故宫六年级导游词(精选20篇)

女士们、先生们：

今天，我带领大家去故宫参观游览。

大家可以看到现在，那座耸立在台阶以上的三层建筑物就是故宫。故宫，又称紫禁城，是明清两代的皇宫，故宫是世界是现存规模最大最完整的古代木结构建筑群，为我国现存最大最完整的古代木结构建筑群。它始建于明永乐四年(公元1460年)，厉时十四年才完工，共有24位皇帝先后在此登基。 历史很悠久，请细细观赏。无与伦比的古代建筑杰作 紫禁城占地72万多平方米，共有宫殿9000多间，都是木结构、黄琉璃瓦顶、青白石底座，饰以金碧辉煌的彩画。这些宫殿是沿着一条南北向中轴线排列，并向两旁展开，南北取直，左右对称。这条中轴线不仅贯穿在紫禁城内，而且南达永定门，北到鼓楼、钟楼，贯穿了整个城市，气魄宏伟，规划严整，极为壮观。建筑学家们认为故宫的设计与建筑，实在是一个无与伦比的杰作，它的平面布局，立体效果，以及形式上的雄伟、堂皇、庄严、和谐，都可以说是上罕见的。它标志着我们祖国悠久的文化传统，显示着五百多年前匠师们在建筑上的卓越成就，怎么样，很佩服吧!

我们接着看。故宫里最吸引人的建筑是三座大殿：太和殿、中和殿和保和殿。它们 都建在汉白玉砌成的8米高的台基上，远望犹如神话中的琼宫仙阙。第一 座大殿太和殿是最富丽堂皇的建筑，俗称“金銮殿”，是皇帝举行大典的 地方，殿高28米，东西63米，南北35米，有直径达1米的大柱92根，其中6 根围绕御座的是沥粉金漆的蟠龙柱。御座设在殿内高2米的台上，前有造型 美观的仙鹤、炉、鼎，后面有精雕细刻的围屏。整个大殿装饰得金碧辉煌， 庄严绚丽。中和殿是皇帝去太和殿举行大典前稍事休息和演习礼仪的地方。 保和殿是每年除夕皇帝赐宴外藩王公的场所。

跟大家说，游览故宫，一是欣赏丰富多彩的建筑艺术;二是观赏陈列于室内的珍 贵的文物。故宫博物院藏有大量珍贵文物，据统计总共达1052653件之多， 统称有文物100万件，占全国文物总数的1/6，其中有很多是绝无仅有的国 宝。在几个宫殿中设立了历代艺术馆、珍宝馆、钟表馆等，爱好艺术的人 在这些无与伦比的艺术品前，往往久久不忍离去。设在故宫东路的珍宝馆， 展出各种奇珍异宝。如一套清代金银珠云龙纹甲胄，通身缠绕着16条龙，形 状生动，穿插于云朵之间。甲胄是用约60万个小钢片连结起来的，每个钢 片厚约1毫米，长4毫米，宽1。5毫米，钻上小孔，以便穿线连结。据说，为 制造这套甲胄，共用了4万多个工时。厉害!

由于时间关系，我们就先讲到这里，下面给大家2小时自由参观的时间，请大家不要在墙上乱涂乱画，保护文化遗产，希望大家玩的愉快。

大家好!我叫朱芮娴，是大伙的导游，大伙可以叫我朱导。今天，我们要观光世界遗产----北京故宫。

故宫又称紫禁城，在北京城中心。占面积72万多平方米，宫殿有楼阁9900余间。是明、清两代皇帝的住所。城四周各设一门，南面的正门是午门，北门叫神武门，东门叫东华门，西门叫西华门。据说，造就故宫就召集了全国著名的工匠23万人左右，民夫100万人，由此可以知道故宫多少大，有多少壮观。故宫整个院落分为两大部分，即“前朝”和“后寝”。“前朝”是皇帝举行盛大典礼的地方，以太和殿、中和殿、保和殿及东西两侧的文华殿及武英殿为主。“后寝”是皇帝及后妃、未成年的子嗣们居住的地方，主要以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫及东西六宫为主。

大家请看，这座建筑物就是午门，午门又称五凤楼。明代，每年正月十五，午门都要悬挂灯赐食百官。到了清代，这个活动就取消了，此外，国家凡有征战凯旋时，皇帝都要在此接受献俘典礼，皇帝亲征也从午门出驾。关于戏曲舞台上“推出午门斩首”的说法，实际上是明代朝廷命官犯罪在午门廷杖，好，我们再往前走。

现在我们已来到了太和殿广常这是铜香炉，这里一共有18 个，代表清朝18个剩东西两侧各有一只铜制的仙鹤和龟，是代表长寿的象征。看，现在展现在我们眼前的是太和殿，是整座紫禁城内级别最高的建筑，只有皇帝举行盛大典礼时才使用，象征皇权的至高无上，。太和殿俗称金銮殿，太和殿正面有12根大柱，东西约63米，高35米。整个大殿雕梁画栋，一条条巨龙蜿蜒盘旋在大红柱子上，这些龙姿态不一，刻画的栩栩如生。整个宫殿也非常豪华富贵。殿内有2米高的平台，上面雕刻着9条金龙的宝座。后面有金漆围屏，前面有御案。殿顶形式为最高等级的重檐庑殿顶，就连大殿正脊上的吻兽也是我国目前最大的，总之处处显示“第一”。

看完了太和殿，我们再来看中和殿。大家请看!中和殿是皇帝在大典前等待吉时、稍事休息的地方。下面，请大家跟我来一起参观当时的国宴厅--保和殿。各位朋友，这座大殿是故宫前朝三大殿中的最后一座大殿，叫保和殿。这座大殿被称为清代的国宴厅及科举考常

现在我们来到了乾清宫，这是皇帝在紫禁城中居住和处理日常政事的地方。乾清宫分为中殿、东暖阁及西暖阁三个部分。正殿是皇帝处理日常政务、临时按见大臣的地方，殿中设有皇帝宝座及御案，正中挂着一块“正大光明”匾，那是清朝皇帝的祖训，作为治国、修身、平天下的基本准则。东、西暖阁是皇帝晚上住宿的地方。

现在请各位随我去参观交泰殿。各位请看，这座四角攒尖顶的大殿叫交泰殿，这座建筑是明清两朝皇后过生日时举行寿庆活动的地方。在大殿后墙匾额上有“无为”二字，那里是康熙皇帝的御笔，意思是希望后代能够以德制国，施以仁政，以图国家长治久安。

各位朋友，现在我们来到了紫禁城的后花园--御花园，这里是帝后们的休闲娱乐的场所。大家可以在此拍照留念。

很高兴今天能为大家讲解，那么接下去的时间就交由你们各自安排。另外，请爱护我们的文化遗产，不要随意破坏他们，谢谢。

各位游客大家好，我是您们的导游员小宋，今天我们要去的景点是故宫，现在我们就开始今天的游览行程吧。

我们有时候还把故宫叫做紫禁城，而它的名称是怎样得来的呢?我国古代天文学家把天上的主要恒星分为三垣、四象和二十八星宿。三垣是太微垣、紫微垣和天市垣。其中紫薇垣居中，是天上皇帝所居住的地方，称为紫宫。封建帝王自称是天帝的儿子，所以他们也把自己居住的皇宫象征为天上的紫宫。而且皇帝居住的地方戒备森严，不许庶民百姓接近，是绝对的禁地，又称为禁宫，所以这里也被叫做紫禁城。这里共有四道门，分别是午门、神武门、东华门和西华门。而紫禁城的正门就是午门，因为在罗盘上，上午的代表正南，所以午门也是南大门的意思。它的平面呈“凹”字型，从汉代的门阙形制演变过来。下端有高12米的墩台，正中的墩台上面有门楼，两侧还设有钟鼓亭，东西两侧突出的部分叫观，上部各有廊庑13间，两端还建有重檐攒尖方亭。中央的广场叫阙。在明清两代，这里是朝廷举行颁朔大典和献俘典礼的地方。正中开了三道门，两侧都有掖门，这种做法称为“明三暗五”。五个门洞都有各自的用途：中门是皇帝专用的，或者皇帝大婚的时候，皇后可以从这里入宫，科考三甲也可以从这里入宫;平时，文武百官走左门，宗室王公走右门;掖门只有在大型活动的时候才开，三品以下的官员按照文东武西分别通过东西掖门，外国使节要从西掖门才可以入宫;在殿试的时候，考生分单双号，从东西掖门中通过。

进入午门，我们首先看到的就是内金水河，它自西向东蜿蜒流过太和门广场，上边还有五座汉白玉石桥，就是内金水桥了。内金水河的作用不仅是故宫中排水的主要通道，也是建筑和灭火的主要水源，同时还起到了点缀景观的作用，使太和门广场在雄浑中不失秀美。

在太和门两旁还有两道门，就是德昭门和贞度门。每逢皇帝出宫，都要在太和门换车，而且皇帝大婚的时候，皇后也要从太和门进入皇宫。在光绪四年的时候就发生了这样一件事：在光绪皇帝大婚前夕，太和门突然被火烧毁了，可是大婚当天皇后要从这里经过，所以朝廷就在北京寻找了能工巧匠，连夜用彩绸还有木料搭建了一座假的太和门，才使得婚礼如期进行，而在第二年，太和门才重建完成。

过了太和门我们就进入了太和殿广场，它面积有3万多平方米，在每年的元旦、冬至、还有皇帝生日以及一些重大活动的时候，都要在太和殿以及太和殿广场举行隆重的朝礼。

大家好!我是你们的导游-夏乐帆。

今天，我带你们去的地方是北京故宫。

北京故宫是明清两代皇家宫殿，旧称紫禁城，总面积约70平方千米。

北京故宫是一座长方形的城池，城外大约50米宽的护城河。

让我们走进故宫游览吧。

注意，不要破坏公物，也不要随处乱扔垃圾。

走进故宫，那扇大红色的门与我们现在的门实在不一样。

门上有许多金黄色的钉子，一共有九九八十一个。

故宫里的门，钉子数量越多就越高贵。

进了故宫，映入眼帘的是太和殿。

太和殿也叫金銮殿，是举行大典礼的地方。

大家看一看太和殿周边的墙壁，有许多龙头，雕刻得栩栩如生，惟妙惟肖。

这些龙头是用来排积水的，也就是现在的排水口。

每当下雨时，就能看到“千龙吐珠”的壮观景象。

太和殿前的三层汉白玉石阶非常显眼。

石阶中间是刻着龙的玺彩画。

玺彩画由一块大大的汉白玉调成的，长16米，宽3米，重大200吨，这就是“云龙石阶”。

石阶上雕刻的九条凌空飞舞的巨龙，高高凸起，姿态不一，栩栩如生。

巨龙身下是万朵云彩。

殿旁，有两口满满的大缸，名叫太平缸，是用来灭火的。

因为古时候，人们冬天时经常上山砍柴，在家烧火取暖，所以容易发生火灾。

看，古时候的人们考虑得多么周到啊。

大家是否注意到，故宫里一棵树也没有!这是为什么呢?一是皇帝为了防止有人藏在树上射杀他;二是害怕刺客躲在林间刺杀他;三是为了故宫高贵的气质。

北京故宫建于1420xx年，1420xx年建成。

建成后，常遭焚毁，总是在重建。

我们现在看到的故宫其实是清朝时重建的。

故宫除了太和殿，还有中和殿、宝和殿等。

游客们，请你们尽情参观吧。

各位朋友，这座大殿是故宫前朝三大殿中的最后一座大殿，叫保和殿。

这座大殿被称为清代的国宴厅及科举考场，自乾隆皇帝以后，这里便成为每四年一次的皇家科举考场。

好啦!故宫的前三殿讲解到此结束，现在请大家参观保和殿并稍适休息，我们10分钟后集合，谢谢大家!

