北京恭王府导游词讲解（汇编20篇）

大家好，我姓张，名叫张庚辰。大家可以叫张导。这次，我带大家浏览故宫，希望在浏览中可以结识更多的朋友，更希望大家玩得开心。

在我身后是名不虚传的北京故宫，是明清两朝的皇宫。在那时也被称作紫禁城。这座故宫是明朝皇帝朱棣挑选出的无数能工巧匠，用了20xx年时间建筑而成的。所以说北京故宫的正门很壮观、气派，大家可以去照相留念，给大家五分钟时间。

北京故宫规模宏大，占地面积约为72万平方米，里面有许多的房屋，一共有九千多间。这么多的房屋都去的话，要很长时间。所以，我们不能每间都去。

咱们先去最著名的后寝浏览一下吧。后寝是皇上和王妃在一起生活的地方，以乾清宫、交泰殿为中心，其中乾清宫是皇上的寝宫，每到节日，皇上一定会在那宴请臣子们。乾清宫正殿上挂着光明正大的巨匾，是清朝皇帝御笔亲题的，非常壮观。大家可以把这块巨匾照下来，回去欣赏。

当然，这么大的宫殿，里面的文物也是很多的。现存下来的文物不到150万件，多数放在历史艺术馆展览。如果有条件的话，我们可以去仔细欣赏这些文物。

今天的旅游线到止结束。希望你们对我以及北京故宫留下美好的印象。祝大家一路顺风，下次再见。

各位团友:

大家好!欢迎大家参加__旅行社组织的北京之旅，我是____旅行社的导游员我姓__，大家叫我小__就可以了。在我身边这一位呢是我们这次旅途中最为劳苦功高的一位，我们的__师傅，有着多年的驾龄，综合的说我们的__师傅可称的上是"三好"师傅--驾驶技术好，脾气好，长的也好!由陈师傅为我们行车大家可以放心。在此，我们于以热烈的掌声多谢我们的__师傅。俗话说："有朋自远方来不亦乐乎!”我和司机师傅能有缘分前来接待大家，并能有机会为全团服务感到非常高兴!对各位远到来来北京旅游观光和休闲度假，我们代表____旅行社表示热烈欢迎!

在接下来的几天里将我陪同大家一起游览美丽的北京，希望在这短暂的时间里大家可以通过我的讲解走进北京，了解北京.在行车路途中为避免意外发生，请大家不要把您的头，手，肘伸出窗外，在游览的路途中旅游车就是我们第二个家，请大家注意一下我们车上的卫生，如果您有什么要求可以直接告诉我!我会全力的为您服务.希望大家在这几天里可以玩的开心，住的舒心，吃的顺心。

朋友们，我们面前的这条街就北京最古老的街区之一南锣鼓巷。

南锣鼓巷南北走向，长约800米，东西各有8条胡同整齐排列着，从南向北，西面的8条胡同是福祥胡同、蓑衣胡同、雨儿胡同、帽儿胡同、景阳胡同、沙井胡同、黑芝麻胡同、前鼓楼苑胡同;东边的8条胡同是炒豆胡同、板厂胡同、东棉花胡同、北兵马司胡同、秦老胡同、前圆恩寺胡同、后圆恩寺胡同、菊儿胡同。这些胡同在元朝时没有名称，名称是明朝以后逐渐演变来的。比如菊儿胡同，明代叫局儿胡同，后来改称橘儿胡同，清代宣统时才称菊儿胡同，后延续至今。整个街区犹如一条大蜈蚣，所以又称蜈蚣街。

近几年，成为许多时尚杂志报道的热点，不少电视剧在这里取景拍摄，许多国外旅行者把其列为在北京的必游景点。其实，明清以来，这里一直是“富人区”，居住过许多达官贵人、社会名流，从明朝将军到清朝王爷，从北洋政府总统到__总裁，从文学大师到画坛巨匠，这里的每一条胡同都留下历史的痕迹。

有人说三里屯酒吧街是彩色的，什刹海酒吧街是暗红色的，而南锣鼓巷酒吧街是翠绿色的。这样的评说可能不仅是指自然的色彩，或许还指向其不同的文化内涵吧。这里的每一条胡同都有丰厚的文化积淀，每一个宅院里都诉说着老故事。

欢迎你来到北京故宫！这里又称紫禁城，是明朝两代的皇宫，为我国现在最大最富贵的古建筑群，面积达15500平方米，房屋9000多间。故宫四周围有10米高的城墙，墙外四角各有一座华丽奇特的角楼。

从午门进入紫禁城，然后沿着中轴线依次参观内金水桥，太和门，太和殿，中和殿，乾明宫，交泰殿，坤宁宫，御花园。参观完御花园，可以通过御花园左侧的门进入东六宫依次参观储秀宫，翎坤宫，永寿宫，咸福宫，长寿宫，太极殿，然后出内右门回到乾明广场，东行进入内左门，可依次参观延禧宫，永和宫，景阳宫，乘乾宫。参观完东六宫可沿东长庆门，然后再进入皇极门，可以参观皇极殿，宁寿宫，扮戏楼，畅音阁，养性殿，乾隆花园，贞妃井，最后出贞顺门西行出神武门就可以离开故宫了。

今天我能给你们当导游我感到非常荣幸，我跟着大家一起游览了美丽的北京故宫，高兴的度过了一天。希望你们再来北京故宫的时候再请我当导游，我会更好地讲解美丽的故宫的。

Hello, everyone. Today we come to the first street of China - "three lanesand Seven Alleys", which is known as the "architectural museum of Ming and QingDynasties" and "living fossil of the system of lanes in the city", which are thelandmarks of Fuzhou, a famous historical and cultural city of China. In thefirst "selection of Chinas top ten historical and cultural blocks" announced inJune 20__, Sanfang Qixiang historical and cultural blocks, Beijing Guozijianstreet, Pingyao South Street, Harbin Central Street, etc. jointly participatedin the election, and won the honorary title of "Chinas top ten historical andcultural blocks" awarded by the Ministry of culture and the State Administrationof cultural relics with the highest votes.

In 202 BC, when Fuzhou City was first built, it was called "Yecheng". Theruler was Wu Zhu, a descendant of Gou Jian. After more than two hundred years,Fuzhou in the Western Jin Dynasty had a certain scale. Yan Gao, the firstprefect of Jinan County, thought that the city was too small, so he built acounty city at the southern foot of Pingshan mountain, which is called"Zicheng". The three lanes and seven alleys originated from the expansion of thenew town by Wang Shenzhi, king of min in the late Tang Dynasty. When WangShenzhi was in power, he suspected that the original Zicheng was too small.Outside the Zicheng, he built "Luocheng" with coin pattern bricks. It is saidthat this was the only brick city in China at that time. The south of Luochengis bounded by the Antai river. The north of Luocheng is the political center,mostly inhabited by nobles. The south of Luocheng is the civilian residentialarea and commercial area. At this time, three lanes and Seven Lanes become animportant area in the southwest of Luocheng, and the pattern of lanes and lanesis initially formed.

Todays "three lanes and Seven Alleys" is located in the center of FuzhouCity, adjacent to bay17 North Road in the East, Tonghu road in the west,Yangqiao road in the north, Jibi lane and Guanglu square in the south, coveringan area of about 40 hectares. "Three Lanes" are: Yijin lane, Wenru lane andGuanglu lane; "Seven Lanes" are: Yangqiao lane, Langguan lane, Anmin lane, HuangLane, Ta lane, Gong lane and Jibi lane. With nanhou street as the central axis,they are arranged orderly from north to south, forming a "checkerboard" patternof traditional streets and lanes. In the process of urban change, Jibi lane,Yangqiao lane and Guanglu Lane have been transformed into roads. Therefore,today we talk about three lanes and seven lanes, but actually there are only twolanes and five lanes.

After many years, the pattern of "three lanes and Seven Alleys" remainsbasically the pattern of alleys left over from the Tang and Song dynasties.There are more than 200 well preserved buildings in the Ming and Qing Dynastiesand the Republic of China. Among them, there are 9 national key cultural relicsprotection units, such as Shuixie stage, Yan Fus former residence and ShenBaozhens former residence. It is the largest and most complete ancientarchitectural block of Ming and Qing Dynasties preserved in the city center ofChina. "Three lanes and Seven Alleys" embodies the characteristics of Minyueancient city and the unique characteristics of Fuzhou ancient houses. Thearchitectural structure and materials adapt to the humid and warm climate ofFuzhou; the courtyard layout reflects the traditional family ethics; the gardenis exquisite and elegant, reflecting the elegant taste close to the landscape,which is described as a large-scale "Museum of ancient architecture of Ming andQing Dynasties" by the architectural circles.

