马王堆汉墓英语翻译（通用20篇）

我从正式开始学习翻译到现在，不过两年时间。作为一个年轻的翻译爱好者，我对翻译这门让人时而绝望时而又充满希望的艺术，有着自己最真实的经历与感悟。在此想借本文与所有翻译新手共勉。

关于英汉互译的研究著作可谓汗牛充栋，各种派别观点层出不穷，让后来者眼花缭乱，却又无从选择。其实从英译汉的角度来说，究其本质，过程无非就两个步骤：1、准确理解英文原文;2、用地道的中文表达原文的含义。

如何准确理解英文原文

我们先来谈谈第一个步骤，如何准确理解英文原文——这一点说白了就是考验译者的阅读理解能力。如果说在阅读中遇到不认识的单词或词组，译者尚且能够通过查阅字典的方式解决的话，那么英语中繁复多样的句式往往就不是一本字典可以打发的了。尤其在阅读文学性较强的英语作品时，作者行云流水般的笔触通常都是借助丰富多变的句型来表现的。这些英语作品与我们日常教科书本中选取的文章相比，往往来得更为艰深难懂。怎么办?惟一的办法就是从头做起：

1、确保自己在学校中或是培训班上接触到的一切阅读材料都能够完全透彻地理解。

千万不要小瞧学校老师为你选择的阅读教材，或许它们所触及的话题不是非常新鲜前卫，或许它们涵盖的内容与你的兴趣爱好相悖。但是，它们却能在不经意间为你打下阅读基础的坚实栋梁。

2、在学有余力的基础上，可以选择一些英语课外读物来扩充自己的阅读量。

对具体英语读物的选择其实还是有些讲究的。比如，有些学生对文学类作品很感兴趣，但并不意味着他们在一开始就该选择那些厚得像砖块一样的原版名著来阅读，因为这样做无异于“自杀”。究其原因，仅其中的生词就足以使阅读者信心全无。那么，那些有中英文对照的版本是否能称为上佳之选呢?答案依然为否。因为这极易激发读者的惰性，尤其对阅读量有限的读者来说更是如此。

对此我的建议是，选择那些名著的缩写本，并且是配有详细注释的版本。在阅读过程中，读者往往很难定位陌生的词组或表达。比如说有这样一句话：HesaidthatIwaswayoutofthatgirl’sleague.初次见到这个表达的人可能以为只要查到league的中文意思问题就解决了，他们无法立刻意识到，AbeoutofB’sleague是一个完整的词组表达式，其含义是：A君配不上B君;而句中的way一词，也不是我们以前学过的“道路”或者“方式、方法”的意思，而应解释为“远远地”或是“过于”。所以，全句的正确理解应为：他说我压根儿就配不上那个女孩子。如果读者选择读物的时候能够找到有类似这样配以注释的版本，阅读起来就既不会因为生词过多而灰心，同时又能够逐渐培养定位词组的语感了。

3、将新鲜或新学的词组记录在笔记本上，并连同该词组出现的句子一起写下，以供随时重温。

有时候，仅写下词组对我们的记忆来说是一项很大的挑战，因为我们可能很快就会忘记其含义。即使当初在一旁写下了中文意思，时间一长就会忘记应如何使用它了。这时如果为该词组提供背景环境，不但能够加深我们对它的记忆，也可以为日后模仿成句提供现成例子。

对英语原文的准确理解是英译汉的第一步。形象说来，这一步就像是“踩点”，一定要踩得准、踩得到位，只有这样才能为下一步转换成中文打好基础。

如何使行文变得“地道”

英译汉的第二步是用地道的中文表达原文的含义。这对译者的中文功底是一个十足的考验。这里的“地道”指的是，译文不会让人感觉到有英语原文的痕迹，就好像它原来就是一篇中文作品一样。

很多时候，译者对原文的理解没有问题，但是要将这粗糙、原始、零碎的理解升华为通顺、精致、具整体性的另一种语言，并用符合该语言习惯用法的表达转述出来，往往就不是那么容易了。尤其当原文是以精确简约著称的英语，而目标语言是惯于华美繁复的汉语时，我们往往就得花费更多的工夫去打磨译文，才能弥合两种语言之间的沟壑。那么我们如何培养出这种“地道”的翻译呢?

再拿前文提到过的一个句子为例：HesaidthatIwaswayoutofthatgirl’sleague.句中way一词若单独解释，则可以理解为“过于”或“远远地”等含义，但是如果直接放置到句中，其译文则成为：他说我过于配不上那个女孩子;他说我远远配不上那个女孩子;与我们给出的译文“他说我压根儿就配不上那个女孩子”相比，“过于”和“远远”显然都不如“压根儿”来得地道，虽然从本质上讲，这三个词的含义都很相近。你一定想问：我怎么就想不到“压根儿”这个词呢?那是因为你没有成功进行角色的变换。

什么叫做角色的变换?

当我们做到上文所讲的第一步“准确理解英文原文的含义”后，我们的思维会在不经意间嵌入英文语言的模式。这时，只有成功脱离该模式，进入换位思考的状态，才有可能在最大程度上激活自身的汉语表达能力。面对这种情况，我们应该将原文的含义提取出来，暂存在大脑中，想想作为一个中国人，他会怎样来表达这层意思;或者回想自己有没有亲历过类似的情况，自己当时又是如何表达的呢?如此这般，较为地道的用语就能信手拈来了。

又如这么一个句子：Butthesameadvantagewouldapplytoallspecies,andyetwealonecomposesymphoniesandcrosswordpuzzles,carvestoneintostatues,maptimeandspace.原文理解起来并不困难，但若跳不出英语的思维模式、不考虑中文惯用表达、逐字翻译，其结果就是：但是同样的优势将会出现在所有的物种身上，然而惟独我们谱写出交响曲和字谜游戏，将石头刻成雕像，划分时间和空间。

这样的翻译不能说有错，但是中文的美感全无。翻译界前辈总结的“信达雅”是以信达为基础，以雅为目标的三步翻译标准，其中最难把握的也就是这第三步“雅”的境界。下面我们来具体分析一下这个句子的各个部分。

