南京夫子庙英文翻译【精选20篇】

国际专利许可合同(附英文)

article 6 technical documents

6.1 party b shall， according to the delivery schedule and details stpulated in

appendix 2to the contract， deliver the documents at________________.

6.2 the date stamped by the air transportation ageney at____________，shll be taken

as the actual date of delivery paryt a shall send to party b a photostat copy of the

airconsignment note shwing the stampde date of arrival.

6.3 within twenty-four hours after the despatch of each lot of the technical documente，

party b shal1 notify party a by cable or telex of the contract number， number and date

of the air consignment note， items of the documents， number of pieces， airmail to

party a two copies of each of the air consignment note and detaikled list of the

technical documents.

6.4 if the technical documents are foumd lost， damaged or mutilated during air

trans-portation， party b shall supply party a free of charge with a second lot of

documents within thechortest possible time but not later than thirty days after it has

received from party a the writtennotice. within sixty days after party a has received

the documents from party b，if party a does not declare the shortage and request to

cover the same， it is considered asa-cepted.

6.5 the technical documents shall be in english and based on metric system of

measure-ments.

article 7 verification and acceptance

7.1 the verification test on the first samplemachine of the contracted product shall

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I have had five years of financial work experience, familiar with doing accounts, tax returns, billing, account and a series of checks on the financial workflow. Eight years of office clerical work experience, familiar with the personnel record contract, termination, to terminate the contract relationship, for co-ordination and insurance work processes, and can take into account the enterprise business license inspection work, and the organization code inspection and other matters.

Dear leaders:

Thank you for your concern about the use of the valuable time of my cover letter!

My name is ， ， and this years 22-year-old， height*zero， X years in on graduated from the University， his loyalty to honest and reliable; will be day-to-day operation of computers， has won numerous awards in the student and to participate actively in hospital the activities of school organizations， have a good life style and high sense of discipline in mind， the awareness of higher consciousness， to the implementation of good order， a strong sense of teamwork， hard work style， not afraid of hardship， and the courage first to. the work of a sense of responsibility strong， and ready to help others on the tasks assigned by the superiors motivated and good at learning on their own hard work， a certain degree of grass-roots management experience.

I have learned is the professional management of industrial and commercial enterprises， but I do not rigidly adhere to professional constraints， of all walks of life are full of confidence and love. Of course， in the spare time， I like to do is to read the Exercise and Sport . I like to see some kind of inspirational books， like her spare time for basketball， soccer and other ball games! I think that there is no good physical work conditions can not be backed up， there is no more flexible mind can not be!

Optional wood and good bird habitat， allow disabled persons to friends. An opportunity to co-operate， to me is a good start， for you are a wise choice. I was a Chollima， as you are pursuing the ability and insight to such a re - The horses only. sincerely hope you can give me a play to realize the value of life， in order to effect social development opportunities. language can only be moved by the people of time， the ability to prove I can. I believe that under your wise leadership， in my diligence efforts， tomorrow I will become a member of your organization best. My credo is: Opportunities favor only those people who are fully prepared.

I wish you every success for the cause.

Waiting for your good news!

Sincerely，

Salute!

June 6, 20xx

Dear Mrs. Corbin,

I was so sorry to learn of your illness. You must hurry and get well!Everybody in theneighborhood misses you, and we’re all hoping you’ll be back soon.

Mr. Burke joins me in sending best wishes for your speed recovery.

Sincerely yours,

Mary Burke

写好一篇翻译年度工作总结不是一件简单的事情，下面为大家推荐一篇翻译年度工作总结范文，供大家参考。

从业以来，仅就笔译而言，做得还算进退自如。当初兴趣使然，毅然决然半路出家做了翻译，现在想来，有些冲动和冒险，但应该说这是一次正确的选择。走到今天，除了机遇外，应该还有其必然性。我拟从一个非语言专业译者的角度谈谈自己对翻译工作的理解和认识。

一、 选准方向，打好基础

有些人认为，只有外语专业的才能做好翻译，翻译就是翻译文学作品。在世界经济文化交流日益频繁的今天，这种看法显然是不全面的。从翻译需求来看，主要还是实用类翻译，如科技、财经、法律等。具体到某一翻译类别，如果没有深厚的经验积累或者相应的专业知识，想胜任愉快是不太可能的。所以我建议翻译新手在从业伊始就应该结合自己的兴趣、特长、专业背景等，选择一个翻译主攻方向。经营某类翻译久了，不仅质量有保障，速度也能上得去，从成本效益角度来看，是相当划算的。

