北京小吃导游词(热门20篇)

明朝时期的北京城墙一共有3道。最内侧的是紫禁城，现在保存完好。最外侧的城墙，于上个世纪60-70年代被拆除，其位置在今天的二环路沿线。在内城和外城之间，还有一道城墙，称为皇城，这道城墙于上个世纪初被拆除以后逐渐被人们遗忘，不知其具体位置所在。20__年随着王府井大街二期工程的进行，施工中发现了明朝东皇城墙的多处遗址。为了弘扬中华文化，为市民增添一处旅游休闲的景观，北京市政府决定在明皇城东城墙的遗址上建立皇城根遗址公园。20__年9月11日该公园建成开园。

皇城根遗址公园位于市中心，宽29米，长2.8公里，南起东长安街，北至平安大街。在这个开放式的街心公园里种植了数千棵各种树木、3万多株花卉和灌木，在市中心形成了一条浓郁的绿化带。在公园中设置了10处阶梯式喷泉和3处原城墙实物展示，还有数十处城市雕塑小品和休闲建筑。

智慧的构思，巧妙的设计，精心的雕琢，使北京皇城根遗址公园与古城的历史、文化、环境隽永和谐，颇具特色。

虚实意境公园是在皇城墙遗址上建设起来的。皇城根是北京人最熟悉的地名，皇城墙在上个世纪初被夷平而鲜为人知。皇城墙的复建采取了虚实的构思，作为标志性的一段皇城墙长约200余米，它按照文献记载，墙底六尺、上宽五尺二寸、高一丈八尺。还用上了民间收集的明代“大城墙”砖灌浆密砌，外立面刷红，顶盖金黄琉璃瓦，使500年前明皇城墙在这里现身。而城墙的两端都呈残垣状，并从视线中隐去。当人们看到了皇城墙的原形并知道了它的概况和走向时，皇城墙已经在这虚实的意境中绵延伸展。

园城相映置身园中你会有漫步古城的感觉。园内的小景、花坛、亭廊、雕塑都以公园两侧的灰色民居群落为衬景。这里是北京皇城保护区胡同四合院最为集中的区域之一，安祥平和的古城遗风拂面而来。

在园中你可以放眼远眺，而不被楼宇阻隔，许多地方可以依稀看到古城平缓优美的天际线，以及古城与朝晖、晚霞、彩云、薄雾变化无穷的美景。而遗址公园更象一道碧翠彩屏，为古城增添了靓丽的风景。

时空隧道2.3公里的带状公园犹如一条500年的时空隧道。这道古都皇城，西为紫禁城、太庙、社稷陵、景山等世界文化遗产和国家、北京市重点文物保护单位，沿线聚集着欧美同学会、原北大红楼(新文化运动纪念馆)、中法大学旧址、皇城三眼井四合院保护区等众多历史、人文纪念地，东临北京金街王府井商业区。在游览遗址公园时你可以如此近距离地体验到古代、近代和现代的时空交替转换，这在城市公园中极为少见，也因此吸引了众多的中外游客。

都市庭园投资8亿元建设的遗址公园，是一个无门、无墙、无栏杆的开放或开放式公园。而这里的建筑、景观、设施、服务都是一流的，是赏美景、看古城、读历史、品京味的好去处。最高兴的要算附近的老百姓，他们亲切地称这是“咱们胡同口四合院前的庭园”。的确在大小取灯、翠花、东厂胡同一带，公园与民居仅一步之遥，邻居们都在公园里见面拉家常。爱花鸟的在家门种上自己喜欢的牵牛、鸡冠花，把鸟笼挂在公园的树枝上，与游客共享鸟语花香。那些戏迷票友们更是聚在一起吹拉弹唱，陶然自乐。京城民俗民间的艺人们也常来献上京味十足的绝活，这里成了老百姓的乐园。

古城“氧吧”遗址公园的7.4公顷园地几乎全部种植了花草树木。在建园过程中特地保护了数十棵古榆、国槐，又遍植了青松、银杏、翠柏、绿竹、丁香等近30种高大乔木、亚乔木和灌木。有常青、落叶树种的搭配，以及植物色彩的季相变化，使公园三季赏花、四季常青，色彩斑斓。据测算这块园林每天可产生6万升氧气，每年可涵养一万吨雨水，被誉为古城“氧吧”。

我们有时候还把故宫叫做紫禁城，而它的名称是怎样得来的呢?我国古代天文学家把天上的主要恒星分为三垣、四象和二十八星宿。三垣是太微垣、紫微垣和天市垣。其中紫薇垣居中，是天上皇帝所居住的地方，称为紫宫。封建帝王自称是天帝的儿子，所以他们也把自己居住的皇宫象征为天上的紫宫。而且皇帝居住的地方戒备森严，不许庶民百姓接近，是绝对的禁地，又称为禁宫，所以这里也被叫做紫禁城。这里共有四道门，分别是午门、神武门、东华门和西华门。而紫禁城的正门就是午门，因为在罗盘上，上午的代表正南，所以午门也是南大门的意思。它的平面呈“凹”字型，从汉代的门阙形制演变过来。下端有高12米的墩台，正中的墩台上面有门楼，两侧还设有钟鼓亭，东西两侧突出的部分叫观，上部各有廊庑13间，两端还建有重檐攒尖方亭。中央的广场叫阙。在明清两代，这里是朝廷举行颁朔大典和献俘典礼的地方。正中开了三道门，两侧都有掖门，这种做法称为“明三暗五”。五个门洞都有各自的用途：中门是皇帝专用的，或者皇帝大婚的时候，皇后可以从这里入宫，科考三甲也可以从这里入宫;平时，文武百官走左门，宗室王公走右门;掖门只有在大型活动的时候才开，三品以下的官员按照文东武西分别通过东西掖门，外国使节要从西掖门才可以入宫;在殿试的时候，考生分单双号，从东西掖门中通过。

Hello, tourists!

Prince Gongs mansion used to be the home of "the most greedy one in allages". Later, Emperor Jiaqing made twenty-four charges and confiscated hishouse. Because the last owner was Prince Gong Aixinjueluo Yijin, it was calledPrince Gongs mansion.

There are two dragon veins in Beijing, one is the central axis of Beijing,the other is the moat. The Palace Museum is located at the head of the centralaxis. Prince Gongqins residence is located at the intersection of the twodragon veins. He Lin once said, "the emperor takes the dragons head, I take thedragons tail.". Although the dragons head is in charge of the overallsituation, it still needs the dragons tail to do great things. &"Listen, HoHo is so ambitious that he deserves to be the first greedy person in allages.";!

There are 9999 bats in Prince Gongqins mansion;. This is not a real bat,but a bat like building. In order to make himself happy, he took the homonym of"Fu" and built 9999 bats;.

When you enter the door, the first thing you see is a huge bat;. This is abat like pond called "Fu Chi";. Rockery and gravel are randomly scattered on theBank of the pool. Around Fuchi, elms are planted. The fruit and leaf of elms arelike copper coins. Whenever the fruit and leaf of copper coins fall into Fuchi,Hexiang will laugh and laugh: & lt; money falling from the sky enters my& lsquo; cornucopia & gt;, and the money on the ground also flows intomy bag. &"Thats true!

We followed the gurgling water of Fuchi and came to a door. This is abeautiful western gate with bright colors and fine workmanship. It is said thatthis is one of his 24 counts. Because this western gate was made after thewestern gate in the royal garden.

After entering the western gate and bypassing the stone carving of "SongziGuanyin", it is the opera garden of the ho family. In front of the play gardenis a garden, with some flowers in the trim bushes. The play "Xiangfei playsbutterfly" in huanzhuge was shot here. Only two places in Beijing are coveredwith green bricks. One is the Taihe hall in the Forbidden City, and the other isthe stage of the ho family. Because the sound amplification effect of greenbrick is very good, singing on the stage does not need any sound amplificationtools. In such a large theater, everyone can hear music, and it is also a greathonor to stand on the stage full of green bricks and sing for the powerfulministers such as he Lu.

Through the well carved Zhulan corridor, you come to the study of he Lin.The study is surrounded by rockery and bamboo groves, quiet and quiet. The wholeGongqin palace is not built with stone bricks. This study is made of a specialkind of bamboo. Its warm in winter and cool in summer. He likes to stayhere.

Out of the study, the magnificent building in front is the main hall — & mdash; where he Lin meets visitors. To get to the main hall, thereis a very special road. There is only one ladder, and then there is a straightand gentle slope. Because he said that in his life, he had suffered only when hewas young, and then he went all the way to the peak of power. We can cross thebottom of the ladder, avoid suffering, and go straight to the top;.

There is a story: when the Empress Dowager of Xiaozhuang was very old andsick, she loved her grandson Emperor Kangxi very much and was very depressed. Heasked Su malagu, his maid, to prepare her pen and paper, and with a stroke ofher pen, she wrote "Fu". After finishing the writing, Xuanye and Su malagu lookat the word "Fu" and are stunned & mdash; & mdash; the word is powerfuland natural. If you look closely, you can see many phrases: more fields, moresons, more talents, more longevity & hellip; & hellip; isnt this thewish of the emperors grandmother? The more Emperor Kangxi saw it, the moresatisfied he was, he ordered people to put the word "Fu" on a huge stone. As aresult, the empress dowager, who had been ill for a long time, soon recovered.Emperor Kangxi was so happy that he decided to pass on this auspicious andauspicious stone from generation to generation, so that the Aixinjueluo familycould prosper from generation to generation.

Unfortunately, when it reached Qianlong, it was stolen out of the palace.This person is he Lin. Now this stone is at the foot of our main hall, onlyshowing the side with the word "Fu". This & quot; blessing & quot; isthe 10th blessing of Prince Gongqins mansion, which means & quot; tenthousand blessings & quot;. He Shen also said with an air: & lt; theemperor is & lsquo; long live & gt; and I am & lsquo; Wanfu >! & gt; later, when Emperor Jiaqing copied his house, he wanted to movethe Fushi back to the palace, but he didnt. He Lin was too cunning. He built abat like Fushan mountain with stones and built a dragon on the left and right ofthe word "Fu", implying that "the Dragon sits on the river and mountain".Emperor Jiaqing didnt want to destroy himself, so he left the stone.