In addition to the architecture of Ming and Qing Dynasties, what is moreamazing is the cultural heritage of three lanes and seven alleys. Chen Yan, amodern poet, wrote a poem and said, "who knows that the five willows aresolitary pines, but they live in three lanes and seven alleys." Since theformation of Jin and Tang Dynasty, three lanes and seven lanes have been thesettlements of nobles and literati. Especially in the middle and late QingDynasty, Fuzhou scholars inherent sense of concern for the country and thepeople was more intense in the changes of the world. There emerged a group ofpeople who had an important impact on the society at that time and the processof modern Chinese history. Lin Zexu, Shen Baozhen, Lin Xu, Yan Fu, Lin Juemin,Lin Shu, Lin Huiyin, Bing Xin, Lu Yin, Yu Dafu, Guo huaruo, Wu Shi Turning overthe history, you will be surprised to find that a large number of characters whoare surging up on the stage of modern China, their living backgrounds arereflected in the three lanes and seven alleys, with a remarkable number of morethan 150 people.

It can be said that three lanes and seven alleys have become the epitome ofFuzhous human culture, which highlights the integration of Fuzhou peoplespursuit of orthodox education and pioneering spirit of marine culture. As thegathering place of Fuzhou city spirit, the memorial place of Fuzhou Mingxianculture, the heritage place of Fuzhou traditional merchant culture, and theexhibition place of Fuzhou folk culture, Sanfangqixiang carries the richhistorical and cultural accumulation of Fuzhou city development, fully embodiesthe characteristics and value of material and intangible culture ofSanfangqixiang historical and cultural block, and is worthy of the name ofChina.

Each city has its own unique historical and cultural genes, and it shouldtreasure its own cultural heritage in the process of development. Fuzhou hasalso gone through detours. At the end of the last century, in the heat of oldcity reconstruction, three lanes and seven alleys faced the same danger of being"transformed". Fujian Province and Fuzhou City adjusted their thinking in timeand terminated the original renovation projects for real estate development. Inrecent years, Fujian provincial Party committee, Fujian provincial government,Fuzhou municipal Party committee and Fuzhou municipal government have attachedgreat importance to the protection and restoration of Sanfang Qixiang historicaland Cultural District, and put the protection and restoration of Sanfang Qixiangon the important agenda. The three lanes and seven alleys have been transformedfrom development and transformation to overall protection and restoration. Thegovernment investment has gradually increased, and the expenditure on protectionand restoration projects is mainly invested in peoples livelihood. Thetransformation of the three lanes and seven alleys has not only become aprotection project of material culture and intangible culture, but also acomfortable housing project and popular project to improve peoples livingconditions.

"Three lanes and seven alleys should become a living cultural heritage,"Shan Jixiang, director of the State Administration of cultural relics, gave ahigh evaluation to the renovation project. The value of Fuzhous explorationlies in the protection of both life form and intangible cultural heritage. Therestored Sanfangqixiang is not a tourist area that excludes the original ecologyof the original residents, but a residential community with traditional culturalcharacteristics and a city vitality zone with unique cultural landscape. TangGuozhong, the CPC Fujian Provincial Committee and propaganda minister, saidwell: three lanes and seven alleys are the epitome of Fuzhous gathering ofpeople and culture, and the living fossil of Fujian and Chinese Taiwans deep origin.Her successful protection is not only the wealth of Fuzhou, but also the commonglory of the economic zone on both sides of the Chinese Taiwan Strait and the west coastof the Straits, which needs to be passed down from generation to generation.

各位游客大家好，今天我要带大家前去游览北京国子监它坐落在北京东城区安定门内国子监街(原名成贤街)，与孔庙相邻。是我国现存唯一一所古代中央公办大学建筑。历经元明清三朝，至今国子监已有720xx年的历史，乾隆曾有云：京城为首站住居，国子监为首站住才。现在我就带大家一睹这里的风采，提前祝大家玩的愉快!

现在大家跟我慢慢走咱们来到的是太学门，又称聚贤门，意思就是汇聚天下所有贤能的人。大家看太学门，这个门框和柱子都是黑色的，而国子监的黑门代表才，此才非比财，这里没有门槛是用了孔子儒家的思想：“有教无类”，这里不分贵贱，只要你有才品德好就可来此上学，国子监里面是凹进去的，是皇帝不希望才往外露，所以这里有聚才之意，民间也有：行尽世间万里路，不如国子监走一步之说。

大家跟我走进太学门前方就是国子监二门内大型琉璃坊牌坊，它是北京唯一一座专门为教育而设立的牌坊。位于集贤门内，乾隆四十八年建造，是三门四柱七楼式，这三道门代表人间三宝：福禄寿，四个琉璃瓦柱子代表功名利禄，来咱们往上看上面大大小小的房檐，代表天上的北斗七星，每个门洞上方雕有汉白玉的莲花钉有喜得连科的象征，柱子上方的黄色小葫芦现在告诉我们他们高官厚禄，这三道门是文官走左，五官走右皇帝走中间，而中间的门叫龙门，古话说：十年寒窗读，只为跃龙门。就是他了。

大家跟我往里走眼前这个大殿叫辟雍，辟为开辟，雍为雍州，它是国子监的中心建筑，专供皇帝讲学，设计者是工部尚书刘墉，仅用一年多的时间建成了辟雍环水工程，这种建筑形制象征着天圆地方，外圆内方的格局。大家跟我往里看，里面四个角的位置，有四根柱子大家注意看角上的三角形;是当年和珅提议在四个角上加上一个三角形的结构，所以有一句话这么说和珅：不到恭王府不知和神有多贪，不到国子监不知和珅多有才的说法。大家跟我走眼前这条桥只有当年的新科状元才能走，走到对面校长给他戴上顶带花翎好了，大家看这边是六堂，它是位于辟雍左右两侧的66间房，合称为六堂，分别为：率性堂、诚心堂、崇志堂、修道堂、正义堂、广业堂，是贡生、监生们的教室。现在我门看一下这边的彝伦堂，它位于辟雍大殿以北，元代名为崇文阁，明代永乐年间予以重建并改名为彝伦堂，早年曾是皇帝讲学之处，兴建辟雍之后，则改为监内的藏书处。现在大家跟我往后面走，后面就是敬一亭，它位于在彝伦堂之后，是国子监的第三进院落。建于明嘉靖七年，是国子监祭酒办公的场所。大家看我手指的方向，在孔庙与国子监之间的夹道内，有一处由189座高大石碑组成的碑林。石碑上篆刻着儒家经典。石经上共刻63万余字，规模宏大，楷法工整，而在规模上也是仅次于西安碑林的全国第二大碑林。相传乾隆命和珅、王杰为总裁，彭元瑞、刘墉为副总裁来考订经稿。彭元瑞以宋元善本十三经核订蒋衡手书的经稿，并把俗体字均改为古体字，使经文更加完善规范，古意大增，受到乾隆赞赏，被授以太子太保衔。这使和珅嫉恨非凡，权倾朝野的他命人在一夜之间挖去石碑上全部改过的古体字。直到和珅垮台后，古体字迹才得以重新修复，至今碑面上还有一块块挖补的痕迹现在我为大家介绍国子监第一任祭酒是元代著名理学家许衡，当时有学生200余人。在这里学习的学生叫“监生”，大致有三种来源：一是从全国各地秀才中选拔的正途监生，到此作进一步深造;二是外国留学生，大致来自高丽、逞逻、交趾、俄罗斯等;三是“捐监”，挂名监生，只要交足银子，就能领取“监照”，算是监生。

好了大家现在随便转转，拍拍照，大家拍的怎么样了我们的旅途快要结束了，大家尽兴么其实孔庙和国子监有太多的东西希望大家再一次光临在品味一下这里的文化，谢谢，大家再见!