以我相对熟悉的法律翻译为例，我中英文法律文本的阅读量至少达到百万字的数量级。阅读可以帮助我了解法律概念、原理，不同法律文本的风格，甚至对法律推理也有所了解。有了阅读积累，应对实际工作的时候，就能比较轻松自如。对我来说，翻译工作最难的部分不在实际做翻译，而在做知识储备。一方面，我想加强对某一法律领域的了解，做到翻译时心中有数，不会稀里糊涂;另一方面，我要根据公司业务的发展，阅读相关材料。这种准备工作量之大，有时令人心生畏惧。

我心目中最理想的翻译人才模式是 专业知识+语言能力，我甚至觉得现在的翻译硕士教育也应该有一定的针对性。比如说，如果培养方向以财经为主，则可以考虑开设基本的财经、金融双语课程。

二、学会研究，体现专业

我们阅读中文文本时，如果遇到不太理解的词语、概念，可以跳过去，甚至整段整段地跳，或者知道个大概就可以了。但是，要将中文译成英文，遇到这种情况，就算想跳也不能跳，否则还要翻译做什么?翻译的价值从何体现?这时翻译就要做研究。不是简单地查一查字典、搜一搜网络，而是要准确理解相关词语的确切内涵，必要时甚至要阅读相关的英语语篇，了解它在具体语境中的运用。研究的层次不局限于词语，还可以上升到语篇。比如，我就在互联网上找过十个版本左右的英文保密协议，找过多个版本的英文起诉状，研究它们语篇风格和实质内容的异同。

有时听人感慨说，翻译到了一定阶段，就会遭遇瓶颈。我认为，解决这一问题的办法就是不断学习和研究。举例来说，如果时事新闻汉译英的时候遇到困难，我们可以阅读国内外的多种相关报刊杂志，一定可以找到多种可供借鉴的译法，并通过比较，判断出最优译法。

三、注重细节，精益求精

翻译工作最终体现为译入语的字字句句，甚至标点符点上。在细节方面(特别是标点符号和空格)，本地化翻译做得非常好，我觉得可以向全行业推广。

同一原文，不同译文，如何分出译文的优劣高下?假设两个译者的水平非常接近，有时候，一两个关键词的处理，就能看出译者下了多大功夫。比如，approval作为可数名词，在一定语境下是表示“批准件”的，甚至可以结合具体交易细化为“批件”、“批文”或“批函”。又如review，律师review一个文件，可以说是“审阅”;审计师review一个账目，实际上是在“复核”;上司对下属做performance review，实际是对下属的工作表现做“评价”。再如，一定语境下，issue到底是“签发”还是“颁发”?approve到底是“批准”还是“核准”?考虑到动作主体、搭配习惯等，应该还是存在最优译法的。

四、题外话

常听见同行抱怨，说翻译不被理解，不受重视。我以为解决之道在于，一方面，翻译从业者要主动向业外人士解释说明翻译工作的难处，为自己、为行业争取理解、赢得尊重;另一方面，也是更重要的，我们要做好自己的工作，让人知道，专业翻译做出来的东西就是专业，成为一个专业翻译并不容易，需要付出很多。

Dear

I am offering my resignation as operations manager of the plant， effective May 15. As of now， I’m not quite sure where I’ll be looking for employment and am toying with the idea of turning one of my life-long hobbies into a profit-making enterprise. Frankly， Vernon， I was deeply disappointed the vacancy of general manager was filled by someone from outside the company. Through years of excellent performance appraisals， I was led to believe I was in line for that position. Under the circumstances， I think you’ll understand my decision to resign. I do appreciate the management training I’ve been given here; it has indeed prepared me well for almost any general business career I decide to pursue. My best wishes for the company’s continued growth.

Yours truly，

Jiawei

Thank you for a giving me such time to introduce myself. I am Mary Jell Kate Sajolan

Ive got great kids and my life is great.

I can offer six years experience in managing employees， customers and logistics with excellent project management skills and a great eye for detail. All of which should make me an ideal candidate for your organisation

I should say that I am a diligent， self-motivated and a kind person. I have the ability to work hard and achieve my target in time. I am a hard working team worker as well as a good listener. I am also very determined，very good at making my point.

I love reading and communicating with people. play music to relax myself in my spare time.

Thanks for your attention.

Dear Sir or Madam,

Your recruiting advertisement for Overseas trainee on is of great interests to me. With a sound educational background – two master degrees awarded by University of Wollongong Australia and one bachelor degree awarded by Nanchang Institute of Aeronautical Technology, China - and a keen desire to be a part of a professional firm, I am submitting my resume and wish to apply for the position referred above.

