西柏坡旅游导游词简短（经典20篇）

Ladies and gentlemen

Hello! Welcome to Chengde summer resort. Located in the north of ChengdeCity, the summer resort is an existing classical Royal Garden in China.

The summer resort is a symbol of the heyday of Kangxi and Qianlong in QingDynasty. As the founders of the villa, Kangxi and Qianlong visited the south ofthe Yangtze River for six times, traversing the beauty of the scenery in theworld. In the construction of the summer resort, the advantages of many familieswere learned, and the style of Chinese north and south gardens was integrated,so that the summer resort became the summary and sublimation of Chineseclassical garden art. Chinese garden experts say that the whole summer resort isthe epitome of the beautiful rivers and mountains of the motherland. Why doexperts say that? I think ladies and gentlemen will answer this question aftervisiting the summer resort. However, I would like to remind you that the reasonis related to the topography of the summer resort. (the tour guide adoptssuspense method to stimulate tourists interest in sightseeing)

Ladies and gentlemen, the summer resort is here. Please get out of the car.Now Ill show you her style.

(outside Lizheng gate)

Ladies and gentlemen, the antique door in front of us is the main door ofthe summer resort, which is called the Li main door. It is the entrance of theQing emperor. The palace gate is three rooms wide, with two floors up and down.There are three square door openings in the lower layer, and a city platform anda que tower in the upper layer. You see, there is a stone plaque on the top ofthe middle door. On it is the "Lizhengmen" inscribed by Emperor Qianlong inManchu, Tibetan, Han, Uygur and Mongolian. It symbolizes that our motherland isa unified multi-ethnic country.

There are two stone lions on both sides of the door to show the majesty ofthe emperor. There is Yudao square in front of the gate. The road is paved withblue stones. There are stone tablets in the East and west of the square, onwhich are engraved in Manchu, Mongolian, Tibetan and Chinese characters:"officials wait to dismount here", so we call it dismount tablet. There is a redscreen wall to the south of the square, separating the Royal Garden from theoutside world. It is said that there is a golden rooster flying from Jiguanmountain in Hongzhaobi. In the dead of night, if you tap Zhaobi, the GoldenRooster will chirp. If you want to make a textual research, please come here atnight to listen. OK! Today, I invite you to be the "emperor" and go in and feelthe life of the emperor.

(inside the main entrance of Li)

Please look to the right. On the mountain in the distance, there is a hugestone pillar standing up from the sky, straight into the clouds. It is thick onthe top and thin on the bottom, which is very similar to the hammer used forwashing clothes. We Chengde people call it Bangchui mountain, and Emperor Kangxinamed it "qingchufeng". During the construction of the summer resort, this sceneis skillfully used to integrate the inside and outside of the resort, expand thesense of space, and create a new artistic conception. This is a successfulexample for the designer of the resort to use the garden art of "borrowingscenery". People who come to Chengde usually go to the mountain to touchBangchui mountain, because there is a popular saying in Chengde: "if you touchBangchui mountain, you can live one hundred and three years." If you areinterested, you may as well go up the mountain tomorrow to have a touch. It mustbe very interesting.

The palace in front is the place where the Qing emperor "worked and lived"in Chengde. Now Chengde people call it the summer resort Museum.

(in the exhibition room)

The first picture that comes to our eyes is the complete picture of thesummer resort, which is the full picture of the peak period of the Qing Dynasty.Summer resort, also known as "Rehe Palace", "Chengde Palace". It startedconstruction in 1703, the 42nd year of Emperor Kangxi, and was completed in1792, the 57th year of Emperor Qianlong. In the early and middle Qing Dynasty,several emperors came here almost every year to spend the summer and deal withgovernment affairs, usually in April and may of the lunar calendar, and returnedto Beijing in September and October. In fact, the summer resort has become thesecond political center of the Qing Dynasty. The whole villa covers an area of5.64 million square meters, which is about twice the size of the summer palacein Beijing and eight times the size of Beihai. The villa can be divided intopalace area and garden scenic area. The palace area is composed of four groupsof buildings: the main palace, songhezhai, Wanhe SONGFENG and Donggong. Gardenscenic area is divided into mountain area, Lake area and plain area. Themountain area is wide, accounting for more than 70% of the total area of thevilla. The villa is the essence of the national garden, with the characteristicsof Nan Xiu Bei Xia. There are 90 pavilions, 29 dykes and bridges, 25inscriptions on cliffs, more than 70 groups of rockeries and stones, more than120 groups of buildings such as temples, halls, temples, pavilions, towers andpavilions, with a total construction area of more than 100000 square meters.

The 36 scenes named after four words by Emperor Kangxi and the 36 scenesnamed after three words by Emperor Qianlong are known as "72 scenes of summerresort". Emperor Kangxi praised it as "the north pole with its own mountains andrivers, and the natural scenery is better than the West Lake." The palace wallof the villa is about 10 kilometers long. Because it looks like the Great Wall,we Chengde people affectionately call it "little Great Wall". Outside the palacewalls are the Royal temples built in imitation of the famous temples of allethnic groups in China. These temples are semicircular around the periphery ofthe villa, forming the trend of the stars and the moon, symbolizing that allethnic groups in the country were closely around the ruling center of the QingDynasty at that time. With the passage of time and the change of dynasties, thesummer resort has gone through many vicissitudes. After the founding of newChina, the villa has been reborn. Now it is a well preserved and large-scaleRoyal Garden in China, a world cultural heritage and a famous tourist attractionat home and abroad.

(coming to the second exhibition room)

Most of the pictures on display here are pictures. This picture of autumnMulan is eye-catching. Mulan, which means sentinel deer in Manchu. The way towhistle deer is that before dawn, soldiers sneak into the mountain forest,wearing deerskin and antlers, whistling at the mouth to imitate the call of amale deer. Autumn is the season for deer to mate and group. In this way, thefemale deer can be drawn out for shooting. "Means hunting in autumn. Thispicture is painted by Xinglong a in Qing Dynasty. It depicts the hunting sceneof the emperor more than 200 years ago. You may wonder why the emperor of theQing Dynasty led a large group of people to hunt here for thousands of miles.Because after the emperor of the Qing Dynasty entered the pass, the fightingcapacity of the Eight Banners who were brave and good at fighting in historybegan to decline. Some of them fled, some wounded themselves, sometimes oneperson was injured, and many people escorted them, in order not to go to thefront line. Emperor Kangxi realized that it was urgent to improve the quality ofsoldiers and consolidate the northern frontier. In this situation, EmperorKangxi personally led the Eight Banners out of xifengkou and went north toinspect, and set up a Mulan paddock for the purpose of practicing martial artsin Suiyuan.

The establishment of Mulan paddock was the product of the friendlyrelationship between the Qing Dynasty and the Mongolian and TibetanNationalities. It closed the relationship between the Mongolian and Tibetanareas and the Central Plains, strengthened the exchanges among the Manchu,Mongolian, Tibetan and Han nationalities, consolidated the northern borderdefense, and was conducive to resisting the invasion and expansion of tsaristRussia. The annual hunting lasted about 20 days each time. The emperorpersonally led officials of various government departments and eight banners ofManchu and Mongolian to participate. In order to meet the needs of a largenumber of people, accommodation, rest, savings and the emperors handling ofgovernment affairs, more than ten palaces were built from Beijing to thepaddock. Rehe is located in the middle of this northern patrol route. FromBeijing to here, the memorial ceremony is coming day and night. Moreover, theclimate here is pleasant, the scenery is beautiful, and the water and grass areabundant. So Kangxi decided to build a large palace here, which is Rehe palace.In this regard, Qianlong had a very clear saying: "our emperor built this villaoutside the Great Wall, not for his own travel in Henan, but for theconstruction of the world.".

History shows that the establishment of the autumn festival and the summerresort achieved the Emperor Kangxis political goal of "combining the internaland external heart and forming a solid career". Now lets look at this pictureagain. It can be divided into two parts: the imperial camp and the huntingground. The imperial camp was the place where the emperor lived and dealt withthe government affairs, and the hunting ground was the place where he actuallyhunted. When hunting, there was strict organization and discipline. After thesoldiers disguised as deer led the deer out, the sergeants gradually reduced theencirclement to the level of people side by side and horses with ears, but theycould not shoot at will. At this time, the emperor first came out to shootarrows, and then the princes, ministers and soldiers shot in turn. The pictureshows a deer hunting scene. Please follow me.

This second gate is called "Yue shoot", which is the place where theemperor watched the archery competition between the emperors son and hisgrandson. There is a plaque on the top of the door, which is written with fourgold-plated characters of "summer villa". It is the imperial pen of EmperorKangxi. This plaque is extremely beautiful and eye-catching. Perhaps you havefound that the word "avoid" in this summer resort is written one morehorizontal. Is it Emperor Kangxis mistake, or is there another reason )Thisgentleman (young lady) is right. It turns out that in the Qing Dynasty, when thetwo characters "Bi" were used at the same time, either way of writing wascorrect. This is a variant character phenomenon. Here Emperor Kangxi wrote itfor the sake of pursuing the beauty of calligraphy.

The two bronze lions on both sides of the gate are majestic. Speaking ofthese two bronze lions, there is a touching legend! It is said that during theAnti Japanese War, the Japanese invaders occupied Chengde and plundered it. Oneday, a group of Japanese soldiers found that the two bronze lions were beautifuland priceless. They wanted to take them away, but they were too heavy to carrythem. So they went to find tools separately. All this makes the old people inthe nursing home look in the eyes and feel pain in the heart. He thought thatthe bronze lion was the treasure of the country, and it must not be taken awayby the Japanese soldiers. He had an idea. He immediately got pig blood from thevillage and smeared it on the lions eyes. When the Japanese soldiers found thetools and came back, they found that the lions eyes were red, and they allcried blood. They were all stunned. They were afraid that moving the lion wouldbring them bad luck, so they ran away in a panic. This pair of nationaltreasures has been preserved until now. Now the pair of bronze lions have becomemascots in peoples minds. If you want everything to go well, dont forget totouch it.

承德导游词英语作文3

Dear friends

Hello! Today we visit Pule temple. Pule temple, commonly known asyuantingzi, is another royal temple built by Emperor Qianlong after PuningTemple and Anyuan temple. It covers an area of 24000 square meters with the eastfacing the West and the central axis facing the summer resort. The first half ofthe architecture of Pule temple is the traditional "Jialan Qitang" style of theHan temple, and the second half is the Tibetan form. The main building of thetemple, Xuguang Pavilion, imitates the praying Hall of the temple of heaven inBeijing. The layout of the building is different from that of ordinary temples,which breaks the pattern of traditional temples facing south. In the East, it isadjacent to the chime hammer peak, and in the west, it is opposite to the summerresort. It echoes with the Puren temple, Anyuan temple, Puning Temple, XumiFushou temple, Putuo Zongcheng temple, etc. in the eight outer temples, forminga pattern of stars holding the moon and bowing to the summer resort.

(in front of the Mountain Gate of Pule Temple)

Now we come to the gate of Pule temple. There is a pair of stone lions infront of the door. You see how well preserved they are. In the middle of themountain gate, there is a stone plaque inscribed with "Pule Temple" written byEmperor Qianlong in Han, Manchu, Mongolian and Tibetan Languages.

(entering the Mountain Gate)

The first thing you can see when you enter the mountain gate is the belland drum towers on both sides of the north and the south. Its function is thesame as the bell and drum towers of Puning Temple. I will not repeat ithere.

You see, there is a five room hall with a single eaves on the top of theplatform. Under the central eaves is a Yunlong plaque written by EmperorQianlong. In the center of the hall is Maitreya Buddha with a big belly. He hasa fat head and a big cheek. He is happy with his eyebrows and smiles. It seemsthat he is welcoming us. On both sides of the cloth bag monk are clay statues ofthe four heavenly kings.

