导游名词英文【最新20篇】

Dear friends from the tourists:

Today, I lead you to visit the Palace Museum.

The Palace Museum is located in the centre of Beijing, this once imperial palace of the Ming and qing dynasties, also known as the Forbidden City. Ming yongle palace was built in four years to 18 years, is now said that from 1406 to 1420. Beijing the imperial palace for the worlds top five palaces, four other temple are the French Versailles palace, Buckingham Palace, Russia, the kremlin and the White House. The Forbidden City, north and south long 961 meters, 753 meters wide, covers an area of about 725000 square meters. Construction area of 15. 50000 square meters. The Palace Museum is enough big!

Legend has it the imperial palace, 9999. 5 rooms, someone did image analogy: if someone from newborn to begin to live, to live to 27 years old can be finished. According to the actual 1973 experts and field measurement of the Forbidden City room is 8704.

The Forbidden City has four door, front door named wumen. Meridian gate has five hole. Its surface is concave, magnificent. Meridian gate after five delicate white marble Bridges to the gate. Dongmen DongHuaMen, Simon xihua gate, north gate of creature. Even the palace of the four corner has choiceness exquisite watchtower, the 27. 5 meters, cross ridge, three double-hipped roof, all bright mountain, polygonal, building is a magnificent structure.

The back door "creature", the Ming dynasty as "xuanwu gate, basalt is the ancient one of the four god beast, tell from the azimuth, left tsing lung, right white tiger, QianZhuQiao, basalt, basaltic main north, so the north door of the imperial palace named" basalt ". The qing emperor kangxi years because of the taboo renamed "creature". Creature is a gate door building form, with the highest level of double-hipped roof hip roof type roof, but its only five studio with wai gallery of the hall, there is no stretch forward around the flanks of so in shape to a level lower than the meridian gate. Creature door is the daily discrepancy of entrance guard. Now the creature door to the Palace Museum front door.

DongHuaMen correspond to gate xihua remote door has dismount monument, gate, north and south, the golden stream flow, 1 on stone bridge, bridge, the north gate of three. DongHuaMen the same as the xihua gate shape, flat rectangular, red ChengTai, white jade 须弥座, construct three coupons door, among foreign stamps hole inside the circle. On the city built towers, yellow glazed tile double-hipped roof top hip roof, the gate width 5, depth between the three, all around the gallery.

The first three of the biggest buildings in the temple is the palace, covering an area of up to 8. 12% of 50000 square meters, is miyagi, after three to 25% of the first three house, who in turn palace, main highlight three palace after the first three temple, the main position. Positioning in 1961 Chinas first batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Ok, you can free activities, play while you pay attention to safety, keep the attractions of health, I wish you all have a good time.

旅游局导游年度个人工作总结

总结一般都是给领导看的，在总结提出自己的想法，有利于得到领导的支持，也有利于团结身边的同事，更好的开展工作。以下是小编给大家带来的几篇旅游局导游年度个人工作总结，供大家参考借鉴。

旅游局导游年度个人工作总结1

自20xx年进入旅游局以来，从事导游工作已有三年时间，这三年也是我离开学校，进入社会，担负责任，接受历练的宝贵时光，从一个只有书本知识的初学者，通过实践，不断成长，逐渐成为一个称职的导游员，尤其是刚刚结束的20xx年，让我在工作中又学习和感受到了很多。

一年来，在局各位领导的关心和指导下，在同事们的支持和帮助下，我的工作水平得到不断提升，工作方式得到不断改进，尽职尽责，尽心尽力地完成了各项任务，工作能力得到了领导认可，于月肩负起了导游组组长这项重要的工作职责。面对新任务，新挑战，欠缺管理经验的我并没有退缩，身在其位，必谋其政，我立即着手学习团队管理方面的知识，深入思考如何提高导游组服务水平，最大限度地发挥团队作用，为来凤游客提供一流的导游服务，同时加强与领导、同事间的沟通，以最快的速度调整心态、转变角色，兼顾好个人导游服务和导游团队管理的双重职责。不但完成了自身承担的具体工作，同时带领团队圆满完成了各项导游服务任务。

一、加强学习培训，扎实服务基础

大多数导游面临的最大问题就是知识面不够广，尤其是接待政府团，领导、专家、学者常常会问一些深层次、高水平的问题，如果回答不出或是应变不好，就会造成尴尬局面，影响气氛和服务效果。因此，在工作之余，我注意各种知识的积累，从天文地理到饮食保健，同时利用电脑、手机掌握最新的新闻动态，及时更新自己的信息库，用大量的知识积累做到兵来将挡水来土掩。同时，积极组织全体导游人员进行思想政治、导游知识、接待礼仪等方面的集中学习，利用好各种集体和外出培训机会，提升导游组组员的基本素质，扎实团队的服务基础。

二、加强实践锻炼，提升服务能力

带团讲解是一名导游学习培训的最终目的和工作的最主要内容，也是成长为一个优秀导游最快最有效的途径，因此，在工作中我积极主动承担领导安排的接团任务，认真对待每一次导游讲解机会，在实践中思考方法，在实践中总结经验，每带一次团都争取从中得到一次大的提升。同时尽量合理安排组员，让每一个导游都能得到更多实践和锻炼的机会。对于新来的同事，在进行初期学习培训的基础上，根据个人情况安排跟团学习，采取一名老导游帮一名新导游的“一帮一”和一名优秀老导游带几名新导游的“老带新”活动，让新同事能够尽快融入集体，尽快上手工作，从而提高团队整体业务素质和服务能力。

三、加强团队管理，提高服务质量

作为导游组组长，我必须严于律己，以身作则，才能得到组员们的认可和信服，进而带领和管理好整个团队，因此，在有学习培训、接团讲解或是常规工作任务的时候，我都积极主动地承担，并且尽心尽力地完成，同时，在工作中对自己坚持高标准严要求，一年来未出现过违纪行为和大的工作失误。在局领导的指导下，根据导游组工作实际，制定了《凤县旅游局导游组管理办法》，明确了导游日常工作规范和各项工作制度，并在实际工作中加以贯彻落实，打造了一支政治觉悟高、服务意识强的导游服务团队。同时，在工作之余，不时地组织一些集体娱乐活动，加强了导游组姐妹们的相互沟通了解，增进了感情，凝聚了队伍，提高了团队的工作积极性。

四、加强交流沟通，保证工作效率

安排导游接团是我的工作职责之一，根据旅游团的特性和团队人员的实际情况，选择合适的导游跟团，能够大大提升服务质量和工作效率。因此，在平时工作中，我注意与各位导游姐妹多加交流，了解每个导游的知识储备、性格特点、近期的工作量、甚至包括心情和身体状况，同时加强与领导的沟通，了解近期活动、重大接待、以及要接待的旅游团情况，对各种信息进行收集整理，合理调配各组员进行接待，在旅游旺季接待量明显加大而导游员数量相对不足的情况下，保证了优质高效的导游服务，使每个接待任务都能保质保量圆满完成。

五、加强责任意识，服务发展大局

随着我县旅游文化产业的快速发展，旅游服务的重要性日趋凸显，作为一名旅游局的工作人员，我不断加强自身责任感和使命感，从大局出发，从小事着手，将自身的每一项工作任务，都看作是为凤县旅游发展所尽的一份力。坚持每晚参加羌舞互动，积极引导游客参与;认真做好周末旅游服务点导游服务;完成重大节庆活动礼仪接待任务;接待贵宾唱羌歌敬酒。在完成本部门的各项工作之余，还带领导游组人员配合法规宣传部参加外出旅游宣传活动，完成其他部门分派的展览馆讲解、旅游接待中心咨询、担任导游培训讲师、外出教舞、大扫除等各项工作。同时做好上传下达，及时协调安排导游组的其他日常工作。

回顾一年来的工作，虽然有了一定的进步，取得了一些成绩，但在个别方面还存在着不足，如知识的积累还是不够，带团过程中对一些突发情况不能自如应对，对游客团的整体控制力还需加强，旅游旺季工作繁忙的时候有浮躁和排斥情绪，对导游组的管理水平还有待提高。在今后的工作中我将不断积累旅游知识，努力提升业务技能，进一步提高服务和管理水平，为凤县旅游业发展作出应有的贡献。

旅游局导游年度个人工作总结2

xx年是不平凡的一年，xx年我从学校走了出来，把两年里所学到的关于导游的知识运用到我的工作中，从理论转向实践 。xx年6月开始我在南岳衡山从事地接导游导游工作，时间不长，资力也不深，而感慨却颇多。

“导游”工作给我的生活带来了许多快乐，却也让我知道，“导游”不是一项简单的工作，与其他职业有一个显著的不同，那就是你必须与客人近距离接触，这自然使我们对服务的感触比一般人深刻。从某种意义上可以这么讲，导游职业的无穷魅力正是源于我们对服务的感知和热爱。

通过几个月的工作实践 ，我深深的体会 到，取得了导游证，并不代表你就永远是一个合格的导游员，而是要不断的的学习 、充实、提高。在旅游者的眼中，导游员应该是无所不知的“万事通”。导游服务是知识密集型的高智能的服务工作，丰富的知识、广博的见闻是做好导游服务工的前提。

作为一个导游员就要“与时俱进”，永远保持积极的求知欲，以适应社会进步和发展的需求。更重要的是。我们自己千万不敢把自己当成“万事通”，要保持谦虚谨慎的态度，要切记“学海无涯”、“学无止境”，“人外有人，天外有天”，“三人行，必有我师”。

要时刻牢记导游的职责，认真 学习 《导游人员管理 暂行规定》、《中华人民共和国国家标准导游服务质量》，努力的实施好旅游计划，作好联系、协调、讲解等服务工作。坚持“宾客至上、服务至上、为大家服务、合理而可能”的四大服务原则细致、热心、周到的作好导游服务工作。

也就是一切工作以旅游者为出发点，以服务为出发点，时刻考虑旅游者的利益和要求，绝不能拒绝游客的合理合法要求。服务过程中要坚持“为大家服务”的原则，不能有亲疏之分，厚此薄彼，而应对每个游客都热情、周到、友好、尊重，不偏不倚、一视同仁;要坚持“合理而可能”的原则。

在旅游服务过程中，要时刻关注游客的情绪变化，耐心倾听旅游者的意见、要求，冷静分析、仔细甄别，合理又能实现的，就努力的去做，如果没有作好或是已经错过机会，就想办法及时弥补，以求最大限度的达到游客的满意。

导游讲解服务是整个旅游服务活动过程中极为重要的一个方面，在导游讲解过程中，我认为“准确、清楚、生动”三者相辅相成，缺一不可，首先“准确”是首当其冲，至关重要的，在讲解过程中牢记“一伪灭千真”的教训，切忌胡编乱造、张冠李戴、信口开河，这样会使游客有被蒙蔽、愚弄的感觉，会引起游客的反感、责备。

旅游者在旅游活动中“求知”是重要的内容之一，而我们导游就起着传播知识信息、传递审美观念、播洒中华文明的重任，因此导游语言必须科学、规范，传递的信息必须正确无误，这样更能够吸引游客的注意，满足游客的“求知”愿望。其次，“清楚”是关键，在导游讲解中，清楚、简洁流利的语言表达，是导游语言科学性的又一体现。

口齿清楚、言简意赅、措词恰当、组合相宜、层次分明、逻辑性强，避免使用生僻的词汇和滥造词汇，这是导游讲解基本的要求。另外，“生动”是调和剂，是创造旅游团队和谐气氛的重要手段。

如果讲解过程中，语言平淡无奇，象和尚念经似的单调、呆板，会是旅游者感到索然无味，在心里上产生不耐烦或厌恶的情绪;而生动形象、幽默风趣、妙趣横生的讲解能够创造出美的意境，可调整旅游者乐观的心态、欢乐的情绪、浓郁的游兴，创造的是一种和谐、欢乐、积极、高昂团队气氛，给人的是一种美的享受。

旅游局导游年度个人工作总结3

不知不觉又是一年，算算做导游已三载有余。光阴似箭，对我们做导游这行来说时间就是一个月出两三趟团就过了，忙过了旺季一年就过了。又到了年底，今年的导游工作即将结束，回顾这一年的工作，真是丰富多彩。虽然每一次带团都走着同样的路线，但是每个团的人员都是不一样的。所以每个团都会出现这样那样的问题，而自己就在解决这些问题的过程中吸取着不同的经验与教训。慢慢的让自己由新导游一步步变成老导游，其中的酸甜苦辣只有自己才能深深的体会。

在外人眼里觉得做导游是一个让人羡慕的工作，可以到处游玩，还不用花钱.可是其中的苦与累只有做导游的自己才能体会.还真是隔行如隔山啊!还有不少客人会说做导游那可是很赚钱的，可是有谁会知道导游赚的每一分钱都是那么地不容易，可以说确确实实是汗水钱!导游要有超强的耐力，带着客人登山玩水，无论条件多恶劣都要时刻以客人的利益为重。而我就是那个在天气最热的时候专门往热带海滨城市跑的导游，人家都说湖南妹子都很漂亮，特别是导游一定是个美女了。可惜很遗憾的是我这个导游已经被晒成黑玫瑰了。哈哈!

每个导游都会希望自己成为一名优秀的导游员。要想成为一个好导游在我的认知里面就要做到以下几点，在这里我就来总结一下导游工作中必须要把握的几点：

第一点，熟悉路线，节省宝贵的时间。

这里所说的路线要熟不是单指知道每个要去的景点位置在哪里，还要清楚在景点周围路线的走法。以便遇到堵车的情况可以及时地改变路线，来争取时间。还要注意哪些路线是单行线，不要误入其中，以免惹上不必要的麻烦，耽误时间!如果因为出现了不熟悉路线的问题而耽误了宝贵的时间，客人就会不高兴，会指责你的工作不到位，身为一个导游怎么可以不知道游玩的路线呢?很容易让客人产生不必要的误会。导游对路线的熟悉度就得像出租车司机一样厉害。同时你对路线熟悉，也会让你在游客心中留下一个好的印象，会增加对你的信任度。如果有游客走失，就会第一时间告诉你，让你马上知道她在什么位置，节省很多寻找游客的时间!这就是熟悉路线的好处!

