毕业论文答辩的英语【实用20篇】

Now, look, I realize no one ever doubts I mean what I say, the problem occasionally is I say all that I mean. (Laughter.) I have a bad reputation for being straight. Sometimes an inappropriate times. (Laughter.) So here it goes. Let’s get a couple things straight right off the bat: Corvettes are better than Porsches; theyre quicker and they corner as well. (Laughter and applause.) And sorry, guys, a cappella is not better than rock and roll. (Laughter and applause.) And your pundits are better than Washington pundits, although I’ve noticed neither has any shame at all. (Laughter and applause.) And all roads lead to Toads? Give me a break. (Laughter and applause.) You ever tried it on Monday night? (Laughter.) Look, it’s tough to end a great men’s basketball and football season. One touchdown away from beating Harvard this year for the first time since 20xx -— so close to something you’ve wanted for eight years. I can only imagine how you feel. (Laughter.) I can only imagine. (Applause.) So close. So close.

But I got to be honest with you, when the invitation came, I was flattered, but it caused a little bit of a problem in my extended family. It forced me to face some hard truths. My son, Beau, the attorney general of Delaware, my daughter, Ashley Biden, runs a nonprofit for criminal justice in the state, they both went to Penn. My two nieces graduated from Harvard, one an all-American. All of them think my being here was a very bad idea. (Laughter.)

For your generation, there’s an incredible amount of pressure on all of you to succeed, particularly now that you have accomplished so much. You’re whole generation faces this pressure. I see it in my grandchildren who are honors students at other Ivy universities right now. You race to do what others think is right in high school. You raced through the bloodsport of college admissions. You raced through Yale for the next big thing. And all along, some of you compare yourself to the success of your peers on Facebook, Instagram, Linked-In, Twitter.

Today, some of you may have found that you slipped into the self-referential bubble that validates certain choices. And the bubble expands once you leave this campus, the pressures and anxiousness, as well -- take this job, make that much money, live in this place, hang out with people like you, take no real risks and have no real impact, while getting paid for the false sense of both.

But resist that temptation to rationalize what others view is the right choice for you -— instead of what you feel in your gut is the right choice —- that’s your North Star. Trust it. Follow it. Youre an incredible group of young women and men. And thats not hyperbole. Youre an incredible group.

时光荏苒，四年弹指一挥间。扪心自问，我们在大学里究竟学到了什么?也许是一些比较专业但仍未完全理解的知识，也许是一些为人处事的道理，但我觉得归根结底，我们收获的是精神，是敢于面对的精神，是开拓进取的精神，是永不放弃、不达目的誓不罢休的精神。

入学时参加了严格的军事训练，虽苦虽累，但柔弱的身体和稚嫩的心灵确实亟需注入这么一种坚持到底的精神，有准备地迎接各种未知的困难。韩国足球队就是凭借顽强的拼搏精神和意志力弥补其他方面的不足，赢得世人的尊敬。对于我们，缺了这种精神，终会一事无成。

在校期间，丰富多彩的活动等着我们去参与，新奇有趣的创意等着我们去畅想。我们需要有热情参与的精神，敢于表现的精神，让舞台不再只属于别人，给自己的生活多添一些色彩。

有了精神，便有了勇气，便有了自信，我们才能拥有正确的态度，才能在任何复杂的情形下保持清醒，继续对学习执着地追求，对前途勇敢地探索。

态度塑造性格

明天我们是否还会想起曾经的单纯与可爱，早起占座、通宵达旦，校园各处记录了我们忙碌的身影，响亮的口号、整齐的服装，运动场上荡漾着我们的笑语欢声。

不知不觉中我们培养起了积极的学习和生活态度，让时间得到了扩展，生活更加具有弹性。以什么样的态度准备考试，以什么样的态度面对挫折，以什么样的态度评判对错?我们需要一把尺子，常常衡量自己，为所有的迷茫指引正确的出路。

学院的领导、辅导员及授课老师们经常向我们灌输做人的道理，只是有时不经意、不耐烦而多走了许多弯路，这是成长所必须付出的代价，之后才会慢慢走向成熟。

我们在端正自己态度的同时也慢慢塑造着性格，让自己融入集体，拒绝因性格上的缺陷而被束缚手脚。

性格铸就成功

人们一般失去后才会懂得珍惜，所以即将分别之际，十分留恋那些美好的回忆。无论是班会、团活上的开心热闹，还是寝室内部的海阔天空，这种快乐，即便之前未留意过，但在此时相信每个人都深有感触。

集体生活让独生子女们懂得谦虚、大度、礼让、合作。作为不同的个体，思想上的融合需要一个时间过程及每个人的努力。朝夕相处，使每个人都意识到自身的弱点，这样就可以通过互补来完善性格，性格上的优势可将优点最大程度地发挥出来。

作为步入社会的前奏，大学里同样充斥着一些诱惑，一旦把持不住便会堕落。同学间有责任互相鼓励，互相帮助，自身优秀是一种品质，带动周围的人共同优秀则是一种境界，所以在大学里不仅能独善其身，还能乐助他人的学生更有可能铸就整个人生的成功。

多希望有机会大学生活重新选择，多希望美好难忘的瞬间在此刻定格。遗憾总会有的，正因为我们曾经精彩过，伤感总会有的，正因为我们曾经快乐过。抹去泪水，微笑着离别，送别人鼓励，给自己加油。

从容淡定，我们笑看美丽人生;青春无悔，我们奔向似锦前程。

时光的流水潺潺流经我生命中重要而美好的一千多个日子，冲淡了我经历过的快乐与不快乐，冲淡了我心中那一张张熟悉而陌生的脸，但沉沉的一份份情谊却慢慢积淀下来，稳稳地压在我的心上，让我不再焦灼，不再烦躁，闲时能静静品尝那些温馨的甜。