各位，故宫整个院落分为两大部分，即"前朝"和"后寝"."前朝"是皇帝举行盛大典礼的地方，以太和殿、中和殿、保和殿及东西两侧的文华殿及武英殿为主。

"后寝"是皇帝及后妃、未成年的子嗣们居住的地方，主要以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫及东西六宫为主。

现在，我介绍一下故宫的后半部分，即"后寝".

各位朋友，现在我们来到了乾清宫，这是皇帝在紫禁城中居住和处理日常政事的地方。

乾清宫分为中殿、东暖阁及西暖阁三个部分。

正殿是皇帝处理日常政务、临时按见大臣的地方，殿中设有皇帝宝座及御案，正中挂着一块"正大光明"匾，那是清朝皇帝的祖训，作为治国、修身、平天下的基本准则。

东、西暖阁是皇帝晚上住宿的地方。

由于时间关系，我们就先讲到这里，现在请各位随我去参观交泰殿。

各位请看，这座四角攒尖顶的大殿叫交泰殿，这座建筑是明清两朝皇后过生日时举行寿庆活动的地方。

在大殿后墙匾额上有"无为"二字，那里是康熙皇帝的御笔，意思是希望后代能够以德制国，施以仁政，以图国家长治久安。

各位朋友，现在我们来到了紫禁城的后花园--御花园，这里是帝后们的休闲娱乐的场所。

大家可以在这座名字叫堆秀山的假山前拍照留念。

好啦，各位朋友，故宫中路的讲解到此结束。

大家好，我是你们今天的导游，很高兴今天能和你一起度过，下面由我来给大家讲讲沈阳故宫吧：

沈阳故宫是我国仅存的两大宫殿建筑群之一，沈阳故宫占地面积六万多平方米，有古建筑114座，500多间，至今保存完好，是一处包含着丰富历史文化的古代遗址。在宫廷遗址上建立的沈阳故宫博物院是著名的古代宫廷艺术博物馆，藏品中包含十分丰富的宫廷艺术品。

1961年，国务院将沈阳故宫确定为国家第一批全国重点文物保护单位;20__年7月1日，在中国苏州召开的第28届世界遗产委员会会议批准沈阳故宫作为明清皇宫文化遗产扩展项目列入《世界文化遗产名录》。

大政殿

大政殿是一座八角重檐亭式建筑，俗称 八角殿。始建于1625年，是 清太祖努尔哈赤营建的重要宫殿，是盛京皇宫内最庄严最神圣的地方。初称大衙门，1636定名笃恭殿，后改大政殿。八角重檐攒尖式，八面出廊，其下为须弥座台基。殿顶满铺黄琉璃瓦，镶绿剪边，正中相轮火焰珠顶，宝顶周围有八条铁链各与力士相连。殿前两明柱各有金龙盘柱，殿内为梵文天花和降龙藻井。殿内设有宝座、屏风及熏炉、香亭、鹤式烛台等。大政殿用于举行大典，如皇帝即位，颁布诏书，宣布军队出征，迎接将士凯旋等。此殿为清太宗皇太极举行重大典礼及重要政治活动的场所。

1644年(顺治元年)皇帝福临在此登基继位。

十王亭

十王亭位于大政殿两侧八字形依次排列，是满族八旗制度在宫殿建筑的反映，此建筑布局为中国古代宫廷建筑史所仅见。

其东侧五亭由北往南依次为 左翼王亭、 镶黄旗亭、 正白旗亭、 镶白旗亭、 正蓝旗亭;

西侧五亭依次为右翼王亭、 正黄旗亭、 正红旗亭、 镶红旗亭、 镶蓝旗亭。

是清初八旗各主旗 贝勒、大臣议政及处理政务之处。这种君臣合署在宫殿办事的现象，历史上少见。从建筑上看，大政殿也是一个亭子，不过它的体量较大，装饰比较华丽，因此称为宫殿。大政殿和成八字形排开的10座亭子，其建筑格局乃脱胎于少数民族的帐殿。这11座亭子，就是11座帐篷的化身。帐篷是可以流动迁移的，而亭子就固定起来了，显示了满族文化发展的一个里程。

大清门

大清门是盛京皇宫(今沈阳故宫博物院)的 正门，俗称午门，它是一座面阔五间的硬山式建筑，房顶满铺琉璃瓦，饰以绿剪边，尤其是大清门山墙的最上端，南北突出的四个墀头，三面皆用五彩琉璃镶嵌而成，纹饰为凸出的海水云龙及象征吉祥的各种动物，做工精巧，栩栩如生。此门庄严富丽，与整个宫殿建筑混成一体，显得十分协调。

大清门建于天聪六年(1632年)之前，为盛京皇宫中皇太极续修的早期建筑之一。原称大门、正门。1636年定宫殿名时称大门为大清门。大清门的满文译音为“代青杜卡”(代青即大清，杜卡为门)。

崇政殿

崇政殿在中路前院正中，俗称“ 金銮殿”，是沈阳故宫最重要的 建筑。整座大殿全是木结构，面阔五间进深三间。前后出廊硬山式，辟有隔扇门，前后出廊，围以石雕的栏杆。殿顶铺黄琉璃瓦，镶绿剪边，正脊饰五彩琉璃龙纹及火焰珠。殿身的廊柱是方形的，望柱下有吐水的螭首，顶盖黄琉璃瓦镶绿 剪边;殿前月台两角，东立日晷，西设 嘉量;殿内“彻上明造”绘以彩饰。内陈宝座、屏风;两侧有熏炉、香亭、烛台一堂;殿柱

是圆形的，两柱间用一条雕刻的整龙连接，龙头探出檐外，龙尾直入殿中，实用与装饰完美地结合为一体，增加了殿宇的帝王气魄。此殿为清太宗皇太极陛见臣下，宴请外国使臣以及处理大政的常朝之处。公元1636年，后金改国号为 大清的大典就在此举行。“东巡”诸帝于此举行“展谒山陵礼成”等庆贺典礼。

凤凰楼

崇政殿北首的 凤凰楼，建造在4米高的青砖台基上，有三层，三滴水歇山式围廊，顶铺黄琉璃瓦，镶绿剪边。此楼为盛京最高建筑，故有《盛京八景》之一“凤楼晓日”、“凤楼观塔”等传称。凤凰楼上藏有乾隆御笔亲题的“ 紫气东来”匾。

清宁宫

清宁宫为五开间前后廊 硬山式。是 清太宗 皇太极和皇后博尔济吉特氏居住的“中宫”。

室门开于东次间，屋内西侧形成“筒子房”格局，东梢间为帝后寝宫。宽大的支摘窗式样朴素，棂条皆以“码三箭”式相交，宫门亦不用隔扇式。正对宫门竖立祭天的“索伦竿”，此均为源自满族民间的传统风格。殿顶铺黄琉璃瓦镶缘剪边，前后皆方形檐柱，柱头饰兽面，檀枋施彩绘等，则是吸收汉、藏民族建筑艺术。

文溯阁

文溯阁建于1782年(乾隆四十七年)。专为存放《文溯阁四库全书》而建，

另有《 古今图书集成》亦存于阁内。是沈阳故宫西路的主体建筑，建筑形式仿照浙江宁波的天一阁，面阔六间，二楼三层重檐硬山式，前后出廊，上边盖黑色琉璃瓦加绿剪边，前后廊檐柱都装饰有绿色的地仗。所有的门、窗、柱都漆成绿色，外檐彩画也以蓝、绿、白相间的冷色调为主，这与其它宫殿红金为主的外檐彩饰迥然不同。其彩绘画题材也不用宫殿中常见的行龙飞凤，而是以“白马献书”、“翰墨卷册”等与藏书楼功用相谐的图案，给人以古雅清新之感。采用黑色琉璃瓦为顶，主要是为了使整座建筑外观风格相统一。 文溯阁后面，有抄手殿廊连接着仰熙斋，斋后为九间房，其中有芍药圃、梧桐院等。这是乾隆皇帝“东巡”时的读书之所。

金水桥

沈阳故宫博物院副院长李声能透露，沈阳故宫正门前的“金水桥”属于违规建筑，与整个风貌不相符。沈阳市文物部门已经下发了整改拆除通知限期拆除。

20__年9月25日14时30分许，沈阳故宫东南侧，在“金水桥”施工墙外，有一大片被围挡围起的施工工地。从围挡的缝隙中可以看到，工地中一辆作业车正在施工。

最佳旅游时间

沈阳的春天和秋天时间短促，升温、降温幅度很大;夏季平 均气温24度，比南方凉快3-5度;冬季寒冷干燥，必须携带羽绒服或棉大衣。雨季主要在春、夏与夏秋之交。每年4-10月是沈阳旅游的黄金季节。你们来的正是时候。