第二点 丰富知识，应对客人的提问。

导游在游客的心中是上知天文下知地理的。你就得像一本百科全书，能回答客人提出的各种问题，这样才不会影响你在他们心中的形像。这就要求我们博览群书，给自己不停的充电。客人来自五湖四海，各个民族，各个阶层，每人都会有各种不同的提问等你来解答。知识的丰富，不只是课本或是书上的知识，还得懂得民间的趣事，和正在发生的新闻，以及每天的天气等，这就需要我们增加自己的爱好，广泛学习社会各方面的知识，树立终身学习的理念。现在的客人都是读书人，提问也会越来越难，如果你有一个问题说错了，那客人就会在意见单上控诉你的讲解知识面不广。所以我们要不断丰富我们的各种知识，才能如鱼得水的应对客人的提问。

第三点 服务大方，工作细心体贴。

我们的工作是服务行业，对象是人。我们要把游客当成上帝，对待任何游客都要热情，脸上时刻要挂着笑容。如果你在带团时遇到不高兴的事情，也不能面对着客人表露出来，也要把郁闷的心情藏在心底，有再大的委屈，也得等到工作结束之后再发泄。这就要求我们导游应学会合理控制自己的情绪。客人遇到任何困难就得马上解决，要替客人想到一切可以帮忙的事，要学着像保姆那样把所有的事情都想到，做到，安排客人的住宿，吃饭，起床的时间，注意事项，一一都要说到，如果说不到，就会影响你的第二天的行程，客人会说你工作不到位，甚至还会投诉你。所以我们要具备一个万能保姆的水平和心态!

第四点 协调工作，解决客人问题。

游客是来自全国各地，所以有着不同的要求，也会发生不同的事情。由于地域的不同，饮食习惯差异大，就餐风格不同。比如湖南人喜欢吃辣的菜，但是北海当地的菜都是以清淡为主，还有一些少数民族的朋友们有一些自己的风俗习惯，比如不吃猪肉，这时你就要和饭店协商，做符合这个团队地域口味的饭菜。晚上安排房间，客人不同意或有什么特殊要求，这就要你和宾馆协调更换新的房间等事宜。到了景点，要合理安排游览时间。让大家统一有个时间观念并且一起遵守，，尽量不要让有人耽误时间而影响行程，同时还要要协调好客人不要内部起意见!这样才会确保你的工作顺利进行。最主要的就是和司机，还有全陪或是地陪导游也要相互处理好关系，哪个环节搞不好，都会让你的工作出问题!带领客人进行购物的同时，不但要完成旅行社安排的任务，还要让客人买的高兴，如果遇到买到劣质商品，你还要协调商店，退换货物，帮助客人弥补损失。所以导游还要把自己当成外交官!客人出现问题，你就要来处理，你虽然不是万能的，但是在客人的心里就是全能的，你就要出面来协调。

第五点 头脑灵活，增强应变能力。

导游在带团的过程中，会发生各式各样的意外事件。如遇到客人走失，或是客人有财物被偷等等。这时导游一定要冷静，帮助客人报案，解决事情。遇到重大事帮，头脑也要灵活的处理事情.要具备遇事不惊的能力!同时还要有超强的说服力，安抚好客人的情绪，有条不紊的解决突发状况。

以上五点就是我自己对导游工作的经验总结，或许我还有很多缺陷，需要不停从工作中去学习。自从做了导游以后我才发现，可以学到很多层面各种各样的知识，同时视野也会随着工作的积累越来越开阔。

旅游局导游年度个人工作总结4

掐指一算做导游已2年有余，其间有酸也有甜。曾经试图放弃，却有千般理由选择继续，为了继续而毅然选择加入旅游总公司，希望自己理想的翅膀再次飞翔。

接下来200x年五月的时候带了一次青岛团，由于这次准备并不是很充分，又加上一些主观和客观的原因使自己对这次带团真的很有挫折感，不过，也让我学习到了怎么处理问题，面临问题时要临危不乱，以下是我带团来的大致小结：

1：熟悉线路：团前准备一定要充分，线路熟记于心，多请教老导游，但也并不能轻信别人的提议，要做到有把握，有依据，才能万无一失。

2：服务工作要热心，细心：特别是旺季，一定要提醒旅游注意事项，方可做到防患于未然，有时一句话就能带来意想不到的效果，如旅游安全问题，游览注意要守时等等，主要防止问题出现的时候游客产生情绪上的不满。导游若在事先有个铺垫，效果就会好很多。

3：注意协调工作，安排好游客的同时，也要妥善处理好客人，司机，地陪旅行社和景区的关系。

4：导游要以不变应万变，出现问题也不能自己先乱了阵脚。导游虽不是万能的，但你的头衔就注定了你必须在客人面前临危不乱，及时果断的处理问题，如发生意外情况也要学会随机应变来妥善处理。

5：书到用时方恨少，导游所知道的知识必须广泛，因此要不断的学习，给自己充电。每次带团回来也要及时的总结教训，积累经验。

6：维护旅行社的信誉同时也要保护好游客的权益，当你为客人利益着想时，当客人意见不统一或遇到意外问题时，客人也会尊重和理解你和旅行社的安排。

7：最后，要及时解决客人遗留的问题，导游本身是一个服务行业，不仅仅是满足客人的需求，但不同的人也有不同的心理，你的决定不一定合大众，但一定做到合情合理，客人自然也会给你满意的答复。所以要学会解决不同的问题，不要把问题留到最后。

时间已消逝，的感触心中仍有余悸，我愿把每次大大小小的经历都看成是第一次来认真对待!“路漫漫其修远兮”也许可以回头看看留下的脚印。年轻的我要不断的告诉自己“革命尚未成功，同志仍需努力”!，困难经历了，但经验却留下了。带团总是不可避免要遇到三多(人多车多压力多)，作为导游就要做到三心(多一份细心，多一份小心，多一份诚心)

细心：旅游景点环境杂，作为导游比平常要更多一份细心眼观六路，耳听八方，尽量将客人控制在自己的视力范围内，随时提醒客人归队。

耐心：在游览之前必须将团队的游览之前必须将团队的游览路线，集合时间地点再三强调，以防客人一旦走失可以迅速归队。初到一地大家充满新鲜感会不停“单溜”，这时导游要耐心而迅速的劝客人归队。

诚心：带团随时随地会发生突发事件，导游要用一百分的诚心去解决，事情终会得以化解 。

我付出，我努力!总相信“一份耕耘，一份收获”!

导游实习报告

XX年暑假期间，在校团委的号召下，为焦作的“四创”贡献一份力量，为提高自己各方面的能力，加深自己对社会的了解，我参加了由校团委主办、数学学院团委承办、焦作市神洲旅行社大力支持的暑假兼职导游培训社会实践活动（XX年7月10日--XX年7月25日）。

焦作市神洲旅行社成立于1999年5月，是经省、市旅游局批准、焦作工商局注册的具有独立法人资格的旅游企业。公司总部座落在焦作市政治、经济、文化中心焦作人民大会堂内，现有员工118名，其中专职导游60名，大专以上学历的占95％。历经5年的发展，已形成了一套严谨、科学的管理体系，现拥有“地接中心、组团中心、交通票务中心、导游中心、外联营成功策划、承办了多趟火车专列、大型团队等大型活动年接待人数5万人以上。是焦作规模最大、实力最强、信誉最好的旅行社之一，也是省、市旅游局在焦作旅游业树起的一面旗帜。

自1999年—XX年连续三年被河南省旅游局授予重质量、守信誉“河南省优秀旅行社”、XX年被授予“河南省最佳旅行社”、XX年—XX年连续被焦作市委、市政府授予“焦作市旅游工作先进单位”荣誉称号：、XX年在焦作市旅行社千分制考核中连年高名列榜首；地接中心经理卫军玲、导游中心经理刘友鑫、先后被省文明委、团省委、省旅游局授予“河南省文明导游员”、“河南省优秀青年导游员”。

在这样一个优秀的企业里，我们一行50多个学生得到了系统的导游培训，在为期半个月的培训中，从第一天导游中心经理刘友鑫就逐日开始对我们讲授导游事务、导游法律法规、中国旅游地理、导游事故处理、山区导游模拟、海滨导游模拟等基本的导游技能，培训结束时，焦作市神洲旅行社有限责任公司还组织我们跟随旅行团到青岛、日照等旅游几个城市亲自体验导游的工作。我们还掌握了必要的旅游常识，如：

导游服务质量标准（一）

·导游服务质量标准（二）

·旅行社管理条例1

·旅行社管理条例2

·旅行社办理旅游意外保险暂行规定

·赴港澳旅游注意事项

·乘机出行规矩须知

·儿童乘火车有优待

·发生事故时怎么办

·个人因私护照申请

·旅游住宿须知

·如何在溶洞内摄影

·铁路旅客须知

·文物景点“禁止拍照”

更重要的是我们的交际能力得到很大的提高，处理好各方面的关系，我感到对自己感触最深的是：

一、待人要真诚

踏进办公室，只见几个陌生的脸孔。我微笑着和他们打招呼。从那天起，我养成了一个习惯，每天早上见到他们都要微笑的说声“早晨”或“早上好”，那是我心底真诚的问候。我总觉得，经常有一些细微的东西容易被我们忽略，比如轻轻的一声问候，但它却表达了对同事对朋友的关怀，也让他人感觉到被重视与被关心。仅仅几天的时间，我就和同事们打成一片，我心变成“透明人”的事情根本没有发生。我想，应该是我的真诚，换取了同事的信任。他们把我当朋友，也愿意把工作分配给我。

二、要善于沟通

沟通是一种重要的技巧和能力，时时都要巧妙运用。认识一个人，首先要记住对方的名字。了解一个人，则需要深入的交流。而这些，都要自己主动去做。

三、要有热情和信心

其实，不管在哪个行业，热情和信心都是不可或缺的。热情让我们对工作充满激情，愿意为共同的目标奋斗；耐心又让我们细致的对待工作，力求做好每个细节，精益求精。激情与耐心互补促进，才能碰撞出最美丽的火花，工作才一能做到最好。

五、要主动出击

当你可以选择的时候，把主动权握在自己手中。我想很多人和我一样，刚进实习单位的时候，都做过类似复印打字的“杂活”。或许同事们认为你是小字辈，要从小事做起，但有些时候，是因为他们心中没底，不知道你能做什么。做“ 杂活”是工作的必需，却无法让我学到什么。我决定改变自己的命运。有些东西不能选择，有些东西却可以选择。份内的工作当然要认真完成，但勇敢的“主动请缨”却能为你赢得更多的机会。只要勤问、勤学、勤做，就会有意想不到的收获。

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Tangshan city is located in the center of bohai sea area, the south shore of bohai sea, north depends on yanshan, the transportation is convenient, can be in and out of the sex is very strong. Back mountain geographical landscape, linhai are diverse and complex landform types and characteristic of the local history and culture, has created many distinctive tourism resources. Taste unique natural landscape, cultural landscape culture deeply. Tangshan northern mountainous area of Ming Great Wall, 221 kilometers, east to shanhaiguan, old faucet, west to badaling and mutianyu, there are 29, jailed narrow watchtowers, 603, 82 beacon tower.

Underwater Great Wall the Great Wall, marble, 72 stamps, prison floor, watergate and the Great Wall brick kilns, raising horses, station troops are only along the Great Wall, on behalf of the Ming Great Wall is the essence of the history and culture. Along the Great Wall has clear dongling, JingZhongShan, JiuFengShan, essence, panjiakou, DaHeiTing, castle peak, lingshan, the Aries valley and a series of scenic spots. Qing dongling, built Yu Kangxi two years, is at present, the scale, the existing system of complete DiWangLing tombs, one of the listed as a world heritage site in November 20xx. Land buried five emperors, 15 queen, 137 concubines, 4 princess. Clear dongling, grand, magnificent, elegant and big buildings in Chinas largest stone memorial arch, the longest god road. Located in the territory of qianxi map JingZhongShan, with its extensive and profound, has a long history of Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, Buddhism humanities and natural landscape, has been the qing emperor kangxi imperial topic "lingshan thorn", "the world famous mountains".

Tangshan has mountains, sea, forest, a variety of unique natural landscape, there are national level cultural relics protection units 2, 40 provincial key cultural relics protection units. Tangshan has 196.5 kilometers long coastline, beautiful coastal scenery, especially the bodhi island, on tuo island, playing net post three offshore islands, is in the process of development and construction of natural ecology sightseeing and leisure as the main content of the new tourist area, become a bit more beautiful characteristics in north China tourism.

英文的导游词范文

英文导游词范文——陕西西安大清真寺英文导游词

the great mosque at huajue lane

the mosque is a major spot for religious activities of over 60.000 moslems in xi’an, likewise, an important cultural relic protected by the provincial people’s government. unlike the arabic mosques, with splendid domes, the minarets reaching into the clouds, the coulourful engraved sketches with dazzling patterns, the mosque here in xi’an possesses much chinese traditional touch in both its design and artistic outlook; besides the style peculiar to islamic mosques, this mosque also holds characteristics of chinese pavilions with painted beams and engraved ridgepoles.

however, any further discussion about the mosque will be futile unless anything of the introduction of islam into china is brought up.

islam as a religious order was founded in the early period of the 7th century a.d. and was introduced to china in the mid-600s. at that time, arabian merchants and travelers came to the northwest of china by way of persia and afghanistan and thus established diplomatic, trade, and military contacts with china. in the meantime, another route saw a batch of sea voyagers through bangladesh bay and the malacca strait to china’s guangzhou, quanzhou, huangzhou, yangzhou and other cities where many of them settled down and married the local women who later gave birth to babies who then became moslems.

however, massive immigration of the moslems to china did not take place until as late as the early period of the 13th century, when genghis khan, as a result of his expedition against the west, had conquered vast expanses of land stretching from central asia to eastern europe, including the north of iran. many of the moslems in the conquered areas were thus forced to enlist and later settled in china.

among the enlisted many were soldiers, and some were smiths and officials who were called the hui people in the history books on the yuan dynasty. the hui people later followed kublai khan down to the south, helping him unifying china and then establish the yuan dynasty. in the wake of the conquest, islam spread all over china and mosques began to appear everywhere. in the yuan dynasty, many moslems held positions both in the military and civilian organs of the country. and a lot of the moslems took part in zhu yuanzhang’s uprising in the early 14th century and made great contributions to the founding of the ming dynasty. therefore, all the emperors of the dynasty issued mandates to protect islam, and to set up mosques in praise of the moslems for their feats. in the early 16th century, islam predominated qinghai on the minority nationalities including the huis, the uygurs, the kazaks, the kirgizes, the tajiks, the tartars, the ozbeks, the dong xiangs, the salars and the bonans. the moslems in xi’an are mainly the huis, being a small portion out of the ten million in china.

the mosque at hua jue lane is the largest in xi’an, and at the same time, it is also one of the earliest built on a comparatively large scale, and well preserved mosques in china.