游客朋友们:

您们好，欢迎您到北海公园参观游览。

北海公园位于北京市的中心，是我园现存最悠久、保存最完整的皇家园林之一，距今已有近千年的历史。

北海园林的开发始于辽代，金代又在辽代初创的基础上于大定十九年(1179年)建成规模宏伟的太宁宫。太宁宫沿袭我国皇家园林“一池三山”的规制，并将北宋汴京艮岳御园中的太湖石移置于琼华岛上。至元四年(1267年)，元世祖忽必烈以太宁宫琼华岛为中心营建大都，琼华岛及其所在的湖泊被划入皇城，赐名万寿山、太液池。永乐十八年(1420xx年)明朝正式迁都北京，万寿山、太液池成为紫禁城西面的御苑，称西苑。明代向南开拓水面，形成三海的格局。清朝承袭明代的西苑，乾隆时期对北海进行大规模的改建，奠定了此后的规模和格局。

辛亥革命后，1920xx年北海辟为公园对外开放。1949年新中国成立后，党和政府对北海公园的保护极为重视，拨巨资予以修葺，1961年被国务院公布为第一批全园重点文物保护单位。

北海是中国历史园林的艺术杰作。全园占地69公顷(其中水面39公顷)，主要由琼华岛、东岸、北岸景区组成。琼华岛上树木苍郁，殿宇栉比，亭台楼阁，错落有致，白塔耸立山巅，成为公园的标志，环湖垂柳掩映着濠濮间、画舫斋、静心斋、天王殿、快雪堂、九龙壁、五龙亭、小西天等众多着名景点，北海园林博采众长，有北方园林的宏阔气势和江南私家园林婉约多姿的风韵，并蓄帝王宫苑的富丽堂皇及宗教寺院的庄严肃穆，气象万千而又浑然一体，是中国园林艺术的瑰宝。

徽州，简称“徽”，古称歙州，又名新安，为浙江省最早雏形唐末两浙道的组成部分，也是江南省分割后安徽之“徽”的命名来源。

徽州古城(2)宋徽宗宣和三年(1121年)，改歙州为徽州，府治今歙县，从此历宋元明清四代，统一府六县，明清时徽商称雄中国商界500余年，有“无徽不成镇”、“徽商遍天下”之说。

徽文化也成为中外学者重点研究的中华三大地域文化之一。1987年，国务院批准改徽州地区为黄山市。今黄山市下属的徽州区长期来一直为歙县地治，于1988年1月划歙县7个乡镇成立。歙县徽城镇古为徽州府城。

徽州“一府六县”格局始于唐大历五年(770年)。

自从晋太康元年(280后年)新安郡辖黟、歙、海宁、黎阳、遂安、始新六县以后，历有变动。南朝宋大明八年(464年)，黎阳县并入海宁县，新安郡辖歙、黟、海宁、遂安和始新五县。梁普通三年(522年)，划吴郡寿昌县归新安郡。梁承圣二年(553年)，分海宁、黟、歙三县各一部分置黎阳县，四县划出新安郡置新宁郡，治所海阳。陈天嘉三年(562年)新宁郡并入新宁郡，辖歙、黟、海宁(黎阳县并入)，始新、遂安、寿昌六县。隋开皇九年(589年)，罢新安郡，废黟、歙二县入海宁县，划归婺州管辖。开皇十一年复黟、歙二县，置歙州，州治黟。开皇十八年，改海宁县为休宁县。隋大业三年(607年)，改歙州为新安郡，领休宁、黟、歙三县，郡治休宁县万安山。唐武德四年(621年)，改新安郡为歙州，州治歙县。开元二十八年(740年)，划休宁县西乡和乐平县怀金乡建婺源县，属歙州。永泰二年(766年)，划歙、休宁二县地设归德县，划黟县赤山镇和饶州浮梁县一部分设祁门县，划歙县华阳镇设绩溪县，均属歙州。大历五年(770年)，废归德县，地复归歙、休宁二县，州领黟、歙、祁门、休宁、婺源、绩溪六县。形成徽州一府六县格局。

徽州婚嫁：旧时，徽州婚嫁严格遵循父母之命，媒妁之言。一般有九道程序：说媒、行聘、请期、搬行嫁、开脸、迎亲、拜堂、闹洞房、回门。说媒者一般为年长女性，称"媒婆"。行聘俗称"送担"，女方接礼后当天回礼，婚事即定。定亲后，由男方选定结緍日期通知女方，称"请期"。请期后搬行嫁。迎亲当天，由姑妈或舅妈用两根丝线把新娘额头的汗毛绞去，谓之"开脸"，亦称"拉面"。接着便是迎亲、拜堂、闹洞房。婚后第三天，新郞陪同新娘回拜父母，谓之"回门"。此为"明媒正娶"。另有童婚、纳妾、抢亲、入赘、冲喜、灵前婚等特殊婚姻形式。20世纪50年代后，父母包办婚姻逐渐被自由恋爱代替，婚事简办。80年代后，有采取旅游结緍和集体婚礼形式的。

徽州人杰地灵，不仅以神奇美妙的自然景观名播中外，更以灿烂辉煌的徽州文化著称于世。东汉、西晋、唐末、北宋时，有四次北方强宗大族的南迁，带来了先进的生产技术和中原文化，而徽州文化则是对中原文化的最杰出的包容整合。它的全面崛起始于北宋后期，至明清时期达到鼎盛。徽州文化内涵丰富，在各个层面、各个领域都形成了独特的流派和风格。如新安理学、徽派朴学、新安医学、新安画派、徽派版画、徽派篆刻、徽剧、徽商、徽派建筑、徽州“四雕”、徽菜、徽州茶道、徽州方言，等等。徽州所出的著名学者和杰出人物，如秋空繁星，不可胜数。国内外学者对徽州问题的研究，始于本世纪30年代。80年代后，以研究徽州历史文化为主要内容的“徽学“(或“徽州学”)概念广为传播，国内及美、日、朝、新加坡等国都相继成立了专门的研究组织或机构。90年代后，徽州文化研究进入了新的阶段，“徽学”被誉为与敦煌学、藏学比肩而立的中国三大地方学之一。

徽州向号“八分半山一分水，半分农田和庄园”。境内群峰参天，山丘屏列，岭谷交错，有深山、山谷，也有盆地、平原，波流清沏，溪水回环，到处清荣峻茂，水秀山灵，犹如一幅风景优美的画图。“一生痴绝处，无梦到徽州”，多少文人墨客对她产生了念慕之情，有的游客甚至“爱其山水清沏，遂久居。

天下独绝——石梁飞瀑!世界上有瀑无梁，有梁无瀑的景观很多，唯独石梁的瀑布是由罕见的花岗岩天生桥与瀑布结合的“上梁下瀑”景观——石梁飞瀑;周边很多的瀑布，构成华东地区最大的瀑布群;还有佛教五百罗汉道场——方广寺、“唐诗之路”的精华地段。

这里还是中国第一部武打片《少林寺》及《少林俗家弟子》、《射雕英雄传》、《济公新传》等许多影视片的主要拍摄地。

华顶是天台山的主峰，海拔1094.5米，为国家级森林公园，是华东地区最佳的养生和避暑胜地。这里“春观杜鹃夏避暑，秋看日出冬赏雪”。公园内14种为国家保护的稀有珍贵树种。最珍奇的要数云锦杜鹃了，堪称华夏奇观，现正在申报世界自然遗产。

这里有千年古茶——天台山云雾茶。有“佛天雨露、帝苑仙浆”之美誉，在中国名茶排名第六。三国时，葛玄来此炼丹、植茶养身，具有1700多年的历史。此茶经传福建转至杭州，成为国际名茶西湖龙井茶，还东传日本、韩国，经同工酶分析考证，有“江南茶祖，日韩茶源”之说。

还有千年古寺——华顶讲寺;千秋茅蓬——养生别墅。还是唐诗之路的目的地，也是王羲之在此学习书法之地，是兰亭书法文化的源头，有李太白读书堂等。

赤城山，是天台山标志，与世界遗产的四川青城山齐名。有“不与众山同一色，敢于平地拔千仞”之美誉。山中有道教第六大洞天玉京洞、济公少年读书地悟月楼、济公院等。赤城山是一座全国也不多见的佛道双栖名山。其中济公院由中国社科院院士齐康设计，被评为浙江省旅游风景优秀建筑，并荣获全国“建筑师杯”优秀奖，这是非常不易的。

有“游黄山天下无山，游琼台仙谷天下无谷”之说。景区内有道教南宗祖庭桐柏宫;有王乔、葛玄、司马承祯、吕洞宾、张伯端等高道的仙迹;有孙绰、李白、孟浩然、陆游等名家的佳作。还有投资42个亿的桐柏抽水蓄能电站。景色可与桂林山水相蓖美!

“周旋天纲以虚无为场，跨蹑地络由恍惚作巢”。是唐朝李白写的，景区是全国最大的网络游戏公司之一的盛大网络公司旗下，“永恒之塔”游戏的实景所在地。内有游戏用户家园、永恒之塔、“天龙八瀑”等。在此可感受“天台四万八千丈，一领龙穿秀江东”之气势!

各位旅客朋友们：

大家好!

