南京夫子庙景点介绍导游词(汇总20篇)

Dear tourists, the scenic spot we are going to visit is the Ming XiaolingMausoleum, which is located in Dulong, Mt. Zijin. Xiaoling Tomb of the MingDynasty is the joint Tomb of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, andhis Empress Ma Shi. Zhu Yuanzhang was born in 1328 to a poor peasant family inFengyang, Anhui Province. He joined Huangjue temple at the age of 17, joined thered scarf army of Guo Zixing at the end of the Yuan Dynasty in 1352, led thearmy to conquer Nanjing in 1356, and ascended the throne in 1368.

Xiaoling Mausoleum of Ming Dynasty was built in 1381. In 1382, it wasburied in empress Ma Shi. In 1398, it was buried here after Zhu Yuanzhang diedof illness. The project was not completed until 1413. It was named Xiaolingbecause Zhu Yuanzhang advocated "governing the world with filial piety" on theone hand, and because empress Ma was posthumously named "Xiaoci" on the other.Therefore, the tomb was called "Xiaoling" in the Ming Dynasty and "Xiaoling" inthe Qing Dynasty to show the difference between dynasties.

Relying on Zijin Mountain, the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum has a windingShinto. The mausoleum abides by the tradition of Chinese architecture, and itscentral axis is symmetrical. It is the first Mausoleum of Baocheng Baoding. Themausoleum shape of the former dynasty and the later Dynasty is the firstMausoleum of the Ming and Qing Dynasties for more than 600 years. As a nationalkey cultural relic protection unit, it was listed in the world cultural heritagelist in 20__.

What we see now is the first gate of the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum, dajinmen.In those days, a 45 Li external wall extended from both sides of dajinmen,including the whole Zijinshan.

The roof and gate of the old golden gate, which was covered with yellowglazed tiles, have disappeared. Only the castle and the three arches.

Over the golden gate, we came to Sifang city. It turned out to be a stelePavilion. Because the top of the pavilion was destroyed by the war in XianfengPeriod of Qing Dynasty, only four walls and four door tickets were left. Eachside is 26.86 meters long, just like an ancient castle. So Nanjing peoplecommonly call it Sifang city. There is a tablet of "the miraculous work of theXiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty" in the city, which is 6.7 meters highIts 2.08 meters high and called Mian. Its said that its one of the nine sonsof the dragon. Its very heavy. This tablet is the largest Ming tablet inNanjing. The inscription is written by Zhu Di, the founder of the Ming Dynasty.It has 2746 words and is divided into seven parts. First, it describes his lifeexperience and was born in Jurong family. Second, it asks for the peoplesorders and makes a great fortune. Third, it calms down the world, ascends thethrone and becomes emperor, cezhonggong and the crown prince, and is granted thesame surname. Fourth, it abolishes Zhongshu and sets up six departments to takecharge of military power. Fifth, it attaches importance to talents and the studyof founding a nation; 6、 He lived a simple life, and asked him to be buried withMa after his death in Xiaoling; 7. The name of 57 royal children and 144 fourcharacter eulogies, the inscription is a high praise of Zhu Yuanzhangs life.The completion of the monument of the great Ming Xiaoling was in 1413, whichmarks the end of the Ming Xiaoling project. Behind Zhu Dis great contributionto Zhu Yuanzhang, in fact, he built up his own prestige in Dashu, so as to showthe legitimacy of inheriting the throne. He originally sent tens of thousands ofmigrant workers to chisel a huge stele in the eastern suburb of Nanjing. If thecap, body and base of the stele were 72 meters high, they were too huge tocarry, so they were abandoned.

After passing the Yuhe bridge, we come to the Shinto of the XiaolingMausoleum of the Ming Dynasty. The Shinto is divided into two sections. Thefirst section is Shixiang road. On both sides of the road, there are six kindsof Stone Beasts, four in each group, standing on both sides and squatting onboth sides. Kirin is the king of animals, symbolizing the majesty of kings, andChina _ s legendary law beast, symbolizing the integrity of kings; camels arethe boats of the desert, showing the vast territory of Ming Dynasty and thetranquility of the western regions of the country; the elephant is a symbol ofthe country and the people, and the people are obedient; the unicorn is a kindof monster of Chinese mythology and legend, symbolizing the benevolence of theemperor. The last animal to see is a horse, which symbolizes loyalty to theemperor. The main purpose of placing these stone beasts on both sides of theShinto is to record Zhu Yuanzhangs achievements, to show the prosperity of theMing Dynasty, and to pray for the suppression of demons and evil spirits.

Walking along the stone statue Road, the second section of Shinto,wengzhong Road, lies ahead. There is a pair of pillar at the intersection, whichis also called Huabiao. The Shinto standing in front of the mausoleum is alsocalled lingbiao. There is the function of indicating the road here. From here,Shinto begins to turn due north. On wengzhong Road, there were two pairs ofmilitary generals, who were wearing armor and holding a wat board in theirhands. They were burly, and two pairs of civil ministers, who were wearing courtclothes and holding wat boards in their hands, were solemn. They are a pair ofyoung people and a pair of middle-aged people respectively, which indicates thatthere are successors in Daming. At the end of the Shinto Road, there is aLingxing gate with six pillars and three gates. The original gate was destroyedin the war in Xianfeng Period of the Qing Dynasty. Now the Lingxing gate isrestored in 20__ according to historical data. This is the ceremonial gate forvisiting the mausoleum.

On the east side of Shixiang Road, there is a hill called Meihua Mountain.Shinto turns a bend around Meihua Mountain. It turns out that this mountain wasthe mausoleum of Sun Quan in the eastern Wu Dynasty. During the construction ofthe Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty, someone suggested that thismausoleum should be removed. However, Zhu Yuanzhang said, "Sun Quan is also ahero. Let me see the gate." so the Shinto curved and became the natural barrierof the Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty. Now it has become a famous plumappreciation base in Nanjing.

Now we see the Jinshui bridge. Behind the Jinshui bridge is the mausoleumbuilding of Xiaoling Mausoleum of Ming Dynasty. There were five Jinshui bridgesfacing the five gates of the mausoleum palace, which were destroyed by the warin Xianfeng Period of Qing Dynasty. Only three of them were restored in QingDynasty. We can see that the stone carvings on the bridge deck and bridgefoundation are still relics of Ming Dynasty, and the bridge railings wererebuilt in Qing Dynasty. Starting from here, the building is in accordance withChinese tradition, with the north facing south and the central axissymmetrical.

Up the slope, the first thing we see is the square gate of Wenwu, which isthe gate of the mausoleum palace. Its yellow tile, red door and red wall set offeach other, showing the royal style. This gate was rebuilt in 1988 according tohistorical materials. In front of the gate, on the east side of the wall, thereis a special notice tablet, which was erected in the first year of Xuantong. Itis written in the characters of Japan, Germany, Italy, France, Britain andRussia. The content is to warn visitors to protect Xiaoling.

Entering the Wenwu square gate, we come to the Beidian. The Beidian wasoriginally the gate in front of the Xiaoling hall. Because the gate wasdestroyed in the war of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the destroyed gate wasrebuilt into a Beidian in the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty. There are fiveinscriptions in the hall. In the middle of the five inscriptions, "Zhilong Tangand Song Dynasty" is inscribed in the handwriting of Emperor Kangxi, which meansthat Zhu Yuanzhangs achievements in governing the country surpass those ofEmperor Taizong Li Shimin and Emperor Songtai in the Tang Dynasty Zhao Kuangyin.Kangxi, as the emperor of the Qing Dynasty, showed his respect and admirationfor Zhu Yuanzhang on the one hand, and on the other hand, he had his own goodintentions. At the beginning of the reign of Kangxi, the Han people did notaccept the Manchu rule. Kangxi knew that it was not enough to rely on theManchus high pressure policy alone, but also on the Han people. He visitedXiaoling of Ming Dynasty six times and five times in his life. He knelt downthree times and kowtowed nine times. In 1699, when he visited Xiaoling of MingDynasty for the third time, he wrote "Zhilong Tang and Song Dynasty" to win thehearts of the people. Next to them are two steles inscribed by Emperor Qianlongwhen he visited the mausoleum. There are also two lying steles on the back,which respectively record the first and third visits to Taizu mausoleum duringEmperor Kangxis southern tour. There are records written by Tao Dai, governorof Liangjiang and Cao Yin, weaving doctor in Jiangnan.

This building is the former site of Xiaoling hall, which is the mainbuilding of Xiaoling. You can see the three-story xumizuo platform base of theoriginal white marble. The platform base is three meters high. The four cornersof the three-story platform base are still left with stone carved head. Thereare three steps around the platform base. Its the middle of the road. On thethird floor of xumizuo is the hall of enjoyment, which is dedicated to ZhuYuanzhang and empress ma. The original palace was destroyed by the war inXianfeng Period of the Qing Dynasty. Now we can see 56 huge stone pillars on theplatform foundation, each with a diameter of 0.91 meters. Its easy to imaginehow spectacular the hall was at that time. At that time, the hall of Xiaolingwas nine rooms wide and five rooms deep, with double eaves, covered with yellowglazed tiles and a bucket arch overhanging eaves. The scale of Xiaoling was muchlarger than that of Changling Hall of Ming Chengzu in Beijing. What we see nowis the three Bay small hall restored during the reign of Tongzhi in the QingDynasty, which is not as large as before.

Passing through the inner red gate and the Shengxian bridge, the buildingin front of you is Fangcheng. Fangcheng is a huge building in front of Baoding.The outside is made of big stones and huge bricks. There are eight characterwalls on the East and west sides of Fangcheng. The four corners of the wall aredecorated with brick carvings. These brick carvings are representative works ofthe early Ming Dynasty. Passing through the 54th level corridor in the center ofFangcheng, you can see the south wall of Baocheng. On the front of the wall, youcan see that it is built with 13 layers of stones. It is said that the sevencharacters were engraved in the early years of the Republic of China to answervisitors questions.

From the East-West corridor between Baocheng and Fangcheng, you can climbto the minglou. It was originally a beautiful building with double eaves andyellow glazed tiles. It was destroyed by the war of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdomin the Qing Dynasty. Only four walls are left. In 20__, the minglou protectionproject was completed, and it has been restored. In July 20__, the minglou wasofficially opened to tourists, showing the distribution of Ming Dynasty in ChinaThere are 19 mausoleums of emperors in China.

Behind the Fangcheng is Baoding, which is a large round mound with adiameter of 325-400m. On the top of the mound are towering trees, and below itis the palace where empress Ma of Zhu Yuanzhang was buried. Baocheng is a brickcity with a circumference of 1100 meters around Baoding. The imperial mausoleumin Baoding of Baocheng city is the first mausoleum in Ming and Qing Dynastiesfor more than 500 years. Its just that the Ming Dynastys top is roughly round,while the Qing Dynastys Mausoleums top is oval.

Today, the east side of the Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty haspreserved the site of the Dongling Mausoleum of Zhu Biao, Prince of the MingDynasty.

In ancient China, the imperial mausoleum was originally built in Fangshangof Qin and Han Dynasties. The representative mausoleum was Qinshihuang Mausoleumin Shaanxi Province. In Tang Dynasty, it was changed to the mausoleum near themountain. The representative mausoleum included Tang Qianling Mausoleum of LiZhi, Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty and Empress Wu Zetian of Shaanxi Province.In Song Dynasty, the imperial mausoleum was built in Fangshang of relativelysmall scale. In Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang initiated the mausoleum form ofBaocheng Baoding mausoleum and former dynasty and later Dynasty mausoleum.

The Ming Dynasty established its capital in 1368 and perished in 1644.There were 16 emperors before and after it. Except for the Ming XiaolingMausoleum in Nanjing, the rest of the mausoleums were in Beijing. Only JianwenEmperor Zhu Yunwen had no mausoleum. Many tombs of the Ming Dynasty have left uscountless places to watch.

As the remains of Chinese culture, ancient Chinese mausoleums have leftimportant material materials for later generations to study and understandancient Chinese economy and culture. Dear tourist friends, todays visit iscoming to an end. Thank you for your cooperation in my tour guide work. Welcometo visit Ming Xiaoling again!

天禄与麒麟仅限用于帝陵,辟邪则专用于王侯墓前。

位于栖霞区狮子冲陈文帝陈倩永宁陵前的天禄、麒麟,是帝陵石兽的代表作。

它们相向而立,造型矫健灵活,雕刻手法细致圆熟,已脱尽汉代简朴作风,给人以挺拔、丰满的印象。

而位于仙鹤门张家库村的梁临川王萧宏墓,墓前的辟邪雄浑简练,雕刻技法娴熟,造型的整体和局部皆十分和谐,显示出一种匀称美,是王侯墓前石辟邪的代表作。

神道石柱又称华表,以栖霞十月村吴平忠侯萧詹墓的碑文保存最为完整。

南朝立碑较少,千百个碑毁散湮没,流传极少,而此碑巍然独存。

石碑通高5.16米,分碑首、 碑身、龟趺三部分。

碑身镌刻当时著名书法家贝义渊所书2840多字的楷体碑文,是十分罕见的书法艺术珍品。

南朝陵墓石刻上承秦汉,下启隋唐,而与同时代的北朝石窟艺术遥相媲美,在中国石雕艺术史上占有极其重要的地位。

它不仅是中国古代石雕艺术的杰作,也称得上是世界艺术宝库中的珍品,1988年被列为全国重点文物保护单位。

天禄、麒麟雕刻

精美者,当属位于栖霞镇狮子冲的陈文帝永宁陵石刻。

天禄又称“天鹿”,也称“挑拨”、“符拨”,是古代传说中的神兽,与“天命”和“禄位”有关。

麒麟是传说中的“仁兽”,它的出现,往往被附会为圣贤的降生,是太平盛世的象征,永宁陵现存石天禄、麒麟各一只,昂首而立,凌空欲飞,富有动感,给人以挺拨、丰富的印象。

胜棋楼—郁金堂—莫愁女雕像—粤军殉难烈士墓

胜棋楼是莫愁湖公园的主要建筑，相传当年的明太祖朱元璋和中山王徐达经常来这里下棋。每次都以徐达失败而告终，朱元璋非常明白徐达的用意，是怕胜君有罪。有一天，朱元璋事先要求徐达拿出真水平来下一盘棋。结果，徐达不但胜棋，且棋局摆得十分巧妙，用棋子摆成了“万岁”两字，朱元璋由惊转喜，暗暗地佩服徐达棋艺之高超，非但认输，还将这座楼连同莫愁湖一起送给了徐达以资表彰，胜棋楼由此得名。现今的“胜棋楼”匾，书法苍劲有力，是清代状元梅启照亲笔。旁有对联写道;“粉黛江山留得半湖烟雨;王侯事业都如一局棋杯。”楼上陈设古朴，中堂的南北壁分别挂有朱元璋和徐达画像及现代著名书法家书写的“钟阜开基，石城对弈”对联。堂前摆放一张专供下棋的棋桌。

位于胜棋楼左侧的是一座古色古香的四合院，相传这里就是莫愁女居所，因莫愁女喜欢郁金花，所以称之为郁金堂。不过，原有建筑已毁于兵火，现在的郁金堂是1795年重建的。院内有梁武帝萧衍为莫愁女所作的《河中之水歌》诗碑，清代绘刻的莫愁女石刻像和郭沫若题写的《莫愁歌》。室内陈设古朴，庄重典雅。墙上挂有许多文人墨客有关莫愁女的诗画。

在郁金堂两侧，红栏曲廊环抱着的一方水池中立有一尊根据历史资料精心雕塑的汉白玉莫愁女雕像，发会高绾，素裙垂地，手挎桑篮，亭亭玉立，神态自若，栩栩如生，是根据《河中之水歌》中的“十四采桑南陌头”的诗意雕刻而成的。方池四周，曲廊、赏荷亭、四方亭、光华亭等建筑，相衔相生、巧妙连接，显得格外雅致、洁净。

莫愁湖南岸，有一座占地约370多平方米的粤军殉难烈士墓。墓建于1912年3月，毁于抗战期间，1947年重修，1979年再次重修。这座墓是为纪念在与封建余孽张勋企图复辟帝制的战斗中英勇牺牲的粤军烈士而建立的。墓前有孙中山先生手书的“建国成仁”墓碑，碑阴刻有黄兴所撰墓志。

园以水胜，路因园名。与莫愁湖邻近的还有一条名叫莫愁路的街道。过去人们常说，不到夫子店与莫愁路，就等于没有来过南京。夫子庙是因曾是一个灯红酒绿的风月场所而出名，而莫愁路则因“黑市”而闻名。据说，莫愁路上的“黑市”在明代已出现，当时一些破落官家变卖财产，怕人耻笑，就在黑夜之间拿来这里交易脱手。这里所交易的物品，既有小商贩从民间收购来的废旧物品，也有小偷、扒手的赃物和贪官污吏所侵吞的物资。直到新中国成立后，才取缔了这一带的“黑市”。

在莫愁路中段，能见到一座高大的石坊，里面保存有明初大典前的习仪场所——朝天宫遗址。

好了，各位游客朋友，我的讲解到此结束。祝愿大家游玩愉快.谢谢大家!