游客们游玩好沈阳的古遗址、古城址、古墓葬、古建筑、 烽火台、边墙和历史纪念物、革命纪念物后。可以到具有现代性的娱乐场所去娱乐放松一下。

各位游客，故宫旧称紫禁城。是明清两代皇宫，中国现存最大最完整的古建筑群。1988年被联合国教科文组织列为“世界文化遗产”。

故宫占地72万平方米，屋宇9999间半，建筑面积15.5万平方米。为一长方形城池，四角矗立风格绮丽的角楼，墙外有宽52米的护城河环绕，形成一个森严壁垒的城堡。建筑气势雄伟、豪华壮丽，是中国古代建筑艺术的精华。

故宫有四个大门，正门名午门。俗称五凤楼。其平面为凹形，中有重楼，重檐为庑殿顶，两翼各有重檐楼阁四座。明廊相连，宏伟壮丽。午门后有五座精巧的汉白玉拱桥通太和门。东门名东华门，西门名西华门，北门名神武门。

故宫宫殿的建筑布局有外朝、内廷之分。内廷与外朝的建筑气氛迥然不同。外朝以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心，是封建皇帝行使权力、举行盛典的地方。内廷以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫为中心，是封建帝王与后妃居住之所。此外还有文华殿、武英殿、御花园等。

太和殿俗称金銮殿，在故宫的中心部位，是故宫三大殿之一。建在高约5米高的汉白玉台基上。台基四周矗立成排云龙云凤望柱，前后各有三座石阶，中间石阶雕有蟠龙，衬托以海浪和流云的“御路”。殿内有沥粉金漆木柱和精致的蟠龙藻井，上挂“正大光明”匾，殿中间是封建皇权的象征——金漆雕龙宝座。太和殿红墙黄瓦、朱楹金扉，在阳光下金碧辉煌，是故宫最壮观的建筑，也是中国最大的木构殿宇。

中和殿 故宫三大殿之一，位于太和殿后。平面呈方形，黄琉璃瓦四角攒尖顶，正中有鎏金宝顶。形体壮丽，建筑精巧。

保和殿 故宫三大殿之一，在中和殿后。平面长方形，黄琉璃瓦四角攒尖 顶。建筑装修与彩绘十分精细绚丽。

乾清宫 在故宫内庭最前面。清康熙前此处为皇帝居住和处理政务之处。清雍正后皇帝移居养心殿，但仍在此批阅奏报，选派官吏和召见臣下。

交泰殿 在乾清宫和坤宁宫之间。平面呈方形，黄瓦四角攒尖顶。清代封皇后，授皇后册、宝的仪式和皇后诞辰礼都在此举行。

坤宁宫 在故宫“内庭”最后面。明时为皇后住所。清代改为祭神场所。其中东暖阁为皇帝大婚的洞房，康熙、同治、光绪三帝，均在此举行婚礼。

游览故宫，可以从天安门进，也可以由后门———神武门进。进入天安门，穿过一片青砖铺地的广场，便到达紫禁城的正门———午门。这里城墙高大，城门楼巍峨壮观，给人以无比威严的感觉，使站在这里的人自己感到渺小，这是古代统治者利用建筑艺术来为增强其帝王威慑力量服务的一个最突出的例子。

穿过午门，又是一个大广场，广场上有一金水桥。过桥经太和门便是雄伟的太和殿。从高处看，金水桥和流经广场的那条御河，其形状恰像一把巨大的弓。经太和殿、中和殿、保和殿，穿过乾清门，便进入内廷，内廷分中路、东路和西路三条路线。如果是半日游，这三条路线只能游一条，一般可走中路。走中路可看皇帝的卧室(乾清宫)，放置皇帝印玺的地方(交泰殿)，皇帝结婚的新房(坤宁宫)，嫔妃所住的地方(其中有的已辟为展厅)和御花园。一般来说，用半天时间游故宫，比较吃力。以安排一日游为佳。如有时间，可安排二日游。

故宫处处体现中国文化，故宫的许多细节都有某种象征意义，体现了古代中国的文化精粹。“紫禁城”这个名字就和中国古代哲学和天文学有关。紫禁城之紫，就是“紫微正中”之紫，意为皇宫也是人间的“正中”。“禁”则指皇室所居，尊严无比，严禁侵扰。

故宫房屋有9999间，每个门上的铜门钉也是横竖9颗。这种奇特的数字现象和古代中国人对数字的认识有关。古代人认为“9”字是数字中最大的，皇帝是人间最大的，所以必须用对应的“9”。“9”的谐音为“久”，意为“永久”，所以又寓意为江山天长地久，永不变色。

细心的游客会发现故宫里建筑的名称，都有“仁”、“和”、“中”、“安”等字，如天安门、太和殿等，这些字所代表的.意义是中国儒家思想的核心，即“中正”、“仁和”，突出了传统的儒家理念。

皇帝、皇后居住的乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫的名字也和儒家经典《易经》有关。《周易》说，“乾”象征“天”，代表“男”;“坤”象征“地”，代表“女”;中间的“泰”意为“平安、畅通”，整个意思即为“天地交泰”，暗示帝后关系和谐，再加上“清正”、“宁静”，把一个皇宫生活想象得异常美丽。

故宫里的颜色也有深奥的寓意。故宫多用黄色琉璃瓦，室内的颜色也多为黄色，乾清宫的布置尤其突出。这种用法来源于古代经典《尚书》中的五行说。古人认为世界由“金、木、水、火、土”五行构成，五种元素相生相克，世界因此变化不定。“黄色”代表“土”，土是万物之本，皇帝也是万民之本，所以皇宫多用黄色。故宫中唯一使用黑色琉璃瓦的建筑是藏书楼文渊阁。在五行中“黑色”象征“水”，“水”可以克“火”，所以藏书楼用黑瓦，代表水克火，取防火之意。设计用心可谓良苦。

在欣赏恢宏的外在建筑物的同时，仔细品味每一个建筑所象征的文化意义，才会兴趣盎然，情趣隽永。了解物化了的中国文化，才能了解伟大的故宫。

朋友们好！我是火柴人俱乐部的会员，我姓许，大家就叫我许导好了。在故宫有些地方不能照相、甚至连摸也不行、不能随地扔垃圾、不能随地吐痰。

故宫占地72万平方米，其中建筑面积为16.3万平方米，南北长961米，东西宽753米，周围有10米高的城墙环绕，还有宽52米的护城河，在四角都建有一座精美的角楼。

根据1973年的统计，故宫有大小院落90多座，房屋有980座，共计8704间。明朝永乐皇帝朱棣登基不久，在永乐四年，也就是1406年下诏营建北京紫禁城。修建分为两个阶段，第一阶段是从永乐四年开始备料，而第二阶段就是在永乐十五年，1417年六月开始动工兴建，历时14年，在永乐十八年，1420年完工。

在建造过程中，征集了全国10万名能工巧匠和民夫100万人，而建筑材料都来自全国各地，比如汉白玉石来北京房山，金砖来自苏州，石灰来自河北易州，五色虎皮石来自河北蓟县盘山，殿基所用的精砖石来自山东临清，松木多来自东北，而楠木多来自四川、云贵、浙江等地，可见当时工程的浩大。

今天的游览该结束了。欢迎你们再来北京故宫玩。记住，我是火柴人俱乐部的会员许导。

各位来自世界各地的游客们，你们好!欢迎来到“世界遗产”之北京故宫，我是来自南昌的导游甜心X公主，下面我就带大家去细细游赏一番吧。中国明清两代的皇宫，又称紫禁城，地点位于北京城中心。开始建造与明永乐四年至十八年，也就是现在说的1420xx年至1420xx年，后来经过多个朝代的劳动人民细心修改，变的非常的富丽堂皇，但仍保持着原来的布局和规模，是世界上保存的最完整、规模最大的古代木构架宫殿建筑群。

最先的设计人是蔡信、阮安等，主持施工的人是蒯详、陆详等，名字里都有详哦!我们说完了北京故宫的历史和人物建造，现在该说说外观和排列顺序了把!这座城设四个门，南门正中面是午门、北边是神武门、东为东华门，西为西华门，四门个建有重檐庑殿顶门楼。这座城的四个角都还布有一些结构精巧、外观秀丽的角楼。

外面的墙有10米多高呢!还有护城河宽52米，够宽的吧!长3800米，整个建筑群按南北中间的中轴线为对称布局，层次分明，主次有序。听完了一以上那些，你应该对北京故宫有些了解了吧!可能你还不知道把，连皇帝的住所都是那么井井有条!文化殿，武英殿是面阔九间的但檐歇山顶建筑。文化殿是皇帝听大臣讲书的地方，武英殿是皇帝吃饭、居住和召见大臣的地方。后三宫、东西六宫和乾清宫和坤宁宫通直御花园。坤宁宫和乾清宫是内廷的正殿、正寝，是皇帝、太后和皇后的正式居住场所，平均面积宽九间，为重檐庑殿顶。前三殿是全宫最大的建筑群，占地面积有达8。5万平方米，是宫城的12%，后三供则为前三殿的25%，期于宫殿依次递减，主要突出前三殿、后三宫的主要地位。1961年定位中国第一批全国重点文物保护单位，已被联合过教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。

各位游客们：

大家好!我叫李雨霏，大家叫我李导就行了，很高兴我能陪同大家一起参观故宫。

北京故宫位于北京市中心，是明清两代的皇宫，故宫有称为“紫禁城”。故宫经历有明清两个朝代和24个皇帝。故宫规模宏大，西东宽750米，南北长960米，占地72万平方米，建筑积15万多平方米，有房屋1000多间，是世界历史上最大最完整的古代建筑。进了故宫的大门，你就会看见五座汉白玉石桥，为什么是五座，而不是七座、八座，甚至十座呢?原来，古时候的皇帝都必须带有仁、义、礼、智、信这种特点，所以才是五座石桥的。桥上有上百根石柱，柱子上刻着无数的小狮子，那么多的小狮子，有的颔首低眉，好像是忧闷而不开心的样子，有的张牙武爪，好像是展示自己的威武。