according to “the stele on the building of the mosque”, the mosque is said to be built in the tang dynasty. however, the architectural style of the mosque suggests a possible building dating back to the ming dynasty. the four courtyards of the mosque cover an area of more than 12,000 square meters, out of which about 4,000 are occupied by various structures. the still intact wooden front memorial gateway of the front yard, built at the turn of the 17th century, with glazed tiles on the top, spectacular corners and upturned eaves, is about 9 metres high, and has a history of about 360 years. the stone memorial gateway in the center of the second courtyard is flanked with a tail stele on either side with dragons carved on each, recording the repair work ever since the building of the mosque. on the back of one of the steles are engraved characters by the master calligrapher mi fu, “may buddhism fill the universe”, on the other, “royal -bestowed”by dong qichang, another master of the same art of the ming dynasty. they are treasures in chinese calligraphy. at the entrance of the third courtyard is an imperial built hall, where a “month tablet”, showing the calculation of the hui calendars in arabic, is stored. it was compiled by a man in charge of the mosque called xiao mining in the early period of the qing dynasty. a three –storeyed octagonal wooden structure called “retrospection tower”also stands in the center of the courtyard, which has the same function as the minaret in islamic temples in arabic countries, and which is a place from where orders were sent to call the moslems to come to worship. respectively, on the south and north wings of the tower, are a reception chamber and a scripture chamber, both elegantly laid out. the five wooden houses, which are called “water houses”in the southwest section of the mosque are the place where the believers bathe themselves before they attend their services. and in side the fourth courtyard there is a structure called “the pavilion of phoenix”, a place where the worshipers used to wait for the services. the pavilion, in fact, is a compound structure of three small buildings. the six-gabled structure of the central part, adjoining the two three-gabled buildings on each side looks very much like a flying phoenix, and hence its name. just at the back of the pavilion, there is a fishpond, beyond which is a platform occupying an area as large as 700 m2. across both ends of the platform stands the 1,300 square metered service hall, holding over a thousand worshipers at once. there are over six hundred sunk panels well as the sunk panels, are decorated with patterns of painted trailing plants and arabic letterings. the imam leads his group of worshipers, while facing in the direction of mecca, to chant in koran and to pay their religious homage.

the moslems in china share very much the same customs with their brothers and sisters elsewhere in the world. they worship five times a day: at dawn, at noon, in the afternoon, at dusk, and at night. female worshipers attend their services in a separated place from their brothers, usually at home. moslems pay special attention to their health and see that they always wear clean clothes. they are teetotalers not only of wine, but also of pork and animal blood for in koran pigs have been mentioned four times as being “unclean”. according to koran, a man can have four wives and women should wear veils when they go out. however, except a few places in xinjiang, the chinese practise monogamy and women are veiless when they go out. upon his death, a moslem has to be “thoroughly cleaned”(thoroughly bathed), has to be put on “ke fan”(to be shrouded with a piece of white cloth) and has to be buried coffinless in the ground, with an imam reciting scriptures at the funeral.

the chinese constitution promulgates that freedom of religion of each citizen and freedom of preserving or reforming local customs for every nationality are permitted. and of course, the moslems in china enjoy equal rights with peoples of other nationalities and their religious beliefs and customs are respected everywhere in the country.

英文导游词范文——陕西西安秦始皇兵马俑英文导游词

emperor qin shihuang’s mausoleum and the terra-cotta warriors and horses museum

emperor qin shihuang (259-210b.c.) had ying as his surname and zheng as his given name. he name to the throne of the qin at age 13, and took the helm of the state at age of 22. by 221 b.c., he had annexed the six rival principalities of qi, chu, yan, han, zhao and wei, and established the first feudal empire in china’s history.

in the year 221 b.c., when he unified the whole country, ying zheng styled himself emperor. he named himself shihuang di, the first emperor in the hope that his later generations be the second, the third even the one hundredth and thousandth emperors in proper order to carry on the hereditary system. since then, the supreme feudal rulers of china’s dynasties had continued to call themselves huang di, the emperor.

after he had annexed the other six states, emperor qin shihuang abolished the enfeoffment system and adopted the prefecture and county system. he standardized legal codes, written language, track, currencies, weights and measures. to protect against harassment by the hun aristocrats. emperor qin shihuang ordered the great wall be built. all these measures played an active role in eliminating the cause of the state of separation and division and strengthening the unification of the whole country as well as promotion the development of economy and culture. they had a great and deep influence upon china’s 2,000 year old feudal society.

emperor qin shihuang ordered the books of various schools burned except those of the qin dynasty’s history and culture, divination and medicines in an attempt to push his feudal autocracy in the ideological field. as a result, china’s ancient classics had been devastated and destroy. moreover, he once ordered 460 scholars be buried alive. those events were later called in history“the burning of books and the burying of confucian scholars.”

emperor qin shihuang，for his own pleasure, conscribed several hundred thousand convicts and went in for large-scale construction and had over seven hundred palaces built in the guanzhong plain. these palaces stretched several hundred li and he sought pleasure from one palace to the other. often nobody knew where he ranging treasures inside the tomb, were enclosed alive.

emperor qin shihuang’s mausoleum has not yet been excavated. what looks like inside could noly be known when it is opened. however, the three pits of the terra-cotta warriot excavated outside the east gate of the outer enclosure of the necropolis can make one imagine how magnificent and luxurious the structure of emperor qin shihuang’s mausoleum was.

no.1 pit was stumbled upon in march 1974 when villagers of xiyang village of yanzhai township, lintong county, sank a well 1.5km east of the mausoleum. in 1976, no.2 and 3 pits were found 20m north of no.1 pit respectively after the drilling survey. the terra-cotta warriors and horses are arrayed according to the qin dynasty battle formation, symbolizing the troops keeping vigil beside the mausoleum. this discovery aroused much interest both at home and abroad. in 1975, a museum, housing the site of no.1 and covering an area of 16,300 square meters was built with the permission of the state council. the museum was formally opened to public on oct.1, the national day, 1979.

no.1 pit is 230 meters long from east to west, 62m wide from north to south and 5m deep , covering a total area of 14,260 square meters. it is an earth-and-wood structure in the shape of a tunnel. there are five sloping entrances on the eastern and western sides of the pit respectively. the pit is divided into eleven corridors by ten earthen partition walls, and the floors are paved with bricks. thick rafters were placed onto the walls (but now one can only see their remains), which were covered with mats and then fine soil and earth. the battle formation of the qin dynasty, facing east. in the east end are arrayed three lines of terra-cotta warriors, 70 pieces in each, totaling 210 pieces. they are supposed to be the van of the formation. immediately behind them are 38 columns of infantrymen alternating with war chariots in the corridors, each being 180m long. they are probably the main body of the formation. there is one line of warriors in the left, right and west ends respectively, facing outwards. they are probably the flanks and the rear. there are altogether 27 trial trench, it is assumed that more than 6,000 clay warriors and horses could be unearthed from no.1 pit.

no.2 pit sis about half the size of no.1 pit, covering about 6,000 square meters trail diggings show this is a composite formation of infantry, cavalry and chariot soldiers, from which roughly over 1,000 clay warriors, and 500 chariots and saddled horses could be unearthed. the 2,000-year-old wooden chariots are already rotten. but their shafts, cross yokes, and wheels, etc. left clear impressions on the earth bed. the copper parts of the chariots still remain. each chariot is pulled by four horses which are one and half meters high and two metres long. according to textual research, these clay horses were sculptures after the breed in the area of hexi corridor. the horses for the cavalrymen were already saddled, but with no stirups.

no.3 pit covers an area of 520m2 with only four horses, one chariot and 68 warriors, supposed to be the command post of the battle formation. now, no.2 and 3 pits have been refilled, but visitors can see some clay figures and weapons displayed in the exhibition halls in the museum that had been unearthed from these two pits. the floors of both no.1 and 2 pits were covered with a layer of silt of 15 to 20cm thick. in these pits, one can see traces of burnt beams everywhere, some relics which were mostly broken. analysis shows that the pits were burned down by xiang yu, leader of a peasant army. all of the clay warriors in the three pits held real weapons in their hands and face east, showing emperor qin shihuang’s strong determination of wiping out the six states and unifying the whole country.

the height of the terra-cotta warriors varies from 1.78m, the shortest, to 1.97m, the tallest. they look healthy and strong and have different facial expressions. probably they were sculpted by craftsmen according to real soldiers of the qin dynasy. they organically combined the skills of round engraving, bas-relief and linear engraving, and utilized the six traditional folk crafts of sculpturing, such as hand-moulding, sticking, cutting, painting and so on. the clay models were then put in kilns, baked and colour-painted. as the terra-cotta figures have beeb burnt and have gone through the natural process of decay, we can’t see their original gorgeous colours. however, most of the terra-cotta figures bear the trace of the original colours, and few of them are still as bright as new. they are found to be painted by mineral dyestuffs of vermilion, bright red, pink dark green, powder green, purple, blue, orange, black and white colours.

thousands of real weapons were unearthed from these terra-cotta army pits, including broad knives, swords, spears, dagger-axes, halberds, bows, crossbows and arrowheads. these weapons were exquisitely made. some of theme are still very sharp, analyses show that they are made of alloys of copper and tin, containing more than ten kinds of other metals. since their surfaces were treated with chromium, they are as bright as new, though buried underground for more than 2,000 years. this indicates that qin dynasty’s metallurgical technology and weapon-manufacturing technique already reached quite a high level.

in december 1980, two teams of large painted bronze chariots and horses were unearthed 20 metres west of the mound of emperor qin shihuang’s mausoleum. these single shaft four-horse chariots each comprises 3,462 spare parts, and has a body with two compartments, one behind the other, and an elliptical umbrella like canopy. the four horses harnessed to the chariot are 65-67 centimeters tall. the restored bronze chariots and horses are exact imitations of true chariot, horse and driver in half life-size.

the chariots and horses are decorated with coloured drawings against white background. they have been fitted with more than 1,500 piecese of gold and silvers and decorations, looking luxurious, splendid and graceful. probably they were meant for the use of emperor qin shihuang’s soul to go on inspection. the bronze chariots and horses were made by lost wax casting, which shows a high level of technology. for instance, the tortoise-shell-like canopy is about 4mm thick, and the window is only 1mm thick on which are many small holes for ventilation. according to a preliminary study, the technology of manufacturing the bronze chariots and horses has involved casting, welding, reveting, inlaying embedding and chiseling. the excavation of the bronze chariots and horses provides extremely valuable material and data for the textual research of the metallurgical technique, the mechanism of the chariot and technological modeling of the qin dynasty.

no.2 bronze chariot and horses now on display were found broken into 1,555 pieces when excavated. after two-and-half years’ careful and painstaking restoration by archaeologists and various specialists, they were formally exhibited in the museum on october 1, 1983. no.1 bronze chariot hand horses are on display from 1988.

Hello, everyone. Welcome to the Yellow Crane Tower, the most characteristictower in Wuhan. Im the tour guide this time. Have a good time.

The Yellow Crane Tower was built in 223 A.D. in the second year of WuHuangwu. It has a history of more than 1700 years. It has been built anddestroyed many times. The present yellow crane tower is based on the YellowCrane Tower of Qing Dynasty. It was rebuilt in 1981 and completed in 1985. It isexactly 100 years since the last Yellow Crane Tower was destroyed in the QingDynasty.

Now you can see that the tall and majestic building in front of you is theYellow Crane Tower. It can be called the worlds peerless scenery, and it isfamous both in ancient and modern times and at home and abroad. It is as famousas Tengwang Pavilion in Jiangxi Province and Yueyang Pavilion in Hunan Province,and is also known as "three pavilions in the south of the Yangtze River". Therewas an interesting story about the magnificence of the Yellow Crane Tower. Itwas said that the guests from Hubei and Sichuan met on the river and praisedtheir hometown. The guests from Sichuan said, "there is an Emei Mountain inSichuan, only three feet away from the sky." Hubei guests smile: "Hubei yellowcrane tower, half inserted in the cloud." The guests in Sichuan were speechless.Of course, this story is a bit exaggerated, but the Yellow Crane Tower is reallya magnificent landscape, a moving legend and a look inside the crane tower.

After all that, lets go inside and have a look. Entering the hall, themost attractive one is the picture of white clouds and yellow cranes. It isbased on the ancient myth of riding a crane to become an immortal. It also takesthe meaning of the Tang poem "once upon a time, people had gone by the YellowCrane". Please look at the immortal in the picture. He plays a jade flute andlooks down on the world. It seems that he is reluctant to give up. The crowdbelow the Yellow Crane Tower chants wine and poems, or sings and dances, whichmeans that they wish the immortal an early return. In the picture, there aremany plum blossoms under the Yellow Crane Tower. The plum blossom is the flowerof Wuhan city. The author takes this opportunity to study the geographicallocation of the Yellow Crane Tower.

Thats all for todays browsing. You are welcome to come again nexttime.

Everybody is good! I am a youth hostel Robert zou, you can call me small fang, but not the small fang in the village. Welcome to the world heritage of "lijiang ancient city".

Dear visitors, we have been in the beautiful ancient city, in front of the ancient city, you will see two large wind turbines turn happily in the water, the water inside will be measured, so please be careful. The windmill represents the symbol of the ancient city of. Here, let me introduce the lijiang ancient city, lijiang ancient city, 2400 meters above sea level, is the center of the lijiang naxi autonomous county, city, city formed in the late southern song dynasty, has a history of eight hundred years, the area of 3. 8 square kilometers, has about 30000 inhabitants, was listed as a world heritage site in 1997.

Is the center of the city square street, the ground is paved with multicolored, step will be clicked, no two sifang street inn central design is the same, you can also visit. Said so much, I still take you to a creek, everyone to see! This stream is put river lanterns. Put river lamp is a kind of old custom, it is said that every night dragon king to tour city, put a river light! However, please do not litter.

The tourists, lijiang ancient city is filled with the beauty of the people linger, said also said not, I hope you come again next time.

Bozhou City in North China border, the southern tip of the HuanghuaiPlains. Jin Jianghuai South, the North hope the Yellow River, is the state-levelhistorical and cultural city, Chinas outstanding tourist city and opening upcity.

Bozhou City area of 8522.58 square kilometers, exempted Guoyang, Mengcheng,Lixin County, and three Qiaocheng Qu, the citys total population of 5.34 millionpeople.

. May 20__, the State Council approved a level Bozhou City, exemptedGuoyang, Mengcheng, Lixin County, and three Qiaocheng Qu, land area of 8522.58square kilometers, accounting for the provinces total area of 6.08 percent;farmland 60. 190,000 hectares. The citys population of 5.3002 million, of which82,000 ethnic minority people. Bozhou across longitude 115 ° 53 ~ 116 ° 49,latitude 32 ° 51 ~ 35 ° 05, about 150 km and a width of 90 km. Habitatjurisdiction and the Yellow River burst connected to a fan-shaped, lying flat,with only the eastern part of Yongsan, Shi Gong Shan, Qi Shan, Langshan,double-lock for more than 10 such as the limestone residue Qiu distributionthroughout the Northwest Bozhou topography, natural ground to l/9000Micro-dumping gradient to the southeast. Because of the river winding past theYellow River and cutting changes in the South Pan-impact form of plain Kong,Singapore, dish-and low-lying land distribution, the topography of ups anddowns, a "Ohira small injustice," the geomorphological features. Temperateclimate in the citys southern edge, a semi-Wenrun temperate climate, there areobviously transitional characteristics, the average temperature 14.7 ℃,

the average duration of bright sunshine 2320 hours, an average of 216 daysfrost-free period, an average of 822 mm of precipitation. Area rivers are theHuaihe River water system. Wohe rivers are the main trunk stream, Fei River WestRiver, Huai River Mainz, beifei he, QIAN He, and so on.