密檐式石塔

房山区云居寺及石经山上的唐代密檐式石塔就属于这种早期的结构形式。矮小的塔基由两层石板相叠而成，很不显眼。塔身全部是用汉白玉建造，为四角形，并在第一层塔身内设佛龛，佛龛内的雕像具有典型的唐代艺术风格，是唐代石雕艺术中的精品，具有很高的文物保护价值和观赏价值。从第二层塔身开始，每层用叠涩法砌出塔檐，在塔顶处安置葫芦形塔刹。

北方巨刹

云居寺已经成为国内外著名的佛教寺院，著名的宗教活动场所，享有“北方巨刹”的盛誉。 寺特有的幽静地理环境，奇特迷人的秀丽风光，蕴涵着浓郁的佛教文化特色，是藏经纳宝之地、祈福迎祥之所云居。

佛祖舍利

云居寺不仅藏有佛教三绝与 千年古塔，而且珍藏着令世人瞩目的佛祖舍利。舍利(佛教名词)意为尸体或身骨。相传 释迦牟尼遗体火化后结成的珠状物。1981年11月27日在雷音洞发掘赤色 肉舍利两颗，这是世界上唯一珍藏在洞窟内而不是供奉在塔内的舍利，与中国北京 八大处的佛牙、陕西西安法门寺的佛指，并称为“海内三宝”。为千年古刹增添一份祥光瑞气。

游客们，在我们眼前的就是著名的八达岭长城。长城是世界闻名的八大奇迹之一，它东起山海关，西至嘉峪关，足足有一万三千多里长，像一条长龙盘旋在中国北方辽阔的土地上。它不仅是古代劳动人民的血汗和智慧的结晶，还是中国古代文化的象征和中华民族的骄傲。

游客们，现在我们已经登上了长城，您可以发现，这里是人山人海，所以各位要小心谨慎，以免发生意外。现在您向远处看，就可以发现这里的长城分为南北两峰，蜿蜒盘旋于山脊上，景色十分壮观。这高大坚固的长城是用巨大的条石和城砖筑成的。我们站在城墙顶上，您会发现这里像很宽的马路，可供五六匹马并行。现在请到我这边来，看到我身后这成排的垛子了吗?它有着两米多高，上面有瞭望口和射口，可供瞭望和射击用。现在让我们把目光转移，那高高的城台叫烽火台，它分为两层，上面是瞭望台，下层驻扎着许多士兵。士兵们一旦发现敌人，就点燃烽火，将消息传到远方。可见，烽火台在当时的军事中有着多么重要的作用。

站在长城上，踏着脚下的方砖，扶着墙上的条石，您一定会自然地想起古代修筑长城的劳动人民。我们单看这数不清的条石，一块有两三千斤重，那时候没有火车，没有起重机，就靠着无数的肩膀和无数的手，一步一步抬上这陡峭的山岭。多少劳动人民的血汗和智慧，才凝结成前不见头，后不见尾的万里长城。

现在让我来给您讲一个关于长城的故事。传说，有一对夫妻，男的叫范喜良，女的叫孟姜女，在他们结婚时，秦始皇召集百万民夫修筑长城，范喜良也被抓去了。孟姜女在家里苦苦等待夫君，日复一日，年复一年，孟姜女始终没有等到夫君。于是，孟姜女来到长城脚下万里寻夫。不料夫君早已成了一堆白骨，悲伤之下，孟姜女哭倒了长城，自己也成了望夫石。这就是《孟姜女哭长城》的故事。您听了这个故事，是不是对长城有了新的认识了呢?

欢迎各位父老乡亲来到首都北京，我家大门常打开欢迎您到来!我叫朱玺霖，简称朱导，小朱!今天带大家参观的是我们北京的内城，俗称四九城之中的东城东四，这四九城是什么意思呢?各位看官您听好喽，待我细细道来：这四九城啊!是指北京皇城的四个城门、内城的九个城门的总代称。皇城四门分别是天安门、地安门、东安门、西安门;而内城的九门分别是正阳门、崇文门、宣武门、朝阳门、阜城门、东直门、西直门、安定门、德胜门。这可都是过去皇亲国戚，贝勒公主的府邸所在地。今儿个咱们独独说说这朝阳门内的事儿!来!大家跟我走着，老几位您这眼睛给咱这胡同里的老四合院儿，耳朵给我留着。 首先大家看到的这条胡同是朝阳门内东四头条，大家熟悉的可能是电影朝内81号，其实这地儿根本不闹鬼，只不过是荒废了太久，看着没人气儿，才杜撰出N多的鬼故事来，现在因为电影火了，见天探险的络绎不绝，连个鬼影子也没有发现。并且政府马上就会改造了。先说咱这头条胡同，您瞧着不起眼儿吧，青砖灰瓦四合院，斑驳的门，风化的看不出模样的门墩，这可都是明朝遗留下来的，您先瞧瞧这一号院：原为社科院宿舍，钱钟书、杨绛、戈宝权、卞之琳、余冠英、罗念生等人曾在此居住。

您再瞧瞧这5号，规规整整的两进院儿，谁的宅邸?有人知道吗?对，茅盾，解放前这里曾是北京协和华语学校的中国研究院，专为外国传教士和学习汉语的外国人开设。1974年11月后茅盾就搬到了东城区后圆恩寺胡同13号了。再往前走，19号这门儿里您猜住过谁?相声界的泰斗，侯宝林大师。现在已经变成故居了并对外开放，大家想缅怀大师的可以进去看看。继续往前走，斜对面那门谁家啊?皇阿玛 ----张国立打小儿穿着开裆裤在这院里长起来的。您瞧见没有那棵老枣树，皇阿玛没少上树偷枣吃。老几位意犹未尽吧，东四从头条到14条，各有各的说儿，各有各的宝，您老几位今个先回去细细咂摸咂摸这头条的事儿，明儿早起咱们继续聊二条。给大家留个包袱儿，二条里可是有个王府，哪个王府?孚王府，这里的故事可多了去了，明儿您请好吧!

Respected tourists:

It seems that everyone is very energetic. Today we are going to visit theGreat Wall. Please be prepared. The Great Wall is the longest building in China.It is also the most famous building in China. Its length reaches more than 13000Li. We often call it the Great Wall.

First of all, we came to the foot of the Great Wall. You see, the the GreatWall is so tall and strong that it uses huge stones and brick. The top of thecity wall is paved with square tiles. It is very smooth. Like a wide road, fiveor six horses can be parallel.

Do you see a hole in the tooth, a small square, and a fortress? Let me tellyou what the three things are for? That hole like a tooth! Its called a look. Ithink you must know why it calls it? Ill tell you, when the war was, the eightuncle came to see the situation, that small square. The shape is called anarchery. It is used for archery. That fort is used for city platforms to echoeach other.

Everyone is tired, is it hungry? Can I eat a bit of food, I send you a bagfor garbage, remember not to throw rubbish, Ill tell you a story about theGreat Wall: Qin Shihuang fought a lot before, and then he thought of buildingthe Great Wall, so he took all the men of Qin State To catch the the Great Wall,Qin Shihuang was afraid that the men would run away, so he tied the feet of themen together. How many laboring peoples sweat and wisdom is the only way toform the the Great Wall that has never seen before or after.

歌曲“金瓦金銮殿，皇上看不见，一朝出了五门口，一个名子两只手!”游客朋友们大家好，我们今天参观的景点是北京故宫。

故宫是北京十大旅游景点之一。据说天上有紫薇星垣，是天帝的居所，皇帝以天帝之子自居，因此称自己的宫殿为紫薇宫。皇宫又是百姓的禁地称禁城，故名紫禁城。今天我们称紫禁城为故宫意为过去的皇宫。 故宫是我国文物收藏最多的博物馆。来故宫游览当然要欣赏丰富多彩的建筑艺术和陈列于室内的珍贵文物了。

接下来就让我们欣赏一下它的建筑艺术。

重重的殿宇，层层的阁楼，千门万户的宅院，扑朔迷离的小巷……仿佛永远也转不完的故宫，最初建有9999.5间房屋。古人认为天帝居住的天宫为一万间，皇帝身为天子需自我克制不能超越天帝，于是少建半间。

故宫布局左右对称，城墙四面各设城门一座，南面的午门，北面是神武门。外朝以太和殿，中和殿，保和殿三大殿为中心，可谓是天白灿烂，暗夜肃穆。而文华，武英两殿为侧翼，是皇帝举行朝会的地方，称为前朝。北半部以乾清，交泰，坤宁三宫为中心，东西又有妃嫔居住的六宫，再向外东侧是奉先殿和皇极殿，西侧是养心殿，雨花阁，慈宁宫等，最后一部分是御花园，这部分整体被称为是“后寝”或“内廷”是皇帝处理日常政务，祭祀和居住的地方。