The four heavenly kings, 8.38 meters high, are in sitting position. Thoughthey have been living for 200 years, they are still resplendent and magnificent,ranking second to none in the country. Behind Maitreya Buddha stands WeituoBuddha. Weituo is the Dharma protector of the Buddha and one of the EightGenerals of the southern growth heavenly king, ranking first among the 32generals (each of the four heavenly kings has eight generals). It is said thatwhen Sakyamuni Buddha came to Nirvana, the evil spirits took away the remains ofthe Buddha, and Weituo chased them in time and tried hard to recapture them.Therefore, Buddhism regards him as the God to expel evil spirits and protectBuddhism. Since the Song Dynasty, Chinese temples have worshipped Weituo, knownas Weituo Bodhisattva. They often stand behind the Maitreya Buddha statue andface the main hall to protect the Dharma and help monks.

(in front of Zongyin Hall)

When we enter the second courtyard from the Tianwang hall, we are presentedwith a hall with seven wide faces and five deep faces, with double eaves andglass tile roofs on Xieshan mountain. This is the main building of the temple"Zongyin hall". Zongyin means that Buddhism is the unchanging truth. In thecenter of the main ridge of Zongyin hall, there is a yellow glazed tile Lamatower, about two meters high. The base of the tower is xumizuo. The tower iscomposed of Chenglu pan, Xianglun, sun and moon. On both sides of the pagoda areinlaid with eight ornaments for Buddhas offering: wheel (Dharma wheel), snail(Buddhas sound is widely spread), umbrella (protecting all Dharma), cover(Buddhas power), lotus (not contaminated by worldly customs), vase (virtue isperfect), Pisces (freedom and liberation), pan Chang (Buddhist doctrine runsthrough all the time). In the center of the hall, there are three Buddhas: thepharmacist Buddha in the Oriental glass world, the Sakyamuni Buddha in theChinese dancing world, and the Amitabha Buddha in the Western Paradise. Thereare eight wood carved Bodhisattvas on the stone Xumi seats on both sides of thethree Buddhas: Manjusri, Vajrayana, Avalokitesvara and King Tibetans in theSouth; Puxian, Maitreya, void Tibetans and removing dirt and obstacles in thenorth. They are called eight Bodhisattvas. The eight Bodhisattvas are of thesame size. They are all carved in wood and painted in gold.

There are five auxiliary halls on each side of Zongyin hall. The Nanpeihall is called "Huili hall". In the hall, there are statues of Buddha, Vajrawith horse head, Vajra with subduing part and Vajra with anger. They are pink,blue, red, three heads and six arms, with human skin on the back and tiger skinskirt around the waist. The backlight behind is a five color flame, which issaid to represent five kinds of "wisdom". The north side hall is "Shengyinhall". Inside the hall is dedicated to the inner achievement of Vajra hand, theouter achievement of Vajra hand and the secret achievement of Vajra hand. It issaid that these three Buddhas are the images of Sakyamuni when he preached thesecret Dharma, and are the secret incarnations of Sakyamuni. So its also called"secret master".

(Shangcheng)

Dear friends, we now come to the "city" in the eastern half of Pule temple.The city is actually a Datura entity. Mandala is a transliteration of Sanskrit,translated as "Tan" or "Daochang". This is the place where the lamas practice,observe and teach the secret law. In order to prevent the invasion of "demons",the tantric sect of Lamaism drew a circle or built a high altar on the practicesite, on which the Buddha, Bodhisattva or scroll were placed. Only in this waycan we get the protection of Buddha and Bodhisattva and not be disturbed by the"demons".

The city is divided into three layers: the outer layer is a group of squarehouses. There are doors on all sides. Facing the west is the main gate, which isthree rooms wide and one room deep, with a single eaves resting on the top ofthe mountain. There is a Qianlong stele built in the gate hall. It is inscribedwith Qianlongs stele of Pule Temple written in Manchu, Han, Mongolian andTibetan Languages. The construction of Pule temple is not like that of PuningTemple and Anyuan temple. In view of specific historical events, EmperorQianlong felt that there was still a large space to be used from Puning Templeand Anyuan temple to the area of qinghammer peak. In order to make the overallrational layout of the temples around the summer resort, he built this temple."Pule" is derived from Fan Zhongyans "Yueyang Tower" in which "the worries ofthe world come first and then the happiness of the world come later". On bothsides of the original square courtyard, it has 72 single-layer Gallery room, nolonger exist.

The second floor is a square stone platform with battlements on the brickwall. A stone arch is built in the center of the platform, and there is acorridor between the arch and the gate hall. In the middle of the West arch,there is a stone plaque of "shewei Xianxiang" written by Emperor Qianlong, whichmeans that it is the same as shewei state, showing auspicious scenery. There arestone pedals on both sides of the arch leading to the bottom of the platform.The arches on the north and south sides are closed, with Buddhist painting axeshanging inside. There is a small hall at the exit of the pedal road from thepedal road to the top of the second floor platform. There are eight Lama pagodaswith the same shape and different colors in the middle of the four corners andfour sides of the top. The pagoda is divided into five colors: yellow, black,purple, green and white. These five colors represent the "five elements" ofland, water, fire, wind and air in Lamaism. The five color pagoda symbolizes thefive color land (the land of Chinas Kyushu is five colors), which means thatunder the heaven, is it the kings land. The eight pagodas are divided intoeight directions and serve as the merit towers of Sakyamunis "eight greatachievements" (Buddha, becoming Tao, turning the wheel of Dharma, manifestingsupernatural powers, benefiting the world, transforming monks, thinkingimmeasurably and entering Nirvana). It symbolizes the long-term and stable ruleof the Qing Dynasty.

The square stone platform on the third floor is surrounded by stonerailings. In the center of the platform is the main building "Xuguang Pavilion"in the second half of the temple. It means facing the rising sun in the East.This is a round pavilion with double eaves, yellow glazed tiles and a pointedroof. Its shape is the same as that of the praying Hall of the temple of heavenin Beijing. 12 eaves columns and 12 gold columns support the double eaves domein two layers. The square platform and the round roof show the ancient Chinesecosmology with a round sky and a round place. The building on the round stoneXumi seat in the center of the hall is called "Mandala", which is athree-dimensional "Mandala" model in China.

The nine palace grid on its base is made of 37 pieces of wood, representing37 kinds of knowledge of Sakyamuni. In the middle of the mandala, there is adouble bronze statue of the king Buddha of shangle. Shangle King Buddha, alsoknown as Shengle King Buddha, is also called "Huanxi Buddha". It is also named"Deqiao" and is one of the original Buddhas of Tantric practice of Lamaism.Tantric school advocates practicing secret law, that is, practicing through "thedoor of convenience" (yoga) to become a Buddha. King Buddha of shangle is theincarnation of King Buddha holding wheel, representing wisdom. Mother Buddha(female image) represents meditation. Only with "both wisdom and tranquility"and "both meditation and meditation" can one become a Buddha. The combination oftwo bodies is like the wings of a bird and the wheels of a car. Only in this waycan one become a Buddha, which is another form of cultivation in TantricBuddhism.

The top of Xuguang Pavilion is decorated with exquisite dragon troupe andPearl caisson. The carving is exquisite and glittering, which has high artisticvalue. come

(in the exhibition room of Tantric Buddhism)

Dear friends, now we are in the exhibition room of Tantric Buddhism. Thisis the gate hall on the north side of the city. Originally, there were 21 groupsof rooms beside the square gate hall. Now only the gate hall is left. Except forthe west gate hall, the other nine gate halls have been turned into exhibitionrooms.

Esoteric Buddhism, also known as esoteric Buddhism, originated in the latestage of the development of Mahayana Buddhism in ancient India, and has obviouscharacteristics compared with Xianzong. 800 years after Sakyamunis death,Buddhism was divided into Buddhism and Buddhism. Academia believes that EsotericBuddhism is the product of the combination of Mahayana and Brahmanism after the7th century. It was introduced by Indian master rinwatson in the early 8thcentury. He fought many times with Bon witches in secret law. Every time hedefeated some Bon witches, he declared that some stupid God had been subdued andnamed him the protector of Buddhism. The tantric Buddha statue of TibetanBuddhism is unique, which is not only the precious wealth of religious art, butalso the treasure of human body statue art in the world. Lets have a lookhere

Apart from the modern clay statues, they are all originally preserved inthe temple, which is hard to see in other temples.

What are the differences between Tantric Buddhism and Buddhism? There arethe following points: first, Tantric Buddhism takes Sakyamuni as its leader andattaches great importance to theory, while Tantric Buddhism praises theTathagata and pays attention to matters; second, Tantric Buddhism advocatespreaching Buddhism, meditation, enlightenment and self-cultivation, whileTantric Buddhism attaches great importance to inheritance, truth and mantra inorder to become Buddha; 3、 Xianzongs Classics mainly include scriptures, laws,precepts, and theories. In addition to tantric, there are eulogy, praise,Dharma, mantra, rituals, yoga, and seal of contract. Fourth, Xianzong has fourkinds of prestige: walking, living, sitting, and lying. In addition to tantric,it also needs to contemplate, follow the teachers instruction, abide by ritualsand practice procedures.

Tantric cultivation can be divided into four steps: Shimi, xingmi, yoga MIand supreme yoga MI. Master zongkaba, the founder of the Yellow religion,stipulated that the order of practice should be first obvious and then secret.Only the living Buddha who has obtained the degree of gexi in Tibetan educationis qualified to practice Esoteric Buddhism, which is passed on by master Vajraand practiced in the upper and lower esoteric schools. The practice of TantricBuddhism is accompanied by the imperial concubine Ming. Therefore, most of thetantric statues are double figures of men and women, which are called "joyfulBuddha" or "joyful heaven". Each of these statues has a Buddhist story orlegend, so they are three-dimensional fables of Buddhism. Because the joyfulBuddhas are all naked, they are men and women, so some people mistakenly thinkthat "joyful" refers to the sexual pleasure of men and women. In fact, these twowords mean fearless, angry spirit, transcending life and death, and gainingjoy.

(in the second exhibition room of Tantric Buddhism)

One of the most influential Buddhist statues of Tantric Buddhism is thebronze "King Kong of great power, virtue and terror" in the second exhibitionroom. He was a man and a woman, with nine sides, thirty-four hands and sixteenfeet. The nine faces represent the nine Sutras of Mahayana, the two hornssymbolize the two truths, the thirty-four hands with body, the thirty-sevenmeaning, the thirty-seven Bodhi Dharma, the sixteen feet symbolize the sixteenemptiness, and the combination of men and women symbolizes the great happiness.On the left and right, eight feet step on eight things and eight birds,symbolizing "80% of the Department" and "eight freedom". Nudity and nirvanasymbolize "no dust". Anger and uprightness symbolize "wonderful way". As for thejoyful Buddha image, there are such legends in sibunayega Dharma and JapaneseTantra of dongmi: the woman is the incarnation of Guanyin Bodhisattva. With herbeauty, she subdued the king who believed in Brahmanism and made him theprotector of Buddhism. This kind of saying is completely out of the secularattachment psychology. It is a difficult realm for ordinary people to reach todeeply study the essence of Tantric cultivation. It is to break the ignorance,cultivate the good root and obtain the right consciousness. There is amysterious veil about the true meaning of Tibetan secrets. No wonder we cantunderstand it. However, the artistic charm of these superb human figures isamazing to every tourist.

Also on display in the exhibition room are the prison master King Kong,riding sheep to protect the Dharma, joyful King Kong, auspicious HeavenlyMother, shangle King Buddha and so on. Please enjoy it freely.

Although Pule temple is a Lamaist temple, there is no Lama in it, but it isguarded by eight banners. This is the place where the Kazakh, Uighur, Kirgiz andother ethnic upper class people who come to the summer resort to worship theQing emperor pay homage and live.