当我有一天忽然发现我不想长大的时候，我好恐慌。我开始疯狂地留恋纯真，疯狂地拒绝伪装。我讨厌看到大街上步履匆匆的那些伪善的脸。也许每个人都不愿意伪装本真的自己，可是出于保护自己的本能，我们在长大的同时也会为自己戴上一层一层的假面具，为什么呢？没有为什么！谁也不会懂！突然想到黛玉，“质本洁来还洁去”――或许太高尚了吧。

我奔跑在大街上，从那些令人作呕的假面具间疯狂地寻找一张让我感到温暖的脸，可我寻找了几千年，也没有找到我想要的繁花似锦和地老天荒。只有心底那一千多个日子里埋下的温暖的种子在慢慢发芽、静静等候。

形形色色的红男绿女群魔乱舞吓坏了我，闪耀的霓虹刺伤了我的双眼，巨大的广告气球阻挡了我的视线。悲哀从心底生起，所谓魔由心生，我踉跄回到属于我的地方。

一个不想长大的人被迫着长大，在不可遏制的成长过程中，总有一丝痛苦。时光的洪流将我席卷，在时光的罅隙中再也找不到永恒。十八岁――站在成熟的边缘――让我再不相信永远，却相信一定能在梦中找到明天。

风沿着墙角奔跑，一路的香樟树，一路的笙歌，春深似海。浸泡在物欲的世界，我的信仰在哪里？明天――哀伤并激情着！当我孤独的时候觉得整个世界都抛弃了我，但我知道，我还有希望，我还有梦，我还有你们！感谢上苍让我们相遇相识。我要感激爱我的人，让我体验被呵护被惦念的温暖；我也要感激我爱的人，让我感受到关心别人的幸福乐趣。最需要你的人不是能感受到你在的人，而是能感受到你不在了的人。我会珍惜上天赐给我的一切缘起缘灭。

其实朋友之间最珍贵的莫过于共同的经历和记忆，那些点点滴滴都深深浅浅地铭刻在我的心中。在一起的时候常常不在意，分开以后却倍感珍贵。我们有过几多欢笑、几多泪水，几分激情、几分颓废，一场游戏一场梦、几分伤心几分痴。我们快乐过、悲伤过，一样一样都被珍藏在我心中那个世外桃源般的角落，它们在那里生根发芽，然后带给我一秋的果实。生活总有太多的如意与不如意，我们都不需回避，由于我们应该珍惜生活赠予我们的点点滴滴。收藏点滴，等到我们垂垂老去，还会比别人多一份烙着年轻印记的财富，彼此多一份难舍的甜蜜回忆！

梁朝伟，林韦君，萧亚轩，李煜，李清照，李商隐，nokia，理查德？；克莱德曼，百年孤独，宋词，……三年来，喜欢上许多东西，遗忘了许多东西。好像在海边拣贝壳，捡满了一筐，看到更漂亮的，唯有丢弃一些陈旧的罢了。

我最大的缺点就是太敏感、易伤感、想得太多，但我有个最大的优点就是今天的不快明天就能忘掉，开开心心过新的一天。我的梦想是能和一位志同道合的投缘的人像古时隐士一般寻找一个静谧安宁的地方修行，赏玩琴棋书画古玩玉器，那将是多么惬意愉快的生活。在没有更好的人选之前，我想和她一起去。我喜欢修行的地方――庙宇、道观、教堂――有一种避世的感觉――那种庄重感好像看透人的灵魂，让我全身心投入，周身得到净化，洗去了心中所有杂念和恋恋不舍的身外之物，找回最初的人性和自己。我佛慈悲，眷顾我，让我在物欲横流的今天有这份内心最真的宁静。

长大吧，我不再惧怕成长，毕竟在所难免，就让它快些来吧，我们终究有一天会成熟，像熟了的果子挂在枝头。诱人，不是吗？

当我们不能再撒娇了的时候，当我们不能再随心所欲为所欲为的时候，当我们抱着宝宝听他们呀呀学语的时候，当我们细数父母头上的白发潸然泪下的时候，我们成熟的季节就终于来临了。到那时候，我们等待的冰雪都消融了吧，我们等待的花儿都盛开了吧！等我们渐渐把风景都看透，就去看看那细水长流吧。

时间能验证一切，她证明一切承诺，拆穿一切谎言。好多以为自己一辈子都不会忘记的事情就在那些念念不忘中被遗忘了。

我们都长大了，我们都要分别了。高中毕业就真的各奔东西了，不知何时才能再见面，相见时还能不能道一声：你好吗？认识你真的很好！

越开心就越伤感，越笑就越想流泪。这就是高中毕业拥有最真切的感觉吧。我希望改变，却又那么深切地害怕改变。我渴望独自生活，却又那么深切地害怕离开。由于我害怕不但不能久而弥香，反而要面对“物是人非”的结局。

记下这点点滴滴，用心珍藏，直到有一天，我们能有资本对着天空大声喊：我们曾经这样美好过！

朋友，在落英缤纷的季节，在你抬头低头的笑容间，我的泪水滑过，珍重，我在心中轻声道。

有关英语专业毕业论文开题报告范文

论文最好能建立在平日比较注意探索的问题的基础上，写论文主要是反映学生对问题的思考， 详细内容请看下文英语专业毕业论文开题报告范文。

1 introduction

the intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of descriptive translation studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.

since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. from then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence. among these schools is descriptive translation studies (dts).

dts approaches translation from an empirical perspective. translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.

my attention was first directed to dts by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. the subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.

the method of dts is basically descriptive. the prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned. translation phenomena are noted down. with accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice. i will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis.

a convenient tool has been set up to conduct dts. norm is operative at every stage of description and explanation. function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies. translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm.

the case taken in this thesis is the chinese classic the dream of red mansions. two english versions translated respectively by yang hsien-yi and david hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation approaches.

in this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, i hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of dts.