细心的您在参观这些宏伟的建筑会发现宫殿的垂脊上有一列小兽，其用途首先是为了固定脊瓦，使脊瓦不至脱落，另外还有装饰的作用，同时也是地位的象征。

这些小兽的最前面都有一位骑着凤凰的仙人，然后依次排列的是龙，凤，狮子，天马，海马，狻猊，押鱼，獬，斗牛，小兽的后边还有一个垂兽殿后。

并不是每座宫殿上都有如此多的小兽，其中太和殿最多，九个小兽的后面还多了一个行十，再加上前导的仙人骑凤，殿后的垂兽，太和殿上的小兽共有十二个，是所有宫殿中小兽最多的。其他宫殿的小兽总是保持单数。乾清宫是皇帝的正寝地位仅次于太和殿。因此，乾清宫的小兽是九个。坤宁宫是皇帝大婚的洞房，有七个小兽，东西六宫是后妃们居住的场所，有五个小兽，其他的一些宫殿有的是三个，有的是一个，有的甚至没有。

如此浩繁的建筑，在620xx年里任凭风雨沧桑，主次的分明，左右的对称，秩序的井然，从未有过一丝一毫的改变。巧夺天工的设计，从大殿的排序到门户墙壁上的每一处装饰可谓是殚精竭虑，使这诺大的宫殿如一首跌宕起伏的华丽乐章，弹奏不息。

除了精巧的建筑外，故宫更是一座珍藏无数珍奇的宝库：上至商周，下至清末的彩陶，玉石器，青铜器，，名家书法绘画，瓷器，珐琅，文房四宝及竹木牙雕工艺品等可谓是玲琅满目。

故宫它融合着中国最古老最智慧最精彩的建筑与历史，那一砖一瓦一件一物仿佛都在倾诉着明清两朝帝王的奢华生活。建筑的奇妙，器物的精美，深沉的氛围，穿梭其中，每踏一步仿佛都在踏着六百年的故事，六百年的尘烟，六百年的浩瀚。

大家去过北京恭亲王府吗?如果没去过，那就让我来当一回导游吧!

恭亲王府原是“千古第一贪”的和王申的家，后被嘉庆帝立下二十四条罪状，抄了他的家充公。因最后一任主人是恭亲王爱新觉罗·奕讠斤，所以称为恭亲王府。

北京城两龙脉，一是京城中轴线，二是护城河。故宫就坐落在中轴线的头上。而恭亲王府就坐落在两龙脉相交之处。和王申曾大言不惭说：“皇上坐龙头，我坐龙尾。龙头虽掌大局，却还要龙尾行大事。”听听，和王申野心之勃勃，真不愧“千古第一贪”!

恭亲王府内，有九千九百九十九只“蝙蝠”。这“蝙蝠”并不是真实的蝙蝠，而形似蝙蝠的建筑。和王申想让自己很幸福，便取“福”的谐音字“蝠”，建了九千九百九十九只“蝙蝠”。

进门后，首先映入眼帘的，便是一只硕大的“蝙蝠”。这是一只形似蝙蝠的池塘，名曰“福池”。池岸边随意错落着假山碎石。福池周围栽满了榆树，榆树的果、叶形似铜钱，每当铜钱般的果、叶掉入福池时，和王申就会笑哈哈：“天上掉下的钱，进入我的‘聚宝盆’，地上的钱也是流入我和王申的囊袋中。”这话可真不假!

我们顺着福池潺潺流水走，便来一扇门前。这是一扇精美绝伦的西洋门，色彩鲜艳，做工精细。据说这也是他二十四条罪状之一。因为这一扇西洋门是仿造皇家园林——万寿园里的西洋门造的。

进了西洋门，绕过“送子观音”石雕，便是和王申家的戏园了。戏园前是一片花园，修剪整齐的灌木丛中开着些许花儿。《环珠格格》中“香妃戏蝶”这出戏就是在这里拍摄的。全北京城只有两处是满地青砖，一是故宫的太和殿，二便是和王申家的戏台了。因为青砖的扩音效果十分好，所以在戏台上唱戏不需要任何扩音工具，偌大的戏场人人都能听到音乐，能站在遍地青砖的戏台上为和王申等权贵大臣唱戏也是一种殊荣了。

穿过雕刻精细的朱栏长廊，便来到了和王申的书斋。书斋四面假山竹林环合，清幽宁静。整个恭亲王府，就它不是用石砖砌的。这座书斋是用一种特殊的竹料建成的，冬暖夏凉，和王申最爱待在这里了。

出书斋，前面那座十分大气的建筑就是正殿——和王申会客的地方。要上正殿，有一条很特别的路，只有一节阶梯，然后就是一条笔直平缓的坡路，因为和王申说过他这一世，只有年少时吃过苦，然后就一路平步青云，登上了“一人之下，万人之上”的权势颠峰。我们可以跨过最底下的一节阶梯，免吃一点苦，直接“平步青云”。

有这样一个故事：当年孝庄太后年老病重之时，极其爱戴她的皇孙——康熙帝，心情极其郁闷。他让侍女苏麻喇姑准备好纸笔，大笔一挥，写了一个“福”字。写完之后，玄烨和苏麻喇姑看着那个“福”字惊呆了——那个字苍劲有力，十分潇洒。细一看，竟看见了多个词组：多田，多子，多才，多寿……这不就是皇祖母的心愿吗?康熙帝越看越满意，便命人把这个“福”字拓在一块巨石上。结果，久病多时的太皇太后很快康复了!康熙帝大喜，决定将这块饱含吉祥福瑞气息的巨石代代相传，让爱新觉罗家族世代昌盛。

只可惜传到乾隆手中，就被别人偷出了皇宫。这个人就是和王申。现在这块福石就在我们正殿脚下，只露出写有“福”字的一面。这个“福”便是恭亲王府的第一万个福，寓意“万福”。和王申还神气地说：“皇上是‘万岁’，我是‘万福’!”后来，嘉庆帝抄他家时，本想把福石搬回皇宫，可还是没有搬成。和王申太狡猾了，他用石块砌了一座形似蝙蝠的福山，在“福”字左右各砌了一条龙，寓意“龙坐江山”，嘉庆帝不想自毁“江山”，便把福石留了下来。

我们刚才是“平步青云”而上，现在让我们踏着龙脉下来吧。

再沿着福山前的池塘流水走，便可来和王申家的钓鱼池，踩着朱色石船便可来到池中心的钓鱼台，钓鱼台南面堆砌着一些奇形怪状的假山，池里长满了绿色植物。北面岩上栽满了柳树，它们阿娜多姿的身体随风摇摆，与池中冒个不停的水突眼相映成趣，就像自己来到了济南趵突泉。可我回头一看，才发现自己还没离开恭亲王府呢：钓鱼台的栏杆，牌栏上无不镂刻着只有北京恭亲王府才有的蝙蝠花纹。

钓鱼池北岸上，还有一座形状奇特的阁楼，阁楼前种满了花草树木，据说是恭亲王奕讠斤派人按慈禧太后头上的旗头形状做的。奕讠斤很是讨厌慈禧太后，说：“你把我玩弄于股掌之间，我就要在你头上作威作福!”于是，奕讠斤就建了这么一个阁楼。

游完恭亲王府，我再次回首，看着这座饱经历史风霜却风采不减当年的府邸，心中百感交集：在这里住过的人，在自己事业走到颠峰时，却不知自己也走上了权途与钱途的末路。

大家好!我是欢乐旅行社的实习导游，我姓李，大家可以叫我李导。今天，由我来带领大家游览颐和园。颐和园是清代皇家园林和行宫，是我国重点文物保护单位，已经列入《世界遗产名录》。游览时请大家自觉保持它的清洁。颐和园到了，大家请随我下车。

进了大门，绕过大殿，现在的位置就是著名的长廊。你们看，这绿漆的柱子、红漆的栏杆，是一眼望不到头。这条长廊有七八百多米长，分为二百七十三间。每一间的横槛上都有五彩的画，画着人物、风景、花草，几千幅画没有哪两幅画相同。长廊两旁栽的花木，一种花还没有谢，另一种花就已经开了。 微风从左边的昆明湖上吹来，使人神清气爽，大家感觉到了吗?

走完长廊，我们现在来到的是万寿山脚下。大家抬头看一看，一座八角宝塔形的三层建筑耸立在半山腰上，黄色的琉璃瓦闪闪发光，那就是佛香阁。下面的一排排金碧辉煌的宫殿就是排云殿。

现在，我们在万寿山的佛香阁。大家向下望，颐和园的景色大半收在眼底。看，葱郁的树丛，掩映着黄、绿的琉璃瓦屋顶和朱红的宫墙。前面，昆明湖静得像一面镜子，绿得像一块碧玉。游船、画舫也都从湖面慢慢滑过，几乎不留一点儿痕迹。大家向东远眺，隐隐约约可以望见几座古老的城楼和城里的白塔。

我们现在所在的地点是昆明湖。昆明湖围着长长的堤岸，堤上有几座式样不同的石桥。大家走过石桥，就可以去湖中心的那座小岛上去玩。大家看，我现在用手指着的那座桥有十七个桥洞，所以叫十七孔桥。桥栏杆上有着上百根石柱，柱子上雕刻着小狮子，这些狮子姿态不一，没有哪两只是相同的。好，现在大家可以去小岛上玩儿，两小时后在这儿集中，然后我们坐车回去。解散!