Dear friends, this is the end of the tour guides explanation of Puletemple. Short time together, eternal memory, in your heart, my heart left a goodmemory. I remember a song like this: "when we surpass our dreams, we need toface them sincerely, let our life savor this moment, and let the years rememberthis time.".

Dear friends, goodbye!

位于宁夏平罗县，距银川市区56公里，是全国35个王牌景点之一。沙湖拥有万亩水域、五千亩沙丘、两千亩芦苇、千亩荷池，盛产鱼类、鸟类，这里栖居着白鹤、黑鹤、天鹅等十数种珍鸟奇禽。你可在观鸟塔上遥看群鸟嬉戏的场景，在水边苇杆间、芦丛底部更有鸟巢无数，每年春季，五颜六色鸟蛋散布其间，堪称奇观。

除了品种繁多的鸟类外，沙湖还盛产各种鱼，在湖南岸的水族馆里，可以看到几十种珍稀鱼类，包括北方罕见的武昌鱼、娃娃鱼(大鲵)和体围1米多的大鳖。

湖西四周有滑沙、骑驼、骑马、游泳、垂钓、滑翔、沙滩排球、足球等游乐设施，还有旅游飞机空中观光节目。

沙湖是我国首批4A级生态旅游区之一，它位于平罗县境内，距首府银川市46千米，它的北面30千米处是宁夏著名的工业城市——石嘴山市，乘车由银川出发沿石中高速公路只需40多分钟便可抵达。

沙湖，南沙北湖，沙水相连，苇鸟相依，构成了一幅如诗如画、令人神往的美丽画卷。l991年6月19曰，原0中央-同志在宁夏视察工作时，来到沙湖，并亲笔题写“沙湖”二字，使沙湖更加享誉中外。景区开发建设十年来，还先后接待过党和国家领导人-、-、-、-等。如今，这里已成为我国西部旅游和投资的热点，是对外宣传宁夏、展示西部风情的窗口。

沙湖原本是一片湿地，由于不远处有贺兰山，每年夏季遇暴雨时，便有山洪下泄，经多年积蓄便形成了这样一个天然湖泊。湖泊形成之初，这里的人们利用它养鱼，增加收入，为了保证水源，便引来黄河之水做补给水源。这里的湖水清澈，鱼虾鲜美，没有任何污染，是真正的绿色食品。特别是沙湖的大鱼头，进了中南海，成为国宴佳肴。沙湖的水面约1333.3余公顷，它的东南方还有大片的湿地，加起来，总面积不低于3333.3余公顷，远远大于杭州的西湖。

说沙湖秀美，美就美在它那随风摇曳，独具特色的芦苇上，在这辽阔的湖面上，分布着286.7多公顷芦苇，迎风招展的芦苇，像一个婷婷玉立的少女迎接着八方游客的到来，我们说，沙湖胜似西湖，就是在于沙湖拥有如此旖旎的芦苇的原因。正是这些星罗棋布而又疏密有致的绿色风景，才将沙湖装点得绚丽多彩，芦苇还担负着净化水质的重任。

沙湖水产资源丰富，常见的鲤鱼、草鱼、鲢鱼，还有北方不常见的武昌鱼和娃娃鱼，每年3月，当万物苏醒之时，这里的芦苇和白洋淀的芦苇一样开始绽放新芽。于是，沙湖的草鱼伴随着芦苇生成，成片的嫩芽成为草鱼的美食。同样，经过草鱼修剪的芦苇也变得错落有致，东一丛，西一簇，成为沙湖迎风荡漾的绿色旗帜。

目前沙湖旅游区已形成了相当的规模，每年接待海内外游客60多万人。已开发的景点和旅游项目有：游乐园、了望塔、荷花苑、水族馆、苇荡迷津、湖心鸟巢、西部大漠、大漠旱舟、水上滑梯、水上摩托、滑沙索道、湖中荡舟、天然浴场，还有划船、观鱼、赏鸟、垂钓、滑沙、水上降落伞、骑骆驼、跑马等等。

沙湖的神奇，又体现在沙与水的巧妙结合上，我国南方多水而少沙，北方多沙而少水，但在这里湖傍金沙，沙水相连，南北合一，巧夺天工。因为沙湖地处季风的低洼地带，季风，不断将沙尘从远方带到这里，久而久之形成了如此大的沙漠。踏上这连绵起伏的沙丘，才能真正体会它的神韵，当我们赤脚走在细软的金沙上，一种软绵绵，麻酥酥的惬意感觉传遍全身。沙湖的金沙不仅有着观光旅游价值，还有许多医用神奇之处。夏日里，沙湖的沙子是接受日照最奢侈的豪富，阳光中许许多多对人体有用的元素，都积聚在金沙之中。因此，它既可以治疗风湿性关节炎，又可以为人体补充部分微量元素，还可以舒筋活血，为人们解除疲劳。

各位游客大家好，我是这次带领大家参观香港公园的导游，希望我能陪伴大家一同度过一段美好的时光。

香港概况

香港是中国两大特别行政区之一，是集旅游、购物与娱乐为一体的综合大都市。它地处华南沿岸，与中国广州深圳隔海相望。香港属亚热带气候，全年的气温较偏高。夏天炎热且潮湿，温度约在26~30℃之间，而冬天凉爽而干燥，但很少会降至5℃以下。香港景点及公园数不胜数，吸引着各地的游客前来观光。

香港公园简介

香港公园位于香港中区红棉路，邻近金钟地铁站。公园耗资3亿9千8百万元兴建，占地8公顷，於1991年5月用。是一个现代设计及设施与天然环境结合在一起的杰出景观点。公园的另一项引人之处是以流水为主题，利用人造山石堆砌而成 的瀑布、溪流、水池及悬崖，将园内的不同景致串连起来。

公园设施

观鸟园

大家现在来到的是前市政局提议在香港公园建设的一项崭新设施--尤德观鸟园，此园于1992年9月开放予公众人士参观。开放时间：每日上午9时至下午5时

温室

大家现在来到了温室的展览厅，香港公园温室的面积达1400平方米，是东南亚最大的温室之一。温室除了展览厅外，还包括旱区植物展览馆及热带植物展览馆，加上展览厅共3个场馆。开放时间：每日上午9时至下午5时

体育馆

这个体育馆具有空气调节的功能，有一个36米x36米的多用途主场，可提供下列设施： 8个羽毛球场、或两个篮球场、或两个投球场、或两个排球场。体育馆的其他设施包括一间多用途活动室、三张乒乓球桌及一间健身室。

壁球中心

香港壁球中心是全香港最大的壁球中心。有12个空气调节的壁球场。其中一个是三面以玻璃作墙及设有观众看台的表演场，供比赛及表演之用。

每年的香港壁球公开赛及很多国际赛事均在这个中心举行。

场内设有小食食肆提供饮食服务。

食肆

在公园内有3间大小不同， 风味各异的食肆，大家可在这些地方稍作休息，品尝一下这里的美食。人工湖畔设有空气调节的菜馆最大。这间菜馆提供不同的饮食环境，顾客除了在馆内品尝佳肴外，更可在馆外宽阔的长廊享用美食。

此外，公园内并有2间较小型的食肆，其一设在茶具文物馆内、而另一间设于壁球中心内。更有2个小食亭，方便游人在不同地点享用小食。

钟楼

瞧，这座20米高的钟楼，邻近东面正门，是公园的焦点标志，为游人提供一个集合地点。

中央花园

中央花园入口处是一条广植树木及设有喷泉的通道。在绿树环绕的公园中，既有喷泉广场，并有喷泉看台，游人置身其中，在喷水池的包围下，其乐无穷。

奥林匹克广场

此广场面积达1100平方米，约有880个座位。这个广场是专为举行活动而设的，例如体育推广活动、户外展览会、木偶戏、音乐会及其他文娱活动，而平日更是市民休憩的好地方。

鸟瞰角

鸟瞰角是一座30米高的塔，有105级梯级，塔顶设有观景台，大家可在此俯瞰整个公园。

好了，香港公园所有的景点就浏览完毕了，希望大家关注更多泰国好玩的地方，我们下次再见!

各位游客朋友：

大家好!欢迎观光天心阁。本人是景区讲解员__，希望通过我的讲解，能让大家对古城长沙和天心古阁厚重的历史文化有一个初步的了解。

天心阁是古城长沙的标志和象征，是长沙历史文化发展的见证，自古素有“潇湘古阁，秦汉名城”的美誉，为国家AAAA级旅游景区。因其地脉隆起，主吉祥之兆，故一直被视为长沙的风水宝地。景区建于1924年，是为保护具有2200多年历史的古城墙和400多年历史的古阁楼而修建的长沙第一个园林景点。

首先大家观赏到的是“薰风亭”和“伦鉴池”。“薰”是一种香草,“薰风”即“香风”;亭子建于盛夏，四面清香宜人，故此得名。红岩石壁上的“伦鉴”两字，“伦”为类似之意，“鉴”为镜子之意，意思就是指池水象镜面一样明净。话说唐太宗李世民在谏官魏征过世后，悲伤之余留下了“以铜为镜，可以正衣冠;以史为镜，可以知兴替;以人为镜，可以知得失”的千古名训，“伦鉴”一名由此而来。

天心阁是楚汉文化长沙之魂，而长沙是国务院公布的我国首批二十四座历史文化名城之一，天心阁是长沙的象征 ,见证了长沙的历史发展和变迁。世界上所有的城市史都有因市成镇，因镇而城的历史，所以长沙城历史由来以久，据史书记载早见于《逸周书·王会篇》的西周王朝，长沙城历经几千年，不迁不移，不动不改，至今繁衍生息，在当今的城市极为罕见。长沙的每一个建设项目都有可能挖掘出一批珍贵文物：如西汉马王堆女尸，商周青铜器，走马楼三国竹简等等……举不胜举。

现在大家看到的这片错落有致的石林，是景区的《历史名人石刻画廊》，它刻绘了33位对我们湖南有过突出贡献的历史名人，他们有的在湖南出生，有的在湖南为官，其中湘籍16人。炎帝神农氏，品百草造福于民，他晚年因误食一种叫“火焰草”(又称“断肠草”)的植物而谢世于湖南，炎帝陵就在我们湖南株州的炎陵县;朱熹、张轼为长沙岳麓山下的岳麓书院主讲;李芾，长沙(古称潭州)知州既湖南安抚使，南宋末期人，在元兵攻打长沙三日守城无望的情况下，领全家十九口人集体自尽，以示忠烈;曾国藩，湖南湘乡人，清朝道光年间洋务派首领之一，创建了“无湘不成军”的湘军，曾疯狂镇压太平军，后被捻军所败，但他的为人处世之道历来被后人所学习、传颂，所著多收入《曾文正公全集》中;魏源，湖南隆回人，提出“师夷长技以制夷”，在林则徐支持下著有50卷《海国图志》，被称为睁眼看世界的第一人;郭嵩焘，湖南湘阴人，清末外交官，近代中国向西方国家派出的第一位常驻使臣，出使(新加坡)期间，取用公款只薪水与房租两项，尝言：“廉才 君子以自责，不宜以责人; 惠者 君子以自尽，不宜以望于人”，时称名言。

前方大家看到的是入胜亭，有“扶摇向天心，到此方入胜”之说，意思是说天心胜境由此开始。请注意上面的对联，上联“天若有情天亦老”，下联是“心到无私心自宽”。此为嵌字联，又是藏头诗。大家看出来了没有，对了，就是我们景区的名字“天心”了，此联一番修身哲理尽在其中。

请看亭的另一面“崇德”，此匾为蒋介石所题，“旧事难忘一声惊午梦，新风振起万里看朝霞”相传为蒋介石所作，为1946年纪念抗日阵亡的将士所建，又名“崇烈亭”。从1939年9月至1941年12月，日军三次大举进犯长沙，以第九战区司令长官薛岳为主体的中国军队采取“后退决战”的战略，奋力抵抗。三次会战，日军均从长沙败退。长沙成为二战历史上坚持抗战达五年之久的英雄城市，成为中国抗战相持阶段的主要正面战场之一。由于天心阁占据长沙城内制高点，三次会战中都成为我军重要部防的主要阵地。英雄的长沙城以不败的身姿屹立于世人面前，而雄伟、壮观的古城墙，也就成为了长沙人民的骄傲。