In addition to my academic excellence, my various aptitudes displayed in extra curriculum activities combined with fluent English ability as well as proficient IT skills prepare me a qualified candidate. I hold the belief that I will make positive contribution to your company.

Thank you for your time and consideration and I am looking forward to becoming an integral member of your motivated team and would appreciate your evaluation by granting me an interview.

With enthusiastically personal regards.

Sincerely yours,

Li Fang

Hello !

My name is ! My English name is !

My favorite food are fish and rice . Because theyre healthy!

My favorite subject are English and music .Because theyre very interesting ,But i dont like math ,

Because its very boring ! Ilike my English teacher , Because she is funning ! Do you like me ?

我叫，19xx年6月1日出生，17岁，来自西安，我有着直爽的性格，但又不失稳重，不远千里来到怀化这座城市求学。

来到中专学习的事实和我的理想有很大的出入，难免有些郁闷，但在一段时间后，我认清了事实，很看计算机应用专业。"21世纪是电脑的世纪."这句话一点都不假，随着电脑的展，它为21世纪插上了腾飞的翅膀.后来在不断的培养兴趣过程中，我开始对电脑产生兴趣，今后的三年,我将在不断的学习进步中度过的。

“十年磨砺锋利出，宝剑只待君来识”。再苦再累，我都愿意一试，“吃得苦中苦，方为人上人”，在以后的学习生活中，我一定会是一位尽自己的努 力、过一个充实而又意义的中专生活。

英文聘用合同(聘用外国人)

Ⅰ Party A ___________wishes to engage the service of Party B______________ as______________. The two parties, in a spirit of friendly cooperation, agree to sign this contract and pledge to fulfill conscientiously all the obligations stipulated in it.

ⅡThe period of service will be from the______day of______,20__ to the ______day of______,20__

Ⅲ The duties of Party B (see attached pages)

Ⅳ Party Bs monthly salary will be ￥_______ yuan RMB,__ % of which can be converted into foreign currency monthly.

Ⅴ Party As Obligations

1. Party A shall introduce to Party B the laws, decrees and relevant regulations enacted by the Chinese government, the Party A work system and regulations concerning administration of foreign experts.

2. Party A shall conduct direction, supervision and evaluation of Party Bs work.

3. Party A shall provide Party B with necessary working and living conditions.

4. Party A shall provide co-workers.

5. Party A shall pay Party Bs salary regularly by the month.

Ⅵ Party Bs obligations

1. Party B shall observe the laws, decrees and relevant regulations enacted by the Chinese government and shall not interfere in Chinas internal affairs.

2. Party B shall observe Party As work system and regulations concerning administration of foreign experts and shall accept Party As arrangement, direction, supervision and evaluation in regard to his/her work. Without Party As consent, Party B shall not render service elsewhere or hold concurrently any post unrelated to the work agreed on with Party A.

3. Party B shall complete the tasks agreed on schedule and guarantee the quality of work.

4. Party B shall respect Chinas religious policy, and shall not conduct religious activities incompatible with the status of an expert.

5. Party B shall respect the Chinese peoples moral standards and customs.

Ⅶ Revision, Cancellation and Termination of the Contract

1. Both parties should abide by the contract and should refrain from revising, canceling, or terminating the contract without mutual consent.

2. The contract can be revised, canceled, or terminated with mutual consent. Before both parties have reached an agreement, the contract should be strictly observed.

3. Party A has the right to cancel the contract with a written notice to Party B under the following conditions;

(1) Party B does not fulfill the contract or does not fulfill the contract obligations according to the terms stipulated, and has failed to amend after Party A has pointed it out.

(2) According to the doctors diagnosis, Party B cannot resume normal work after a continued 30 day sick leave.

4. Party B has the right to cancel the contract with a written notice to party A under the following conditions:

(1) Party A has not provided Party B with necessary working and living conditions as stipulated in the contract.

(2) Party A has not paid Party B as scheduled.

Ⅷ Breach Penalty

When either of the two parties fails to fulfill the contract or fails to fulfill the contract obligations according to the terms stipulated, that is, breaks the contract, it must pay a breach penalty of US$500 to 2,000 (or the equivalent in RMB).

If Party B asks to cancel the contract due to events beyond control, it should produce certifications by the department concerned, obtain Party As consent, and pay its own return expenses; If Party B cancels the contract without valid reason, it should pay its own return expenses and pay breach penalty to Party A. If Party A asks to cancel the contract due to events beyond control, with the consent of Party B, it should pay Party Bs return expenses; if Party A cancels the contract without valid reason, it should pay Party Bs return expenses and pay a breach penalty to Party B.