Hello, everyone! Welcome to Nanjing Confucius Temple. The Confucius Templeis located on the Bank of Qinhuai River in the south of the city. It is ahistoric site and tourist attraction that Nanjing people are proud of. It is aprosperous place where culture, commerce, sightseeing center and Temple marketare integrated.

Confucius Temple, also known as Confucius Temple and Confucian temple, is aplace to offer sacrifices to Confucius, a famous educator and thinker in China.Confucius was honored as Confucius in ancient times, so his temple is commonlyknown as "Confucius Temple". Due to the orthodox status of Confucianism, itsfounder Confucius was highly respected by the rulers and scholars of feudalsociety. There were more than one Confucius temples all over the country. As aplace for feudal scholars to worship, Confucius Temple is mostly arrangedtogether with educational facilities (such as school palace, Gong Yuan, etc.),that is, the so-called temple is attached to school, usually in front or on oneside of the school palace.

Historically, there were three Confucius temples in the urban area ofNanjing, one in the compound of the current municipal government and the otherin the Chaotian Palace. Now we are going to visit the third and most famousplace. It was moved from Chaotian Palace in the first year of Jingyou of SongDynasty (1034). At first, it was Jiankang school, Jiqing road school in YuanDynasty, Guoxue in Ming Dynasty, yingtianfu school in Qing Dynasty, andJiangning school and Shangyuan school in Qing Dynasty. It was destroyed in theXianfeng Period, rebuilt in the Tongzhi period (1869), and burned by theJapanese during the Anti Japanese war. The existing Confucius Temple was rebuiltin the early 1980s. It uses the former temple and the later school, ConfuciusTemple in the front and the Academy in the back, and the later Gong Yuan isarranged on the left side of the Academy. Therefore, the relatively completepattern of Confucius Temple in Nanjing includes three parts, namely, ConfuciusTemple, Academy and Gongyuan. The North-South central axis with Dacheng hall asthe center and the main buildings on both sides and the Jiangnan Gongyuanexhibition hall with Mingyuan building as the center have become the maintourist spots in the Confucius Temple area.

Due to its long history and convenient water transportation, ConfuciusTemple area has become a famous "beautiful place" and a place where celebritieslive in ancient Nanjing before the appearance of Confucius Temple. Therefore, inaddition to the main scenic spots mentioned above, there are also scenic spotssuch as Wu Jingzis former residence, ancient taoyedu, Cuiyuan, one hundred yearold shop Street, wendeqiao, Wang Xies former residence, Wuyi lane, meixianglou,etc.

Now we are standing at the starting point of the central axis of ConfuciusTemple - Confucius Temple Square. Looking around, there are panchi, Zhaobi andmufang in the south, Juxing Pavilion, KuiGuang Pavilion and business district inthe East and West, Dacheng hall in the central axis and the East and West citieson the East and west sides of Confucius Temple in the north, which form theunique atmosphere of Confucius Temple area different from other cities, that is,the pattern of Temple market integration in history.

Look at the river in front of the square. Its called Qinhuai River. Itsthe mother river of Nanjing people. Its 110 kilometers long and gave birth tothe early Nanjing civilization. The section that flows through the square is apart of the Inner Qinhuai River. When the temple was built, it was transformedinto panchi, named after the water flowing through the Confucius Temple in Qufu.A red wall on the south bank is a large screen wall built in the Wanli period ofthe Ming Dynasty (1575). It is 110 meters long and majestic. It is the largestscreen wall in China. Zhaobi played a role of shelter and decoration, which wasthe beginning of the whole Confucius Temple complex. The stone railings on theNorth Bank of panchi were built in Zhengde (1514) of the Ming Dynasty. Aftermany vicissitudes, they became the only best preserved ancient architecturalsketch in the Confucius Temple complex, which had been repaired before the AntiJapanese war. Here, visitors take a rest on the fence and enjoy the beautifulscenery of Qinhuai.

The Wende bridge on the west side of panchi is now hanbaiyu bridge. It gotits name from the Confucian schools advocacy of article morality. Because thedirection of the bridge is the same as that of the meridian, every November 15of the lunar calendar, when the bright moon is in the sky and you look down fromthe railing, you can see the shadow of the bridge on both sides of the bridge.The bright moon in the river is divided into two and a half months, which iscalled "Wen de Fen Yue". Wu Jingzi recorded it in his book scholars. If you havea chance, you might as well come to Wende bridge on November 15 of the lunarcalendar to have a look.

A group of Hui style buildings at the entrance of South Wuyi lane ofwendeqiao is called "Wangxie ancient residence". As the settlement area of WangXie and Wang Xie in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, it has a great influence,especially the verses of Wu Yi Xiang, the famous work of Liu Yuxi in TangDynasty, which makes Wu Yi Xiang and Wang Xies former residence very famous,and now it is "the historical and cultural exhibition Hall of Six Dynasties inNanjing." You can visit it when you have time.

Now, to the north of the stone column is the newly rebuilt Tianxia Wenshusquare, which indicates that it is the cultural center of Tianxia. Three doorsand four pillars, quite spectacular. In ancient times, it corresponded to theLingxing gate at the back, which was used for the emperors to go on a pilgrimageto worship Confucius. The high gate square in the middle was the royal roadwhere the emperor was lucky to come. It was used for the princes of the countyto go in and out. The ordinary officials and subjects could not pass through, soit was usually closed with wooden fences.

The star gathering Pavilion on the west side of the square in front of thetemple has a hexagonal cornice, which is simple and elegant. It looks like atwo-layer structure with double cornices on the outside. In fact, it has onlyone floor. The name of the pavilion is the gathering of stars and talents. Inthe East, the small courtyard facing the water is KuiGuang Pavilion. The KuixingPavilion in the pavilion has three floors and six sides, and faces QinhuaiRiver. The scenery is unique. In ancient times, there was a saying of "Kui ZhuWen". Kuixing, or Kuixing, is a sign of prosperity of the literary movement anda symbol of winning the first place in the imperial examination. Therefore,Kuixing was regarded as a God by the students of the past dynasties. KuiGuangPavilion and Juxing Pavilion look at each other from the east to the west,echoing each other and integrating into one.

The stone square gate in the north of the square in front of the temple isthe first gate of the Confucius Temple - Lingxing gate, with six columns andthree gates. It is simple and beautiful, and the lintel in the middle isengraved with the seal character "Lingxing gate". Lingxing is the "Wenxing" inancient astronomy. The reason why it is named is to show that scholars in theworld gather here. The brick relief inlaid with peony pattern between the threedoors is exquisitely carved and gorgeous. The top of the stone column is made ofcloud plate, which means Huabiao, as a sign. This is the gate for the emperor toworship Confucius.

After passing the Lingxing gate, we came to the Dacheng gate of Dachenghall.

Dachengmen, also known as Jimen, is the main gate of Confucius Temple, withZhijing gate on both sides. In feudal times, only officials could get in and outof dachengmen, while ordinary scholars could only get in and out from otherdoors. Entering the gate, there are four ancient steles on the left and right:in the East, there are the stele of fengzhishengs wife in 1331, the remnantstele of Jiqing Confucius Temple in 1330, and the stele of kongyuwenli in 484,which was moved by the municipal government. This book is based on the picturestele of Confucius asking for rites.

On both sides of the courtyard and corridor are arranged eight ofConfucius twelve students, namely min sang, ran Geng, ran Qiu, Duan Muzi, ranYong, Zai Yu, Yan Yan and Zhong you. They are all carved from white jade of HanDynasty. They are very devout and lifelike.

Looking forward, the platform in front of the Dacheng hall is Danlong,commonly known as the terrace. It is 1.4 meters high, 21.8 meters wide from eastto west, and 14.0 meters long from north to south. It is surrounded by stonerailings, 24 cloud looking pillars, and stone lanterns are set at the twocorners of the platform. This terrace is used for sacrifice, singing anddancing. The statue of Kongyu in the middle of the terrace is particularlyeye-catching. Its made of bronze, 4.18 meters long and weighs 37 tons. Itsexquisitely made, lifelike, full-bodied, with a kind and deep face. The eyebrowsreveal the wisdom of a great thinker and leave a very deep impression on people.On both sides of the terrace, there were two verandas, which were used toworship the memorial tablets of the 72 sages in Confucius gate and to storesacrificial, ceremonial and dancing utensils. Now it is reduced to a small twoveranda and changed into a stele gallery. There are more than 30 steles with inkmarks of famous calligraphers such as Zhao Puchu, Lin Sanzhi and Wu Zhongqi,which are displayed for tourists to enjoy.

At the end of the terrace is the majestic main hall of Confucius TempleDacheng hall, which is 16.22 meters high, 27.3 meters wide and 27.9 meters deep.It is an antique building on the top of chongcaoxie mountain. Under the eaves ofthe front, there is a sea blue vertical plaque, which reads "Dacheng hall".Confucius is the most sage and forerunner of Dacheng, and Dacheng refers toConfucius. The word "Dacheng" comes from "notes. Learning notes", which is thehighest level of learning. It can also be seen in Mencius wanzhang. "Confuciusis the sage of time. Confucius called it jidacheng. " There is a beautifulstanding sculpture of "double dragons playing with pearls" in the birds kiss onthe roof, which is the first of its kind in China; The light and beautifultendency of the roof covered with green tiles is obviously different from themagnificent tendency of the yellow glazed tiles used in the roof of the northernConfucius Temple. It is more easygoing and popular. This is also one of theperformances of Nanjing Confucius Temple closer to popular culture, or "do asthe Romans do". The whole building is magnificent with double eaves, crisscrossbrackets, seven couplets in the hall, 26 wooden columns in the corridor, 16lattice doors in the front and back, and purlins in the inner hall. In thecenter of the hall, there is a 6.5-meter-high and 3.5-meter-wide portrait ofConfucius, the largest in China. On the front two sides of the portrait, thereare another four of the 12 students, namely Mencius, Kongji, Zengshen andYanhui. In front of the portrait, there are also ancient musical instrumentssuch as Gong, Qin, wokonghou, chime, Bianzhong, guzheng and drum.

38 inlaid murals reflecting Confucius life stories are hung on thesurrounding walls, which are called "Confucius holy trace". They are made ofinner jade from Zhejiang, Fujian, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Qinghai, Guangxi,Guangdong and other provinces (regions), famous crystals from jixueleng,Shoushan stone, feicuilv, zhoucunleng and precious jewelry such as gold,jewelry, Luodian, etc. by 2oo craftsmen in Yueqing, Zhejiang Province. It takesthree years The total investment is 5.8 million yuan. The picture adopts theChinese classical panoramic composition method, supplemented by the detaileddescription of textual research, with fine workmanship, natural color, richthree-dimensional sense, giving people a sense of lifelike magic. Each sheet is2.5 meters high and 1.3 meters wide. There are 408 figures in the painting. Theshape is natural and lifelike. The 38 murals are the picture of the holy trace,the preface to the title, the prayer of Nishan, the Qilin Yushu, the ErlongWulao, the Juntian Shengjiang, the zudou Xueli, the functionary commissar, thename Rongfu, the functionary Chengtian, the questioner Laofu, Wenshao in Qi, YanYingju Feng in Yan, the retreat of Shishu, Jiagu Huiqi, returning to Tianxiegouo, zhushaozhengmao; the female music Wenma, and Yingu Qulu. Help peopleout. In Song Dynasty, people felled trees, attacked the Falcon, struck the chimeby Shiwei, learned to play Qin by Xiang, drove back to Xihe, asked linggongabout Chen, Zilu about Jin, in chenjueliang, zixijufeng, songqiuling, Xingtanritual music, kneeling by Chihong, Xishou Huolin, Mengdian Liangying, Zhirenbiegui, Han Gaosi to Lu. This is just like the couplet in the temple, which saysthat "Qi Bei Si Shi Xing heaven and earth, ghosts and gods, sun and moon are inaccordance with their virtue; teach the world to follow Yao, Shun, Yu and TangWenwu as teachers". The truth is that "the Tao of heaven and earth runs throughthe ancient and modern times, and the six classics are deleted and listed in theConstitution for all ages.".

From the north gate of Dacheng hall, you can enter Xuegong district throughDongshi.

Dongshi and Xishi have been changed from the East and West passagewayswhich used to enter and leave the academy to the places where the ships can sellgoods on the Qinhuai River. Now they have become the most distinctive places forarts and crafts, cultural goods sales and cultural activities in the ConfuciusTemple area.

The school palace was a place to cultivate talents in feudal times. Therewere different levels, such as county school, government school (road school,state school, etc.) and national school. They were all adjacent to ConfuciusTemple, which showed the orthodox status of Confucianism in building the countryand cultivating self. The school palace includes Mingde hall, Zunjing Pavilion,Jingyi Pavilion, Chongsheng temple and Qingyun tower. Entering the gate of theschool is the ancient Mingde hall. It is a place for scholars to listen to theirtutors preaching of holy teachings and instructions (ethics and governmentdecrees) after their monthly pilgrimage to the sun (i.e. Confucius), so as tocultivate their loyalty and patriotism. As for the name of mingdetang, sometourists may ask that there is only "Minglun hall" in the Confucius Templecomplex. Why Nanjing Confucius Temple is an exception, which is called"mingdetang"? Indeed, in Nanjing Confucius Temple, mingdetang was originallyalso called "Minglun hall". It was just Wen Tianxiang, the Prime Minister of theSouthern Song Dynasty, who was imprisoned when the yuan army was about toconquer Nanjing, in order to show that he would rather die than surrender Hechanged "Ming Lun Tang" into "Ming De Tang" in order to show his loyalty to thecountry and serve the people. Zunjing Pavilion, built in the middle of MingDynasty, is 18.7 meters high, with double eaves and T-shaped ridges on the topof the mountain. It is an extraordinary Hall for storing Confucian classics andteaching lectures. It is now an exhibition hall of folk customs. Standing sideby side with Zunjing pavilion are Chongsheng temple and Qingyun tower. Zunjingacademy is divided into two sides behind Zunjing Pavilion. In the Qing Dynasty,Qingyun building was changed into a library, and Zunjing Academy was used as alecture center, which is equivalent to the classroom now. The small highlandbehind the Zunjing Pavilion, called Weishan, has a Jingyi Pavilion. AllConfucian temples in the world have Jingyi Pavilion. It began in the Jiajingperiod of the Ming Dynasty. In the pavilion, the emperors motto of "JingyiZhen" was set up as the motto of the students. The so-called "respect one" isthe dedication to Confucianism.

After touring the Academy, walk tens of meters to the East past GongyuanWest Street, which is Jiangnan Gongyuan. During this period of time, I wouldlike to introduce to you some other information about the Confucius Temple. Inaddition to the buildings of Confucius Temple, there are more noticeable folkcustoms, characteristic markets and snacks in the area.

Dear friends, this is the end of the tour of Confucius Temple. Thank youfor your support and cooperation!

Добро пожаловать в город нанкин, где всегда есть "Шесть династий цзяочжоу,цзиньлин императорской области" достопримечательности. я гид из средней бригадыпровинции цзянсу _ Все могут звать меня _ гид, или маленький. рядом со мной этотводитель. мастер, его техника вождения очень хорошо, будьте уверены. надеюсь,что в ближайшие дни мы с вами сможем совершить прекрасную поездку в нанкин.Нанкин - один из семи древних столиц китая. в Восточном предместье сушёная горас черепом человека, что доказывает, что 350 тысяч лет назад, были следы"нанкинских обезьян". с начала династии дун у цзянду в 229 г. нашей эры нанкиндесять раз стал Киото, оставив богатое историческое и культурное наследие.нанкин географический район, богатые материальными ресурсами, находится в районе? золотого Треугольника? Янцзы, является важным городом в региональной экономикеКитая. нанкинский внешний транспорт широко известен и представляет собойтрехмерную транспортную систему и сеть для воздушных, шоссейных, железнодорожныхи речных перевозок. нанкин, горы кольцо воды, лук, клетки и юй, город шаньшуйлеса слились в одно целое, природа пейзаж долго славится. Природа одарилананкина живописными горами, сохранившими здесь свою славную культуру. Г - н Суньчжуншань в знаменитых словах рассказал о красоте нанкина: "здесь есть горы, естьравнины, есть глубины, в трех крупнейших городах мира также искренне труднонайти эту достопримечательность". на подножии горы чжуншань, мин Сяолинь,расположенная на подножии горы чуньшань, расположена в зелено - зеленом золотомхолме и имеет великолепное расположение. памятники тайпинского царства, огромныйдворец. в нескольких десятках мавзолей династии Южная династия получила большоемастерство, которое можно назвать гигантской системой, национальной ценностью.нершелита (храм Цися), великолепная фигура, стройная, великолепная, великолепнаядекоративная, это редкость из имеющихся в нашей стране каменных башен.