故宫的御花园，原名宫后椀，占地一万二千平方米。以鉄安殿为中心，园林建筑采用石砖来修建，左右对称的格砖紧凑。殿东北的堆秀山上筑御景亭，每年重阳节，皇上就在此登高。

好了游客们我们在这里歇一会，休息一下，你们也可以拍下自己喜欢的景点，注意卫生和安全。

各位游客：

大家好。我是这次旅游的导游李。我很荣幸能够带领大家去故宫旅游。

现在展现在我们面前的就是气势雄伟的古代宫殿—故宫了。大家看这四面就是宫墙，而且宫墙四面都建有高大的城门，南为午门也就是故宫正门，北为神武门，东为东华门，西为西华门，这宫墙四“门”的角楼都是风格独特、造型绮丽的。

现在请跟我一起去故宫中最大的宫殿太和殿看看！这里是明、清皇帝召见百官、发号施令、举行庆典的地方。全殿面阔11间，进深5间，外有廊柱，殿内外共立72根大柱。殿高35米，殿内净空高达14米，宽63米，面积2377平方米，为全国最大的木构大殿。

我再给大家介绍介绍其他的宫殿吧！

现在我们来到了中和殿。中和殿是为帝王去太和殿途中的演习礼仪之地。保和殿，是皇帝宴请外藩王公贵族和京中文武大臣之处。我们再来看看文华殿。它是明代皇太子读书处。乾清门是故宫中外朝和内廷的分界处，由此向北便是内廷。乾清宫是明、清皇帝居住和处理政务的地方。慈宁宫就是皇上住的地方。你们看过《还珠格格》这部电视剧吗？它就是在故宫里拍的。

规划严整，气魄宏伟，极为壮观，这就是我国的故宫。无论在平面布局，立体效果以及形式上的雄伟、堂皇、庄严、和谐，都属无与伦比的杰作。它标志着我国悠久的文化传统，显示着500余年前我国在建筑艺术上的卓越成就。

现在大家可以自由参观，可是我要提醒大家一定要注意保持故宫环境。

大家好!我姓王，可以叫我王导游。今天我们即将游故宫，它于1987年被列为世界文化遗产。

看!现在我们面前的就是故宫。它又称紫禁城，是明清两代的皇宫，是世界上现存规模最大最完整的古代木结构建筑群。它始建于明永乐四年(公元1420xx年)，历时20xx年才完工，占地72万平方米。共有宫殿9999间。共有24位皇帝先后在此登基。

现在我们在故宫里最吸引人的三大建筑——太阳殿、中和殿和保和殿之间，它们都是黄琉璃顶和青白石底座，饰以金碧辉煌的彩画。告诉你们一个最近的发现:故宫所有的宫殿是沿着一条由南北向中轴线排列，并向两旁展开，南北取直，左右对称。这条中轴线不仅贯穿在故宫内，而且南达永定门，北到钟楼、鼓楼，贯穿了整个城市，气魄宏伟，规划严谨，极为壮观。故宫内现收藏的珍贵历史文物和艺术品约一百万件。更重要的是，故宫的建筑依据其布局功用分为外朝和内廷，外朝和内廷以乾清门为界，乾清门以南为外朝，北名内廷。外朝以太和殿、中和殿和保和殿三大殿为中心，此外两翼有文华殿、上驷院、南三所、武英殿、内务府等建筑。你恐怕会问，那内廷呢?别急，呆会到内廷区域内再说。

好了，我们现在可以说了。因为我们来到了内廷的中心——后三宫:乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫之间。内廷两翼有养心殿、东六宫、西六宫、斋宫、敏庆宫。它们虽和前面三大殿一样(黄琉璃顶和青白石底座)，但内部结构东为茶几桌子，西为椅子文物。后三宫后有御花园和神武门，神武门为北门，东门名东华门，西门叫西华门，正门是午门。

好了，现在进入自由浏览时间，时间为三个小时，请注意下几点:

1.不大叫、不乱跑、不乱摸、不乱碰、不乱扔垃圾;

2.保持安静;

3.按时回现在的地点集合。

时间过得真快，转眼该说再见了。游客们，再见!希望您下次再来北京，再到故宫游玩!

The tourists, everyone! We want to visit is the world-famous ancient buildings - the Forbidden City

The Palace Museum is located in the centre of Beijing, is one of the five palace in the world, also known as "the Forbidden City." Here the emperor had more than twenty, emperor zhu di of the Ming dynasty, was the first one is the last emperor pu yi.

The imperial palace is the most complete ancient building in China, there is a central axis, well versed in the entire palace, palace, after the three main halls, imperial garden in the central axis. Three main halls are taihe palace, zhonghe palace and Baohe Palace, they are in the palace ahead.

The hall of supreme harmony commonly known as during, the area is about 2380 square meters, is the area is one of the largest palaces in the Forbidden City. The back of the hall of supreme harmony is zhonghe palace, zhonghe palace there are 29 meters high, inside is a square. Baohe Palace is located in the hall of supreme harmony with zhonghe palace, Baohe Palace 27 meters high, inside is a rectangle, the qianlong era, here is a test area.

Three palace is the palace of heavenly purity, respectively, after the Thai temple and palace of earthly tranquility. Palace of heavenly purity is the place where the emperor lived, palace of earthly tranquility is where the queen lives. This house is not to live, it is also a palace, just and dry cleaning, palace of earthly tranquility together, so called after three palace.

Imperial garden is very big, covering an area of 120xx square meters, accounting for a quarter of the Forbidden City, it near CiNing palace garden, built the garden and tranquility. In this garden, the garden is the biggest of all.

The imperial palace is very beautiful, but visitors will put the food in the bag or other rubbish is thrown to the ground, make the environment of the Forbidden City is poor, we should well protect the beautiful ancient buildings.

故宫英文导游词

forbidden city(紫禁城)

(in front of the meridian gate)

ladies and gentlemen:

i am pleased to serve as your guide today.

this is the palace museum; also know as the purple forbidden city. it is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in china today. under ming emperor yongle, construction began in 1406. it took 14years to build the forbidden city. the first ruler who actually lived here was ming emperor zhudi. for five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when qing emperor puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .in 1987, the united nations educational, scientific and cultural organization recognized the forbidden city was a world cultural legacy.

it is believed that the palace museum, or zi jin cheng (purple forbidden city), got its name from astronomy folklore, the ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the ziwei yuan(north star). the constellation containing the north star was called the constellation of heavenly god and star itself was called the purple palace. because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. in folklore, the term ”an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, laozi, to the hanghu pass. here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. the word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.

the red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. yellow is the color of the earth on the loess plateau, the original home of the chinese people. yellow became an imperial color during the tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.

the forbidden city is rectangular in shape. it is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west. it has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters .a 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex. octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall. there are four entrances into the city: the meridian gate to the south, the shenwu gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(western flowery gate )to the west ,the donghua (eastern flowery gate) to the east.

manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the forbidden city. a total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed. marble was quarried from fangshan country mount pan in jixian county in hebei province. granite was quarried in quyang county in hebei province. paving blocks were fired in kilns in suzhou in southern china. bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in shandong province .timber was cut ,processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions.

the structure in front of us is the meridian gate. it is the main entrance to the forbidden city. it is also knows as wufenglou(five-phoenix tower). ming emperors held lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of the chinese lunar year in hornor of their counties .they also used this place for punishing officals by flogging them with sticks.

qing emperors used this building to announce the beginning of the new year. qing emperor qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremony from ban li(announcement of calendar)to ban shou(announcement of new moon )to avoid coincidental association with another emperor` s name, hongli, which was considered a taboo at that time. qing dynasty emperors also used this place to hold audience and for other important ceremonies. for example,when the imperial army returned victoriously from the battlefield ,it was here that the emperor presided over the ceremony to accept prisoners of war.

(after entering the meridian gate and standing in front of the five marble bridges on golden water river)

now we are inside the forbidden city.before we start our tour, i would like to briefly introduce you to the architectural patterns befour us .to complete this solemn, magnificent and palatial complex, a variety of buildings were arranged on a north-south axis, and 8-kilometer-long invisible line that has become an inseparable part of the city of beijing. the forbidden city covers roughly one –third of this central axis. most of the important building in the forbidden city weree arranged along this line. the design and arrangement of the palaces reflect the solemn dignity of the royal court and rigidly –stratified feudal system.

the forbidden city is divided into an outer and an inner count.we are now standing on the southernmost part of the outer count. in front of us lies the gate of supreme harmony .the gate is guarded by a pair of bronze lions ,symbolizing imperial power and dignity. the lions were the most exquisite and biggest of its kind. the one on the east playing with a ball is a male, and ball is said to represent state unity. the other one is a female. underneath one of its fore claws is a cub that is considered to be a symbol of perpetual imperial succession. the winding brook before us is the golden water river. it functions both as decoration and fire control .the five bridges spanning the river represent the five virtues preached by confucius :benevolence, righteousness, rites, intellence and fidelity. the river takes the shape of a bow and the north-south axis is its arrow. this was meant to show that the emperors ruled the country on behalf of god.

(in front of the gate of supreme harmony)

the forbidden city consists of an outer countyard and an inner enclosure. the out count yard covers a vast space lying between the meridian gate and the gate of heavenly purity. the “three big halls” of supreme harmony, complete harmony and preserving harmony constitute the center of this building group. flanking them in bilateral symmetry are two groups of palaces: wenhua (prominent scholars) and wuying (brave warriors) . the three great halls are built on a spacious “h”-shaped, 8-meter-high, triple marble terrace, each level of the triple terrace is taller than the on below and all are encircled by marble balustrades carved with dragon and phoenix designs. there are three carved stone staircases linking the three architectures .the hall of supreme harmony is also the tallest and most exquisite ancient wooden-structured mansion in all of china. from the palace of heavenly purith northward is what is known as the inner court, which is also built in bilaterally symmetrical patterns. in the center are the palace of heavenly purity, the hall of union and peace and palace of earthly tranquility, a place where the emperors lived with their families and attended to state affairs. flanking these structures are palaces and halls in which concubines and princes lived. there are also three botanical gardens within the inner count, namely, the imperial garden, caning garden and quailing garden. an inner golden water river flows eastwardly within the inner court. the brook winds through three minor halls or palaces and leads out of the forbidden city. it is spanned by the white jade bridge. the river is lined with winding, marble –carved balustrades. most of the structures within the forbidden city have yellow glazed tile roofs.

aside from giving prominence to the north-south axis, other architectural methods were applied to make every group of palatial structures unique in terms of terraces, roofs, mythical monsters perching on the roofs and colored, drawing patterns. with these, the grand contour and different hierarchic spectrum of the complex were strengthened. folklore has it that there are altogether 9,999 room-units in the forbidden city. since paradise only has 10,000 rooms, the son of heaven on earth cut the number by half a room. it is also rumoured that this half –room is located to the west of the wenyuange pavilion (imperial library). as a matter of fact, although the forbidden city has more than 9,000 room-units, this half-room is nonexistent .the wenyuange pavilion is a library where “si ku quan shu”- china `s first comprehensive anthology-was stored.