现在大家纵目望去的，就是建于明末崇祯年以前，具有400多年历史的天心阁。初建时阁楼为一层，清乾隆年间修建为两层，1774年作为《四库全书》总阅官的李汪度还作了《重修天心阁记》;到清嘉庆年间，天心阁下的城南书院院长罗畸拨款重建，为现在大家所看到的三层，并增加南、北两附阁，使之更加雄伟、壮观;现主阁高14.6米，两附阁各高10米,整座阁楼仿明清时期南方园林建筑风格，“不登天心阁，不知古长沙。”请大家随我一起登阁参观。

主阁一层为《百年长沙图片展》，展示的是二十世纪长沙百年的历史变迁。首先请大家看《天心阁眺望》一诗，诗中的“潭州”即今天的长沙。此诗取自《善化县志》(原长沙分为长沙、善化两县，天心阁属善化县)，作者俞仪为明崇祯年京带指挥使，由此可推断天心阁早在400余年以前就高高耸立在古城之上了。再请看一下古长沙老地形图，它呈南北长、东西窄的条状，长沙有幅家喻户晓、脍炙人口的对子：“水陆洲洲系舟舟动洲不动，天心阁阁栖鸽鸽飞阁不飞”，这水陆洲呢就是橘子洲，水陆洲长约5500多米，宽约100多米，是长沙这一特殊地理景观代表。长沙的地质结构以石英砂岩为基础，经过常年外力作用，使大量沙、石都聚集于地表，由此得出长沙地名由来于“长形方洲，沙土之地”。

主阁第二层有两副大型浮雕，其一展示的是1938年11月12日晚的“文夕大火”后，周恩来与时任国民党湖南省主席的张治中亲临阁楼视察灾情的情景：武汉失陷，日军通往中国南方的门户打开，蒋介石对保卫长沙缺乏信心;在岳阳失守后，密令张治中对长沙实施“焦土抗战”，以天心阁举火为号，把个好端端的长沙城化为了一座废墟，毁城面积达90%，烧死3000余人，烧伤者近两万多人，全城平民无家可归，史称“文夕大火”，长沙也由此并列为二战时期四大毁坏最为严重的城市之一。可是不到三个月，英勇不屈的长沙人民又在废墟上立起了一个个棚屋的新长沙，用满腔热血抗击了日寇一次次进攻，使日军在一路得手的情形中第一次承认中国人民的不可凌辱。其二展示的是1930年7月，以彭德怀为首的红三军团武装攻克长沙，在中山亭胜利会师的场景。当时湖南醴陵人李立三受共产国际委托，提出“武装包围城市”的战略思想，后因敌我力量过于悬殊，红军又主动撤离了长沙。

为何称这楼为“天心阁”呢?根据中国古代星像学，天上有28星宿，其中南方七省为“朱雀”，在其尾巴上有颗主寿命的“长沙星”，而阁楼建好之后正好对着天上的“长沙星”，好比它也是天上的星星，故原名“天星阁”，是星星的星，是古代祭天神、观星象的“灵台”;大家都知道古人历来崇尚孔孟之道，原先阁楼供奉着孔子、孟子等人的神像，寓意“为孔孟传道统，为天地而立心”，因此星星的星又改为了心灵的心。另一说清康熙年间，康熙皇帝到长沙南巡，发现长沙木房子特别多，挺容易引发火患，为救万民于水火，特命长沙地方官在长沙地势最高，风水最好的位置建这么座防火、镇灾用的阁楼，言“天子的心意”。清末学者黄兆梅所撰的“四面云山皆入眼，万家烟火总关心”的名联，较好地概括了建阁的初衷。

现在大家眼中饱览的，就是长沙古城墙了。公元前202年，也就是西汉高祖五年，刘邦建汉时封了他的八大功臣为王，其中长沙王吴芮，就用土夯筑成长沙的古城墙，据今有2200多年历史了。到了明洪武五年，也就是公元1372年，长沙守御指挥使邱广改土筑城墙为砖石建筑，目的就是为了加强防御，使长沙成为“坚不可摧的铁城”。明末张献忠率大西军攻入长沙，城墙曾遭到破坏;清顺治十一年(公元1654年)，洪承畴经过湖南，驻长沙，拆运明藩府砖石修筑城墙，使古城墙再展雄姿。清咸丰二年(公元1852年)，城墙又遭太平军破坏，后历届湖南巡抚骆秉章、毛鸿宾等重修加固，增设炮台并建月城，使古城墙成半环拱式内双城格局。本来古城墙方圆有8.8公里，呈南北长、东西窄的条状，1914年，当时的国民党政府为了修环城马路，仅保留251米 的眼前这段城墙至今，作为长沙历史发展的一个重要见证。

请往我手指的方向看，这就是长沙古城墙的重要组成部分——“月城”，又名瓮城。顾名思义，因形状像半个月亮而得名，是古代兵勇囤兵和放置炮台的地方。它一般分上下两部分，上面放置远射程大炮，下面放置近射程大炮。月城内还有储存弹药和粮食用的仓库和通往城外的密道，它对研究我国古代军事防御工事有着重要的价值。有兴趣的朋友可以下去参观。

游客朋友们，大家在城墙上随处可见官窑印。这官窑印有明清两代砖文，一说是古砖厂商标，另一说是为长城砖样的“责任制”。

现在请大家观看《长沙大火》幻影成像片，它说的就是刚才介绍的1938年发生的“文夕大火”。

发生在古城墙下最出名的战役，莫过于《关公战长沙》。赤壁大战后，诸葛亮分遣诸将，进取零陵、桂阳、武陵、长沙四郡。关羽在长沙城下大战守将黄忠，互生企慕：一战各打五十回合，不分胜负;二战关公使“拖刀计”而黄忠马失前蹄，关二哥要赢得光明磊落，故而放了黄忠;三战黄忠诈败，回头向关羽放了三箭，头两箭为还关二哥人情，黄忠放的是空箭，后为报答前不杀之恩，黄忠只射了关羽的头巾，这回关二哥知道了黄忠的厉害，吓得当时手中的刀都掉了，故今长沙还有“捞刀河”。回城后长沙太守韩玄疑黄忠通敌，要将他推出斩首。魏延救了黄忠，要斩韩玄，韩玄为迷惑魏延，故意将其两只靴子各放南、北两处，故今长沙还有“南、北倒脱靴”。魏延识破其诡计，抓其杀掉，故长沙又有“赐闲湖”(刺韩湖)。后魏延献了城池;黄忠闭门不出，关羽登门相请，才出来投降。

好，我的讲解到此结束，感谢大家对我工作的支持，祝大家旅途愉快，一路平安!

北陵又称清昭陵是清朝第二代开国君主太宗皇太极以及孝端文皇后博尔济吉特氏的陵墓，占地面积16万平方米，是清初“关外三陵”中规模最大、气势最宏伟的一座。位于沈阳古城北约十华里，因此也称“北陵”，是清代皇家陵寝和现代园林合一的游览胜地。园内古松参天，草木葱茏，湖水荡漾，楼殿威严，金瓦夺目，充分显示出皇家陵园的雄伟、壮丽和现代园林的清雅、秀美。昭陵除了葬有帝后外，还葬有关睢宫宸妃、麟趾宫贵妃、洐庆宫淑妃等一批后妃佳丽，是清初关外陵寝中最具代表性的一座帝陵，是我国现存最完整的古代帝王陵墓建筑之一。

隆恩门

方城正门称为隆恩门，上有门楼。方城四角有角楼。方城内有隆恩殿、东西配殿、东西晾果房和焚帛亭。隆恩殿后面有二柱门、石五供和券洞门，券洞顶端是大明楼。方城之后是月牙城和宝城，在宝城中心，上为宝顶，下为地宫。宝城后面是隆业山，登山俯视，陵园风光可尽收眼底。

昭陵前部在缭墙外，参道两侧有华表、石狮、更衣亭等，而正中是牌楼。牌楼是前部主体建筑，系青石建成，四柱三层，雕刻得玲珑剔透，精美无双，为罕见的艺术珍品。游罢牌楼，即可至正红门，这是游中部的开始。正红门为缭墙的正南门，层楼高耸，十分庄严，而其两翼所装饰的五色琉璃蟠龙壁，因造形生动，更引人注目。正红门内的参道两旁，有华表、石兽和大望柱，它们两两相对。既整饬又肃穆。石兽中最值得欣赏的是"大白"和"小白"。这两匹石马形象逼真，栩栩若生，据说是以墓主生前最爱骑的两匹骏马为原型雕琢而成。欣赏罢石马，即可至碑亭。碑亭与正红门相对，为颂扬墓主而建，里面所竖碑称"昭陵神功圣德碑"。

出碑亭即至隆恩门。隆恩门是方城的正南门，与碑亭相对。方城为后部，它建造得如同城池一般，位于缭墙，仿佛是城中之城。

隆恩殿

游方城先要游隆恩殿。隆恩殿居于方城中心，前有隆恩门，后有明楼，左右有配殿，四隅有角楼，犹如众星拱月一般，故显得异常雄伟。隆恩殿以雕刻精美的花岗岩台阶为底座，以金光闪闪的黄琉璃瓦为屋顶，再加上画栋雕梁、金匾红墙，故又显得异常华丽。隆恩殿后经过明楼，即可至宝城。宝城在方城北端，为月牙形。宝城又称宝顶，其下即地宫，安置着墓主夫妇的棺椁和陪葬品。登上宝顶，向四下一望，绿树环合，景色清幽，宛若置身于城市山林中，一种恬适之感油然而生。

民国十六年五月

民国十六年五月(1920_年)，以陵寝为中心辟为“北陵公园”，如今占地面积332万平方米。其总体规划是以陵寝为中心，分陵寝、陵前和陵后三部分。园内的自然景观千姿百态，五彩缤纷，其中芳秀园是北陵公园的园中园，总面积4万平方米，种植了近200种植物，呈，各具特色。初春樱花盛开，满园飘香;盛夏荷花竞放，柳浪闻莺;深秋满山红叶，层林尽染;寒冬银装素裹，苍松挺拔。纵观整个园林，春有花，夏有阴，秋有果，冬有青，奇花异石，小桥流水，颇有江南之秀。园内建筑与景观巧妙结合，用中国传统园林建筑艺术将自然美和人工美合为一体，构成了一幅天然画卷，吸引大量的中外游客来此参观。北陵公园拥有30万平方米的人工湖水面，夏天碧波荡漾，柳岸成荫，乘坐脚踏船、快艇观光游玩，泛舟湖上，别有一番情趣。现在北陵公园已是闻名中外的旅游景区。现为国家重点文物保护单位。

古松群

昭陵的另一特色是漫漫数里的古松群。现存古松二千余棵，松龄达三百多年，摇曳挺拔，参天敝日。这些苍翠的陵松在金瓦红墙中构成昭陵又一壮丽景观，其中的“神树”、“凤凰树”、“夫妻树”、“姐妹树”、“龟树”等更是别具特色。

各位朋友：

大家好!