Bozhou City, a major mineral resources of coal, quartz stone, limestone,dolomite, clay and animal resources are foxes, badgers, Huang You, woodpeckers,owls, Lusi, Li Huang, a snake, scorpion, frog, carp, crucian carp, mandarinfish,eel, eels , Shrimp, aquatic plants are lotus root, turbot, wild rice stem,Gorgon Fruit, Reed, Po, a Chinese herbal medicines peony, chrysanthemum, Sangpi,pollen, bellflower, such as more than 400 species of honeysuckle. Specialtiesare Furui Gong wine, TGP, paulownia, Mansudae Yaozhen, paper-cut. Cheng Tangtomb relics have, Hua Um, spent Xilou, the ancient underpass, ethics in thePalace, Sang Lin, Cao Cao Temple, Cao Pi Temple, spent the Chinese Taiwan chapter.

Bozhou has a long history and a long history and ancient culture of theChinese nation is the birthplace of one. On the old days, "Bo" and an ancientYuzhou, Cheng Tang诸侯for when living in this. "Millimetres" Writing was "thin.""History Geography" Note: "millimetres with the thin." "Historical Records" set:"Since the lease to move eight Cheng Tang, Tang before the Habitat millimetres."Has on several occasions to move the capital by the people will have the soupand collectively referred to as "Bo", including South millimetres (now the southof Shangqiu in Henan Province, north of Bozhou in Anhui), North millimetres(Shandong Caoxian this area), West millimetres (this area in Henan Yanshi ). Nowthe Bozhou, it millimetres of South Metro. Zhou Dynasty, said here "coke." Qinunified China, the county system, Qiao home in this county, under the DangshanCounty. Qinmo Sheng Chen, WU Guang-Ze in the rural uprising, because from timeto the north of the Pengcheng, to occupy Qiao County. Western Han Dynasty, YuQiao County under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Zhouci Shi Peijun. EasternHan Dynasty, Peijun to Peiguo. Jianan the end, out of a home Peiguo Qiao County,Cao Cao Qiao County to the vicinity of the base, the military and economicexpansion on its own strength. Qiao Cao Cao in the county, such asimplementation of Cultivation, vigorously carry out "Juntun," "Man Tuen," Qiaocounty region to promote the development of agricultural production and thegrowth of economic strength.

Wong Wei Wendi early 20__ (22 l), Qiao was called "Capital", and Xuchang,Changan, Luoyang, and ye are called 5. Zhengshi four years the Northern WeiDynasty (507) Purchase South Yanzhou. The first year of an elephant NorthernZhou (579),

Yanzhou is located in the South because of ancient Near South millimetrestemporary, the "ancient South millimetres away from the name of the state to"change the South for the Bozhou Yanzhou, the name of Bozhou only see this.

Sui and Tang Dynasties period, changed its name several times, or Bozhou,or Qiao County. Early Ming, Bozhou, down to the county, under the Yingzhou City.Hongzhi nine years (1496), millimetres County also upgraded the state. The earlyQing Dynasty, under the Bozhou Gangnam province Fengyang House. Kangxi 20__(1667), designated as Gangnam province of Jiangsu, Anhui, the two Buzheng ShiDivision. In the first year (1912) Bozhou to millimetres County. In 37 (1948) inAugust the establishment of Bozhou City, in February 1949 city and county mergedto restore millimetres County formed, Li Fuyang Civil Administration. March 1986dismantling millimetres County built Bozhou City, and its affiliation with thesame area. February 1998 directly to the provincial jurisdiction. May 20__-levelto the establishment of Bozhou City.

Bozhou-wide cross-east longitude 115 ° 53 ~ 116 ° 49, latitude 32 ° 51 ~ 35° 05, a long, Dongnanxibei syncline, about 150 km and a width of 90 km. Habitatjurisdiction and the Yellow River to burst fan attached to a plain, is flat,with only the eastern part of Yongsan, Shi Gong Shan, Qi Shan, Langshan,double-lock for more than 10 such as the limestone residue Qiu distributionthroughout the Bozhou terrain northwest and southeast high-low To 1 / 9000 ofnatural gradient to the ground southeast of micro-dumping.

Northwest Qiaocheng Qu Zhan floor topography highest, 42.5 meters above sealevel; Lixin County, southeast of outreach to the minimum southern ditch, 22meters above sea level, the relative gap between 20.5 meters. Because of theriver winding past the Yellow River and cutting changes in the South Pan-impactform of plain Kong, Singapore, dish-and low-lying land distribution, a "Ohirasmall injustice," the geomorphological features. Jiang soil is mainly blacksand, followed by the influx of soil, brown earth soil type, soil and a smallamount of lime in the vortex, kept the hills surrounding countiesdistribution.

Temperate climate in the citys southern edge, a semi-Wenrun temperateclimate, marked the transitional characteristics, mainly for the monsoonObviously, a mild climate, sufficient light, moderate rainfall, a longfrost-free period, four distinct seasons, spring temperature changes, Yu Xiaconcentrated, Qiugaoqishuang, long and dry winter. Because of the climate oftransition, resulting in frequent confrontation and well-being of air masses,the weather changes, annual precipitation, the citys historical averagetemperature 14.7 ℃, the average duration of bright sunshine 2320 hours, anaverage of 216 days frost-free period, the average annual rainfall of 822mm.

Bozhou City common disastrous weather is dry, floods, high winds, hail,Ganre Feng, low temperature, frost, and so on. Drought, waterlogging is the mostimportant natural disasters. ?

Area rivers are theHuaihe River water system. Wohe rivers are the maintrunk stream, Fei River West River, Huai River Mainz, beifei he, QIAN He, and soon. Qiao Chengqu Wohe since the Immigration wandering the town, flows throughthe southeast Guoyang County Mengcheng County, moved to the village to collectexit Huaiyuan County, 173 km in length, the basin area of 4,039 squarekilometers; Fei River West River since the Qiaocheng Qu Fei River town entry,Guoyang County, flows through the southeast, to show Gou Zhen from Lixin countyin Fengtai, Yingshang County community, in the 123.4 km long, the valley area of1,871 square kilometers; Mainz Huai River from Lixin County Li Jizhen entry tothe east The Lixin County south to exit floor, Zou Mengcheng County in HuaiyuanCounty, 66 km in length, the drainage area 14 01 square kilometers.

2016年导游工作计划精选

工作举措

1、加大旅游基础设施建设。加大对乡村旅游及农宿文化点基础设施建设力度。在实施农村基础设施、生态建设、乡村改造、环境综合整治等项目时，尽量向乡村旅游及农宿文化点倾斜。想方设法，争取项目，争取资金，加大基础设施建设，提升旅游承载功能，让游客玩得开心、住得舒心，吃得放心。

2、加强旅游参观学习力度。结合旅游农宿文化建设，加强旅游从业人员学习培训，举办旅游从员人员培训班，并组织相关人员外出参观学习，借鉴先进经验，逐渐提升我乡旅游业发展的整体水平。

3、加大旅游宣传推介力度。利用各种媒体，加大对旅游项目的宣传、推介、包装力度，扩大影响力，增强吸引力。大力营造适合农宿文化乡村旅游发展的社会环境，培育品牌、树立典型、加大宣传、引导带动乡村旅游的发展,促进农民增收。

英文补充协议变更的起草

一般来说对于合同的小修改，没有必要重新签订合同，重新签订都是费时费力，也没有必要，所以都用补充协议对原合同进行修改。如果对合同改变重大的话，比如对方想换个姊妹公司来签合同，或者合同条款有多处重大变更，可以说从根本上改变了合同的内容，都可以重新签订合同的。重新签订合同有两种方式。一种是交出所有原合同的原件，然后废除，撕毁都可以，然后再签订新合同；如果对合同原件到底有多少份不清楚的话，保险起见可以先起草一个对原合同的终止协议，然后再签新合同。当然如果为了做到天衣无缝，两个合同之间权责无缝转移的话，我自己使用过这种模式，不用撕毁原合同或者起草终止协议，先在新合同中写终止原合同，一般写新合同生效后原合同立即终止，在新合同未生效前原合同保持有效。然后在新合同上盖上三种章，第一种是原合同的对方的章，第二种是新合同的对方的章，第三种是我方的章，这样操作有个缺点是财务看见合同上有三个章，如果她们不看合同内容的话，有时候容易混淆合同内容。

言归正传，给大家分享一个我起草的比较简单的补充协议。

忘了给大家说了，之前跟一位做国际工程的朋友讨论补充协议和变更怎么翻译，我倾向于合同变更翻译为amendment, 补充协议翻译为addendum.不知道大家什麽意见？不过我自己一般都是不加区分的用amendment的。

EXPLOSIVES SALE AGREEMENT

Amendment to the Contract Agreement

Between

The COMPANY

and

MULTI BIZ FZE

WHEREAS: The Explosives Sale Agreement with Contract No: for the construction of XYZ Motorway Road Project has been signed on 11 March 20xx between Company(hereinafter called "the Buyer") and the MULTI BIZ FZE(hereinafter called "the Seller").

评注:先说我们什么什么时候签订了一个合同。

WHEREAS: The Buyer and the Seller have a meeting about the L/C and the Contract Agreement in the afternoon of 25 March 20xx, the Seller suggested that the volume of the goods is excessive and deliver them in one time would be hard; the Seller further suggested that the transshipment would not affect the goods quality since the goods are loaded with containers in the whole shipping period, it is very normal for cargoes to be transshipped in international shipment.

评注：再说这个合同要修改，为什么原因修改，也可以把谈判的过程加上。

IT IS HEREBY AGREED as follows:

评注：双方都同意如下。

In order to ensure the smooth execution of the said Contract Agreement, it is agreed that the goods should be allow to transshipped and partial shipped; accordingly, delete the word "not" from second line, first paragraph of Clause 14 shipment of the Contract agreement (Contract No. CCCAAA-MBIZ-01-20xx).

The Seller further agreed that the goods would all be delivered within two shipments.

评注：上面就是要修改的内容了。

For any discrepancy between this amendment and any of the Contract Agreement, both parties agreed that this amendment to the Contract Agreement shall prevail.

评注：如果这个补充协议和之前签订的合同有冲突，那么以这个补充协议为准，一般可以不写这一句，因为法律上规定一般是后面的文件有效，不过为了避免争议，也为了保险起见，我个人喜欢加上这一句。

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed the day and year first before written.

On behalf of the Seller

Position___________________________

Name____________________________

Signature__________________________

Date____________________________

Tel____________________________

On behalf of the Buyer

Position___________________________

Name____________________________

Signature__________________________

Date____________________________

Tel____________________________

Witnesses

Name____________________________

Signature____________________________

Everybody is good! Welcome to the mogao grottoes of dunhuang. Ill give you a introduce myself: my name is Wang Yi, to you is my pleasure, Im here to give you reminder, the treasure here do not touch, otherwise the consequence is proud. We now know each other, we will get to the point, talk about the mogao grottoes of dunhuang!

Is the ancient silk road town of dunhuang. Dunhuang mogao grottoes treasured art treasures is the treasure of the Chinese and foreign exchange. People called the mogao grottoes in gansu a pearl. Dunhuang mural image lifelike, especially: "flying" pattern, you see, this is what I call the "flying". Also by the tang dynasty people hailed as "day float in the sky, full wall pneumatic", become the symbol of dunhuang murals. Dunhuang mogao grottoes is within the territory of mogao grottoes of dunhuang city, gansu province is the floorboard of the west thousand-buddha grottoes, is one of Chinas famous four big grottoes, also is the worlds most ambitious scale of existing, the best-preserved buddhist art treasure house. Mogao grottoes mainly reflects in the aspect of mural, here is the mural to the mogao grottoes is famous for. Now everybodys understanding about it? Im going to continue to speak!

Everybody look at here! To go to the learning attitude. Foreign tourists to the evaluation of the mogao grottoes, is: "see the mogao grottoes in dunhuang, is equivalent to see the ancient civilizations in the world." "The mogao grottoes is the worlds longest, largest and most abundant content gallery." "It is existing the greatest treasure of buddhist art in the world." "Human life must go to a place, mural painting and the art of figure of Buddha is really impressive."

Was that: although the mogao grottoes in the long years by nature and man-made destruction, has retained from the sixteen, makes, northern wei, wei, their, sui, tang, five dynasties, song and xixia and yuan 493 to ten dynasties such as hole, murals of more than forty-five thousand square meters, like two thousand, is the worlds existing the greatest treasure of buddhist art. If the mural arrangement, can extend more than 30 kilometers, is the worlds longest, largest and most abundant content in a gallery. Have to make everyone happy happy now, cant old immersed in pity, in recent decades, scholars at home and abroad interested in dunhuang art extremely, ongoing research, has formed a specialized subject "dunhuang studies". The mogao grottoes is the combination of ancient buildings, sculptures and murals art palace, especially well known for its rich and colorful murals. Hope I can success!

Finally is going to tell you is: mural art! Grottoes murals richly colorful, all kinds of buddhist stories, scenery of mountains and rivers, pavilions, painting, landscape painting, flower design, such as flying figure of Buddha and the working people for production of a variety of scenes, etc., is the sixteen to more than 1500 years in the qing dynasty folk art representation style and historical change, grand magnificent. Can also be found in the large mural art, ancient artists on the basis of nationalization, learned the countries such as Iran, India, Greece, the ancient art is long, is the symbol of advanced civilization of the Chinese nation. Dynasty murals show the different painting style, reflects the political, economic and cultural condition of feudal society in China, is a glorious chapter of the ancient Chinese art history, provide the image of the precious historical materials for the research on ancient Chinese history.

My explanation to this end, I wish you all a pleasant journey!

Dear friends hello, everyone, today I will take you to visit is Beijing north on the edge of the Confucian temple and guozijian, you can see here today, early to wish you happy! Beijing imperial academy is located in Beijing dongcheng district settle door guozijian street (formerly known as cheng Yin street), and the Confucius temple. The imperial overall building sits, distribution on the axis jixian door (door), business (second), coloured glaze memorial arch, construct harmony, yi lun hall, JingYiTing. Things on both sides of the four six hall hall, a traditional symmetric pattern, is the only ancient existing in our country, the central public university construction. Main building of Beijing temple of Confucius is covered with yellow glazed tiles, is the highest building in the feudal society regulation.

(illustrated)

You come with me now I see past the door; Also called lingxingmeng is Confucius temple gate, door width between three and seven deep purlin, single eaves jehiel the top of the hill, basically retained the architectural style of yuan dynasty, past the door on both sides of the connection in the outer wall of the temple, is a city gate. Enter the past the door, right against the face is dacheng door. Dacheng door was established in the yuan dynasty, rebuilt in the qing dynasty, the width between five and nine purlin, deep single eaves jehiel the top of the mountain. The entire building is located on the tall brick stylobate, embossed on the royal standing in the way of high sea dragon pattern, wulong play bead, lifelike. Dacheng in front of the corridor on both sides by 10 shek kwu, each raised from stone carving a poem in ancient safari. This is when the qing qianlong imitation Zhou Xuan Georgian stone relics upon everyone to think in this photograph.