各位游客朋友：

我们现在已经来到了天安门广场。大家可以看一下，我们现在的位置是在天安门广场南北方向的中轴线上，距我们南面的人民英雄纪念碑大约有100米左右的距离。 我们今天在天安门广场游览的时间是30分钟。

大家向我这里聚一下，我先给大家简要介绍一下天安门广场的主要景观。 (手势，向北指)大家先向这边看。(稍停顿，待游客目光集中于手指方向)我爱北京--天-安-门。一会儿，我会向大家详细介绍天安门的的沧桑历史。除了天安门城楼外，我还要向您介绍天安门前的金水桥、以及桥前的华表和石狮。 大家回一下头，您看到了，这就是庄严挺拔的人民英雄纪念碑了，随后我也将向您讲一讲她的故事。纪念碑南边的建筑就是"毛主席纪念堂"，我们今天的行程没有安排大家瞻仰毛主席遗容，如果您有意去的话，可以告诉我，我会尽量满足您的愿望。 天安门广场东侧的建筑是中国革命历史博物馆，这里陈列了大量珍贵的革命历史文物。和她相对着的，(手势，向西指)西边的这座建筑，就是非常著名的"人民大会堂"。关于她，一会儿我也会向您做详细介绍。

好好好，大家现在可以在广场上拍照留念。拍照前我给大家提个醒，大家尽量避免站在这条中轴线上拍照，旗杆可能会影响您的拍摄效果。另外，大家如果在纪念碑前拍照的话，建议您到纪念碑的那一侧去拍，在这边是逆光，会影响照片的效果。给大家10分钟时间，拍完照请到这里集合，我在这里等大家.

下面我首先为大家介绍一下天安门城楼。 天安门原为明清两代皇城的正门，始建于明永乐十五年(1417)，最初叫做承天门，取"承天启运，受命于天"之意。清顺治八年(1651年)重修而改名天安门，含"受命于天"和"安邦治民"的意思。至今已有580多年的历史了，是全国重点文物保护单位。 天安门城楼，建筑在巨大条石砌成的须弥座式城台上，造型庄重浑厚，宏伟典雅，是中国传统建筑艺术的典型代表作之一。城楼通高34.7米。城台上的大殿宽九楹(62.77米)，进深五楹(27.25米)，象征封建帝王的"九五"至尊。大殿为重檐歇山式，朱墙黄琉璃瓦顶。南面设有菱花隔扇门、窗36扇，殿内外立有直径2米的巨柱60根，天花、斗拱、梁枋等处、均绘满了最高等级的金龙和玺彩画，金碧辉煌，极为雄伟壮观。

1988年的元旦，天安门城楼正式对外向游客开放。 在天安门高大的暗红城墙中辟有五个券洞门，明清时代，这里的门、桥行走规制森严，中门为皇帝进出专用。皇帝每年冬至往天坛祭天，夏至去地坛祭地，孟春赴先农坛耕籍田，都要出入天安门。那么，在当时，是不是只有皇帝一人才能进出中门呢?这位朋友答的对，不是。大家知道还有什么人可以走这里吗?(稍做停顿)让我来告诉大家。此外，皇帝的父母可从中门入宫;皇帝大婚，皇后可从中门进入一次;新科状元等"金殿传胪"后，可从中门出宫一回。除此之外，严禁任何人进出，否则是要治重罪的。中门左右的两座旁门，供宗室王公和三品以上文武百官通行。过去天安门是座只进喜，不出丧的吉祥之门

好好天安门的设计者是蒯(kuǎi)祥。蒯祥是江苏吴县人，明初洪武年间生于木匠家庭，他的父亲是一位有名望的木工师傅，能主建大型工程。蒯祥受父亲影响，从小学艺，勤奋好学，聪慧过人，三十来岁时，已成为才华出众的木工匠师了。 燕王朱棣，也就是后来的永乐皇帝，经"靖难之役"取得帝位后，决定从南京迁都北京。永乐四年至十八年(1406-1420)，明成祖朱棣调集全国各地的能工巧匠前来北京营建工程巨大、难度极高的天安门(初名承天门)等宏伟建筑。蒯祥以高超的设计方案和精湛的建筑技艺，被推选为皇宫工程的建筑设计师。当时人们尊称他为"蒯鲁班"。蒯祥曾担任建筑皇家宫殿的官吏，直至工部左侍郎等官职，为中国的民族建筑艺术创下了光辉的业绩。

天安门是明清两朝历代帝王"金凤颁诏"的重地，凡遇国家庆典、新帝即位、皇帝结婚、册立皇后，都需要在此举行"颁诏"仪式。届时于城楼大殿前正中设立宣诏台。由礼部尚书在紫禁城太和殿奉接皇帝诏书，盖上御宝，把诏书敬放在云盘内，捧出太和门，置于抬着的龙亭内，再出午门，登上天安门城楼。然后将诏书恭放于宣诏台上，由宣诏官进行宣读。文武百官按等级依次排列于金水桥南，面北而跪恭听。宣诏完毕，就把皇帝诏书衔放在一只木雕金凤的嘴里，再用黄绒绳从上系下，礼部官员托着朵云盘在下跪接，接着用龙亭将诏书抬到礼部，经黄纸誊写，分送各地，布告天下。这种颁发封建帝王圣旨礼仪的全过程，就叫做"金凤颁诏"。

好好我国古代有"人生四喜"的说法，也就是"久旱逢甘霖，他乡遇故知，洞房花烛夜，金榜题名时。现在，问大家一个有意思的问题，哪位朋友知道，金榜题名的金榜张贴在什么地方?(稍停，待游客猜测)到底在哪里呢?请听我下文分解。 明清时代盛行科举制度，每逢殿试后的第三天，新考中的进士们恭立于天安门金水桥南，等候传呼他们进太和殿朝拜皇帝的礼仪，名叫"金殿传胪"。当在太和殿传胪唱名后，礼部官员捧着皇帝钦定的"黄榜"，带领新科状元、榜眼、探花们出午门，再将黄榜放在龙亭内，在鼓乐仪仗的簇拥下抬出天安门，将黄榜张贴于"龙门"，也就是当时的长安左门外的"龙棚"里，公布天下，这里就是张贴金榜的地方，长安左门的位置大致是现在的劳动人民文化宫门前东南侧。 天安门历经沧桑，在新中国成立后，更焕发出了耀人的光彩。1949年的10月1日，毛泽东主席在天安门城楼上向全世界宣布了社会主义新中国的诞生，天安门不再是至高无上的封建皇权的象征，而成为了一个新生的人民民主国家的标志，在国徽图案的中央，我们可以看到这座庄严雄伟的建筑。建国以后，这里成为国家举行重大庆典活动的场所，特别是每逢国庆，党和国家领导人都要登上天安门城楼主持庆典并和各界群众联欢。

天安门前的金水河又称御河、外金水河。河上横跨七座石桥，中桥正对天安门的中门，叫御路桥，最宽大，雕龙修饰，供帝、后专用。两旁桥名"王公桥"，为宗室王公行走。外侧的两桥称"品级桥"，供三品以上官员通行。以上五桥均为三孔。位于太庙(今劳动人民文化宫)和社稷坛(今中山公园)门前的单孔石桥，叫"公生桥"，为四品以下官员过往。那时门、桥行走等级森严，不得有丝毫触犯。

天安门前，也是明清两代进行"秋审"和"朝审"的地方。封建王朝的最高执法机关--刑部衙门，每年五月要把全国各省被判死刑的囚犯名单汇集起来，敬呈皇帝过目。八月中旬，皇帝诏令有关官员在天安门前进行最后判决，这叫秋审。朝审则在霜降后举行，主要终审在北京刑部监狱里关押的死刑犯。这就是为什么以前被判处死刑的人要"秋后问斩"。凡经"秋审"、"朝审"判处死刑的人，立即推出"虎门"--长安右门，押赴宣武门外的菜市口等刑场处决。因此人们对长安左、右门，有"龙门"与虎门之称。即凡出"龙门"者，荣登金榜，前程似锦;而押出"虎门"者，则被终判死罪，毫无生还之望。长安右门的位置大致是在现中山公园门前西南侧。

在天安门南北门外，分别耸立有一对雕刻精美、挺拔秀丽的云龙华表。据《淮南子·主术训》记载，远在尧舜时代就有街头设"表木"的做法，用以王者"纳谏"，征求民众意见以治天下。到秦汉时期，表木被改为指路标，叫华表。后来华表经不断美化，便逐渐演变成为中国独具民族建筑特色的艺术装饰品，深为世人所青睐。 " "系神话传说中的神异物，用汉白玉石雕成蹲于每支华表顶端的承露盘中，双目炯炯有神，密切注视前方。于天安门里的" "脸朝北，双目紧盯皇宫，名"望君出"，它提醒皇帝不要迷恋深宫生活，而应及时出宫巡视，以利治理天下。在天安门外一对华表的" "则脸朝南，双目向远方眺望，名"望君归"。它时时关注皇帝外巡中的行为举止，如不检点或时间长了，"望君归"就呼唤帝王不得沉米山水、野趣、而应早日回宫，料理国家大事。

好好天安门金水桥前的这一对大石狮，雕工精绝，造型逼真，威武异常。它们的双目都紧紧注视着天安门前正中的御道(中轴线)，以体现它们是封建帝王忠实的卫士身份。 朋友们来看西边的这一只石狮，它的肚皮上有一个深深的洞，这是怎么回事呢?这里有一个很有传奇色彩的故事，据说明代崇祯十七年(1644年)四月，农民起义军首领闯王李自成攻打北京时，当他率军冲进天安门前的"T"形广场后，只见皇城的大门--"承天门"就在眼前。对此，他愤怒地拈弓搭箭，只听"嗖…."的一声，正射中承天门匾额的"天"字，顿时众军喝彩，欢声雷动，随后李闯王收起硬弓，挺枪跃马一直奔金水桥冲杀过去。突然，桥头的两只大石狮张牙舞爪，凶猛阻挡去路。闯王见此怒不可遏，挺枪刺去，即刻火花四溅，长枪戳向了一只狮子的腹部。双狮见势不妙，拖着悲惨的哀鸣声，各自退回了原位。现在的这个洞，就是枪伤疤了。

朋友们，我们面前的这条街就是有"神州第一街"美誉的长安街。 长安街，当年从长安左门至东单牌楼，名东长安街;从长安右门至西单牌楼，叫西长安街。古时东西长安街仅3.7公里，有十里长街之称，这是京城历史上有名的"天街"，其名取自盛唐时代的大都城--"长安"，含长治久安的之意。 长安街修筑于明朝永乐四年至十八年(1406-1420)，与皇城同时建造，是明代兴建北京城总体规划的重要组成部分之一。东西平行走向的长安街，与纵横南北八公里长的御道中轴线，在天安门前正好垂直相交成准确的"十"字型经纬座标中心点，从而构成了北京城座北朝南，街巷纵横的总体布局。 原东、西长安左、右门前分别均竖有巨型下马碑，上刻"官员人等，到此下马。"古代皇宫内是严禁骑马的，除非是"金殿传胪"时的新科状元，可骑皇帝御赐的高头大马，在长安街上走过，以示"皇恩浩荡"。 清王朝灭亡后，内城墙中东西两侧的建国门与复兴门在民国二十九年(1940)被打开的。 新中国成立以后，街面被展宽为50-100米，东西长安街的延伸线东达通州，西抵石景山，总长50公里，有百里长街的美称。 大家现在随我通过地下通道去天安门广场，上下台阶时请您注意安全。

Prince Gongs residence is located in Qianhai West Street, XichengDistrict, Beijing. It is the largest palace in Qing Dynasty. It was successivelyused as the residence of the corrupt official and Prince Qing. Later, it wasgiven to Prince Gong Yixin, hence the name of Prince Gongs residence, which isstill in use today. Prince Gongs residence has gone through the historicalprocess of the Qing Dynasty from its heyday to its decline, so there is a sayingthat "a Prince Gongs residence, half of the history of the Qing Dynasty".