(after walking past the gate of supreme harmony)

ladies and gentlemen, the great hall we are approaching is the hall of supreme harmony, the biggest and tallest of its king in the forbidden city. this structure covers a total building space of 2,377 square meters, and is know for its upturned, multiple counterpart eaves . the hall of supreme harmony sits on a triple “h”-shaped marble terrace the is 8meters high and linked by staircases. the staircase on the ground floor has 21 steps while the middle and upper stairways each have 9.

the construction of the hall of supreme harmony began in 1406. it burned down three times and was severely damaged once during a mutiny. the existing architecture was built during the qing dynasty. on the corners of the eaves a line of animal-nails were usually fastened to the tiles. these animal-nails were later replace with mythical animals to ward off evil spirits. there are altogether 9 such fasteners on top of this hall. the number nine was regarded by the ancients to be the largest numeral accessible to man and to which only the emperors were entitled.

there was a total of 24 successive emperors during the ming and qing dynasties who were enthroned here. the ball was also used for ceremonies which marked other great occasions: the winter solstice, the chinese lunar new year, the emperor` s birthday, conferral of the title of empress, the announcement of new laws and policies, and dispatches of generals to war .on such occasions, the emperor would hold audience for his court officials and receive their tributes.

this area is called the hall of supreme harmony square, which covers a total of 30,000 square meters, without a single tree or plant growing here, this place inspires visitors to feel its solemnity and grandeur. in the middle of the square there is a carriageway that was reserved for the emperor. on both sides of the road the groud bricks were laid in a special way seven layers lengthwise and eight layers crosswise, making up fifteen layers in all. the purpose of this was to prevent anyone from tunneling his way into the palace. in the count yard there are iron vats for storing water to fight fires. in the whole complex there are altogher 308 water vats. in wintertime, charcoal was burned underneath the vats to keep the water from freezing .why so vast a square? it was designed to impress people with the hall` s grandeur and vastness. imagine the following scene. under the clear blue sky, the yellow glazed tiles shimmered as the cloud-like layers of terrace, coupled with the curling veil of burning incense, transformed the hall of supreme harmony into a fairyland. whenever major ceremonies were held, the glazed, crane-shaped candleholders inside the hall would be it, and incense and pine branches burnt in front of the hall. when the emperor appeared, drums were beaten and musical instrument played. civilian officials and generals would kneel know in submission.

the last qing emperor puyi assumed the throne in 1908, at the age of three, his father carried him to the throne. at the start of the coronation, the sudden drum-beating and loud music caught the young emperor unprepared .he was so scared that he kept crying and shouting,”i don’t want to stay here. i want to go home.” his father tried to soothe him, saying, ”it` all soon be finished .it` all soon be finished ”the ministers present at the event considered this incident inauspicious. coincidentally, the qing dynasty collapsed three years later and there with concluded china `s feudal system that had lasted for more than 2,000 years.

(on the stone terrace of the hall of supreme harmony)

this is a bronze incense burner. in it incense made of sandalwood would be burnt on important occasions. there are altogether 18 incense burners, representing all of the provinces under the rule of the sing monarchs. on either side of the hall, 4 bronze water-filled vats were placed in case of fire. next to the terrace on either side, there is a bronze crane and tortoise, symbols of longevity. this copper-cast grain measure is called ”jialiang.” it served as the national standard during the qing dynasty. it was meant to show that the imperial ruler were just and open to rectification. on the other side there is a stone sundial, an ancient timepiece. the jialiang and the sundial were probably meant to show what the emperor represented: that he was the only person who should possess the standards of both measure and time.

in the very forefront of the hall of supreme harmony , there are 12 scarlet , round pillars supporting the roof. the hall is 63 meters from east to west and 37 meters from north to south, it is 35 meters in height. in front of this architechture, there stands a triple terrace with five staircases leading up to the main entrance .it has 40 gold doors and 16 gold-key windows with colored drawings on the pillars and beams. in the middle of the hall, a throune carved with 9 dragons sits on a 2-meter-high platform. behind the throne there is a golden screen and in front of it, there is a imperial desk . the flanks are decorated with elephants, luduan(a legendary beast), cranes, and incense barrels. the elephant carries a vase on its back that holds five cereals(i. e. rice, two kinds of millet, wheat and beans),which was considered a symbol of prosperity. as ancient legend has it that luduan can travel 18,000 li (9,000 kilometers )in one day and knows all languages and dialects. only to a wise adjust monarch will this beast be a guardian.

the hall of supreme harmony is also popularly known as jinluan dian (gold bell hall or the throne hall). the floor of the hall is laid with bricks that turn it into a smooth, fine surface as if water has been sprinkled on it .the so-called golden brick, in fact, has nothing to do with gold. reserved exclusively for the construction of the royal court, it was made in a secretive, and complex way, and, when struck, sounds like the clink of a gold bar. each brick was worth the market price of one dan (or one hectoliter ) of rice.

the hall is supported by a total of 72 thick pillars .of these, 6 are carved in dragon patterns and painted with gold and surround the throne. above the very center of this hall there is a zaojing, or covered ceiling, which is one of the specialities of china `s ancient architure. in the middle of the ceiling is a design of a dragon playing with a ball inlaid with peals. this copper ball, hollow inside and covered with mercury, is known as the xuanyuan mirror and is thought to be made xuanyuan, a legendary monarch dating back to remote antiquity. the placing of the caisson above the throne is meant to suggest that all of china` s successive emperors are zuanyuan` s descendants and hereditary heirs. now you might have noticed that the xuanyuan mirror is not directly above the throne. why? it is rumored that yuan shikai, a self-acclaimed warlord-turned emperor moved the throne further back because he was afraid that the mirror might fall on him .in 1916 when yuan shikai became emperor, he removed the original throne with a western-style, high-back chair. after the foundation of the people` s republic of china in 1949 the throne was found in a shabby furniture warehouse. it repaired and returned to the hall.

(leading the tourist to the bronze vats either on the east or the west)

the water vats in front of the palaces or house were called “menhai,” or sea before the door by the ancient chinese. they believed that with a sea by the door, fire could not wreak havoc. the vats served both as a decoration and as a fire extinguisher. they were kept full of water all year round.

during the qing dynasty, they were altogether 308 vats in the palace enclosure. they were made of gilt bronze or iron. of couse, the gilt bronze vats were of the best quality. when the allied forces (britain, germany, france, russia, the united states, italy, japan and austria) invaded beijing in 1900 under the pretext of suppressing the boxer rebellion, the invaders ransacked the imperial compound and scraped and gold off the vats with their bayonets. during the japanese occupation of beijing, many vats were trucked away by the japanese to be made into bullets .

(in front of the hall of complete harmony)

the square architecture before us is called the hall of complete harmony. it served as an antechamber. the emperor came here to meet with his countiers and add his final touches to the prayers which would be read at the ancestral temple. the seeds, snowers and prayer intended for spring sowing were also examined here. the two qing sedan chairs here on display were used for traveling within the palace during the reign of emperor qianlong.

(in front of the hall f preserving harmony)

this is the hall of preserving harmony. during the qing dynasty, banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of mongolian and northwestern china` s xingjiang princes and ranking officials. the emperor also dinned here with his new son-in-law on the wedding day. imperial examinations were also held here once every three years. during the ming and qing dynasties, there were three levels of exams: the county and prefectural level, the provincial level and national level. the national exam was presided over by the emperor. the civil service exam in ancient china started during the han dynasty. it served the purpose of recruiting confucian scholars to the ministers and high officials. during the tang and qing dynasties reinstituted and ancient system. once every three years, three hundred scholars from all over the country came to beijing and took exams for three day and night. this system was abolished in 1905.

(behind the hall of preserving harmony)

this is the largest stone carving in the palace . it is 16.73 meters long, 3.07 meters wide and 1.7 meters thick .it weighs about 200 tons. the block was quarried in fangshan county, roughly 70 kilometers away. to transport such a huge block to beijing, laborers dug wells along the roadside half a kilometer apart, and used the groundwater to make a road of ice in the winter. rolling blocks were used in the summer. in 1760, emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty ordered the carving of the existing cloud and dragon design in place of the old one which dated back to the ming dynasty.

note : from here, the tour can be conducted via three different routes: a western route(route a), a central route (route b) or an eastern route (route c) .the commentary for each follows.

route a

ladies and gentlemen:

you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i ` d like to show you around the hall of mental cultivation and the imperial garden . the hall of mental cultivation is situated is in the western part of the innermost enclosure and is symmetrical to fengxian (enshrinement of forebears) hall in the east. this hall was built during the ming dynasty. it is a h-shaped structure consisting of an antechamber and a main building .the hall is surrounded by corridors. in front of the hall is the office of privy council.

before emperor kangxi of qing the dynasty came to power the hall of heavenly purity served as the living quarter of the emperors. emperor yongzheng chose to live in this hall and attended to every day state affairs from here .for the sake of protecting cultural relics, this hall is not open to the public .you can have a look at the inside from the door. the central hall was the audience chamber where the emperor read memorials, granted audience to officials and summoned his minsters for consultation. the western chamber of the hall was where the emperor read reports and discussed military and political affairs. the hall consists of many inner rooms and is decorated with images of buddha and miniature pagodas. on the screen wall there hangs a picture of two emperors in the han costume. in a southern room there three rare calligraphic scrolls, hence the name of the room “sanxitang” (room of three rare treasures) . the room on the eastern side is of historical interst because it was here that empress dowager cixi usurped power and made decisions on behalf of the young emperor . a bamboo curtain was used to separate them .