首先要注意的词是第一个分句中的would，这个词可不是随便用的，它除了在过去将来时中会出现以外，还会出现在虚拟语气里。在此我们可大致判断，第一个分句其实是一个省略虚拟句式，即省略的非真实条件句，而被省略的部分就是该非真实条件复合句中的条件部分，而我们看到的只是结果部分。所以有必要将条件部分还原为：如果自然界中所有的物种都拥有发现美的能力，那么它们都将在进化过程中称霸一方。

第二个小分句andyetwealonecomposesymphoniesandcrosswordpuzzles,carvestoneintostatues,maptimeandspace中，值得注意的地方可不少：

(1)整个句子的结构：andyetwealone如同一个统领的标志,后面的compose,carve,map分别是其下的三个并列动宾词组。如何翻译此类句子?

在这里我们可以采用类似数学中合并同类项的做法——将andyetwealone先提取出来总述，然后将后面的三个动宾词组作为分述，译文为：然而，惟独人类在演变中独占鳌头：我们谱写交响曲

(2)动词compose后面跟的两个宾语symphonies和crosswordpuzzles该如何处理?虽然原文里只用了一个动词，但是在中文里面却很难找到这样一个动词能够同时搭配交响曲和字谜游戏，所以在翻译过程中，应将一个compose拆分为两个中文动词，与两个宾语分别搭配，译文为：我们谱写交响曲，创造字谜游戏;

(3)那么carvestoneintostatues,maptimeandspace这两个动宾结构又该如何处理呢?在这里可以延续前面的主语“我们”：我们谱写交响曲，创造字谜游戏，刻石头成雕像，划分时间空间，但是，这样的译本就看似平淡，没有层次感。如果我们根据意群对该分句进行二度划分，就能把划分符放在carve之前，将后两个动宾词组合为一组，与前文分开。同时，采用主宾对换的方式使得句式结构富于变换，即不再使用“我们”作为动宾结构的主语，而是让原本处于宾语地位的stone和timeandspace翻身作主人，这一切变换措施只需要借助一个小小的地点状语即可实现：在我们的手中，顽石诞生为雕像，时空归依为坐标。全句翻译如下：如果自然界中所有的物种都拥有发现美的能力，那么它们都将在进化过程中称霸一方。然而，惟独人类在演变中独占鳌头：我们谱写交响曲，创造字谜游戏;在我们的手中，顽石诞生为雕像，时空归依为坐标。这样一来，整句中的小结构里又透出工整对仗之意，大结构上又十分富有层次感，也不失变化;读来全无英文的痕迹，而又忠于原文，这才是令人颇为满意的好译文。

综上所述，翻译两部曲中的第二步是“成品”的关键所在。译者在此既要有跳出原文束缚的能力，又不能一蹦三丈远——完全脱离原文内容实质、凭空创造;也就是说，译者还得有将译文“靠”回原文的本领。翻译之路如此漫漫，大家还需不断“上下而求索”，希望我的这篇文章能够在此给大家“抛砖引玉”。

my name is.i am a (boy or girl),i am eight.my mother is a (job),my fatheris a (job),i like my mother ,i like my father.they love me too.we are allhappy.

我的名字是…….我是一个(女孩或男孩).我八岁了.我的妈妈是(职业),我的爸爸是(职业).我爱我的妈妈,我爱我的爸爸.他们也爱我.我们都非常开心.

Hello! My name is . My English name is Joy. Im years old. Im a happy girl. I have a happy family. My father and my mother are both office workers. Theyre busy. But at weekends, they always cook nice food for me. Im happy in the family. I love my parents and they love me very much.

Im a student at Dongzhou Middle School. It is very big and beautiful. There are many classroom buildings and office buildings. Besides the buildings, there is a big playground. After school, there are lots of boys playing basketball on it. I think they are happy. There are a lot of flowers and trees in my school. They are beautiful. I like my school. In my school, I have many friends. All my friends are polite and helpful. My friends are all nice to me. They can make me happy. So I like playing with them.

My hobbies are listening to music and reading. I like pop music very much. I dislike sports because Im not strong. Its hard for me.

I have a happy family, a beautiful school and many nice friends. I enjoy every day.

翻译

你好!我的名字叫。我的英文名字叫快乐。我XX岁。我是一个快乐的女孩。我有一个幸福的家庭。我的父亲和母亲都是上班族。他们很忙。但是在周末,他们经常煮好吃的给我。在家庭中我很高兴。我爱我的父母,他们非常爱我。

我是一名学生在东洲中学，它是非常大又非常美丽的。有很多教室建筑和办公大楼。除了建筑,有一个大操场。放学后,有很多男生打篮球，我觉得他们很快乐。有许多花和树在我的学校。他们是美丽的。我喜欢我的学校。在我的学校,我有很多朋友。我所有的朋友都礼貌和乐于助人。我的朋友对我都很好。他们让我觉得很开心，所以我喜欢和他们一起玩。

我的爱好是听音乐和阅读。我非常喜欢流行音乐。我不喜欢运动因为我不坚强。这对我来说是困难的。

我有一个幸福的家庭,一个漂亮的学校和许多好朋友。我喜欢每一天。

Hi everone,my name is ___,I am __ years old this year.I study in class __ of the __ school.I am a optimistic person. I often helping each other to classmate,we study together and improve together. We live in the same class collective, we are like the brothers and sisters each other. There are a lot of my interest,e_ample:reading,watching at the film,play by ancient Zheng and so ons.....I especially like watching at the animation, particularly watching Japanese animation,the animation which I like is .This is about me,what do you thing?

大家好,我叫___,今年__岁.现就读于__中学,__班.我是个性格开朗的人,经常与同学互帮互助,共同学习,共同进步.我们生活在同一个班集体中,我们彼此就如兄弟姐妹一样.我有许多的兴趣爱好.比如:看书,看动画,看电影,弹古筝,等等...我特别喜欢看动画,尤其是日本动画片,我最喜欢的是.