Ⅸ The appendix of this contract is an inseparable part of the contract and has equal effect

Ⅹ This contract takes effect on the date signed by both parties and will automatically expire when the contract ends. If either of the two parties asks for a new contract, it should forward its request to another party 90 days prior to the expiration of the contract, and sign the new contract with mutual consent. Party B shall bear all expenses incurred when staying on after the contract expires.

Ⅺ Arbitration

The two parties shall consult with each other and mediate any disputes which may arise about the contract. If all attempts fail, the two parties can appeal to the organization of arbitration for foreign experts affairs in the State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs and ask for a final arbitration.

This Contract is signed at_____________ , in duplicate, this_____ day of _______,20__, in the Chinese and _______ languages ,both texts being equally authentic.

Party A                                     Party B

(Signature)                                   (Signature)

20xx年的X月XX日到X月XX日，这短短的四周，是我次学习当老师的教学实习周。在这段时间，我收获了很多，也成长了很多。近一个月的实习，让我体会到当老师的乐趣。当了近十几年学生，次转换了角色，以一名老师的身份去实习、去体验，任务不同了，视角不同了，因此感受也不同了。

前两周我们以听课为主，为了能更好的适应学生教育环境，我们认真听课，记好笔记，并即时和指导老师沟通，反复推敲老师教案，认真熟悉教材。

这两周，我们还批改了学生们的作文。批改作业时，纠正学生的错误是非常重要，在纠正学生每个错误的时候，要写上激励的评语，让他们在改正自己错误的同时，不会对自己失去信心。在这个过程中，我还发现了大一学生在英语写作过程中普遍存在的一些问题。大体情况可以分为四类：

第一类：存在严重的单词拼写问题，很多同学也分不清词性。

第二类：句子结构不清晰，时态使用错误，而且喜欢用中文思维进行写作。

第三类：不注意标点的使用，随意乱点的现象很严重。

第四类：学生态度问题。这一类学生大多字迹潦草，不认真对待作业。

经过两周的听课，第三周，我们便开始准备教案，为讲课作准备。指导老师指导我们写教案，给我们建议。第四周的周一早上，我们进行了次试讲。虽然试讲并不正式，可是讲课的过程中依然会暴露很多缺点。结束之后，郑老师说我的构思很好，同时也给我提了很多宝贵的建议。我认真听着，积极总结，并及时予以修改。周二晚上，郑老师又抽出宝贵的时间，听我们又试讲了一次。这一次，老师又给我们提了意见，并让我周三正式上讲台。

于是，5月6日，周三下午，我次正式登上了讲台。上课前我感到非常紧张，紧张的介绍完自己，深呼吸了好几次，终于调整好了自己的情绪，开始讲起课来。我按照我的计划逐步进行着内容，同学们也很配合，他们的积极参与让课堂十分有趣。我便充分放松了自己，大胆的讲起课来。最后，由于时间没有把握好，准备的内容并没有讲完。课后，郑老师评价说我讲的挺好，我的搭档也说挺好。这无疑是给了我极大的自信。他们也给了我很多建议。所以回来之后，我又对讲课内容进行改进。5月7日，周四下午，我又讲了两节课，正所谓，熟能生巧，这次，明显没有次那么紧张了，并且在时间的把握上，内容上，都有很大的进步。学生依旧很配合。从老师和我的搭档那里，我都获益匪浅。

这三节课，让我充分体会了当老师的感觉。这种感觉很好，看着学生们对你渴望的眼神，你就会觉得你有责任把他们教好。

通过这次实习，我还总结了几点关于教育的建议，具体如下：

点，兴趣对于一个学生来说是至关重要的。必须把学生的学习兴趣调动起来，使他们在快乐中主动学习。课堂只要是以学生为主，充分调动他们学习的主动性和积极性，由“要我学”转化为“我要学”的教学方式。

第二点，老师要有耐心，才能把学生的缺点纠正过来。而且老师要想方设法创设民主和谐的教学气氛，在教学活动中建立平等的师生关系，把自己当成活动中的一员。

第三点，要注重鼓励学生。他们得到老师的赞扬，积极性提高了，课堂气氛活跃了，就会起到很好的教学效果。

第四点，学生对讲课的内容反映不一，所以要注重跟同学们的交流，明白他们究竟所需求的什么。

从这次实习中我明白到，备课在上好一节课的重要性，因此，我也对老师这个职业有了更深的理解。真正的教师都具有高尚的师德和勇于奉献的精神品质，他们就是一群辛勤的小蜜蜂，为国家的建设打造坚实的基石。这次实习也使我学到了许多书本上没有的东西，让我找到了缺点和不足，让我增长了各方面的能力，是我人生中最有意义的一次活动。在以后的人生道路上我不会像以前那样胆怯。因为在这次实习中我变得勇敢，成熟了。在以后的人生道路上，我也会时刻铭记着这段如歌岁月，激励自己努力前进。