empress dowage cixi was born in 1835 in lu` an prefecture of shanxi province. she` s of manchurian nationality and her father was a provincial governor from south china. when she was 17 years old ,she was selected to become a concubine of emperor xianfeng and moved into the forbidden city. she gave birth to a son when she was 21years old and was made a concubine the following year. when the emperor passed away in the summer of 1861, her son ascended the throne and title of cixi, meaning “holy mother” was conferred upon her and she became the empress dowager. in that same year empress dowager cixi carried out a count coup d` etat and ruled behind the scenes with another empress dowager, ci` an, for 48 years. she passed away in 1908 at the age of 73. it was in reference to this situation that the term “attending to state affairs behind a bamboo curtain” developed .in 1912 , empress dowager longyu declared the abdication of the last qing emperor puyi. they were allowed to remain in the forbidden city for the next 13 years .the royal family was forced to move out permanently in 1924.

behind the central hall were the living accommodation of 8 successive qing emperors .three of them actually passed away here. the side rooms flanking the hall were reserved for empresses and concubines. now let` s continue with our tour. it will take us to the hall of heavenly purity , the hall of union and peace ,the palace of earthly tranquility, and the imperial garden.

route b

(inside the hall of heavenly purity)

ladies and gentlemen:

we are now entering the inner court. from the gate of heavenly purity northward lies the inner court where the emperors and empresses once lived .the hall of heavenly purity is the central hall of the inner court ,and was completed during the reign of emperor yongle of the ming dynasty. there are 10 pillars supporting the entire structure and the hall is 20 meters in height .in the center of the hall there a throne. above it hangs a plaque with an inscription that reads “be open and above-board,” written by shenzhi,the first emperor of the qing dynasty. beginning with qianlong` s reign, the name of the successor to the throne was not publicly announced .instead, it was written on two pieces of paper, one to be kept on the emperor` s person throughout his reign, and the other placed in a small strongbox that was stored behind his plaque. the box was opened only after the emperor passed away. altogether there where 4 emperors who ascended the throne in this way, namely qianlong, jiaqing, daohuang and xian feng.

the hall of heavenly purity was where the emperors lived during the ming and qing dynasties. according to tradition ,extravagant annual banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of royal family members. foreign ambassadors were received here during the late-qing period. two important “one thousand old men` s feasts” of the qing dynasty were also held here. all the invitees had to be at least 65 years of age.

this hall was also used for mourning services.

(inside the palace of union and peace)

this hall sits between the hall of heavenly purity and the palace of earthly tranquility, symbolizing the union of heaven and earth ,as well as national peace .it was first built in 1420 and reconstructed in 1798. the hall is square in shape ,and is smaller than the hall of complete harmony .you will see a plaque here inscribed with two chinese characters, wu wei, which were handwritten by emperor qianglong. a throne sits in the middle of the hall with a screen behind it .above the throne there hangs a caisson ,or covered ceiling. the emperor held birthday celebrations and other major events here.

in 1748 during emperor qianlong` s reign, 25 jade seals representing imperial authority were kept in this hall .no seals were allowed out of the room without the prior consent of the emperor. on each flack there is a water clock and a chiming clock.

(inside the palace of earthly tranquility)

this used to be the central hall where successive ming empresses lived. during the qing dynasty, it was converted into a place where sacrifices and wedding ceremonies were held .the room on the western side was used for sacrifices and the room on the east was the seeding chamber.

route c

ladies and gentlemen:

you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i` d like to show you around scenes of interest along the eastern route. the first is the treasure hall. this mansion is called the hall of imperial zenith. this is where sing emperor quailing lived after abdication. nearly 1,000 artifacts and treasures are on display here, among which the golden hair tower is one of the most famous. this tower is 1.53meters in height and its base is 0.53 meters in circumference .it was built under the order of emperor quailing to be used to collect fallen hair in commemoration of his mother. there is also a “day harnessing water jade hill ” on display here. yu was a legendary monarch of the remote ixia dynasty. under his leadership, the people learned how to harness the yellow river. this jade assemblage, 224 centimeters in height and 5 tons in weight, is the largest jade artwork in china. this mat was woven with peeled ivory. these artifacts are among china` s rarest treasures.

(in front of the nine-dragon screen)

this is the nine-dragon relief screen .erected in 1773,it is 3.5 meters in height and 29.4 meters in width. underneath is a foundation made of marble .the surface of the screen is laid with a total of 270 colored, glazed tiles in the design of 9 dragons ,some rocky mountains ,clouds and the sea. it was meant to ward off evil spirits the ancient chinese regarded 9 dragons, some rocky mountains, clouds and the sea. it was meant to ward off evil spirits .the ancient chinese regarded 9 as the largest numeral and the dragon as a auspicious beast .the 9 dragons are different in color and posture and all are made of glazed tiles. interestingly a piece of the third dragon from the left is made of wood. it is believe that when the nine-dragon screen was almost finished ,a piece of glazed tile was damaged .emperor qianlong was scheduled to inspect the work the following day .using quick wits, the craftsman in question molded the missing piece with clay and sailed through the imperial inspection. later ,he asked a carpenter to carve a wooden one to replace the one made of clay.

(approaching the imperial garden)

behind the palace of earthly tranquility and trading the north-south axis is the imperial garden. there are old trees, rare flowers and exotic rock formation in this garden .it cover a space of 11,700 square meters, or roughly 1.7 percent of the forbidden city. most of the structures in the garden are symmetrically arranged . however, each is different in terms of parrern and decoration. woods clumps of bamboo screen off the garden and strengthens its deep and serene atmosphere.

there main structure of the imperial garden is the qin` an hall. positioned in the central-northern part of the garden ,this hall is flanked by other halls and pavilions on the east and west. the hall sits on a marble pedestal. the taoist deity of zhenwu is enshrined here and emperor would pay homage here a quarterly basis. taoist rites were held during the reign of emperor jiajing of the ming dynasty. in front of the hall there is a cypress that is 400 years old .in all there are a dozen such rare trees in the garden, and most of them are cypresses or pines. to the northwest of the hall , there is the yanhui(sustaining sunshine) pavilion and to the northeast there lies the duixiu (accumulated refinement )hill. this hill was built over the foundation of the long- pershed guanhua (admiring flowers) hall of the ming dynasty. it is 14 meters in height and made of al kinds of rocks quarried in jiang su province. at its base stand two nstone lions, each carrying a dragon shooting water 10 meters up into the air from its mouth. there are meandering paths leading to the hilltop. at the top of duixiu hill sits the yujing (imperial viewing)pavilion. traditionally, on the day of the double ninth festival (the ninth day of the ninth lunar month ), the emperor ,his consort, and his concubines would climb up to yujing pavilion to enjoy the scenery.

at the southeastern corner of the garden is jiangxue(crimson snowy) verandah. nearby to the southwest lies yangxing study (study of the cultivation of nature) .the yangxing study was used as a royal library during the reign of emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty. the last emperor of the qing dynasty, puyi once studied english there. in front of the jiangxue verandah some chinese flowering crabapples grow. the structure got its name from the crabapples who blossoms trun from crimson to snowy white. in front of the verandah, there grows a rare flower that was brought from henna province under the order of empress dowager cixi. in the northest is chizao tang (hall of using flowery language), once used as a library where rare books were stored.

there are also specific pavilions symbolizing the four seasons .the halls of wanchun and qianqiu ,representing spring and autumn respectively ,are square in shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shaped ridges. the halls of chengrui and fubi,dedecated to winter and summer, are characterized by two verandahs and bridges at their bases .paths were paved with colorful pebbles and arranged in 900 different designs.

the imperial garden can be accessed through the qiong yuan (jade garden )west gate or the qiong yuan east gate. a third gate, the shunzhen(obedience and fidelity)gate, opens to the north. its doors are laid in glazed tiles and it was only used by the empress or concubines.

as our tour of the forbidden city draws to a close, i hope that i have helped you understand why the palace is a treasure of china and one of the cultural relics of the world. it is under the strict protection of the chinese government. since 1949 when the people` s rupublic of china was founded, nearly one trillion rmb was spent on its restoration and refurbishment. the forbidden city has undergone four major facelifts to date. each year, the government earmarks a large sum to gather, sort and study cultural relics. the palace now contains a total of 930,000cultural relics. well, so much for today .let` s go to reboard the coach. thank you !

你们好!我很高兴能够和你们一起去游赏雄伟的故宫。希望我带领你们去游赏时，能够看到一丝丝的微笑，同时也希望把你的微笑留下，带走您的垃圾，把您的照片带走，别带走别的东西，谢谢合作!下面跟我去游赏吧!

大家踏着脚下的方砖，放眼望去，一座金碧辉煌的宫殿在我们的眼前。

这是保和殿，它在北京城内的中部，是明、清两朝的皇宫，据说，古代皇宫是禁地，又有紫微垣为天帝所居的神话。故称宫为“紫禁城”。大家听了介绍，大体会不会对故宫有一点了解了!好，我们走近看看，故宫的保和殿是1961年定为全国重点文物保护单位的。

游客们，我们往保和殿后向北的石道走去，可能有些游客会想：“那还有文物?”可那里的确有一块文物，叫云龙石雕，是故宫最大的一块大石头。

我们到了，大家看，这块石头攻16.57米，宽3.07米，厚1.7米，重200多吨，游客们你们一定会大吃一惊吧!大家看，这块石头原为明代雕制，清乾隆时重雕的。现在，我为大家讲一个故事。传说，为了把如此巨石安全抵运到宫内，要在严冬季节，工匠民夫们在运石路时，每隔一里之远的地方挖井一口，打上来井水泼在路上，形成一条至京城的冰道，巨石利用旱船，就是冰船。调集千余骡马来拉，众人齐心高声呐喊，齐心协力，使巨石在冰道上移动滑行，缓缓而进，一步一步地运至故宫。

游客们听了传说，可想而知，这块巨石时十分的重呀!