Morning， sir ! My name is Lily， it is really a great honor to have this opportunity for a interview， i would like to answer whatever you may raise， and i hope i can make a good performance today， eventually enroll in this prestigious university in september. now i will introduce myself briefly，i am 21 years old，born in heilongjiang province ，northeast of china，and i am curruently a senior student at beijing uni.my major is packaging engineering.and i will receive my bachelor degree after my graduation in june.in the past 4 years，i spend most of my time on study，i have passed CET4/6 with a ease. and i have acquired basic knowledge of packaging and publishing both in theory and in practice.

Besides， i have attend several packaging exhibition hold in Beijing， this is our advantage study here， i have taken a tour to some big factory and company. through these i have a deeply understanding of domestic packaging industry. compared to developed countries such as us， unfortunately， although we have made extraordinary progress since 1978，our packaging industry are still underdeveloped， mess， unstable， the situation of employees in this field are awkard. but i have full confidence in a bright future if only our economy can keep the growth pace still. i guess you maybe interested in the reason itch to law， and what is my plan during graduate study life， i would like to tell you that pursue law is one of my lifelong goal，i like my major packaging and i wont give up，if i can pursue my master degree here i will combine law with my former education. i will work hard in thesefields ，patent ，trademark， copyright， on the base of my years study in department of p p， my character? i cannot describe it well， but i know i am optimistic and confident. sometimes i prefer to stay alone， reading， listening to music， but i am not lonely，

i like to chat with my classmates， almost talk everything ，my favorite pastime is valleyball，playing cards or surf online. through college life，i learn how to balance between study and entertainment. by the way， i was a actor of our amazing drama club. i had a few glorious memory on stage. that is my pride.

Good morning !

早上好!

It is really my honor to have this opportunity for a interview,

这真是我的荣幸有这个机会参加面试,

I hope i can make a good performance today. Im confident that I can succeed.

我希望我能成为一个好今天的表现。我相信我能成功。

Now i will introduce myself briefly

现在我将简要介绍一下我自己

I am 26 years old,born in shandong province .

我26岁,出生在山东省。

I was graduated from qingdao university. my major is electronic. and i got my bachelor degree after my graduation in the year of 20xx.

我毕业于青岛大学。我的专业是电子。我毕业后,我得到了我的学士学位在20xx年。

I spend most of my time on study,i have passed CET4/6 . and i have acquired basic knowledge of my major during my school time.

我花大部分时间在学习上,我已经通过了CET4/6。我对我的专业的基础知识有了在我的学校的时间。

In July 20xx, I begin work for a small private company as a technical support engineer in QingDao city. Because Im capable of more responsibilities, so I decided to change my job.

20xx年7月,我开始工作一小型私人企业作为技术支持工程师在青岛城市。因为我有能力担负起更多的责任,所以我决定改变我的工作。

And in August 20xx,I left QingDao to BeiJing and worked for a foreign enterprise as a automation software test engineer. Because I want to change my working environment, Id like to find a job which is more challenging. Morover Motorola is a global company, so I feel I can gain the most from working in this kind of company ennvironment. That is the reason why I come here to compete for this position.

20xx年8月,我离开青岛到北京,为外国企业工作作为一个自动化软件测试工程师。因为我想改变工作环境,我想找一个更具挑战性的工作。分别摩托罗拉是一个全球性的公司,所以我觉得我可以获得最多的工作在这种公司ennvironment。这就是为什么我来这里竞争这个职位。

I think Im a good team player and Im a person of great honesty to others. Also I am able to work under great pressure.

我认为我是一个良好的团队合作精神,我一个人的伟大的诚实给别人。我能在巨大压力下工作。

That’s all. Thank you for giving me the chance.

这是所有。谢谢你给我这个机会。

My name is --,Im 12 years old.I come from -- primary school.I think Im a kind and confident girl.I like all the subject that I will learn this year,and I try my best to lear English well all the time.

I like listening to pop songs and singing.Ive been learning dance for 4 years.I think these hobby will be good for my future.I got on well with my classmates and my teachers when I was in the primary school,Im glad to meet all the people in our class.Lets be friends!

I am a strong ability to work independently of the people. Work carefully, not in haste, with a strong sense of responsibility and professionalism, like continuous learning and exploration at work, a strong ability to adapt to the new environment.

热情随和，活波开朗，具有进取精神和团队精神，有较强的动手能力。良好协调沟通能力，适应力强，反应快、积极、灵活，爱创新!提高自己，适应工作的需要。

本人乐观向上，爱好广泛，拥有较强的适应能力，并具有良好的身体素质。与同学相处和睦融洽，乐于助人，对工作踏实，认真负责，学习能力强，能较好完成任务。注重团队合作，能够积极参加学校及班级组织的活动，并能在活动中充分发挥出自己的作用。

I am optimistic, wide-loving, it has a strong ability to adapt, and have a good physique. Rapport with classmates, helpful to the work of practical, serious and responsible, ability to learn, to better complete the task. Team-oriented, able to actively participate in school activities and class organization and activity can give full play to their role.

My name is HuaYe, 11 years old this year, in huatai read primary school grade four. I am a happy little girl.

On one occasion, my sister birthday to her classmates home, back to home, I asked my sister: "what did you go to the classmates house to eat today?" "KFC!" My sister said. "KFC?" I curiously ask, dialect is rolling noodles. I with excitement, with the curiosity to ask again: "what? No way! You eat pasta noodles today?" "No! Is... is... KFC, not rolling noodles!" My sister said with a smile. I said: "I am not right? Why say I am wrong, is really of!" Then, his sister, your ear to me loudly shout: "is KFC! Not rolling noodles! Hear no?" I listened to smiled and said, "hear!"

Look! This is a naive romantic girl.