2 outline

2.1 development and major concepts of dts

in this part i will describe holms’ basic map of dts and the relationship between function, process and product. i will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudo-translation, multiple translation, translationese, norm etc.

2.2 methodolgy

i will in this part discuss the methodology of dts before i apply the same to the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept norm.

2.3 dts in contrast to other theories

a contrast study will be conducted here with the objective to find the difference of dts from other theories such as equivalence theory and the chinese xin da ya criteria. some advantage will possibly be shown in this study.

2.4 case study

in this part, translation of the dream of red mansions (also translated as the story of the stone) will be under investigation in light of dts. translation samples to be quoted here will be selected at random.

2.5 conclusion

based on the above elaboration of dts and the case study, possible conclusion will be on the advantage of dts in specific study of translation. suggestions on further research efforts will be made also.

(note: while the topic will remain the same, the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the process of writing.)

On behalf of our proud trustee, our esteem faculty, our distinguished alumni, our devoted families and our unparalleled friends gathered here and across the globe virtually, I welcome you to this very special moment in time. Today, we continue a 265- year-old tradition that binds us with a sense of pride and hope and of deep and never-ending curiosity.

We initiate those who are committed to a world of openness and debate, who have learned the power of discovering the unknown and who have accepted the great responsibility that comes with acquiring knowledge into a community steadfastly poised to shape our world for the better. At the end of our time together today, joining a legacy of those who have come before them, we will have a new class of alumni representing 16 distinct schools along with affiliated institutions of Teacher’s College and Bernard college.

The potential for trouble is palpable. And as we explore the profound meaning of this moment, there is one special part of our community deserves unique recognition. Graduates, as much as we, your faculty, feel deep, deep affection for you, nothing can compare to the pure, unqualified adoration of your parents and families, though you will never be able to express fully the infinite gratitude I know you feel, please take this opportunity to thank them.

For my remarks today, I have three parts. I want to talk about the idea of the academy, about the enemies of the search for truth and about what we are to do.In awarding you the degrees in your respective field, we recognize your academic accomplishment and now acknowledge your expertise in some area of study. But you are now also an expert in higher education in America, simply by virtue of your presence and deep engagement with this little world over the past several years.

英语本科生的毕业总结例文

大学3年，通过社会实践和担任班上干部让我在综合素质方面有了长足的进步。除了学到过硬的专业知识外，在组织协调能力、适应能力，沟通能力、管理能力方面有较大的提高.并在活动中形成了自己强烈的责任心、使命感，和敢于吃苦耐劳的精神!我努力把理论知识运用到实践中去，多次参加社会实践活动，并从中积累了一定的工作经验，使自己具备良好工作技能和心理素质。

能熟练运用office办公软件，能建立简单的数据库.此外，我还扩展了自己的知识面和业余爱好，学习了酒店管理，旅游等方面的知识。

自信、诚实、真诚、热情，是我的人生态度;敬业，严谨，是我的工作态度。

本人开朗大方,善于交际,与人沟通.做事认真负责,对工作的积极性高,做事讲效率,是很一个很守时的人.喜欢交一些有上进心,能与人共事合作的朋友.较强的组织能力,管理能力.本人善于交际

英语教育毕业总结范文(三)

学习能力较强，工作勤奋务实，态度认真负责，爱岗敬业，细心耐心，表达和沟通能力较好，乐观自信，拼博进取。

大学期间我学习更加勤奋优异，四年中，所有各门课程平均成绩达86分，-连续四年学习成绩第一，并获校级一等奖学金及其奖状，三好学生奖状，成为入党积极分子，获得英语四级，六级考试合格证书，教师资格证，普通话证，计算机国三网络技术，贰级vf合格证书，国家励志奖学金，助学金。英语专业四级第一次55分的成绩，第二次57分的成绩。专八刚考过，考得还行。作为英语专业师范生，我学习了英语专业课程，英语教学法，教育学，教育技术，心理学，普通话，计算机等重要课程，使我较好地掌握了英语师范生应有的知识和技能。

进行了许多实践。课余时积极参加各种活动，每年都进行英语家教带班使我教了小学到高中各个阶段，对教育有了更深的了解。我的实践能力和各方面综合素质得到了锻炼和提高。在大庆第三中学进行长期实习，锻炼和增长英语教学经验和知识技能，得到了师生的好评。

善于并多次做过powerpoint课件制作和教学作品设计，参加教师技能比赛， 英语演讲大赛，英语歌曲及简笔画和征文活动。

参加各种实践活动，养成了良好的组织能力和团结协作精神。

英语教育专业毕业总结范文(四)

i am active, optimistic , associable, energetic , responsible , ambitious , independent and creative and so on .

as my major in english education,i can communicate with foreigner fluently , proficiently in using computer , to understand the simple japanese . skillful in communication ,friendly with the relationship of human .

i’d very much appreciate the chance to give me, i will work hard to repay the company which will be give me the job chance, actions speak louder than words!any time is at my convenience to go to work。

英语教育毕业生毕业总结范文(五)

三年的师范生活里，我脚踏实地，努力练习教师基本功，特别对“三字一话”的基本技能尤为重视，通过努力，我顺利通过了全国普通话等级考试，并以优异成绩获得了二级乙等证书。在大学期间，我积极参加有关专业方面的学习活动。例如参加“英语五项全能比赛”，并获“说”单项三等奖;参加英语演讲比赛，获得三等奖。我还通过书刊网络等媒介涉猎各方面的知识，不断扩充知识面，并以口语部分满分的好成绩通过了全国英语等级三级考试，国家计算机水平测试。

Of course, some people say defending the indefensible is just politics as usual, but I don’t accept that – and I hope you won’t, either.