Everybody tell me tight I now the first into the courtyard of the former arranges various matters, that is the emperor, the east of the slaughter pavilion, well pavilions, kitchen god, the dishes that look, that is used to slaughter, cleaning and cooking. On both sides of the library, lent by god for offering Kong Liqi store and prepare offerings.

The second into the courtyard is the center of the Confucius temple courtyard, every time, for the Confucius memorial ceremony here then bell and drum everywhere, deriving euphoria, ceremonial majesty. Dacheng hall is the second into the main architecture of the courtyard, has also been the center of the whole Confucian temple architecture, is the most sacred temple in the Confucius temple. Dacheng hall built Yu Dade after six years, was destroyed in the war, Ming yongle nine years (in the reconstruction, the qing guangxu thirty-two years between the temple by expansion between 7 to 9. Inside the brics floor, in the top group longjing mouth smallpox, their level of regulation is the highest building, comparable to the palace hall of supreme harmony. Temple consecrate Confucius "dacheng them.the most holy king," whore, as both sides have obtain "four with twelve zhe" memorial tablet., ghost lead the case on a statue, jue, You, Bian, beans and other phenomena are the qing qianlong drive makes genuine. Inside and outside the hall hangs 9 to xuantong emperor of the qing emperor kangxi imperial tablets, all is the emperor book probes into four words of Confucius, is precious cultural relics.

The third into the yards most distinctive, Confucius temple is composed of the footprints door, temple worship and things peidian peidian independent complete compound, and the former binary compound segmentation significantly and natural transition, reflects the ancients, the clever conception on the ministry of construction bureau. This group of buildings called the footprints temple, is the home of the five generations of ancestors worship Confucius temple. Built in Ming jiajing nine years, rebuild two years qing qianlong, green glazed tile roof instead of the gray tiles and roof. Chung temple, also known as the five dynasties shrine, width between five and seven deep purlin, before the house has a wide platform, the platform built on three sides with step every tenth level. Temple consecrate Confucius memorial tablet of five generations of ancestors and obtain YanHui, hole Ji, who, mencius memorial tablet of the father of the four ancient Chinese philosophers. Things peidian peidian, located in masonry stylobate, width between three and five deep purlin, single eaves the hanging, in cheng, cheng hao finds brother, zhang zai, Cai Shen, zhou dunyi, zhu six Confucianism, the father of the first.

Watching operas.it comprises three courtyards and buildings with clear level difference and function division, harmony to form a whole set of royal sacrificial architecture community, is a prominent representative of Chinese ancient architecture.

Good rest, the next station is a famous institution of the imperial college, all with me tight now I went to jixian quo zi jians door, the door is the door yard has well pavilions, held on the east side of the door communicates with Confucius. A second - business door, into the quo zi jian is the imperial college of the second into the yard, there are coloured glaze memorial arch, harmony and yi lun hall.

Now you tell me I will stay, let me introduce for you construct harmony and yi lun hall, came slowly into the business with me now to the door, the front is imperial academy two door large coloured glaze memorial arch, it is the only specifically for education in Beijing and set up a memorial arch. Banners are on both sides of the emperor, is a symbol of respecting culture in ancient China from. , located in jixian door are the three four pillars between the hip roof top on the 7th floor type coloured glaze memorial arch, 48 years of qianlong (1783). Is face book "teach jersey won bridge", just as the "university in section view," painting, is the only do not belong to Beijing temple coloured glaze memorial arch

Now, let me explain to you the quo zi jian construct harmony, it is the center of the imperial academy building, built in the axis center of a square in the middle of a circular pool high stage, save spire is a square faced the house. All around to open the door, set 6 steps. Construct harmony around the promenade, all set up delicate Bridges across the pool to make the house and yard are interlinked, this kind of architectural form as a symbol of nature round place. Acceded to the throne after the emperor qianlong, whenever a new emperor, are here to do a lecture, in a show of the central governments emphasis on higher education.

Six hall is on the left, it is located in the monarch harmony of left and right sides of the 33 rooms, collectively known as six don, respectively is: HFM hall, hall, hall, the truth monastery hall, hall of justice, wide industry hall of fame, is gongsheng guo-zi-jian diploma of the classroom. Ask now I have a look at the right of the yi lun hall, it is located in the north of monarch harmony hall, the yuan dynasty, chongwen pavilion, the Ming dynasty yongle rebuilt and renamed yi lun hall, in the early years was the emperor to give lectures, after construction of monarch harmony, to the prison library. You followed me to go now, behind is JingYiTing, it is located in yi lun hall, is the third into the quo zi jian yard. Building the Ming jiajing seven years, and has a drink offering wing wing and the department of industry and seven drive makes word tablet, is a place for drink offering quo zi jian in the office. You see my fingers direction, in between the Confucian temple and guozijian passageway, there is a made up of 189 large stone forest of steles. Stone carving with Confucian classics: zhouyi, "history", the "book of songs", "rites" and "yili", "rites", "spring and autumn zuo zhuan, the biography of the spring and autumn period and the ram," the spring and autumn GuLiang biography ", the analects of Confucius, "xiao", "mencius", "er ya". This writing is the blueprint of yongzheng years jiangsu jintan gongsheng Jiang Heng lasted 12 years and calligraphy. Fifty-six years of qianlong (1791 AD) burring on the monkey made a. All writing a total of more than 630000 words, large scale, our method is good, the accuracy of the content and the seal of fine degrees are better than that of xi an "writing", and in terms of scale is the second largest after xi an forest of steles forest of steles. Legend emperor qianlong life ho-shen, wangjie as President, Peng Yuanrui, liu2 yong as vice-president to textual research. Peng Yuanrui rare books in the song thirteen classics HeDing Jiang Heng calligraphy by the draft, and the popular form of characters to the old style, make the text more complete specification, ancient meaning, qianlong praised, were given taizi Pacific title. This makes ho-shen envy is special, of rights in ones hand he ordered overnight to stone tablets to mend all the old style. Until after the collapse of the declaration and archaic handwriting to repair again, there are pieces of dig on BeiMian traces

Now I first drink offering is to introduce the quo zi jian yuan dynasty famous neo-confucianism Xu Heng, at that time, a student more than 200 people. Students studying here is called "guo-zi-jian diploma", roughly three sources: a scholar in the selection of the right direction guo-zi-jian diploma from all parts of the country, to the further study; Second, foreign students, mostly from Korea and their logic, dispatched, Russia, etc.; 3 it is to "donate", front guo-zi-jian diploma, as long as the money to pay the full, can receive "prison", a guo-zi-jian diploma.

Ok everyone around now, photograph, taken everybody, whats the end of our journey, youll actually Confucius temple and the imperial college have too many things in hope you once again for coming here in a wide-variety of culture, thank you, goodbye everyone!

今年以来，采购部与财务部分离后，在酒店领导正确领导下，在各部(室)的指导、帮助下，克服了人员少，工作量大等困难，较好地完成了各项采购任务，为酒店经营、管理提供了一个有力的后勤保障。部门坚持以“货比三家，照顾生意不照顾价格”为原则，以一线部门的需求为重点，紧紧围绕酒店日常经营与管理，认真履行采购经理的工作职责，较好的完成了部门及职责赋予的各项工作任务，以下是今年的工作总结：

一、货比三家，确保采购物品物美价廉

为最大限度的降低酒店经营成本，实现物美价廉，部门在日常工作中坚持对餐饮部所需原材料进行每周一次的市场调查及定价，对出现价格波动较大的原材料进行了及时的调整，同时部门对所有入库物资严格按酒店标准进行验收并做好质量记录，对不合格产品做到了及时的退货、更换，有效降低了酒店经营成本;

其次是餐饮部的沙发选样、及整个酒店固定资产的采购上，部门坚持横向调查，照顾生意不照顾价格的原则，确保了所购物品物美价廉;同时坚持实施货比三家，特别是在餐饮原材料的供给上实施两家供货，相互竞争的措施，确保了采购物资质量的稳定。

二、采购及时，确保经营管理正常有序

采购部作为酒店后勤保障的重要组成部门之一，我们坚持在日常工作中以“搞好采购工作，保障经营需要”为工作原则，树立经营部门第一，酒店声誉形象为上，物美价廉为主的工作意识，并努力完成酒店下达的各项工作任务。

三、想方设法，降低酒店运营成本

配合餐饮、客房部，完成了部分供货商合同到期后的续签，并模仿餐饮部干货供货方式，对餐饮部小菜供货也施行了两家竞争的方式，进一步降低了部门成本，提高了供货质量;对客房一次性进行一了次调价工作;为进一步提高精品屋的经营能力，部门同客房一起寻找供货品种。

四、积极努力，拓宽原料供给新渠道

为开辟和引进异地特色原材料，为一线部门提供很好的经营保障，部门根据酒店总体工作安排，先后进行了中高档原材料市场的考察，并引进了一批特色优质原材料，为餐饮菜肴的常换常新提供了有力的保障，并得到了广大消费者的一致好评。

五、存在的不足

今年，采购部在酒店领导和部门领导的指导下，虽已完成了酒店和部门下达的各项采购任务，但仍存在诸多不足，距酒店、部门领导及一线部门的要求还有一定的差距，有待于本人进一步的改进，在如何开辟和引进特色原材料的渠道和点子不够多，未能为一线部门提供较多、有用的信息和原材料;自身的学习意识不浓，综合素质有待于进一步提高;在日常采购工作中，缺乏较强的计划性，没有全面系统的安排好采购计划，从而有时导致采购较为零乱，丢三落四;二线为一线服务的意识还有待于进一步提高;

六、明年努力方向

明年将今年工作中存在的问题整改为重点，加强学习，牢固树立后台围绕前台转、二线围绕一线转的思想，主动沟通，勤于调查，严格把关，努力做好物品采购保障和质量的督导工作，确保酒店经营管理正常有序的开展。

他的步调永久是那么精确而飞快，转眼xx年已经飞逝，我们迎来了极新的xx年。我所从事导游工作，又经历了一个年初，我喜好这个工作，不论苦辣酸甜，我老是一个“乐”字“。在工作中我带领来自四周八方的旅客朋侪穿梭与神州大地，给他们讲述将领与每人的故事，江南小镇，下汤文化的传奇故事，如今我把这几年工作乐趣给归拢一下，从中总结经验，汲取教训以备来年奋马扬鞭，更好的带领我的旅客畅游在黄河上下，大江南北。

经过议定三的工作实践，我深深的会到，获得了导游证，其实不代表你便是一个合格的导游员，而是要连续的进修、富裕、进步。是以三年来我一贯严厉要求本身，酷好导游工作，当真进修导游知识，在进修中坚定勤动眼，大量的涉猎有关景区、景点的资料和有关风景民情的册本;勤脱手，把读到看到的相干资料、甲篇名作、经典名句都分类料理，以充裕本身的学识，增加本身的见闻。

根据观光社安排，作为导游员的我，带团是我的紧张任务。这三年来，带过的团队数量已经记不清了，留在我感触里的是——忙和乐。刚从云上飞下来，又从水上漂过去;才听罢火车的汽笛声，又闻见汽车的马达响这一切凡是在我面前目今显现，是我深深的感觉到了我工作的意义地点，从内心酷好导游这一工作。坚定”宾客至上、办事至上、为大家办事、公道而大略的“的四大办事原则细致、热忱、殷勤的作好导游办事工作。

也便是一切工作以旅客者为动身点，以办事为动身点，时候思虑旅游者的长处和要求，毫不能谢绝旅客的公道合法要求。办事进程中要坚定”为大家办事“的原则，不能有亲疏之分，另眼看待，而应对每个旅客都热忱、殷勤、恭敬，不偏不倚、混为一谈;要坚定公道而大略的原则，在旅游办事进程中，要时候存眷旅客的感情变化，耐烦谛听旅游者的定见、要求，公道又能兑现的就竭力去做，如果异国作好或是已经错过机遇，就想方法及时补充，以求最大限度的到达旅客的如意。对旅客发起的同等理的、不大略兑现的要乞降定见，本着脚结壮地的原则，细致细致、不急不躁的立场，给旅客作出解释和阐明，获得旅客的明白、相信，使旅客甘拜下风。

导游职业与其他职业有一个明显的差别，那便是你必须与客人朝夕相处，此日然使我们对办事的感觉比平常人深入。从某种意义上可以这么讲，导游职业无穷魅力恰是源于我们对办事的感知和酷好，他不但仅只被当作一份工作，而更应当被珍视为一个代价毕生追求的奇迹。固然干导游这行并不是我初志，但是很快我就发觉：本身是得当干导游这一行的，因为我喜好这个职业。

The distinctive Qingdao Underwater World offers a breath-taking view of a marine world. Lying to the northeast of famous Luxun Park and to the west of Number One Bathing Beach, it is situated on Huiquan Bay in Qingdao, Shandong Province. By means of modern techniques and advantageous geological location, it combines the advantage of the Qingdao Aquarium, Qingdao Specimen Hall and Qingdao Freshwater Fish Center, becoming a hot spot for marine ecotourism.

The underwater world consists of several interesting underwater landscapes, including the inter-tidal zones, underwater tunnel, performance hall and exhibition areas. The inter-tidal zones are teeming with many special species, forming a particular ecosystem. Various algae, echinoderms, marine mollusks, arthropods and small amounts of fish are living here. Common marine life like starfish, sea urchins, sea turtles, octopus, crabs and small sharks can be seen; some bright-colored or odd-shaped varieties will bring you a unique and spectacular view! The underwater tunnel breeds thousands of kinds of halo bios which are from all over the world, among them are some rare species. Sauntering in the tunnel, you can see the sharks cruising leisurely in the water, shoals of fishes pulling on the reefs, and still some species staying quietly in the seabed.

Wonderful items, like the dances between human and sharks, sea-maiden exhibitions and underwater ballets are performed in the performance hall. If a new couple is willing to experience an underwater wedding here, they will undoubtedly have an unforgettable memory of this solemn and happy moment. In the large cylindrical exhibition chamber, the colorful corals, various beautiful seaflowers and gorgeous tropical pet fish will fully occupy your eyes. In addition, there are exhibition areas for sea horses, nautilus, lobsters, jellyfish and other marine life.

Qingdao Aquarium was the first aquarium of China. The magnificent main building followed the Chinese traditional fortress, and was reputed as one of the ten most imposing buildings of Qingdao City. Sea beasts like harbor seals, South American sea lions, Humboldt penguins are also kept in the Qingdao Underwater World and they will always present lively and artful performances to the tourists. Specimen Hall of Marine Life has the most abundant specimens in the world, displaying over 20,000 specimens of more than 1,950 rare marine lives of China and the world. As the only specimen hall featuring the marine life in China, it also keeps many specimens of endangered species.