May 5,20xx

Dear ,

This Saturday is my birthday and my parents will hold a simple celebrating party for me. I am glad to invite you to come to the party. Blair, Emma and Roan will also be invited. I am sure we will have a good time. We will have dinner at 18:30 so that you are wished to come at 18:15. My mother is a good cook and you will enjoy the dishes. After the dinner, we will play some small games and then eat the cake. My parents and I sincerely expect you to come and hope to see you then.

True yours,

Daniel

1、四十风雨尽苍茫，十万八千白云长，岁月春秋歌酒对.生死富贵随上苍，日月西复冬降霜.快活安康笑声长，乐看秋风显紫光。

2、四十不惑，正当壯年，虽然您也年青不再，可您是我的好老公，孩子的好爸爸，祝您身体健康，事业蒸蒸日上！

3、蟠桃捧日三千岁；古柏参天四十围。七篇道德称尧舜；四十存心全天真。不惑但从今日始；知天犹得十年来。纪事桑弧当胜日；韬光市井正强年。

4、祝您生日快乐，您的善良使这个世界变得更加美好，愿这完全属于您的一天带给您快乐，愿未来的日子锦上添花！

5、你用母爱哺育了我的魂魄和躯体，你的乳汁是我思维的源泉，你的眼里系着我生命的希冀。我的母亲，我不知如何报答你，祝你生日快乐！

6、小时候，您牵着我的小手在夕阳下散步，夕阳下的风是那么无私，那么柔美，清清的，深深的.今日远在天涯的我仍记得那夕阳，那风，请它们带去我深深的祝福.

7、老朋友今天是您40岁的生日了，一转眼我们，都是迈向50的人了，想当年我们都一起穿开裆裤，玩泥巴，玩过家家一起长大的，现在咱们都是儿女绕妻转的老家伙了，可是在我看來，我们还是当年的情景啊，好了其他的不說了，生日快樂！