&This is the description of Prince Gongs residence in historicalbooks. In terms of its location, it occupies an excellent position in thecapital. The ancients paid great attention to Fengshui in building houses andgardens. It is said that there are two dragon veins in Beijing. One is the EarthDragon, which is the dragon vein of the Forbidden City; the other is the waterdragon, which refers to the line between Houhai and Beihai. Prince Gongsresidence is just on the connecting line between Houhai and Beihai, which is thedragon vein. Therefore, Fengshui is very good. The ancients took water as theirwealth. They found water everywhere in Prince Gongs mansion. The water of thelargest pavilion in the center of the lake was introduced from Yuquan lake, andit only entered but did not flow out. Therefore, it is more in line with thetheory of geomantic omen. Chinas top ten marshals and Guo Moruo and others alllived near Prince Gongs residence and lived a long life. It is said that theplace with the largest number of long-lived people in Beijing is near PrinceGongs residence. This place is really a treasure land of geomantic omen.

Prince Gongs mansion is composed of two parts: Mansion and garden. It isabout 330 meters long from north to South and 180 meters wide from east to west.It covers an area of 61120 square meters, including 32260 square meters ofmansion and 28860 square meters of garden. The mansion is not only spacious, butalso the highest standard of architecture. The obvious signs are the front doorand the number of houses. There are five front rooms, seven main rooms, fiveback rooms, seven back rooms, and a side room on the left and right. There mustbe no more royal mansions than these. The form of the house and the color of thetiles should not exceed the standard. There are three courtyards in the middle,East and West roads of Prince Gongs mansion, and the back two courtyards ofeach road are the main areas for people to visit.

The mansion building is divided into East, middle and West roads, each ofwhich is composed of multiple courtyard buildings running through the strictcentral axis from south to north.

The main buildings on the middle road are yinan hall and Jiale hall. Theroof of the hall is green glazed tiles, which shows the majesty of the middleroad and the identity of the prince. The front courtyard of East Road is calledduofuxuan. In front of the hall, there is a vine that has been growing for morethan 200 years. It is still growing very well. It is extremely rare in thecapital. The main room of the backyard on East Road is called "ledotang", whichwas the living place of Prince Gong Yi Xin. The siheyuan on the west road isrelatively small and exquisite. The main buildings are Baoguang room andxijinzhai. The most exquisite work is xijinzhai, which belongs to thehigh-profile school. There are exquisitely carved sections of Nanmu in the hall,which is in the style of ningshou palace in the Forbidden City (this is one ofthe "twenty crimes" of Hezhens being condemned to death). In the deepest partof the mansion, there is a two-story back cover building, 156 meters long fromeast to west. There are 88 windows on the back wall. There are 108 rooms in thebuilding, commonly known as "99 rooms and a half", which means "when you getthere, you will get rich".

Its called "Langrun garden" or "cuijin garden". Its commonly known asGongwangfu garden. Wandering in the garden is like walking in the mountains andrivers. Echoing the residence, the garden is also divided into East, West andEast. The entrance of the middle road is a white marble arched stone gate withwestern architectural style, centered on the stele of "Fu" written by EmperorKangxi, with dulefeng and bat pool in front and green sky Xiaoyin and bat hallin the back. The layout is memorable. The Grand Theater Hall on the east road isdecorated with fresh and beautiful decoration. The purple flowers of twigs andvines are in full bloom, making people feel like watching the Opera under thevines. At the south end of the theater, the Ming daozhai, the winding pathleading to seclusion, the hanging green Yue, the singing fragrance and thedrunken moon, and the Liubei Pavilion constitute the garden in the garden. Inthe garden, there are towering ancient trees, lots of strange rocks, wateraround the mountains, pavilions, pavilions and corridors. The landscape of thegarden under the moonlight is ever-changing, with a unique cave. Many Chineseand foreign tourists come here, looking for the past of green mountains, clearwaters and winding paths.

Prince Gongs residence, located in Qianhai West Street, was built in 1776& mdash; 1785. It was originally the private residence of He Li, a favoriteMinister of Qianlong in Qing Dynasty. After he Li was killed in Jiaqing forcorruption, the private residence here was given to King Qing. During the reignof Tongzhi, because Prince Gong Yixin cooperated with Cixi to launch a coup,Empress Dowager Cixi gave the house to him and became Prince Gongsresidence.

The hall of silver Luan is the main building of Prince Gongs residence. Asthe main hall of the palace, it can only be opened when there are importantevents and festivals, which plays a role of etiquette. In the early years of theRepublic of China, due to an accidental fire, the main hall was burned togetherwith the East and west side halls. Now the courtyard of yinan hall isrebuilt.

The architecture in the period of Hetao. There is a plaque on the side ofJiale hall. It is suspected that the plaque was given to Hezhen by EmperorQianlong, but there is no money and seal on the plaque, so there is no reason toconfirm it. However, Hezhen has jialetang poetry anthology, which indicates thatit is the room name of Hezhen. In the period of Prince Gong, Jiale hall wasmainly used as the sacrificial place of the Royal Palace, where the tablets ofancestors and gods were offered, and Shamanism was the main ritual. PrinceGongs mansion covers an area of about 60000 square meters. It is divided intotwo parts: the mansion and the garden. It has more than 30 buildings of varioustypes, with exquisite layout and extraordinary style. Its garden, also known asjincui garden, has a high artistic level in layout and design. The gardenimitates the palace of peaceful longevity in the imperial palace. The park issurrounded by rockeries in the shape of "mountain". In the East, South and West,there are mounds of earth and stone. In the middle of the road, there are cavesand gullies made of Fangshan stone. The top platform becomes the highest pointof the whole garden. From a high position, you can see the whole garden. PrinceGongs mansion was rebuilt on the basis of the officials residence. Among the20 major crimes he convicted in that year, there was the problem of "potentialwaste and overstepping the system" about the decoration of the eaves. Forexample, the 13th section of the article "found that the house of he had a nanmuhall, and its multi box structure and partition doors and windows imitated thesystem of ningshou Palace";. Therefore, the decoration of the eaves of PrinceGongs residence is unique in the culture of Prince Gongs residence

1、 It has the highest specifications and can be compared with the palacebuildings

The decoration of the eaves of the main halls of Prince Gongs mansion isnot only duobaoge and partition, but also xianlou and the sacrificial stove withPilu hat in the temple. And has the indoor rockery pool, the decoration becomesthe indoor small garden, is ingenious.

2、 There are many forms

From the leitu, we can see that there were more than 20 buildings decoratedwith inner eaves in those years, and there were many types, such as taishibi,throne bed, blue gauze cabinet, sacrificial stove, Wanzi Kang, several legscover, floor cover, Kang cover, true and false door, xianlou, shuge, duobaoge,shunshan Kang, front and back eaves Kang, etc.

3、 Flexible demarcation and rich space:

The main halls of Prince Gongs mansion are composed of solemn and solemnopen space, private space, symmetrical space, asymmetric space and flexiblespace. Some are suitable to receive senior guests, some are used for Shamanismsacrificial activities, some are suitable for daily life, and some are used assleep, so different space needs are appropriate.

4、 Exquisite workmanship and superb skills:

It can be seen from the decoration remains of Prince Gongs mansion thathardwood is used. The processed wood can be made into small sections, and thecarving patterns are undulating accurately. Moreover, various kinds of wagonscan be made by using circles or curves. Only on the basis of fine processing canit be completed. The construction difficulty is amazing. Unfortunately, most ofthe original eaves decoration of Prince Gongs mansion has disappeared. Today,through the study of the culture of Prince Gongs mansion, we should furtherexcavate it, combine with the future exhibition requirements of the Museum ofPrince Gongs mansion, and reproduce the glory of that year.

In 1776, the 41st year of Emperor Qianlongs reign, He Lin began to buildhis luxurious house, which was called "he di";. It is said that during the reignof emperor Hongzhi of the Ming Dynasty, Li Guang, the great eunuch, was onceplaced here. On the third day of the first month of the fourth year of Jiaqing,Emperor Hongli returned to heaven. On the next day, Jiaqing stripped theMinister of military aircraft and the governor of Jiumen from his home. It isestimated that his total wealth is about 800 million taels of silver, which isequivalent to the fiscal revenue of the Qing government for 15 years. Therefore,there is a saying that "when he falls, Jiaqing is satisfied.". On February 22,1799, on the 18th of the first month of the same year, he was ordered to commitsuicide;. The house itself, however, is owned by Prince Qingyu, his youngerbrother.

At the same time, Qianlongs daughter and Princess Xiao, who were marriedto the son of Hetao, still lived in half the house. In 1851, the first year ofXianfeng, Prince Gong Yi, an important political figure in the late QingDynasty, became the third generation owner of the house and changed its name toPrince Gongs house, which is still in use today. &"A Prince Gongs mansion,half of the history of Qing Dynasty" is the evaluation of Prince Gongs Mansionby Hou Renzhi, a historical geographer. In the early years of the Republic ofChina, the palace was sold to the church by Prince Gongs grandson Pu Wei for400000 yuan. Later, it was redeemed by Furen university with 108 gold bars andused as a school for girls. After the founding of new China, Wangfu has beenused by dormitories of the Ministry of public security, fan factories,conservatory of music and other units.

Prince Gongs mansion is the most complete preserved building complex inChina, which is divided into two parts: the mansion and the garden, with themansion in the front and the garden in the back. The opening of Prince Gongsresidence was put on the agenda as early as 30 years ago. In 1975, Premier Zhouentrusted Gu Mu with three unfinished tasks in his hospital bed, one of whichwas the opening of Prince Gongs residence.

Prince Gongs residence was built in the reign of Emperor Qianlong of theQing Dynasty. It was the private residence of Heshi, a bachelor.

In the early years of Tongzhi, Yixin, the third generation of the hosthere, was the king of politics and the leader of the military plane. He was verypowerful and distinguished for a time. He built the mansion and renovated thepart of the mansion. It was at that time that the architectural scale andpattern of Prince Gongs mansion was finally formed.

The first half of Prince Gongs mansion is a magnificent mansion, and thesecond half is a deep and beautiful classical garden, covering an area of nearly60000 square meters. The mansion is dignified and solemn, simple and elegant,with bright corridors and ridges. It is second only to the imperial palace. Thecuijin garden at the back of the mansion is surrounded by water and mountains,with towering ancient trees, winding corridors, pavilions and pavilions.

