘的剑，有的像举起的大锤，有的像昂首的虎，有的像扭着头的象……因此人们根据它们的形状取名为“震山如来”、“鸡冠子山”、“金缸山”等等。

两边的崖岸之上，有镇山如来、石熊跳岩、九连洞、鸡冠山、金刚山、马蹄潭、将军岩、金刚寺遗址等奇峰怪石，堪称“塞外一绝”。它既有塞外的雄奇，又兼有江南的秀丽，可与桂林的漓江、长江的三峡相媲美。是北京十六景之一。

今天，醇亲王府已经成为什刹海边的一道风景线，众多的游人慕名前来，只为心中那一份对历史的眷恋和对古迹的景仰。

梅兰芳故居

梅兰芳先生一生中的最后10年是在什刹海西北隅护国寺街9号度过的，这是一座典型的北京四合院，占地716平方米。如今已成为人们缅怀大师的观光景地。

这是一座两进的北京小四合院。共有房屋37间。现有馆藏文件3万余件。正院保存故居原貌，会客厅、书房、卧室和起居室内的各项陈设均按梅兰芳生前生活原状陈列。

郭沫若纪念馆

千竿胡同往北大约30来米，前海西街18号，这里便是一代文化名人郭沫若晚年居住过的地方。1963年秋天，郭沫若迁居此处，在什刹海西畔这座古朴的北京四合院里走完了人生最后14个年头。

走进纪念馆，草地上，郭沫若的铜像安坐在藤萝架前，双手轻轻放在膝头、目光平静而坦然。驻足绿荫下，闹市里久违的鸟鸣声，不绝于耳。

院内最为显眼的当数郭沫若夫妇亲手种植的银杏和牡丹，那些曾经与主人朝夕相处的一草一木，浸润在主人真诚与博大的情感世界中。人垂花门进四合院，东西两厢已辟为陈列室，以图片和实物展示着诗人、学者兼战士不平凡的一生。正房的客厅、办公室、卧室依旧是主人在世时的陈列。暖郎环绕小小的月季园，通向最北面的房间，正中的一间是郭沫若夫妇研磨书法的地方。伟人已去，故园依旧。一卷卷书稿，一幅幅书法佳作，保留着他的神韵。

广化寺

衣冠杂沓，车马骈阗的什刹海，历来是扎根皇城的佛教僧侣弘法结缘的首选之地。皆因梵刹林立，故名什刹海。什刹之一，饱经700年沧桑的佛门古刹广化寺，坐落在鼓楼后西侧后海北岸的鸦儿胡同31号。广化寺坐北朝南，东临银锭桥，西傍宋庆龄故居，占地1.38万平方米，拥有殿宇329间，分中、东、西三大院落。整座寺院建筑严谨，僧房毗连，形成院中有院的建筑特色。寺内古柏苍翠，花草溢香，曲径通幽。

广化寺始建于元代，后经明清三次修建，清宣统元年(1909)曾在此筹建京师图书馆，鲁迅先生曾在此任职。1921年8月对外开放。1982年北京佛教协会成立并将会址设在此寺。1986年，北京佛教协会在广化寺西路祖堂内肇建了北京佛教音乐团，弘扬中国传统音乐文化，演奏“京音乐”即佛教音乐，并培养后继者。如今，广化寺不仅是信徒们礼佛的地方，佛教音乐、礼佛仪式等也已作为一种文化，成为什刹海民俗文化景区的重要组成部分。

大家好，我是你们今天的小导游—(小吴)，我将带你们去一个风水宝地—北京!