8、生日快乐，妈妈，真希望能有语言能表达我们的谢意，感谢你每日操持家务，及给予我们的帮助。愿你在未来的岁月中永远快乐健康！

9、心到，想到，看到，闻到，听到，人到，手到，脚到，说到，做到，得到，时间到，你的礼物没到，先把我的祝福传到：老爸，生日快乐！

10、祝我的爱人生日快乐，时光飞逝，但我对你的爱却更醇厚。在这特殊的日子里，我想告诉你，你的爱使我的生命变得完整。

11、为了你每天在我生活中的意义，为了你带给我的快乐幸福，为了我们彼此的爱情和美好的回忆，为了我对你的不改的倾慕，祝你度过世界上最美好的生日！

12、祝福不请自到，你的笑容很俏，生活节节登高，日子越过越好，快把幸福抱牢，乐在每分每秒！请大声朗读每句第一个字，恭喜你年年有今日！

13、淡淡的烛光，醇醇的美酒，柔柔的音乐，甜甜的蛋糕，浓浓的情意，真真的问候，全都送给你，因为今天是你的生日：祝你生日快乐。

14、绿色是生命的颜色，绿色的浪漫是生命的浪漫。因此，我选择了这个绿色的世界，馈赠给你的生日。愿你充满活力，青春常在。

15、在你永远与春天接壤的梦幻里。祝你：心想事成、幸福快乐！生日快乐！

16、我为你收集了大自然所有的美，放在你生日的烛台上。将能说的话都藏在花蕾里，让它成为待放的秘密。

17、纪事桑弧当胜日；韬光市井正强年。七篇道德称尧舜；四十存心全天真！！兄弟生日快乐！

18、天有多高，您的伟岸就有多高；地有多广，您的胸襟就有多广；海有多深，您的情感就有多深；茶有多浓，您的父爱就有多浓。祝爸爸40岁生日快乐！

19、风雨沧桑坎坷路，成败都归尘与土，放下奔波享人生，悠闲自得享清福，儿孙膝下都缠绕，天伦之乐共此时！祈愿父亲40岁生日快乐！

20、走过万水千山，也曾百转千回，道路坎坷曲折，人生历练风雨，领悟生活真谛，父爱厚重如山，我依然爱您如昔，祝您40岁生日快乐！

21、掬一杯最清的美酒，送去我的问候；拥一缕最暖的阳光，送去我的关怀；拾一片最绿的芳草，传递我绵绵的祝福，送给最真挚的朋友；祝生日快乐！

22、酒越久越醇，水越流越清，花越开越香，情谊越交越真，对你的思念越来越浓。在这个特殊的日子里，我带着最真的心，愿你生日快乐，幸福无限。

23、今天生日祝福你，财富天天眷顾你，美女日日追着你，病魔一世躲着你，幸福永远伴随你，万事时时顺着你！

24、搅拌生活的纷纷扰扰，装点生活的磕磕绊绊，把幸福涂上温暖的颜色，给快乐一个充分的理由，送上我亲手制作的爱心蛋糕，祝你生日快乐。

25、皎洁的月光是我为你点亮的烛光，灿烂的繁星是我送你许愿的流星，无尽的祝福是我送你的生日礼物，请好好收藏在心中，祝你生日快乐，好运势如破竹！

26、简单的一句话语，一个祝福，寄给一个远在他乡的你。虽然不常联系，但是不曾忘记。祝你生日快乐，更愿你天天都有个好心情！

27、逛过很多商店，只为找寻你喜欢的礼物；想过许多创意，让你过个特殊的生日；我的付出你是否知道；但美好的祝福你一定能收到，祝你生日快乐！

28、给雨天充上电就有彩虹的美丽，给夜晚充上电就有白天的魅力，给时间充上电就有奋斗的动力，给祝福充上电幸福就更加给力，朋友，生日快乐。

29、都说向流星许愿会实现愿望，我就会静静坐在楼顶，看着狮子坐流星雨滑过天边，许下了我最慎重的愿望，祝远方的朋友生日快乐，永远快乐！

30、点燃一只烛光，幸福万年长；点亮两只烛光，快乐无限亮；当所有的烛光都点亮，美好的明天充满无限希望，吉祥的光芒永远萦绕你身旁。祝生日快乐！

Self Introduction

My name is Li peipei. I was born in Beijing in 1993 and now I was 13 years old. There are five people in my family now: my grandparents my father, my mother, and I. I love the members of my family very much. I was the only child. And when I was small I usually play with my friends in the park.

I am a very easy-going man. So, I have a lot of friends. I love English, because it’s one of the most famous languages in the world. In the future, I have a good dream, my dreams are going to America for further education and devoting myself to communication. So, in order to make the dream come true, I’ll try my best! I believe through my hard working, I am sure the God will provide better chances for me to build up my future career and personal characters.

That’s all, thanks.

英语专业翻译方向论文开题报告

how to deal with ellipsis in english-chinese translation

i. purpose and significance

with the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. however, the differences between english and chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.

it is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in english-chinese rendition. translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.

according to the oxford advanced learner’s english-chinese dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. what could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.

some words and phrases are useless in chinese but necessary in english. articles in english are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. they are very important in english, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in chinese. ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic chinese. the paper will explore ellipsis in english-chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among china and english-speaking countries.

ii. literature review

long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. in china, xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the sanskrit sutras into chinese, but introduced the first chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand china’s ancient culture. meanwhile, he was the first to translate lao tses works into sanskrit. indian scholars had a high opinion of xuanzang, "in china, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that xuanzang is the first great translator."(ye lang, ) we can say that it was xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. then, some big countries such as america, china, and so on became a melting pot.(gu zhengkun, ) people have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.

with china’s entry into wto and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. a lot of foreign tourists come to visit china. while traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. sometimes, they even feel confused. a lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. all of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (ma zuyi, ). i am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. the love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. but every time when i have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.

communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. in order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. of course, translation is one of them. all translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(gu jinming, 1997) from my perspective, they really have done a great job. and i want to retrospect the cause of their development. after a thorough evaluation, i choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from english to chinese, then i did the following jobs.

i put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then i found that it is a common case in english and chinese which draws much academic interest. in 1976, halliday and hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. this classification exerts great influence in academic circle. thereafter, ellipsis in chinese and english has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. this kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in chinese and english.

another famous theory to explain ellipsis is economy principle. economy principle was put forward by chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his generate crammer. it maintains that language and linguistic study follow economy principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. this principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.

in this thesis, i think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. and in both english and chinese, people advocate brevity. shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). however, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(hua xianfa,)these functions distribute in both english and chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both english to chinese and chinese to english translation.

i found that when chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in english to chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. they consider that it is a common phenomenon that chinese always leave out personal articles. while it is obviously different in english that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. that is because when we translate from english to chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. however, it never happens in english. from this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into chinese.

in my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. however, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in china, and we have less influential chinese translators in the world. therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.

iii. feasibility analysis

this academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:

1.i have great interests in the way of english-chinese translation.