今天来，我怀着愉快的心情，以当地主人的身份，欢迎远道而来的客人到旅游。

云台山位于河南省焦作市修武县境内，拥有十一大景点，20xx年2月13日，被联合国教科文组织评选为全球首批世界地质公园。同时，还是国家级风景名胜区、全国文明风景旅游区、首批国家AAAA-旅游景区、国家自然遗产、国家森林公园、国家级猕猴自然保护区、国家水利风景区、国家文化产业示范基地，荣获了世界杰出旅游服务品牌等多项荣誉。20xx年3月，“云台山”被国家工商总局认定为中国驰名商标。20xx年7月，被河南省人民政府授予20xx年度(首届)河南省省长质量奖。20xx年9月，被国家质量监督检验检疫管理总局评为全国质量工作先进单位。

位于河南省焦作市的修武县境内，以独具特色的“北方岩溶地貌”、“云台山水”被联合国教科文组织列入全球首批世界地质公园名录。同时又是河南省唯一一个集国家级风景名胜区、首批国家AAAA-旅游景区、全国文明风景旅游区、国家森林公园、国家自然遗产、国家水利风景区、国家级狝猴自然保护区、国家文化产业示范基地等八个国家级于一体的风景名胜区。景区面积240平方公里，含泉瀑峡、潭瀑峡、红石峡、茱萸峰、子房湖、万善寺、百家岩、叠彩洞、猕猴谷、青龙峡、峰林峡等十一大景点。还有亚洲落差最大的瀑布--云台天瀑。20xx年7月7日，在北京召开的我国世界地质公园推荐会上，云台山地质公园以103.85分的高分，排名黄山、庐山之后，成为我国向联合国教科文组织推荐的8个地质公园之一。20xx年2月13日北京时间23时，在法国巴黎召开的联合国教科文组织世界地质公园专家评审大会上，云台山金榜题名，成为了首批28个世界地质公园中的一员。云台山景区以世界第五、全国第三的名次被联合国教科文组织命名为全球首批世界地质公园而在国内外引起瞩目，名扬世界。20xx年7月11日，在由国家旅游局发布的旅-业第一份“中国旅游百强景区”排行榜中，该景区以20xx年391万人次的接待量排名第22位。-《大秦帝国》、《争霸传奇》、《马鸣风萧萧》、《孙子大传》等多部影视剧在此取景拍摄。

云台山满山覆盖的原始森林，有深邃幽静的沟谷溪潭，千姿百态的飞瀑流泉，如诗如画的奇峰异石，形成了云台山独特完美的自然景观，云气缭绕，仙风回荡，为道教历代重玄派妙真道士仙居之福地洞天，道教妙真祖庭。汉献帝的避暑台和陵基，中国山水园林文化鼻祖“竹林七贤”的隐居地(至今有刘伶醒酒台、稽康淬剑石、孙登啸台等遗迹)。唐代药王孙思邈的采药炼丹遗迹，玄帝宫、重阳阁等等。唐代大诗人王维写出“每逢佳节倍思亲”千古绝唱的茱萸峰，以及众多名人墨客的碑刻、文物，形成了云台山丰富深蕴的文化内涵。

hua shan is the highest of china’s five sacred mountains. it is 120kilometers east of xian. it has five peaks that resemble the petals of a flower.the highest peak is 2180 meters (7085 feet).

we had had discussions about going to hua shan with some graduate studentsfrom computer science. that didn’t work out due to changes in schedules on bothsides. also, they were planning to do the climb at night to be able to reach thepeak at sunrise. that did not appeal to us. we wanted to spend a night on themountain. fran’s department arranged a trip for us, making reservations at thesimple hotel on the north peak. they sent two graduate students to accompany us,though they had not been to hua shan before. we met them at 8:00 on saturdaymorning and took a taxi to the train station. there we asked around and locateda mini-bus. the bus made a couple of stops. one was to see a presentation aboutthe traditional medicines grown on the mountain and a chance to buy some ofthem. it probably would have been interesting if we understood chinese. ourguides gave us the general outline about what was said. the other stop was aquick lunch stop.

there are two approaches to hua shan. [chinese proverb: “there is one roadand only one road to hua shan,” meaning that sometimes the hard way is the onlyway.] the west entrance involves 10 kilometers of walking on a road before youstart climbing. we went with the east entrance, where the bus brings you to thebase of a cable car that goes up to the 1500 meter north peak. our plan was towalk up to the north peak, then climb to the four other peaks the next day andtake the cable car down.

we started the climb in the early afternoon. the path consists of stonesteps with rough chain link handrails in the narrowest areas (we wore ourbicycling gloves for hand protection). physically, it is more like climbing thesteps of a skyscraper than trails at home. however, the temperature was about 95degrees and there was not much shade. we brought lots of water, including somebottles that we froze and some gatorade that we got at the fancy departmentstore in downtown xian. there are plenty of refreshment stands along the waywhere you can buy bottled water, the chinese equivalent of gatorade, and otherdrinks or snacks at a premium price.

we reached the north peak before 4:00 pm and rested at the hotel. our roomwas basic, but comfortable and clean enough. because water is scarce on themountain, there were neither showers nor sinks available for washing. in thatsense the experience felt like camping, but we were sleeping in a big tent!

after dinner at the hotel restaurant, we spent some time talking with ourguides. we were a bit surprised to find that they both think of japannegatively, but like the u.s. it seems that japan’s wwii behavior in china hasnot been forgotten, and is emphasized in school.

we saw a beautiful sunset and watched the sky become resplendent withthousands of stars, including the milky way galaxy. this was the clearest skythat we have seen in china. the fresh air at hua shan is a treat!

our guides had both been planning to get up at 4:00 am to watch thesunrise. fran and i made sleep a priority. we did happen to wake up a bit beforesunrise (our room faced east) and went outside to watch the sky become rosy.ironically, our guides missed the sunrise because they had stayed up latewatching the european soccer championships on the television in their room

the plan for the day was to climb the other four peaks, but we reserved theright to shorten the route. the first part was a steep climb to middle peak.after the low north peak, all the others are at roughly __ meters. there werecrowds on the way to middle peak – mostly chinese hikers but we did see a fewother wai guo (foreigners) as well.

we visited two taoist temples en route to middle peak. each one had analtar with incense and offerings of fruit. the friendly monks invited us to saya prayer or to send blessings to loved ones. fran accepted their invitation. atthe first temple, she lit incense sticks and knelt on a cushion in front of thealtar saying a silent prayer for our safe journey to the various summits of huashan (the prayer was answered). at the second temple, she knelt on a cushion infront of the altar and sent silent blessings to several friends who areexperiencing challenging situations in their lives at present. after eachblessing, she leaned forward and the monk struck a drum.

after middle peak, the crowds got much thinner. the next was east peak,which had a steep ladder climbing rock. fran was dubious about this ascent, butrealized that the ladder wasn’t so bad and went for it. that was a good decisionbecause we were then able to do a loop and the trails got almost empty at thispoint. after skirting the top of a cliff with a steep dropoff on both sides, wehad a pleasant walk to south peak and west peak. there was even a small amountof dirt trail! the summit of south peak was the highest point on hua shan, so ofcourse we asked another hiker to take a photo of our guides and us. the viewsfrom the tops of each peak were beautiful. hua shan and the surroundingmountains are very rugged and remind us somewhat of hiking in the southwesternunited states or the sierras.

we took a route that eventually brought us to the main line returning downfrom middle to north peak. we were happy to have ascended each of the five peaks(petals) of flower mountain.

cable car (the longest in asia), it was just 7 minutes down to the parkentrance. we caught a shuttle bus into town, then transferred to a bus forxian.

our guides told us that we had walked up and down a total of 4000 stairs!we were glad that we did not have this information when we started. for threedays after returning home, our sore leg muscles instructed us to take theelevator to our fifth floor apartment rather than climbing the stairs.

Bonjour tout le monde!Je suis votre guide aujourdhui.Lendroit où nousallons jouer aujourdhui est Wuzhen, dans la ville de Tongxiang, dans laprovince du Zhejiang.

La ville de Wuzhen, un village aquatique du Sud de la rivière Yangtze,hérite dune histoire et dune culture millénaires, dun paysage aquatiquesimple et beau, dune cuisine unique et de festivals folkloriques colorés.Wuzhenest également connu sous le nom de "terre du poisson et du riz", "maison de lasoie".

Les touristes!Nous sommes arrivés à Wuzhen.Vous sentez une odeurancienne?Oui, parce que Wuzhen a une longue histoire, il est facile dapporterun sentiment de simplicité.Allez, je vais dabord vous emmener à Wuzhen pourfaire le célèbre canot noir!

Après avoir pris lauvent, allons visiter latelier historique defabrication de tissus!Ce type de tissu bleu que vous voyez maintenant estlimpression traditionnelle de p?te blanche creuse, aussi connu sous le nom detissu Indigo, il y a 1300 ans.Il a dabord été teint à laide dun colorant àlherbe bleue.Le tissu dimpression bleu est fait de poudre de soja, de mortiersynthétique et de bleu grillé. Il est fait de tout le coton textile à la main,gravure, grattage et dautres techniques dimpression et de teinturemulticanales.Vous pouvez en acheter et les ramener pour mémoire.

Touristes, comment sest passé le voyage daujourdhui en ma compagnie?Toutle monde est content?Sil vous pla?t, faites attention à ne pas jeter de déchetspendant la visite, sil vous pla?t amusez - vous et amusez - vous!

西安钟楼，是国内最大、最完整的一座钟楼，始建于明洪武十七年（公元1384年），钟楼处于西安的中心地带，是古城的地标之一，以它为中心辐射出东、南、西、北四条大街并分别与西安城墙东、南、西、北四门相接。

西安的鼓楼，原先在西边的广济街上，随着城市中心东移，在明神宗万历十年（1582年），将钟楼迁徙到了鼓楼东边，今天的位置。

钟楼呈典型明代建筑艺术风格，下部为砖石结构的正方形基座，顶部为三重四面攒尖顶结构，覆着深绿色琉璃瓦，顶尖用真金铂包裹。基座四面正中各有高约6米的门洞，门洞间互通，过去是东、南、西、北四条大街交会的通道，人流车辆从门洞通过，如今门洞已封闭，周围建有公路转盘，地下有专供人行的通道。

进入钟楼的入口就在这地下通道内，有楼梯可盘旋登楼。钟楼内有一口仿制“景云钟”，原件铸于唐睿宗景云二年（公元720xx年），现在收藏在西安碑林博物馆里。

站在钟楼上，能够看到从钟楼延伸出来的东、南、西、北四条大街，钟楼周边西安最繁华的商区、及不远处的鼓楼。

游客在游玩钟楼时，还能欣赏到美妙的访古表演，每天日间6场，具体演出时间可详见网上。在钟楼和鼓楼之间为钟鼓楼广场，有音乐喷泉。

身体好才是真的好，据官方统计北京人平均寿命已经达到了80岁，改革开放前是60岁，为什么?生活水平提高了，中国社会在发展，北京在发展，以前只有皇帝可以吃的，现在普通百姓也能吃上宫廷风味，以前皇帝可以穿的丝绸，现在普通百姓也可以购买到了，以前皇帝带的玉石，对身体好，我们现在也一样可以购买到，有三百多年历史的同仁堂的药材以前专供皇室享用，尤其是慈禧西太后，常年服用同仁堂的乌鸡白凤丸，现在我们也一样可以买得到，还有皇家专用的景泰蓝观赏品都可以买得到，简单地说皇家吃的穿的玩的对身体好的，我们现在都可以办得到了，除了皇上的后宫佳丽三千，这么多女人我们是办不到的。我们来到北京旅游，如果自己需要用到这些东西，或者作为礼物送给亲朋好友都是非常有face的，可以支持北京旅游业发展，也可以提高自己生活品味。说到品味，男人分6等，一等男人家外有家，二等男人家外有花，三等男人花中寻家，四等男人下班回家，五等男人下班回家老婆不在家，六等男人下班回家老婆身边有个他。女人可以分4等，一等美女漂洋过海，二等美女深圳珠海，三等美女北京上海，四等美女在家等待。

那么我们北京平时怎么称呼美女的呢?年龄比你大的叫姐，老年的叫大妈，年龄比你小的叫姑娘。称呼男性一般都叫哥，老年的叫大爷。小孩统称小朋友。但是纯北京人，也就是老北京，管姑娘不叫姑娘，叫小妞儿。管美女不叫美女，叫蜜儿。管他不叫他，叫丫。管你不叫你，叫您内。管女人不叫女人，叫娘们儿。管男人不叫男人，叫爷们儿。管朋友不叫朋友，叫瓷器。管情人不叫情人，叫傍尖儿。管小女孩不叫小女孩，叫丫头片子。