президентский дворец, мемориальный парк павших героев юйхуатая,мемориальный музей соотечественников, погибших в результате массовых убийств вНанкине, которые были совершены против японской армии в китае, мемориальныймузей в новой деревне мэйюань и мемориал победы в переправу являютсяисторическими свидетельствами демократической революции в нашей стране. озеросюаньюй, три кольца воды, с одной стороны, рядом с городом, сюфэн тайфэн тенибашни, Бибо, можно назвать "золотой Жемчужиной". озеро моуны, содержиттрогательные и печальные легенды, озеро свет тени, цветочный коконник, изящный,изысканный и открытый. особенность нанкина известна как китайская технологияпарча "живые окаменелости" облака и "сокровище нации" Дождь камень, сталпредставителем Нанкинского туристического товара. вкусные закуски цинь Хуай исолёная утка широко известны во всем мире. в этот день нанкин, одновременно ссовременной вежливой экономикой, является красивым пейзажем с красивыми горами,живущими на драконьих досках, город хуаньхуань дворец дворец, уличные структуры,сад сад сад сад сад сад, зеленая площадь... вместе построили красочный альбом,слитый в одно целое горными и водными лесами, и продемонстрировали уникальноеочарование "зеленой древности, города культуры". Говоря о нашем Нанкине,приходится упомянуть четыре конкретных продукта, которые соответствуют ? есть?,? пить?, ? играть? и ? одеваться?: соленая утка, чай с дождями, камни и облака.Долгая история родила нанкин богатейшие туристические ресурсы, восток от горычжуншань пейзаж области, в том числе в горах, мин Сяолинь, храм линьгу ибазальту озеро, запад и Каменный город пейзаж в качестве точки зрения, к югузнаменитый пейзаж цинь Хуай является основным хитом, на севере вдоль реки пейзажобласти, в том числе мост Янцзы, просмотр Реки Лу, храм Цзинхай и другиедостопримечательности. нанкин, в котором собраны горы, вода, город и вэнь, игоры, и горы, и горы, и горы, и горы, и горы, и горы, и горы, и горы, и тучи, ивеликие, и великие, и большие, и большие, и большие, и большие, и большие, ибольшие, и большие, и большие, и большие, и большие, и большие.

各位游客，您们好!欢迎各位亲莅国防园参观游览。

南京国防园始建于一九九二年八月，总占地300亩。现在大家看到门楼上五个镀金大字是在建园前专门为公园题写的园名。

国防园的所在地，远在公元前333年楚威王修建的金陵邑城堡;其后，东吴孙权鉴于石头山地势险要，为扼守建康门户，于公元220xx年在金陵邑旧址上筑石头城，建烽火台;东晋义熙年间，又建造“入汉楼”，成为建康军事重镇;唐末再修石头城，到明朝，朱元璋又扩建了中外闻名的南京城墙，对石头城进行了加固和修复。现在山的西面脚下有一公里多的城墙，是历史的原物。城墙上有块巨石，因大自然的风化，酷似狰狞恐怖的鬼脸，所以这段石城遗址又名鬼脸城，是著名的石城风景区重要组成部分，已被列为江苏省重点文物保护单位。一九七五年，时任国务院副的邓小平同志专程陪同朝鲜首相金日成前来参观。

昔日的军事重地，召集已成为南京市著名的国防教育和爱国主义教育场所。她由国防教育馆、军兵种馆、英模馆、国防科技馆、重兵器场、模拟演练场和军体娱乐园等组成。“国防教育馆”名有原军委副主席刘华清题写;“军兵种馆”名由国防部长迟浩田题写;张爱萍、江渭清、杜平、向守志等领导也分别为国防园题了词。

右侧大草坪上的双拥模范城纪念碑，是南京市1993、1994、1997三年荣获全国“双拥模范城”称号后，收集了邓小平同志的手迹专门铸成的。石塑的两手紧握，象征军民携手并进;她像一个嘴巴，象征军民唇齿相依。

现在，我们看到的展览馆二楼，正是新近对外开放的“神舟”号飞船展示厅，厅内展出我国发射回收成功的“神舟”号载入飞船模型，它按照原物尺寸的三分之一，由国家航天工业总公司特为南京制作，这是全国首次公开展出的“神舟”号仿真模型，是寻常人不易看得见的。这个模型与“神舟”号飞船原物一模一样，这次可以请大家亲眼目睹并仔细参观拍照留念。这个展览馆内还同时展出了大量的长征火箭和宇宙飞船的大量实物照片及文字资料。这种参观机会也是不多的。

在展览馆的后面一座馆，正是大家最感兴趣，也是最有刺激的新近开放的“太空遨游馆”。它通过国家航天部特制的大型动感平台和宽银幕电影，运用高科技的声、光、电、3d动画和仿真模拟等手段，使观众随着座椅左右、上下、前后摇摆振动，加上配合默契的银幕视觉技术，您就仿佛逼真地乘在太空飞船里，进行紧张而又舒畅、惊险而又飘渺的“太空遨游”，使您产生身临其境，前所未有的感觉。“遨游太空、其乐无穷”。各位游客请不要失去这个难得的机会，不妨去亲自体验一下。

南京夫子庙，常简称夫子庙，是一座位于南京市秦淮河北岸贡院街的孔庙。“夫子”是孔子弟子对孔子的尊称。目前以夫子庙为中心、庙市街景合一的秦淮风光景区是集文化、旅游、购物、服务等功能于一体的文化活动中心。附近有夫子庙小学。

夫子庙景区的古建筑群由孔庙、学宫、江南贡院等组成，六朝至明清时，世家大族多聚于夫子庙一带，素有“六朝金粉地”之称，为江南文化枢纽之地，是秦淮风光的核心地带。夫子庙街市是中国著名的传统古街市。每年的春节至元宵节期间在夫子庙举行的金陵灯会是南京春节最重要的活动之一。

夫子庙始建于宋景佑元年(1034年)，由东晋学宫旧址扩建而成，称文宣王庙。南宋建炎时为兵火所毁，绍兴年间重建，为建康府学，同时建科举考场江南贡院;元朝为集庆路学，明初为国子监，后为应天府学;清朝成为江宁、上元两县县学，同治八年(1869年)重建之后，于1937年遭侵华日军焚烧而严重损毁。

1984年，市、区人民政府为保护古都文化遗产，经有关专家科学论证和规划，几度拨专款，历数年的精心维修和复建。如今的夫子庙已焕然一新，再展辉煌。被誉为秦淮名胜而成为古城南京的特色景观区，也是蜚声中外的旅游胜地。1991年被国家评为“中国旅游胜地四十佳”之一。

夫子庙前以秦淮河为泮池，北岸由整石雕琢成的石栏建于明正德九年(1520_年)，是南京夫子庙保留最完好的古代建筑;南岸石砖墙为照壁，建于明万历三年(1575年)，长110米，高10米;北岸庙前有聚星亭、思乐亭;中轴线上有棂星门、大成门、大成殿、明德堂、尊经阁;庙东有魁星阁。

江苏的夫子庙导游词3

各位游客，我们现在就来到了夫子庙。“六朝金粉地，十里秦淮河”，指的就是南京城南夫子庙地区的秦淮河风光带，自六朝起，这里就是居民商业集中地，为古都繁华地带。

我们现在站的地方是文德桥，这里有著名奇观“文德半月”，秦淮河水从我们脚下缓缓渡过，“十里秦淮”就是指东水关至西水关的水道。

夫子庙又称孔庙、文庙。它是祭祀我国古代著名的思想家、教育家孔子的地方。因为孔子在古代被人尊称为孔夫子，所以孔庙被称为“夫子庙”。它集旅游、休闲、文化、商业为一体，展现了六朝古都的风貌。

整个夫子庙建筑以大成殿为中心，从照壁至卫山，都是在一条南北中枢线上成方位对称的格局，具有典型的中国传统建筑风格。

文德桥之所以有半边月的奇景，是因为它与子午线的方向是一致的。大家向东看，有一堵红墙，经建于明代万历年间，是全国最大的照壁，长110米，照壁起着遮蔽和装饰作用。

这是盼池，当时文人洗墨之处，也是失火取水之处。

池的东边是魁星阁，魁在古代是保佑文人高中的星宿，有“魁星点斗，独占鳌头”之说。池的西边是聚星亭，是天下群星聚集的地方，盼池的北边是一个牌坊，这就是“天下文枢”坊，四个字意指天下文化聚集的中心。

游客们，我们穿过六柱三门的棂星门，就来到了大成门，在左右各有两块石碑，这就是“孔子问礼图碑”，上面刻有孔子从山东到南京向老子虚心请教的情景，蹬上露台，我们可以看到一尊孔子青铜雕像，高4.18米，这是我国最高的孔子铜像。在铜像之后就是孔庙的主体建筑大成殿，现在我们就到殿内看一看。

首先，我们看到的是一幅孔子巨幅画像，它高6.5米，宽3.15米，是我国最大的孔子画像，画像前是孔子四位门生的汉白玉雕像。

殿内有38幅由翡翠、玛瑙、黄金、鸡血石为材料制作的“孔子圣迹图”，它描述了孔子一生的生平事迹。

穿过大成殿来到学宫，这里是当年秀才学习的地方，学宫的主体建筑是“明德堂”是南宋民族英雄文天袢所题，德指“忠信，忠于国家，取信于民”。

明德堂前有一钟亭，内有礼运钟，还有一鼓亭，内有圣音鼓，是为纪念孔子2550周年所建，在明德堂后面还有尊经阁、崇圣祠、青云楼等。

大成殿外东西两侧是东西市，是当时进行商品买卖的地方，它充分展现了明末清初街市风貌，所以夫子庙特色还在于庙市合一。

各位游客：

走过棂星门，便是孔庙的正门，叫大成门，也叫戟门。门内侧有石碑四块。第一块是《孔子问礼图碑》，刻于南朝齐永明二年(484年)。记载了春秋末年奴隶制衰亡之际，孔子出于对周王朝礼乐制度的崇拜，抱着兴国安邦、济世访贤的愿望，于鲁昭公二十四年(公元前520_年)，从家乡曲阜去周王城洛阳考察典章制度，寻求巩固鲁国奴隶主政权办法的经历。碑的上半部有"孔子问礼图，吴敬恒题"的题字。图中是二人驾车，一组身穿古装人物在城门前欢迎的场面，还有"永明二年，孔子在鲁人周门礼周流"的字样。这块碑已有1500多年的历史了，图文仍清晰可辨，是难得的珍贵文物。第二块碑是《集庆孔庙碑》，碑文是元朝至大二年(1320_年)重建孔庙时由卢挚撰写的，到元至顺元年(1330年)，由纯斋王公书写刻石。第三块碑是《封四氏碑》，讲的是元至顺二年，文宗皇帝诏示：加封颜回、曾参(孔子的两个弟子)、孔极(孔子的孙子)、孟轲(孔子的再传弟子)为四亚圣之事。第四块碑是《封至圣夫人碑》，讲的是元至顺二年(1331年)，文宗皇帝颁旨加封孔子之妻为至圣夫人之事。

庙院两侧是碑廊(原来是供奉孔门七十二贤人牌位的地方)，廊内陈列了当代书法名家的碑刻30块。现在，请大家随我从中间的石雨道走。在进大成殿前，我先给大家介绍一下殿前的这个露天台子，这是祭祀和歌舞的地方。古时每年二月、八月的第一个丁日和孔子诞辰这一天(农历八月二十七日)，地方官吏都要在孔庙举行盛大的祭扫活动。祭祀采用的是酉周奴隶主祭天地鬼神的礼仪，在大成殿前摆上仿青铜器做的祭器，上供牛2头、猪16头、羊16头，以及大量布帛菽粟、干鲜果品、香纸蜡烛等。主祭人要穿特制的古装祭服，宣读祭文，向孔子及"四配"(孔子高徒)、"十二哲"(孔家子弟)牌位行三拜九叩礼，还配有乐队和舞队表演，以歌颂孔子，所以大成殿前要设舞台。现在请各位游客随我进人孔庙主殿--大成殿。这是一座气势巍峨，重檐庑殿顶，屋脊中央有双龙戏珠立雕的建筑。这种规格的建筑在全国也是屈指可数的。"大成"意思是孔子集古圣先贤思想之大成。大成殿内原先正中供奉的是孔子和他的四位高徒，两旁是孔家子弟塑像十二尊。现在的大成殿已被辟为"南京乡土文化博物馆"。请大家再往前走，这里便是夫子庙的学宫。门楣上方原来有"学宫"匾额，门外柏木牌坊，牌坊上题有"东南第一学"。牌坊的北面是四周围有木栏的花圃，左右有四书斋，是学子自修读书的地方。这四斋名称分别是"志道"、"据德"、"依仁"、"游艺"。后面是明德堂，这座建筑建于南宋绍兴九年(1139年)，堂名为文天祥所书。明德堂是学子集会的地方，每月朔望(农历初一和十五)朝圣后，学子在此集会，训导师宣讲圣教和上谕。

东墙有"卧碑"，就是训教的法规。左右横梁上悬挂着江宁府所属六县举贡员生题额。我们眼前的这座建筑是梨香阁，原来是祭祀孔子父母的崇圣祠，现改为游乐场了。东面那座建筑是青云楼，它建于明万历十四年(1586年)，是供把历代督学使的祠堂，初建时为三层楼，因为临近贡院，为防止有人从楼上偷看贡院，清代时改建成二层楼，上层用作藏书，下层是阅览室。清末废除科举后，改为小学，民国初年改为江宁县教育会，抗战时被用作开茶馆、歌场，战后曾先后作为民众教育馆和南京市通志馆。这也是旧学宫保留下来的为数不多的建筑之一。各位游客：参观完学宫建筑后，我们再去参观一下夫子庙的另一座古建筑群--贡院。

Chers visiteurs.Au cours de la visite dhier, jai organisé une visite dumausolée Zhongshan, du mausolée mingxiao, du temple linggu et de lancien sitedu palais présidentiel.Aujourdhui, je vous emmènerai visiter la rivière Qinhuaiet le temple Confucius.Qinhuaihe River Tourism Area, located in the South ofNanjing Old City, from the City, takes about 20 minutes to reach by car.Cest untemple Confucius comme centre, la visite, le shopping, la dégustation de saveurdans lun de laffichage de la ville antique et les coutumes nationales de ladestination touristique.

[origine et évolution historique de la rivière Qinhuai]

La rivière Qinhuai est une rivière qui a joué un r?le important dans ledéveloppement politique, économique et culturel de la ville antique deNanjing.On dit que la rivière Qinhuai est un canal artificiel que lempereur QINShihuang a ordonné de creuser.Qin Shihuang a visité lEst et a ordonné le foragede la montagne Fang pour communiquer avec la rivière Yangtze afin de faciliterla circulation des navires en passant par Nanjing. Par conséquent, cette sectionde la rivière a re?u le nom de "rivière Qinhuai".Cependant, selon létudegéologique, la rivière Qinhuai est une rivière naturelle avec une longuehistoire. ? cette époque, lancienne rivière traversait la montagne Fangshan,mais en raison des changements géographiques, la rivière a été détournée et aprogressivement formé le cours actuel de la riviè rivière Qinhuai danslhistoire a un large cours deau.Depuis que Yang xingmi, roi de Wu dans lescinq dynasties, a construit la ville de pierre autour du pont changgan, larivière a commencé à se rétrécir et a été divisée en "Qinhuai" intérieur etextérieur.? lintérieur de la rivière Qinhuai, la rivière Qinhuai est reliée àla rivière Qinhuai à lextérieur de la ville par le col de leau de lEst, letemple Confucius et le col de leau de lOuest au sud de la porte de leau del longueur totale de la rivière est de 10 km, ce qui fait quedinnombrables érudits et érudits célèbrent et jettent des louanges et destraces de "dix Li Qinhuai".Les grands poètes de la dynastie Tang, comme Li Bai,Liu Yuxi et du Mu, ont écrit des poèmes pour elle. Dans le fan de fleur de pêchede Kong shangren et lhistoire extérieure du confucianisme comme Wu Jing, ilsont également écrit des descriptions vives de "dix Li Qinhuai".

Lancienne rivière Qinhuai est très petite par rapport à la rivière Yangtzequi traverse le nord de la ville de Nanjing, mais elle est étroitement liée à lanaissance et au développement de la ville de Nanjing, ainsi quau développementpolitique, économique et culturel de la région de Nanjing.Au début de l?genéolithique, il y a cinq ou six mille ans, lhumanité sest développéeici.Jusquà présent, jusquà 50 ou 60 vestiges de villages primitifs ont ététrouvés le long des deux rives de la riviè Cour féodale des six dynastieset du début de la dynastie Ming la utilisé comme barrière naturelle de lacapitale et comme passage naturel pour le Palais impérial.Après la constructionde la ville de dingye (Nanjing), Sun Quan, dans lest du Wu, a été appelé "étangde barrière" sur les deux rives de la rivière Qinhuai, qui peut à la foisrésister à lennemi et à linondation.Depuis les six dynasties, les deux rivesde la rivière Qinhuai dans la région de fuzimiao ont été un endroit animé avecdes résidents denses et des marchés connectés. La rivière Qinhuai a servi deprincipal canal de commerce extérieur dans la région de Nanjing. Les bateaux onttraversé la rivière et une faction a prospéré.On dit que les anciens b?timentsde chant et de vin sur les deux rives de la rivière Qinhuai étaient bondés, lesmaisons de rivière et les pavillons deau rivalisaient pour la beauté, et lespeintures de yacht étaient à lépreuve des lumières. Les riches et les noblesvivaient ici à la recherche de la joie et de lengouement pour le papier. Lestravailleurs, en particulier les femmes, se lavaient le visage avec des larmeset go?taient lamertume du monde.? cette époque, la plupart des prostituées deNanjing se concentraient sur les deux rives de la rivière Qinhuai.Kong shangren,dramaturge de la dynastie Qing, dépeint Li xiangjun, une prostituée célèbre quina pas peur des puissants et des nobles dans peach blossom fan. Elle vit prèsdu pont Wende sur la rive sud de la rivière Qinhuai.