我叫华晔，今年11岁了，在华泰小学读四年级。我是一个让人开心的小女孩。

有一次，妹妹去她同学家过生日，回到家后，我问妹妹：“你今天去同学家吃了什么东西?”“肯德基!”妹妹说。“肯德基?”我奇怪地问，方言就是说擀面条。我带着兴奋，又带着好奇心问：“什么?不会吧!你今天吃擀面条?”“不是啦!是…是…肯德基，不是擀面条!”妹妹笑着说。我说：“我不是说得对的吗?干嘛说我错了，真是的!”然后，妹妹听了，大声地朝我耳朵旁喊：“是肯德基!不是擀面条啦!听见了没有啊?”我听了笑了笑，说：“听见了!”

瞧!这就是一个天真浪漫的小女孩。

Good morning, my name is pan ×× 22 years old, born in×× province. it is really a great honor to have this opportunity for an interview, i would like to answer whatever you may raise, and i hope i can make a good performance today! now i will introduce myself briefly by three aspects: strength; weakness and achievements!

strength: i feel that my strongest asset is my ability to stick to things to get them done. i feel a real sense of accomplishment when i finish a job and it turns out just as i’d planned. i’ve set some high goals for myself. for example, i want to graduate with highest scores. and at last, i become one of the outstanding graduates in ×× university after a lot of study. besides, i am good at building mathematical models and analyzing questions with economic methods.

weakness: im such a perfectionist that i will not stop until a job is well done.

achievements: i had acquired the first prize by designing models on mathematical modeling in 20xx; besides, i had help my teachers to analyze the warrant pricing by varieties methods.

i’m convinced that i can go farther and make greater contribution for my country by careful process of learning, please give me this chance to study in this great university---××university! i promise, i will use my whole ability to improve myself and get the primary accomplishment in my major and do a useful man for our school!

personally, for todays china, the foundation of the development of economic is the advancement of transportation equipment. that’s to say, we should do our best to make contribution to improve our transportation equipment to ensure the development of economic. only when our transportation equipment is great enough, our economic can get big achievement.

译文：

早上好，我的名字是潘××22岁，出生在××省。很荣幸能有这个机会接受采访，我想回答你所提出的任何问题，我希望我今天能表现得很好!现在，我将简要介绍一下自己的三个方面：力量，弱点和成就!

力量：我觉得我最强的资产是我坚持把事情做好的能力。当我完成一项工作时，我感觉到了一种真正的成就感，而这正是我所计划的。我给自己定了一些高目标。例如，我想以高分毕业。最后，我成为一个在××大学优秀毕业生，很多研究后。另外，我善于用经济手段建立数学模型，分析问题。

缺点：我是一个完美主义者，我将不会停止，直到工作是做得很好。

成就：我曾在20xx年数学建模模型设计获得一等奖;此外，我帮助我的老师采用不同方法分析权证定价。

我相信我可以走的更远，使我国的学习仔细的过程中作出更大的贡献，请给我这个机会在这个伟大的大学---××大学研究!我保证，我将用我的全部能力来提高自己，并在我的主要成就，并为我们学校做一个有用的人!

就今天的中国而言，经济发展的基础是交通运输设备的进步。也就是说，我们应该尽我们最大的努力，为改善我们的运输设备，确保经济的发展做出贡献。只有当我们的运输设备足够大的时候，我们的经济才能取得巨大的成就。

各位评委各位同学大家晚上好!

首先做一下简单的自我介绍，我叫~~-~，来自信电~~班，(举例名字叫杨少峰，胡杨树的杨，代表我有胡杨树一样坚韧的品格，少年的少，代表我身上充满的少年的阳刚之气和活力，山峰的峰代表我渴望登上成功的顶峰)，我的直觉告诉我，像我这样的名字在不久的将来可能会出现在福布斯排行榜上。我平时比较喜欢打篮球我的人生格言：激-情成就梦想

我的创业口号是:employ yourself, enlighten your life——激-情创业，点燃梦想!

今天我演讲的题目是《激-情创业，点燃梦想》

我很佩服三种人，第一种是不甘平庸，不沉于安逸，一心想做出一番大事业并且不断为之而奋斗的人，如果你是这种人请举起一下手，我佩服的第二种人就是有激-情，有毅力无论遇到什么样的事都不会轻易放弃的人，我佩服的第三种人，就是有自信自己可以为自己鼓掌的人，如果您是这样的人，请为自己鼓一下掌。

好了，也许这三种人你都是，那么恭喜你，因为你一定可以成为一个成功的创业者

许多人都在问为什么工作这么难找?为什么现在大学毕业生就业如此困难?那么我可以告诉是因为中国缺少老板! 因为中国大学生中缺少创业者!因为中国大学生缺少创业的熏陶! 因为我们都想着努力去找工作而很少有人想着努力去为别人创造工作! 如果我们大学生都

只想着毕业以后努力去找工作而都不愿意去为别人创造工作，那又哪里来的那么的岗位呢?

也许将来的你找到一个好的工作，为了结婚你借款买了房，从此便开始了漫长的还贷人生。当机会来敲门时，也许你不在家，于是机会走了：也许你在家，但是一套沉重的房子压得你喘不过气来，结果机会还是走了.一套房子消灭一个梦想 ，这不是我想要的生活，我相信这也不是你们想要的生活。

俞敏洪曾经说过一个年轻人在三年之内没有想法，那么他这一辈子也就是这样子。的确对于有些人来说三年真的很快，但是对于一个创业者来说，在三年的光阴中，你会有巅峰和谷底，你会品尝到更多的酸甜苦辣，你的生命会更加有意义机会是自己创造的，成功总是属于那么一小撮人，为了成为这一小撮人，投身创业，开拓人生，让自己成为这一小撮人中的一分子。

要创业总得有个目标吧，下面简单介绍一下我的创业梦想。

当今世界能源十分紧缺，而我国的能源形势更是不容乐观，因此开发可再生性能源是一个很好的项目。可再生性能源开发与销售公司，这也是我的初步梦想，作为信电学院的一名学生我人为自己的创业方向还是比较符合自己的专业，我真的希望将来能有一天，信电的孩子们可以走进我的公司信电的孩子们不用再为了找工作而发愁。