朋友们，我们走出保和殿，我们去结构精巧，造型秀丽的角楼。

今天有幸陪同大家一道参观，我感到很高兴。

这里就是闻名世界的故宫博物馆，简称为故宫，就是昔日的皇家宫殿。

北京故宫位于北京市中心，是明清两代的皇宫，又称为“紫禁城”（历代宫殿都象“象天立宫”，以表示君权“受命于天”）。

由于君为天子，天子的宫殿如同天帝居住的“紫宫”禁地，故名“紫禁城”。

故宫始建于明永乐四年（1406年），永乐十八年（1420年）建成。

历经有清两个朝代24个皇帝。

故宫规模宏大，西宽750米，南北长960米，占地72万平方米，建筑面积15万多平方米，有房屋9999间，是世界上最大最完整的古代宫殿建筑群。

为了突出帝王至高无上的权威，故宫有一条贯穿宫城南北的中轴线，在这条中轴线上，按照“前朝后寝”的古制，布置着帝王发施令，象征政权中心的三大殿（太和殿、中和殿、保和殿）和帝后居住的后三宫（乾清宫、交仄殿、坤宁宫）。

出于防御的需要，这些宫殿建筑的处围筑有高达10米的宫墙，四周有角楼，外有护城河。

故宫御花园，原名宫后苑，今俗称御花园，占地一万二千平方米。

以钦安殿为中心，园林建筑采用主次相辅，左右对称的格局，布局紧凑，古典富丽。

殿东北的堆秀山，为太湖石叠砌而成，上筑御景亭，每年重阳节帝后在北登高。

1987年故宫被联合国教科文组织，评定为“世界文化遗产”，是建筑艺术的经典之作。

朋友们，因为时间仓促，这次对故宫的介绍就到此结束。

下次有机会再带大家详细的参观。

谢谢合作！

各位游客大家好，很高兴成为你们的导游，我叫陈子安，大家叫我陈导或小安都能够，我会尽自我全力为你们服务。

故宫位于北京市城区中心，是明、清两代的皇宫，是当今世界上现存规模最大、建筑最雄伟、保存最完整的古代皇家宫殿。故宫又叫紫禁城。紫禁城是中国五个多世纪以来的最高权力中心，它以园林景观和容纳了家具及工艺品的9000个房间的庞大建筑群，成为明清时代中国礼貌无价的历史见证。1987年，北京故宫被联合国教科文组织列入《世界遗产名录》。

北京故宫有很多古老的殿，有太和殿、中和殿、保和殿……

此刻我们来到了故宫中最重要的院落--——太和殿及其广场，那里就是皇家举行盛大典礼的地方。太和殿象征皇权的至高无上，太和殿俗称金銮殿，是我国现存木结构大殿的杰出典范之作。太和殿始建于公元1420年，当时叫奉天殿。之后，该叫皇极殿。清顺治皇帝登基后，重修三大殿，并将皇极殿改为太和殿。

太和殿高装饰用的彩绘为最高等级的金龙和玺。殿顶形式为最高等级的重檐庑殿顶，就连大殿正脊上的吻兽也是我国目前最大的，总之处处显示“第一”，那是皇帝认为“老子天下第一”思想的体现。

好!那里能够拍远处太和殿的全景，各位能够在此留个影。

各位朋友，北京故宫到处都有美丽的景色说也说不尽，期望你们细细游赏、拍照。可是要注意不要乱扔垃圾那些，祝你们玩得开心!

教师评价：全文贴合导游词的写法框架，“各位能够在此留个影”的句子显得导游很有人性化。相信大家会喜欢你的。

各位游客们，大家好!，在繁华的沈阳古城中心，有一座巍峨庄严的清代宫殿建筑群。那里就是我们这天的目的地――沈阳故宫。

依建筑时光和布局，沈阳故宫的建筑可分为三部分，它们分别是东路、中路、西路。这天，我们就按这个顺序。首先参观东路建筑。沈阳故宫以其独特的建筑艺术和特殊的历史而闻名中外，在这片绚丽多彩，雄伟多姿的建筑群中，最古老，最具特色的就是我们面前的大政殿。

大政殿草创于1620xx年，是处理国家政务和举行庆典活动的主要场所之一。大政殿为八角重檐攒尖式建筑，外形近似满族早期在山林中狩猎时所搭的帐篷。在大政殿的房脊上，还饰有八个蒙古力士，牵引着八条铁链，象征着“八方归一”。正门前的大柱上，盘旋着两条翘首扬爪的金龙，是受汉族敬天畏龙思想的影响，以龙代表天子的至尊无上。大政殿建筑特点的多样性，体现了多民族文化的融合。金龙盘柱，尽显中原之风;八位力士又流露了浓郁的蒙古色彩;而亭帐式的风貌，则是满族古老文化的延续。作为最早使用和最为重要的宫殿之一。许多重大历史事件都以大政殿为舞台上演。1643年，六岁的顺治皇帝在大政殿继承帝位，并于次年在此颁布了出兵令，命摄政王多尔哀兵入山海关直捣中原，最终完成了满清一代的一统大业。

大政殿两侧南向，十王亭呈燕翅排列。错落有致，如众星拱月，南宽北狭，似无穷无尽，象征兵多将广，万世绵延。十王亭是清朝入关前左右翼王和八旗旗主在皇宫内办公的地方。它们与大政殿构成了一组亭子式的院落建筑，反映了满族独特的军政体制――八旗制度，这在中国的历史上堪称独步天下。远在努尔哈赤立国之初，凡遇军国大事都由汗王与八旗贝勒大臣共同讨论决定。努尔哈赤定都沈阳后，在修建宫殿时便将这种“君臣合署办公”的制度固定化。以建筑的形式表现了八旗制度和“八和硕贝勒共治国政”的政体及军事民主的思想。因而构成了大政殿、十五亭这组独特的建筑，为中国宫殿建筑史写下了空前的一页。

各位朋友，此刻我们来到了中路。从1620xx年皇太极继承汗位，即续建皇宫，构成沈阳故宫的中路建筑。中路建筑前起大清门，后至清宁宫，院落三进，独成一体。大清门是沈阳故宫的正门，为皇帝临朝前，文武百官候朝的地方。它便是演义小说中俗称的“午朝门”。大清门的屋顶满铺黄琉璃瓦并衬以绿色剪边，既保留了以黄为尊的传统观念，又体现了满族对故乡山林的深厚眷念。从而构成了区别北京故宫的一个特点――宫殿顶覆以黄琉璃瓦镶以绿色剪边。穿过大清门，北望便是崇政殿。崇政殿俗称“金銮殿”，是清太宗皇太极举行日常朝会的地方。1635年，皇太极下令将族名‘女真”改为“满洲”。1636年皇太极在崇政殿登基称帝，上尊号“宽温仁圣”，将国号“金”改为“清”年号“天聪”改为“崇德”。

各位朋友，古代宫殿建筑布局讲究“前朝后寝”。看过了皇帝上朝的金銮殿，请大家随我去参观帝后的寝宫。穿过崇政殿两侧的左右翊门，举目可见位于3。8米高台之上的凤凰楼。楼后为帝后寝居的后宫――台上五宫。与崇政殿比较又构成了沈阳故宫不一样于北京故宫的特点――“宫高殿低”。而北京故宫则恰恰相反，是“殿高官低”。

凤凰楼为宴饮、议事之所，是当年沈阳城的最高建筑，诗称“欲穷千里目，更上一层楼”可谓十分贴切。登上凤凰楼俯瞰四周，万般景物尽收眼底，可饱览盛京全景，也可观赏日出。“凤楼晓日”是当年著名的盛京八景之一。凤凰楼门洞上方悬有“紫气东来”匾，为乾隆皇帝御笔。而乾隆皇帝则是借用这个典故寓意大清的国运兴起于东方。

各位朋友，穿过凤凰楼底层的通道后，我们就进入了后妃居住的台上五官。台上五官是清宁宫、关雎宫、麟趾宫、衍庆宫、永福宫。

此刻请大家随我参观皇太极和皇后的寝宫――清宁宫。清宁宫东梢门称“暖阁”，是帝后的卧室。暖阁内分南北二室，二室均设火炕。1643年八月初九，皇太极在暖阁内驾崩，终年52岁，后葬于沈阳昭陵，即北陵。

清宁东次间开门，是典型的满族民居――口袋房，西四门南西北三面都设火炕，称“万字炕”。与汉族有所不一样的是，满族人将烟囱建在屋后，而且从地面向上垒起。这种“口袋房，万字炕、烟囱竖在地面上”的建筑特点具有浓郁的满族风格了。

各位朋友，此刻请随我去参观西路建筑。西路建于1782年至1783年，主要包括：戏台、嘉荫堂、文溯阁等。说起文溯阁，我们不能不提到乾隆皇帝和《四库全书》。出于加强文化统治的需要，乾隆皇帝于1772年下诏访求天下藏书，历经十余年时光编成一部大型丛书。该书分经、史、子、集四部，所以称为《四库全书》。书修成后，抄录七部，在全国建七座藏书阁分别收藏，沈阳故宫的文溯阁便是其中之一。提起宫殿建筑，我们很容易想起“红墙绿瓦”、“金壁辉煌’这类词汇。而文溯阁却与众不一样，屋顶用黑琉璃瓦镶绿剪边，整个建筑以黑绿两色为主色调，这与它的用途是分不开的。文溯阁藏书忌火，依据五行字说立色配饰，装修取《易经》“北方壬癸水”其色属黑，因此屋顶用黑色琉璃瓦，寓意水从天降，消灭火灾。文溯阁外观为两层，内部实为三层，书架上的木盒称函匣，用于收藏书籍。目前文溯阁的《四库全书》保存在甘肃省图书馆。

看到那里，我们这天的参观已经接近尾声。沈阳故宫的三路建筑是分期建造的，布局却是一气呵成，完整和谐。个性是三路建筑分别代表了“八和硕贝勒共治国政”、“皇太极南面独尊”、“康乾盛世”三个时期社会发展的基本特征。“建筑是凝固的历史”，从总体来看，沈阳故宫以建筑的方式反映了满族政权和满族社会由崛起――兴盛一高度发展的历史进程。

各位游客，我们这天的参观就要结束了，期望故宫之行能给您留下完美的回忆。

各位游客,大家好.我是东厦旅行社的导游,名字叫余旭芸,大家叫我余导游就行了.今天,我们要去列入世界遗产的一座宫殿------北京故宫.

北京故宫始建于1420xx年,建成于1420xx年,是明清两朝的皇宫,又名紫禁城.故宫占地面积72万平方米,建筑面积15万平方米,屋子有9999间半.故宫四周饶10米高的城墙,外有50多米宽的护河城.现在,我们已经来到了北京故宫门前.各位游客们,你们看,这座故宫的四个城角上都有一座九梁十八柱七十二条脊的角楼.现在我们已经进入了外朝皇帝处理政事的地方.它们主要有三大殿:太和殿.中和殿.保和殿.现在,我们已经来到了太和殿,它是三大殿中最为高大的,它金碧辉煌,非常好看.看,这个台基四周矗立成排的雕栏,称为望柱,柱子上雕刻着云龙云凤的图画.非常显目且好看.我们出出进进都有四个门:南有午门,北有神武门,东有东华门,西有西华门.其中午门为正门.