La belle rivière Qinhuai a traversé la solitude de lépoque sauvage, laprospérité et le luxe des six dynasties, la saleté de lancienne société et lesang et les larmes des travailleurs, et même le sang du massacre deNanjing.Cependant, la rivière Qinhuai daujourdhui, après la sédimentation delhistoire et la transformation du peuple, a émis un parfum sain et civilisé, amontré un style clair et émouvant.Cest un témoignage de lhistoire de Nanjing,pas étonnant que les gens soient habitués à "Qinhuai" comme synonyme deNanjing.

【 Qinhuai painting boat - danchi - Confucius Temple zhangbi - Temple frontSquare - fengxing gate】

Visiteur: maintenant nous sommes arrivés au bord de la rivière Qinhuai. Lespeintures et les défenses de la rivière sont faites selon le style architecturalde la dynastie Ming. Il y a de grandes boules de couleur rouge et des lanternesrouges accrochées à lavant du bateau.Chaque fois que le festival des lanternes,les Nanjing sont habitués à venir ici pour profiter des lumières.Cetteatmosphère a prévalu dans la dynastie Ming. Il est dit que Zhu yuanjin a visitéla capitale après la construction de la capitale dans la dynastie Ming.Quand ilest arrivé au bord de la rivière Qinhuai, il a vu lombre des arbres sur lesdeux rives de la rivière, la rivière est claire, les pavillons et les pavillons,le paysage est agréable, et a dit, "chérir la rivière manque de bateau decroisière."Lempereur ouvrit la bouche dor, et envoya des hommes à gauche et àdroite toute la nuit construire un bateau à peinture pour gagner la joie delempereur.Depuis lors, la visite de la peinture Qinhuai est devenue une grandecaractéristique ici.En particulier au Festival de la mi - automne, il y avaitdes milliers de lanternes deau sur la rivière, des Lanternes de dragon dansantsur les deux rives, des chansons, des tambours, des acclamations et des rirescontinus, qui ont duré toute la nuit, ce qui a vraiment été appelé "Qinhuailanternes dans le monde".Il nest pas étonnant que Nanjing ait un proverbepopulaire selon lequel ? chaque famille marche sur un pont et tout le monderegarde la lumière ?.

La rivière Qinhuai sous nos yeux est devenue le temple Confucius (templeConfucius) depuis la dynastie Song.Dans lantiquité, le Palais des conférencesde lempereur sappelait Pi Yong, le Palais des conférences des princessappelait Pan Palace, et le Palais du temple Confucius était équivalent àlendroit où les princes donnaient des conférences, de sorte que ce poolsappelait Pan pool.En général, il y a trois ponts en pierre sur le lac PAN. Entermes de grade, les fonctionnaires du comté et les fonctionnaires de lécolemarchent au milieu, tandis que les érudits marchent sur les deux c?tés dupont.Il est dit que dans lantiquité, un érudit sest égaré sur le pont central,a commis un crime de désordre, un dilemme, a d? sauter dans Pan Chi.

Sil vous pla?t, regardez le mur de brique rouge cramoisi de lautre c?téde la rivière, cest le mur du temple Confucius.Zhao Bi a été construit dans latroisième année de la dynastie Ming Wanli (lannée de Lize) et a une longueur de110 mètres. Cest la Couronne de Zhao Bi pour tout le monde.Visiteur: ce templeConfucius a été construit pour la première fois dans la troisième année dexiankang (337) de lempereur Cheng de la dynastie Jin orientale. ? cette époque,lempereur Cheng a adopté la suggestion de Wang Dao: "gouverner le pays enmettant laccent sur la culture des talents", et a décidé de créer uneuniversité sur les rives de la rivière Qinhuai.? lorigine, il ny avait que lePalais de lécole. Le temple Confucius a été construit dans la première année dejingpai de lempereur Renzong de la dynastie Song (1034) sur la base delapprentissage et de la richesse.Par conséquent, le temple Confucius est uneville animée qui a évolué du Centre culturel et éducatif. Il comprend le templeConfucius, le Palais de lécole et la Cour dhommage. Il est situé sur la rivenord de la rivière Qinhuai au Sud, à lextrémité est de la route Jiankang auNord, de la ruelle yaojia à lEst et de la ruelle Sifu à lOuest, avec unegrande échelle.Bien que le temple Confucius ait été endommagé à plusieursreprises, il a été reconstruit et agrandi dans toutes les dynasties. ? la fin dela dynastie Qing et au début de la République de Chine, la structure et ladisposition de ses b?timents et temples étaient les plus célèbres du Sud -Est.Les b?timents actuels du temple Confucius ont été reconstruits en partie àla fin de la dynastie Qing et en partie au cours des dernières années.Sil vouspla?t regardez en arrière, ce b?timent de style pavillon, appelé pavillonkuixing, il a été construit pour la première fois dans la dynastie QingQianlong.Le b?timent en bordure de la rue a été détruit à deux reprises etreconstruit en 1985.

Maintenant, nous sommes arrivés à la place devant le temple, qui a étéouverte par la dynastie Qing. Il y a deux stèles à lEst et à louest de laplace, et il y a un Zhang Xu haut. Il est gravé avec les mots Manchu et Han "Lesministres de lart et des arts martiaux descendent ici" pour montrer leurrespect pour Confucius.Le pavillon à double avant - toit hexagonal sur le c?tégauche sappelle le pavillon juxing, qui rassemble les étoiles et les talents.Ila été construit dans la 14ème année de Wanli (1586) de la dynastie Ming, et aété reconstruit par Zhu Fufeng et dautres dans la 8ème année de Tongzhi (1869)de la dynastie Qing.Cest le seul b?timent de la dynastie Qing qui a survécu àlartillerie japonaise. Malheureusement, il a été démoli comme "quatre vieux" en1968 et reconstruit en 1983 pour restaurer son apparence originale.Larche aucentre de la place sappelle "larche du Centre culturel du monde".Sil vouspla?t, suivez - moi.Cest la porte du temple Confucius.On dit que létoile ducanapé est létoile de lillumination dans le porte est en pierre, sixcolonnes et trois portes, construite dans la 16ème année de la dynastie MingChenghua (1480), détruite plus tard, et reconstruite dans la 9ème année deTongzhi (1870) de la dynastie Qing.Cependant, la porte polaire que nous voyonsmaintenant a été reconstruite en 1983.Les deux c?tés est et ouest de la portedes étoiles polaires sont East City et West City.

千佛岩在凤翔峰西南麓。闻名遐迩的“东飞天”就在中102号佛龛中。南齐永明七年(489年),明僧绍之子与智度禅师合作开凿三圣像以纪念明僧绍。梁大同六年(540年)三圣像佛龛上出现佛光,惊动齐梁贵族,于是纷纷前来凿石造像,从南朝齐永明二年至梁天监十年(484-511年)逐渐开凿而成。又据传,栖霞寺创建人僧绍曾梦见西岩壁上有如来佛光,于是立志在此凿造佛像。

他病故后,其子在南齐永明二年(484年)开始与僧智度禅师在西壁上凿佛龛,镌刻了三尊佛像,这三佛合称“西方三圣”,该殿也称“三圣殿”。所有佛像或五六尊一龛,或七八尊一室。佛像始有515尊,分凿于294个佛龛中,望之如峰房鸽舍,号称千佛崖。

后来,唐、宋、元、明各代相继在纱帽峰都有开凿,连南朝在内,共有700尊。佛像大者高数丈,小者仅盈尺。其中“大佛阁”为开凿时间最早、规模最大的一座石窟,凿于南齐永明七年(公元489年),正中无量寿佛坐像高达12米。

20__年南京旅游界要说有什么大事恐怕只有栖霞山发现“东飞天”,各大媒体更是抓住这一热点进行大量报道,学术界也展开了激烈的讨论,使“东敦煌”、“东飞天”蜚声海内外,很多人慕名而来。“东飞天”位于中102号佛龛中。

这个洞龛非常小,共有5座佛像,洞顶的两组飞天为橙色,线条清晰可辨,中间佛像头顶的火焰隐约可见。虽然仅有这么两对飞天,但这是我国所发现的最东部的“敦煌遗迹”。最近又传来消息称在千佛岩旁的舍利塔上又发现了飞天浮雕,其所用技法和人物线条皆与敦煌相似,据有关报道称,这一发现进一步丰富了"东敦煌"的文化内容。

舍利塔始建于隋仁寿元年(601年),始为木塔,后毁于唐武宗会昌年间。现存之塔系南唐时高

越、林仁肇建造。从栖霞寺南侧围墙外山路向东行不远,就可看到舍利塔,该塔用白石砌成,五层八面,高约18米。塔外壁上刻有浮雕,形象姿态生动传神。

As the saying goes: "Wu Chuming building is now four, water, sky and moonare double in ancient times." The four famous towers are yellow crane tower,Yuejiang tower, Yueyang Tower and Tengwang Pavilion. This summer vacation, I hadthe honor to visit Yuejiang building, one of the four famous buildings.

According to historical records, Zhu Yuanzhang of the Ming Dynasty settledthe mountains and settled the capital of Jinling, and wrote the famous story ofYuejiang tower, but later there was no building. Now the Yuejiang tower is builtby Nanjing municipal government in recent years. Yuejiang tower is located onthe top of the lion mountain. When you climb up the stairs, you will come to thefoot of Yuejiang tower. This is an ancient wooden pavilion standingmajestically. Red pillars, grey wall tiles, vermilion doors, glass cornices, onelayer after another, overlapping, very spectacular.

Walking into the hall on the ground floor, it is spacious and bright. Rightbelow the hall, a golden carved dragon chair is placed in the center, and fourexquisite tripods are placed in front of the chair. The golden bottom isengraved with two green dragons entwined together, which is the symbol ofancient emperors power. Just above the hall is the full text of Yuejiang towerwritten by Zhu Yuanzhang, a golden book, which occupies the north wall and ismagnificent. After a long time, the sunlight fell on the red carpet through thewindow lattice, as if returning to the distant ancient times in a trance.

Walking up the wooden building to the second floor, I was immediatelyimpressed by its exquisite architectural skills. All kinds of peculiar patternsare carved on the wooden fence. There are intertwined dragons, powerful lions,and bizarre unicorns. They are so delicate that their noses, eyes, and beardsare clearly engraved. The beams were beautifully painted. There are West Lakescenery, cemetery scenery, Yuanmingyuan Ruins, the great wall and so on. Thereare many patterns and bright colors.

Along the stairs came to the top, look around, see the surging riverrolling eastward. River, cruise ships, passenger ships shuttle like to come andgo, sometimes issued a distant flute sound. The Yangtze River Bridge stretchesacross the river. Tall bridgeheads stand at the north and south ends of thebridge. Crisscross overpasses, roaring trains and high-rise buildings give you apanoramic view. This is the reason why Yuejiang tower is named. When a gust ofwind blows, the copper bell as big as the bowl mouth on the cornice makes aclear "Ding Ding" sound, which is really pleasing to the eye.

This situation, this scene, just as the ancient poem said: "want to poorthousands of miles, more on a higher level."

游完学宫，向东过贡院西街走数十米，就是江南贡院。利用这一段时间，我给大家介绍一下夫子庙的其他情况。夫子庙地区除了夫子庙自身建筑之外，还有更为引人注目的民风民俗、特色市场和风味小吃。

其一，南京人向有过灯节的习俗，六朝时期佛兴灯旺，作为帝王之都的南京，每至元宵节，灯火满市井，为全国之冠。明朝时放灯时间延长，正月初八为上灯节。十八日为落灯节，是我国历史上为时最长的灯节，那时南京人几乎“家家走桥，人人看灯”，由此，延至清代以及近代，南京灯节都极为隆重，以夫子庙地区为最盛。建国以后，夫子庙灯会在政府的支持和组织下，每年的正月，夫子庙的大街小巷、店堂铺面、河房屋顶都挂满了各式各样的彩灯，前来观赏的人群络绎不绝，熙熙攘攘，煞是壮观，其规模之大、延续时间之长、灯彩式样之多，在全国同类灯会中均名列前茅。

其二，夫子庙除了它的文化特色外，其商业文化也比较发达，首先是夫子庙建筑群两侧的东、西二市就以其丰富的工艺美术晶、古玩、字画及其他文化用品交易而显示出文化的商业性价值，其次在夫子庙还有小商品市场、花鸟虫鱼市场和古玩、珍藏品交易市场，体现了南京人的一种闲适心态和文化品位。夫子庙已成为现代商品云集的商业中心区之一。

其三，夫子庙还是南京四时茶食的发源地,随着各种节令的更替和食俗的形成，夫子庙秦淮小吃因时更新，各种茶食店铺，摊贩小吃，应有尽有，成为我国东南地区历史最久、最独具特色的饮食文化旅游区。从泮池文德桥至文源桥方圆百米左右的市面，风味饮食店就有数十家之多。可谓咸甜荤素风味迥异;东西南北各有千秋。最著名的店面有百年老店永和园、六凤居、老正兴、奇芳阁、蒋有记等，风味名点和小吃有数百种，极大地强化了夫子庙的区域性特征。

南京海底世界向游人展示了中国水族馆的发展过程，从中国古代的宫廷式水族缸到模拟自然的热带雨林，让您欣赏到那色泽鲜艳、体形骄小的珊瑚鱼与淡水热带鱼。亚马逊河流域的热带丛林，大树参天，鸟叫雷鸣，五彩缤纷的各种热带造景配上那些亚马逊河的贵客，全部展现在面前。来自南京海底世界寒冷地区的斑海豹准备表演一场好戏。

从南美洲秘鲁远到而来的贵客洪氏环企鹅个个精神抖擞，恭侯游客的到来。大海的潮起潮落在海边形成了一些浅水塘，那里生活着无数的小生命，在这里可以亲身感受海的氛围。踏上自动平梯呈现游客眼前的是南京海底世界的精华--海底隧道，全长74米，180度的环绕亚克力玻璃让游客领略到海洋的博大，是它孕育着奇妙无比的各种生命。重达200多斤的大海龟，3米多长的鲨鱼，直径1米多的魟鱼等等从头上休闲自在的游过，个个千奇百怪，美不胜数，使游客流连忘返，目不暇接。表演区惊魂动魄的人鲨共舞表演更是紧张刺激。海底影院更是游客了解海洋、学习保护海洋知识的第二课堂。顺着楼梯将游客送入具有欧美风格的自选礼品店，可以随意选购所需礼品。

南京海底世界通过古代宫廷展缸与现代化玻璃隧道有机结合、传统的海洋生物馆与高科技养殖技术相结合，向人们展示了一种纯朴而高雅、先进、高品位的现代化大型海洋馆。

南京海底世界是融教育与娱乐为一体的大型娱乐场所，占地面积约为三万多平方米，建筑面积约为一万多平方米。海底世界共分为水族馆和海豚馆两个项目。其中水族馆是由大厅、电脑教室、亭廊、热带雨林、企鹅馆、触摸池及海底隧道等部分组成的。南京海底世界水族馆展示了300多种、10000多尾海洋生物。在20__年1月1号，海底世界水族馆内又开辟了一个新项目——水母展示区。展示区展示的是“海月水母”，这些水母由南京海底世界在20__年从海外引进，经过工作人员长达7个月的精心繁殖和饲养，已经可以在展示缸中自由自在的生活了。它们的展出充分证明了南京海底世界已掌握了国内领先的水母繁殖和饲养技术。

Hello, everyone! Today we are going to visit the Confucius Temple on theBank of Qinhuai River. Speaking of Confucius Temple, we have to talk aboutQinhuai River, the mother river of Nanjing people. Qinhuai River, also known ashuaishui, Xiaojiang and longzangpu, is the ancient origin of Nanjing culture. Itenters the city from dongshuiguan and leaves the city from xishuiguan. It flowsthrough the section about ten li in front of the Confucius Temple, so it iscalled "ten li Qinhuai". From ancient times to the present, both sides of theQinhuai River are a prosperous scene. Du Mus poem in the Tang Dynasty says:"smoke cage, cold water cage, sand cage, Night Mooring Qinhuai near therestaurant. Business women do not know the hatred of national subjugation, butthey still sing "the flowers in the back court" across the river. Afterliberation, with the vigorous construction of Nanjing municipal government,todays ten mile Qinhuai River has become a national 5A scenic spot showing theunique style of Jiangnan.

The Confucius Temple consists of Confucius Temple, Academy and Gongyuan. Inthe Eastern Jin Dynasty, the imperial court built the Academy here; in the SongDynasty, the Confucius Temple was expanded on the former site of the Academy; inthe Southern Song Dynasty, the imperial examination hall Gongyuan was opened.However, the Confucius Temple was destroyed and built five times in history. Thelast one was destroyed in 1937 by the Japanese invaders. Todays ConfuciusTemple was rebuilt after 1984.