The Freshwater Fish Center is a simulation of a tropical rainforest ecological environment. It exhibits many rare and endangered species and some tropical fish, including South American arapaima, precious angelfish, Chinese sturgeons, Yangtze alligators and giant salamanders. In addition, there is a special exhibition area for the jellyfish. Thousands of various gorgeous jellyfish swim in the water, resembling blooming flowers in the garden and bring you to an unforgettable dream world.

Travelers Voices on Underwater World

Let Me Say aboutUnderwater World

In hunan province is located in the south of the Yangtze river middle reaches, because most of the south of dongting lake area, hunan and said, and because of the largest river in the province xiangjiang river runs through north and south, and referred to as "xiang.

Hunan province is located in east longitude 108 ° 47 114 ° 15, north latitude 24 ° to 30 ° 39 8 . Adjacent to seven provinces and cities, the east of jiangxi, chongqing, sichuan, guizhou in the west, south according to guangdong, guangxi, the north side of hubei. The provincial land with a total area of 21.18 square kilometers, accounting for 2.2% of the total area of the national land and the cultivated land area of 49 million mu, the north plain mountain of 256 million mu, water painting of 20 million mu, is the 11th in the whole country. The province governs 14 cities and states, 136 counties, 2350 townships, 64.65 million people, including agricultural population 53.5 million people, accounting for 83.8% of the total population in the province.

Hunan province is located in the yunnan-guizhou plateau to hills and nanling mountains to the south jianghan plain transition zone. Southeast west surrounded on three sides by mountains and faces the east has the luoxiao mountains, south of nanling, wuling, xuefeng mountains on the west, North of dongting lake plain; The central hills, basin. The topography low meteorological north, three facing southwest to the east north central tilt, open toward the north of the asymmetric horseshoe. Province landscape is given priority to with mountain pool, hilly, mountainous area accounts for 51.25% of the whole province area, hilly basin accounts for 29.3%, plain 13.1%, water 6.4%, form the pattern of "seven hills monohydrate two field soil".

A humid subtropical monsoon climate of hunan. Mild climate, four seasons, abundant rainfall, rich heat and determination period is short, no mildew period long climate characteristics. The entire province between the annual average temperature 16 a 18 degrees Celsius, in poorer; Full-year 261 frost-free period 313 days, sunshine 1300 1800 hours, annual total radiation 38.5 a 488000 joules per square centimeter, active accumulated temperature above 10 degrees on 5000 a 5800 Celsius Yin, lasts 238 a 256 day, can meet the needs of crop growth resistance to heat. Hunan is one of the rainy areas in China, annual precipitation in 1200 - a - 1700 mm, the rain, the distribution of precipitation is obvious phases. By the basic same, light, heat, water is good for agriculture, forestry production is very empty.

Hunan water resources reserves. Within the territory of the province for many years an average of 253.9 billion cubic meters of water, surface water of 20.88 billion cubic meters, per capita is 2756 cubic meters, is the countrys per capita is 1.5 times. Hunan is a province, there are dense rivers drainage of hunan, and main force in yuan and li four water and dongting lake, the basin area of 25 square kilometers, the basin area of the province accounted for 92%. Province have played more than 5 km river in 5341, the total length of 86000 km, the basin area more than 5000 square kilometres of article 17 of the river, including hunan, endowment, yuan and li, Xiao, Lei, Mi, dancing (left le right), such as unitary water of the basin area over 10000 square kilometers. The provinces total runoff is 162.3 billion cubic meters, add water, a total of 208.28 billion cubic meters. Hunan the waters not only large water flow, and abundant water, good water quality, sediment concentration, less not freeze in winter. The provinces 5341 rivers of water reserves of 15.325 million kilowatts, annual output of 134.24 billion degrees. Total installed capacity of the whole province may develop can be accounted for 70% of total water reserves and about 36.4% of the electricity.

The biological resources of hunan province is very rich. Is one of biodiversity more provinces in our country. About 5000 species of higher plants, accounting for 1/6 of the total number of national, the woody plant species make up about a quarter of the country; Have a state protection of rare plants 66 species, level of protection in the three kinds of plants, namely, silver fir, metasequoia, at king (left to right). The provincial forestry land 182.449 million mu, 57.4% of the total area of the provinces land; Forest coverage rate of 51.4%, 37.2% higher than the national average, the volume of 251 million cubic meters of forest, in the forefront of the country. Chinese fir, pine, bamboo and other economic forest and timber forest, and woody oil is at the center of the region name is known all over the country. Among them, Chinese fir forest, nanzhu painting about a third of the country, differential area of the countrys 40%, tung is one of the four key provinces throughout the country. 23 province forest reserves has been established, zhangjiajie forest park is a national forest park. Pasture resources in hunan province is very rich also, can use existing 84.99 million mu of meadows, grazing capacity can reach 7.04 million cattle units. Abundant plant resources for the growth of animal breeding provides the advantageous conditions, hunan animal variety, therefore, has a wide distribution.

A total of 66 species of wild mammals, 500 kinds of birds, 71 species of reptiles, amphibians, 40 species, more than 1000 kinds of insects, and more than 200 kinds of aquatic animals. Including the south China tiger, the clouded leopard, golden cat, crane, baiji and other 18 kinds of national level to protect animals. Hunan is the national famous freshwater region, a total of more than 160 kinds of natural fish. Hunan products especially agricultural products is very rich, is the famous "land of fish and rice". At present, the provinces grain production accounts for about 6% of the countrys total output of grain, 1/10 of the total output of rice, rice and ramie, tea oil production in the country first; Pigs, tea, orange in the second place; Cotton, tobacco, sugar cane, the yield of oil and water, and the product was ranked among the top nationwide.

There are many different kinds of mineral resources in hunan province, is the national famous "hometown of non-ferrous metals" and "the hometown of non-metallic mineral. Hunan mineral variety not only, and grade, paragenetic and associated minerals. Have now discovered 134 kinds of minerals, has proven reserves of 91 kinds, is one of the country there are kinds of mineral provinces. Including antimony, tungsten storage place of the highest in the world, bismuth, rubidium, stone coal, realgar, fluorite, sepiolite, barite, monazite, such as the first in the nation, manganese, vanadium, rhenium, glaubers salt, kaolin and 2nd reserves of manganese ore industry; Zinc, lead, tantalum, graphite, diamond, cement ingredients such as reserves, the third in the nation.

Hunan tourism resources. There are ten big tourist area and more than 100 tourist attractions. "The east one line", mount hengshan ancient city of changsha, shaoshan holy land revolution and yueyang tower, emperor yandi mausoleum, etc. "The west", has been protected by the United Nations as a world natural heritage wulingyuan scenic spots and Freud, sandwiched yamadera, fierce hole river scenic area, is the national famous tourist resort.

During the spring equinox every year, cherry blossoms on the campus ofWuhan University compete with each other for beauty and beauty. After the bleakwinter, cherry blossoms first bring people joy and joy. Cherry blossom is thenational flower of Japan, but it is not unique to Japan. In fact, it is oftenseen in Yunnan and other places in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Atthe beginning of the Anti Japanese War, there were cherry blossoms in WuhanUniversity. According to Tang Zibing (also known as Tang Shanghao), he graduatedfrom the Economics Department of Wuhan University in 1934, then studied inJapan, and returned to Wuhan University to teach in 1937. After the victory ofthe Anti Japanese War, he went to Chinese Taiwan, taught in various colleges anduniversities in Taipei, and now lives in the United States). Mr. Li recalledthat after Japan launched the brutal war of aggression against China in 1937, itmoved fiercely to central China, and the situation in Wuhan became increasinglytense. In April 1938, Wuhan University moved to Leshan, Sichuan Province. WangXinggong, President of Wuhan University, decided to appoint Tang Zibing andother five people to stay in Han Dynasty. In October, after the Japanese armyoccupied Wuhan, Tang et al. Evaded the French concession in Hankou, and WuhanUniversity became the headquarters of the Japanese army in the Central Plains.On campus, there are more than 100 cadres of the first Japanese regiment, whoseheadquarters are located in the College of Arts. The three academies of Arts,science and engineering are used by a large number of civil servants in theCentral Plains command of the Japanese army. The dormitories for professors areoccupied by senior Japanese officials. The dining room (the first canteen forcollege students) is upstairs and downstairs by the Japanese army fieldhospital. After the Japanese army occupied Wuhan University, Tang Zibing tookhis wife (Japanese) and the left behind personnel to negotiate with the Japanesearmy inside the University, demanding that the Japanese army strictly protectthe campus facilities of Wuhan University. The interviewee was the commander ofthe regiment, the great assistant of Yi chieftain wasteland. He said that theJapanese army "has no intention of destroying the non military facilitieswithout resistance. In particular, we should take good care of the plants andtrees on the campus of the high school. Second, if the troops are mobilizedfrequently, I can leave a message when I am stationed: the receiver still paysattention, and then I can visit again. "At the beginning of 1939, Chang et al.Learned that the Japanese army had changed its defense, and once again" theoriginal class members went to the campus to negotiate with the Japaneseauthorities. Once again, he asked the Japanese army to take good care of all thecampus facilities. This time, major general Takahashi, a civilian militaryofficer, was interviewed. Due to the lack of garrison, the campus has become theagency for handling the post logistics in Japan, and its attitude is more kind.Takahashi made it clear that "we should try our best to protect this culturalarea which is more beautiful than the sunlight and Hakone in Japan." he alsosaid: "only when the spring is bright and beautiful, we still need flowers andtrees to decorate it. We can plant cherry blossoms here from Japan to enhanceour mood." Then he led Tang to the College of liberal arts and told long thatthey were going to plant cherry trees in the future (now the cherry gardenavenue) to show that they had made up their mind to plant cherry trees everyday. Tang Zibing was not satisfied with the Japanese armys method of plantingcherry trees, because cherry trees are the national flower of Japan. He wantedto plant them in Wuhan University for a long time, but he didnt dare to opposethem publicly. So he came up with the suggestion that "plum blossom can beplanted at the same time" when planting Japanese cherry trees. On the surface,Takahashi objected to Tangs suggestion, saying only: "cherry seedlings are easyto get, plum seeds are hard to find. Next year, you can come to enjoy cherrytrees." in fact, he denied Tangs opinion. From Mr. Tangs recollection, we caninfer that Japanese cherry trees were first planted in Wuhan Tianxue in 1939.Takahashi planted no more than 50 Japanese cherry trees in that year, mainlydistributed on todays Tuoyuan Avenue. These cherry trees began to decay in the1950s. In 1957, the third management department of Wuhan University renewed theold cherry trees. In 1965, more than 50 cherry trees were planted in the area ofYingYuan Avenue in Wuhan University farm, and the variety increased greatly. Inthe 1970s, a batch of cherry trees were introduced into Wuhan University farm torenew the old cherry trees. In the 1980s, after the establishment of theGreening Committee of Wuhan University, a comprehensive and reasonable layout ofcherry trees on campus was carried out, and the planting area of cherry treeswas expanded, from Wang Zais new fourth teaching building, gymnasium, newsecond teaching building, through YingYuan Avenue and its broad area, biologybuilding, humanities Museum (i.e. Yifu Building), physics building,administration building, to new and old receptions Cherry blossoms have beenplanted in all schools, students second canteen and Wuhan University Hospital.According to incomplete statistics, there are at least 500 cherry trees on thecampus of Wuhan University. Sakura is a deciduous tree or small tree ofRosaceae. It has beautiful flower shape and is suitable for vibration beltplanting. The bark of cherry tree is smooth, purplish brown and glossy, withluxuriant branches and leaves and green ginseng, which can be used for plantingbeside pedestrian and vehicular roads. There are many kinds of cherry blossomswith their own characteristics. At present, there are several varieties ofcherry blossoms in Wuhan University. In addition to one or two exotic Dahongshancherry blossoms among the Japanese cherry blossoms updated in the 1950s, thisvariety also introduced a batch of mountain cherry blossoms from Shanghai in1973, also known as double petal cherry blossoms. The flowering period is laterthan that of Japanese cherry blossoms, with flowers and leaves in full bloom andvarious colors. At present, there are four kinds of cherry blossoms in WuhanUniversity: white, green, pink and scarlet. They grow luxuriantly and are cute.(2) In 1973, Japanese friends sent a batch of cherry trees to Premier ZhouEnlai. Premier Zhou once lived in Wuhan University, so the central governmenthad a lot of them

The Customs Department transferred the seedlings to Wuhan University forplanting. This cherry tree has white flowers and smaller ones. (3) The Japanesecall it "eight cherry trees". In 1983, a Japanese friend presented 100 cherrytrees to Wuhan University. Now they are in the growing period, with tightflowers, luxuriant leaves and colorful pink flowers. This kind of cherry enjoysa high reputation in Japan. (4) Zaoying (the name of the plant has not yet beenidentified). In early 1989, Wuhan University introduced 15 cherry trees fromYunnan and planted them on the road of Wuhan University Hospital It is also inthe opening period when plum blossom is strong and needs to be adjusted. Fromthe above, we can see that there are more than 10 varieties of cherry blossomsin Wuhan University, but the blooming period of some cherry blossoms is veryshort, generally only about 15 days, and the flowering period is not consistent.For example, early cherry usually blooms in early March every year; JapaneseCherry usually blooms from late March to early April; while double cherry anddrooping cherry usually bloom in early April. Due to the different florescence,the technical management is very particular. Cherry blossoms were originallyplanted in Wuhan University just to make the campus green for the teachers andstudents of Wuhan University to enjoy. Now it has changed a lot and become oneof the most important landscapes in Wuhan city. It is estimated that nearly onemillion Chinese and foreign tourists visit Wuda every year to watch cherryblossoms. In the eyes of Wuhan people, Wuda seems to be the only scenic spot towatch cherry blossoms, The relevant units of Wuhan city and the relevantdepartments of the central government also took advantage of the opportunity tohold various academic seminars, experience exchange meetings, sportscompetitions and other activities in Wuhan University, which increased thelively atmosphere of the cherry blossom period. The cherry blossoms of Wuda arenot only for Chinese and foreign visitors to enjoy, but also for breedingvarious cherry varieties for brother units to beautify the environment. In 1988,Wuhan University transferred 16 rare cherry trees to Central South University ofFinance and economics. These cherry trees were deeply loved by the teachers andstudents of the University. In 1991, Wuhan University transferred more than 100cherry trees of more than 10 varieties to the cherry garden of Yuyuantan Park inBeijing, which was also praised by the people of Beijing. At present, theGreening Committee of Wuhan University is stepping up the propagation of variousvarieties of cherry trees. In addition to meeting the needs of campus greening,it will also support units outside the campus to beautify the environment. Wefirmly believe that in the near future, the cherry seedlings of Wuhan Universitywill take root and blossom in more areas.