1、政策支持，学校鼓励。近几年，国家实行了创新工程，进行了体制创新和技术创新。教育部门出台了政策和措施，支持和鼓励在校大学生休学励志创业，欢迎出国留学生回国励志创业。从去年起，高考也放宽了入学年龄和婚否的限制，许多大学也陆续实行了学分制，一些高校相继开展大学生励志创业活动，具备励志创业计划大赛，这些举措都为大学生投身励志创业创造了前所未有的有利条件。

2、知识密集，技术先进。大学生群体励志创业者文化程度高，所学专业技术与励志创业紧密结合，能够学以致用，在技术创新上独树一帜。被媒体称为“中国励志创业第一人”的杨锦方是第一个将励志创业计划大赛引入清华圆、引入中国的人，他注册和创办了“视美乐”公司用所学的计算机知识，为公司发展做出了贡献。

3、社会实践、奠定基础。很多大学生参加勤工俭学、到高新技术企业实习或打工活动，在实践中积累了初步经验，为大学生励志创业奠定了良好的基础。各高校经常举办的励志创业计划大赛、课外科技发明大赛等为大学生励志创业活动的开展注入了生机和活力。

一. 实习目的：

为了使自己更加深入了解英语在社会和实际工作中的应用，丰富已学过的专业课内容，培养理论联系实际的能力，提高在语言应用中分析问题及解决问题的实际能力。为了更好地为完成毕业论文打下基础，为了以后工作的顺利进行。通过实习，还应了解英语在外贸，及涉外和服务行业中的重要地位，了解和积累更多的实践经验，培养热爱专业，献身国家建设的思想。我们使用相关专业课教材，及实习单位提供的相关材料通过参与一个完整的笔译过程(资料,情报翻译)或口译过程(涉外接待,贸易谈判等), 使自己掌握和提高熟练使用英语的技能。

实习单位的介绍：

翻译公司是本市的一家经工商局审批注册的专为国内外各机构和个人提供专业翻译服务的企业。拥有各行业的专业翻译人员、高级审译顾问、外籍专家、审译人员、留学回国人员等组成的优秀工作团队。本公司坚持“以人为本”的指导思想，本着“团结拼搏,勇创一流”的精神，恪守“追求卓越 挑战极限”的原则，积极为焦作地区的经济、文化和对外交流与发展，作出我们应有的贡献。公司长期对外承接的翻译服务有：英、日、法、俄、德、韩、蒙、越南、阿拉伯、西班牙、意大利，等近40种语种与汉语不同形式的笔译，陪同口译，交替传译，同声传译等业务。涉及机械、化工、汽车、金融、文学等各个领域。我们实行的是“翻译—副译审—总译审”的三级质量管理体系。合理的翻译运作流程、严格的质量控制体系、独特的译员审核标准以及完善的跟踪回访服务是我们优质翻译的保证。我们始终信守诚实做人，踏实做事的原则。秉承“竭诚为客户服务”的宗旨，用我们的辛勤工作换来沟通无限和您的微笑。

二.翻译过程的基本环节与具体要求

(一)实际翻译程序可以归纳如下：

1.快速翻译，侧重文体。有些译者认为口述的译文更新颖、更流畅。但无论译者是口述、打字、还是手写，重要的是要使译文节奏流畅;

2.初稿应该保留约一周左右。这样，修订译稿时就可以获得全新的感受，排除翻译初稿时留在耳边的余音，更加客观地评估译文;

3.认真检查译文内容，特别着重译文的准确性和连贯性。删除不必要的增补词语和补充初稿中的疏漏。特别要注意关键概念在翻译上的一致性，理顺拗口的词句;

4.从文体上检查译文。其实，这一步骤应该反复进行多次。朗读译文是一个非常重要的办法，因为听觉对连贯性和节奏感方面的问题比视觉要敏锐得多;

5.检查译文拼写、标点符号和格式。有些译者错误地认为，对译文内容、文体和正字法这三方面的检查可以合并起来一次完成，这种看法是大错特错的。对译文上述三个方面的检查应该分别进行;

6.译文送交三审审阅。

(二)汉译英的具体要求：

1. 符合写作的一切规则

a) 格式要求

i. 拼写正确

ii. 标点正确(英语中不用汉语标点：英语无顿号、逗号是圆点，所有符号语汉语大小不同;逗号后面有空格，前面没有;英语标点和汉语没有必然对应关系)

b) 语法要求

i. 注意每个名词的单复数是否正确

ii. 注意时态是否正确

iii.人称和数是否照应

c) 词和句子的要求

i. 每个单词的意思准确、符合上下文需要

ii. 每个单词的搭配符合英语习惯

iii. 每个动词的句型符合英语习惯

iv. 每个介词的用法符合英语习惯

翻译的三个基本要求是“信”、“达”、“雅”。“信”要求忠实原文的内容和每个句子的含义，用现代汉语字字落实、句句落实直译出来，不得随意地增减内容。“达”要求翻译出的现代文要表意明确、语言通顺、语气不走样。“雅”要求用简明、优美、富有文采的现代汉语把原文的内容、形式及风格准确地表达出来。

(三)在翻译中遇到的困难及其分析：

基于翻译的具体要求，我还不能完全达到这种水平，虽然可以句句落实直译出来，做到不随意增减内容，但却做不到“达”的要求，翻译出的材料表意不明确，译不出原材料的那种语气，“雅”的要求更是离的太远，还有涉及到专业性的材料就会觉得一头雾水，不知从何下手，此翻彼翻都觉得不太贴切。

在中国青年报上看到这样一则消息：把“保税仓库”译为“保证税收的仓库”，“五四运动”成了“五四体育运动”……译文中国人看不懂外国人不明白——

“一个英语专业8级的大学毕业生，语法结构错误百出，认为‘小康’就是‘富有’，译文做成中英文字符的简单对应……”说起前两天来应聘翻译职位的一位大学毕业生的表现，北京一家翻译公司的负责人直摇头。其实，考试的题目并不是很难——一段关于“我国实行按劳分配制度，允许和支持一部分人通过诚实劳动先富起来”的100字左右的中译英试题。这家翻译公司的负责人说，像这样拿着英语专业8级证书，却当不了合格翻译的大学毕业生，并非极端个别的例子。现在合格的翻译太少了。