北京位于华北大平原的西北端，是中华人民共和国的首都，全国政治、文化、交通、旅游和国际交往的中心，北京导游词。全市由11个区和7个县组成。总面积16800平方公里，其中市区占地1040平方公里。人口1150万。北京为我国四大直辖市之首。

北京，已有3000多年的文字记载历史和悠久的城建沿革。远在70～50万年前，这里就是人类祖先的发祥地，“北京猿人”便在京西南的周口店等地繁衍生息。公元前586年，周朝的封侯国—燕国，在此建都，名“蓟”，从此“燕京”之名流传至今。14XX年朱棣夺得皇位，迁都北平，并改名为北京，北京之名从此开始。不久兴建紫禁城等，经过十五年施工于1420年建成，1421年正式迁都北京。1644年清军入关，明朝灭亡，清朝也在北京建都。1949年新中国成立后，古老的北京获得了新生，被确定为新中国的首都。

现在大家已经来到了北京的远郊昌平区，那即将进入的就是十三陵景区。利用这段时间，我来给大家讲解一下十三陵的历史背景和说明。

明朝永乐皇帝朱棣在14XX年派了一些风水术士到北京选择“吉壤”，其实就是吉祥的土地，准备修建陵寝。当时这些人找了很多地方，但是都不成功，最后直到明永乐七年，才选定了现在的这片天寿山陵区，在周围有蟒山，虎峪，龙山和天寿山。这里正符合了阴阳五行中四方之神的所在位置，就是东青龙，西白虎，南朱雀，北玄武，还有温榆河经过这里，真可以说是风水宝地。从此可见当时皇帝要为自己修建一个陵寝要耗费多少精力啊。随后，就开始修建了长陵，经过四年终于竣工了。那明朝历代的皇帝，也陆续在这里修建了陵寝。而且从1409修建长陵一直到1644年明王朝灭亡，这200多年间，明十三陵的营建工程从来没有间断过。在这方圆40平方公里的范围，埋葬了明代十三位皇帝，二十三位皇后，还有许多的妃子，太子等等。可是这里也没能够完整的保留下来，在清兵入关以后，为了报复金人将清太祖的祖坟毁掉，所以就将这里烧了。后来在乾隆五十年的时候，为了笼络汉人，就下令修缮陵区。在新中国成立以后，对这里进行了大规模的开发，并且开放了的长陵、定陵和昭陵，其中定陵的地宫已经被发掘了。现在这里已经成为了全国重点风景名胜区，是世界上保存完整、埋葬皇帝最多的墓葬群。现在大家可能在想：明朝不是有十六个皇帝么?怎么在这里只有十三个皇帝的陵寝?其实原因很简单，明太祖朱元璋因为建都南京，所以他的陵墓当然就在南京啦，也就是明孝陵;而明朝第二个皇帝建文帝，因为被朱棣夺取了皇位，尸骨下落不明，所以这里就没有他的陵墓;在明朝第七代皇帝英宗的时候，他曾经被宦官王振怂恿，率军亲征，后来在河北怀来的土木堡被瓦刺军俘虏，这个事件称为“土木之变”，一国不能无君，所以他的兄弟就被册封为景泰帝，而后又上演了英宗重新夺取皇位的“夺门之变”，所以在十三陵中没有景泰帝的陵墓，他以亲王的礼节被安葬在西郊的金山口。这样一来，大家一定都明白了为什么这里叫做十三陵了。

从十三陵出来，我们来到了清朝第一大贪官和珅的府邸—亲王府

大门入园——后罩楼——龙王庙——西洋门——独乐峰——蝠池——安善堂——流杯亭——垂花门——明道斋(展室)——大戏楼——绿天小隐——福字碑——澄怀撷秀——秋水山房——榆关——出园

乾隆四十一年，即1776年，和珅开始在这东依前海，背靠后海的位置修建他的豪华宅第，时称“和第”。有说法称、明弘治年间、大太监李广也曾经置第于此。嘉庆四年正月初三太上皇弘历归天，次日嘉庆褫夺了和珅军机大臣、九门提督两职，抄了其家，估计全部财富