( 快上车的时候)大家今天玩得开心吗?通过我的讲解，你们是不是对颐和园有了一定的了解呢?希望下次你们还来找我当你们的导游。再见!

he Ming Tombs are 40 kilometers north of Beijing City on the southernslopes of Tianshou Mountain. They are the burial grounds of 13 Ming Dynastyemperors. In July 20___ the site was designated a world cultural heritage siteby UNESCO.

Empress Xu died in the 5th year of Yongle (1407). Zhu Di sent

Zhao Hong, secretary of the Ministry of Rites and a geomancer----LiaoJunqing along with many others to Beijing in search of an auspicious place forthe tombs. It is said that this group of people first selected the area of TuJia Ying, which means slaughter-house, and as such, it couldnt be used as theburial ground. Next they selected the foot of Yangshan Mountain, Changping.However, since the surname of the emperor (Zhu) is a homophone for pig andbecause a village named wolf mouth ravine was located there, they decidedagainst using that area. Later, they found Yan-jiatai west of Beijing. Again,since Yanjia was the homonym of the death of the emperor, it was also deemedunsuitable. It was not until the 7th year of Yongle (1409), that they finallychose the present Heavenly Longevity Mountain as their cemetery grounds.

The whole area covers 40 square kilometers. It has mountains to its east,west and north, and Dragon Mountain and Tiger Mountain are on either side of itssouthern entrance. The 13 tombs go from north to south. They are arranged in themanner of the Imperial Palace, with the administration area in the front andliving quarters in the rear. In front of the tombs are divine passes, stonearchways and steel towers. The Precious City and Ming Tower stand over theUnderground Palace.

There were 16 emperors during the Ming Dynasty. Buried in the Ming tombs,are 13 Ming emperors and 23 empresses, as well as many concubines, princes,princesses and maids. The other 3 emperors, Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, Zhu Yunwenand Zhu Qiyu are buried in other locations.

The founder of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, established his capital inpresent day Nanjing where he was buried after his death. His tomb is calledXiaoling (Tomb of Filial Piety).

The body of the second emperor of the Ming, Zhu Yunwen, is missing. Somesaid that he died in a fire, while others said that he went to a temple andbecame a monk. There is no final conclusion yet.

The seventh Ming Emperor Zhu Qiyu, was buried as a prince by his elderbrother Zhu Qizhen at Jinshankou, a western suburb of Beijing, because in theTumubao Upheaval, Emperor Zhu Qizhen became a captive and the younger brother ofZhu Qizhen. Zhu Qiyu was chosen as the new emperor, but later Zhu Qizhen wasback and proclaimed his re-enthronement in the Seizing Gate Upheaval.

The Memorial Arch was built in the 19th year of Jiajing (1540) as a symbolof the Ming Tombs. It is 14 meters high and 28. 86 meters wide, and has 5 archessupported by 6 pillars with beautiful bas-relief carvings of lions, dragons andlotus flowers. The Memorial Arch is the biggest and the most exquisite stonearch preserved in the country today. The major designs of dragon and clouddecorations reflect the character of imperial architecture. In addition, it alsodemonstrates the skillful artistry of the Ming craftsmen.

The Big Palace Gate is the front gate of the Ming Tombs, and is morecommonly known as Big Red Gate. Facing south, there are three arch entrances tothe gate, the main inlet to the Ming Tombs. Flanking the gate are two stonetablets, inscribed with orders for the emperor, officials and other people todismount, before entering into the tomb area. If they did not obey, they wouldbe punished for their disrespect. The rules governing the Ming Tombs in the MingDynasty, stipulate that one who sneaks into the tomb area to pick firewood andbreak twigs would be flogged. Those who came to fetch dirt and stone would bebeheaded. Those who entered arbitrarily into the tomb area would be flogged ahundred times.

The Tablet House was built in the 10th year of Xuande (1435), and standsabout 10 meters high with two tiers of eaves. A huge tablet stands in the middleof the Tablet House. The front side bears an inscription by Emperor Renzong forChengzu. The reverse side is a poem by Qing Emperor Qianlong recording in detailthe conditions of the broken Changling, Yongling, Dingling and Xiling. On theeast side is the record of expenditures for repairing the Ming Tombs by the Qinggovernment. On the west side is an epitaph by Qing Emperor Jiaqing. It waswritten in the 9th year of Jiaqing (1804) describing the cause of the fall ofthe Ming Dynasty.

On the north side of the Tablet House, stands a group of stone carvings (36in all). Behind the house, there are two stone pillars. Beyond the pillars arestone animals and other statues. Lions, Xie Zhi, camels, elephants, and Qi Linhorses .All of the animals are in two pairs. Two stand, while the other twokneel. It is followed by the statues of military officers, civil officials andofficials of merit, four in each group. These stone animals and statues weremade in the 10th year of Xuande (1435). They reflect the imperial power when hewas alive and the imperial dignity after he was deceased. The animals andstatues were created using whole blocks of stone weighing a couple of tons andeach was delicately and masterfully carved.

Here stands Ling Xing Gate, also known as the unique Dragon and PhoenixGate, with the meaning of the Gate of Heaven. The gate is pierced with six doorleaves, attached to three archways. The top of the central section of the threearchways is decorated with flames and precious pearl, so it is also known as theFlame Archway. To the north of the Dragon and Phoenix Gate there lays aseven-arch marble bridge, leading to the gate of Changling. To the east of theseven-arch bridge stands an old five-arch bridge, which was the original site ofthe seven-arch bridge.

Actually we are standing on the axle line of the Ming Tombs, otherwiseknown as the Sacred Way or the Tomb path. We passed the Memorial Arch, the BigPalace Gate, the Tablet House, Sacred Way, stone animals and statues, and LingXing Gate. This seven-kilometer long sacred pathway leads from south to north,all the way to the Gate of Changling.

Now, we are moving to Chang Ling. Changling is the first tomb built in theMing Tombs area, covering 10 hectares and containing Emperor Zhu Di and hisempress Xu.

Zhu Di (Chengzu) of the Ming Dynasty was the fourth son of the firstEmperor Zhu Yuanzhang, born in 1360. Zhu Di was conferred the title of theprince of Yan in the 3rd year of Hongwu (1370). He was appointed at Beiping.After the death of Zhu Yuanzhang (the first Ming Emperor), Zhu Di used thepretext of eliminating evil officials at the side of Emperor Jianwen to lead anarmy expedition down south to Nanjing. He seized the throne in the 4th year ofJianwen (1402) and ascended the throne in June inside the Hall of AncestralWorship in Nanjing. Zhu Di was an emperor of outstanding accomplishment in theMing Dynasty. As soon as he became the prince of Yan, he led the generals out tobattle. He had great achievements in calming down the north. After he took overhis nephews power and became the emperor, he still went out to battle throughoutthe country and consolidated the rule of the Ming Dynasty. He made the importantdecision to move the capital to Beijing. During the rule of Zhu Di, magnificentdevelopments were made in the economy, culture and in diplomacy. In terms ofculture, Zhu Di successively sent Grand Academician Xie Jin, Yan Guangxiao andothers to compile the Yongle encyclopedia. The book has become the largest bookever complied in Chinese history. For expanding external exchanges and trade,Zhu Di selected eunuch Zheng He to lead a large fleet filled with precious gold,silver, silk and satins to sail to southeast Asia and Africa seven times in theearly years of Yongle.

Empress Xu was buried together with Emperor Zhu Di in Changling. EmpressXushi was the eldest daughter of Xu Da who was one of the founding fathers ofthe Ming Dynasty. Throughout her lifespan, Xu Shi complied 20 articles ofinternal lectures and a book advising to be good, so as to cultivate peoplesminds. She was the very first one to be buried in Changling and in the Ming Tombarea.

The Hall of Eminent Favor in Changling is the best preserved among thethirteen tombs. It is a valuable relic of ancient Chinas wooden structures. Itis nine rooms wide and five rooms long, a hall size rarely seen in China. Theroof is made of top-class double eaves and there are multiple rooms covered withyellow glazed tiles. The hall is supported by 60 thick Nanmu pillars, the middlefour in the hall are the thickest, the diameter of each one can reach over onemeter. It is known as the best Nanmu (phoebe) hall in the country.