伴随着中国加入世贸组织，对外交流的日益频繁，翻译人才的缺口越来越大。业内专家表示，翻译市场巨大，合格翻译人才紧缺，学了外语就能当翻译的老观念该改一改了。

这则消息正说明了一个现实问题，我深有体会，我们在工作中翻译用词不准确，专业领域背景知识缺乏，写作水平又差，真觉得不能胜任翻译工作。把“数控发电机”译成“数字化发电机”，把“保税仓库”译为“保证税收的仓库”，这样的例子比比皆是。由于历史背景和专有名词的缺乏，单纯从字面意思出发，把“五四运动”中的“运动”直译为“Sport”(即体育运动)，这样的笑话也出了不少。由于自己的中文基础不扎实，词汇变化少，语言贫乏，翻译出来的东西语言不通顺。外语的学习则是从认知语言学起，我们掌握了大量的词汇、语法后，再串成句子连成段落。老师在讲述外语的过程中不可能一篇文章或一段话地讲解，学习效果很不地道。学完外语专业只能表示具备翻译行为，而并不具备职业翻译能力。换句话说，学完外语专业不是就能做翻译了。本科生在大学学习阶段，大多没有接触过系统的翻译课程训练，即使有翻译课程也是在大三下学期或大四才开课。没有平时的训练怎么能成为合格的翻译呢?由于高等教育的日益普及，本科教育已不是终端教育。学生在本科阶段主要打好语言基础，在研究生阶段进行集中翻译学习培训。专家普遍认为，要成为一名合格的翻译，需要在本科毕业后，用2至3年进行专门的翻译课程学习，在工作中磨练若干年，并学习相关的专业知识和术语等。

三.那么在以后的学习和工作中怎样才能做一名合格翻译呢，具体有一下几点需要注意：

1.扎实的语言基本功。一名优秀的译员应具备良好的英语修养和扎实的汉语基本功，掌握英汉两种语言的特点和互译规律，拥有快速、准确地遣词造句的能力。译员要有良好的语音基本功，掌握英汉两种语言基础，敏锐的听力，超常的词汇量，良好的语感，灵活的表达能力以及广阔语言文化背景知识。需要特别强调的是译员的听力理解能力,他是口译成败的一个关键因素，也是一名译员的综合语言和知识水平的反映。

2.广博的知识面。译员光有扎实的语言基本功是远远不够的。常常有译员因缺乏主题知识或百科知识而出现“卡壳”的现象。译员的接触面很广，接待的对象在职业、年龄、身份、阶层、志趣、爱好、生活习惯、民族性格、社会习俗、宗教信仰等方面都会有很大的差异，随时随地都有可能遇到各种话题。因此，译员必须掌握丰富全面的百科知识，例如专业常识、社会常识、法规政策常识、国际常识以及背景知识、国情地情、风土人情、名胜古迹、花草树木、昆虫动物等百科知识，拥有较高的文化修养，能上知天文、下通地理、博古通今，并熟悉各行各业，努力做一个“杂家”或“万事通”。

3.出众的记忆力。译员需要有非凡的记忆力，这一点是由口译工作的特点所决定的。首先，译员在口译过程中不可能有机会查阅词典和工具书，或请教别人，因此，译员必须记住大量的词汇(包括专业词汇)、成语、典故和缩略词等。其次，译员要把讲话人所讲的内容准确详尽地用另一种语言表达出来，也必须有相当好的记忆力。

4.口齿要清楚。

5.严谨的工作作风。

6.良好的心理素质。

四.实习收获及总结：

经过为期两个月的实习，我学到很多东西知道了翻译的具体过程和基本要求，了解到自己不足的地方，清楚了自己应向哪个方面努力。在实习期间从事大量中英文文字翻译，例如各种出国证明书(出生证明，亲属证明，成绩单等)，合同，财务报表，公司章程及法律文件。以后，我在学习上应理论联系实际，从点到面的全面学习，避免拿以前应付考试的态度来学习;在工作中应该实事求是，细心认真的独立完成自己的工作，并要培养与人协作的精神;在生活中就我个人而言应学会更好的与人相处和沟通，即将离开学校走入社会，我必须更好的完善自己的性格。

英语专业翻译方向论文开题报告

how to deal with ellipsis in english-chinese translation

i. purpose and significance

with the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. however, the differences between english and chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.

it is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in english-chinese rendition. translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.

according to the oxford advanced learner’s english-chinese dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. what could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.

some words and phrases are useless in chinese but necessary in english. articles in english are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. they are very important in english, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in chinese. ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic chinese. the paper will explore ellipsis in english-chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among china and english-speaking countries.

ii. literature review

long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. in china, xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the sanskrit sutras into chinese, but introduced the first chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand china’s ancient culture. meanwhile, he was the first to translate lao tses works into sanskrit. indian scholars had a high opinion of xuanzang, "in china, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that xuanzang is the first great translator."(ye lang, ) we can say that it was xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. then, some big countries such as america, china, and so on became a melting pot.(gu zhengkun, ) people have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.

with china’s entry into wto and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. a lot of foreign tourists come to visit china. while traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. sometimes, they even feel confused. a lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. all of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (ma zuyi, ). i am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. the love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. but every time when i have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.

communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. in order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. of course, translation is one of them. all translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(gu jinming, 1997) from my perspective, they really have done a great job. and i want to retrospect the cause of their development. after a thorough evaluation, i choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from english to chinese, then i did the following jobs.

i put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then i found that it is a common case in english and chinese which draws much academic interest. in 1976, halliday and hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. this classification exerts great influence in academic circle. thereafter, ellipsis in chinese and english has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. this kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in chinese and english.

another famous theory to explain ellipsis is economy principle. economy principle was put forward by chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his generate crammer. it maintains that language and linguistic study follow economy principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. this principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.

in this thesis, i think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. and in both english and chinese, people advocate brevity. shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). however, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(hua xianfa,)these functions distribute in both english and chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both english to chinese and chinese to english translation.

i found that when chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in english to chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. they consider that it is a common phenomenon that chinese always leave out personal articles. while it is obviously different in english that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. that is because when we translate from english to chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. however, it never happens in english. from this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into chinese.

in my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. however, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in china, and we have less influential chinese translators in the world. therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.

iii. feasibility analysis

this academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:

1.i have great interests in the way of english-chinese translation.