Cherry blossoms are native to the temperate Himalayas of the northernhemisphere, including northern India, the Yangtze River Valley of China, Chinese TaiwanProvince of China, Korea and Japan. It is the most abundant in southwestmountain areas of China and cultivated in North China. At the beginning of theAnti Japanese War, there were cherry blossoms in Wuhan University. According toTang Zibing (also known as Tang Shanghao), he graduated from the EconomicsDepartment of Wuhan University in 1934, then studied in Japan, and returned toWuhan University to teach in 1937. After the victory of the Anti Japanese War,he went to Chinese Taiwan, taught in various colleges and universities in Taipei, andnow lives in the United States). Mr. Li recalled that after Japan launched thebrutal war of aggression against China in 1937, it moved fiercely to centralChina, and the situation in Wuhan became increasingly tense. In April 1938,Wuhan University moved to Leshan, Sichuan Province. Wang Xinggong, President ofWuhan University, decided to appoint Tang Zibing and other five people to stayin Han Dynasty. In October, after the Japanese army occupied Wuhan, Tang et al.Evaded the French concession in Hankou, and Wuhan University became theheadquarters of the Japanese army in the Central Plains. On campus, there aremore than 100 cadres of the first Japanese regiment, whose headquarters arelocated in the College of Arts. The three academies of Arts, science andengineering are used by a large number of civil servants in the Central Plainscommand of the Japanese army. The dormitories for professors are occupied bysenior Japanese officials. The dining room (the first canteen for collegestudents) is upstairs and downstairs by the Japanese army field hospital. Afterthe Japanese army occupied Wuhan University, Tang Zibing took his wife(Japanese) and the left behind personnel to negotiate with the Japanese armyinside the University, demanding that the Japanese army strictly protect thecampus facilities of Wuhan University. The interviewee was the commander of theregiment, the great assistant of Yi chieftain wasteland. He said that theJapanese army "has no intention of destroying the non military facilitieswithout resistance. In particular, we should take good care of the plants andtrees on the campus of the high school. Second, if the troops are mobilizedfrequently, I can leave a message when I am stationed: the receiver still paysattention, and then I can visit again. "At the beginning of 1939, Chang et al.Learned that the Japanese army had changed its defense, and once again" theoriginal class members went to the campus to negotiate with the Japaneseauthorities. Once again, he asked the Japanese army to take good care of all thecampus facilities. This time, major general Takahashi, a civilian militaryofficer, was interviewed. Due to the lack of garrison, the campus has become theopportunity for Japan to handle the post logistics

His attitude is more amiable. Takahashi made it clear that "we should tryour best to protect this cultural area which is more beautiful than the sunlightand Hakone in Japan." he also said: "only when the spring is bright andbeautiful, we still need flowers and trees to decorate it. We can plant cherryblossoms here from Japan to enhance our mood." Then he led Tang to the Collegeof liberal arts and told long that they were going to plant cherry trees in thefuture (now the cherry garden avenue) to show that they had made up their mindto plant cherry trees every day. Tang Zibing was not satisfied with the Japanesearmys method of planting cherry trees, because cherry trees are the nationalflower of Japan. He wanted to plant them in Wuhan University for a long time,but he didnt dare to oppose them publicly. So he came up with the suggestionthat "plum blossom can be planted at the same time" when planting Japanesecherry trees. On the surface, Takahashi objected to Tangs suggestion, sayingonly: "cherry seedlings are easy to get, plum seeds are hard to find. Next year,you can come to enjoy cherry trees." in fact, he denied Tangs opinion. From Mr.Tangs recollection, we infer that Japanese cherry blossom was first planted inWuhan Tianxue in 1939

East Lake cherry garden, one of the three largest cherry garden in theworld, can be called the three largest cherry garden in the world together withHongqian cherry garden in Japan and Washington cherry garden in the UnitedStates. First of all, the garden covers an area of nearly 200 mu, and its gardenand architectural layout are exquisite, exquisite and high-grade. More than 5000cherry trees have been planted with 20 varieties, most of which are from Japan.Second, the garden adapts measures to local conditions, and combines Chinesegarden style and Japanese harmony garden style organically. Chinese and Japaneselandscape experts and aestheticians who have been here all give high evaluation.It can be seen that Japanese Cherry Blossom experts can not overestimate thatthe garden is one of the three largest Cherry Blossom gardens in the world. Theunique East Lake cherry garden east lake cherry garden is located in thebeautiful Moshan scenic area. The elegant Chinese garden and the heavy Japaneseharmony architecture are integrated into one, which can be described as the bestof the scenery. For example, the landmark "five tower" in the park is dignifiedand exquisite; the "Red Bridge" passing through the water, the "stream" withstrange rocks, the floating colorful "island in the lake", the extraordinary"Bird House" and the complacent "carp flag" all give visitors a relaxed andhappy sense of beauty. The area of the garden is large, the terrain isundulating, and the cherry trees are planted in pieces. The age of the trees isup to 40 years. There are many varieties and colorful. There are single petalsas bright as clouds, double petals as magnificent, and the colors are pink,water red, purple, white, etc. there are also drooping cherry flowers that arehard to see in other places. The early, middle and late varieties of cherryblossoms in the garden have a flowering period of more than 20 days, which makesup for the short flowering period of single cherry blossom and takes a long timeto appreciate. East Lake cherry garden becomes famous

Donghu cherry garden was built in 1978. In memory of Premier Zhou Enlai(the 78th anniversary of Premier Zhous birth), former Japanese Prime MinisterTanaka presented Deng Yingchao with 78 cherry trees. Deng Yingchao chose Wuhanas the planting site of the 78 cherry trees, which were planted on the Bank ofDonghu Lake and the South foot of Moshan mountain. In 1997, the Wuhan municipalgovernment invited Japanese experts to visit the site for many times and decidedto expand the East Lake cherry garden. In 1998, the East Lake Scenic AreaAdministration and the luao Bank of Japan jointly invested 15 million yuan inthe construction of the park. In March, the cherry blossom garden was opened towelcome guests. The construction of the park took nearly 30 years, but it is arecent year that it has formed such a scale and characteristics. Since theexpansion of the garden, through the careful design and hard cultivation ofChinese and Japanese experts (especially in recent years, more than 20 batchesof Japanese Cherry Blossom experts have come to the garden for technicalguidance and cultivation), the cherry trees in the garden have been able to growvigorously, making this years East Lake cherry garden "flower like sea, peoplelike tide".

Wuhan East Lake Moshan cherry garden is located in the southern foot ofMoshan near Meiyuan, covering an area of 150 mu, with 5000 cherry trees. Thefirst batch of cherry blossoms planted in the garden were presented to DengYingchao by former Japanese Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka, and then transferredto Donghu by Deng Yingchao. The vast majority of cherry blossoms now are jointlyinvested and planted by China and Japan in 1998. Moshan cherry garden in WuhanEast Lake, Hongqian cherry garden in Aomori County, Japan and Washington cherrygarden in the United States are known as the three largest cherry capital in theworld. Moshan cherry blossom garden is centered on the five tower imitatingJapanese architecture, with Japanese garden style ponds, islands, streams,Hongqiao, niaoju and Doumen,

Even the management room and the ticket office are well-designed imitativeJapanese buildings. During the opening period of cherry blossom, the park willregularly play Japanese folk songs and provide many Japanese snacks. The wholescenic spot is full of Japanese customs. Walking into Moshan cherry garden inWuhan East Lake, thousands of cherry blossoms are blooming on the greenhillside. Breeze blowing, swaying flowers, falling flowers. The water shadow ofthe wooden pagoda is full of fragrance, which makes people linger in the springbreeze. It is understood that Moshan cherry garden, which was founded in 1979,now has more than 30 varieties, such as Yoshino Sakurai, Guanshan Sakurai, DadaoSakurai and Chuizhi Sakurai. The whole garden adopts Japanese style courtyarddesign, which has Japanese characteristics. In the cherry garden, there is apavilion called 78 Cherry Blossom Pavilion, which has 78 cherry blossoms. Itcommemorates the signing of the Sino Japanese Friendship Treaty in 1978.

Yong hui in the tang dynasty three years (AD 652), xuan zang wizard for sacrifice from India to Buddha, andother and classic Sanskrit, in temple west DaYuan 2-foot-tall tower built a five layer. Contrary to baoji famen temple tower by adding, wild goose pagoda is a temple built tower. During wu zetian changan reconstruction. Then after a lot of dressing. Wild goose pagoda is the famous tourist attraction in the tang dynasty, and therefore have a lot of literati, words, title of the Ming and qing dynasty which alone there are more than two hundred. Big wild goose pagoda in the temple is the tang dynasty monk xuan zang specializing in translation and the scriptures. Buddhist sutras introduced from tianzhu master xuan zang, once conducted temple in the temple service, with "fear generation who, after the loss, and difficult to fire" and make appropriate arrangements via like sarira, citing is outside a temple was built stone tower a, hence march Tang Yonghui three years (AD 652) attached to the chart to write. The emperor tang planning FuTu total 45 zhangs by xuan zang, with enormous project to achievement, and unwilling to mage toil, citing court grant funding 2-foot-tall tower built in the temple west yuan five layer. Wild goose pagoda, this tower due later in changan jianfu temple built a small wild goose pagoda, the temple tower was called wild goose pagoda, jianfu temple tower was called the small wild goose pagoda, has spread so far. Imitation of the western regions of great wild goose pagoda Su slope shape, wall brick surface soil core, not climbing, each layer sarira. Master xuan zang personally presided over a tower, built in two years. For brick topsoil heart, wind and rain erosion, more than 50 years after the tower gradually collapse.

Wu zetian changan years (AD 701-701), the queen Wu zetian and nobility, give money to build on the site, for seven new layer, the blue brick flies in the tower (another story, 704 AD as of great wild goose pagoda, tower increased to 10 layers. In 931 AD, when the later tang dynasty five dynasties period to rebuilding, wild goose pagoda to seven layers). After tang dynasty, temple temple by repeated warfare, the house burned down, only the wild goose pagoda alone.

In 931 AD (five generations of the later tang dynasty changxing two years) repair again for wild goose pagoda. Later in a large earthquake happened in xi an region, the wild goose pagoda tower fell, the tower shatter. (the original tower 11 floors) said "the second tablet" quiet st.

大家去过北京恭亲王府吗?如果没去过，那就让我来当一回导游吧!

恭亲王府原是“千古第一贪”的和王申的家，后被嘉庆帝立下二十四条罪状，抄了他的家充公。因最后一任主人是恭亲王爱新觉罗·奕讠斤，所以称为恭亲王府。

北京城两龙脉，一是京城中轴线，二是护城河。故宫就坐落在中轴线的头上。而恭亲王府就坐落在两龙脉相交之处。和王申曾大言不惭说：“皇上坐龙头，我坐龙尾。龙头虽掌大局，却还要龙尾行大事。”听听，和王申野心之勃勃，真不愧“千古第一贪”!

恭亲王府内，有九千九百九十九只“蝙蝠”。这“蝙蝠”并不是真实的蝙蝠，而形似蝙蝠的建筑。和王申想让自己很幸福，便取“福”的谐音字“蝠”，建了九千九百九十九只“蝙蝠”。

进门后，首先映入眼帘的，便是一只硕大的“蝙蝠”。这是一只形似蝙蝠的池塘，名曰“福池”。池岸边随意错落着假山碎石。福池周围栽满了榆树，榆树的果、叶形似铜钱，每当铜钱般的果、叶掉入福池时，和王申就会笑哈哈：“天上掉下的钱，进入我的‘聚宝盆’，地上的钱也是流入我和王申的囊袋中。”这话可真不假!

我们顺着福池潺潺流水走，便来一扇门前。这是一扇精美绝伦的西洋门，色彩鲜艳，做工精细。据说这也是他二十四条罪状之一。因为这一扇西洋门是仿造皇家园林——万寿园里的西洋门造的。

进了西洋门，绕过“送子观音”石雕，便是和王申家的戏园了。戏园前是一片花园，修剪整齐的灌木丛中开着些许花儿。《环珠格格》中“香妃戏蝶”这出戏就是在这里拍摄的。全北京城只有两处是满地青砖，一是故宫的太和殿，二便是和王申家的戏台了。因为青砖的扩音效果十分好，所以在戏台上唱戏不需要任何扩音工具，偌大的戏场人人都能听到音乐，能站在遍地青砖的戏台上为和王申等权贵大臣唱戏也是一种殊荣了。

穿过雕刻精细的朱栏长廊，便来到了和王申的书斋。书斋四面假山竹林环合，清幽宁静。整个恭亲王府，就它不是用石砖砌的。这座书斋是用一种特殊的竹料建成的，冬暖夏凉，和王申最爱待在这里了。

出书斋，前面那座十分大气的建筑就是正殿——和王申会客的地方。要上正殿，有一条很特别的路，只有一节阶梯，然后就是一条笔直平缓的坡路，因为和王申说过他这一世，只有年少时吃过苦，然后就一路平步青云，登上了“一人之下，万人之上”的权势颠峰。我们可以跨过最底下的一节阶梯，免吃一点苦，直接“平步青云”。

有这样一个故事：当年孝庄太后年老病重之时，极其爱戴她的皇孙——康熙帝，心情极其郁闷。他让侍女苏麻喇姑准备好纸笔，大笔一挥，写了一个“福”字。写完之后，玄烨和苏麻喇姑看着那个“福”字惊呆了——那个字苍劲有力，十分潇洒。细一看，竟看见了多个词组：多田，多子，多才，多寿……这不就是皇祖母的心愿吗?康熙帝越看越满意，便命人把这个“福”字拓在一块巨石上。结果，久病多时的太皇太后很快康复了!康熙帝大喜，决定将这块饱含吉祥福瑞气息的巨石代代相传，让爱新觉罗家族世代昌盛。

只可惜传到乾隆手中，就被别人偷出了皇宫。这个人就是和王申。现在这块福石就在我们正殿脚下，只露出写有“福”字的一面。这个“福”便是恭亲王府的第一万个福，寓意“万福”。和王申还神气地说：“皇上是‘万岁’，我是‘万福’!”后来，嘉庆帝抄他家时，本想把福石搬回皇宫，可还是没有搬成。和王申太狡猾了，他用石块砌了一座形似蝙蝠的福山，在“福”字左右各砌了一条龙，寓意“龙坐江山”，嘉庆帝不想自毁“江山”，便把福石留了下来。

我们刚才是“平步青云”而上，现在让我们踏着龙脉下来吧。

再沿着福山前的池塘流水走，便可来和王申家的钓鱼池，踩着朱色石船便可来到池中心的钓鱼台，钓鱼台南面堆砌着一些奇形怪状的假山，池里长满了绿色植物。北面岩上栽满了柳树，它们阿娜多姿的身体随风摇摆，与池中冒个不停的水突眼相映成趣，就像自己来到了济南趵突泉。可我回头一看，才发现自己还没离开恭亲王府呢：钓鱼台的栏杆，牌栏上无不镂刻着只有北京恭亲王府才有的蝙蝠花纹。

钓鱼池北岸上，还有一座形状奇特的阁楼，阁楼前种满了花草树木，据说是恭亲王奕讠斤派人按慈禧太后头上的旗头形状做的。奕讠斤很是讨厌慈禧太后，说：“你把我玩弄于股掌之间，我就要在你头上作威作福!”于是，奕讠斤就建了这么一个阁楼。

游完恭亲王府，我再次回首，看着这座饱经历史风霜却风采不减当年的府邸，心中百感交集：在这里住过的人，在自己事业走到颠峰时，却不知自己也走上了权途与钱途的末路。

Huaqing Pool is situated about 35 kilometres east of the city of Xi’an. Historically, the Western Zhou dynasty saw the construction of the Li Palace on the spot. In the Qin dynasty a pool was built with stones, and was given the name Lishan Tang (the Lishan Hot Spring). The site was extended into a palace in the Han dynasty, and renamed the Li Palace (the Resort Palace). In the Tang dynasty, Li Shimin (Emperor Tai Zong) ordered to construct the Hot Spring Palace, and Emperor Xuan Zong had a walled palace built around Lishan Mountain in the year of 747. It was known as the Huaqing Palace. It also had the name Huaqing Pool on account of its location on the hot springs.