这是北京的称呼，天津的称呼更特别，比如说：有喊姐姐的，没有喊妹妹的，反正无论你多大，哪怕只有十几岁，也可能会有50或60岁的人称呼你姐姐，而不是妹妹。有喊大哥的，没有喊兄弟或老弟的，即使是上了年纪的奶奶也会称呼20几岁的小伙子为大哥，但不会称呼兄弟的。有喊伯伯(bai)的，却没有喊叔叔的，就是说不管你的父亲在家排行第几，你都要称呼他其他的兄弟为伯伯，父亲的弟弟也不叫叔叔。总之，基本都是往大了喊，这就是天津的称呼，天津被称为北京的后花园，节假日北京人也会开着车去那里度假。天津离北京一百多公里，全程高速也就二个多小时能到天津，如果我们有时间的话花很少的车费就可以顺便多玩一个城市。

在我的内心深处，无锡是一个美丽的地方，更是一座梦想之城。

我现在居住的无锡是一个繁华的城市。在这里，生活着来自各地的人们，虽然他们来自不同的城市，但是他们却是“道不同志同”。他们都在这个陌生的城市打拼、奋斗，想让家人过上更好的生活。

每天早上四五点，当你还沉浸在美梦中，他们有的人就得不从温暖的被窝中爬起，穿上厚厚的棉袄，骑着车子乘着冷风去拿菜。他们，就是卖菜的叔叔阿姨们。买菜的老板在诺大的菜场里东走西走，为的就是能够挑到新鲜的菜，这样才能卖个好价钱。在他们点了点头以后，就会拿着塑料袋装菜。当他们完全挑好了以后，就会开心地满载着菜回到自己卖菜的地方。这时，天刚刚亮了，他们开始了新一天的卖菜工程。

上班族们也很忙碌。他们每天都全身心投入到工作中，认认真真将老板交代的任务完成。有时，他们也会加班，熬到很晚才回家，甚至连睡觉的时间也没有，在大街小巷，到处都是这样匆匆而过的身影，那是辛勤奋斗的证明。

不仅是大人们在奋斗，上学的孩子们也在奋斗。比如在我们南丰小学，同学们一个个也在奋斗。他们上课认真听讲，仔仔细细地将作业完成，为的是在考试的时候，能够考一个好成绩。我也是其中的一份子，和其他同学一样，我也在努力着。每天我都在孜孜不倦地学习，如海绵吮吸知识的甘霖。因为我知道，只有现在好好学习，长大以后才能有所作为。

在无锡，只要你停下脚步用心感受，就可以感受到，不光是自己一个人在奋斗，周围的人们也都在向前迈进，不要觉得孤独，因为还有很多人和你一样，加油吧!

我心田中的无锡，就是这样一个由许许多多人的梦想凝结而成的地方，人人都在为自己的梦想奋斗，我爱这座梦想之城!

各位游客：在无锡有一座近500年历史的名园，它不仅体现了我国明清两代造园艺术的高超水平，而且文物也十分丰富，这就是我们即将前去游览的寄畅园。

寄畅园是中国山麓别墅园林的代表。它位于惠山东麓，占地I4.85亩。该园虽小，却能利用山水地形，精心布局，巧妙运用借景，将惠山、锡山秀色揽人围内，以有限的空间，造无尽的意境，从而成为中国古典园林的杰出典范。1988年寄畅园被列为国家重点文物保护单位。

【寄畅园历史沿革和得名由来】

关于寄畅园的创建历史，最早可以追溯到明代，它的前身是秦氏家园，故名“秦园”。此园第一代园主秦金，号凤山，是宋代著名文学家秦观的后裔。在明嘉靖年间，他曾先后任吏部、户部、礼部、兵部、刑部等五部尚书，为告老还乡，颐养天年，利用原惠山寺“南隐”和“汇寓”两僧舍，初步奠定了园林的雏形，因秦金号“凤山”，故初名“凤谷行窝”。

到了明万历十九年(1591年)，第三代园主秦耀因失意于官场而被解职，从而驱使他寄情于山水之间，先后花了七年时间，在“民谷行窝”的基础上建成20景。新园建成后，取王羲之的诗句“取欢仁智乐，寄畅山水阴;清冷涧下濑，历落松竹林”，而命名为“寄畅园”。

清代顺治十四年(1657年)，秦氏后裔秦德藻专门请了造园名家张南垣设计改造，并由他的高徒侄子张武负责施工，在园内精心叠石，引入惠山泉。经一代名家张南垣的创意，寄畅园的风光更美了，名声也更大了。

康熙、乾隆两朝帝王对寄畅园更是十分垂青，在100年间，他们祖孙两人分别六下江南，每次都要到奇畅园游览。康熙还特意为寄畅园题写了“山色溪光”、“松风水月”刻石。乾隆更是不惜耗费巨资，以寄畅因为蓝本，在北京万寿山建了一座“惠山园”，就是如今在颐和园中的“谐趣园”。

各位游客：寄畅园的历史就介绍到这里，下面随我到园中去参观。

【凤谷行窝大厅—秉礼堂—含贞斋—九狮台—邻梵阁】

各位：在门厅右侧墙壁上，嵌刻的是明代石刻《寄畅园记》。过门厅，天井里两块刻石，右边是康熙题写的“山色溪光”，概括国内景色;左边是乾隆题写的“玉戛金從”，赞美园内八音洞的美妙泉声。往前是“民谷行窝”大厅，三门敞厅正中悬挂朱妃瞻所题写的匾额。凤谷行窝是寄畅园最早的名。寄畅园第一代主人秦金，号“凤山”，惠山俗称龙山，以“凤山”相对，指出此地是“凤藏龙山”的风水宝地。现在的大厅是清雍正年间改建的，厅前柱子上挂着无锡金石家高石农篆书翁同龢的楹联：“杂树垂荫，云淡烟轻;凤泽洁畅，气爽节和。”走廊东门叫“侵云”门，“侵云”为锡峰塔的别名，出此间可望锡峰塔影。酉门为“碍月”门，可眺望九龙山峰，因峰高阻碍月色，故名“碍月”。

从“碍月”门出来，是一座苏式小庭院，中间是小水池，用太湖石围砌。周围红柱回廊连接整个庭院，廊的两端各有一个月洞门，分别叫“凝翠”和“含秀”。在廊壁上嵌有一部分《寄畅园法帖》石刻。院子南面的“秉礼堂”，古朴典雅，装饰扇木格子落地长窗，共有18扇。这里是执掌礼仪的场所，据说此堂题名是为纪念关公。关羽被曹操软禁后，为试探关羽，只给他一间房，关羽把房让给嫂嫂，自己站在门外，借月光读书到天明。曹操为此佩服至极。园主人更是敬佩关公，题名“秉礼”，即秉烛达旦，遵守礼节之意。

从北面出小院，坐西朝东的三门古屋，是“含贞斋”，这里原是明代园主秦耀读书处，这位官场失意的园主喜欢吟咏“盘桓抚古松，千载怀渊明;岁寒挺高节，吾自含我贞”的诗句，因此斋名也就叫作“含贞斋”。屋前两棵银杏树，高大挺拔，在它的后面种植着大片桂花树。穿过树林，看到的是“九狮台”。

九狮台是座大型假山，整座假山看上去像九只用太湖石叠成的巨大的雄狮。据说这是根据元代无锡大画家倪云林的《九狮图》画稿堆砌而成的。登上狮首，是全国最高点，整个园林一览无余。

从九狮台南行，不远就到了“邻梵阁”。梵界即为佛界，阁建在假山上，因紧靠惠山寺，故名“邻梵阁”。原来的建筑已毁，现在的阁是在80年代初根据明代王稚登《寄畅园记》的记载重建的，游人登临眺望，锡山风光尽收眼底。

【美人石—锦汇漪—郁盘亭—郁盘长廊】

各位游客：我们继续向东走，在快到尽头的高墙前，这座三米多高的湖石，它倚墙而立，像窈窕淑女，在方池前以水为镜，梳理发妆。所以人们都叫她“美人石”。石前这个长方形的池塘，叫“镜池”。游客欣赏“美人石”一定要站在方池的西南角，少女楚楚动人的神态才能惟妙惟肖地展现在您的面前。石前的御碑亭里有乾隆的御笔。乾隆来此游览时，认为此石巍然昂首，有大丈夫气魄，将它改名为“介如峰”。园主人为此特意把乾隆的题和题诗刻成石碑，立在镜池前面。各位游客，大家看一下石的南墙角，有一块不显眼的石头，好像一只癫蛤蟆，对着美人石张口垂涎，真像癫蛤模想吃天鹅肉。

从美人石的碑亭向北看，这片碧波荡漾的水面是“锦汇漪”，因为它汇集全国锦绣景色而得名。而整个寄畅园的风景正是围绕着这一流池水为中心而展开的。“锦汇漪”南北长，东西狭，面积仅有2.5亩，却显得开阔明朗。东面是临水亭廊，西面地势高处造假山，水面上筑有石桥，使水面成为不规则的巨大镜面，把周围的山影、塔影、廊影、亭影、树影、花影和人影汇集在池中。

从“锦汇满”东岸沿长廊向北，首先看到的是一座六角小亭，亭名“郁盘”，取自王维《辅川园记》中“郁郁盘盘，云水飞动”之句。亭中青石圆台和石鼓凳是明代遗留下来的秦氏旧物。郁金亭还有一个民间传说：清朝惠山寺有位老和尚，棋艺高超。乾隆游惠山时，便和他在青石圆台上对弈。结果，乾隆连连得胜、他想：我的棋艺远不如老僧，为何反而连连得胜?无非我是皇帝，他不敢取胜罢了。后查明果然不出乾隆所料，因此乾隆虽然获胜，仍郁郁不欢，后人就把此回台取名“郁盘”，亭就叫一郁盘亭”了。

由郁盘亭向北的长廊叫“郁盘长廊”，为秦耀改造园林时所建。旧廊前后古木成荫，郁郁葱葱，墙上漏窗外竹石花木若隐若现。游客仔细看会发现，这里的廊柱特别高，这条长廊也特别高敞。因此在廊内举目四望，“锦汇漪”对面的高大树木，以及雄伟的惠山也能一览无遗。

【知鱼槛—鹤步滩—七星桥—涵碧亭】

顺着长廊向北，只见有一方亭伸入水中，此亭名叫“知鱼槛”。它三面环水，是当年秦耀改建寄畅园时建造的。建成以后言主人常常在此凭槛观鱼，怡然自得。亭中的匾额是张辛稼所书，中间悬挂着吴永康画的观鱼图。

“知鱼槛”对面是“鹤步滩”。它是园中的主山，用当地山石围叠，并用土夯实。造园者把这里的假山当作惠山余脉来处理，使它们气势相连，假山脚下有弯曲谷道，洞水顺流而下，水石相谐，情趣盎然，好似成群白鹤栖息漫步，因此取名“鹤步滩”。

“锦汇漪”上的石桥，用7条石板直铺而成，因名“七星桥”。七星桥东面临水的是飞檐翘角的“涵碧亭”。亭后的古樟，已有400多年历史。

【嘉树堂—八音涧—明清古樟—《寄畅园法帖》石刻】

嘉树堂是寄畅园最北面的一座建筑，1993年全面翻修，恢复明代硬山式建筑风格。游客站在堂前，南面秀丽的锡山，山顶的龙光塔和园中的知鱼槛、郁金亭等融合在一起，形成了“山地塔影”的奇妙景象。这是寄畅园小中见大建园风格的体现。