When extreme partisanship replaces reason, logic, facts and data, the country suffers – and special interests win. I’ve seen it time and time again, on issue after issue: gun violence, education, public health, and even one that threatens life as we know it: climate change.

Yesterday, I stood with WashU’s next chancellor, Andrew Martin, and the president of Ohio State University to announce that Bloomberg Philanthropies will help sponsor the first-ever climate summit of Midwestern universities next year right here on this campus.

We were joined by your mayor here, Lyda Krewson, because St. Louis, and WashU, has never…has always been a real leader on climate change.

Last year, this city was one of the winners of a climate competition my foundation ran. And we are now providing about $2.5 million of resources to help St. Louis increase energy efficiency and expand solar power – a goal that WashU is helping the city to achieve. Thank you very much.

Over time, our great research universities drive human progress. They lay the foundation of life as it can be, more than capitalism, more than government policy. In life, personal and social ideals are everything or almost everything, and universities are all about ideas, so it works.

That is, it works provided certain conditions outside the academy are maintained. Universities are not invulnerable to the actions beyond their borders and they depend for their vitality on the societal respect for and commitment to what we do

Now, the enemies of the search for truth. What is important to realize is that the ideals that define the academy and guide the activity pursued herein, just like the primary freedoms we live in, do not come easily. They are in fact often counterintuitive. The embrace of freedom necessarily means you must accept a certain degree of unconformable disorder and even seeing chaos and sometimes unnerves the best of us.

There are many wise people who have commented on this fact of life. My favorite is a great justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., who is setting forth the first articulation of the modern first amendment jurisprudence noted that the choice the openness required for the search for truth runs against human instinct. He bluntly explained how the impulse to persecute those we disagree with is actually quote “perfectly logical, given the natural wish to believe what we want to believe.”

一眼间，六年的时光就要结束了，我将要与我尊敬的老师，亲爱的同学分离了，我是多么舍不得啊！

朋友是琴，演奏一生的美妙；朋友是茶，品味一生的清香；朋友是笔，写出一生一世的快乐；朋友是歌，唱出一辈子的温馨；只有朋友最珍贵！刘晨东同学是我最好的朋友，我永远也不会忘记他。一次，我和他正在打篮球，他抢球时不小心抓了我的脸一下，血便流了出来，刘晨东他像脱缰的野马向学校的小卖部奔去，买了两片创可贴，然后拿出一片创可贴小心翼翼的给我贴在伤口上，又把另一片创可贴放在我的手上。霎时，我的心头涌上了一股暖流，我知道刘晨东是我永远的好朋友，我与他无法分离。

以前在上课的时候，我的脑子一直惦记着外面美丽、宽阔的操场、同学们玩得欢悦的笑声，根本没有在听老师讲课。我没呆一件课，就感觉好像在“牢房”里呆上了一年，我好想下课后向操场奔去，去跟同学们嬉戏打闹，而每次老师教导我，我却根本不在意。现在回想起来，当初我浪费了许多黄金宝贵的时间。如果时光能倒流，我多想认真地听老师讲着津津有味的课。现在我即将于老师分离，我是多么不舍啊！

老师们用爱心在浇灌着我，传授给我丰富的知识，想我的亲人一样的爱护我。老师，您是春雨，染绿了世界，而自己却无声的消失在泥土之中。老师，您就是滋润我们心田的春雨，我们将永远感谢您。让我与您的师情如春天的细雨永驻您的心间！同学们给了我很多的快乐，就像我的兄弟姐妹一样的在暗中支持我、帮助我。同学，我们童年的脚印留在校园的小路上，笑语欢歌留在花坛的馨香中……母校得每个角落，都珍藏着我们的友情，播种着我们的梦想。让我们的友情如温暖的春风永驻你的心田！

本科英语毕业论文(设计)开题报告范例

Proposal for BA Thesis

I.Title: A Study on the Differences of Topics and Subjects in English and Chinese

II. Introduction

Chinese grammar system, in one sense, is basically an imitation of western grammar systems. But when we put into pratice , many Chinese grammarians have found that the rules of the westernized languages do not hold water. Therefore, many disputes and controversies have arisen,especially the differences of Topics and Subjects in English and Chinese . It is necessary to combine the traditional research on Chinese grammar with the contemporary western theory of grammar, so that it can help our Chinese grammar research joint the mainstream of Linguistics worldwide and bring the two way together---try to find the universal grammar. We believe that, the process in conformity is not always Smooth and pleasant, but the results are supposed to benefit China and the world finally .

III. Literature Review

Subject and topic as two basic concepts in modern Linguistics , their relationship is considered as the crucial research project and heated topic in Linguistics.