好了,北京故宫我们已经游览完了,现在是自由活动时间,大家可以解散,但要注意以下几点:

1.不准破坏文物.在墙上乱图乱画.

2.不准破坏环境及随地吐痰.

3.要注意安全,迷路了要即使打电话和我们联系

下午四点要在午门集合,现在解散

各位游客大家好，

我们此次游览的景点是世界文化遗产、国家 4A级景区、国家重点文物保护单位——沈阳故宫。首先呢，我们一起来看一下沈阳故宫的平面图。

沈阳故宫始建于公元1625年。先后经过三次大规模建设，形成了东、中、西三路格局。东路建立于清太祖努尔哈赤时期，主要建筑是大政殿和十王庭;中路建于清太宗皇太极时期，主要的建筑是大清门、崇政殿、凤凰楼、清宁宫;西路呢，建于清乾隆年间，主要建筑是戏台、嘉荫堂、文溯阁和仰熙斋，它因存放《四库全书》而闻名。那么作为我国现存最完好的两座古代帝王宫殿之一呢，沈阳故宫与北京故宫遥相呼应，却又有着截然不同的建筑风格。现在呢我们就来领略一下昔日皇宫的风采。

首先我们看到的是中路建筑的大清门，它俗称午门，也就是沈阳故宫的正门。是当时文武群臣候朝的地方，也是清太宗皇太极接受群臣谢恩之处。那么这座门为什么叫做大清门呢?正统的说法是清朝的国号为清，皇宫的正门就是国门，所以称为大清门。还有一个传说，这座木门呢在建成之后呢并没有名称，只是叫做大门。后来，皇太极改国号为大清，听说北京明朝皇宫的宫门叫大明门，于是为了体现针锋相对，就将此门命名为大清门。

我们穿过大清门，现在正面的建筑就是崇政殿。崇政殿原名“正殿”，俗称金銮殿。崇德元年定名为崇政殿。它是皇太极日常处理军政要务、接见外国使臣和边疆少数民族代表的地方。

我们可以看到崇政殿为五间九檩硬山式建筑，殿顶铺黄琉璃瓦，镶绿剪边，那么请各位游客注意的是殿顶的琉璃瓦，有去过北京故宫的朋友一定会清楚地记得北京故宫的琉璃瓦是黄色的，而沈阳的琉璃瓦是黄色镶绿剪边。那么这是沈阳故宫与北京故宫的重要差别之一。

我们走上月台。那么在月台两侧分别有用于计时的日晷，和用于存放标准计量单位的嘉量亭。我们看到在月台上呢还设有四口大缸，那么大家知道它们是做什么用的吗?那我告诉大家吧，他叫做“吉祥缸”古代称它是“门海”，是皇宫中重要的防火设施，象征缸中水多似海，可以镇火灾。

我们走上须弥座。抬头看上方的牌匾是用满文和汉文书写的“崇政殿”。请游客看左边的满文，我们有个形象的比喻“中间一根棍，两边都是刺，加上圈和点，就是满文字儿”。那么沈阳故宫的牌匾都是满文在左，汉文在右。而北京故宫的牌匾都是汉文在左，满文在右。那么这是沈阳故宫与北京故宫的差别之二。

我们抬头看崇政殿内上方悬挂的“正大光明”匾额，是由顺治皇帝手谕的。下面呢是皇帝的宝座，据说宝座上绘制雕刻有8条金龙，再加上坐在宝座上的真龙天子，正好是中国古代最大的阳数九条龙。现在崇政殿呢，我们就游览到这里。

眼前的雄伟建筑呢，就是凤凰楼。它建在3.8米高的青砖台基上，为三层歇山式建筑。它原名翔凤楼，是皇太极休息、宴会和读书之所。我们看到正门上方悬挂的“紫气东来”横匾呢，是由乾隆皇帝手谕的。意思是大清朝国运强盛的福气是从东方的盛京传来的。那么凤凰楼不仅是当时后宫的正门，又是当时盛京城的最高建筑，所以有“凤楼晓日”之称，并被列为盛京八景之一。传说呀当年站在凤凰楼上就可以看到抚顺城呢。

穿过凤凰楼呢我们来到了一处院落，此处呢就是皇太极的后宫所在。我们正面的是皇太极的中宫“清宁宫”。它原名正宫，是沈阳故宫中最具满族住宅特色的建筑。我们可以看到它的门呢开在靠东的一侧。形如口袋，所以称为“口袋房”。东一间呢是皇太极和孝端文皇后博尔济吉特氏的寝宫，又称暖阁。寝宫分为南北两室，各有火炕又称龙床。1643年，皇太极就在这里‘端坐无疾而终’，终年52岁，后葬于昭陵。那么在东侧第二间的窗下呢，设有两口大锅，它是用来干什么的呢?我来解释一下，这两口锅是用来祭祀的。满族人信奉萨满教。人们将热酒灌进猪的耳朵，如果猪耳朵有晃动即表示神灵已经接收该祭品。如果不动，则表示神灵不满意，则本次祭祀活动不能在进行下去了。那么猪由于受到刺激就会摇头，满族人认为此时的猪已经通神，成为连接天地的媒介。于是呢就将猪宰杀后洗干净，切成大块，放入北侧的两口大锅里清水煮熟，那煮熟的肉呢就饿放入木槽中供奉给神灵享用，然后再分给参加祭祀的人们，称为“吃福肉”，满族人相信吃了福肉，福气就会降临到每个人的身上。

那么我们现在来到西一侧的房间，西侧呢三间通连，北、西、南三面搭成相连的环炕，称为“万字炕”，这里既是皇帝举行内宫便宴之处，也是满族巫人萨满为皇帝和国家祈神的地方。

清宁宫与汉族建筑不同的地方还在于它的烟囱建在屋后，而且是从地面向上垒起的。一会我们在绕道后面看这个烟囱。清宁宫的这种“口袋房，万字炕，烟囱建在地面上”的建筑特点具有满族特有的民族风格。

我们出了清宁宫呢，大家看到的这其他四座寝宫分别是：关雎宫、麟趾宫、衍庆宫、永福宫。我们下面逐一参观。

关雎宫是皇太极一生中最宠爱的宸妃——海兰珠的寝宫。海兰珠是中宫皇后的亲侄女，永福宫庄妃的亲姐姐。海兰珠嫁皇太极时已经26岁，但皇太极却对海兰珠有着很深的感情。海兰珠由于亲生的八皇子早逝，终日郁郁寡欢，在崇德六年病逝。在他死后两年，皇太极也去世了，据说皇太极的早逝与两年前宸妃的病逝有着密切的关系。

这是衍庆宫，是皇太极淑妃的寝宫，其女，被皇太极嫁给多尔衮为妻

这是麟趾宫，是皇太极贵妃娜木钟的寝宫，其子博果尔曾在皇太极死后成为福临皇位的最大竞争者。后成为朝中重臣。

我们最后来看看皇太极后妃中地位最低的永福宫。永福宫是庄妃博尔济吉特氏的宫室。若论及对清政权的影响，庄妃的作用远远超过了其她四位后妃，被后人评价为清朝历史上最有作为的后妃。庄妃也是中宫皇后的亲侄女，关雎宫海兰珠的亲妹妹。庄妃以其卓越的政治才能，辅佐了三位皇帝成就大清的基业。康熙二十六年，庄妃病逝，享年75岁。成为清朝后宫中寿禄最长的女人。

大家看，在庭院的西南角立着的红色木杆称为索伦杆，木杆顶端有锡斗。满族人称它为“神杆”。它是用来喂养乌鸦的。那么游客们是不是会疑问，为什么满族要祭祀乌鸦呢?其实这于一个关于乌鸦的传说有关。满族的先祖有一次在被仇家追杀时，曾绝望的躺在地上，这时恰巧一群乌鸦落在他的身上。仇家经过此地，认为乌鸦是不会在有活人的地方停留的，就这样满族的祖先得救了。后来满族人为报答乌鸦救祖先一命的恩德，开始供奉乌鸦，祭祀的时候把猪的内脏放到锡斗里来供养乌鸦。

现在呢，我们看到的就是在清宁宫后的这根烟囱，也是当年沈阳城内唯一的一根烟囱。寓意“一统江山”。大家数一下烟囱有多少层?……对一共有十一层，我告诉大家在十一层上面还有三块砖。那么这怎么讲哪?问大家一个小问题：清朝有多少位皇帝，又有多少位是寿终正寝的?……对清朝一共有12为皇帝。其中11位寿终正寝。末代皇帝溥仪只做了三年的皇帝。正好和这十一层零三块砖“一统江山”吻合。

好了，朋友们沈阳故宫我就为大家介绍到这里，希望我的讲解能给大家留下深刻的印象。现在大家可以自由活动30分钟，30分钟之后，我们在正门集合。

各位游客：

大家好!

今天我们旅游的景点，就是我们历史文化悠久的故宫。现在我们是在去故宫的途中。首先，我来自我介绍一下，我是你们的导游，我姓张，大家叫我张导就好。很荣幸可以与你们度过这次愉快的旅行，希望大家都能满意我的服务。

首先我将故宫给大家做一简要介绍。故宫位于北京市城区中心，旧称紫禁城，是明、清两代的皇宫，是当今世界上现存规模最大、建筑最雄伟、保存最完整的古代宫殿和古建筑群。至今已有近580年的历史。先后曾有24位皇帝相继在故宫登基，执掌朝政。故宫规模宏大，东西宽为753米，南北长达961米，总占地面积达72万平方米。有大约10000间宫室。

各位游客，现在展现在我们面前的就是气势雄伟的古代宫殿—故宫了。大家看这四面就是宫墙，而且宫墙四面都建有高大的城门，南为午门也就是故宫正门，北为神武门，东为东华门，西为西华门，这宫墙四“门”的角楼都是风格独特、造型绮丽的。

现在请跟我一起去故宫中最大的宫殿太和殿看看!这里是明、清皇帝召见百官、发号施令、举行庆典的地方。全殿面阔11间，进深5间，外有廊柱，殿内外共立72根大柱。殿高35米，殿内净空高达14米，宽63米，面积2377平方米，为全国最大的木构大殿。