According to the existing literature, in this Fengshui treasure land on theWest Bank of Qianhai in the capital, surrounded by "panlongshui", there was alarge-scale temple in the yuan and Ming Dynasties, which was full of incense andfull of visitors. Even the emperor came here to worship the Buddha. It was onlyin the middle of the 16th century that the temple was gradually abandoned andreduced to a supply factory of the Ming Dynasty. After the Qing Dynasty came toBeijing, a number of courtyards of different sizes were built here for ordinarybanners such as the house of internal affairs.

Around the 40th year of Emperor Qianlongs reign, He Lin, who was red andpurple in front of the emperor, fell in love with this Fengshui treasure land,which is surrounded by water, connected to the western mountains, and not farfrom the emperors home. He bought many properties here at a high price andbuilt them into famous "and" Di ";.

Prince Gongs residence is known as "half of the history of Qing Dynasty",which is closely related to the three generations of owners living here. As weall know, the first generation of government leader he Lu was a Zaifu and abachelor in the late Qianlong period. He was also a famous corrupt official inhistory. He attracted peoples attention in the history of the Qing Dynasty, andthere were so many legends about him. In particular, his son, Fengshen Yin De,later married the youngest daughter of Emperor Qianlong, Gu Lun, and PrincessXiao, which made the mansion a real princess house for a while;

In the fourth year of Jiaqing, he Zhen died for his crime, so the emperorof Jiaqing gave the house to his younger brother Yongzhen, the king of Qingjun.Yongli is probably the most beloved of all the owners of this mansion. As earlyas when he Lin was in power, all the princes of Qianlong agreed that no matterwho became emperor in the future, he would be killed. But the 17th PrinceYonglin said: "no matter which elder brother becomes emperor in the future, Iwill be satisfied if he Lins mansion is awarded to me!";

When it comes to Yongyao, many people are not familiar with him. But whenit comes to his grandson, Yizhe, the prince of Qing who signed the "Treaty ofsorrow and Disgrace" with Li Hongzhang and the Allied forces of the eightcountries, Im afraid everyone knows about him. Yi Zhe is also a famous corruptofficial in modern Chinese history, but compared with the cowardly andincompetent Bailey in the late Qing Dynasty, he is still a man who dares to beresponsible and can entrust heavy responsibilities. Therefore, since the TongzhiDynasty, Yi zhe has been favored by Empress Dowager Cixi. Before Xianfengchanged his residence to Prince Gong, he lived here as a general of theauxiliary country.

As for Prince Gong Yixin, he was one of the most important politicalfigures in modern Chinese history. He participated in the second Opium War andalmost all the major political activities after it (1853-1898). During the"Xinyou coup", he helped Cixi to the throne of "hanging curtain to listen topolitics"; It is no exaggeration to say that without Yi Xin, the whole modernChinese history, and even the later Chinese history, would have beenrewritten.

If all things in the world are spiritual, then this beautiful buildingsurrounded by "panlongshui" is destined to be a miserable garden full of sadtemperament and ill fated from the day it was born.

In the fourth year of Jiaqing (1799), after he was executed, EmperorJiaqing gave the west half of the mansion to his seventeen younger brotherYongyu, who only wanted to live in hes house but not in the emperors seat. Thereason why they only gave him half of them was that the Emperor Qianlongs tenprincesses and their son-in-law, Fengshen Yinde, lived there at that time.

Princess Hexiao is the most legendary princess in the whole history of QingDynasty. Her biological mother is Wangs favorite concubine in the late years ofEmperor Qianlong. In the first month of Qianlongs 40th year, when the youngestdaughter came to the world, whose temperament and appearance all resembled herfathers, the emperor was already 65 years old. Although the ten princesses werewomen, they were born with divine power. They could open ten strong bows andoften rode with their father in hunting. As a result, Qianlong loved her morethan all his children. He sighed more than once: "if you are an elder brother,the throne will belong to you in the future!" indeed, the ten princesses werenot only excellent in martial arts, but also had an extraordinary mind. When hewas happy, his son-in-law relied on his father-in-law and behaved delicatelyEven though, the princess once sternly reprimanded him: "you, Amar, have beengracious to my father. You dont want to repay him, but you only know how totake bribes. Im worried about you. On the day when my wealth is not guaranteed,even I will be affected by you“

Although the ten Princesses words were unfortunately right, EmperorJiaqing still remembered his brother and sisters love and did not deprive himof the title of his younger sister husband. The princess and his wife stilllived in their original home. Therefore, the house was divided into two parts:QingWangs house in the West and princesss house in the East. It was not untilSeptember 1823, when the tenth Princess died, that the whole house came underthe name of QingWang. At that time, Yongyu had been dead for more than threeyears;

After 1911, according to the regulations of the government of the Republicof China on preferential treatment of Qing Dynasty, the palace became theprivate property of the owner. Later, because of the political turmoil and thedifficulties of livelihood, the posterity kings and grandchildren came intobeing one after another

各位游客们大家好，我是您们的导游小北，今天我们参观的中国最著名学府之一—清华大学

华大学创办于1920xx年，是中国最著名的大学，也是全中国大学的典范，很多人都会来这瞻仰一下最高学府的样子。清华校园曾是皇家园林，亭台楼榭与湖水树林相映，环境非常优美，园中的建筑大多中西合璧，显得高贵典雅。

清华大学的主要景观位于西门附近，不过近几年为了保证校园学生学习秩序，西门附近进行了进入管制。游客从西门进入需要按照开放时间，持身份证排队登记，然后进入。除西门之外，东门、北门等几个校门一般全天开放，个人参观可以随时进入，从东门、北门进入也可以游览整个校园，但需要步行约1.5公里左右到达西门附近的景观区，而且这个开放并非官方同意，在监管较严时也会出现无法进入的情况。仅游览西门部分的主要景观再从西门离开，仅需步行约2公里，走走看看1小时即可。清华整个的校园较大，长宽都有两公里左右，若要到校园其他地方逛逛则需3小时左右甚至更久。

清华校园内的主要景点有近春园、水木清华、大礼堂、清华学堂、二校门等，可以从西门进入后顺时针一一参观。

近春园是原来皇家园林的中心地带，有湖水、小亭和葱郁的树木，环境清幽。小湖里面种满了荷花，每到夏季开放，十分漂亮。这个荷塘也正是朱自清《荷塘月色》中所描写的荷塘，可以好好观赏一下。

水木清华、大礼堂和清华学堂是清华园里最著名的三座建筑。水木清华建于湖水旁边，是一座古色古香的中式建筑。大礼堂的建筑则是西式的圆顶红墙，在大礼堂旁边还有一片大草坪，草坪和大礼堂的合影也是清华形象的代表之一。清华学堂是一座别致的二层小楼，是清华大学的第一批校舍，有灰色的墙砖、白色的立柱，中西合璧，建筑非常优雅。 二校门位于清华学堂的南侧，这座乳白色圆拱式校门的照片流传甚广，是清华最为著名的景点，也是清华的代表形象，绝大多数游客都会在此留影纪念。

位于这些主要景点区域的东侧是清华的主要教学区、研究所和生活区，若有兴趣可以前去参观一下，感受最高学府的学术气息，不过要注意不要打扰到学生们的生活和学习。校园较大，还有些人在校内提供自行车出租服务，一般每小时10-20元左右，需要押一定的押金或押身份证。不过这些服务均属于私自开设，并非官方提供的正规服务，不推荐选用。

Beijing is located at 39 ° 56 ′ N and 116 ° 20 ′ E. It is located at thenorthwest end of the North China Plain, in the west, North and northeast. It issurrounded by Taihang Mountain (West Mountain), Jundu mountain and Yanshanmountain, which makes it look like a "bay", so it has been called "Beijing bay"since ancient times.

Beijing, the capital of the peoples Republic of China, is the center ofpolitics, culture, transportation, tourism and international exchanges. The cityconsists of 11 districts and 7 counties. The total area is 16800 squarekilometers, of which the urban area covers 1040 square kilometers. Thepopulation is 11.5 million. Beijing is the first of the four municipalitiesdirectly under the central government in China.

Beijing has a north temperate continental monsoon climate with fourdistinct seasons. Spring flowers, autumn moon, summer rain and winter snow arethe different characteristics of each season. No matter when you come to Beijingfor sightseeing, you will have charming wind colors. Beijing has shorter springand autumn, longer summer and winter. January is colder, the average temperatureis - 4.7 ℃, July is slightly hot, the average temperature is 26.1 ℃. The averageannual rainfall is 650 mm and the frost free period is 180 days. It has aprominent geographical location, magnificent mountains and rivers, fertile landand rich products, so it has always been regarded as the treasure land ofChina.

Beijing has a written history of more than 3000 years and a long history ofurban construction. As far back as 700000-500000 years ago, this is thebirthplace of human ancestors, and Peking man has been breeding in Zhoukoudianand other places in southwest Beijing. In 586 BC, the state of Yan, the Marquisof the Zhou Dynasty, established its capital here, named "Ji". From then on, thename of "Yanjing" has been passed down to the present. After the third centuryB.C., it was an important northern town in the Qin, Han, Sui and Tang Dynasties.At the beginning of the 10th century, the Qidan people in Northeast Chinaestablished the Liao Dynasty and took it as the capital, Nanjing. In 1125, theNuzhen nationality rose, destroyed the Liao Dynasty and built the Jin Dynasty.It officially established its capital, named Zhongdu, and built 36 luxuriouspalaces. The central capital was in the area of Guanganmen today, but it wasdestroyed in 1215. In this year, the Mongols in the north of China movedsouthward, successively destroyed the Jin Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty,which avoided Hangzhou, and unified China. In 1267, the Yuan Dynasty rebuilt thecapital city with the JinDynasty Daning Palace (now Beihai Park) as the center,and renamed it Dadu, which is the predecessor of todays old Beijing city. In1368, the peasant uprising army led by Zhu Yuanzhang overthrew the Yuan Dynastyand established the Ming Dynasty. The capital of the Ming Dynasty was located inNanjing, which was renamed Beiping. In 1403, Zhu Di won the throne, moved hiscapital to Peking, and changed its name to Beijing. After 15 years ofconstruction, the Forbidden City was completed in 1420 and the capital wasofficially moved to Beijing in 1421. In 1644, the Qing army entered the pass,the Ming Dynasty perished, and the Qing Dynasty also established its capital inBeijing. Each dynasty has established its capital here for more than 800 years.After the founding of new China in 1949, the old Beijing gained a new life andwas determined as the capital of new China.