1, Subject is originated form the western grammar systems . In general linguistics , many scholars are trying to give a current concept to subject . According to the research on all kinds of languages around the world , Keenan(1976) summerized the grammatical,semantic and textual features that subject has . The following are conclusion Trask(1993:266) made from all kinds of documents including Keenan(1976) (参见石毓智，2019):

Subject is the noun phrase that probably has the most prominent feature in syntactic relation in sentence. Subject has all kinds of features in grammar, syntatics and text , mainly consisting of:

1 Subject represents independent substance;

2 Subject restricts the co-reference in sentence, including pronoun, reflexive pronoun and null anaphor;

3 Subject restricts the agreement in verbs;

4 Subject is the topic with no mark;

5 Subject can be questioned by interrogative pronoun,and also can be focused.

6 Subject is usually lack of morphological markers.

7 Subject is ususlly considered as the actor of unmarked structure.

His conclusion may be more suitable to describe the characters of western languages . Concerning Chinese, part of the descrition fail to reflect the linguistic fact in Chinese. For example, Trask thought that subject is the topic with no mark . He neglected of pragmatic feature of topic . Because we can’t confirm whether the subject is equal to the topic in a single sentence. And he also thought that subject is ususlly considered as the actor of unmarked structure, which is not accord to the fact in our Chinese .As in Chinese , not only actor, but also patient, instrument, timing and location can act as subject in sentence.

2 , In 2019, Shi Yuzhi tried to conclude about the subject ’s characteristers in form in Chinese. His conclusion is as followed :

The form of the subject can be placed both in subordinate clause and sentence.

Subject can be focused.

Subject can be questioned by interrogative pronoun.

And its semantic characters are :

Subject is the actor of behavior act.

Subject is the main body of nature and state.

Shi thought that the main difference butween subject and topic is that subject is the ingredient of grammatical structure while topic belongs to the discourse concept. The former one can be put into sentence and subordinate clause; the latter only can stay in sentence aspect. But his method to distinguish subject to topic seems to be a bit vague.As in Chinese, there is a kind of sentence in unusual order, for example: “书小王看完了”. In Shi’s opinion, that is a topic structure for it can not be placed in a clause. But in fact, it belongs to a classical subject-predicate sentence. “书” is either the subject, or the topic.

3 , Since Zhao Yuanren introduced ‘topoc’ into our grammar study in Chinese , the scholars in Chinese home and abroad keep going with research on topic . Li Na & Thompson are the representatives on this issue. They’ve done a systematic contract to subject and topic. They said that topic means what is about in the sentence while subject is what the verb predicates; topic can not be indefinite and generic but subject can ; topic have to appear at the front of a sentence while subject is allowed to appear in the sentence; there always be a pause between topic with other parts of a sentence.But in Chinese , it is not necessary that the topic appear at the front of a sentence. For example: “老师，这件事让我来处理吧。” In this sentence, “这件事” is the topic ,but it doesn’t appear at the front of a sentence.

4 , It is generally accepted that subject is a concept of syntactic structures while topic belongs to Pragmatics . But Xu Liejiong & Liu Danqing(1998) didn’t . In their thesis, they consider topic as a ingredient of syntactic structures. Just like suject and object , the topic also share a position in a sentence. As an independent ingredient , each of them should has its own position and can not be overlapped. Then, let’s analyze this following sentence “小张不来了。”. “小张” is the subject and topic at the same time. subject and topic have been overlapped, so it doesn’t work to consider topic as an ingredient of syntactic structures.

5 Qu Chengxi(1996), as a specialist of functional grammar, thought that if one only adopt his own theory when he is doing research on Chinese grammal , he will always feel impractical. We should try to appreciate other’s thinkings or even accept them if available and no conflict arisen. And I think his opinion is quite fit to grammar study on Chinese.

IV. Methods and Materials

Through reading materials from library and the Internet, I’ve acknowledged much about subject and topic in Chinese and English and their differences . Many scholars have defined the subject and topic in many different angles, such as the form, cognition,function and so on. I prefer to study subject and topic from functional grammar than from the others. At the same time , it will be basic on cognition and communication.

V. Discussion

Guided by the literature review, there is a point we should make sure, subject is a concept of syntactic structures while topic belongs to Pragmatics whatever our research goals are and from different angles. At the same time , we have to accept that Chinese is a language that is lack of morphological change and is very difficult to distinguish subject from topic. So when we are doing this kind of research , we should try our best to define it clearly ,especially formally.

VI. Outline of the Paper

1. Introduction

2.Subject and topic in English

2.1Subject in English

2.1.1 Dispute over subject in English

2.1.2 Definition of subject in English

2.1.3 Choice of subject and its semantic role

2.2Topic in English

3. Subject and topic in Chinese

3.1Subject in Chinese

3.1.1Importance of subject to Chinese

3.1.2 Choice of subject and its semantic roles

3.2Topic in Chinese

4. A Comparison between Chinese and English

4.1 Subject in Chinese and English

4.2 Topic in Chinese and English

5. Conclusion

VII. References

[1]曹(Cao)逢甫主题在汉语中的功能研究[M]. 北京: 语文出版社, 1995: 36

[2]屈(Chu)承熹. 汉语认知功能语法[M].黑龙江: 黑龙江人民出版社，2019:2~5 .

[3]屈(Chu)承熹. 汉语功能语法刍议[J]. 世界汉语教学. 1998,4:28-42

[4]屈(Chu)承熹. 从汉语的焦点与话题看英语中的Y-Movement及其它倒装句[J]. 外语学刊. 1993.3

[5]石(Shi)毓智. 汉语的主语与话题之辨F[J]. 语言研究. 2019, 43(2): 82-91.

[6]徐(Xu)烈炯&刘(Liu)丹青. 话题的结构与功能[M].上海: 上海教育出版社, 1998: 43

[7]袁(Yuan)毓林. 话题化及其相关的语法过程[J]. 中国语文. 1996, 4

[8]张(Zhang)伯江&方(Fang)梅. 汉语功能语法研究[M]. 南昌: 江西教育出版社, 1996

Part of the genius of this system of universities involves adding you into the mix. It is the combination of brilliant scholars who dedicate their lives to exploring what we know, might know and must know about all the things in the universe, who work daily at the edge of accumulated human knowledge, sheltered by the principle of academic freedom, guided by the norms of scholarly temperament, working within the decentralized governance structure of the University. Together with the most brilliant and curious youth brought in from all over the world, to whom we teach everything we know so that they can go on with their lives and know even more.