2.i have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .

3.i have collected enough references both chinese and western on ellipsis in

translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.

4.i have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.

5.i have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate english competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise english.

6.my instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject i havechosen.

iv. problems of the research and solutions

1. problems

despite the references i have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in english-chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. what’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in xinjiang, i will have to make full use of my present resources. also, this is the first time i have ever written such a serious academic paper. i am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.

2. solutions

(1) i shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the internet as well.

(2) i shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that i have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.

(3) when i have difficulties in the writing process, i shall consult my instructor and seek for help.

v. necessary conditions

1. our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.

2. the internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the internet.

3. i have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.

vi. outline

i. introduction

a. a brief introduction of ellipsis in translation

b. what should we pay attention to when dealing with ellipsis

c. the reason why ellipsis is so widely used in translation

1. chinese expressions are much briefer than that of english

2. english grammar is wee-knit and complete in sentence structure

ii. the principles of ellipsis

a. omitted words must be useless and unnecessary in the translated works

b. the meaning of the omitted words is implied in the test

c. omitted words which are self-evident

ш. the functions and applications of ellipsis

a. the coherence of the meaning of expression

b. the coincidence of the manner of expression

1. ellipsis of articles

a. ellipsis of definite articles

b. ellipsis of indefinite articles

2. ellipsis of prepositions

3. ellipsis of pronouns

a. ellipsis of personal and impersonal pronouns

b. ellipsis of indefinite pronouns

c. ellipsis of relative pronouns

4. ellipsis of conjunctions

a. ellipsis of coordinating conjunctions

b. ellipsis of subordinate conjunctions

5. ellipsis of rhetoric

a. ellipsis of repeated words

b. ellipsis of synonyms

Dear Mr. madam:

I am writing this letter to introduce my high school classmate in Beijing. He is now working for tech company. He will be transferred to the branch of your city next month.

Because this is his first time to work abroad， he may face many problems， especially housing.He wants you to help him find a suitable apartment.You have lived there for more than ten years， and you must be very familiar with it.I would appreciate it if you could help him find accommodation.

Thank you for your attention to this letter and hope to receive your reply as soon as possible.I am very grateful for the trouble.

亲爱的夫人：

我写这封信是为了介绍我在北京的高中同学，他现在**科技公司工作，下个月他将被调到您所在城市的分部工作。

因为这是他第一次到国外工作，所以他可能会面临很多问题，尤其是住房问题。他希望您能帮他参谋并找到一个合适的公寓。您在那里已经生活了十多年，对那里一定非常熟悉。如果您能帮他找到住处，我将非常感谢。

谢谢您对本信给予的关注，希望能尽快收到您的回复。烦劳之处，万分感激。

英语自我介绍范文带翻译：

I am very happy to introduce myself here。I was born in Liaoning Province。I graduated from Nankai University and majored in International Trade。 I like music and reaing books，especially economical books。 It is my honor to apply this job。 I hope I can realise my dream in our pany。Please give me a chance。Thank you very much

it is my great pleasure to introduce myself。i was born in LIAONING。 My major is international trade。 I was graduated in Nankai University。 My hobby lies in the music and reading， especially like economics。

i am glad that i can take part in this interview and i am sincerely hope that i can join this pany to realize my dream。 please give my a chance。 Thank you。

很高兴做自我介绍，我出生在辽宁，专业是国际贸易，毕业于南开大学，我的兴趣是音乐，读书，尤其是经济类的书。

很荣幸应聘贵公司，期望能在贵公司实现我的梦想，期望能给我一次机会，多谢。

1. I noticed that you advertised a job in this morning’s paper. 我看到你们在今早的报纸上刊登的招聘广告。

2. I’m coming for your advertisement for …. 我是来应聘你们广告上的……职位的。

3. I have applied for the position of …. 我申请了贵公司的……职位。

4. I haven’t done anything like that before. 我以前没有做过这种工作。

5. I think I’m quite fit for assistant’s job. 我觉得我很适合做助理的工作。

6. I used to work as a sale’s manager. 我以前做销售经理。

7. I’m quite familiar with editing. 我做过很多编辑工作。

8. I want a job with a vacation every year. 我想找个每年都能度假的工作。

9. I was thinking of a job in a school. 我打算到学校找份工作。

10. I worked in the accounting section of a manufacturer of electrical products. 我曾在电子产品制造商的会计组工作。

11. I have been for over five years in teh employ of an exporting company. 本人曾经前后五年被受雇于出口贸易公司。

毕业论文格式标准范文：基于关联理论的英语广告语的翻译策略分析

摘要：随着商业贸易和经济全球化的发展，广告翻译在国际交流中的重要作用日益凸显。作为翻译学中的一个分支，广告翻译有着它内在的规律，需要对它进行系统研究。论文试运用关联理论来分析英语广告语的翻译，目的是探索英语广告语翻译的实质，并且试图构建基于关联理论的翻译模式，来指导译者进行英语广告语汉译时灵活地选择翻译策略。

经过研究，本文认为英语广告语的汉译实质是语际间对广告语原文的明示推理阐释的过程，译者在广告语翻译中具有极其重要的作用，在翻译过程中负责两个推理过程:首先在原文语境中对广告主的交际意图进行推理并做出正确的理解;其次是通过对目的语读者的认知环境进行推理，而后将广告语原文转化为目的语文本。最后，本文提出了基于关联理论的翻译模式，将认知语境置于中心位置，指出译者在该模式指导下可以灵活地选择直译、意译或改译等翻译策略。