The ancient city of Beijing, after the great creation of the working peopleof the past dynasties, has left a splendid culture of the Chinese nation. Thearchitectural layout of the whole city takes the Forbidden City as the centerand runs through an 8 km long central axis from south to north. Before and afterthe dynasty, zuozu and YouSHE (Taimiao and sheji altar); the streets arevertical and horizontal, the temples are brilliant; the temples are magical, thegardens are magnificent; the rivers and lakes are winding, the scenery ispicturesque. The whole city has both plane layout and three-dimensional shape,which is not only a model of Chinese ancient capital, but also occupies a veryimportant position in the history of world urban construction. Beijing hasalways been famous for its rich places of interest and charming natural scenery.Here are the worlds wonders of the Great Wall, the worlds most imperial palacecomplex, beautiful classical gardens, as well as magnificent temples,mausoleums, pagodas, stone carvings and so on. Moreover, Shidu, Songshan,Longqing gorge, Shihua Cave and other natural landscapes, as well as manyhistorical sites such as the May 4th Movement in 1919, are all touristattractions that people can enjoy and forget to return.

潭柘寺始建于西晋愍帝建兴四年(320xx年)，是佛教传入北京地区后修建最早的一座寺庙。始创时规模不大，名叫嘉福寺。当时佛教还未能被民间所接受，因而发展缓慢。以后又出现了北魏和北周两次“灭佛”，故而嘉福寺自建成之后，一直未有发展，后来逐渐破败。

唐代武则天万岁通天年间(696-697年)，佛教华严宗高僧华严和尚来潭柘寺开山建寺，持《华严经》以为净业，潭柘寺就成为了幽州地区第一座确定了宗派的寺院，潭柘寺得到兴盛。

唐代会昌年间，唐武宗李炎崇信道教，在道士赵归真和权臣李德裕的怂恿下，唐武宗下令在全国排毁佛教。潭柘寺也因此而荒废。

五代后唐时期，著名的禅宗高僧从实禅师来到了潭柘寺，铲除荒夷，整修寺院，“师与其徒千人讲法，潭柘宗风大振”，才使潭柘寺走出了“武宗灭佛”的阴影，重又繁盛了起来。当时的潭柘寺也从此由华严宗改为禅宗。

辽代时期由于幽州地区律宗大盛，而禅宗则发展缓慢，潭柘寺的香火衰微。

金代，禅宗在中都(今北京)地区有了很大的发展，潭柘寺先后出现了数位禅宗大师，大大提高了寺院的声誉。金熙宗完颜亶于皇统元年(1141年)到潭柘寺进香礼佛，并拨款对潭柘寺进行了整修和扩建，这是第一位到潭柘寺进香的皇帝，使后代皇帝争相效仿，这对于进一步提高潭柘寺的地位，繁盛寺院香火，都起到了极大的推动作用。金熙宗将当时的寺名龙泉寺改为“大万寿寺”，拨款对潭柘寺进行了大规模的整修和扩建，开创了皇帝为潭柘寺赐名和由朝廷出资整修潭柘寺的先河。

金大定年间，皇太子完颜允恭代表其父金世宗完颜雍到潭柘寺进香礼佛，当时的住持僧重玉禅师为此特写下了《从显宗幸潭柘》一诗，记述了当时的盛况，后于明昌五年(1194年)镌刻成碑，立于寺中，现此碑犹存，镶嵌在金刚延寿塔后边地阶的崖壁上。在金代，潭柘寺禅学昌盛，其代表人物是临济宗大师广慧通理禅师开性。开性终老于寺中，圆寂后被佛门尊为“广慧通理”禅师。

元代元世祖忽必烈的女儿，妙严公主为了替其父赎罪，而到潭柘寺出家。后终老于寺中，她每日里在观音殿内跪拜诵经，“礼忏观音”，年深日久，竟把殿内的一块铺地方砖磨出了两个深深的脚窝。现今妙严公主“拜砖”依然供奉在潭柘寺的观音殿内，是潭柘极为珍贵的一件历史文物。后妙严大师终老于寺中，其墓塔在寺前的下塔院。元代末期的元顺帝孛儿只斤·妥欢贴睦尔崇信佛教，特别是对当时名贯京城的潭柘

寺极为青眯，元顺帝曾请潭柘寺住持雪涧禅师享用御宴，并且由皇妹亲自下厨，礼遇之高前所未有。

明初重臣姚广孝法号道衍，被明太祖朱元璋挑选高僧，从侍燕王朱棣，建文帝削藩时，朱棣按照姚广孝的谋划，起兵“靖难”，从而夺取了皇位，即为明成祖。朱棣继皇帝位后，封姚广孝为僧录司左善世，庆寿寺钦命住持，后又加封为太子少师，赐名“广孝”，仍参与军政大事。功成名就之后，姚广孝辞官不做，而到京西的潭柘寺隐居修行，每日里与自己的老友，潭柘寺住持无初德始禅师探讨佛理。期间，明成祖朱棣曾到潭柘寺看望过他。据说当年修建北京城时，设计师就是姚广孝，他从潭柘寺的建筑和布局中获得了不少灵感，北京城的许多地方都是依照潭柘寺的样子修建的，太和殿就是仿照潭柘寺的大雄宝殿而建的，同为重檐庑殿顶，井口天花绘金龙和玺，所不同的是更高大了一些而已。后来姚广孝奉旨主持编纂《永乐大典》才离开了潭柘寺，但其在潭柘寺隐居修行时的住所少师静室，至今犹存遗址。

明代从太祖朱元璋起，历代皇帝及后妃大多信佛，由朝廷拨款，或由太监捐资对潭柘寺进行了多次整修和扩建，使潭柘寺确立了今天的格局。

明代的潭柘寺成为当时对外交流的一个窗口，许多外国人久慕潭柘寺的盛名，而纷纷到此来学习佛法，有的甚至终老于此，其中最著名的有日本的无初德始、东印度的底哇答思、西印度的连公大和尚等人。

万历二十三年，达观大师奉神宗皇帝朱翊钧之命，任潭柘寺的钦命住持。在此期间，由万历皇帝的母亲慈圣宣文明肃皇太后出资，在达观大师的主持下，对潭柘寺进行了大规模的整修。达观大师与朝廷密切，经常奉诏进宫为皇室讲经说法，从而进一步加深了潭柘寺与朝廷的联系。

在明代，潭柘寺曾进行了多次大规模的整修和扩建。宣德年间，“孝诚皇后首赐内币之储，肇造殿宇”，对潭柘寺进行了整修和扩建。从正统三年二月到第二年九月，潭柘寺又大兴土木，在皇室的资助下，扩建寺院，广造佛像。在此期间，英宗皇帝“诏考戒坛”，奉英宗皇帝之命，在寺内修建了戒坛，英宗皇帝赐名为“广善戒坛”，越靖王朱瞻墉还在寺内建造了一座高大的金刚延寿塔，正统四年，明英宗“颁大藏经五千卷”给潭柘寺。

弘治十年(1497年)，司礼监太监戴义出资作为工食费，并奏请明孝宗拨款，对潭柘寺再次进行了整修和扩建。正德二年(1520xx年)三月到次年九月，潭柘寺又进行了历时一年半的整修，“殿庑堂室焕然一新，又增僧舍五十余楹”，再一次扩大了寺院的规模。万历二十二年(1594年)，由孝定皇太后出资，整修潭柘寺，增添殿宇，并建造了方丈院等房舍80余间。

明代的200多年期间内，皇帝几次对寺院赐名，因而寺名几次更改。明宣宗赐名“龙泉寺”，天顺元年，明英宗“敕改仍名嘉福寺”，但民间仍称其为潭柘寺。

清康熙二十五年(1686年)，康熙皇帝降旨，命阜成门内广济寺的住持僧，著名的律宗大师，与自己相交多年的震寰和尚为潭柘寺的钦命住持。当年秋天，康熙皇帝驾临潭柘寺进香礼佛，并且留住了数日，赏赐给潭柘寺御书金刚经10卷、药师经10卷、沉香山1座、寿山石观音1尊、寿山石罗汉18尊。

康熙三十一年，康熙皇帝亲拨库银1万两，整修潭柘寺。在震寰和尚的亲自主持下，从康熙三十一年秋到三十三年夏，历时近两年，整修了殿堂共计300余间，使这座古刹又换新颜。

康熙三十六年，康熙皇帝二游潭柘寺，亲赐寺名为“敕建岫云禅寺”，并亲笔题写了寺额，从此潭柘寺就成为了北京地区最大的一座皇家寺院。

康熙三十七年，康熙皇帝为牌楼亲题匾额，并赐给潭柘寺桂花12桶和龙须竹8杠。

康熙三十八年，康熙皇帝命著名的律宗高僧止安律师为潭柘寺的钦命住持，并赐给潭柘寺镀金剑光吻带四条，安装在大雄宝殿的殿顶上。

清雍正年间一向深居简出的雍正皇帝也专程到潭柘寺进香礼佛。

乾隆七年(1742年)，乾隆皇帝第一次游幸潭柘寺，“赐供银二百金、匾额九、楹联二、诗二、章幅子一轴、法琅五供一堂”。在潭柘寺到处都留下了乾隆皇帝的墨宝。乾隆九年，乾隆皇帝把御笔心经和自己手书的诗篇赐给了潭柘寺。

亲爱的朋友们，大家好!欢迎来到我们这个美丽的大公园——颐和园游玩。我叫沈瑶，你们可以称呼我为沈导。在接下来的时间里，希望我对颐和园美景的介绍能换取各位的认同，更希望这里的美景在你们心中留下美好的印象!

我们今天要游览两处美景：昆明湖和长廊，这两处风景也是在我们颐和园里非常著名的。

现在，我们走进这个长廊，你们是不是第一眼看上去这里结构很复杂呢?红漆的柱子呀，绿漆的栏杆呀，一眼望不到底，因为这个是分成273间，总共有700多米长哦!再看看这些横槛，上面有五彩的画，画着人物、花草、风景，几千幅画没有哪两幅是相同的，我看你们手机拍照的内存应该拍不下了吧!走累了，可以在这儿休息一会儿，看看风景，旁边种着许多花花草草，也可以拍照纪念一下哦!

我们刚刚绕了一圈，现在走到昆明湖了，你们看，湖水静静的，可以映出你们的倒影。这儿有一座桥，你们数一数，有几个桥洞呢?我想你们数好了，一共是十七个，当然，它的名字就叫“十七孔桥”。远处，有个小岛，你们在桥上走过去就到了。现在，我的工作完成了，剩下的时间就交给你们自己了，不过，在行程中，不要乱扔果皮和食品包装纸，要保护我们这个美丽的风景。不然，你们以后再来到这里，就只能看到垃圾堆成山的长廊，水面浮着垃圾的昆明湖了。好了，大朋友们和小朋友们，再见喽!