It is all this that creates the utterly unique context of the modern research university and that unites the exhilarating intertwined ambitions of scholarship and teaching. The structure and functioning of these institutions are unique, no other organization has ever been designed in these ways, nor would it seem to anyone sensible to do。

From the outside, all look ungovernable. From the inside, and I can singularly attest to this, it is ungovernable, and it works and fabulously so.

Over the course of the 20th, and now the 21st centuries, virtually every new discovery of significance emanated from our academic research institutions which now number in the hundreds.

My friend, Our distinguished alumnus Warren Buffet likes to say that the American system operates with a secret sauce that has brought this nation to the pinnacle of human success in maximizing the welfare of its people, but that secret sauce begins with the knowledge created right here.

英语论文格式（毕业论文撰写手册）

毕业论文撰写手册 一、论文撰写的目的 毕业论文是高职高专大学生专科学业要求的一部分，目的是使学生在教师的指导下，通过进行文献检索、资料整理、问题分析、论文写作等活动，初步掌握科研的基本方法和学术论文的写作方法、培养独立进行科学研究和英文写作的能力。 二、毕业论文的基本要求 专科毕业论文要求学生对英美文学、英语语言学或商务英语领域中的某一方面有全面的了解，对某一问题进行归纳分析，并用英语正确得体的表述和论证，表明自己的确已经较好的掌握本专业的基础理论专业知识和基本技能，并具有从事英语或商务英语翻译工作或实际工作的初步能力。毕业 论文应在老师指下由学生本人独立完成。 专科毕业论文正文部分应不少于3000字，不超过4000字，引文不超过论文正文的30%。论文写作的参考文献应不少于10本或（篇）。论文用a4复印纸打印，正文用宋体小4号字，标题用楷体3号字， 三、撰写的步骤与方法 专科论文的写作一般由选题文献检索与资料整理撰写提纲起草论文教师批改修改定稿等步骤组成。具体做法是 (一)选题 撰写论文的第一步就是确定一个恰当的题目，然后围绕选题进行其他各项工作。在各自导师的指导下进行选题。 选题共分三个方向，即：英美文学、英语语言学和英汉翻译学。附录1提供了三个方向的部分参考选题，考生可从中选择，也可根据自己的实际情况另选题目。 1. 选题原则 应根据自己的所学专业来确定； 避免选择过偏、过窄、过于生僻的题目。 2. 选题注意事项 选题应该有意义，有新意，观点正确、明确； 选题应在个人能力可及范围之内； 确定选题之前，对该选题所涉及的资料有充分的了解； 通过对该选题论证和分析，能得出较客观公正的结论。[1][2][3][4]下一页

英语毕业论文致谢怎么写

英语专业毕业论文( thesis)一般被视为该专业学生所写的第一篇正规学术性论文，论文写作中的每个部分对该专业学生来说都是十分重要的，当然，“致谢”(acknowledgements)也不例外。学术性论文中的“致谢”是指作者以书面形式对帮助鼓励过自己完成论文的人所表示的谢意，它是论文的有机组成部分，一般置于题名页( title page)之后，独立成篇、单另成页。“致谢”不仅能反映论文的写作背景及作者学术的严谨态度和道德，而且在一定程度上还能反映作者的学术水平。然而在指导学生论文写作的过程中，笔者发现，不少学生难于写好“致谢”。

一、问题与分析

学生论文“致谢”写作时存在的问题主要表现在以下三个方面。

1.对象不明。例如:

i am grateful tomy parents， without their support， i cannotfinish my thesis. i am also thankful to all my classmates andteachers， without their encouragement， i cannotgetdown towri?ting the thesis. and finally iwant to thank the foreign languagesdepartmentof university forprovidingme a computer to typeand print outmy thesis.

从对象分析，该“致谢”尽管提到了父母、同学和老师，但排名先后顺序不当，而对导师(supervisor)的指导却只字不提。

看来，学生还不清楚“致谢”的主要对象应该是谁。

2.文体混乱。例如:

itwas really a laborious task to accomplishmy thesis. manypeople gaveme support and help in the process ofwriting the pa?per. i’d like first to givemy gratitude tomy dear teacher， pro.f who generously gaveme her kind help and instructions dur?ing thewhole process ofmy paper-writing. then i’d like to givemymany thanks tomy classmateswho helpedme a lotwithmy in?formation collecting and paper-polishing.

从文体上分析，此“致谢”混用了正式文体和非正式文体。

如laborious， gratitude属正式文体语言，短语a lot和缩合词i’d属非正式文体语言。另外在此用dear teacher来表示“导师”也不当或欠妥。可见学生尚未掌握“致谢”写作的文体。

3.内容牵强。例如:

iwould like to thankmy supervisor， mrs. who helpedme draw an outline of the thesis and correctmy mistakes in thethesis. also iwant to thank allmy teachers. i learned a lot fromthem， notonly the knowledge butalso theworking attitude. more?over， i thankmy classmates aswel.l during the studywe becamegood friends， and spenthappy time. and finally i am grateful tomy parents， without their support， i cannotaccomplishmy study.