2.i have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .

3.i have collected enough references both chinese and western on ellipsis in

translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.

4.i have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.

5.i have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate english competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise english.

6.my instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject i havechosen.

iv. problems of the research and solutions

1. problems

despite the references i have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in english-chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. what’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in xinjiang, i will have to make full use of my present resources. also, this is the first time i have ever written such a serious academic paper. i am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.

2. solutions

(1) i shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the internet as well.

(2) i shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that i have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.

(3) when i have difficulties in the writing process, i shall consult my instructor and seek for help.

v. necessary conditions

1. our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.

2. the internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the internet.

3. i have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.

vi. outline

i. introduction

a. a brief introduction of ellipsis in translation

b. what should we pay attention to when dealing with ellipsis

c. the reason why ellipsis is so widely used in translation

1. chinese expressions are much briefer than that of english

2. english grammar is wee-knit and complete in sentence structure

ii. the principles of ellipsis

a. omitted words must be useless and unnecessary in the translated works

b. the meaning of the omitted words is implied in the test

c. omitted words which are self-evident

ш. the functions and applications of ellipsis

a. the coherence of the meaning of expression

b. the coincidence of the manner of expression

1. ellipsis of articles

a. ellipsis of definite articles

b. ellipsis of indefinite articles

2. ellipsis of prepositions

3. ellipsis of pronouns

a. ellipsis of personal and impersonal pronouns

b. ellipsis of indefinite pronouns

c. ellipsis of relative pronouns

4. ellipsis of conjunctions

a. ellipsis of coordinating conjunctions

b. ellipsis of subordinate conjunctions

5. ellipsis of rhetoric

a. ellipsis of repeated words

b. ellipsis of synonyms

合 同 Contract No.BTGL-HITACHI 20xx-01

CONTRACT Date: March 20, 20xx

Revised date:July 14, 20xx

卖 方： 地址

THE SELLER: TEL: FAX:

买 方： 地址

THE BUYER： TEL: FAX:

兹双方同意按下列条款由卖方出售，买方购进下列货物：

(5)装运条款和交货期：于合同生效后8月30日前以海运形式送货到达MOJI港口。

Delivery time(CIF MOJI): After the order in effect via seafreight direct to MOJI seaport in JAPAN, and arriving at MOJI seaport on or before: 30th August 20xx. 最终目的地：

Final destination of Products: 794, Higashitoyoi, Kudamatsu City, Yamaguchi Pref., 744-8061 Japan (6)付款条件: 凭证结算，30天内(以提单日期为准)付清货款。 Term of payment: By D/P within 30 days after the B/L date. The seller’s bank information

Beneficiary: Bank Name: ACCOUNT: SWIFT NO.: ADD.:

Contract No.BTGL-HITACHI 20xx-001 Date: March 20, 20xx The revised date:July 14, 20xx

(7) 保险: 按发票金额110%保一切险及战争险(中国人民保险公司条款)。

Insurance : To be covered by the seller for 110% of invoice value against all risks and war risk as per the clause of

the People’ Insurance Co. of China.

(8) 品质与数量，重量的异议与索赔: 货到最终目的地后, 买方如发现货物品质及/货数量/重量与合同规定不符,除属于 保险公司货船公司的责任外,买方可以凭双方同意的检验机构出具的检验证明向卖方提出异议,品质异议须于货 到最终目的地起60天内提出,数量/重量异议须于货到最终目的地起30天内提出。

Quality /Quantity/Weight Discrepancy and Claim: In case the quality and /or quantity/weight are found by the Buyer not to

conform with the contract after arrival of the goods at the final destination, the Buyer may lodge a claim against the seller supported by a survey report issued by an inspection organization agreed upon by both parties with the exception of those claims for which the insurance company and /or the shipping company are to be held responsible. Claim for quality discrepancy should be filed by the Buyer within 60 days after arrival of the goods at the final destination while for quantity

/ weight discrepancy claim should be filed by the Buyer within 30 days after arrival of the goods at the final destination.

(9) 人力不可抗拒: 本合同内所述全部或部分商品，如因人力不可抗拒原因,使卖方不能履约或延期交货,卖方不负

任何责任。

Force Majeure: The Seller shall not be held responsible for failure or delay in delivery of the entire or portion of the goods

under this contract in consequence of any Force Majeure incidents.