Temple Square (2 minutes)

Dear tourists, now we come to the square in front of the Confucius Temple.The integration of temple and market is one of the most remarkablecharacteristics of Confucius Temple. The square is a temple in the verticaldirection and a city in the horizontal direction. The temple and market areintegrated into a unique atmosphere. The red wall behind you is called Zhaobi,which has the functions of shielding, avoiding evil spirits and decoration. Itis 110 meters long and is the largest in China. The semicircular pool in frontof Zhaobi is called panchi. In ancient times, the place where the emperorlectured was called Biyong, the school palace where the princes lectured wascalled panchi, and the school palace of Confucius Temple was equivalent to theplace where the princes lectured. Therefore, this pool is called panchi. Thebridge on the west side of panchi is called Wende bridge, which is named for theConfucian advocating the moral of writing. Because the direction of the bridgeis consistent with the meridian, it is cultivated every year Around the 15th dayof November, the reflection of the bright moon in the sky will be divided intotwo parts by the shadow of the bridge. This spectacle is called "Wende dividingthe moon". There is a star gathering Pavilion on the west side of Wende BridgeSquare, which means "stars gather, talents gather". Facing this large archway,it is the "world Wenshu archway". The shape is four pillars and three doors,which means that it is the center of world culture. There is Kuixing Pavilion onthe south side of the archway. In ancient times, it was said that Kuixing was asign of prosperity of literature and also a symbol of winning the first place inthe imperial examination. Therefore, Kuixing was regarded as a God by studentsof all ages. In the north of the square is the Lingxing gate. It is said thatthe Lingxing gate is the cultural star in the sky and the star cluster in chargeof education. The reason for its name is that it means that the scholars of theworld gather here.

Dachengmen, terrace (1 minute)

Dacheng gate is the main gate of Dacheng hall and the main gate ofConfucius Temple. In the ancient feudal hierarchy, only officials could go inand out from Dacheng gate, while ordinary scholars could only go in and out fromthe side gate. Two big characters, Li and Ren, are engraved on the walls on bothsides behind the door, which are the core of Confucius thought and his lifelonggoal. Behind the Dacheng gate and in front of the Dacheng hall, there is acorridor. On both sides of the corridor, there are eight of the twelve studentsof Confucius. They are all carved from white jade of Han Dynasty. They are minsang, ran Geng, ran Qiu, Duanmu Ci, ran Yong, Zai Yu, Yan Yan Yan and Zhong you.At the end of the corridor is a terrace, which is 1.4 meters high, 21.8 meterslong from east to west, and 14 meters wide from north to south. It is surroundedby stone railings. In front of the terrace are two dragon play pearls and Danbistones, and on both sides are stone lamps. The terrace is a place for sacrifice,singing and dancing. In the middle of the terrace is a bronze statue ofConfucius. In front of the bronze statue is an iron censer, engraved with thetitle of "supreme saint and forerunner". With a height of 4.18 meters and aweight of 2.37 tons, the bronze statue is the largest one in the Confuciantemples in China. On both sides of the terrace, there used to be two verandahs,which were used to worship the memorial tablets of the 72 sages of Confucius andto store sacrificial, ceremonial and dancing utensils. Now they are reduced tosmall two verandahs and changed into stele corridors. There are more than 30steles with ink marks of famous calligraphers such as Zhao Puchu, Lin Sanzhi andWu Zhongqi for tourists to enjoy.

Dacheng Hall (2 minutes)

Dacheng hall is the landmark of Confucius Temple, 16.22 meters high, 27.3meters wide and 27.9 meters deep. The words "Dacheng hall" are written on thesea blue vertical plaque under the front eaves. There is a standing sculpture oftwo dragons playing with pearls on the roof of Dacheng hall, which is the firstof its kind in China. The light and beautiful style of the roof covered withgreen tiles is obviously different from that of the northern Confucius Templewith yellow glazed tiles. It is more easygoing and popular, which is one of themanifestations of Nanjing Confucius Temple closer to folk culture. In the centerof the hall, there is the largest portrait of Confucius in China. On the top ofthe portrait are three plaques, all of which are written by emperors of pastdynasties. They are "model of the world" by Kangxi, "with heaven and earth" byQianlong, and "Si Wen Zai Zi" by Guangxu. In front of the portrait stand fourstudents of Confucius, namely Mencius, Kongji, Zengshen and Yanhui. In front ofthe portrait are ancient musical instruments such as Qin, guzheng and drum. Onthe walls around, there are 38 inlaid murals reflecting Confucius life anddeeds, which are "the picture of Confucius miracles", carved by 200 craftsmenin Yueqing, Zhejiang Province, using famous jade, chicken blood jelly, Shoushanstone, gold, jewelry and other precious ornaments from Zhejiang, Fujian, InnerMongolia, Guangdong, Guangxi and other places. The total investment is 5.8million yuan, and the current value is more than 100 million yuan The 38 muralsare: the picture of the holy trace, the preface of the title, the prayer ofNishan, the book of Qilin jade, the two dragons and five elders, etc.

Inscriptions (1 minute)

From Dacheng hall, the ancient well on the right is Yutu spring. Accordingto records, Yutu spring was discovered and excavated by Qin Hui. Beside thespring stands the stele of raising money for imperial examinations, whichrecords the history of Li Hongzhang and Zuo Zongtangs donation of examineesfees to Beijing in the period of Liangjiang governor. On the other side, thereare four steles, the most famous of which is the stele of Confucius asking forrites, which was carved in the Southern Dynasty. It records the story ofConfucius seeking for rites from Laozi in Luoyang, the city where the emperorlived from the state of Lu to the state of Zhou, when slavery was about tocollapse at the end of the spring and Autumn period. In addition, it is the onlythree steles in Nanjing, namely, the stele of Jiqing Confucius Temple and thestele of fengzhishengfu The stele of man and the stele of FengSi.

A school: school gate (30 seconds), Mingde Hall (1 minute 30 seconds),Zunjing Pavilion and its surroundings (1 minute)

The academy is located in the rear of Dacheng hall. It is inscribed on thelintel of the gate in the south by Zeng Guofan, and on the lintel of the gate inthe north by Qin Dashi, the number one scholar in the southeast. Entering thegate of the Academy, you can see a bell and a drum standing in the two pavilionson the left and right. On the forehead of the pavilions are the words "Xi Li"and "Yang Sheng", which were used by scholars to worship Confucius in ancienttimes.

Facing the gate of the school is Mingde hall, whose name is inscribed byWen Tianxiang. Mingde hall is the place where students gather. After thepilgrimage every month, students gather here to teach their tutors to preach theholy doctrine and the imperial edict, so as to cultivate their loyalty andpatriotism. Ming De Tang was originally named "Ming Lun Tang". When the yuanarmy was about to conquer Nanjing, Wen Tianxiang changed "Ming Lun Tang" to"Ming De Tang" by hand in order to show his determination to die rather thansurrender and his ambition to serve the country and the people.

The Zunjing Pavilion behind Mingde hall is three stories high, with doubleeaves and T-shaped ridges on the top of the mountain. It was a lecture hallwhere Confucian classics were stored and lectures were given. Now it is a museumof folk customs. Standing side by side with Zunjing pavilion are Chongshengtemple and Qingyun tower. Zunjing academy is divided into two sides behindZunjing Pavilion. Chongsheng temple was originally dedicated to Confuciusancestors, but now it is pear garden. Qingyun building was changed into alibrary in the Qing Dynasty. Zunjing academy is a place for lectures, which isequivalent to the present classroom. The small highland behind Zunjing Pavilionis called Weishan, with Jingyi pavilion built. The so-called "Jingyi" is thedevotion to Confucianism.

Other (1 minute)

Ladies and gentlemen, the Confucius Temple is prosperous during the day,and the Confucius Temple at night is even more colorful! As early as thenorthern and Southern Dynasties, there was a Jinling Lantern Festival on theQinhuai River, and it reached its peak in the Ming Dynasty. The Qinhuai River inthe sound of oars and lights is unique in the world. Todays Confucius Templefollows the Huizhou architectural style of "blue brick, small tile, horse headwall, cloister with falling flowers and windows". When tourists come here, theycan not only appreciate the traditional culture, but also taste the uniqueQinhuai snacks, explore the legend of Qinhuai Bayan, enjoy the scenery on bothsides of the Strait by Qinhuai boat, or explore the traces of celebrities suchas Wuyi lane, former residence of Wang Dao xiean and former residence of LiXiangjun. This is the end of my explanation. Thank you!

B Gongyuan front street, Mingyuan building (1 minute 30 seconds)

Now we come to the front street of Gongyuan. There are six statues standingin the street. They are all talented people from all dynasties. They are TangYin, Wu Chengen, Zheng Banqiao, Wu Jingzi, Lin Zexu and Zhang Jian. On the eastside of the sculpture, there are 11 stone tablets, which record the rise andfall of the Gongyuan, as well as the praise, evaluation and chanting ofemperors, ministers and celebrities. In front of the front street is theGongyuan, on which there are couplets inscribed by Li Yu. It was built in theSouthern Song Dynasty and is specially used for holding imperial examinations.At first, the number of examinees was small and the scale was not large. It wasonly used for the examination of government and county schools. When the numberof examinees increased, it even needed to borrow temples as temporaryexamination rooms. In the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, the Gongyuan wasrebuilt. Later, the scale of Nanjing Gongyuan continued to expand. When it wasofficially named "Jiangnan Gongyuan" in the Qing Dynasty, it reached anunprecedented trend, starting from yaojiaxiang in the East, In the west, thereare more than 20000 houses, bordering on the Qinhuai River in the South andJiankang road in the north. After the Republic of China, Gongyuan was neglected.Until today, only Mingyuan building has been preserved as a historical relic.Mingyuan building was used for warning and giving orders in the past imperialexaminations. In the arch on the first floor, there are stone tablets of Ming,Qing and Republic of China, which record the rise and fall of Jiangnan Gongyuanin detail and effectively preserve the scene of imperial examination hall infeudal times. In the 1980s, the relevant departments established "JiangnanGongyuan exhibition hall" here.

Dormitory (1 minute)

Now more than 40 houses have been restored in Gongyuan. In the order ofthousand characters, the houses are 6 feet high, 4 feet deep and 3 feet wide,with an area of no more than 1.5 square meters. There are only two boards ondisplay. Examinees have to stay in it for 9 days and have three exams. Eating,drinking and sleeping are all here. During the day, they answer questions on thechopping board, and at night, they close their clothes and sleep on the choppingboard. We can imagine the hardships of the examination in those years. In thewest side of Gongyuan, wax figures were used to show the examinees attitudes.In the east side was the tourist experience area. Interested friends canexperience it.

To court (1 minute 30 seconds)

The imperial examination began in the Sui and Tang Dynasties and ended inthe late Qing Dynasty, which lasted for 1300 years. In the Ming and QingDynasties, it gradually formed four levels of examination, namely, childrensexamination, rural examination, general examination and palace examination. The"Zhigong hall" you can see in front of you used to be the public land run by theexaminers. The word "Zhigong" means "fair, just and equal". Now it is theimperial examination exhibition room, which is divided into three exhibitionhalls: East, West and East. In the middle of the exhibition hall is the imperialexamination culture exhibition room, in which there is a sculpture of Kuixingsfighting and monopolizing the first place. The horizontal shape next to it showsthe situation of No Its often spectacular. The pictures and materials on thewalls around introduce the origin and development of Chinas imperialexamination system. The number one scholar hall on the east side displays a listof the number one scholar in China. On the west side is the hall of fame, whichdisplays celebrities related to Jiangnan Gongyuan, as well as some pictures andmaterials related to the imperial examination.

This concludes the explanation of Confucius Temple. Thank you!

远古人类的足迹，随着时代推移而遍及今日的南京。东郊汤山出土了距今约30万～50万年的“南京猿人”完整的头骨化石；溧水县神仙洞发现了距今一万年以前的“溧水人”遗址。

距今6000多年前，南京鼓楼岗西北侧的北阴阳营和玄武湖畔、长江岸边开始出现新石器时代的原始村落，聚居着南京的初民。3000多年前，沿江河地带，已经相当密集地分布着青铜时代的居民聚落，以秦淮河中游的湖熟镇一带较为集中，称为“湖熟文化”。

公元前472年，越王勾践灭吴后，在今中华门西南侧建城，开创了南京的城垣史。公元前333年，楚威王大败越国，于石头山筑城置金陵邑，金陵之称亦因此而得名。秦汉时期，南京地区随经济发展而建县渐多。汉末三国鼎立之初，公元229年，孙权在武昌称帝，9月即迁都于此，称作建业，为南京建都之始。公元317年，晋琅琊王司马睿建立东晋政权，以建康（今南京）为国都，这是南京城市发展史上的第一个高峰时期。此后，南朝宋、齐、梁、陈相继定都建康，史称“六代豪华”，南京由此有“六朝古都”的美称。公元937年，南京成为南唐的首都，称为江宁府，这是南京城市发展史上的第二个高峰期。1368年，朱元璋在应天府称帝，建立明朝，以“应天”为“南京”，第一次成为一统天下的全国首都。由此，南京城市发展进入又一高峰期，南京都城为当时世界第一大城。1853年，太平天国定都于此，改名天京。1912年元旦，中华民—国成立，孙中山在南京就任中华民—国临时大总统。

“金陵自古帝王州”，从中古到近现代，继孙吴之后，东晋、宋、齐、梁、陈、南唐、明朝、太平天国以及中华民—国先后定都南京，共455年，史称“十代故都”，留下了丰富的文化文化遗产。

1949年4月23日南京解放，成为中央人民政府直辖市。1952年9月，南京为江苏省省辖市。1953年1月1日，江苏省人民政府成立，南京为江苏省省会。1994年2月，经国务院同意，中央机构编制委员会明确南京的行政级别为副省级。

南京是中国重要的综合性工业生产基地。南京的电子、化工生产能力在国内城市中居第二位，车辆制造规模居第三位，机械制造业的技术、规模居国内领先地位，家用电器业、建材工业也都具有较大规模。南京是华东地区重要的交通、通讯枢纽，建立了全方位、立体化、大运量的交通运输网络，铁路、公路、水运、空运、管道五种运输方式齐全，拥有现代化的通讯体系。南京是全国四大科研教育中心城市之一，是全国重要的高教、科研基地，拥有一批国内一流的高校和科研机构。被国家9个部委列为中国投资硬环境“四十优”城市之一。

先后被评为中国城市综合实力“五十强”第五名、国家园林城市、中国优秀旅游城市、全国科技兴市先进城市、全国双拥模范城市、全国城市环境综合整治10佳城市、全国科技进步先进城市、国家环境保护和国家卫生城市等称号。

古老的秦淮河玉带般蜿蜒舒展，站立桥头，眼前宛然是历史在悠悠流过；点缀两旁的玄武湖和莫愁湖静如处子，似在幽然倾诉；钟山、栖霞山迤逦悠长，“神龙”般延续着千年的守卫；金陵古城默然而立，城内的沧桑繁华刻写着它的年轮。

南京文化古迹遍布，从中可以探寻历史的源头：中山陵依山而建，结构严整，观之而生一股浩然之气；夫子庙建筑群古色古香，漫步其间，让你体味明清时代的市井繁荣；中华门气势宏伟，设计巧妙，置身城内，壁垒森然，耳边似有战马嘶鸣；此外还有灵谷寺、石象路、三国东吴所筑石头城遗址、明代朱元璋的陵墓（明孝陵）以及革命纪念地雨花台等，引人遐思无限。

古老悠久的文化遗产，现代文明的经济都市，与蔚为壮观的自然景观构成了南京独特的园林城市风貌。

秦淮河是古老的南京文化渊源之地，而内秦淮河从东水头至西水关全长4.2公里的沿河两岸，从六朝起便是望族聚居之地，商贾云集，文人荟萃，儒学鼎盛，素有“六朝金粉”之誉。自六朝至明清，十里秦淮的繁华景象和特有的风貌，曾被历代文人所讴歌。

东晋咸康三年(337年)，夫子庙始建，根据王导提议“治国以培育人材为重”，立太学于秦淮河南岸。当年只有学宫，并未建孔庙。

北宋景祐元年(1034年)，孔庙就东晋学宫扩建而成，因祭奉孔夫子，故又称夫子庙。在学宫的前面建孔庙，目的是在于希望士子遵循先圣先贤之道，接受封建教化。

南宋建炎年间遭兵火焚毁。

南宋绍兴九年(1139年)又重建，称建康府学。

元朝时期，改为集庆路学。

明初为国子学，将上元、江宁两县学并入，后为应天府学。

清朝时期，将府学迁至城北明国子监旧址，将夫子庙原府学故地改为江宁、上元两县县学。

清朝咸丰年间再次毁于兵火。

清朝同治八年(1869年)重建。

民国二十六年(1937年)，抗日战争时被日军焚毁而严重损毁。

1984年，市、区人民政府为保护古都文化遗产，经有关专家科学论证和规划，几度拨专款，历数年的精心维修和复建。在东起桃叶渡，西抵中华门1.8公里的秦淮河两侧，一批文物古迹和旅游景点得到了恢复和建设，还兴建了高低错落、富有地方传统特色的河厅河房、歌楼舞榭，以及商业街众多的书肆、小吃店、茶馆与酒楼，并在河上恢复了绝迹多年的“秦淮画舫”。