从内容来看，本“致谢”除第一句外，其他句子都与撰写论文无关，这表明学生不知道“致谢”内容实质是什么。

二、解决对策

在对以上所存在问题的分析过程中，笔者对论文“致谢”的写作也进行了一些研究。《英语科研论文写作概要》一书中这样指出:“in western academic circles， there are strict con?ventions aboutwhat should be put in such an acknowledgement，and theway in which it should be written.”[1]由此可见，“致谢”写作是有一定规定的，因循惯例是关键，也是解决“致谢”写作问题的对策。具体对策有以下三点:

1. 明确“致谢”的对象

《英语科研论文写作概要》一书中还指出:”generallyspeaking， thanks are rendered only to those who have helped thewriter academically….”[2]。具体说来，“致谢的对象是在研究过程以及在论文的写作过程中、对作者的研究和成文起了一定的指导、帮助、支持和鼓励作用的人员。”[3]由此看来，英语专业学士学位论文“致谢”的对象应主要是对论文进行指导的导师，同时包括对论文提出过建议或意见的教师、同学和朋友，以及对论文写作提供具体帮助的机构和关心论文的作者家人等。

2. 采用“致谢”写作的文体

“毕业论文或学士论文是一种研究性论文( research pa?per)。它的语气、格调和格式不同于非正式文体……毕业论文是一种正规作文，必须遵循正规作文的规范。”[4]英语毕业论文属研究性论文，在写作上理应采用正式文体，“致谢”的文体也在其中，包括宜用学术性词汇、采用单个动词、使用单词的全拼形式、多用平行句子。例如:i also extend my sincere gratitude to professor for hisconstant support throughoutmywork on this thesis and forhis in?formed guidance and advice.

本句中使用的学术性词汇有extend， sincere gratitude和informed guidance，这些词汇的使用可使“致谢”严谨、庄重。

i am most grateful to my supervisor professor withoutwhose support and patience this thesiswould not have been com?pleted.

此句中用了单个动词“completed”，意思比较明确，在此则不可采用短语动词“carried out”。因为短语动词为非正式语言，“短语动词往往不止一种含义，而且常常难以确定，写专业论文时往往要用意义比较明确的单个动词来代替……”[5]carry out就有“实施(计划)”、“举行(义务、约定)”、等含义。

iwould like to thank my supervisor professor withoutwhosemost helpful instructions and guidance， the completion ofthis thesiswould have been impossible.

此句中的“iwould like to”不宜缩写为“i’d like to”。英语缩写词“一般用于非正式文体。”[6]iwould like to express my deep gratitude to my supervisorprofessor for spendingmuch time reading and improving thisthesis.

iwould also like to extendmy sincere thanks tomr. forevaluatingmy thesis and offering valuable input.

finally， iwould like to give thanks tomy classmate forfindingmemany valuable references in the course ofmywriting.

此“致谢”中的三个句子相互平行，结构相似，均采用的是“iwould like to do sth. to sb. fordoing sth.”这一句子结构。

带有平行结构的句子常用于正式文体[7]，以表强调。

3.掌握“致谢”内容的实质

尽管英语毕业论文“致谢”的篇幅不大，但其内容安排要求对其排列有序、段落层次分明、理由实在具体篇例如:i am most grateful to my supervisor professor withoutwhosemosthelpful instructions andwarm encouragement this the?siswould nothave been finished.

i am also grateful tomy classmates and for theirtime spentwithme discussing questions concerned.

But Holmes understood as we should by now as well that a tolerant society is necessary for the purposes of seeking the truth, that this is produced through an act of collective commitment to live according to its values and that this requires constant vigilance and persistent reassertion of those values, yet we often lapse.

Unsurprisingly then, history provides countless illustrations of these ideas colliding with people in government who felt threatened by the current of their time and chose to be hostile to the imagination and enamored of their own power and belief.

At the end of the first world war, western civilization had lost its way and the political and economic divisions were unraveling the status quo. Fears of Russia and the spread of communism and socialism along with growing unrest among labor give rise to fear and panic among those who wished to preserve the world as it was.

All these forces of instability, in turn, escalated into repression, censorship and the scapegoating of marginal populations, of radicals, dissenters, nonconformance, foreigner and immigrants. The leader of the American socialist party Eugene Debs was imprisoned for delivering a speech.

Today, a century later, a new threat to our core values has emerged, around the world and in this country. The rise of authoritarianism often in the guys of democratically elected despots has become the defining feature of modern life. The tactics, unfortunately, are age-old and time tests.

There must be an in-group, conceived around religious ethnic, racial or nationalistic lines and an outgroup. Typically, foreigners, immigrants, elites, or an opposing party.

Hello, everyone.

I dont know how to express my feeling now. I dont know whether Im happy or sad. Today well be apart. From now on well never study together, never laugh together.

Ive been in Cambridge Young English School for three years. Ive learned a lot here. I got to know whats english and how to read english. Teacher Li was hard because of us. We didnt listen to him when he began to teach us. And he couldnt do anything else but shout Attention!

Teacher Li is great. Remember, Teacher Pi said, phonogram is difficult to spell. And he would only ask us to dictionary when he was tied. Instesd Te Li could spell it. Its really admirable. I love Teachers reading, nice although not better than .

How time flys. Im going to graduate. Dense book notes that left me the best gift, which not only gave me the knowledge, but gave me a lot of fun. I would like to thank Mu Shenghui. I admire his notes and his achievements. I am happy to be his deckmate.

Wish everyone can pave a perfect road with English. Come on, everybody!

Thank you! Thats all.

Parents, teachers, and fellow students,

This is the day of our graduation. Today marks the end of our studies and the beginning of a new life for all of us. We are supposed to feel happy on such a day as this, and we are supposed to be full of hope of the future. We all do feel these things, but we feel much more, too. There is a great feeling of sadness today as we realize that this is the last time that we will all be together as members of this school. However, the thing we feel most, I think, is our feeling of thanks. We have some idea of what you, our parents, have done for us, and we have some idea of all the efforts that you, our teachers, have made for us. No words can express how thankful we are to you on this day. We will always remember this day and we will remember you. Thank you from the bottom of our hearts!