游客朋友们：

您们好，欢迎您到北海公园参观游览。

北海公园位于北京市的中心，是我园现存最悠久、保存最完整的皇家园林之一，距今已有近千年的历史

北海园林的开发始于辽代，金代又在辽代初创的基础上于大定十九年(1179年)建成规模宏伟的太宁宫。太宁宫沿袭我国皇家园林“一池三山”的规制，并将北宋汴京艮岳御园中的太湖石移置于琼华岛上。至元四年(1267年)，元世祖忽必烈以太宁宫琼华岛为中心营建大都，琼华岛及其所在的湖泊被划入皇城，赐名万寿山、太液池永乐十八年(1420xx年)明朝正式迁都北京，万寿山、太液池成为紫禁城西面的御苑，称西苑。明代向南开拓水面，形成三海的格局。清朝承袭明代的西苑，乾隆时期对北海进行大规模的改建，奠定了此后的规模和格局。辛亥革命后，1920xx年北海辟为公园对外开放。1949年新中国成立后，党和政府对北海公园的保护极为重视，拨巨资予以修葺，1961年被国务院公布为第一批全园重点文物保护单位。

北海是中国历史园林的艺术杰作。全园占地69公顷(其中水面39公顷)，主要由琼华岛、东岸、北岸景区组成琼华岛上树木苍郁，殿宇栉比，亭台楼阁，错落有致，白塔耸立山巅，成为公园的标志，环湖垂柳掩映着濠濮间、画舫斋、静心斋、天王殿、快雪堂、九龙壁、五龙亭、小西天等众多著名景点，北海园林博采众长，有北方园林的宏阔气势和江南私家园林婉约多姿的风韵，并蓄帝王宫苑的富丽堂皇及宗教寺院的庄严肃穆，气象万千而又浑然一体，是中国园林艺术的瑰宝。北海位于北京故宫西北，是我国现存历史悠久、规模宏伟的一处古代帝王宫苑。素有人间“仙山琼阁”之美誉这里原是辽、金、元、明、清五个朝代的皇家“离宫御苑 明、清两代，北海与中海、南海合称三海清乾隆年间大规模扩建，现存建筑多为那时所建，基本上已是现在的格局了。

北海全区可分为琼华岛、团城、北海东岸与北岸四个部分琼华岛是全园的中心，岛上建筑、造景繁复多变，堪称北海胜景东部以佛教建筑为主，永安寺、正觉殿、白塔，自下而上，高低错落，其中尤以高耸入云的白塔最为醒目;西部以悦心殿、庆霄楼等系列建筑为主，另有阅古楼、漪澜堂、双虹榭和许多假山隧洞、回廊、曲径等建筑。

北海东、北两岸有建筑群多处，各具特色，有画舫斋、濠濮涧、静心斋、天王殿、小西天、五龙亭、九龙壁等园中园和佛寺建筑北海南为屹立于水滨的团城，以永安桥与琼华岛相连;团城上的建筑按中轴线对称布置，主殿承光殿位于中央，规模宏大，造型精巧。北海公园的面积为68公顷，其中水面约占39公顷总观北海全园的建筑布局，以白塔为中心，以琼华岛为主体的四面景观。山顶耸立的白塔建于清顺治八年(1651年)，内藏有喇嘛经卷和衣钵等四周殿阁相连，形成众星捧月之势湖东岸、北岸有几处庭院、寺庙建筑湖边的五龙亭似飘若动，构成了北海的又一独特景致。位于北岸的九龙壁更是气势磅礴，为中国仅有的三个九龙壁之一园中的“仿膳饭庄”以经营清宫风味菜肴著称。

卢沟桥位于北京西南广安门外30里的永定河上。卢沟桥全长266.5米，宽7.5米，最宽处可达9.3米。有桥墩十座，共11孔，整个桥体都是石结构，关键部位均有银锭铁榫连接，为华北最长的古代石桥。特别是桥墩造法颇有特色，墩下面呈船形，迎水面砌作分水尖，外形像一个尖尖的船头，其作用为抗击流水的冲击。桥上的石刻十分精美，桥身的石雕护栏上共有望柱281根，柱高1.4米，柱头刻莲座，座下为荷叶墩，柱顶刻有众多的石狮。望柱上雕有大小不等、形态各异、数之不尽的石狮子。民间有句歇后语说：“卢沟桥的石狮子——数不清”，明代《帝京景物略》也有卢沟桥的石狮子“数之辄不尽”的记载。许多游人试图搞清数目，但数来数去，眼花乱，最后只有作罢。1962年有关部门专门派人搞了一次清点，逐个编号登记，清点出大小石狮子485个，至此，应该说是“迷团冰释”了。孰料，在1979年的复查中，又发现了17个，这样，大小石狮子的总数应为502个，今后是否还会发现，谁也不敢来划这个句号。著名建筑学家罗哲文先生《名闻中外的卢沟桥》一文曾对这些雕刻精美、神态活现的石狮子有过极为生动的描绘：“……有的昂首挺胸，仰望云天;有的双目凝神，注视桥面;有的侧身转首，两两相对，好像在交谈;有的在抚育狮儿，好像在轻轻呼唤;桥南边东部有一只石狮，高竖起一只耳朵，好似在倾听着桥下潺潺的流水和过往行人的说话……真是千姿百态，神情活现。”天下名桥各擅胜场，而卢沟桥却以高超的建桥技术和精美的石狮雕刻独标风韵，誉满中外，实属古今世界上一大奇观。

永定河原名“卢沟”，又名桑干河，为古漯水的一支。源出山西省宁武县的管涔山，至北京西郊东北角，流经芦师山之西。卢沟之名始自唐代。因其水混浊，又称作小黄河。其河水经常泛滥，河道迁徒不定，故又称无定河。清康熙20xx年疏浚后改名永定河，卢沟之名遂废。

卢沟桥始建于金代大定20xx年(1189年)，是北京现存最古老的连拱石桥。初名广利桥，后因永定河在清康熙37年(1698年)以前叫卢沟河，故改称卢沟桥。此桥始建于金世宗大定20xx年(1189年)，落成于金章宗明昌33年(1192年)。800多年来，后世虽数度废兴，然其雄风浩气一仍其旧。意大利旅行家马可.波罗到此游览后，惊奇万分，盛赞它是“世界上最好的、独一无二的桥”。国外称其为“马可.波罗桥”。

卢沟桥是一座英雄桥。卢沟桥位于北京西南郊，因横跨卢沟而名。卢沟桥一带，是燕地通往华北平原的要津，重要的古渡口。卢沟桥自古就是战略要地、交通咽喉，守桥与夺桥之战不绝于史。在历史上，这座宏伟坚固的联拱石桥还担负着沟通长城内外、联系祖国各地的交通任务。明代赵宽《题卢沟晓月图》诗曰：“银河半落长庚明，城高万户皆鸡声。长桥卧波鳌背耸，上有车马萧萧行。苍烟淡接平芜迥，沙际朦胧见人影。举头一望天宇高，残月苍苍在西岭。”诗中描绘了当年人们在鸡声残月中，车马萧萧、行人匆匆通过卢沟桥赶往京城的繁忙景象。由此可见，卢沟桥是京南通往各地的咽喉要道。桥东不远即为旧宛平城。宛平县始建于明崇帧20xx年(1638年)，曾名拱北城、拱极城，是明清两代守卫京都的重要门户。进入20世纪，在卢沟桥以北不远处又架起一座铁路桥，1920xx年中国的交通大动脉平汉铁路经此全线通车。另外，卢沟桥地区还有两条铁路支线，一达北平、通县;一经丰台与北宁线相接。这样，卢沟桥地区就成为平汉、平绥、平津3条铁路线的汇合点，其战略地位更加重要了。

各位游客，大家好！我是你们的导演颜诗颖，大家可以叫我小颜或颜导。欢迎大家到八达岭观光旅游。今天有幸陪同大家一起参观，我很高兴，希望各位能在八达岭度过一段美好的时光。

游客们，在我们眼前的就是著名的八达岭长城。长城是世界闻名的八大奇迹之一，它东起山海关，西至嘉峪关，足足有一万三千多里长，像一条长龙盘旋在中国北方辽阔的土地上。它不仅是古代劳动人民的血汗和智慧的结晶，还是中国古代文化的象征和中华民族的骄傲。

游客们，现在我们已经登上了长城，您可以发现，这里是人山人海，所以各位要小心谨慎，以免发生意外。现在您向远处看，就可以发现这里的长城分为南北两峰，蜿蜒盘旋于山脊上，景色十分壮观。这高大坚固的长城是用巨大的条石和城砖筑成的。我们站在城墙顶上，您会发现这里像很宽的马路，可供五六匹马并行。现在请到我这边来，看到我身后这成排的垛子了吗？它有着两米多高，上面有瞭望口和射口，可供瞭望和射击用。现在让我们把目光转移，那高高的城台叫烽火台，它分为两层，上面是瞭望台，下层驻扎着许多士兵。士兵们一旦发现敌人，就点燃烽火，将消息传到远方。可见，烽火台在当时的军事中有着多么重要的作用。

站在长城上，踏着脚下的方砖，扶着墙上的条石，您一定会自然地想起古代修筑长城的劳动人民。我们单看这数不清的条石，一块有两三千斤重，那时候没有火车，没有起重机，就靠着无数的肩膀和无数的手，一步一步抬上这陡峭的山岭。多少劳动人民的血汗和智慧，才凝结成前不见头，后不见尾的万里长城。

现在让我来给您讲一个关于长城的故事。传说，有一对夫妻，男的叫范喜良，女的叫孟姜女，在他们结婚时，秦始皇召集百万民夫修筑长城，范喜良也被抓去了。孟姜女在家里苦苦等待夫君，日复一日，年复一年，孟姜女始终没有等到夫君。于是，孟姜女来到长城脚下万里寻夫。不料夫君早已成了一堆白骨，悲伤之下，孟姜女哭倒了长城，自己也成了望夫石。这就是《孟姜女哭长城》的故事。您听了这个故事，是不是对长城有了新的认识了呢？

各位游客：

大家好!

我是这次旅游的导游，我很荣幸能够带领大家去故宫参观旅游，希望我能带给大家最好的服务。

现在展现在我们面前的就是气势雄伟的古代宫殿——故宫了。大家看这个四面就是宫墙，而且宫墙四面都建有高大的城门，南为午门，也就是故宫的正门，北为神武门，东为东华门，西为西华门，这宫墙四门的角楼都是风格独特、造型绮丽的。

现在请跟我一起去故宫中最大的宫殿太和殿看看!这里是明、清皇帝召见百官、发号施令、举行庆典的地方。全殿面阔11间，进深5间，外有廊柱，殿内外共立72跟大柱。殿高35米，殿内净空高达14米，宽63米，面积2377平方米，为全国最大的木构大殿。我再给大家介绍其他的宫殿吧!