1985年，修复夫子庙古建筑群，周围茶肆、酒楼、店铺等建筑也都改建成明清风格，夫子庙建筑群由孔庙、学宫、江南贡院荟萃而成，是秦淮风光的精华。临河的贡院街一带则为古色古香的旅游文化商业街。同时按历史上形成的庙会的格局， 复建了东市场、西市场。 这里供应的传统食品和风味小吃。.每年农历正月初一至十八，举行夫子庙灯会。

经过十多年的努力，先后投资10多个亿，恢复建设了大成殿、明德堂、尊经阁、江南贡院、乌衣巷、王谢古居、吴敬梓故居等20多处、30多万平方米古建筑，亭、台、楼、阁、殿错落有致，再现了明清江南街市风貌和古秦淮河厅、河房景观，六朝、明清文化得到进一步挖掘和展示。形成了小商品、古玩字画、花鸟鱼虫等一批特色鲜明的市场群，成为南京商业中心之一。

各位游客朋友们，现在我们位于莫愁湖，莫愁湖是一座有着1500年悠久历史和丰富人文资源的江南古典名园，为六朝胜迹，自古有“江南第一名湖”、“金陵第一名胜”、“金陵四十八景之首”等美誉。园内楼、轩、亭、榭错列有致，堤岸垂柳，海棠相间，湖水荡漾，碧波照人。胜棋楼、郁金堂、赏河厅、水榭、抱月楼、光华亭、曲径回廊等掩映在山石松竹、花木绿荫之中，一派“欲将西子莫愁比，难向烟波判是非。莫愁湖公园是一座有着1500年悠久历史和丰富人文资源的江南古典名园，为六朝胜迹。公园现有面积为58.36公顷，其中水面为32.36公顷。园内楼、轩、亭、榭错列有致，堤岸垂柳，水中海棠。胜棋楼、郁金堂、水榭、抱月楼、曲径回廊等掩映在山石松竹、花木绿荫之中。莫愁湖自古有“江南第一名湖”、“金陵第一名胜”、“金陵四十八景之首”等美誉。

莫愁湖，六朝时称横塘。全园面积54公顷，湖面约33.3公顷。在宋、元时即有盛名，明朝定都南京后更盛极一时。清乾隆年间，在园内建郁金堂，筑湖心亭，遂成“金陵第一名湖”。莫愁湖内湖面宽阔，盛产莲藕，莲花十顷更是六代名湖引人入胜之处。远在明清，莫愁湖就栽植了大量莲花，每逢炎夏，莲花盛开，翠盖红花，香风阵阵，恍若绝代的凌波仙子，出淤泥而不染。

莫愁湖名字由来的故事：莫愁是河南洛阳人，幼年丧母，与父亲相依为命。她文静，聪明好学，采桑、养蚕、纺织、刺绣样样拿的起来。邻居家的小孩念书，她听着记着，不但识的些字，连诗文也能吟咏几句，莫愁还和父亲学了一手采药治病的本领。十五岁那年，父亲在采药途中不幸坠崖身亡，莫愁因家境贫寒，只得卖身葬父。当时卢员外在洛阳做生意，见莫愁纯朴美丽，很同情她，便帮助莫愁料理了爹爹后事，带她来到建康，从此，莫愁嫁进卢家，成了员外的儿媳。莫愁婚后和丈夫恩恩爱爱，第二年生下了一个白白胖胖的儿子，取名阿候。虽然生活富裕，可莫愁时常想念家乡，怀念父亲，只有帮助穷人治病时才感觉快慰露出笑容。穷人们时常说：我们有了病啊痛啊的，见了莫愁，就什么忧愁也没啦!长此以往，莫愁女的名字就传开了。一日，梁武帝闻报水西门外卢家庄园牡丹花开，便着便服来员外家赏花，只见牡丹花交错如锦，夺目如霞，梁武帝惊得如痴如醉，遂问员外：此花何人所栽?卢员外跪答：此乃儿媳莫愁所栽。梁武帝不禁怦然心动，当即令传莫愁见驾。梁武帝见到莫愁如花容貌，不由神魂颠倒。回宫后，寝食难安，终于想出毒计，害死了卢公子，传旨选莫愁进宫为妃。莫愁得知，悲愤交加，决心宁为玉碎，不为瓦全，投石城湖而死。四周乡邻得知，纷纷来到湖边痛苦拜祭，怎么也不肯相信这么好的女子会投湖自尽。有人传说深夜听到莫愁的哭泣声，也有人说看到天上落下一只小船，载着莫愁悠悠而去……人们深深怀念她，为了纪念她，将石城湖改名为莫愁湖。梁武帝闻讯，自感惭愧，于是写下了《河中水之歌》：河中之水向东流，洛阳女儿名莫愁。莫愁十三能织绮，十四采桑南陌头，十五嫁为卢家妇，十六生子字阿候。卢家兰室桂为梁，中有郁金苏合香，头上金钗十二行，足下丝履五文章，珊瑚挂镜烂生光，平头奴子擎履箱。人生富贵何所望，恨不早嫁东家王。在她的故居郁金堂侧赏荷厅的莲花池内，塑起了一尊二米高的汉白玉塑像，为南京标志性景点之一。

莫愁湖内湖面宽阔，盛产莲藕，莲花十顷更是六代名湖引人入胜之处。莫愁湖公园里有大量海棠树，每年春季，海棠花便会盛开，有红的、有白的、有粉的......因此莫愁湖公园每年也会举行一年一度的海棠花会。

__年五一起莫愁湖公园从日本引进的大批鸢尾花卉在鸢尾专类园于游客见面。鸢尾专类园坐落在院内北圩水榭周边。是国内首家品种最多、栽植规模最大的菖蒲专类园。该园占地15亩，园中菖蒲遍植，以道路为界划分为黄菖蒲栽植区、燕子花栽植区、溪荪栽植区、品种栽植区。园内花卉品种丰富、色彩艳丽、花瓣各异、花型多变，形成了美丽的自然景观。

以石头城为中心，清凉山、石头城等古迹名胜，与山、水、城、林交融一体，形成虎踞壮观、古朴自然、幽雅寂静的景观特色。

莫愁湖公园位于水西门外，相传湖滨曾居住过少女莫愁而名。历史上有关莫愁女的传说流传很广，说法不一。后为明初中山王徐达的私家花园。园内有胜棋楼、郁金堂、湖心亭、赏荷厅等景点。荷风芦雪，揽胜四时，被称为“金陵第一名胜”和“南京第一名湖”，在清代金陵四十八景中得“莫愁烟雨”的美誉。

清凉山位于城西汉中门内，石城虎踞即指今清凉山。园内古木参天，山势险要，古迹甚多，主要名胜有清凉寺、扫叶楼、崇正书院、驻马坡等。

乌龙潭公园位于清凉山东，以湖光山色为胜，清幽典雅，花木扶疏，历史上曾享有“城西之冠”的盛誉。环潭景点布局精巧合理，建筑典雅工致。

中华织锦村位于江东门，展示了中国各民族的织锦技艺，除收藏有不同民族、不同时代的织机和织锦实物外，还现场向游客表演织锦的生产过程和工艺。游人至此，可以了解中国织锦工艺的历史和技艺，购买各种精美名贵的织锦工艺品。

4、大江风貌区

本景区借万里长江奔腾之势，以山秀、洞幽、江深、矶奇为特色，沿江三十里散布着燕

子矶等众多的名胜。建成于1968年，是一座由我国自己设计建造的双层双线公路、铁路两用桥。铁路桥全长6772米，宽14米，公路桥全长4589米，宽19.5米。正桥的路栏上，镶嵌着200幅浮雕，正桥两端建有4座高70米的桥头堡。南北两岸的公路引桥由富有民族特色的双孔双曲拱桥组成。大桥建成后，天堑变通途，“天堑飞虹”遂成为金陵新四十景之一。

燕子矶位于城北观音门外东北直渎山。因石峰突兀临江，三面悬绝，远眺此处，形若燕子展翅，凌空欲飞，故名燕子矶。燕子矶总扼大江，地势险要，矶下浪涛轰鸣，潮涌壮观，自古以来是过江的重要渡口，也是军事要地。明代以后，燕子矶成为文人墨客登临抒怀的游览胜地。矶顶有御碑亭，登上矶头，遥望江北，江天一色。入夜，燕子矶上明月如水，碎银满江，“燕子夕照”亦为金陵美景之一。

5、栖霞风景区

位于南京东北郊，区内主要景点有：栖霞山、栖霞寺、舍利塔、千佛岩、南朝陵墓群及石刻。

栖霞寺位于栖霞山中峰西麓，始建于南齐永明七年(489年)，至今已有1500年历史，南朝时成为江南三论宗的祖庭。与山东长清的灵岩寺、湖北荆山的玉泉寺、浙江天台的国清寺齐名，并称“天下四大丛林”。现寺院为清光绪三十四年(1908年)重建，是南京地区最大的佛寺。寺内有鉴真大师纪念堂、国内著名的藏经楼。藏经楼南侧有建筑精美、风格独特的舍利塔及名闻中外的石窟——千佛岩。中国佛学院栖霞寺分院即设在寺内，是江苏地区的佛教中心。

南朝石刻南京周围保存着丰富的六朝文物古迹，在市区东北郊太平门外甘家巷、太平村一带就有30多处南朝帝王陵墓石刻。石刻可分为帝王陵和王公贵族墓两类，帝王陵前的石兽是天禄、麒麟，王公贵族墓前的石兽是辟邪。南朝陵墓石刻已历经1500多年的沧桑，至今仍较完好，尤其是那些石兽，昂首挺胸，飞跃灵动，惹人喜爱。

6、南郊风景区

包括雨花台、菊花台、牛首山、祖堂山等景点。这里风景优美，历史遗迹众多。六朝时期，这一带寺庙林立，其中以大报恩寺、天界寺最为著名，原大报恩寺佛塔是中世纪世界七大奇观之一。南郊还是历代墓葬的集中地，在地下蕴藏了大量的极其珍贵的历史文物。

渤泥国王墓在南郊的乌龟山南麓。渤泥国，即今文莱国，明永乐六年(1408年)八月，渤泥国王麻那惹加那乃亲率妻儿及王室成员来北京，朝见明皇，受到明成祖的热烈欢迎。但因水土不服，客死他乡。临终留下遗嘱：“体魄托葬中华”。明成祖十分悲痛，以王侯的礼仪安葬了这位异邦君主。

江南最大的地下宫殿——南唐二陵位于祖堂山的西南麓，即南唐先主李?与中主李瞡的陵墓，李?墓称钦陵，李瞡墓称顺陵。钦陵规模较大，有前、中、后三间主室，十间侧室，前、中室为砖结构，后室为石结构。中室墓壁上绘有鲜艳的彩画，图案有牡丹、莲花、宝相、海石榴、云气纹等。据专家考证，这是国内现存最早的附属在柱枋部分的彩画遗迹，在建筑史和艺术史上都具有极高的价值。顺陵位于钦陵西侧，结构与钦陵相近，但规模较小。

南京夫子庙即孔庙，始建于宋景佑元年(公元1034年)，由东晋学宫扩建而成，位于秦淮河北岸的贡院街旁。夫子庙建筑群主要由孔庙、学宫、江南贡院荟萃而成，是秦淮风光的精华。

孔庙富有明清色彩。它以大成殿为中心，从照壁至卫山南南京《夫子庙》北成一条中轴线，左右建筑对称配列，占地广约26300平方米。四周围以高墙，配以门坊、角楼。

中心庙院：院内植有银杏八棵，古灯对称有致，中间一条笔直的石砌甬道通向大成殿前的丹墀，此丹墀是祭孔时举行乐舞的地方，正中竖立一尊青铜孔子塑像，高4.18米、重2500公斤，是全国最大的孔子青铜像。

大成殿：夫子庙的主殿，高16.22米，阔28.1米，深21.7米。殿内正中悬挂一幅全国最大的孔子画像，高6.50米、宽3.15米。殿内陈设仿制2500年前的编钟、编磬等十五种古代祭孔乐器，定期进行古曲、雅乐演奏，演出反映明人祭孔礼仪的大型明代祭孔乐舞，使观众听到春秋时代的“钟鼓之乐”、“琴瑟之声”，展现二千多年前另古乐风貌。大殿四周是孔子业绩图壁画，形神并具。

文化艺术展：中心庙院碑廊里陈列着被誉为“中华一绝”的雨花石展览。大成殿内也经常筹办其他历史文物和艺术品展，宣传中华民族的悠久文化。

从大成殿后门走出，即进入学宫参观区。学宫是科举时代本省学子读书的最高学府，为使士子接受教化，渐知遵循先圣先贤之道，所以学宫总是和孔庙建在一起。作为江苏古代文教中心的学宫位于大成殿后，以明德堂、尊经阁为主体，“东南第一学”门匾由清末状元秦大士题写。

各位游客:

大家好，欢迎来到郑州海洋馆。我是郑州海洋馆的讲解员，今天将由我陪同大家一起参观，游览，希望通过我的讲解能为您打开一扇探索神秘海底世界的窗口，能够将您带入这个美丽多彩的水下世界。预祝大家参观愉快!

现在大家来到的是淡水馆,也可以说是“长江”流域的一个缩影。长江――全长6300公里，是中国第一大河，世界的第三大河。发源于世界屋脊青藏高原唐古拉山脉主峰——海拔6221米的格拉丹东雪山，它由西向东流经我国11个省、市、直辖市，在崇明岛以东注入东海。以长江水系景观作为背景，也正是郑州海洋馆内设淡水馆的用意，因为人类要真正了解海洋，就必须从我们身边的江河湖泊开始，长江不仅在空间地域跨越了我国西东，其水系蕴涵丰富的渔业资源更是令人称奇，水系内的淡水鱼已知的就有274种，占全国淡水鱼的39%，是天然的淡水鱼种群资源库。

每当春天来临，万物复苏，温暖的阳光照射在青藏高原上， 格拉丹东雪山渐渐消融，雪水汇集成清澈溪流潺潺流下，形成一条奔腾的大河从世界屋脊上倾泻而出，飞流直下的瀑布跌落在深潭中激起了层层水花，发出雷霆般的声音，在我们面前展现出一幅长江源头瀑布的壮美画卷，共同感受它的磅礴气势。在这潭水中生活着长江上游典型的冷水鱼，它们终年生活在15摄氏度左右的水域中。由于整个山体岩石的色调都比较暗淡，水潭中一尾尾明黄的色彩特别吸引大家的目光。这种浑身金黄个头适中的鱼叫做金鳟，在它身体两侧从头到尾贯穿着一条色泽艳丽的红色条纹，使它在水中游动更显得婀娜多姿而富于变幻，但这条红纹并不是它与生俱来的，只有当他进入到成熟期后才会出现。大家可以仔细看一下，这个池中的金鳟几乎每条身上都有这条红纹，这证明它们都是一些“成年鱼”了。陪同在金鳟身旁游动着的体色青灰的鱼叫魟鳟，和金鳟同属鲑科。

穿过陡峭的山崖我们进入了长江上游的高山景观，这里看到的鱼叫做鳜鱼，它们有着一张十分夸张的大嘴，但是身上的鳞片却十分细小。鳜鱼喜爱安静，生活在缓流中及溪流的底部,大家可以发现鳜鱼是侧卧在水中的，您千万不要当它已经死掉了，其实它在休息，只不过睡姿比较特别。现在请大家转过身来，展示在我们面前的是生机盎然的东南亚热带雨林风景。

我们暂时离开长江流域来观赏一下东南亚热带雨林的淡水鱼。在池底游动的这种蓝色的鱼叫做蓝鲨，别看它外表很凶猛酷似鲨鱼，其实它生性非常胆小，所以要借助凶猛的外表来保护自己不受其他鱼的攻击。它只是鱼类的一种并不属于鲨鱼。那种白色的就是白鲨。大家有没有注意到一种背部突起的鱼?它叫做弓背鱼，在它的腹部整齐的排列着几个黑圈，一般数目在七个以上，因此又有人称它为七星刀。这种鱼的斑点排列每尾都不相同，身体左右两侧数目也不同，这个现象在其它鱼类中非常罕见。现在大家看到的这种鱼叫做“红招财”，有招财进宝之意。另外池中还放养着体色如老虎斑纹的泰国虎和尾鳍分开的泰国鯽鱼。

让我们继续前行回到我国的长江流域。现在大家看到的是长江流域的溪滩景观。在这个流域主要是一些鲶鱼，大家可能觉得这些鲶鱼很相似没有区别，其实并不是这样的，在这个水池中有口大如布袋的大口鲶，长着4对触须的胡子鲶以及尾鳍分开来的美国叉尾鮰。特别是体色洁白如玉的金丝鲶，它水中游动起来宛如迎风飞舞的一条玉带。在这群黑色鲶鱼中更显得婷婷玉立，格外的不同。其实它是黑色胡子鲶的白化品种。鲶鱼科类的鱼大多数生活在水底，喜欢夜间活动。