So if…even if you hate politics – and there are certainly plenty of good reasons to hate politics these days – you will have to engage in political dialogue, if only to survive Thanksgiving dinner with your crazy uncle. And you will have to judge the arguments made by candidates if you are going to vote intelligently.

The question I hope you will ask yourself [is]: on what basis will you make those judgments?

It would be natural to think that a degree from one of America’s top colleges has prepared you as a skilled judge of political debates. But unfortunately, a recent study found that the smartest and most knowledgeable voters can actually be the worst judges. And the reason is they are most likely to make judgments based on which party is making the argument rather than on the argument itself.

Now, I know what you’re thinking. ‘I would never do that,’ you say. But it happens unconsciously all the time. People have a tendency to assume the worst about those on the other side of the aisle. And when it comes to those on your side, they tend to see no evil, hear no evil and speak no evil. And that’s why – you can applaud if you want – that’s why educated and knowledgeable people excuse these actions that are ethically wrong and defend statements that are blatant lies.

时光如飞箭般流逝，转眼间，六年的小学时光已经过去，只剩下一个多月的时间，我们就要告别小学，迎接初中生活。

在这六年的时光里，有与朋友一起游戏时的欢乐;有考试成绩不佳时泪水;有获得奖项时自豪;有竞选时成功;有比赛时失败这六年，让我懂得了很多很多，无私奉献的老师，让我懂得了感谢师恩，知恩图报;无话不说的好朋友，让我懂得了友谊珍贵，不可替代;为我排忧解难的父母，让我懂得关爱他人，团结班级同学。

照片一张张的翻过，记录着我们美好的成长历程，从牙牙学语的一年级，到懵懵懂懂的二年级，到古灵精怪的三年级，再到无忧无虑的四年级，还有充满欢笑的五年级，最后，是友谊珍贵、师恩永恒，但是即将分离的六年级这六年的脚印，将伴着我走过一生，将成为我最美好的回忆!

眼眸湿润，依依不舍，是因为在这最后一个夏天，我们就要说再见!

关于商务英语毕业论文开题报告

商务英语毕业论文开题报告如下文

---绿色壁垒对中国农产品出口的影响

姓名:侯俊 班级:03544 学号:xx05040416 专业:商务英语(商务英语毕业论文开题报告(1))

一、论文的来源，目的，意义，国内外概况和预测

xx年11月10日深夜,世界贸易组织第四届部长级会议通过了中国加入世界贸易组织的决定。无论按什么标准来撰写中国改革开放的历史,加入世界贸易组织都将会被列入这一时期最重大的事件之一。加入世界贸易组织是中国改革开放的必然结果，中国加入世界组织必将加快改革开放的步伐。

可以说，中国加入世贸对中国绝大部分行业的发展是有利的，但有机遇同样就会有挑战，尤其是对中国农业的发展。目前，中国农业正在进入一个新的发展阶段，中国加入wto，农业面临一个新的国际环境，新阶段新环境将把中国农业推向市场竞争的巅峰。

论文百事通中国农业的市场竞争会由国内竞争转向国内国际双重竞争，农业资源也会由国内配置转向国内国际双重配置。中国入世，绿色壁垒逐步取代了关税和配额，成为我国农产品出口面临的最大障碍。在这样的背景下，中国农业如何应对将会是一个亟待做出抉择的问题。研究如何有效地利用wto规则和机制来保护和促进我国农业的发展将是一个重要的课题。

鉴于此，我选择了中国加入wto后的外贸研究这个论文课题，希望通过自己论文写作的过程，来加深对wto的了解。

二、有关论文课题调查和研究情况，预计论文达到的目的，要求

随着经济全球化的进程不断加快,人民生活水平的不段提高，环境与可持续发展得到了人们普遍的关注。经济、科技、社会、人口和环境的协调发展，已经得到各国的公认。消费观转向对提高生活质量的要求，人们不仅要提高生活水平，更重要的是要提高生活质量，当然包括环境质量。然而，为了保护环境所采取的措施往往包含贸易手段，所以环境也不可避免地影响着国际贸易。发达国家为了保护自己的利益，纷纷筑起绿色壁垒。我国农业遭到了严重的打击，损失极大。如何面对绿色壁垒?怎样发展我国的农业?这是我国现在发展阶段要解决的问题之一。

上文即是商务英语毕业论文开题报告

Turn an eye me and then become a junior high school to livinged from a pure kid.In the beginning, I thought the living meeting of junior high school was easy to play, but listenned to a father mother, also having their colleagues so on saying, I discovered the life of junior high schools ising a strain is very exhausting very much, I started frightened faced a junior high school!I think elusion, but I think if I not study so much in the future in test and then will not have what hope, this influences probably, changing my destiny, and later life.

Hence I make a firm decision, correct I am in the primary school of bad habit, do a set of studying of complete science plan, exaltation study result, pass examination teacher greatly attach medium.

Encourage!

转眼间我就从一个单纯的小孩变成一名初中生。一开始,我以为初中的生活会很好玩，但是听爸爸妈妈，还有他们的同事这么一说，我发现初中的生活是很紧张很吃力的，我开始害怕面对初中了!我想逃避，但是我想如果我不好好学习将来中考就不会有什么希望，这可能影响，改变我的命运，和以后的人生。

于是我下定决心，要改正我在小学的不良习惯，做一套完整科学的学习计划，提高学习成绩，考上师大附中。

加油!