(10) 仲裁：凡执行本合同或与合同有关事项所发生的一切争执，应由双方通过友好方式协商解决。如果不能取得协 议时，应提交中国国际贸易促进会委员会对外贸易仲裁委员会，根据该仲裁委员会的仲裁程序暂行规定进行仲 裁，仲裁裁决是终局的，对双方都有约束力。仲裁费用除非仲裁另有决定外，均由败诉一方承担。

Arbitration: All disputes in connection with this Contract or the execution thereof shall be settled through friendly

negotiations. If no settlement can be reached, the case shall then be submitted to the Foreign Trade Arbitration Commission of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, Beijing, for settlement by arbitration in accordance with the Commission’s Provisional Rules of Procedure. The award rendered by the Commission shall be final and binding on both parties. The arbitration expenses shall be borne by the losing party unless otherwise award by the arbitration organization.

(11) Other requirements:

1, Dimensions and marks as per the drawing respectively.

2, How to take test sample as per manufactory way..

3, Additional requirements as per requirements in each drawing.

4，Other conditions to IP-5403& LOI No.DVD-83005-001

(12) The buyer’s bank information:

THE SELLER: THE BUYER:

DROUP CO.,LTD EAST ASIA LIMITED

TO BE CONTINUED

My name is Zhou Huantao. Im 11 years old. Ive just finished fifth grade. I am not tall or short. I am thin. I have bright eyes under my dark hair. Round little face, sweet smile, showing irregular small white teeth, full of love for life, this is the smart me.

I am more open-minded, approachable and love to make friends. There are also many hobbies: playing computer, playing table tennis, drawing, reading and so on. Among them, reading is necessary for everyday life. Chairman Mao has such a sentence: food can be eaten every day, sleep can be a day, and books can not be read every day. This also aroused my perception of knowledge in the book. My favorite book is Encyclopedia for Children. I remember when Dad bought it, I jumped on it desperately, holding the book and refused to put it away. Then I sat in my chair and watched with relish. At noon, my parents asked me to eat, but I was still touring the world of knowledge.

I have not only many advantages, but also many disadvantages, such as carelessness, playfulness and love to read while lying down. Of course, these shortcomings I am secretly modifying, because people will always progress!

Look, this is me. I hope you all make friends with me.

Dear Sir，

I wish to apply for a position with your company as a regional sales manager. Iam twenty-nine years old and at present employed by the Xishan Company，where I have been working as an assistant manager for the past four years. Before that， Ihad spent three years as a sales agent in the Taiji Company.

My oniy reason for leaving my present position is to better myself as I feel I have potential(潜力) for greater things. I wish to serve in a large company like yours so that I can learn new things and give full play to my talent.

I can give you references from both of the firms mentioned above as to my character and ability. Enclosed please find my resume.

I would appreciate your considering my application. I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.

Sincerely yours，

Guo Ying

Deal all:

This is one of the hardest emails I have ever had to write, and for those of you who really know me, you know I am rarely speechless and always have a lot to say, So here it goes…

The last 2 years have truly been amazing and I have come to care about so many of you so much more than just co-workers. You have been my best friends and I will miss you all so much. I feel so grateful to have had the chance to work with you and get to know so many of you. It is so lucky to have such an amazing team and I feel so lucky to have been able to spend two years with you.

while here, I have laughed a lot, cried a little, and even screamed and yelled every now and then - to those of you that were on the receiving end of the yells, please believe that it was nothing personal. I hope you understand why I am making this move, and please believe me when I say it is not an easy one to make.

I wish all of you have a successful future, but more importantly, I wish you and your families a full life of good health and happiness always.

If any of you ever need anything that I can help or support, please do not hesitate to contact me. My new contact info is below and I truly hope to keep in touch with you.

Thank you for your friendship and the amazing memories that I am taking away with me. I love you all - please keep in touch!

The classmates, teacher Wang, hello!

My name is Cheng Hao, 9 year old, 1.36 meters tall and weighing 30 kg, on the third grade.

I was a lively and cheerful boy, I love sports, running, high jump, long jump, play is my strength, and I also participated in the Taekwondo training, now has a red belt, the coach often praised me a good play, I am also very proud.

I also love to learn not only book knowledge, good master, and often read some books, fairy tales, classical masterpiece, social science, celebrity stories, historical stories. I especially love weapon books, aircraft, tanks, I love the submachine gun. Im ready to learn, invented a super the plane, to defend the country.

I also love painting, music, Sax also played well.

I am hardworking children at home to help my mother do housework, I also recently learned fried egg.

I also love playing with my classmates, all together, I am very happy, I have difficulty who are willing to help. Everyone I am a sensible boy.