各位游客，随着路两边山势的起伏，嶙峋的山石出现在大家面前。我们在不知不觉中已经步入了长江中风光最为绚丽的一段——长江三峡景观。三峡是长江中一段山水壮丽的大峡谷，全长1922千米，由瞿塘峡、巫峡、西陵峡组成，是长江风光的精华、神州山水的瑰宝。在这么一个山水如画的人间仙境中究竟生活着什么水族生物呢?为了方便大家观赏，我们将长江纵切，三峡水下的情景一览无疑的呈现在大家面前。大家现在看到的这种奇怪的鱼叫做匙吻鲟原产于美国，又叫太空鲟。它的吻端呈平盘状伸长，它是不是很像根船浆?或是又像我们平常用的汤匙呢?匙吻鲟吃食时十分的有特点，但它究竟是怎么吃食的呢?大家可以在X点X分前来观看匙吻鲟虑食表演。在水池的下层生活着两种体形巨大的鱼类分别是施氏鲟和俄罗斯鲟，这两种鲟鱼相貌非常相似，只不过俄罗斯鲟体色较黄而已。其中俄罗斯鲟和我国的一级保护动物中华鲟很相似。俄罗斯鲟身上的鳞片已经演化成坚硬的骨板，所以游动起来显得十分的僵硬。

走出三峡流域后前面地势变的开阔起来，在一片烟雨蒙蒙中一池碧水流向远方与天连为一片。现在展示在大家面前的是长江中下游湖泊景观，这种黑白相间的鱼叫做胭脂鱼。它们疾驰穿梭在水草间，张开宽大的背鳍，宛如一张张升起的风帆，因此又得名中国帆鳍鱼，它是我国的二级保护动物。

古朴的茅草屋，木板桥，涓涓水流，一幅典型的水乡小桥流水人家的画面展现在眼前。门前的半亩池塘，一池碧水中生活着五彩缤纷，色泽艳丽的锦鲤。锦鲤是日本的国鱼，最早是由我国传入日本最终在日本发扬光大的。由于其色彩丰富，性情温和而被日本人民所喜爱并称之为“水下活宝石”。在这个池子中还生活着一种淡水生物,请大家仔细的找找看，对了,就是这种很特殊的动物——大鲵.大鲵是一种古老的物种,我国的二级保护动物,有水下“活化石”的美誉。因其叫声似婴儿的啼哭故人们又亲切的称它为娃娃鱼.娃娃鱼是一种两栖动物,既可在陆地爬行又可以在换气以后潜入水中.它习惯生活在山间溪流底部，并用四肢爬行或用尾部游动.再看它的头部可以说除了一张大嘴什么也看不到了,因为它的眼睛在长期的演化过程中早已退化成了两个小洞,并且十分怕光喜欢呆在灰暗的环境中.娃娃鱼的寿命一般在50岁左右,现在大家看到的这只娃娃鱼30多岁了,已经步入了老年期，希望它能在海洋馆安享晚年。

各位游客请跟着我穿过小木桥继续前行.我们面前的这个石门虽然是人工砌造的，但是您一旦穿过它便会和我一起走出国门.进入到了亚马逊热带雨林景区。亚马逊河全长6440公里，是世界第二大河。我们面前的这个情景画叫“被雨水淹没的森林”，由于亚马逊每年雨量充沛，再加上其源头安第斯山脉冰雪消融时带来的大量水源，使得热带雨林大部分时间都被水淹没着。在我旁边的这棵树，大家可以看到它的根和木板很相似，因此叫做板根树。由于它生活在这种特殊的环境中，为了争取到足够的阳光它只有不停的向高处生长，而长时间被水浸泡使得它只有扩展根部才能耸立。现在池子里的这种鱼叫做神仙鱼，长着长长的丝状背鳍，游动起来显得非常飘逸，逍遥自在，很像我们神话传说中的神仙。要它身边胖胖的尤如皮球一样的那条鱼是金皮球玛丽，银色的是银皮球玛丽。

请大家继续前行，首先映入我们眼帘的这尾鱼，体格壮硕，有着帝王的风范，这就是帝王三间。此鱼属高档热带观赏鱼的一种，别看它仪表堂堂，却性情非常凶猛，而且食量惊人。再看这尾是银龙，它通体闪烁着银白色的光芒，有着长长的触须，就好像神话故事中的水中龙王一般，有着高贵气质和博大的胸怀。银龙食量很大，但在产卵期间会停食。雌鱼产卵后，它会将卵含于口中，实行口孵，被人们称之为“龙吐珠”，小银龙在长成成鱼之前，都跟自己的母亲在一起，一旦遇到外来的侵犯，小银龙就藏进母亲的口中，危险过后母亲又将它们吐出，这种现象人们用了一个成语来形容它，叫“吞吞吐吐”。这条尾鳍红红的叫红尾鲶，红尾鲶长着3对长长的触须，头大嘴大，很讨人喜欢，性情温顺，人们又称它红尾猫。在这个场馆中，我还要特别向大家介绍在我们身旁的这棵树，虽然它身上已伤痕累累，却在干枯的枝头吐露出嫩绿的新芽，以绿色向我们证明自己顽强的生命力，它这种不屈不挠的精神，使人们为之赞叹，因此被我们全馆工作人员称之为生命树。

不知大家有没有发现眼前这棵胖乎乎的大树呢?它生长在西非稀树草原，名叫猴面包树，因为它的果子又圆又长猴子特别爱吃，所以而得其名。猴面包树生长在非洲的热带沙漠中，那里一年中有8至9个月干旱无雨，为了度过这段艰难的日子，猴面包树的大肚子树干就成了一个“贮水库”，在雨季时装上满满一肚子水，然后很快开花结果，到了干旱季节它落光身上的全部叶片，肚子中存贮的大量水分足够它喝一段。不知大家注意到刚才我们介绍过的淡水鱼了吗?它们的体色都比较单一黯淡，但是这个池子却令我们眼前一亮，豁然开朗。这些鱼叫地图鱼，地图鱼的体表布满了不规则的花纹，粗看像一副区域地图。我们可以看到，地图鱼的体形肥而短，加上它贪吃成性，食量很大，所以人们又称它猪仔鱼。这种身上长有老虎一样花纹的是花老虎，花老虎性情凶猛，进食非常迅速。

这种体色为黑色，全身分布着斑点的鱼叫雀鳝。其性情凶猛，喜欢食小鱼。雀鳝具有辅助呼吸器官，当氧气不足时可浮出水面直接用嘴呼吸。这边的是长嘴雀鳝，鱼体修长，长满牙齿的颌部比雀鳝更长，因此而得名。在这里X点X分我们将有一场雀鳝掠食表演，欢迎各位游客届时观看。

现在大家看到的就是银鲳，银鲳原产于南美洲的亚马逊河流域，由于其形体和习性与食人鲳及其相似，所以在东南亚一带又被称为“食人鲳”。银鲳的下颌上翘且发达，牙齿坚固而锋利，有着极其敏锐的嗅觉，性情非常凶猛，极易受到血腥味和泼水声的刺激而发起攻击。银鲳的体形卵圆而侧扁，眼眶后下方至臀鳍散布着由深到浅的淡红色星斑，成年银鲳的体色会随着周围环境的变化而变化。大家可以随我到这边仔细的观察一下，这边都是银鲳的成年鱼。和银鲳生活在一起的是海象，海象不是生活在北冰洋里的海象，而是一种大型淡水鱼，它又叫巨古舌鱼。它历史非常悠久，大约在一亿多年前就在地球出现了，有一种令人一见为之倾倒的神秘性。海象最长可以长到4米，在成长过程中，尾部的红色会不断加深，看上去仪态万方，非常美丽。这幅雕塑是印度图腾，和海象头部的图案两相呼应，勾勒出了亚马逊河一带非常逼真的生态环境。

在这边游动的五颜六色的小鱼，它们都属于慈鯛科。这边全身金黄色，背鳍，腹鳍及臀鳍边缘各有一条黑色边的鱼有一个很好听的名字——非洲王子。这尾蓝色的小家伙的名字是阿里。阿里长嘴状的脸形是其主要特征，成熟的鱼体呈金属性深蓝色，从吻端直背鳍外缘有一条白色的边纹，臀鳍呈橘色是其典型的标志。

各位游客，现在我们进入到了海兽表演馆。在这里大家看到的这些活泼可爱的小精灵，就是海豹。海豹是一种非常聪明的海洋哺乳动物。经过训练，能为人们表演多项精彩的游戏节目，一会我们可以在这里欣赏到它们的各项表演。

我们说珊瑚礁是地球上个十分重要的生态体系，它拥有非常丰富的生物种类。顺着这个楼梯上去，各位游客就到达我馆二楼珊瑚礁生物馆。在这里您可以看到一望无际蔚蓝的大海，在礁石上躺着一些五颜六色的海星。海星的学名叫海盘车，因为海盘车大多长着五个腕，像个五角星，所以又称之为海星。这个形状似馒头的叫馒头海星。海星背部微隆，腹部平坦，嘴巴生长在腹部，肛门在背上。大家看!海星腕上长着数目众多的管足，它靠这些运动器官在沙地爬行，它的扑食方法十分奇特，先用腕和管足把食物抓牢但是并不送到嘴里吃，而是把胃从嘴里翻出来，包住食物进行消化，消化后，再把胃吸回体内。海星表面温文尔雅，却有个绝招——分身术。只要留1厘米长的腕，就能生长出一个完整的新海星，所以短肢残臂对海星来说根本微不足道。在海星的附近有一种像菊花的生物，它就是海葵。那种占地面积比较大一点的我们称它地毯海葵。地毯海葵是受光线的影响，如果光线很强，它的花会开的很大，就像铺在海底下的地毯一样;身体长长的呈橘红色的，人们称它为红肚海葵。它那貌似娇艳的“花瓣”的触手，是专门用来捕捉食物的。触手上暗藏着肉眼看不见的武器——刺细胞，一些没有经验的小鱼碰到它的触手，海葵就会从刺细胞里释放出一种毒液，使小鱼浑身麻木动弹不得。

海葵便轻而易举的把它吞食掉。在海葵周围游动着一种身体为暗红色并且带有白色条纹的小鱼，是小丑鱼，又因为它们喜欢偎依在海葵身旁，伴海葵而居，所以又被称为“海葵鱼”。小丑鱼能分泌出一种粘液，防御海葵毒液的伤害;海葵呢，也乐于为小丑鱼提供保护，一旦遇到危险，小丑鱼就会从容地躲到海葵的触手丛中。作为回报小丑鱼常常为海葵清除皮肤上的寄生物，并把别的小鱼引诱到海葵的触手间，这样，海葵就得到了食物，小丑鱼也分享了一份美餐。与小丑鱼在一起游动的还有一种全身浓黑，身体两侧和尾鳍的前方各有一个白点的小鱼，叫做三点白。三点白小的时候会与小丑鱼一起生活在海葵附近，但长大了以后，三点白身上的白点将会逐渐消失并会离开小丑鱼和海葵，自立门户独自生活。这是海苹果，海苹果就是大家所熟悉的海参的一种，它也有许多微小的管足，还有像花朵一样的呼吸树，这些呼吸树都是它用来捕食的触手。您看它们的动作，一下一下，在嘴巴里进进出出，这是海苹果在进食。遇到危险时，海参会吐出自己的内脏做掩护，自己逃之夭夭。不过别担心，不用多久又会长出新的内脏。大家仔细观察一下，在水草附进会发现一种很特别的鱼，不错，那就是海马。它不是我们陆地上的马，而是一种鱼。因为它的头长得像马头，又生活在海里，因而被称为“海马”。除此之外，它和马没有任何亲缘关系。小海马出生时，雄海马将身躯往前一弓，一只透明的小海马就从育儿袋里钻了出来，一只又一只，雄海马就不断的生产着。大家不要以为听错了，确实是雄海马在生产。原来雌海马在成熟后，会将尾部伸到雄海马的育儿袋里，在里面产卵，并受精。孵化的任务就交给了雄海马。小海马从孵化到出生都和爸爸在一起，有时受到惊吓，也会迅速回到爸爸早已准备好的安乐窝里去。

大家转过这个通道，会看见一些小视窗，里面是一些比较希奇古怪的鱼。在这个视窗里可以看到白点河魨,大多数人都知道,河豚是一种毒性非常强的鱼.我们这里也要介绍一种河魨,不是河“豚”,而是“鱼”字旁一个“屯”字,它们生活在海里,就像这一条.别看它体积小,毒性却大的惊人.再往这边看,这是什么?一只狗吗?哦,原来是狗头鱼,你看它爬在那里的姿态,真像一只温顺可爱的小狗啊.在河魨中,只有少数是没有毒性的,狗头就是其中之一.

这又是什么?小小的方形的身体?像个小木瓜?它叫木瓜鱼.木瓜鱼的鳞片演化成了硬邦邦的骨板,硬的可以用来当榔头.木瓜的皮膜里布满了毒腺,一旦遭到袭击,这些毒腺就会分泌出大量的毒液,令袭击者当即中毒死亡.跟木瓜体形很相似的这条鱼叫牛角.为什么叫它牛角呢?顾名思义,因为它头上长着一对类似牛的犄角.在打斗时,这对角发挥着必不可少的作用.牛角大多时候都温文尔雅得像个绅士.嘴吧小而噘起,吃起东西来一小口一小口煞是可爱。

这个池子里养的都是一些炮弹鱼.这尾漂亮的鱼就是鸳鸯炮弹,鸳鸯炮弹披着鸳鸯一样华丽的外衣,非常惹人注目.外衣的色彩和图案都很特别,线条大胆夸张,很现代派.人们于是又用了一个人尽皆知的现代派画家的名字来命名它,叫毕加索.人们怀念一代画家毕加索的情愫由此可见一斑.我还要向大家介绍一种性情较温顺的炮弹鱼——小丑炮弹,小丑炮弹体色花纹非常醒目,很花俏,象个戏台上的丑角,丑角是容易被人忽视的,但小丑炮弹却是鱼类中观赏价值极高的一种,可以说是出尽了风头.

大家有没有发现这条鱼?是的,它也是一条鱼,尽管它看上去跟鱼的形貌相距千里,活象一块古化石，它叫“五角虎”,这是一种完全异化了的鱼,它的胸鳍和腹鳍都演化成了类似爬行动物的脚,所以五角虎既会走又会游.它的体色也很特别,粗糙,不起眼.这样的长相虽然有损雅观,却可以帮助它很好地隐藏自己,不易被察觉.“自我掩护”可以说是自然界中大多数一种本能.