Now we are going to Dinging. Dingling is located at the east foot of DayuMountain. Buried here are the 13th Ming Emperor Wanli (Zhu Yijun) and his twoempresses Xiaoduan and Xiaojing. Zhu Yijun was the longest on the throne of theMing Emperors. (He was emperor for 48 years). He was the greediest and laziestemperor in the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Yijun ascended the throne at the age of 9.After he came to power, he was supported by the chief minister Zhang Juzheng. Atthis time, various aspects of society gained development.

Later ,Zhang Juzheng died of illness. Not long after Wanli managed stateaffairs on his own, he used the chance to select the location for his tomb sitewhen he went to pay homage to the ancestors tombs. He spent eight million taelsof silver (250,000 kilos of silver) and six years to build a high quality tombDingling. After the Dingling was completed, Zhu Yijun personally went to inspectit, and felt very satisfied with the result. He went so far as to hold a grandbanquet in the Underground Palace, which was unheard of in history.

Zhu Yijun was a typical muddle-headed emperor. Reflecting on his reign, hedid not pay attention to state affairs for 28 out of his 48 year rule. The stateorgan was effectively semi-paralyzed during his reign. Later generationscommented that the fall of the Ming dynasty was caused by this emperor.

Zhu Yijun had two empresses. Empress Xiaojing was originally a maid ofWanlis mother Cisheng. Later she gave birth to a son of the emperor. That sonwas the one-month emperor Guangzong (Zhu Changluo). She died of illness 9 yearsearlier than Shenzong died. She was buried as a concubine at Pinggangdi, aroundthe east pit, at the Heavenly Longevity Mount. After Xiaojing was conferred thetitle of “grandmother of the emperor”, her body was moved to the UndergroundPalace of Dingling, and buried together with Emperor Wanli and Empress Xiaoduanon the same day. Xiaoduan was conferred the title of empress, but she could notgive birth to either a son or a daughter to the emperor. Xiaoduan died ofillness. A hundred days later, Emperor Wanli (Zhu Yijun) died too. EmpressXiaoduan, Emperor Wanli, and Empress Xiaojing were buried together in theUnderground Palace.

The tablet in front of Dingling has no words on it. It is called thewordless tablet. There is a pair of coiling dragons along the top and a patternof sea waves carved on the bottom. Its base is composed of a tortoise (Bixi). Itis said that the dragon has nine sons. In twelve of the Ming Tombs, excludingChangling, all the tablets are wordless. Originally there were no tablet housesin front of the Tombs, but later the tablet houses and steeles of the first sixtombs were completed. But the emperor Jiajing at the time indulged in drinking,lust and searching for longevity pills, so he had no time to pay attention onthe inscriptions. Consequently the six tablets are wordless. And in keeping withthis tradition, that’s why the tablets later on are also blank.

Now we are arriving at The Gate of Eminent Favor and the Hall of EminentFavor of Dingling, The Hall of Eminent Favor is also called Hall of Enjoyment.It was the place where the emperor and his entourage held grand sacrificialrites. They were mostly destroyed when the Qing soldiers came. And they weredestroyed again later, so now only the ruins remain.

Moving on, this is the exhibition rooms that were built after theexcavation of the Underground Palace. The exhibition explains in detail thehistory of the tomb master and introduces the tomb excavation process. Theexhibition rooms are divided into two parts, the south and the north. In thesouth room, on display are the sacrificial objects of Emperor Wanli unearthedfrom the Underground Palace. In the north room, on display are the sacrificialitems of the two empresses. All of then are fancy and invaluable.

Now we arrive at The Soul Tower, this is the symbol of the tomb. It is astone structure with colorful painted decorations. The Soul Tower and thePrecious citadel of Dingling have never been damaged seriously. The Soul Toweris the best preserved architecture above the ground of Dingling. On top of theyellow, glazed tiled roof of the Soul Tower sits a big stone tablet. Two Chinesecharacters----Dingling, are carved on the tablet. Inside the Soul Tower, on topof another stone tablet, there are two big characters----the Great Ming writtenin seal characters. On the body of the tablet, seven Chinese characters-----Tombof Emperor Shenzong Xian are carved. The Soul Tower is connected with thePrecious Citadel. The Precious Citadel is a large round wall built with bricks.The Precious Citadel wall is 7.5 m high, and lower part is thick while the upperpart is thin. The round walls perimeter is over 800 meters, and inside the wallis a large artificial mound, the emperors tomb mound, known as Precious Top.

Dingling is the only Ming Tomb to be excavated. Formal excavation workstarted in May 1956 and ended in 1958. First, the working personnel discoveredan exposed gateway at the side wall to the southwest of the Precious Citadel ofDingling. So they dug the first tunnel facing the position of the gateway. Atthe bottom of the tunnel, they discovered a tunnel made of bricks. Three monthslater, along the direction of the tunnel, to the west of the Soul Tower, theydug the second tunnel. During the digging, they encountered with a stone tabletwhich inscribed the words from here 48. 8m forward and 10. 7m downward lies theprecious wall. Therefore it gave the correct direction of opening up theUnderground Palace.

According to the direction of the stone tablet, after digging the thirdtunnel, they found a stone tunnel. At last they got to the precious wall. Thusthey opened the precious wall with a square stone room. To the west end of theroom, lay two marble doors. The working personnel used a wire and wood plank toremove the self-acting stone bar, which was against the back of the door. Withthis method, they opened the entrance of the Underground Palace.

The palace has no beam which was built according to the principles ofgeomancy Altogether there are five chambers. The chambers are separated by sevenmarble doors. The Underground Palace is 27 meters deep, covering an area of1,195 square meters. There is a same structure stone door in between the front,middle and rear chambers. The door is made of marble. The biggest marble door is3. 3 meters high, 1.7 meters wide, 4 tons in weight. It looks heavy, but it isreasonably designed. The pivot of the stone door is inclined to the door axle,so the door is easy to open and close. On top of the door is a lintel (made ofbronze) tube weighing about 10 tons to prevent the door from falling. Carved onthe front of the marble door are 9 rows of 81 knobs and strange animals withrings in their mouths. Located on the reverse side, opposite the animals, is aprotruding section that holds the doors self-acting stone bar.

The front and middle chambers are 7. 2 meters high and 6 meters wide. Thefloor is covered with gold bricks. According to records, the gold bricks aresmooth and durable. The more you polish them, the brighter they become. Thereare no decorations in the front and two annex chambers. In the middle chamber,there are three marble thrones for Emperor Wanli and his two Empresses, known asthe precious thrones. In the front of the thrones, there are five yellow glazedofferings and one blue-and-white porcelain jar of Jiajing Years style with acloud-and-dragon design. It is about 0.7 meters in diameter. Originally therewas sesame oil in the jar. On the surface of the oil was a copper tube with awick inside. It is called the everlasting lamp. Due to the lack of oxygen, thelight went out so the oil had not been used all.

The rear chamber is the biggest of the three. It is 9.5 meters high, 31meters long, 9.l meters wide, the floor is paved with polished stones. In therear chamber, there is a coffin platform edged with white marble. Placed on theplatform are the coffins of Emperor Wanli and his two Empresses as well as 26vermilion boxes filled with funeral objects.

In the middle of the coffin platform, there is a rectangular hole filledwith soil called Gold Well. Putting jade stone around the coffin or inside thecoffin or in the mouth of the deceased is called being buried with jade. Ancientpeople believed Gold Well was the pit of geomancy. It could prevent the bodyfrom decay for a long time. Being buried with jade on a Gold Well was thehighest standard of entombment one could receive in the feudal era.

Originally the empresss coffin should have been placed in the rear chamber.Then why were the coffins of the two empresses also in the same chamber as theemperors? In 1620, first empress Xiaoduan died in April, then in July EmperorWanli also died. After that, the son of Zhu Changluo died 29 days after hissuccession. In only a few months, two emperors and one empress had died insuccession. In addition they had removed Empress Xiaojings coffin to Dingling.All the burdens of the funeral burials fell on the just enthroned Emperor ZhuYoujian. The preparation work was done in a hurried fashion (this was clearlyrecorded in historical documents). The rainy season had already arrived beforethe funeral could occur and the passage leading to the empress annex chamber maynot have been convenient to open. So the coffins of the emperor, empresses allentered the Underground Palace through the front entrance. After the coffinsentered the Underground Palace, since the passage to the annex chambers werenarrow, the coffins of the empresses would not fit through it. So they had toput all the three coffins together into the rear chamber.