现在我们来到了中和殿。中和殿是为帝王太和殿途中的演习礼仪之地。保和殿是皇帝宴请外藩王公贵族和京中文武大臣之处。我们再来看看文华殿，他是明代皇子读书。乾清门是故宫外朝和内廷的分界处，由此向北便是内廷。乾清宫是明、清皇帝居住和处理政务的地方。慈宁宫就是皇上住的地方。你们看过还珠格格这部电视剧吗?它就是在故宫里拍的。

规划严整，气魄雄伟，极为壮观，这就是我国的故宫。无论在平面布局，立体效果以及形式上的雄伟、堂皇、庄严、和谐都属于无与伦比的杰作。它标志着我国悠久的文化传统，显示着500余年前我国在建筑艺术上的卓越成就。

现在大家可以自由参观，可是我要提醒大家一定要注意保持故宫的环境。

北京十渡金沙乐园集旅游、观光、娱乐、健身、康体、休闲于一体，位于十渡国家地质公园八渡村的拒马河畔，园区总面积1500亩，拒马河流经园区全长20xx米，这里山奇水秀、峰林叠翠,河岸绿柳成荫,金沙漫漫,迷人的山野风光让人流连忘返，乐不思归。

北京十渡金沙乐园整个园区分登山游览区、戏水划船区、沙滩娱乐区和综合服务区。您来此可观瀑布、走竹桥、上天梯、看斗泉、钻松林、登顶峰、吸鲜氧、眺美景;也可游泳、戏水、乘筏、划船、驾车、打球,还可乘丛林飞鼠、激流勇进、海盗船等大中型游乐设施，挑战自我，享受新鲜刺激，或漫步沙滩，沐浴阳光，自在休闲。金沙乐园是您娱乐、健身、休闲、渡假的理想去处，还为您提供吃、住、玩一条龙服务。总之，金沙乐园皆妙趣，娱乐无限各不同，健康娱乐释激情，山欢水笑迎嘉宾。

地址: 北京房山区十渡国家地质公园八渡村

各位旅客朋友们：

大家好!

什刹海景区范围大体是什刹海景区位于北京城区中轴线的西北部，东起地安门外大街北侧;南自地安门西大街向西至龙头井向西北接柳荫街、羊房胡同、新街口东街到新街口北大街，西自新街口北大街向北到新街口豁口;北自新街口豁口向东到德胜门，由德胜门沿鼓楼西大街到钟、鼓楼。

什刹海景区历史文化积淀深厚，有文物保护单位40余处，占西城区的三分之一以上。历史上本地区曾建有王府、寺观、庵庙等多达30余座，现仍尚存10几处。什刹海34公顷的水面十分自然地融入城市街区之中，依托水体，还有湖岸的垂柳、水中的荷花等也成为什刹海频具特色自然景观。号称“燕京小八景”之一的“银锭观山”在景区中具有典型意义。什刹海景区具有大量典型的胡同和四合院，如金丝套地区的大、小金丝胡同，南、北官房胡同和后海北沿的鸦儿胡同以及白米斜街、烟袋斜街等。

大家好：我是你们的导游，你们可以叫我小王。先感谢你们来北京旅游，

你们知道“鸟巢”象征的意义吗?还是我来告诉你们吧!很多看过“鸟巢”设计模型的人这样形容：那是一个用树枝般的钢网把一个可容10万人的体育场编织成的一个温馨鸟巢!用来孕育与呵护生命的“巢”，寄托着人类对未来的希望。?我再来讲一下“鸟巢”的节省资源之处.?设计并搭建“鸟巢”不易，要让“鸟巢”在未来的日子里充满生机与活力更为不易。据介绍，“鸟巢”设计之初和深化设计的过程中，一直贯穿着节俭办奥运和可持续发展的理念，在满足奥运使用功能的前提下，充分考虑永久设施和临时设施的平衡。按照要求，“鸟巢”共设10万个座席，其中8万个是永久性的，另外两万个是奥运会期间临时增加的。?我现在给大家一些时间，如果想拍照就可以多照几张，多留些纪念。好了你们自由活动吧!

下面我再带大家去水立方游玩，水立方即国家游泳中心，位于北京奥林匹克公园内，20__年12月24开工。是北京为20__年夏季奥运会修建的主游泳馆，也是20__年北京奥运会标志性建筑物之一。

其与国家体育场(俗称鸟巢)分列于北京城市中轴线北端的两侧，共同形成相对完整的北京历史文化名城形象。

20__年奥运会期间，国家游泳中心承担游泳、跳水、花样游泳、水球等比赛，可容纳观众坐席17000座，其中永久观众坐席为6000座，奥运会期间增设临时性座位11000个(赛后将拆除)。赛后将建成为具有国际先进水平的、集游泳、运动、健身、休闲于一体的中心。现在大家尽情的游玩吧!

亲爱的游客们，你们好吗?我是你们的导游，你们可以叫我刘导，我们今天所要参观的就是以前皇帝祭天的地方天坛。

明朝永乐皇帝在北京南城仿照南京的大祀殿建立了这作用于祭天的圣坛，主建筑是大祀殿，也就是今天祈年殿的位置上。天坛有外坛墙和内坛墙，北面是圆形，南面是方形，取意天圆地方。

现在我们正沿着天坛建筑的中轴线向南行进，将要看到的就是古代皇帝祭天的圜丘坛。圜丘有两道围护墙，使外方内圆，符合天圆地方的说法。需要特别提到的是皇帝恭读祝文所站立的地方，就是刚才所说的台面中心天心石。他是天坛三大声学现象之一。在这里朗读的时候声音特别洪亮，而且现在这里也是一样的，各位游客不妨体会一下这奇特的效果，也像当年的皇帝一样，向上天诉说自己美好的愿望。

也许您刚才就已经注意到了，天坛有非常多的柏树，不错，它就好像北京一个天然的氧吧。而在这许多古柏当中，有一株500余岁的桧柏，就是回音壁西墙外的这棵九龙柏。它的树干纹理非常的奇特，布满了沟壑，而且旋转扭曲，好像9条蟠龙缠绕嬉戏，所以叫它九龙柏真是一点也不过分。请大家不要攀爬树木，注意自己的言行，这是一个神圣的地方，我们要保持宁静的心态，

解放以后天坛不仅成了着名的旅游景点，而且还是北京城市绿地的组成部分，来这里的不光是旅游者，还不乏一些专门为了强身健体的老人们。

今天的游览结束了，希望这次游览能让大家记住、在大家的心里留下深刻的回忆。

希望大家下次再来哦。

潭柘寺寺院坐北朝南，主要建筑可分为中、东、西三路，中路主体建筑有山门、天王殿、大雄宝殿、斋堂和毗卢阁。东路有方丈院、延清阁、行宫院、万寿宫和太后宫等。西路有愣严坛(已不存)、戒台和观音殿等，庄严肃穆。此外，还有位于山门外山坡上的安乐堂和上、下塔院以及建于后山的少师静室、歇心亭、龙潭、御碑等。塔院中共有71座埋葬和尚的砖塔或石塔。

山门外是一座3楼4柱的木牌坊，牌楼前有古松二株，枝叶相互搭拢，犹如绿色天棚，牌楼前有一对石狮，雄壮威武。过牌坊是单孔石拱桥，名“怀远桥”，过桥就是山门。

天王殿殿中供弥勒像，背面供韦驮像，两侧塑高约3米的四大天王神像。天王殿两旁为钟鼓楼，后面是大雄宝殿。宝殿面阔五间，重檐庑殿顶，黄琉璃瓦绿剪边，上檐额题“清静庄严”，下檐额题“福海珠轮”。

正脊两端各有一巨型碧绿的琉璃鸱吻，是元代遗物，上系以金光闪闪的鎏金长链。殿内正中供奉硕大的佛祖塑像，神态庄严，后有背光，背光上雕饰有大鹏金翅鸟、龙女、狮、象、羊、火焰纹等。佛像左右分立“阿难”、“伽叶”像，均为清代遗物。大雄宝殿后为斋堂院，是和尚们吃饭的地方，堂后有三圣殿，但此二殿均已拆除。只剩两株娑罗树和两株银杏树，树体高大。中轴线终点是一座楼阁式的建筑，名毗卢阁，高二层，木结 构。站在毗卢阁上纵目远眺，寺庙及远山尽收眼底。

寺院东路由庭院式建筑组成，有方丈院、延清阁和清代皇帝的行宫院，主要建筑有万寿宫、太后宫等。院中幽静雅致、碧瓦朱栏、流泉淙淙、修竹丛生，颇有些江南园林的意境。院内有流杯亭一座，名猗轩亭。

寺院西路大多是寺院式的殿堂，主要建筑有戒坛、观音殿和龙王殿等等，一层层排列，瑰丽堂皇。戒坛是和尚们受戒之处，台上有释迦牟尼像，像前有三把椅子，两侧各有一长凳，是三师七证的坐处;观音殿是全寺最高处，上有乾隆手书莲界慈航，内供观世音菩萨，敛目合什，隽秀端庄。

我们现在们在天坛的昭亨门，也就是现在天坛的南大门。

天坛，位于北京城区的东南部，原是明、清两代皇帝祭天、祈谷的圣地，是世界现存规模最大的祭天建筑群。

天坛，建于明朝永乐四年至十八年(1406——1420)，与紫禁城(故宫)同时兴建。耗时20xx年，距今已有580多年历史。其占地273公顷，比故宫大3.7倍，略小于颐和园。整个建筑布局呈"回"字形，分为内外坛两大部分，各有坛墙围括。外坛墙总长6416米，原来仅设西门，为天坛的正门，是当年皇帝前来天坛祭祀时进出的大门。现在的东、南、北各门，都是后来开辟的。内坛墙总长3292米，分设有东、南、西、北四大"天门"。明代初年，祭天地都在此处举行，名为天地坛。嘉靖九年(1530年)，在北郊另建方泽坛(地坛)后，才实行天地分祭，从此这里专门用于祭天，成为名副其实的天坛。 历代封建皇帝对祭天活动都极为重视，每年要两次亲临天坛祭天。第一次是在农历正月十五日，至祈年殿举行祈谷礼，祀(si)"皇天上帝"保佑五谷丰登，第二次是在冬至，至圜丘坛禀告五谷业已丰收，感谢天帝的保佑之恩。新中国成立后，天坛回到了真正当家作主的人民手中，并被列为全国重点文物保护单位。

我们从南门进去，向北走，首先看到的就是在昭亨门西面的三座高大的石台，它叫作台。台上有长杆，叫望灯杆，该杆始建于明嘉靖九年(1530)，杆长九丈九尺九寸。祭天时，三根灯杆上各吊一只直径六尺、高八尺的大灯笼，所用特制，长四尺，粗一尺，并铸有凸龙花纺。燃点时不灭，不流油，不剪蜡花，可燃烧十二个小时，名为“蟠龙通宵宝蜡”。