在这边是一个很大的海龟池，那种最大的海龟是太平洋丽龟，最小的叫玳瑁，它可以说,是海龟中的侏儒，最大的玳瑁也只能长到50厘米。玳瑁的背甲层层叠叠，光泽美丽，像覆盖在屋顶的琉璃瓦。玳瑁的肉有异味而且有毒，所以不能食用。但它的甲片却是贵重的药材，可镇惊，又是工艺品的原料，可用来制作梳子、眼睛框等等。估计全世界每年有5—8万头玳瑁被捕杀，面临灭绝。海龟还有一些比较特殊的习性，母海龟在每年产卵时会出现一种特别的现象——“流泪”，对此，人们赋予了无限的想象。海龟的眼睛旁边有一盐腺，它平时总要通过流泪的方式，不断的把血液内多余的盐份排出体外，这是海龟在长期的进化过程中，对海洋生活的一种适应。而且小海龟的性别并不是由它们的父母决定的，而是视温度而定，在孵化的这段时间里温度高于28摄氏度是雌龟，低于28摄氏度则是雄龟。

现在展现在大家面前的是澳大利亚大堡礁的缩影。大堡礁位于澳大利亚的东北部沿海，由于地处热带全年水温都在20摄氏度以上，最热的月份超过28摄氏度，它的周围几乎没有河流流入。海水清澈透明，水下光线充足非常适合珊瑚虫的生长。而珊瑚礁是由这种微小的腔肠动物——珊瑚虫制造出来的。珊瑚虫有从海中吸取钙质制造骨骼的本领，新生的珊瑚虫在死去的珊瑚骨骼上生长。生生死死，日积月累，这样成千上万年过去了便形成了巨大的珊瑚礁群。有的露出水面成为海岛，因为它们像堡垒一样护卫着海洋，因此成为堡礁。它是世界最大，最变化多端，也是最美丽、最年轻的堡礁之一，只有50多万年的历史。是一颗闪烁着蔚蓝色和纯白色光芒的明珠。现在看到的这些色彩绚丽、自由自在的鱼儿，是珊瑚礁鱼里的蝴蝶鱼，为什么叫蝴蝶鱼呢?那是因为它颜色亮丽、姿态优雅、美如蝴蝶，所以称之为蝴蝶鱼。蝴蝶鱼既爱打扮，又爱迷惑人。许多种类的蝴蝶鱼在尾部两侧都长有“伪眼”——一个黑色的斑点，恰恰和头部的眼睛遥遥相对，而眼睛却隐藏在另一个黑斑里。如果你是一个粗心的鉴赏家，一定会把它的尾巴错当成头，因为蝴蝶鱼在海中总是以尾部朝前游，一旦遇到敌害，它就会以真正的头部飞快地游走，使敌人扑空，而自己却逃之夭夭。首先游入大家眼帘的是网蝶，这种蝶鱼的腹部斑纹像网一样，尾部有黑斑，是比较典型的蝴蝶鱼。再看这条鱼，非常的标新立异。你看它全身画满了“人”字，真不知道在鱼的世界里是不是也把“纹身”看作一种时尚?这种鱼就是人字蝶。大家快看，这就是有着“海洋中的蒙娜丽莎”之称的月光蝶。月光蝴蝶鱼圆圆的身体像个桔黄色的小月亮，一双黑亮的大眼睛透明澄净，嘴巴小而噘起，看上去楚楚动人，宛如中国古代的绝色美人。

大家可别小瞧它尖尖的嘴巴，这可是它们在珊瑚礁中觅食的武器。现在看到的这尾鱼有一个非常可爱的名字——冬瓜蝶，而这个与它很相似的是风车蝶。这两种鱼的区别在于风车蝶的条纹是红色的，也比较宽，而冬瓜蝶的条纹则比较密。这边还有一种非常具代表性的鱼叫黑影蝶。黑影蝶是蝴蝶鱼里体形最大的一种。但是它并不因为自己块头大就蛮横跋扈。相反，性情非常温顺，处处谦让弟弟妹妹们。在我国的台湾海域一带，有很多的黑影蝶。再来大家一定会问这种是什么蝴蝶鱼?这种不是蝴蝶鱼，而是倒吊。它叫做大帆倒吊，这种鱼黑白相间，背鳍与腹鳍在遇见危险时会张开，比较像撑满了的风帆，体形也会感觉很大让敌人不敢侵害它。这边还有七彩倒吊大家可能会觉得它很普通，如果你仔细观察会发现它背鳍上的颜色非常的多，并且色彩十分抢眼，因此得名七彩倒吊。现在游过来全身灰色的是灰倒吊，旁边尾鳍上有一个白点的是荷兰三角倒吊。大家在这里还会看见一些美丽的鱼，全身亮黄，吻端黑白相间像狐狸的头部一样有些突起的鱼是黄狐狸鱼。跟在它旁边的鱼，大家千万不要误以为它也是黄狐狸的幼鱼，它是假面狐狸，又称二线狐狸。给它这个称呼是因为它除了浑身的颜色较黄狐狸淡一些，其它的都非常相似。这尾鱼就是我们海洋馆的标志——海神仙。海神仙长着长长的丝状背鳍,显得非常飘逸。大家仔细看，它脸部的图案非常有特色，很像我们神话传说中的神仙。那它是不是也像传说中的神仙那样超凡脱俗呢?海神仙的性格非常郁郁寡欢，像个多愁善感的林妹妹。它们一般成双成对出现，彼此之间偶尔会有争斗，但也无伤大雅。在生长过程中，如有一方身遭不测，毫无置疑，另一方也将抑郁而死。

好了，现在我们来到的是触摸池。在这里您可以将手伸进池子里，亲身体会一下生气勃勃的海洋气息。这种奇怪的海洋生物有一个很特别的名字——鲎。早在4亿多年前，鱼类刚刚崛起而恐龙尚未问世，鲎就已经活跃在海洋中。虽然目睹和经历了地球的无数沧桑巨变，时至今日，它却仍然保持着古老的面貌，被人们称为“活化石”。鲎有四只眼睛。前端的两只小眼睛用来感知亮度，对紫外光非常敏感;两侧有一对大复眼，由若干个小眼睛组成。人们发现鲎的复眼有一种侧抑制现象，也就是能使物体的图像看起来更加的清晰。此外，鲎还是自然界中唯一的血液是蓝颜色的动物。这种血液的提取物——鲎试剂，可以快速、准确地检测人体内部组织是否因细菌感染而患病;在制药和食品工业中还可用它作为毒素污染的监测。

我们继续前行，在前方这个视窗里能够看到海羽星。海羽星看上去象一丛美丽的海藻，其实它是动物，而且是动物中最古老的一种棘皮动物。海羽星的腕臂柔软有力，可以上下自由摆动，它就是靠这些腕臂来游泳的。这些腕臂中有纤毛沟，有一种粘液从纤毛沟里流出来，它靠这些粘液把海水中微小的浮游生物捉住，然后送进口中。和海羽星共同生存在这个视窗里的还有这种黑色、混身长满刺的小家伙，它就是海胆。海胆喜欢栖息在海藻丰富的潮间带以下的海区礁林间的石缝中，以比较坚硬的泥沙质浅海地带为家。海胆笨拙，靠从腹部壳孔中伸出来的管足缓缓地爬行。

这一群是什么?它们是虾鱼，又叫刀片鱼。身体这么薄，几乎接近透明。刀片鱼有个非常可笑的特点，大家看它们游起来头是朝下的。可想而知，这种泳姿是游不快的，那么如果遇上敌害怎么办?别急，刀片鱼一旦遇上敌害，身子会马上横过来，往前直冲，游速非常快，不过大多时候，刀片鱼都隐藏在海胆身上，因为它长得长而细，像海胆身上的刺，所以和海胆共存不易被察觉。

现在大家进入的是珊瑚礁海景隧道，在这里大家可以看到种类更多更漂亮的珊瑚和珊瑚礁鱼。这叫鹿茸珊瑚，鹿茸珊瑚看上去像一丛丛的鹿茸;像蘑菇的这叫蘑菇珊瑚;红颜色的叫红珊瑚。红珊瑚长的非常奇特，大多数珊瑚骨骼都是白的，而红珊瑚却是由内而外的红。

现在让我们将视线转移到鱼身上来，它叫狐狸鱼，狐狸鱼因为头部长的像狐狸而得名，它鲜艳的体色是一种警戒。狐狸鱼的背鳍带有剧毒，起防卫作用。哦，这条漂亮的小鱼，它叫什么名字?它叫绿花龙，还有它，它叫双色龙，它们同属隆头鱼科。这一科的鱼多达500多种，而且各有各的形态和习惯。单以睡觉的姿态来说，有些会钻入沙中，比如绿花龙;有些则会分泌出粘液作茧自缚，不如鹦哥龙。隆头鱼都有性转变的现象，并实行“一夫多妻制”，也就是说，一条雄鱼常会和数条雌鱼在一起。

这条叫什么?金灿灿的，真可爱，它叫金钱鱼。这种淡水鱼，它为什么又能生活在海水里呢?那是因为金钱鱼原本生活的也是一些沿海水域，这些水域因为临近海洋，盐分很高，所以金钱鱼生活在海里也照样能安然无恙，自得其乐。金钱鱼因为长的小巧可爱，深受当地渔民的喜爱，他们亲切的称它为“金果子”。

在参观过程中，我觉得很有必要向大家介绍一下我们行走其间的隧道玻璃——压克力玻璃。压克力玻璃和普通玻璃相比，有两个重要特征。一是透明度高，二是韧性高，因为这两个特征使得它广泛用于世界各地的海洋馆，包括郑州海洋馆。

在大家头顶慢吞吞游过的鱼儿，名叫苏眉。苏眉的体形较大，人的眉毛长在眼睛上面，而苏眉的眉毛在眼睛的后面。大家仔细观察可以看到三条像眉毛一样的花纹，所以名字也由此尔来。可能有的游客会说，它长的很丑，不过它却很温柔，苏眉在平时吃饱了的时候，喜欢栖息水地或礁石的角落睡大头觉，一般不会攻击其它鱼类。

这种非常可爱的鱼是刺豚，刺豚是河豚的同类，全身长满了硬刺，因此又被人们称为海中的刺猬。这些刺是由鳞片演化而成的。平时，这些刺贴在身上，顺溜、光滑，一旦遇到敌害，刺豚就会吞入大量的海水和空气，使身体膨胀，身上的刺也竖起来，像个大刺球。“敌人”一见这样，哪里还敢碰它呢?同时，身体一膨胀，它们就能尽快浮出水面，逃离敌害。等危险过后，刺豚就把吞进去的海水和空气再吐出来，身体又恢复原状。不过，刺豚也有被“气死”的时候。这是因为“生气”之后的刺豚，如果不能在短时间内将体内的气体排出，便会使身体过度膨胀而死。有道是“气大伤身”，看来小家伙还是少生气为好。

我们还可以在这里看见成群的倒吊鱼，那么，为什么这些可爱的鱼儿会叫这么奇怪的名字呢? 。这种是天狗倒吊，倒吊的共同特征是在尾部两侧各有一个突起的尾棘，形状像外科手术刀，所以英文原意有“外科鱼医生”之称。在打斗时，倒吊会用尾部鞭挞对方，使对方遭受创伤。倒吊鱼的体表糙如砂纸，所以又称“粗皮鲷”。粗皮鲷中有些种类体色非常鲜艳，就像这种蓝倒吊，它们成群游动时，忽左忽右，好象有人在指挥阅兵式，十分好看。

大家也许早就注意到这条鱼，腹鳍、背鳍都很特别。长的像京戏里身上插满小旗子的武生，又像一个披着蓑衣的老渔翁，它是蓑鮋。蓑鮋被人们称做海中的“毒蝎子”。在它长长的背鳍中隐藏着非常剧烈的毒性。人一旦被蛰就像浑身打了一针毒剂，严重时在3—24小时内就会死亡。蓑鮋的毒液是一种由分子量不同的肽，毒蛋白质，各种酶类等物质组成的外毒素。蓑鮋的蛋白毒素能麻痹心肌造成死亡。但是对这种成分加以研究，可以获得治疗心血管疾病的药物。蓑鮋长着一个丑陋的头，嘴巴很大，上唇短，下唇长，模样非常吓人，所以通常又叫它魔鬼鮋属于狮子鱼科，大多数狮子鱼的体内都会产生一种吸力。外出旅游时，一旦遇到敌害，狮子鱼就会发放这种吸力，将幼鱼紧紧地吸附在身上，逃之夭夭。所以说，蝎子再毒，为人父母时还是可敬可爱的。

这些色彩鲜艳且附在礁石上的是什么呢?哦，原来是地毯海绵。海绵是海洋中最原始的多细胞动物， 这里看到的海绵是人为仿真的，这样做是为了给鱼类营造更逼真的生态环境，为游客取得更好的感官效果。在这里群游的叫妞妞鱼，妞妞长的花俏，游泳也很特别。游动起来好像全身的肌肉都在动似的，特吃力。在鱼类学上，称这种游泳方式叫鳝泳。

在珊瑚礁下面我们还可以看到身体为蓝色体形似炮弹的叫魔鬼炮弹，身体为咖啡色的咖啡炮弹，还有这边腹鳍和背鳍皆呈透明状的玻璃炮弹。几乎所有炮弹体内都流侵略侵略性质的血液,它们凶狠,贪吃,很令别的鱼不齿.很多炮弹鱼性情奸诈,惯于伪装自己..

大家可以继续往前走,刚刚我们看到的是一些珊瑚礁鱼，现在的这些都是一些深海里的鲳鱼。身上有三个点的是三点鲳，有身体银白的巴浪，有身体泛着光芒的金鲳，还有身上长了一些不均匀小黑斑，背鳍和黑鳍泛淡蓝光芒的黑尻参。大家有没注意到在徐徐飘动的海带?海带是一种大型的海藻，它也属于单细胞植物，但是大家这里看到的海带是人为仿真的。它的飘动是因为水体循环的缘故。在海洋馆里，只有不断循环整个水体才能保证水质的干净，以次确保鱼类健康生活。

大家在前面可以看到一些大型的海洋鱼类。这些群游着的分别是 黑拷参和柠檬鱼，为什么我们不在这里养一些色彩漂亮的珊瑚礁鱼呢?大家猜猜看，这是什么原因呢?因为这里生活着一些恶名昭彰的“海洋杀手”——鲨鱼。个体小巧的珊瑚礁鱼在这里随时都有被攻击的可能。而只有群游性鱼类，才能避免遭受鲨鱼们的杀戮。这种金黄色的鱼，大家也许会认为是大黄鱼。但是，如果您仔细观察就会发现，在它的尾巴上面有一个黑色的斑点，它叫尾斑石首鱼，也叫美国红鱼，和我们国产的黄鱼同属一科。上面这群身体扁扁的带条纹的是燕鱼，燕子的燕，燕鱼的体色会随着心情及环境的不同而改变，改变在眨眼之间就能完成。不仅如此燕鱼还特别胆小，遇到危险无路可逃时就会躺在水面上装死，以此躲避攻击。燕鱼是典型的群游性鱼类，集体生活既赋予它们的全感，又利于它们繁衍后代。

您在这里还可以看到一些鲨鱼。这条鱼的背部有许多褐色的斑点，就像动物园里豹子的毛皮一样，它叫豹纹鲨。豹纹鲨是一种卵生的底栖性鲨鱼，出生的时候是颗大大的鱼卵，经过孵化才成型的。它的尾巴很长，占整个躯体的2/3，这也使得它看上去越加的温婉动人!

当然，这里不仅有豹纹鲨，还有一条更长更大的鲨鱼等着我们认识呢。哇!好大的一条鲨鱼呀。这条鲨鱼叫护士鲨，它长约3米，重200多斤，胃口非常惊人，一天要吃掉20多斤的小黄鱼，比大白鲨还会吃。护士鲨因在阳光的照射下通体发光，所以也叫“光鳞鲨”。鲨鱼是一种软骨鱼类，骨的韧性极好，在水中能配合潜水员做出各种的造型。令人惊奇的是如此庞大的鲨鱼，眼睛却很小，鲨鱼能在浩瀚的海洋中生存下来靠的是灵敏的嗅觉及锋利的牙齿。大家有没有发现在护士鲨身上还粘着一条小鱼，这条鱼既不是它的小宝宝，也不是它的好朋友，却奇怪地粘在护士鲨身上让它带着它游动，它叫吸盘鱼。吸盘鱼背部的第一个背鳍已经演变成了一个椭圆形的吸盘，利用这个吸盘它可以轻松地吸在一些大鱼、海龟或者鲸的身上，吸在别人的身上最大的好处就是可以偷懒了，不花力气游泳了，当大鱼在进食的时候，它就在旁边等着吃点“残羹冷食”，懂得知足常乐的道理。吸盘鱼在海洋中过着“衣食无忧”的生活,成了人见人厌的“懒鱼”，有些书上还美其名曰“免费的旅行家”，因为它无论去哪里旅行都不用花分文盘缠，只要找到一件合适的“交通工具”就能免费遨游四海，真是一种再经济不过的生活方式。这里还生存着另一种比较有特色的海洋生物——黑背瑶。它属于瑶鱼科，又称为魔鬼鱼。大家可以看到，黑背瑶的嘴巴是长在腹部的，而眼睛却长在背上，可想而知，让它去捕捉在游动的小鱼来吃，是一件多么困难的事情呀!现在就好多了，因为这里有我们耐心的潜水员可以帮助它，它们可以轻轻松松就填饱肚子了。

大家现在来到了大视窗前，在这里您可以欣赏到一些精彩的表演。X点X分有一场人鲨共舞表演(“美人鱼”水下诗话表演)，望各位游客届时观看。各位游客从这边走可以上到二楼民俗馆。

各位游客，大家好!现在我们来到的是海洋民俗馆，首先映入眼帘的是金黄的沙子，小朋友可以在其中挑选自己喜爱的贝壳或者用沙子堆积自己的城堡，尽情的玩耍。玩累的您可以在鲸豚影院小憩一下，通过电视了解鲸鱼、海豚等海洋生物的生活习性。

以前郑州没有海洋馆，每次出去旅游，只要有海洋馆，爸爸妈妈就会带我去看看。我参观过北京，上海还有青岛的海洋馆，每个地方的都各不相同。现在我们郑州也建了一个海洋馆，我高兴极了。五一的时候，妈妈带我参观了郑州的海洋馆。

进入海洋馆，就能看见一个个各不相同的玻璃池里游动着的鱼群。有海马，潜水艇鱼，刀片鱼等，都是我们平时很少见的。有的鱼样子很怪，上嘴唇很长，下嘴唇很短，像鸭子的嘴一样。还有很多鱼身上色彩斑斓，有红色，黄色，蓝色，绿色，就像穿着一件五彩缤纷的花衣裳，美丽极了。

海洋馆里还有一条海底隧道，它就是穿梭在水里的一个玻璃的密封通道，就像走在大海里一样。抬起头，我们就可以看到很多的鱼，有鲨鱼，海龟，还有象一把大扇子一样的鳐，拖着一条长长细细的尾巴，从我们的头顶上游过。我们可以清楚地看到鳐的肚子上有几个小洞，一张一合，大概是在呼吸吧，真是好玩。

不光可以看到不同的鱼，海洋馆里还有各种表演。我们看了小海狮表演的套圈，顶球，还有潜水员装扮成的美人鱼，表演的童话故事。最后，我们在海龟池边用白菜喂了海龟，还在小小的触摸池里亲自摸了摸海星，它肉乎乎的，不软也不硬。

我真喜欢我们郑州的海洋馆。