Now please follow me out of the underground palace. And our tour for todayis completed. I hope you have found our time together informative and enjoyable.We now have half an hour for a rest, and then we will get together here at4:00pm. Thank you.

大家好，我是这次天坛旅游的导游，我叫王约，大家可以叫我王导。

各位朋友，现在我们来到了天坛。天坛是世界上现存最早的规模最大的古代皇家祭祀性建筑。它是明清两代皇帝祭祀的场所，主要包括祭天、祈谷，以及祈雨。天坛始建于明成祖永乐十八年，也就是公元1420xx年，原名“天地坛”。明嘉靖九年，就是公元1530年，在北京北郊另建祭祀地神的地坛，才改名为天坛。

1920xx年八国联军入侵北京，天坛也未免于难。侵略者盗走无数件珍宝，犯下了滔天罪行。最后一个在这里祭祀的是窃国大盗袁世凯。但天不随人愿，袁世凯也只过了88天皇帝瘾就一命呜呼了。1988年天坛被联合国教科文组织列为人类文化遗产名录。好，下面大家自由参观，四十分钟后门口集合。

大家看，现在在我身后的是圜坛。圜坛又称祭天台、拜天台、祭台。是一座露天的三层圆形石台，为皇帝祭天的地方，始建于明嘉靖九年，清乾隆十四年扩建。

古人认为九是自然数中最大的数，表示至高无上。皇帝是天子，也是至高无上的，所以圜坛建筑的每一个地方都藏有九或九的倍数。看，顶层圆形石板的外层是扇面形石块，共有九层，最内一层有九块石块，而每往外一层就递增九块，中下层全都是这样。三层汉白玉栏板的数量分别是上层栏七十二块，中层一百零八块，下层一百八十块，合三百六十周天度数。三层坛面直径总和为四十五丈，五九四十五，瞧，不仅有“九”还有“五”，表现皇帝的“之尊”。下面，大家可以自由参观拍照。

朋友们，天坛旅游到此结束!

亲爱的游客们，我们的车子正行驶在延安东路高架上，还有十多分钟就将到达上海的著名景点外滩了。我在此向大家介绍一下外滩景区的概况。

外滩位于黄浦江和苏州河的交汇处，与浦东陆家嘴金融区隔江相望。它北起北苏州路南至金陵东路，长约1800米，地形呈新月形。

外滩原来是上海城厢外东北面的沿江滩地，旧时俗称“黄浦滩”，筑路后，名为黄浦路，1945年更名为中山东一路。1843年上海开放后，英国第一任驻沪领事巴富尔，看中了外滩一带地方，在1845年以上海道台公布的所谓“上海土地章程”为根据，划定外滩在内的800亩土地为英租界。此后外国洋行、银行等相继在此建立，后来成为西方列强在上海的政治、金融、商务和文化中心。二十世纪二三十年代，沿江修筑起了二十多栋巍峨参差，各具特色的世界各国古典风格的建筑。并在此地区开设了110多家银行等经融机构，使之成为当时远东最大的经济中心。经过百年历史沧桑的外滩，在1992—1993年大规模的改造工程后，旧貌换新颜，景色更为迷人，被中外游客评为上海“最喜爱的风景点”。

亲爱的游客们，现在我们站在外滩的观景台上，西面就是著名的：万国建筑博览风景线，北面可以看到绿树成阴的绿色长廊，黄浦公园和人民英雄纪念碑也在北面。隔江眺望则能看到陆家嘴金融区的摩天大楼建筑群。下面我将重点给大家讲解世界著名的万国建筑博览风景线。

外滩景区的最大特色就在于被称为“万国建筑博览”的建筑群，这里鳞次栉比地矗立着各种24幢风格各异的大楼，有文艺复兴式、新希腊式、美国芝加哥学派、巴洛克式……再现了昔日“远东华尔街”的风采，处处散发着浓郁的异国情调。每当夜幕降临，在泛光灯的映射下，外滩建筑更显得晶莹剔透，分外迷人。

外滩不仅是一部“万国建筑”的百科全书;也是中外名流演绎精彩人生的大舞台;更是进行爱国主义教育的好基地。主要景点有东风饭店、汇丰银行大楼、海关大楼、和平饭店、黄浦公园等等。下面就请游客们与我一起细细品味外滩景区的无穷魅力吧!

北京最令我向往的是那古代庞大的建筑群―故宫，在我六岁时我就想去故宫游玩了，可是一直没有机会。正好今年暑假妈妈单位要去北京旅游，我就趁着这个机会跟着妈妈去了趟北京。圆了自己心中的梦想。

穿过天安门，就来到了端门，再穿过午门就来到了故宫。首先映入我眼帘的是一个宽广的“广场”，据导游说，这就是文武百官进行早朝的地方。走进去，仿佛进入了大会堂，大约能站800人左右。前面就是著名的太和殿，里面金碧辉煌，金灿灿的宝座边上立着两只活灵活现的丹顶鹤，两边还有四根被金龙环绕的大柱子，足足要两人拉手才能环绕一圈。下面是从太湖底运来打磨过的太湖石，在中国这种太湖石非常珍稀，据说比黄金还贵重。我恋恋不舍地离开了太和殿，一边走一边参观，各个宫殿的布局都差不多，但都比不上前面的太和殿。

走着走着，我感到非常的疲惫了，这时一股清凉的风迎面吹来，我顿时精神一振，才发现我走进了御花园。大片大片的绿色植被让人眼睛一亮，在外面蒸得我透不过气来的热风一下子逃走了，取而代之的是树荫带来的清凉。石板两旁都是茂盛的侧柏，一座座假山上长满了翠绿的植被，假山是太湖石垒起来的，至今已有三四百年的历史，摸起来仍是那么的光滑，可见古代工匠们花了多少心血进行打磨，抛光的啊!帝王的安逸生活是多少老百姓的艰辛换来的。带着留恋不舍的心情我走出了故宫。

这个暑假令我印象最深的就是能去北京参观故宫，因为它不仅圆了我心中的梦想，而且让我感受到了故宫这件宏伟精美工艺品的魅力，更让我感受到了古代工匠们精湛的技艺和辛劳。百姓的生活是贫困的，被压迫在社会的最底层，深受剥削。而帝王将相们的生活是安逸的，是奢侈的。这故宫就是用老百姓的汗水和血水浇灌而成的，也是被压迫被剥削的象征，也是帝王统治阶级生活的一个缩影。

北京是世界历史文化名城和古都之一。早在七十万年前，北京周口店地区就出现了原始人群部落“北京人”。而北京建城也已有两千多年的历史，最初见于记载的名字为“蓟”。公元前1045年北京成为蓟、燕等诸侯国的都城;公元前220xx年秦始皇统一中国以来，北京一直是中国北方重镇和地方中心;自公元938年以来，北京又先后成为辽陪都、金上都、元大都、明清国都。1949年10月1日正式定为中华人民共和国首都。

北京具有丰富的旅游资源，对外开放的旅游景点达200多处，有世界上最大的皇宫紫禁城、祭天神庙天坛、皇家花园北海、皇家园林颐和园，还有八达岭、慕田峪、司马台长城以及世界上最大的四合院恭王府等各胜古迹。全市共有文物古迹7309项，其中国家文物保护单位42个，市级文物保护单位222个。北京的市树为国槐和侧柏，市花为月季和菊花。另外，北京出产的象牙雕刻、玉器雕刻、景泰蓝、地毯等传统手工艺品驰誉世界。

北京的最后一天，我们来到了元、明、清，三朝的最高学府---国子监。

国子监整体坐北朝南，中轴线上分配着集贤门(大门)、琉璃牌坊、辟雍、彝伦堂、敬一亭。东西两侧有四厅六堂，构成传统的对称格局。上轴线上还有一扇太学门， 国子监和现代大学一样，都是教书的，为什么不叫‘大学门’，而叫‘太学门’呢?因为国子监的地位比大学要高一‘点’所以叫‘太学门’。那么为什么地位 不一样?这里教书的人不是别人，而是当代的皇上。而这里教出来的人最低也能当个县令，高一点还能当 状元呢! 国子监那么大，学生又那么多，皇上一个人坐在国子监中间的宝殿内，四面八方 围满了学生，古代又没有扩音器，学生们怎么听得见呢?听导游讲，原来在宝殿的门站着一文一武两位官员，他们负责把皇帝说的话一字不漏的重一遍，每隔一段就有两个这样的官员，这就是那时候的‘扩音器’。

想一想，在古代连皇帝的学生都只能拥有这样的教学条件，现在的科技这么发达，我们的学习、生活条件这么好，我们没理由不好好学习。我一定要通过自己的努力把我们的未来建设的更加美好!