嘉树堂东面是“浣绿”廊门，而出西边“闻韵”廊门，便到了“八音涧”。此涧是根据晋代左思“何必丝与竹，山水有清音”的名句而命名的。八音洞用黄石堆砌而成，上面种古树，下面清泉流淌，洞水引自“二泉”水，人行其中如行幽谷中。

八音涧边假山群中的这些古树，都是有二三百年树龄的古樟，它们枝繁叶茂，最大的胸围有4米。

在游览寄畅园中，我们还可欣赏到《寄畅园法帖》石刻，一共200多方，分布在郁盘亭长廊、秉礼堂、含贞斋的墙上，以及邻梵阁、嘉树堂中。这些法帖是清嘉庆年间秦氏家族在乾隆所赐《三希堂法帖》的基础上，搜集宋、元、明、清名家，如秦观、文徵明、董其昌、刘塘等的墨迹，精雕细刻而成。现在看到的是1981年根据旧拓本重新摹刻的，基本再现古时风采。在含贞斋南侧围墙上，还保存着零星残存的原有石刻。如果客人中有书法爱好者，可以慢慢浏览欣赏。

各位游客：寄畅园的游览已经结束了。通过刚才的游览，使我们感到此园面积虽小，却能巧用借景，小中见大，达到咫尺园林，多方胜境的效果。

各位朋友:

欢迎来到美丽的天鹅城黑龙江省旅游.黑龙江省气候特点是四季分明，无论是哪个季节来，您都会享受到各具特色的旅游。茫茫的林海雪原、浩瀚的原始森林、绿茵千里的湿地草原、神秘地大界江、五彩缤纷地秋季“五花山”，会使您领略到黑龙江省风光的自然、粗犷、古朴与绮丽，感受到回归大自然、融入大自然的崇高境界界。黑龙江省，系由境内最大的合理流黑龙江得名，简称“黑”。面积46万多平方公里，占全国总面积的4。8%，在各省中居第六位。人口3700万，占全国人口的3.22%。

黑龙江省地域辽阔，土地肥沃，山川纵横，资源丰富，经济发达。新中国成立50多年来，黑龙江经历了曲折发展和振兴腾飞的历史进程。今天，黑龙江省已成为雄踞北疆的国家商品粮基地、机械工业基地、石油化工和煤炭工业基地、木材生产基地。

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黑龙江省位于东北边陲，是我国位置最北、纬度最高、太阳升起最早的省份。最北端在漠河一带，纬度超过了53°，它是中国最接近北极圈(66°31’)的地方,农历夏至时和冬至时，在这里可以看到北极圈的极昼极夜现象，因此被称为“中国的北极”。东端位置在抚远县东乌苏里江和黑龙江汇流处乌苏镇，被称为“东方第一镇”，是我国太阳升起最早的地方，因此有中国“东极”之称。东部隔黑龙江、乌苏里江与俄罗斯相望。西部与内蒙古毗邻。南部与吉林省接壤。整个陆地、水面与俄罗斯之间的边界线全场3045公里，有得天独厚的边境贸易和边境旅游的优势。

(多姿多彩的山林湿地)

黑龙江省地势北高东低，地形复杂多样。

大兴安岭山地，位于大兴安岭地区和内蒙古自治区的大兴安岭，面积8.6万平方公里，平均海拔1000米-1400米，主要由火山岩组成。由于受古代冰川作用和现代水流侵蚀，因而山体浑圆，东陡西缓。东坡边缘为阶地山麓，西坡成高原状，皆有森林覆盖，被称为“绿色长城”。

小兴安岭山地，它同大兴安岭相毗邻，东南连接三江平原，东北部紧抵黑龙江边，面积7.7万平方公里，平均海拔600米-1000米。山体和缓，呈丘陵台地状，盛产红松，被誉为红松地故乡。

东南部山地，包括张广才岭、老爷岭和完达山，面积7万多平方公里，平均海拔600米-1000米。玄武岩地熔岩台地经流水长期切割，行程显著地平顶方山，花岗岩地区有无数局部山间盆地，蕴藏着深厚地煤层和近代冲积层。

松嫩平原，位于黑龙江省西部。由松花江，嫩江侵蚀冲积而成。面积13万多平方公里。地势平坦，平均海拔150米-200米，内有大片宜耕地、沼泽、湖泊和风沙地，是黑龙江省主要农牧区和湿地旅游区。

三江平原，位于黑龙江省东部。由黑龙江、松花江、乌苏里江冲积而成，面积7.5万平方公里。现已大面积垦殖，建有50多个机械化大型国有农场，已成为黑龙江省主要商品粮基地之一和农业旅游、湿地旅游观光带。

它为什么叫“五女山”呢?这尚有一个瑰丽感人的传说呢!在太古期间，山上住着五姐妹，她们个个身手高强，身怀特技，经常为人们造福，深受人们热爱。有一年，山脚下的浑江里溘然来了一条黑龙，它作恶多端、强逼黎民，那五姐妹便下山去降龙，他们斗了三天三夜，斗得惨无天日，最终，黑龙死了，五姐妹也和黑龙同归于尽。人们为了眷念五姐妹，就把她们曾经住过的山峰称为“五女山”。

这五女山的有名不只由于它有感人的传说，更是由于它有迷人的景色。春天，满山的翠绿;炎天，天女木兰花争奇斗艳;秋日，是最美的时辰，层林尽染，冬天，山上白雪皑皑，这样的景致，会让情面不自禁地想起《沁园春雪》中“千里冰封，万里雪飘”“山舞银蛇”的诗句。那么此刻我们就一同明确这瑰丽的景致吧!

这里是十八盘。它是一条之字形的千年古道，曲曲折折，刚好转了18道弯，故称18盘。通向山顶的路尚有一条，那是一条直达山顶的石阶路，特点是又直又陡，总计999级台阶，是1999年建筑的，意为九九归一。十八盘回环旋转，直达山顶，其止境与迂腐山城的西大门相接。

天昌门又称清风门，距西门约50米。盛夏酷暑汗出如浆到此，华中地区，立即会有清风缓缓吹来，不愧有‘清风口’之称。天昌门的俩侧石壁，仿佛刀削斧劈。昔时，高句丽仅用少数士兵在此捍卫，其险峻可见一斑。

这里是编号为一号的大型构筑基址，俗称王宫遗址。此刻这里是一片萋萋荒草，谁能想到，在这荒草下却掩埋着一座宫殿的废墟。颠末说明，这里很有也许是高丽政权第一代王朱蒙昔时成立宫殿的处所。其时的宫殿异常简略，并不像我们想象的那样光辉，既没有五光十色的琉璃瓦，也没有皎洁如玉的台阶，不外是一座稍大的屋子罢了。当时辰，高丽还没有把握砖瓦的技能，据此宫殿四壁应该是土墙或石墙。

各位团友：现在我们来到的这个道观是崂山的太清宫，它是崂山历史最久，规模最大的一处道观，建于西汉建元元年(公元前140年)距今已有2140多年历史。

太清宫的创始人是江西人张廉夫，他因做官不顺，弃官修道，在此修建了一所茅庵，供奉三官，取名"三官庙"。到了唐朝末年，道士李哲玄又扩建庙宇供奉三皇，取名"三皇殿"。宋朝时期，道士刘若拙又自修了一所茅庵供奉老子神像。刘若拙武艺高强，宋太祖听说他修道高深，于公元960年(建隆元年)召其入京，想把他留在宫中，刘若拙坚决要求回崂山，宋太祖就赦封他为"华盖真人"，由此给他巨款，敕建"上苑"和上清宫，重修太清宫。太清宫是刘若拙的别院。从此，太清宫就基本形成了今天的规模。太清宫主要有"三官殿"、"三清殿"、"三皇殿"等多间建筑。

[太清牌坊]

这里是太清宫牌坊，1997年太清宫出资修建，高8米，宽16米，由底座、立柱、额枋、字板四部分组成,为四柱三门式。牌坊又称牌楼，是中国特有的门洞式建筑，虽然它只是中国古建筑中的"小品"，但其古老深厚的历史底蕴和极为丰富的人文使其被公认为是中华文化的象征，加上它具有强烈的装饰、衬托、气氛渲染的风格，自然被广泛地应用到寺观庙宇的建筑中来，起到了标识引导、空间分界、装饰美化、纪念颂扬的作用。

太清石坊阳面"崂山太清宫 "五字为中国宗教局闵志庭道长题写;阴面"阆苑圣德"为本观现任道长刘怀远所题。"阆"字意为"空旷"，庄子外物曾记"胞有重阆，心有天游"，意指心胸宽阔;"苑"指花园，"阆苑"则指具有"阆风的花园"，古指仙人所居之境;唐李商隐《李羲山诗集》中有"阆苑有书多附鹤，女墙无处不(妻)鸾"。"阆苑圣德 "是指具备高尚品行的仙人居住之处。

[正门→钟楼→鼓楼→元辰阁→元君阁]

我们现在来到了太清宫的正门，大门比以前更加宽敞大方。这个门是20__年4月完工,五月一日正式开放。大门为重檐庑殿顶建筑,也称"山门",这一名称还保留着当初道众聚于山林隐修的痕迹。来到宫观，仙、俗相分的标志就是宫观的山门，按照道教的说法，跨过山门，就意味着踏进了仙界，与立于山门殿外眺望已是天壤之别、仙俗之别。

进入大门，我们首先看到的是右手的钟楼和左手的鼓楼。俗话说，"晨钟暮鼓"。钟鼓是为了给道士们一种严整的时间观念，提醒他们勤学苦修，不要偷懒。

钟鼓楼后有两座高大雄伟的建筑，这是新建成的"元辰阁"和"元君阁"。

元辰阁供奉的是斗母元君，斗母又称斗老，斗母是道教星宿神中的北斗众星之母，是掌管天文星象的女神，也就是掌管农业节令的神。

两旁有六十甲子，道教信奉六十位星宿神。每位神名都是用天干(甲乙丙丁戊己庚辛壬癸)和地支(子丑寅卯辰巳午未申酉戍亥)循环相配而得。元辰殿內供奉的六十甲子神象，文武兼备，喜怒各异，或持枪剑，或抱琴执笏，各显神通，轮流管理人间一年祸福，被尊为值年太岁。

元君阁供奉的是碧霞元君。碧霞元君，全称是天仙圣母碧霞元君。碧霞元君在北方尤其华北最受崇拜，因为她的"老家"在山东泰山。

碧霞元君，又叫"泰山玉女"，按道家之说，男子得仙称"真人"，女子得仙称"元君"。泰山玉女，上通乾象，降临下土，坤道成女，故名"天仙玉女"，又因神女身穿碧衣红裙，所以全称为"天仙玉女碧霞元君"。 $$孔林导游词 ·山东曲阜导游词 ·青岛导游词 ·山东泰山导游词

碧霞元君的右边是送子娘娘，古代人们认为生儿育女是送子娘娘恩赐的，她能保护子孙后代平安成长。左边是眼光娘娘，传说眼光娘娘能治疗各种疾病，保佑人们眼明心亮、身体健康。

殿内两边供奉的是"八仙"，八仙是最受中国人欢迎的神仙群体之一，但八仙的产生与定型却经历了很长一个过程。今天各位熟知的道教八仙先后见于唐宋文人的记载，但他们凑成一个班子是在元代，而这个班子的定型却是明代的事，并沿用至今，这显示了民间造神的随意性。

各位游客：

你们好!我叫陈乐怡，是这次你们玩颐和园的导游，你们可以叫我陈导游，我很荣幸能陪你们去北京的颐和园，如果你们有麻烦，尽管提出来，我一定会尽力的。

在还没到之前，我先大概说一下颐和园的门，就来到长廊的柱子是绿色的，栏杆是红色的，每一间的横槛上都画着画，走完长廊来到下面，万寿山上面有一座宝塔就是佛香阁。万寿山下面左边是昆明湖~~~~~~过了15分钟后，颐和园到了。