约值白银两千万两，相当于清政府半年的财政收入，所以有“和珅跌倒，嘉庆吃饱”的说法。同年正月十八，即1799年2月22日，和珅被“赐令自尽”。而宅子本身，则如愿归“爱豪宅不爱江山”的胞弟庆僖亲王永璘所有。与此同时，嫁予和珅之子的乾隆之女和孝公主，仍居住在半座宅第中，导游词《北京导游词》。咸丰元年，即1851年，清末重要政治人物恭亲王奕訢成为这所宅子的第三代主人，改名恭王府，恭王府之名由此沿用至今。“一座恭王府，半部清朝史”是历史地理学家侯仁之对恭王府的评价。民国初年，这座王府被恭亲王的孙子溥伟以40万块大洋卖给教会，后由辅仁大学用108根金条赎回，并用作女生学堂。新中国成立以后，王府曾被公安部宿舍、风机厂、音乐学院等多家单位使用过。

如果说恭王府代表的是王府文化的话，那么四合院应该就是能代表我们百姓文化的了，现在让我们来到北京的老宅子—四合院!

四合院，可说是天下闻名，老北京人都说如果没有了四合院，北京就像没有了生命一样，它倒是成了北京的“掌上明珠”!

北京的四合院所以有名，还在于它的构成有独特之处，在中国传统住宅建筑中具有典型性和代表性。中国住宅建筑大部分是内院式住宅，南方地区的住宅院落很小，四周房屋连成一体，称作“一颗印”。这种住宅适合于南方的气候条件，通风采光均欠理想。

北京的四合院，院落宽绰疏朗，四面房屋各自独立，彼此之间有游廊联接，起居十分方便 ，所谓四合，“四”指东、西、南、北四面，“合”即四面房屋围在一起，形成崐一个“口”字形。经过数百年的营建，北京四合院从平面布局到内部结构、细部装修都形成了京师特有的京味风格。

北京正规四合院一般依东西向的胡同而坐北朝南，基本形制是分居四面的北房(正房)、南房(倒座房)和东、西厢房，四周再围以高墙形成四合，开一个门。 大门辟于宅院东南角“巽”位。

四合院中间是庭院，院落宽敞，庭院中植树栽花，备缸饲养金鱼，是四合院布局的中心，也是人们穿行、采光、通风、纳凉、休息、家务劳动的场所。 四合院是封闭式的住宅，对外只有一个街门，关起门来自成天地，具有很强的私密性非常适合独家居住。院内，四面房子都向院落方向开门，一家人在里面和亲和美，其乐融融。由于院落宽敞，可在院内植树栽花，饲鸟养鱼，叠石造景。居住者不仅享有舒适的住房，还可分享大自然赐予的一片美好天地。四合院，也是华北地区民用住宅中的一种组合建筑形式，是一种四四方方或者是长方形的院落。 一家一户，住在一个封闭式的院子里，过着一种安逸、消闲、清静的日子，享受家庭的欢欣、天伦的乐趣，自然有一种令人悠然自得的气氛。之所以这样，北京四合院讲究绿化，院内种树种花，确是花木扶疏，幽雅宜人。老北京爱种的花有丁香、海棠、榆叶梅、山桃花等等，树多是枣树、槐树。花草除栽种外，还可盆栽、水养。

盆栽花木最常见的是石榴树、夹竹桃、金桂、银桂、杜鹃、栀子等等，种石榴取石榴"多子"之兆。至于阶前花圃中的草茉莉、凤仙花、牵牛花、扁豆花，更是四合院的家常美景了。

它虽为居住建筑，却蕴含着深刻的文化内涵，是中华传统文化的载体。

有些家庭，为了把院落装饰点缀一番，还在院落一进门处的正对面，修建一个影壁，也即是一堵砖墙。在正对大门的这一面，一般都有花卉、松竹图案或者大幅的书法字样醒目地放置影壁正面。上书“福”、“禄”、“寿”等象征吉祥的字样。也有一部分影壁，绘上吉祥的图案，如“松鹤延年”、“喜鹊登梅”、“麒麟送子”等等，给四合院内制造了一种书香翰墨的气氛。也有的农家，采用“五谷丰登”、“吉祥如意”、“福如东海”的字样或图画。这种影壁，设在大门之内的迎门处，有的是单独建筑的，有的是镶在厢房山墙上的。影壁，也称照壁，壁身都为正方形，四周用砖雕装饰，中间的方块为书法或者绘画。照壁分为基座和壁身两个部分，除去给庭院增加气氛，祈祷吉祥之外，照壁也起到一种使外界难以窥视院内活动的隔离作用。

如果四合院没了，那就彻底失去了老北京的文化色彩，那不仅是北京的符号，也是北京的魂儿。可想而之四合院是北京的一种文化特色，成为了北京美丽的风景线!