关键词：英语广告;广告翻译;关联理论;认知语境

引言

经济全球化的发展使得广告的作用日益显现，各企业必须依靠广告才能把他们的产品打入国际市场，因此广告翻译的作用也不言而喻。英语作为国际通行的主要语言，英语广告语的翻译显得更为重要。

翻译是一件复杂而有趣的工作，理查德说过：翻译或许是宇宙历史上最复杂的事情。①而广告语的翻译作为翻译学的一个分支，也是一件极其复杂的工作，并且有广告语的翻译也不同于其他文本的翻译。彼特纽马克认为英语广告语属于呼唤性文本的范畴，具有不同于其他文本的文体特征和文本功能(newmark,)。②叶长缨认为广告语具有不同的形式和功能，因此其翻译过程也是不同的。③它们不仅要求达到吸引读者的目的，而且还要激励和促使他们去购买商品。从这种意义上说，进行英语广告语翻译的深入研究是及时和必要的。国内外许多学者对英语广告语的翻译进行了大量的研究而且取得了一些成就。

中国的传统翻译强调基于严复“信达雅”和鲁迅的“宁信而不顺”理论的“信”，这些理论对于翻译有一定的指导作用，但它们主要适用于非文学作品的翻译，对于英语广告语的翻译并不适用。卡特福德的“文本对等”和奈达的“动态对等”理论对于指导翻译并未取得理想效果。另外，功能主义者所倡导的方法也未能对译者在翻译过程中的创造性翻译给出合理的解释。

上述学者的研究主要侧重于英语广告语翻译的策略和理论研究，很少有人关注英语广告语翻译的本质和过程。尽管有很多理论和技巧来技巧来指导广告语的翻译，但是这些理论和技巧并不完全适合于英语广告语的翻译。于是，探讨英语广告语的汉译是一项紧迫的任务。

因此需要一个更确切的理论来指导广告语的翻译。由斯波尔和威尔逊提出的“关联理论”顺应了这一要求。本文尝试以关联理论为指导来探讨英语广告语的翻译，试图发现英语广告翻译的实质，并且试图构建基于关联理论的翻译模式，来指导译者进行英语广告汉译时灵活地选择翻译策略。

广告及广告语

广告,简言之即是广而告之。一般可分为商业、社会和公共三类。我国《广告法》中指出广告是指商品经营者或服务提供者承担费用,通过一定媒介或形式直接或间接地介绍自己所推销的商品或所提供的服务的商业广告(commercial advertising)。④

广告语(slogans)也叫广告标语,广告口号等。它是为了加强消费者对企业,产品或服务的印象而在广告中唱起,反复使用的简洁,口号性的语句。它只在广大消费者中建立一种思想观念,引导和指引消费,同时它也是公司发展的号角。⑤

在国际市场中，广告语有着极其重要的作用。作为一种要被广泛使用,认同的语言表达方式,广告语与语用学(pragmatics)的关系显然是密不可分的,因为语用学是“study of language in use and linguistic communication”(胡壮麟,1988)。⑥换言之,在特定情景中的特定话语(何自然, 1988),⑦尤其是指在不同的语言交际环境下如何理解及使用语言。关联理论作为语用含义的内容之一,既可以很好地解释这种交际中的各种问题,又可以促使交际中隐含信息的成功传递。

关联理论与翻译

关联理论认为语言交际是一个认知过程，这个过程是靠明示推理来进行的，并受关联原则的支配。在交际每个交际行为都传递有最佳关联的假设，即说话者总是通过话语提供具有最佳关联的假设，话语理解则是一个通过处理话语找出最佳关联解释的推理过程。⑧

gutt发展了关联理论并将应用于翻译。gutt认为，翻译本质上是一种交际过程，这种交际涉及到原语交际者的意图和目的语读者的期望值。翻译的终极目标是译文与原文本的相关性。相关的原则是最大可能地使原语中交际者的意图与目的语的读者的期望值相匹配。⑨

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Hello everyone。

Now let me talk about myself。

My name is _____。I was born in _____。There are _____people in my family， my father is a _____， my mother is a _______。And as everyone know，Im a student。Everyone has his own interests。As for me，I like reading books，playing basketball，listening to the music and so on。Now today we are in the same class，I hope we will get on well with each other。Thanks。

大家好。

此刻让我来介绍一下我自我

我的名字叫______。我出生在_______。我家有_______口人，我的爸爸是一个________，我的妈妈是_______。那么就如大家所知，我当然就是一个学生了。每一个人都有他自我的兴趣。至于我，我喜欢看书，打篮球，听音乐等等。这天我们相聚在同一个教室，我期望我们将会相处愉悦。多谢大家。

to introduce myself(介绍我自己) hello,every one!(大家好)my name is __ . (我叫____)im a 15 years old boy. (我是一个15岁的男孩)(具体情况自己改) i live in the beautiful city ofrizhao.(我住在美丽的rizhao城)(你可以把rizhao

改成自己家乡的城市的名称的拼音)im an active ,lovely and clever boy.(我是一个活跃的可爱的聪明的男孩) inthe school , my favourite subject is maths . (在学校，我最喜欢数学) perhaps someone thinksits difficult to study well .(也许有些人认为这很难学)

but i like it.(但我喜欢他)i belive that if you try your best, everything can bedone well.(我相信每件

事付出努力就会有害结果)

i also like sports very much.(我也很喜欢运动) such as,running,volleyball and soon. (像跑步、排球等等)im kind-hearted.(我很热心)i hope we can be good friends!(我希望我们能成为好朋友)ok.this is me .a sunny boy.(好了，这就是我，一个阳光男孩) 首先要看你写信的性质。是官方而正式的书信?还是朋友间的通信?无论是哪一种，基本的英文书信格式应包括四大部分：日期，称呼，正文，和落款