Huaqing Pool is located at the foot of the Lishan Mountain, a branch range of the Qinling Ranges, and stands 1,256 metres high. It is covered with pines and cypresses, looking very much like a like a dark green galloping horse from a long distance. So it has the name of the Lishan Mountain (Li means a black horse).

The Tang dynasty Emperor Xuan Zong and his favourite lady, Yang Gui Fei used to make their home at Frost Drifting Hall in winter days. When winter came, snowflakes were floating in the air, and everything in sight was white. However, they came into thaw immediately in front of the hall. It owed a great deal to the luke warm vapour rising out of the hot spring. This is the Frost Drifting Hall that greets us today.

Close by the Frost Drifting Hall lies the Nine Dragon Pool. According to legend, the Central Shaanxi Plain was once stricken by a severe drought in the very remote past. Thus, by the order of the Jade Emperor (the Supreme Deity of Heaven), an old dragon came at the head of eight young ones, and made rain here. Yet when the disaster was just abating, they lowered their guard so much that it became serious again. In a fit of anger, the Jade Emperor kept the young dragons under the Jade Cause Way (玉堤), with the Morning Glow Pavilion and the Sunset Pavilion built at both ends of it respectively, to make the young dragons spout cleat water all day long to meet the needs of local irrigation. Besides, he had the old dragon confined to the bottom of the Roaring Dragon Waterside Pavilion situated at the upper end of the Jade Causeway, and obliged him to exercise control over the young.

The Nine-Bend Corridor west of the Nine Dragon Pool leads directly to the Marble Boat, which resembles a dragon boat on the water surface. In the Marble Boat lies the Nine Dragon Tang (the Nine Dragon Hot Spring where Emperor Xuan Zong used to take baths). At the head of his court ladies and hundreds of his officials, he would come to the Huanqing Palace to spend his winter days in October of the Lunar calendar and return to Chang’an City as the year drew to its close. The Nine Dragon Hot Spring was originally built with crystal jade, whose surface was decorated with the carvings of fish, dragons, birds and flowers. In it twin lotus flowers also carved with white jade could be seen as well. The spring water welled from the break of an earthen jar, and spouted up to the lotus flowers. Hence the name Lotus Flower Tang (the Lotus Flower Hot Spring).

The Gui Fei Bathing Pool was where Yang Gui Fei, Emperor Xuan Zong’s favorite lady, used to take bath. It was originally built with white jade, and in its center a blooming flower spouted water like a spring. The pool looked very much like a Chinese flowering crabapple; Hence its name the Chinese Flowering Crabapple Hot Spring or the Lotus Hot Spring..

Lady Yang used to make a stay in this pavilion to see sights or to air her hair after a bath. Therefore, it was named the Hair Airing Pavilion. Whether the sun was rising or setting, the pavilion was aglow with sunshine; hence the name the Flying Roseate Pavilion.

Southwest of the Gui Fei Bathing Pool stands a brick-built pavilion. On its head three big Chinese characters Xi Jia Lou” (Fine Sunset-Bathed Pavilion)are inscribed according to the model of the most celebrated according to the model of the most celebrated Chinese calligrapher, Yu You Ren, here is the source of the spring water.

At this spa there are four hot springs. They have an hourly flow of 112 tons, and a constant temperature of 43°C. The spring water contains lime, sodium carbonate, sodium sulphate and other minerals, which makes it suitable for bathing and considerable treatment of quite a few diseases such as dermatosis, rheumatism, arthritis and muscular pain. The Fine Sunset-Bathed Pavilion marks the first source of the spring water, which was discovered some 3,000 years ago, roughly in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Its water flow averages 25 tons per hour.

Take up the steps east of the source of hot springs, you will gradually see the Five-Room Pavilion where Chiang Kaishek made a temporary stay during the Xi’an Incident.

The Xi’an Incident took place on December 12, 1936, and it is also known as the Double Twelfth Incident. After the Incident of September 18, 1936, the Japanese imperialists seized the three provinces northeast of China, and intensified their invasion of North China. This was the very moment vital to the Chinese nation. Yet Chiang Kaichek persisted doggedly in carrying out his reactionary policy domestic tranquility is a must for the resistance against Japanese invades,” and commanded the Northeast Army and Northwest Army, respectively headed by Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng, to attack the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region. Inspired by our Party’s policy let us stop the internal war and unit to resist the Japanese aggressors,” those two generals made to Chiang Kaishek the proposal of forming a united front with the Communist Party for the resistance. Not only did he reject the proposal, but flew to Xi’an to scheme the suppression of the Communist Party.” And the slaughter of the patriotic youth. Out of patriotism, Zhang and Yang started the famous Xi’an Incident.

Very early on the morning of December 12, 1936 the Incident was impending. Zhang Xueliang, together with Yang Hucheng ordered a squad of bodyguards to surround the Huaqing Pool. They fought a fierce battle there, and wiped out Chiang’s bodyguards in one vigorous effort. The sound of firing came to Chiang Kaishek, and he was so terrified that he crept out of the window with his nightgown and slippers only. What’s more, he hurt his spinal bone, and lost one of his slippers while crossing over the back wall. He staggered up Lishan Mountain, and hid himself behind a stone in the crevice halfway on it. Those brave soldiers began to search the mountain immediately when they rushed into the Five-Room Pavilion to find that Chiang’s hat and clothes were still there and that his quilt remained warm. In the end they found Chiang Kaishek, and thus escorted him to Xi’an.

In order to avoid a civil war and try t establish a national united front for the resistance against Japan, Mao Zedong on behalf of the C.C.P.C. insisted on a peaceful settlement of the Incident. Therefore, a delegation headed by Zhou Enlai was sent to Xi’an. Zhou Enlai and his suite did a large amount of work there, took everything possible into consideration, and ultimately forced Chiang Kaishek to accept the proposal by his two generals. On December 25, Chiang was freed, and flew back to Nanjing. The Xi’an Incident was so peacefully settled.

The peaceful settlement of the Incident put an end to the internal war which had lasted for ten years, and accelerated the formation and development of the national united front for the anti-Japanese drive. Moreover, it showed that the co-operative relationships between the Communist and Nationalists arrived at a new stage. It marked a great turning point in modern Chinese history.

In the year of 1946 the KMT government had a National Rejuvenation Pavilion” built near the crevice where Chiang Kaishek had hidden himself in the Incident. It was also called Vital Energy Pavilion”. After the national liberation it was renamed Catching Chiang Pavilion”. Close by the pavilion stands a wooden board which carries a brief introduction to the Xi’an Incident. Iron chains and rings in the crevices east of the pavilion, by which visitors can climb up to take a look at Chiang Kaishek’s shelter.

Up the winding path east of the Five-Room-Pavilion you will catch sight of a bridge-like construction. It shines regularly with a myriad of evening sun rays both in summer and autumn, and looks very much like rainbow. So it has the name of the Hovering Rainbow Bridge.

Located on the Xixiu Ridge (the West Embroidery Ridge) of the Lishan Mountain, the remains of the beacon tower of the Western Zhou Dynasty seem easy to identify.

The beacon tower was mostly built at the top of the mountain to give border alarm in ancient times. It was constantly under special control. Once the enemies were pressing on towards the border, the beacon tower began to take effect: it was made to smoke in the daytime while set on fire at night.

The story goes that Bao Si, Queen of the Western Zhou dynasty was highly honored, yet she never cracked a smile. King You tried many ways to put a smile on her face, but he failed over and over again. He called his court band to toll bells and beat gongs”, and she pulled a long face. Then the band were asked to play the bamboo flute and strings” and she remained displeased. Afterwards, maids of honour served wine, festively singing and dancing,” and she did not let out a smile at all.

You don’t like music! What on earth are you fond of?” the King asked.

I nearly have a liking for nothing. But I can still well remember I liked to give ear to the sound of tearing a piece of coloured silk when I was a child. It was clear anf melodious,” she replied. King You said in excitement, That is very simple. How come you didn’t let me know it earlier?”

Thus he ordered the officially appointed property manager to offer coloured silk, and made fresh and energetic maids of honour to tear it into pieces. Hundreds of bolts of coloured silk were utterly torn, but Bao Si remained unmoved.

Why didn’t you let out a single smile then?” he asked.

I have never smiled so far, ” the Queen replied.

The King tried over and over again, but failed repeatedly, and in the end he gave orders, Anyone both in and out of court who can amuse Bao Si will be awarded one thousand pieces of gold.”

Afterwards Guo Shifu, a treacherous court official came and offered advice: Set the beacon tower on fire and fool your sovereign rulers.” That night the King and Queen reached the Lishan Mountain by carriage, and gave the order. In the split second the flames of the fire lit up the sky ad the sovereign rulers moved their troops immediately to the Lishan Mountain. There they found nothing but that the King and Queen enjoyed drinking festively. The King then dispatched his bodyguard to inform them that Everything should have been all right. I have just been joking with you.” When they got this, they looked at each other in blank dismay, and left disappointed. Sure enough, Bao Si burst into laughter, stroking her hands when she noticed all the troops come in vain and go noisily. Accordingly, Guo Shifu got a prize of one thousand pieces of gold. Later on King You did so more often than not. In 771 B.C. Quan Rong (a then minority tribe) staged an armed rebellion against the Western Zhou Dynasty. King You ordered urgently to set the beacon tower on fire, but all the sovereign rulers remained unmoved. Consequently King Yu was killed, and Bao Si was taken away. The Western Zhou dynasty vanished. Herein come the Chinese idiom A single smile costs one thousand pieces of gold” and The sovereign rulers are fooled by the beacon fire.”

兼职导游年终工作总结样本

今年可以说是我丰收的一年，以往的我都是坐在计调的位置操纵团队，安排客人吃住行游购娱。但是今年我可以冲到旅游工作的第一线去，去给客人介绍我们祖国的山山水水、介绍我们大连这座城市的春夏秋冬。介绍我们的大海、介绍我们的广场 介绍我们的文化、介绍我们大连的每一个角落。这就是我今年的第一个收获——我的国导证、正因为有了证我得意实现我的人生梦想，去完成我的人生使命。

由于拿证时已进入旅游旺季我便做着兼职导游工作，忙忙碌碌的每一天穿行在每个旅行社的办公室和景点之间，其中有中国旅行社、瑞的旅行社、百度旅行社、中国国际旅行社等等。

在有限的时间里尽量多的为游客多做介绍、多做讲解、多服务、多微笑是我做导游的宗旨。我相信只有真情的讲解、周到的服务、微笑待人、游客才会玩的开心，作为一名大连导游员我代表的不仅是我自己、不仅是我的旅行社，我代表的是我们这座城市，大连是一座海滨城市有着数不清的奇景异观。这么漂亮的城市不能因为导游的服务差而让游客对其有反感 。

当我每走进一个旅行社的同时，每次递交一份简历上面都会清楚的写着我是一名只会讲解只会服务不会赚钱的导游。可能作为我的同行业来说不会赚钱的导游不是好导游，但是只会赚钱不会服务的导游更不是好导游。但是尽管这样仍然会找到好的旅行社，因为聪明的 老总都知道只要服务跟上去不愁没钱赚，现在的游客不差钱就看你怎么为他服务?作为一个海边城市的导游、作为我们八零年代的尾巴，我们的服务不仅仅停留在只会讲解几句导游词那么简单!要学会无微不至，游客的每一个动作、游客的每一个眼神、你都要了解他想需求什么?这才是一名懂得游客心理的好导游、这才算是好导游。

面对今年的第二个收获就是我有幸参加导游大赛，感受了赛场的争锋对决也让我见识了我省其他地区导游员的水平，一句话“人外有人天外有天”我承认我的没有发挥好只因为我还不够努力，尽管我像考导游证那样三更午夜的看题，但是只要在努力一些 在努力一些我也许就不会错两道题 ，也许就是全场的最高分。郭老师说一句话令我印象深刻“一身的武功让一道题给废了”。我很服气但是我不甘心我等待着下一次的对决，但是对于我刚出茅庐的孩子能够参加比赛我已经知足。能站在省里的比赛场上也是一种磨砺，是金子总会发光的我等待着那一天、

今年的第三大收获就是，我接待了一个又一个的团队，分享游客的酸甜苦辣，为他们排忧解难，把不愉快留给我。把快乐带回家，没有发生误船误机事故，完成了“快乐而来 满意而归”的宗旨，因为平安、开心、快乐、比什么都重要!

2017年是我的幸运年我考上了梦寐以求的导游证。但是2017年对我来说是一个全新的开始，我的目标是进入大连中国旅行社，踏踏实实从导游做起认认真真的为游客服务用我的真心换取他们的笑容呵呵。同时我在这里也向所有的大连导游发起倡议“做一个名干干净净的导游、不赚黑心钱、不强迫购物、不强迫游客消费、不在宣传中有虚假信息 ”。

让每一个来到大连旅游的人不仅看到、认识、了解这座城市的美景，更能够因为我们的介绍从而爱上这座城市。让他们的记忆中永远都有那片蓝色的大海，永远都有导游那张灿烂的笑容。作为的导游我很愿意引用赵本山老师的一句话“生产快乐 快乐生产”游客出来玩就是出来寻求放松、寻求快乐的。我们呢?就是制造快乐的机器把所有不快乐的因素在我们这里都转化为快乐 、快乐 、快乐、

在新的一年里我还要在工作的同时继续学习旅游文化、学习祖国河山的文化、把不知道的知识弥补回来。以便在今后的导游工作中更好的为游客服务、为你服务、为大家服务。