我带着游客来到了长廊，我说“：这长廊非常长，一共有700多米长，分成273间。长廊横槛上的画也很多，有画人物、花、风景，这么多的画没有哪2幅是一样的。

神农架于1986年经国务院批准为国家级森林和野生动物自然保护区。

神农架区为湖北省的房县、兴山县、巴东县给合部组成，面积3250平方公里，地跨东经190。56，—110。58北纬31。15—31。37，现有人口近八在万，林区政府设在松柏镇。神农架位于长江上游与汉水之间，秦岭山脉和大巴山交汇地段。东距襄樊市313公里;老河口市271公里：南距沙市345公里，宜昌市248公里：西距秭归县香溪口205公里;北距十堰市214公里。

神农架平均海拔1700米，林区内有3000米以上的高峰六座，最高峰神农顶3105.4米，高出武当山947.4米,峨眉山6.4米，黄山1161.4米，是华中第一峰。神农架年平均气温7.9。C，年降雨量1500毫升，是一处保存较完好的前寒武纪(五亿年前)地质结构的地方，加之处于亚热带气侯向温带气侯的过渡地带，因此，立体气侯异常显著，有“山下盛夏山岭春，山麓艳秋山顶冰”之景观。

神农架相传是炎帝神农氏采药之地而得名，这里不仅具有原始森林的特有风貌，还保存着许多第四冰川时幸存下来的古老、珍稀、濒危树种和我国特有树种100种以上。药用植物类1800种之多，其中有珍品：“头顶一颗珠，池边一碗水。文王一支笔，七叶一枝花。”有60多种药物具有抗癌作用，100多种药物堪列高级名录。

神农架又是一座野生动物王国，不仅鸟类、鱼类繁多，仅神农顶，大、粘神农架和金猴岭一带，就发现有数十个种类的金丝猴20_只以上。原被认为只能生活在北极的白色动物，如白熊、白獐、白蛇、白猫头鹰等，在神农架也相继发现。世界上几乎绝迹的驴头狼和神话故事中的千里驹--羚羊，凌空飞鼠，都自由地生活在神农架。

主峰神农顶海拔3105.4米,是湖北最高峰,也是秦岭以南华中第一高峰。横空出世，傲立华中。冬春两季，时而漫天飞雪，时而滂沱倾盆，时而啸啸狂风，时而云雾层层，唯夏秋之季晴朗，云开雾散之日，万千景观尽收眼底。

神农顶西侧有一迷人的山口若悬河，名风景垭，垭南幽幽，深谷中石林竞立，参差缭绕，时隐时现，如人间幻境。风景垭西首屹立着一嘹望塔，塔基海拔高2900米，此塔为护林防火观察之用，登高视野东达老君山，西达大九湖，南达小神农架，北达金猴岭。

红坪画廊：红坪十里画廊位于天门垭南麓，长达15公里，在这底宽不过百米，河流横贯其中的红坪画廊将三瀑四桥五潭六洞七塔八寨及三十六峰浑然融为一体，令人倾倒，如其中的刀笔峰、宝剑峰、层楼峰，相传它们分别是炎帝神农氏的文房四宝，随身佩剑和居住的楼阁，而其中的独秀峰、莲花峰则相传为炎帝公主的化身。

欢迎大家来到!我是你们的导游，我姓x，大家可以叫我小x。为了便于大家参观游玩，下面我首先大家介绍一下。

长沙，古时称为“潭州”，是著名的楚汉名城、山水洲城和快乐之都。长沙作为我国首批历史文化名城，具有三千年灿烂的古城文明史，是楚汉文明和湖湘文化的始源地，世界考古奇迹“马王堆西汉陵墓”出土于此。长沙现为湖南省省会，是湖南省的政治、经济、文化、交通和科教中心，亦是环长株潭城市群龙头城市。

风景名胜

长沙国家5A级旅游区：岳麓山—橘子洲旅游区。国家4A级旅游区：长沙世界之窗、湖南省石燕湖生态旅游公园、大围山国家森林公园、湖南省博物馆、雷锋纪念馆和天心阁。国家重点风景名胜区：岳麓山风景名胜区。国家森林公园：天际岭国家森林公园和 大围山国家森林公园。国家水利风景区： 长沙湘江水利风景区(湘江风光带)、长沙市千龙湖生态度假村。

最佳旅游时间

长沙是中国城市中的四大火炉之一，一到酷热难耐。盛夏的长沙气温很高且湿气重，是不适合旅游的时间。其余时间都是长沙旅游的最佳时间。

区域分布

长沙位于湖南省东部，湘江下游长浏盆地西缘。长沙市南接株洲市和湘潭市，西抵娄底市，北达岳阳市、益阳市，东挨江西省宜春市、萍乡市。长沙市辖：长沙市区(芙蓉区、天心区、岳麓区、开福区、雨花区、望城区)及浏阳市、长沙县、宁乡县，共六区一市两县。

历史文化

由于八年抗战、文夕大火和破四旧，长沙城区古建筑古文物几乎损失殆尽。1978年大陆推行改革开放以来，城区建设发展较快，但没有完整考虑对历史街区的保护，尚不存在完整的历史文化街区，完整的麻石街仅存4条。近几年开始关注对古城区的抢救，设立了五个“历史文化街区”进行保护性抢救，这些街区为：太平街、潮宗街、化龙池、小西门、天心阁历史文化街区。

天山天池风景名胜区位于新疆维吾尔自治区阜康县境内。是以高山湖泊为中心的自然风景区。 天山博格达峰海拨5，445米，终年积雪，冰川延绵。在天池同时可观赏雪山、森林、碧水、草坪、繁花的景色。附近还有小天池、灯杆山、石峡等景点 新疆是一个多民族聚居的省区，阜康物华天宝，人杰地灵，汉、回、哈萨克、蒙古、维吾尔等民族，长期生活在这灵山秀水之间。悠久的历史发展过程，形成了各民族在生产、生活、饮食居住、装饰服饰、婚丧嫁娶、信仰禁忌、器乐歌舞、运动竞技等方面多姿多彩的民俗风情，这又是天山天池独特的、充满神秘浪漫色彩，具有无限诱惑力的亮丽风景，每位游览天山天池的宾客，都会领略到丰富多彩、纯朴热忱的民俗风情 雄阔的天山山脉全长2500公里，横亘亚洲腹地，为塔里木盆地和准噶尔盆地的天然分界线。

天山天池风景区以高山湖泊为中心，雪峰倒映，云杉环拥，碧水似镜，风光如画，古称“瑶池”，据说神话中西王母宴群仙的蟠桃盛会便设在此处。“天池”一名来自清代，取“天镜，神池”之意，极言此地风光之美。天池湖面呈半月形，湖水清澈，晶莹如玉。四周群山环抱，绿草如茵，野花似锦，有“天山明珠”盛誉。挺拔、苍翠的云杉、塔松，漫山遍岭，遮天蔽日。

上海游记快乐的出发2月5日早晨，我兴致勃勃地来到校门口等待，你问我等什么，当然是等出发向上海的车了!这次去上海的活动是学校的“白小笔行”组织的，目的当然是是为了提高同学们的写作能力了。左等右等，车终于来了，我们不紧不慢地排着队上车，向那繁华的上海出发。梦幻的“七色彩虹”车子开过舟山跨海大桥，来到了杭州湾跨海大桥。一上大桥，就有细心的同学发现在大桥的两侧有着红色的栏杆。导游小夏阿姨趁着这机会开始为我们解说：“杭州湾大桥全长35千米，是小朋友们最喜欢的大桥之一。”小夏阿姨故意要吊起我们的胃口，停下了话语，果然，她的这招成功了。“为什么啊，小夏阿姨?”她这才把答案揭晓：“这杭州湾大桥啊，还有另一个名称——‘七色彩虹’。每隔5千米，桥侧面的护栏就会换一种颜色，而且还是按照彩虹的颜色排列的，赤橙黄绿青蓝紫!”

不久之后，果然换成了橙色!高耸入云的东方明珠塔当天下午，我们来到了上海的标志性建筑——东方明珠电视塔。它高467。9米，是亚洲第一、世界第三高塔。在东方明珠塔的大厅，我们乘上了高速豪华电梯，仅40秒就把我们送到了263米的观光层。那是一个360度的观光层，把塔周围的景物尽收眼底。走过观光层，来到了259米处的玻璃走廊。我脚下踩着透明的玻璃，仿佛在高空中行走，一不留神就会掉下去。Mygod!这是200多米啊!要是掉下去，不摔死才怪哩!一想到这些，我不由得走出了这玻璃走廊。

之后，我们又来到大厅，进入了上海城市历史发展陈列馆，那里头的一座座蜡像，仿佛真人一般，每一个细节都细细雕琢过。“千变万化”的上海科技馆第二天，我们来到了上海科技馆。第一个进去的展区就是在一层的“动物世界”。里面有各式各样的动物，有的还时不时地“叫”两声，十分逼真。刚走出“动物世界”，又来到了“蜘蛛展”，门口就有一只大蜘蛛，里面更是有吊在半空中的，还会上下的移动。走出蜘蛛展，我们又回到了一层，进入了“热带雨林”，一进去就能听到“哗啦啦”的水声，里头更是有“蛇”、“螳螂”等动物。之后，我们又来到了二层，队伍行走的速度真让我应接不暇。刚走出“机器人时代”就进入了“信息时代”，走出“信息时代”又立刻进入了“地球家园”，就仿佛进入了一个千变万化的世界。我们又去了三层，一一观赏了“探索之光”、“人与健康”、“宇航天地”3个展区，又是那种千变万化的感觉，让我不及细细观赏这一个个奇妙的“世界”。仓促的离开中午，草草吃完中饭，就上车准备离开了，不然回到家就要“三更半夜”了。我们离开之前，还每人买了一个“海宝”带回家，当作这次旅行的纪念品。就这样，我们离开了这座美丽的城市。

仙都道教兴盛佛教发达。道教典籍称仙都为玄都祈仙洞天，属三十六小洞天之二十九，为我国古代道教活动中心。自东晋时期开始先后有葛玄、葛洪、陆修静、孙游岳、陶弘景、周景复、刘处静、闾丘方远、杜光庭、许石昔等道教宗师在仙都辟谷养气，修真传教。三国孙权时期，就有僧人在缙云建寺院，历朝历代延至今日仍有寺院20多座。其中黄龙寺、栖真寺、九松寺、南宫寺、清福寺、永安寺、广慈寺、福昌寺、地藏庵等规模较大，名僧多，香火盛。在中国佛教史上，缙云仙都出了两位大师，一是唐代天台宗六祖智威禅师，二是唐代净土宗师五祖少康大师。

秀丽的山川、神奇的传说，数千年来不但陶冶了勤劳好客的仙都儿女，而且也吸引了历代文宗巨匠。谢灵运、王羲之、李白、白居易、沈括、朱熹、范成大、王十朋、汤显祖、徐霞客、陈子龙、朱彝尊、袁枚、郭沫若、茅盾、沙孟海等都在仙都留下了足迹和诗篇，上世纪五十年代以来，海燕、江南、上海、长春、北京、浙江等电视制片厂及众多的电视剧制作公司，在仙都拍摄了《阿诗玛》、《漂泊奇遇》、《凤凰之歌》、《八仙的传说》、《杨门女将》、《绝代双骄》、《天龙八部》、《汉武大帝》等近百部影视作品，著名电影艺术家赵丹曾说：“仙都是一个天然的摄影棚”。

仙都有山皆绿、有水皆碧，美在自然，真在纯朴。可以开展返朴归真、回归自然游，寻根问祖、朝拜先圣游，好溪竹筏漂流游，高山观日出、云海花海游，火山地质科普游，珍稀动植物考察游，野营野炊游，攀岩探险游，度假休闲游，影视星空博览游等。总之，丰富多彩、神秘迷人的仙都之旅，定能使你留连忘返，终生难忘。