此刻在我们眼前的便是圜丘坛俗称祭天台，这是名副其实的天坛。建于明嘉靖九年(1530)，清乾隆十四年(1749)扩建，是一座四周由白石雕栏围护的三层石造圆台，通高五米，明、清两代，每年冬至日皇帝亲临的祭天礼仪，就在此坛举行。 圜丘坛在建筑形式上，有着许多神奇有趣的说法。这是我国古代人民巧妙运用几何学原理设计的一座杰出建筑，各项建筑材料的数学计算均极其精确，其中包含"九"的含义与运用深为中外广大游人所赞叹与称奇。

圜丘坛共分三层，每层四面各有台阶九级。每层周围都设有精雕细刻的汉白玉石栏杆。栏杆的数字均为九或九的倍数，即上层72根、中层108根、下层180根。同时，各层铺设的扇面形石板，也是九或九的倍数。如最上层的中心是一块圆形大理石(称作天心石或太极石)，从中心石向外，第一环为9块，第二环18块，到第九环81块;中层从第十环的90块至十八环的162块;下层从十九环的171块至二十七环的243块，三层共378个"九"，为3402块。 同时，上层直径为9丈(取一九)，中层直径为十五丈(取三五)，下层直径为21丈(取三七)，合起来45丈，不但是九的倍数，而且还有""之尊的含义。为什么要用九或九的倍数来设计建造祭坛呢?原因是：一、据神话传说，皇天上帝是住在九重天里，用九或九的倍数来象征九重天，以表示天体的至高与至大。二、在我国古代把单数(奇数)看作阳数，而将双数(偶数)视为阴数。天为阳、地为阴。天坛是用来祭天的，只能用阳数进行建筑。而"九"又被视为"极阳数"，这是最吉祥的数字。除了封建迷信的因素外，而这种设计规制，却反映出当时工匠们高超的数学知识和计算才能，实在令人叹服。

从南门进入圜丘坛，在内墙南隅有一座用绿琉璃砖砌成的燔炉，是祭天时焚烧松柏木和祭祀后烧祝版、祝帛的地方，燔炉旁有一座瘗坎，祭典结束，把扬供全牛的尾毛血等埋在坎内，像征不忘祖先茹毛饮血的意思。大家看在燔炉前排有8座燎炉，这些是专为祭天时焚烧松柏枝、松花、松塔等用的，在坛东、西门内还各有一对。

现在我们来到了皇穹宇，它距今已有四百多年历史。殿高19.5米，底部直径15.6米。砖木结构，整个殿宇用八根檐柱支撑，顶无横梁，由众多斗拱层层上叠，天花板层层收缩，组成美丽的穹窿圆顶式的藻井。殿内正中的石台宝座，是放置皇天上帝神牌的地方;宝座前左右的石台，是放置皇帝历代祖先牌位之处。殿外的东西配殿，为供奉日月星辰和云雨风雷诸神牌位之所。现按原样陈列，并塑有清代祭天官员的蜡像。

现在是我给大家介绍回音壁，它是指围括皇穹宇和东西配殿的高大的圆形围墙而言。围墙周长193.2米，直径61.5米，墙高3.72 米，厚0.9米。如果两个人分别站在院内东西配殿后的墙下，均面部朝北对墙低声说话，可像打电话一样互相对话，极其奇妙有趣，这就是回音壁得名的由来。

下面介绍的是迷人的圆心石回音 圜丘坛上层中心有一块圆心石，是游人最感兴趣的又一奇妙之处。当你站在圆心石上轻声说话时，自己听起来声音很宏大，有共鸣性回音之感。但站在第二、三环以外的人，则无此种感觉。为什么呢?原来，这也是一种声学现象：由于坛面十分光洁平滑，声波传到周围等距离的石栏围板后，能够迅速地被反射回来。据声学专家测验，从发音到声波再回到圆心石的时间，总共仅有零点零七秒钟。说话者根本无法分清它的原音和回音，所以站在圆心石的人听起来，其共鸣性回音就格外响亮。封建统治者则把这种声学现象说成是"上天垂象"，是天下万民对于朝廷的无限归心与一致响应，同时并赋予"亿兆景从石"的美名。

大家好!今天由我带领你们到恭亲王府一游。你们可以叫我陈导。

恭亲王府的建筑，可分为府邸和花园两部分。进了大门，站在院子里，我们会发现恭亲王府的府邸是由很多间四合院组成。看到两旁排列整齐的房屋。房子的四个角是尖的，房屋是灰色的，房顶还有雕刻的蝙蝠石像。走过正洋门就来到了后花园，园中散置了叠石假山，曲廊亭榭，池塘花木后花园的花种类繁多、有翠绿的竹子、粉色的月季。还有一个人工湖，像一只蝙蝠的形状。显示了皇家的高贵和奢侈。在恭亲王府内随处可见蝙蝠形状的东西以及雕刻的蝙蝠，因为和珅是回民，蝙蝠的蝠和福气的福是同音。和珅非常聪明很会讨皇帝的喜爱，他当时位居皇帝之下万人之上，皇帝是祈求万岁，和珅就想自己万福，据记载在恭王府大大小小的蝙蝠共有九千九百九十九个，连同后花园中的福字碑的福就正好是万福。

恭亲王府有三绝一宝。 第一绝是藏宝楼。长一百五十六米，共一百零八个房间。每个房间的后窗都不一样，人们推测是和珅用来区分财宝的类别的标记，因为这么多的财宝竟然没有账簿。这些财宝相当于十亿两白银。比当时国库里的钱还多很多。第二绝，是进入后花园的大门，叫作西洋门，是手工白玉雕刻而成。是当时中国唯一的一个拱门。第三绝，是戏楼，因为乾陵皇帝经常来看戏。所以变得有名。

一宝是康熙皇帝写得“福"字。这个“福”字是由子、才、多、寿、田组成的。意思是多子、多才、多寿、多田。因为乾陵皇帝宠爱和珅，所以把这个福字碑送给了他。

今天的恭亲王府一日游到此结束。欢迎大家下次光临。

北京植物园是一个集科普、科研、游览等功能于一体的综合性植物园，是国家重点建设的植物园之一。

北京植物园在海淀区香山公园和玉泉山(西山卧佛寺附近)之间，1956年经国务院批准建立，是集植物科学研究、植物知识普及、游览观赏休憩、种质资源保存、新优植物推广等功能为一体的大型综合性植物园。其规划面积400公顷，现已建成开放游览区200公顷，由植物展览区、名胜古迹区，科研区和自然保护区组成。园内引种栽培植物10000余种(含品种)近150万株。占地900亩左右。收集栽种植物3000余种，是目前我国北方最大的植物园，也是专门从事植物引种驯化理论研究和实验的科研基地。全园以植物展览温室为中心，共13个展室，栽有1500多种热带、亚热带植物，其中有石头花、光棍树、舞蹈兰等珍贵植物。

北京植物园由植物展览区、名胜古迹人文景观、自然保护区和科研区组成。

植物展览区包括观赏植物区(专类园)、树木园、盆景园、温室花卉区。观赏植物区由牡丹园、月季园、碧桃园、丁香院、海棠园、盆景园、木兰园、集秀园(竹园)、宿根花卉园、芍药园和正在筹建中的梅园等11各专类园组成;树木园由银杏松柏区、槭树蔷薇区、椴树杨柳区、木兰小檗区和悬铃木麻栎区、泡桐白蜡区组成。名胜古迹游览区由卧佛寺、樱桃沟、隆教寺遗址、“一二·九”纪念亭、梁启超墓、黄叶村曹雪芹纪念馆组成。园内引种和栽培植物56万余株，5000余种，铺草90万平方米。园内有科研楼、科普馆。卧佛寺始建于唐代，是国家级文物保护单位，保护和展示着世界罕见的元代铜铸的释迦牟尼卧像，樱桃沟林木茂密，是规划中的自然保护区。曹雪芹纪念馆展示了曹雪芹的生平及其在西山著书《红楼梦》的场景。

北京植物园是北京市园林局指定的新优植物引种、驯化、繁育基地。现今的北京植物园已初具规模，正在发挥着越来越大的社会效益和环境效益，越来越受到市民的喜爱。

20__年1月北京植物园被评为首批国家AAAA级旅游景区，20__年3月通过ISO9000质量管理体系和ISO14000环境管理体系双认证并是首批认证的精品公园，20__年在首都文明行业考评中取得优异成绩。植物园正以优美的环境、优良的秩序、优质的服务和优秀的文化迎接着国内外宾客。

北京植物园(简称南园)拥有各类植物3000多种，主要参观点是温室展览区，内有13个展区，植物1500多种。其中热带植物占1000多种，有棕榈植物、热带水生植物、王莲室、多浆植物室、药用植物室、工业原料植物、兰科植物、芳香植物、热带果树及柑桔类植物等。这里的树木园占地7万平方米，内有我国稀有树种银杉，还有美洲的红杉、斯里兰卡的菩提树等。这里还有专类花园和国家植物标本馆。

北京植物园展览温室于1998年3月28日动工兴建，20__年1月1日开始接待游人，展览温室建筑面积9800平方米，占地5.5公顷，是目前亚洲最大，世界单体温室面积最大的展览温室，其面积比昆明世博会温室还大一倍，堪称中国建筑史上的大手笔。

温室分为热带雨林室、沙漠植物室、兰花、凤梨及食虫植物室和四季花园等，展示热带、亚热带植物3100余种，展示独木成林、绞杀、板根、老茎生花等奇特现象。展览温室是进行植物科普教育的基地，也是进行植物资源保护和科学研究的主要场所。作为北京市迈向国际化大都市的标志性工程，展览厅温室正日益发挥着巨大的社会效益。

北京植物园展览温室是北京市迎接建国50周年的重点工程，位于植物园中轴路西侧，建筑面积17000平方米，占地5.5公顷，投资2.6亿元。展览温室建筑设计由北京建筑设计研究院承担，以“绿叶对根的回忆”构想为设计主题，独具匠心地设计了“根茎”交织的倾斜玻璃顶棚，仿佛一片绿叶飘落在西山脚下。展室植物布展设计由北京园林古建设计研究院承担。展览温室地下基础于1998年3月底动工修建，主体钢结构和玻璃幕墙将于1999年5月完成，20__年元月1日对外开放。展览温室划分为四个主要展区：热带雨林区、沙漠植物区、四季花园和专类植物展室。展示植物3100种60000余株，为群众提供观赏丰富多彩的植物景观、学习科学知识、具有较高品位的游览点。同时，又是进行园艺研究和国际交往的场所。展览温室工程荣获全国第十届优秀工程设计项目金质奖，20__年度国家优质工程银质奖，北京市第十届优秀工程设计一等奖，“大型展览温室植物引种与设计的研究”课题获北京市科技进步二等奖，被评为北京市九十年代十大建筑。