本次的北京四合院之旅就要到这里结束了!

各位游客们，大家好，我是你的导游_，大家可以叫我张导或小张。今天将由去我带领大家参观这美丽的颐和园。Lets go!

进了颐和园的大门，绕过大殿，就来到了有名的长廊，别小看了这条长廊，它有七百多米长呢!绿漆的柱子，紅漆的栏杆，一眼望不到头。长廊有273间，每间的横栏上都有五彩的画，几千幅画中没有哪两幅是相同的。

走完长廊，我们就来到了万寿山脚下，大家抬头看一下，那一座八角宝塔形的三层建筑物就是佛香阁。下面的一排排金碧辉煌的宫殿就是排云殿。

现在我们已经在万寿山的山顶了。大家向东远眺，是不是隐隐约约可以望见几座古老的城楼和城里的白塔?

下山以后，如果需要乘坐游船的游客可以到昆明湖里荡舟。不坐船的游客请跟随我到十七孔桥上欣赏昆明湖的美。最后，我们到湖中心的小岛集合。坐船的游客请不要往湖里扔垃圾，以免污染了昆明湖的美丽景致。

目前我们脚下踩着的就是十七孔桥，桥上有上百根石柱，柱子上都雕刻着小狮子，各个惟妙惟肖，姿态不一。走完石桥，各位游客请随我和其他几名游客汇合。

这次的游览活动到此结束，颐和园还有许多美丽的风景，希望大家有机会去细细游赏。

游客朋友们，欢迎大家来到风景优美的颐和园，我是导游小慧。现在请大家随我一起去畅游颐和园吧！

“一径竹阴云满地，半帘花影月笼纱”，说的便是颐和园中的月波楼。颐和园是清代的皇家园林和行宫，主要是由万寿山和昆明湖组成，占地约2点9平方千米，其中，水面积约占四分之三，园内殿堂楼阁、亭台水榭三千余间。1998年颐和园被联合国教科文组织列入>，并被誉为“世界几大文明之一”的有力象征。

了解完颐和园，我们就去颐和园里一起游览观赏吧！

首先我们进入了有名的长廊，大家是不是很奇怪，这条长廊怎么望不到头呢？其实，这条长廊有700多米长，并且，还分了273个小房间，每一间的横槛上都有五彩的画，画着人物、花草、风景，几千幅画，几乎没有哪两幅是相同的。在长廊的两旁栽满了花木，这一种花还没谢，那一种又开了，微风从左边的昆明湖上吹来，大家是否觉得神清气爽呢？

从长廊出来，我们就来到了万寿山脚下。大家登上万寿山在半山腰的地方，是否看到了一座八角宝塔形的三层建筑耸立在那儿，那就是佛香阁下面一排排金碧辉煌的宫殿，就是排云殿。

从万寿山下来，大家就能看见昆明湖了，湖边围着长长的堤岸，好像给昆明湖围上了一条围巾。大家请看，岸上有好几座式样不同的石桥，两岸栽着数不清的垂柳，在湖中心有一个小岛，从我们这里望去，岛上一片葱郁，树丛中只露出宫殿的一角，大家走过长长的大石桥，就可以去小岛上玩。在众多石桥中，最出名的要数十七孔桥了，这座桥有十七个桥洞，所以叫十七孔桥。每根桥栏杆上都有上百根石柱，柱子上都雕刻着小狮子，姿态不一，没有哪两只是相同的，这便是十七孔桥的绝妙之处。

游客朋友们，我的介绍就到这里。大家现在可以自由活动，我想提醒大家，请不要乱丢垃圾，文明旅游从您做起，游玩时还请大家注意安全，两小时后我们在这里集合，谢谢大家的配合！